The Universal declaration of human rights?

Media

Part of Philippine Educator

Title: The Universal declaration of human rights?
Language: English
Year: 1952
Rights
Fulltext: THE PHILIPPINE EDUCATOR & Prepare and release special press and radio material. Orga·nize public exhibitions, art competitions, essays or debating contests. Conduct community action projects or surveys. How Press, Radio, Television and Cinema Celebrate the Anniversary Press reproduces the text of the Declaration. Press reports celebrations. Press prints editorh\ls on Human Rights, photo features, stories and cartoons. Radio broadcasts U.N. Headquarters celebrations. Radio broadcasts special U.N., UNESCO radio documentaries and features. Radio and television broadcast special anniversary events. Radio and television originate and broadcast feature of programmes. Radio and television use Human Rights Day spot announcements. Radio and television broadcast reading of the Declaration by eminent actors. Cinemas ~how special Human Rights films. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights PREAMBLE WHEREAS recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world, WHEREAS disregard and contempt for huma rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a wqrld in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and beHef and freedom from fea1· and want has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common people, WHEREAS it is esaential, if man is not to be compelled to have :recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule of law, WHEREAS it is essential to pro.. mote the development of friendly relations among nation~, WHEREAS the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charter reaffirmed their faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men and women and have determined to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom, WHEREAS Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in cooperation with the United Nations. the promotion of universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms, WHEREAS a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the greatest importance for the full. realization of this pledge, NOW THEREFORE THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY PROCLAiMS THIS UNIVERSAL DECLARA6 THE PHILIPl>INE EDUCATOR TION OF HUMAN RIGHTS as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and ob~rvance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction. ARTICLE I All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and right.a. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should aet towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. ARTICLE II (1) Everyone is entitled to all the rithts and freedoms set forth in ~his Deelaration, without distinctiun of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or 90eial origin, property, birth or other status. (2) Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of 11overeignty. ARTICLE Ill :mveryone has the right to life, liberty and security of person. ARTICLE IV })to one ahall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms. ARTICLE V No one shall be subjected to torture O'r to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. ARTICLE VI Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law. ARTICLE VII All are equal before the la.w and are entitled without any discriinination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination. ARTICLE VIII Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals for acts violat· ing the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by law. ARTICLE IX No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile. ARTICLE X Everyone i~ entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him. ARTICLE XI ( 1) Everyone charged with a penal offense has the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law .in a public trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defence. (2) No one shall be held guilty CJf a:ny penal offence on accotint of any act or ()mission which did not constitute a pena1 offeMe, under THE PHILIPPINE EDUCATOR '1 national or international law, at the time when it was committed. Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the one that was applicable at the time the penal offence was committed. ARTICLE XII No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such intereference or attacks. ARTICLE XIII ( 1) Everyone has the right t.o freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each State. (2) Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country. ARTICLE XIV (1) Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution. (2) This right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutio~s genuinely arising from non-political crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations. ARTICLE XV (1) Everyone has the right to a nationality. (2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to change his nationality. ARTICLE XVI (1) Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during mar.;. riage and at its dissolution. (2) Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses. ( 3) The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the State. ARTICLE XVl'I ( 1) Everyone has the right to own prpperty alone as well as in association with others. (2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property. ARTICLE XVIII Everyone has the right to freed om of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or i:ri1 community with others ~nd ~n public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance. ARTICLE XIX Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freed om to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart inf ormation and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers. ARTICLE XX (1) Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association. (2) No one may be compelled to belong to an association. ARTICLE XXI (1) Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives. (2) Everyone has the right of 8 THE PmLlPFINE EDUCATOJt ~ual access to public ser-vice in his country. (3) The will of the people shall be the basis of the autliority of government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures. ARTICLE XXII Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international cooperation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, soeial and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free ff.velopment of his personality. ARTICLE XXIII (1) Everyone has the . right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment. (2) Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to -equal '\)tlY for equal work. (a) Everyone who works has the ri~nt to just and favourable remuneration insuring for himself and his family an existence worthy of huma:Q dignity, and supplemented, if necessary, by other means of social protection. ( 4) Everyone has the right to form and join trade unions for the protection of his interests. ARTICLE xxrv Everyone has the right to rest Qd J:ejeure, including reasonable limitation o-f working hours and periodic oolidays with pay. ARTICLE XXV ( l) Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control. (2) Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social protection. ARTICLE XXVI (1) Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit. (2) Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understandings, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and shall further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace. (3) Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given to their children. ARTICLE XXVH (1) Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits. (2) Everyone has the right to the prot.ection of the moral and mateTHE PHILIPPINE EDUCA.TOB. ' rial interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the author. ARTICLE XXVIII Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized. ARTICLE XXIX ( 1) Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full development of his personality is possible. (2) In the exercise of his rights and freedoms, everyone shall be subject only to such limitations as are determined by law solely for Chief Education Officer Department of Education Manila, Philippine Islands Dear Sir: the purpose of securing due recog .. nition and respect for the rightt and freedoms of others and of meeting the just requirements of morality, public order and the general welfare in a democratic so· ciety. ( 3) These rights and freedoms may in no case be exercised con· trary to the purposes l!.nd principles of the United Nations. ARTICLE XXX Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any State, g:roup or person any right to engage in any activity or to pe:rf orm any act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set forth herein. 2138 East 39th Street Ashtabula, Ohio, U.S.A. August 23, 1952 May I take this liberty to write you these few lines? I am a school teacher in our city schools here and am keenly interested in and enthusiastic about correspondence with teachers in all the islands of your group. Would it be possible for you to publish such a request for me (for correspondence with teachers in the Philippine Islands) in one of the educational journals or periodicals there with wide eir• culation over the islands? In addition as we teachers would correspond, I would hope that we could discuss edll~tional ideas and techniques, exchange view cards, pictures, booklets, even stamps, and even exchange drawings made by our pupils and so on. I am very keen about such correspondence and hope that I may hear from you soon stating the good news to me that such a request can be published in an educational paper tb.ert. Thank you very much. Very truly yours, (Sgd.) C. WADE CUDEBACK