Control of poultry diseases

Title

Language

English

Year

1949

Subject

Poultry industry.

Poultry disease prevention.

Agriculture – Philippines.

Prevention of cholera.

Fowl typhoid prevention.

Avian influenza prevention.

Rights

In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted

Fulltext

CONTROL OF POULTRY DISEASES [Sec. 486, C. P. C.] All means calculated to prevent the spread 6f dangerous and communicable poultry diseases, such as fowl cholera, fowl typhoid and European fowl pest, to non-infected places should be adopted; by all officials concerned. The following model municipal ordinance prepared by the (former) .Bureau of Agriculture and this Office (now Department of the Interior), if adopted and duly enforced in all municipalities, will go a lohg way toward the eradication of deadly fowl diseases in this country. Provincial governors should urge the municipal councils under their respective jurisdictions to adopt ,said ordinance: (Model No. 15) MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT OF ............... . PROVINCE OF .................................. .. ORDINANCE. NO ........... .. AN ORDINANCE PROVIDING CERTAIN MEASURES FOR THE PREVENTION, AND ERADICATION OF DANGEROUS AND COMMUNICAB!tE POULTRY DISEASES. By authority of section 2238 of the Administrative Code of 1917, the municipal council of ........................................... ., Province of ............................... ., hereby decrees as follows: SECTION 1. For the purposes of this Ordinance the terms "fowl," or "poultry" as used herein shall apply to and include chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, guinea fowls, pigeons and other domesticated members of the Aves family; and "dangerous and communicable poultry disease" shall apply to and include European fowl pest, fowl cholera, and fowl typhoid. SEC. 2. Whenever any dangerous and commuµicable poultry disease exists in this municipality, the owner or keeper of the fowls effected or any pe:rson who is aware of such fact shall report it .to the municipal president who shall immediately make or cause to be made by a competent person designated· by him, the necessary investigation and advise the nearest Government veterinarian of such fact. If the municipal president finds or is assured that such poultry disease exists, he shall publicly announce .11uch fact by means of APRIL, 1949· "bandillos" or written notices and shall declare the area within a radius of 200 mete~s from: the infected place to be under quarantine. SEC. 3. Once a portion of this municipality has been declared under quarantine iri accordance with the preceding section, it shall be the duty of any person who owns or has -under his charge fowls or poultry within the quarantine zone to observe the following: (a) He shall kill or cause to be killed all sick fowls owned by him or under his charge and bury or cause· them to be buried in a hole dug (n his yard for the purpose, which shall be at least one-ha)f meter deep, and shall pour kerosene on the fowls thus buried and burn them thoroughly and then cover the hole with a thick layer of soil; · (b) He shall never thl"ow nor. cause to be thrown dead fowls into ditches, brooks, rivers, er any place other than that destined for, burial thereof; . · (c) He shall clean and disinfect' thoroughly his yards, chicken coops, and other devices used in connection with poultry raising; drain and disinfect thoroughly all wet places in his yard and spread slacked lime all over the area. In disinfecting, either Creolin 5 per cent, or Carbolic Acid 3 per cent may be used; (d) He shall not remove from the quarantine zone to any other place any fowls or any eggs of fowls or coops, cages, throughs or any other devices used in connection with poultry raising. SEC. 4. . It shall be unlawful for any person to bring into this municipality. for the purpose of sale or otherwise, 'fowls, eggs pf fowls, or devices used in connection with poultry raising from any municipality infected wita any dangerous and communicable poultry disease. Any fowls, eggs of fowls, or devices used in connection with poultry raising, may be admitted into this municipality only if the person or persons bringing them are provided with a written certificate of the president of the municipality or his reperesentative or the lieutenant of the bar· rio of origin to the effect that said munic· ipality or barrio is free from any dangerous communicable poultry disease. Said certificate shall also· state, among other things, the number, kind and sex of the fowls, and the number and kind of eggs (whether chickens', turkeys', duck'. etc.) desired to be brought. Page. 239 SEC. 5. It shall likewise be unlawful for any inhabitant of this municipality whether engaged or not in the business of selling fowls to bring into this municipality any fowls or their containers which could not be sold or disposed of in any municipality infected with dangerous and communicable poultry disease. SEC. 6. In order to carry out the provisions of this ordinance, the municipal mayor or the Director of Agriculture or their duly authorized representat>ves shall at all times have access to or upon any land, lot, yard, field, or poultry grounds where fowl or fowls sick of any dangerous and communicable poultry disease are known or reasonably suspected to be present and they are hereby authorized to kill all such sick. fowls in case the owner or keeper thereof fails or refuses to do so in accordance with paragraph (a) of section 3 hereof, without prejudice· to the criminal action which may be brought against such owner or keeper under section 7 hereof. SEC. 7. Any person who violates any provision of this Ord!r.ance, or who obstructs, or impedes, or assists in obstructing or impeding the officials entrusted with the enforcement of this Ordinance, shall be liable to prosecution, and upon convictiqn shall suffer the penalty of a fine of not more than PlOG or an imprisonment of not more than 30 days, or both in the discretion of the court. SEC. 8. The provisions of this Ordinance shall take effect immediately upon its approval. Approved, Circular No. 218 of the (former) Bureau of Agriculture giving in detail the symptoms of each of the diseases referred to above is quoted hereunder. Due publicity should be given to this circular and, if. possible, every pouJ.try raiser should be furnished wi.th a copy thereof. 1 Provincial governors should bring to the attention of the municipal officials the fact that the disinfectants referred to in ·the Model Municipal Ordinance may be obtained free of charge from the Bureau of Agriculture. [Unnumbered Prov. Cir., Jan. 10, 1928.] CIRCULAR NO. 218 OF THE FORMER BUREAU QF AGRICULTURE EUROPEAN :FOWL PEST "This is a very acute infectious diPage 240 sease affecting particularly chickens, turkeys, arid geese. Blackbirds, spar.rows, owls, hawks, and other birds also contract the disease, while water fowls and pigeons are resistant. Mammals, including human, are not susceptible. The infective agent is present' in the blood and various tissues of the birq. It is so .small that it passes through the finest pores of a filter and no microscope is powerful enough to detect it. "Sywptoms.-The disease is characterized by i.ts extremely infectious nature, rapidly progressing course, and high mortality. The infected fowl losses its appetite, ha·s an irregular walk and becomes very droopy. The feathers are ruffled, and there is considerable prostration, with swelling and darkening of the comb and wattles. A sticky exudate may paste the eyelids together, clog the nasal passages and even ob· struct the windpipe, causing labored breathing. Some patients periodically shake their heads in order to dislodge their mucous secretion from the throat and nostrils at the same time producing a pecular wheezy sound. The bird lives as a rule for from two to five days. Occasionally it may live ·six or seven days. ·The bird may be apparently in good condition in the morning and be found dead in the afternoon in the very acute form. "Fowl cholera. - Fowl cholera is caused by a gerin (Bacillus avesepticus) and is blood-poisoning (septicemia). "Symptoms.-The onset of this disease may be so sudden that its sign passes unobserved, and finding the dead birds in the nest or under the roots may be the first notice that the owners has of the existence of disease in his flock; or the birds may have fowl cholera in a more chronic form and live for six to seven days. "In the protracted cases there is noted loss of appetite, great prostration, starring feathers; the bird mopes or sits around with tail an<l head down, giving the so-called 'ball' appearance, the comb is dark, the gait swaying, and there is trembling, convulsions, thirst, and severe diarrhea, with passages of a greenish-yellow color. There is high fever and the bird rapidly becomes THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW emaciated. "The disease spreads rapidly through a flock. Pure-bred birds are more susceptible than scrubs. "Fowl typhoid.-This is due to a short, plump germ with rounded ends. It is called the Bacterium sanguinarium, and is easily isolated from birds dead of the disease. It reproduces the disease in inoculated birds, multiplying in. the .blood. "This disease is confined to chic~ens. The period of incubation is given as one to two months. The course of the disease is from one to two weeks to as long as three months. Birds rarely recoi•er. "Symptoms.-Anemic · or blanched appearance of the mucus membrane of the head, with a duli appearance and great prostration, -usually ending in death in about four days, is character. istic of this disease. In some cases the affected bird! may live three to four weeks. "Prevention.-No remedy or satisfactory prophylactic trea.tment has as yet been discovered for European fowl pest, fowl cholera or f6wl typhoid. It is therefore not advisable to waste time treating infected fowls, for they serve only as source of infection. The sooner they are killed and burned, the better it will be for the flock. "The only.effective measure is to prevent the introduction of the disease or, if it has already been introguced, to check ·the spread of the infection. The poultry-house and yard should be thoroughly cleaned daily and the droppings and rubbish collected and burned. A suitable hole should be dug in the corner of the yard where the droppings and rubbish can be entirely burned up. The chicken-house and the yard immediately adjoining to it should be frequently disinfected, and where the chickens have a big yard where they are turned loose, it should be frequently plowed in order to turn over the soil and to expose to the air and the sunlight any germs that may have penf!trated into it. If this is not done the soil becomes very heavily infected, and outbreaks of the disease will frequently recur. Besides this, the n.umber of APRIL, 1949 chickens that should be .kept in a given area should· be limited to a certain number so that it will not be· crowded. If too many chickens are !kept in a small area the soil becomes foul. "Where the poultry flock is kept in the poblacion of the municipality where yards adjoin each other good fences should be constructed that will prevent well chickens from mingling with any sick chickens belonging to the neighbors. "When buying chickens or eggs for the purpose of increasing or bettering the flock, make sure that you are buying frolll._ a clean place. "As the food and! drinking waiter an proved sources of infection, do not give contaminated food or grain coming from infected areas. Be careful about the drinking water for fowls. Use only clean, fresh, non-contaminated water and change it at least once a day and disinfeot all receptacles for drinking purposes: permanganate of potash, 1 gram to 2,000 c.c. of water or drop ,a few crystals in water until it is colored like pale sherry wine; or also use sulphocarbonate compound with mercury tablets: 1 table to 500 c.c. of water." [Unumbered 1prov. Cir. Jan. 10, 1928] (Continued! from page 249) Athletic meets are factors in developing the spirit of cooperation, nobility and patriotism among Filipinos. Unity is thus realized not by force of arms i.s in other countries of ·a different ideology but by spiritual,. moral and intellectual undertakings.-At the Arranz Stadium, Tuguegarao, Cagayan, on Opening the National Interscholastic Meet, March 5, 1949. · r .......................................................................................................... '1 • ~ Luzon ·Bazar ~ BINSON GO, Manager • ~ Dealer~ in Textiles & i General Merchandise L~::~ ........... ~:~::::~ Page 241

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