The American Chamber of Commerce Journal

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Part of The American Chamber of Commerce Journal

Title: The American Chamber of Commerce Journal
Issue Date: Volume IX (No. 11) November 1929
Year: 1929
Language: English
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extracted text: Can You Write? Ten to One You Can! PRIZE COMPETITION ANNOUNCED For the Best Narrative, Not More Than 3,000 Words, of Philippine Economic Progress Under the United States submitted prior to January 31, The Journal will pay 150 pesos For the second best paper on the same subject, 50 pesos Similar competitions, open to all, in which substance will be weighted equally with diction, will be announced frequently until further notice. Determined to develop a literary market here, The Journal offers the same price for manuscripts as that paid by first-rate American magazines. There Is but One Condition Competitors must be yearly subscribers to The Journal. If not already subscribers, each should send T4 and his name and address with his manuscript. In addition, editorial service—kindly, sympathetic literary criticism—to the limit of the editor’s physical capacity is proffered free to all yearly subscribers. TRULY A MAGAZINE---- PREEMINENT IN THE PHILIPPINES The men folks back home will appreciate a box of genuine TABACALERA CIGARS LET us send them for you—ALL CHARGES PREPAID to any point in the United States. Price lists may be secured at, and orders left with the TABACALERA CIGAR STORE g t * i j I « 5 Í y R » 5 Í 57 Escolta The time is short; place your order TODAY if 1 •i -THE STORY OF THE GOODRICH AIR CONTAINERWhen a nail punctures the Air Container it is tightly gripped by the compression member. When the nail is withdrawn compression instantly closes the opening. The tread surface of the tire, down to this point on either side, is reinforced by a pliable bridge of compressed rubber similar to an arched bow of sprung steel. During inflation the stretch in an Air Container is confined to that part supporting the lower side walls of the tire and extending down around the beads and flap. Another Success /jr rhe Producers of SILVERTOWN TIRES Strong compression is created by building the compression member upon the OUTSIDE of the tube, and then turning the tube IN SIDE OUT before splicing. Side wall blows delivered at either edge of the compression member are resisted, just as the sprung bow resists further bending; and side wall breakdown is retarded. All inflation stretch in the Air Container is at an approximate right angle to the compression member, keeping it .‘‘live” with every flex of the tire while in service. I¥ 'f i 1 £ I * ? i THE, GOODRICH INTERNATIONAL RUBBER COMPANY, INCDERHAM BUILDING, PORT AREA, PHONES 5-69-42 AND 5-69-43 MANILA, P. I. L. A. COOPER, Branch Manager P. O. BOX 'i IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURN' November, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 1 A Revelation in Driving and Riding Luxury No car will give you greater confidence at the wheel than the Dodge Brothers Senior Six. It has such exceptional ease of steering, such tremendous reserve power, such eager, swift acceleration, such sure, smooth braking— And if you know and appreci ate fine motor car style, no car will appeal to your good taste more convincingly. ILOILO 535-568 GANDARA, MANILA CEBU IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 2 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL November, 1929 Interior Street-Car Advertising Small in Cost—Large in Results For Rates and Particulars—Call Up Telephone 2-19-11 Manila Electric Company A. B. TIGH Advertising Manager 134 San Marcelino Manila, P. I. Has Your Wife Seen the “New Yorker” ELECTROLUX GAS REFRIGERATOR A Splendid New Model No Motor—No Noise Only P390.00 Or On Convenient Monthly Terms Manila Gas Corporation Showroom: 5 Calle David Tel. 2-16-43 CORONAS DE LA ALHAMBRA HALF-A-CORONA EXCELENTES ESPECIALES BELLEZAS PRESIDENTES Etc., Etc. Watch For The Name ALHAMBRA On Rings and Labels— It’s Your Protection Alhambra Cigar and Gigarette Mfg. Co. 31 Tayuman Manila, P. I. IMITA TED BUT NEVER EQUALLED! IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 1 November, 1929 PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY The American Chamber of Gommerce OF THE Philippine Islands (Member Chamber of Commerce of the United States) ENTERED AS SECOND CLASS MATTER May 25, 1921, at the POST OFFICE AT MANILA, P. I. Local Subscription: P4.00 per year Foreign Subscription: $3.00 U. S. Currency, per year Single Copies: 35 Centavos WALTER ROBB, Editor and Manager DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS P. A. Meyer, President H. M. Cavender, Vice-President John W. Haussermann, Vice-President John L. Headington, Treasurer H. L. Heath W. L. Applegate J. C. Rockwell Kenneth B. Day ALTERNATE DIRECTORS J. L. Headington A. B. Cresap Wrn^H. Rennolds John R. Wilson, Secretary E. E. Selph, General Counsel EXECUTIVE P. A. Meyer, Chairman H. M. Cavender H. L. Heath COMMITTEES FINANCE W. H. Rennolds, Chairman E. M. Gross O. M. Schuman RELIEF W. J. Odom, Chairman Carl Hess John Gordon MANUFACTURING P. A. Meyer, Chairman Alf Welhaven E. A. Seidenspinner LEGISLATIVE P. A. Meyer, Chairman Frank B. Ingersoll J. R. Wilson FOREIGN TRADE H. B. Pond, Chairman L. L. Spellman M. M. Saleeby PUBLICATIONS P. A. Meyer, Chairman Roy C. Bennett BANKING AND CURRENCY Stanley Williams, Chair man W. J. Shaw RECEPTION AND ENTERTAINMENT J. L. Headington, Chair man F. W. Butler J. R. Wilson HOUSE -------------------- , Chairman J. R. Wilson LIBRARY John Gordon, Chairman SHIPPING H. M. Cavender, Chairman G. P. Bradford L. E. Nantz INVESTMENTS P. A. Meyer, Chairman H. M. Cavender Kyrie Eleison -- Lord, Have Mercy! It has been a month of things-not-done with the executive. Governor Davis has not gone fishing. He has not grown unduly impatient, as has the daily press, of the fact that the legislative mill grinds slowly. Best of all, he has not gone haywire, as the country generally has, over the King-resolution vbte in connection with the Federal senate’s consideration of the tariff; a vote which stood 39-43 against setting up a new nation in the orient, that nation to be the Philippines, and immediately taxable under the American tariff. Governors, and no less legislatures, may some times be commended for what they refrain from doing: it seems now that Congress will not even pass the tariff bill, let alone passing it with King’s or Broussard’s extraneous addenda attached. Yet the fire of oratory plays round the Philippine question in Wash ington, and the Philippines seem at once to spurn and to yearn toward its hopeful but devastating light. The King resolution, if correctly re membered, would authorize the President to negotiate a set of international treaties respecting the Philippines; that is, it gives with one hand and with holds with the other. Long are the years involved in negotiating any set of treaties, and quick is the inclination of the Federal senate to reject them —once executive diligence has patiently put them through. According to men with authority to speak, the Philippines are not really looking around for a new consort, nor do they expect Uncle Sam to abandon them or drive them out into world alone. Should he do so, they would be much in the character of the buxom dame who, recommending herself to a marriage bureau, remarked, “I can live with anybody—I have been divorced.” There is something in smiling and keeping wide awake, but thorough ly calm. The work of thirty years could be scrapped overnight, but it hardly will be. The question seethed for awhile, filling men with pertur bations, but Governor Davis’s watchful and silent neutrality helped a lot, and feeling soon eased perceptibly. Ben Wright, after six years, retired from the insular auditor’s post— writh pleasure in ridding himself of a wearying office, and commendation of Governor Davis’s way of handling questions rising to him from the auditor’s decisions. It is not radio news that another has succeeded Fight ing Ben, ordinarily the auditor’s office is as barren of news of national significance as a mildewed tombstone in Cementerio del Norte. Ben, not the office, or the official, was the news. More movies went talkie. The senate, too, went into many a talkie caucus, but when this paper had to be typed Governor Davis was still smilingly confident and the game was still being played on his own pitch. Before this comment reaches the reader, the legislature will have adjourned and what is really to happen will be known. Meantime a little act has become law which empowers probe committees to summon witnesses and examine them under oath, and to compel them thus to give testimony. This looks bad for the weak side. Unable to elicit information as to what the executive may do in matters which remain under consideration in the legislative branch of the govern ment, the newspapers have begun guessing. They have guessed, and would it shall be true! that Governor Davis will not extend the beef-cattle-importation contract. Not to do so would, of course, the law remaining un amended, mean millions a year to the Philippine cattle industry—and THE NEW FORD TRUCK (CHASSIS ONLY) With Front Bumper and Spare Wheel Fl,640.00 CASH The World’s Most Economical Transportation Unit SPE-i-D- D£PEKDABILITV. - p0XVER! Do Not be Misled by Claims of Economy —Ask the Man Who Owns a New Ford “After We Sell, We Serve’’ MANILA TRADING & SUPPLY COMPANY MANILA Iloilo Cebu Bacolod IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 4 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL November, 1929 anything bringing even a single million to any of the islands' industries just now is well worth putting into effect. It is hard, however, to bring one’s self to believe that so much confidence in the resources of the islands prevails among officials, but one may guess it does. No doubt Governor Davis is watching another matter closely, that of the radiograph contract between the government and the Radio Corpora tion of the Philippines, which expires May 10, 1930. Recommendations for renewal have come from most of the communities benefiting, which in all are eight: Iloilo, Cebu, Zamboanga, Caga yan de Misamis, Tacloban, Davao, Aparri, Laoag. As everyone knows, the telegraph service was formerly an activ ity of the posts bureau, and so it remains excepting the portion here mentioned. Some would even give this back to the bureau, and are asking sums varying from B15,000 to P350,000 (for the first year alone) for the purpose. It was, in the beginning, by mere accidental arrangement that the telegraph service of the old army signal corps fell to the lot of the posts bureau: the functions of the military administration were being dis tributed among the bureaus being estab lished under the civil government, and so the posts bureau got the telegraph and cable lines. Inadvertently, almost, a branch of the Federal government went into the dispatch business. Shall it now gradually withdraw? The radio equipment the contracting company has installed may have cost around B300,000; it is to be written off during the term of the contract, and the residue of profits, if any, is for the com pany; excepting, that of all the tolls collected the posts bureau receives 25%, the government being sure of this much profit. The lot of employes is better with the company than with the government, it seems. The company is a subsidiary of the Radio Corporation of America, and its employes are associated therefore with the world organization; the com pany likes to get its operators on a base pay of P125 a month as soon as they are competent, while experienced operators in the posts bureau lag along for years at B60 to B70 a month— not a living wage for a man with a family. Business houses do not relish comparing the two services, the old being a nightmare to them and the new very satisfactory in all respects. It is true that during a period of eight months the new service has encountered some 1,100 complaints, 800 of them during periods of circuit trouble. But it is also true that the old practice of sending messages rush at triple rates has been eliminated almost entirely, and during the eight months mentioned the total number of messages handled was 235,000, of which 1,100 is of 1%—• really a little less. One would say this is not a bad showing, and the attitude of the public using the service shows that it is not. One firm’s experience has been an average delay of 30 minutes between Iloilo and Manila, as against 540 minutes in the old service (with many mes sages sent rush at triple rates), and an average delay of 93 minutes between Cebu and Manila, as against 690 minutes in the old service. The service between Cebu and Manila can be im proved, as no doubt it will be, particularly if the contract is extended. Such are some of the elements of the question, another vital one being that the contracting company has the benefit (which the posts bureau would not have) of expert supervision both df engineering and traffic by staff members loaned from the parent company. These men are employed for the transoceanic service and are available for the interisland service. Kirby in N. Y. World “Tell Papa where it hurts the worst.” Maybe it hurts worst in the region of the Philippines. equally competent technicians the government, should it resume the undertaking, would have to pay very high. It would not do so, and it therefore would not put itself into a position to render the service the public is now enjoying, and an increasing personnel is benefiting from by receiving living wages. Another guess as to what will happen. On October 10, a Sunday, Governor Davis opened to public traffic one of the most strateg ically placed river bridges in the islands, the General Antonio Luna bridge over the Rio Grande de Pampanga at Valdefuente, Cabanatuan. The bridge is 605 meters long, of 13 spans; originally begun years ago by a contractor, the work was finally taken over by the govern ment. and finished by administration under the public-works bureau. The cost is estimated at about P903,000, which may be carried in the mind of the taxpayer as a million. The cost will very promptly be returned to the treasury in tolls, which are to be point Percy A. Hill fur be a toll bridge for all collected, on which nishes some data: “The bridge will traffic except pedestrian, the charges falling ‘ heavily on the trucking companies transporting palay. The tolls on trucks are graded accord ing to tonnage, from BO.80 to Pl.40 for trucks from 1 to 4 tons if loaded and slightly lower if empty. Trailers used to pay the same tolls, so that if a truck and trailer of combined 9-ton capacity cross the bridge the tolls are, going and coming, P6.50, or approximately 3 centavos a cavan of palay carried. The argument used is to place prohibitive tolls on heavy traffic. For example, a 4-ton trailer loaded pays Pl.40, and Pl.20 if emp ty; if 5 tons are loaded it pays P2.50, practically double for the extra ton.” It seems that passenger automobiles cross the bridge for a toll of 30 cen tavos. Mr. Hill furnishes the following schedule of tolls on trucks: Loaded; IT B0.80, 2T P0.90, 3T Pl.20, 4T Pl.40; empty, IT P0.50, 2T P0.S0, 3T P1.00, 4T Pl.40. This will hit in dustry hard, but at least the bridge obviates the oldtime ferry service over the Rio Grande. “The bridge at Pasong Insik (Chinese Ford), north of San Juan de Guimba,” says Air. Hill, “was opened two months ago and the only ferry-bridge remain ing on the Manila-north road is that over the Rio Chico at Gapan, where a bridge, which would be far less costly than that at Cabanatuan, is badly needed. By reason of the An tonio Luna bridge, road is ters, to waiting season, market of 3,417,800 crop 1__ This does not By reason of the the Manila-north shortened some three kilomesay nothing of eliminating the at the ferry during the rainy The bridge is the outlet to in Cabanatuan (Rocky Ford) cavans of palay (the last season) from nine towns. ___ __ include 750,000 cafrom the Aliaga-Zaragoza district, which be hauled over the old collapsible 5-kilometer detour, nor vans will bridge to avoid a an equal amount coming into Cabanatuan from the Bongabong-Laur district along the south bank of the Rio Grande. “The utility of the bridge is not questioned, but this year it will fill a special requirement concerned w’ith the new warehouse act going into effect January 1 and killing the placing of palay on deposit in Cabanatuan. Palay will have to move over the bridge during the entire season, provided prices offered are favorable to producers. The law has proved a boomerang and backed the rice industry to the rear”— which is getting quite far afield and is where Mr. Hill’s notes must be closed. One might hazard a wild guess that at his convenience Governor Davis will look into the question of bridge tolls throughout the islands, and tip some functionary^off to do something about them. “Look for the Blue Tin" SEI CD NY Long Life Oils FOR STEAM, GASOLINE AND DIESEL ENGINES, SUGAR CENTRALS AND FARM MACHINERY STANDARD OIL COMPANY OF NEW YORK Z2v RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF' COMMERCE JOURNAL November, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 5 Tells Scope of MacDonald-Hoover Parley The following article by Edward Price Bell is taken from the Chicago Daily Neios and is oí partic ular interest because Mr. Bell is the newspaper man who brought about the very conference, between Premier MacDonald and President Hoover, of which he outlines the scope. London man for the News for twenty-five years, during the past ten years Mr. Bell has devoted himself to world problems affecting peace; and in this capacity visited the Philippines five years ago, obtaining interviews with Leonard Wood, Sergio Osmefia and Manuel Quezon. While the conference has already been held, it is being followed by diplomatic negotiations no doubt very largely based upon what Mr. Bell says here.—Ed. “Bigger things than even a British-American naval adjustment on the basis of parity and non competition in warship building, with a cor responding arrangement affecting all maritime nations, will be discussed by Premier MacDonald and President Hoover in their prospective conversations in Washington and perhaps at the president’s summer camp on the Rapidan river. “The whole problem of the relations between the British commonwealth of nations and the United States of America will come under review. The prime minister and the president will ask themselves this question: “How are we to make certain that no warlike eventuality, from what ever quarter it may threaten, shall imperil the peace of the Englishspeaking world?” To achieve BritishAmerican naval parity or approximate parity is excellent. To put an end to British-American and general naval competi tion, with prodigious economic and moral ad vantage to the world, is better. But these ac complishments, assum ing that they are made effectual, are far from exhausting the benefi cent possibilities of the British-American or the world situation. When the British and American navies are sub stantially equal in com bat strength, and when rivalry in warship build ing no longer casts a shadow over civilization, Problem of Fleets the question of how peace in War is to be maintained still will remain. Britain and America and other sea powers, having decided upon the relative proportions of their navies, will be compelled to proceed to the further and yet more vital conclusion of how their fleets are to be used in the event of unpreventable war. This question is wide open today. Sea law is in the melting pot. Almost no views concerning it have been formulated. There continues to be talk of the ‘freedom of the seas’—whatever that nebulous and variously interpreted phrase may mean—but vigorous thinkers, abreast of the advance of international law, are beginning to challenge the whole position suggested by the ‘freedom of the seas.’ “Already in these dispatches it has been stated that America’s classic doctrine of neutral mari time rights is likely to be reversed. That this statement will have its verification in due time scarcely needs be doubted. The moment of verification depends upon events. Just now the ‘freedom of the seas’ is not to the front officially in Washington. Senator Borah has striven to make it the uppermost topic—to put it ahead of naval dimensions in British-American and world politics—but he has failed. Both Washington and London are agreed that the traditions, Public Works Photo. Antonio Luna Bridge over the Rio Grande at Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija prejudices and perplexities of sea law must await naval agreement looking to acceptable relativity, noncompetition and economy. “But the time is near when the larger problem must be faced by Britain and America. It will be faced by MacDonald and Hoover. Their ideas may or may not be made public prior to a more mature development of the international naval situation. Nevertheless they will un derstand each other, as, before their conversations are finished, they are virtually certain to under stand each other with reference to every other matter of importance to the harmonious func tioning of the English-speaking states in their own interests, which, of course, are indissolubly bound up with friendly and trustful connections embracing the other nations. “The premier and the president will seek to erect their peace strupture upon the corner stone of the Briand-Kellogg pact. It is accepted by both statesmen as the world’s new political starting point. Both regard prepact interna tional political thought as either obsolete or in want of review. This standpoint applies par ticularly to the ‘freedom of the seas.’ Many persons reason about this and other international questions as if the Briand-Kellogg pact (not to mention the league of nations covenant or the treaties of Locarno) did not exist. But not MacDonald or Hoover. Neither is befogged, nor so politically unreal, as this. “Under the pact (again forgetting the cov enant and Locarno) Britain may not attack America, nor America Britain. Indeed, under the pact there can be only Who Is Aggressor? one kind of war in the future—a war between an aggressor and the rest of the world. Such a war would be between a lawbreaking nation or nations and law-abiding nations. Neither Bri tain nor America will commit aggression, will break the law. “What MacDonald and Hoover have to consider, and if possible to decide, is how, in the event of an attack threatening the peace of the world, they are to determine who is break ing the law and who de fending it, in order that their fleets may be in no danger of being ranged on opposing sides. No war, if Britain and Amer ica can prevent it, no collision between their fleet if they cannot—this is the principle in this problem, which will en gage two of the most serious, honest and cap able minds in the world when MacDonald and Hoover get together in Washington or in the woods of Virginia early in October. “It is a stupendous question, crucil, fraught with weightier human interests than any other now confronting statesmanship. Betseen law breakers and law defenders there can be no ethical hesitation as to choice. In outbreaks of war, however, the aggressor, some contend, cannot be distinguished. They argue, that is to say, that there can be no decision in such cases as to who are lawbreakers and who law defenders. If this difficulty were insuperable, the outlook verily would be dark for any system or method of marshaling the major force of civilization against war. Retail Importers o^ine America”c * BOTICA BOIE ° MANILA Heavy Chemicals—Fertilizer—Manufacturers We have been selling drugs for 98 years Wholesale Agents IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 6 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL November, 1929 “But is this difficulty insuperable? MacDonald and Hoover think not. It is highly honorable to their statesmanlike temper that they think not. They will not accept as insuperable any difficulty which blocks the path of international peace. They may not win through. They may fail. The goal they aim at may be for other and later statesmen to attain. But at least the great Scotsman now at the head of the British government and the silent, thought ful, informed, stiffwilled man now at the head of the American government will not lie down or run away because somebody lifts the shout, ‘Insuperable.’ “The probability that the doctrine of the ‘freedom of the seas’ will be reversed or disappear arises from the Briand-Kellogg pact. It means that neutrality in widespread Neutrality to be war is coming to be conceived Impossible of as impossible. It means, How Manila Newspapers “Raise the Wind” Your Newspaper: 3rd Article The largest single item of expense in the pub lishing of a newspaper is that for the paper itself, newsprint. It is for the pulp with which to make this paper that large areas of American forests have been sacrificed during the century which has elapsed since old rags ceased to be abundant enough to supply all needs for raw material for paper, and the discovery was made that wood pulp or any other vegetable fiber may be converted into paper—the subject of the first article of this series. Many a newspaper has gone under the sheriff’s hammer, unable to meet its bill for paper; and others have closed their history for the same reason but with more dig- , nity, one means being, selling out to the opposi tion paper and letting one thrive where two ; would surely fail. The lengths to which small newspapers must ■ sometimes go to obtain paper involve the lugu- 1 brious efforts which are made the themes of | stories and popular plays. The honest editor 1 with the beautiful daughter holds up grimly under thé mortgage and rebukes the banker’s solicitations for his daughter’s hand, and the paper merchant bills him his paper by express, c. o. d. This in idealized country towns in Amer- | ica; perhaps it has its counterpart in the Philip pines, for the chief anxiety of every publisher is his paper and how to keep getting it. In Ma nila, however, the capital of an aristocratic ■ class, angels are found for newspapers, in need : of paper, which can employ editors able to play popular editorial tunes; and both the Philippine j National Bank and wealthy individuals have served in this generous capacity—not, by the way, excepting for a bank, an improper role. There need be no concern with names. The tendency in any community new in re spect to newspapers is for too many newspapers to be started; the heavy mortality among news papers published during the early years of the present regime was referred to in the second too, a feeling amounting to practically a conviction that any imaginable great war will find the majority, if not all, the sea powers on the side of the resisters of aggression. In this event, naturally; navies would wish to exercise the fullest belligerent rights in terminat ing the activities of the aggressor or aggressors at the earliest possible moment. It belongs to this point of view that ‘contraband,’ whether ‘conditional’ or ‘unconditional,’ has become a meaningless term and that ‘blockade’ as his torically used falls under the same description. “Premier MacDonald and President Hoover, informally, at any rate, will explore the problem of extending the Canadian-American peace to the relationship of the whole British common wealth with the United States. Canada and America are frequently disputatious but never warlike. The effort will be to effect an identical situation covering the whole English-speaking article of this series. It was followed by the death of all the Demócrata newspapers, those of the minority, and by the birth of a powerful group of independent newspapers under the ownership and management of the Roces family, the T-V-T group. Consolidations and amalga Battery of Presses, Chicago Daily News It requires gigantic rotary presses of this kind to run off half-million editions such as American city papers regularb print world. This effort or idea well may contem plate the demilitarization of the British islands in the Caribbean, with perhaps strategic and financial concessions to Britain. “These latter are still quite ‘in the air,’ but by no means absent from progressive speculation relative to a permanent British-American accord. We have not only the peaceful Canadian-Amer ican frontier, confirmed by generations of reci procal friendship, but the nonfortification clauses of the Washington Pacific treaty, deemed a virtual impregnable safeguard of peace on the premier ocean of the globe. “Why not extend these examples of political goodwill and sanity to the entire British-Amer ican frontier and this lay the securest foundations yet devised of an international peace of justice, the only kind of peace which can endure?” mations will continue to be the rule until Manila newspapers are fewer, but better. Among all the American newspapers started, the Manila Daily Bulletin remains, a thriving, well-edited and well-managed publication, the sole one in the field. The Manila Times has arrangements with the T-V-T, and has the status of an after noon newspaper with a Sunday morning edition still enjoying principally an American clientele. It has an American editor, other American staff members, and the benefit of the trenchant pen of L. H. Thibault, the man in general charge of Associated Re-fuels GRAF ZEPPELIN When the world’s greatest flying ship was re-fueled at Los Angeles the gasoline selected was ASSOCIATED GASOLINE More Miles to the Gallon • ASSOCIATED OIL COMPANY MANILA CEBU ILOILO LEGASPI : IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNA1 November, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 7 the T-V-T group. There seems to be a place for the Times and its former prosperity seems to be returning. All newspapers derive their revenue from two sources, subscriptions, including daily sales, and advertising. Those less happily circumstanced and needing some special source of money for expenses are organs; and of all the means news papers have of getting revenue, advertising is by long odds the most important. But circulation income is, among Manila newspapers, a greater factor than it is to metropolitan newspapers in the United States; an American city newspaper will not expect to get from circulation even the bare cost of its paper, but Manila newspapers get more than the cost of paper from their circu lation revenue, and, at the prices charged for advertising, they must. There are some which sell their thin week-day editions for five centa vos, but they get ten centavos for their larger Sunday editions; the day of the penny news paper is far away and the pioneer penny papers will be vernacular sheets. The key to the masses is the vernacular. Resorting to numerals as a device for anony mity, Newspaper No. 1, whose income was can vassed, was found to have collected about P350,000 during 1928, PT00,000 from circula tion and P250,000 from advertising; and its bill for paper was P50,000, about 15% of its total expense. Newspapers No. 2 had an income of F371,000, of which PT56,000 came from readers and P215,000 from advertisers. Their bill for paper was P56,000, about 15% of their total expense. Newspaper No. 3, during seven months, had an income of P35,000, of which circulation revenue was P14,000 and advertising revenue P21,000. Its paper bill for the seven months was P5,000, about 15% of its total expense. Newspaper No. 4, during eight months, had an income of P95,000, of which P30,000 was from circulation and P65,000 from advertising. Its paper bill was PIO,000, about 11% of its total expense. Newspaper No. 5, during eight months, had an income of P221,000, of which Pl 10,000 was from circulation and Pl 11,000 from advertising. Its paper bill was P64,000, which was 30% of its total expense. The papers to which these data pertain are all turning a profit; they include the most profit able newspapers in Manila, and it is seen that their principal revenue derives from advertising. The question of who advertises remains to be investigated. For this purpose a slightly dif ferent grouping has been chosen, that of the Sunday morning newspapers in English and the Monday morning Bulletin. These newspapers will serve as an illustration of all the rest. The display advertising in one of these papers, one Sunday morning, was found to total 992 column inches, of which 846 came from Amer ican sources—American merchants, or other merchants advertising American manufactures for which they are agents. That in another of the four totaled 1,330 column inches, of which 1,056 came from American sources. That in another totaled, 1,270 column inches, of which 1,142 came from American sources; and that in the fourth totaled 1,243 column inches, of which 884 came from American sources. Predom inantly, then, it is the advertising of American commercial houses, and others having American manufactures for sale, that furnishes Manila newspapers their revenue. Wanting this ad vertising, the newspapers could not survive to serve their readers unless other advertisers came forward or unless very much higher subscription rates should be charged, or other makeshifts should be found partially adequate to an im poverished situation. So much advertising derives from Americ^tu sources, of course, because it is desired to sell the goods advertised; and the public, for the most part, is the Filipino English-reading public. Only one outstanding class of advertising is still addressed chiefly to the American-European public, i. e., that of the women’s-wear shops which appears in the society-notes columns of the newspapers. Practically all other advertis ing is addressed to the English-speaking public generally, in which Filipinos greatly predom inate. It is the first thought of an American merchant or manufacturer, in selling goods, to advertise—a practice found to be profitable in Manila only within comparatively narrow limits. The types of goods advertised are few. The bulk of manufactures sold in the Philippines are not advertised at all; this includes staples* such as would be cried up to buyers in American cities in the homeland in whole-page and double-page spreads. The explanation is that importers sell staples directly to the retail merchants, nearly all of them Chinese, to whom the public goes in search of what it wants and in quest of cheerful opportunities to haggle over measurements, prices and qualities. Buy from one Chinese merchant or another, it is all the same; they are likely all to be in a guild, or they are mere clerks in a chain of shops owned by a single family or by one man. The only advertising these retail ers do is to keep open their shops fifteen hours a day, ignoring alike the secular and religious holi days of the country. No one aspires to be a Woolworth, and none becomes one. Not staples, but a few modern inventions of Judge’s artist, “Mac,” who shares honors with Judge, Jr. in High Hat, is worried about Xmas-card ideas. That’s be cause he’s in New York. Out here, of course, the thing to do is just to send one’s ordinary card to a friend, with a case of— GORDON GIN —and rest assured of your friend’s eternal gratitude! Then again— ROBERTSON SCOTCH WHISKY —it’s preferred for good highballs always. Kuenzle & Streiff, Inc. Importers 343 T. Pinpin Tel. 2-39-36 Manila, P. I. high-unit cost are the things chiefly advertised in Manila newspapers; the advertising follows more the magazine advertising in the United States than that in homeland newspapers. The special comfort, luxury or necessity, usually to be had on the easy-payment plan, is adver tised here. One sees here no Wanamaker able through the power of the printed page to draw multitudes into his store for special sales. If some budding Wanamaker should try the experiment, perhaps it would fail—possibly the crowd would continue to go bargaining on the by-streets. Besides, while the charges in each newspaper are low, the charges in all of them together are high: to reach a public not exceeding 100,000 subscribers, many of whom reside in the prov inces, would be to use practically all of the newpapers and pay a price commensurate with that charged by a homeland metropolitan paper going to double the number of subscribers in a single city. It falls out that we have Manila newspapers, of the size, quality and general merit they are, because of a half-dozen inventions. Substract two of these, the automobile and the phono graph, and the newspapers would be on lean pickings. One Sunday newspaper had in one issue, 334 inches of automobile and auto-acces sories advertising, 110 inches advertising phono graphs and records, 41 inches advertising patent medicines, 110 inches advertising household utensils, and 381 inches advertising sundry other items. Three others, closely comparing with this one, were checked. Radio advertising still claims minor space, but increases. Fortuitously, Manila newspapers have attain ed the position they occupy today because the automobile and the phonograph, a new form of rapid transportation and a new form of enter tainment, instruction and diversion, were brought to commercial perfection about the time of the American occupation of the city, and brought out here a few years later. Sonie of the American merchants who early established themselves here, and some of the other mer chants, sagaciously reached out for the Philip pine agencies of the new inventions, as these happened to come along; and these merchants became, as they remain, the great advertising patrons of the newspapers. They are now shar ing this position only with the manufacturers who resort to more direct distribution through Manila agencies of their own. Another paper in this series on Your News paper will appear in the December issue. Aside from being one of the richest sources of antique furniture, much of it of genuine old mission design and much of it of a unique type, in Manila, the Philippines offer the buyer the best of modern hardwood furniture. If desired, this furniture will be made to order according to any design the buyer wishes. The crafts manship is unsurpassed. The Philippines manufacture, by hand, of course, the world’s best straw hats, obtaining the straw from the midrib of the fronds of the buri palm. Wholesale shipments can be arranged for through the Journal, which will put the customer in touch with a responsible dealer. The wholesale value of native beef cattle annually marketed in Manila amounts to Pl,500,000. If you wish to buy rattan furniture, buy the world’s best quality in Manila. This city is now manufacturing bark-side rattan furniture which is practically indestructible. The workmen are all trained craftsmen, the product genuine throughout. Find the shops that have this type of furniture, the other type is destructible.. Truth The truth is such a precious thing One never should abuse it; One should be careful never to Promiscuously use it. So therefore, ordinarily Employ some neat evasions, And save the precious, perfect truth For use on state occasions. —A. E. Macdonald, in Life. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 8 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL November, 1929 The Miracle of Negro Spirituals By James Weldon Johnson The Spirituals are purely and solely the creation of the American Negro. And their pro duction, although seem ingly miraculous, can be accounted for naturally. The Negro brought with him from Africa his native musical instinct and talent—and that was no small endowment to begin with. In comparing the Spiritual with African folk song, we note the significant fact that both are sung in harmony, and all other folk songs except those of Hungary are expressed in unison. The Spiritual is sung by a leader and answered by a chorus, as in African folk songs. Generally speaking, the European concept of music is melody, and the African concept is rhythm. In this respect the African music is beyond compa rison with any other music in the world. The syncopated rhythm of the African drumbeat is amazing in its wealth of detail. It has a share in one of the best known musical rhythms— that of the Habanera, which is simply a combina tion of Spanish melody and African rhythm. What was it which led the Spirituals to rise above the base of primitive African rhythms and go a step in advance of African music through a higher development of harmony? Why did not the Negro in America revive and continue the beating out of complex rhythm on tomtoms and drums while he uttered barbaric and martial cries? It was because, at the precise and psy chic moment, there was blown through or fused into the vestiges of his African music the spirit of Christianity, as he knew Christianity. At the psychic moment, there was at hand the precise religion for the condition in which he found himself thrust. Far from his native land and customs, despised by those among whom he lived, experiencing the pangs of the separation of loved ones, knowing the hard lot of the slave, the Negro seized Christianity, the religion of compensations in the life to come for the ills suffered in the present existence, the religion that implied hope for the next world. The result was a body of songs voicing all the cardinal virtues of Christianity—patience— forbearance—love—faith and hope—through a necessarily modified form of primitive African music. The Negro took complete refuge in Christianity, and the Spirituals were literally forged of sorrow in the heat of religious fervor. It is not possible to estimate the sustaining influence that the story of the trials and tribula tions of the Jews, as related in. the Old Testa ment, exerted upon the Negro.’ This story at once caught and fired the imaginations of the Negro bards, and they sang their hungry listemers into a firm faith that, as God saved Daniel in the lions’ den, so would He save them; as God preserved the Hebrew children in the fiery furnace, so He would preserve them; as God del ivered Israel out of bondage in Egypt, so He would deliver them. Thus it was by sheer spiritual forces that African chants were metamorphosed into the Spirituals; that, upon the fundamental throbs of African rhythms, were reared those reaches of melody that rise above earth and soar into the pure, ethereal blue. And this is the miracle of the creation of the Spirituals. How, it may be asked, were the Spirituals composed? Were they the spontaneous outburst of a group, or the work of talented song makers? In the old days there was a definitely recog nized order of bards, and to some degree it still exists. These bards gained their recognition by achievement. They were makers of songs and leaders of singing. They had to possess talents; a gift of melody, a strong voice, a good memory and a talent for poetry. There xyas, at least, one leader of singing in every congrega tion, but makers of songs were less common. My memory of childhood goes back to a great leader of singing, "Ma” White, and a maker of songs, “Singing” Johnson. “Ma" White was an excellent laundress and a busy woman, but each church meeting found her in her place ready to lead the singing. And, even as a child, my joy in hearing her sing Spirituals was deep and full. One of her duties was to “sing down” a long-winded speaker, and even to cut short a prayer of undue length by raising a song. “Singing” Johnson’s only business was sing ing. He went about from place to place singing his way. He composed songs and his congrega tion joined in his singing vzith antiphonal re sponses. He was a great judge of the approHere’s how to get Manilas! Genuine Manila Hand Made Long Filler Cigars are obtainable in your city or nearby! List of Distributors furnished upon request to— C. A. BOND Philippine Tobacco Agent: 15 Williams St. New York City or Collector of Internal Revenue Manila, P. I. Manilas will satisfy your taste! priate song for any service and could come to the preacher’s support with a line or two of song, after a climax in the sermon. A study of the Spirituals leads one to the belief that the earlier ones were built upon the form so common to African songs—leading lines and responses. Most of the Spirituals and some of the most beautiful slave songs are cast in this simple form. One of these is “Swing Low, Sweet Chariot.” But as the American Negro developed melody and harmony, he also went a step beyond in the development of form. The lead and responses are still retained but the response is developed into a true chorus. In a number of songs there are leads, a response and a chorus. In this class of songs the chorus is dominating and comes first, as in “Steal Away to Jesus.” In this song the congregation begins with the chorus, singing it in part harmony. In a few songs this development is carried to a point where the form becomes almost purely choral, as in “Deep River” and “Walk Together Children.” Carl Van Vechten has declared that wdiite singers cannot sing Spirituals. I agree that white singers are, naturally, prone to go to either of two extremes: to sing them as if they are mere “art” songs, or to assume a “Negro unctuous ness” that is obviously false, and painfully so. I think that white concert singers can sing Spiri tuals—if they feel them. And if Negro singers do not feel them, they also fail. Through the supreme artistry of Roland Hayes, these songs are transfigured and we are transported. By a seemingly opposite method, through sheer simplicity and adherence to prim itive traditions, Paul Robeson achieves substan tially the same effect. The essential that these two singers have in common is that both feel the Spirituals deeply. Mr. Hayes, notwith standing all his artistry, sings these songs with tears on his cheeks. It is not, however, as solo singing that we should think of Spirituals, it is rather as com munal music, singing in harmony. The harmon ization of the Spirituals by the folk group in sing ing them distinguished them among the folk songs of the world. It is only natural that Spirituals should be sung in harmony, for the Negro’s musical soul expresses itself instinctively in the communal spirit and in rich and varied har monies. Of the words of the Spirituals not so much, of course, can be said as of the music. Both the Negro bard and his fellow singers worked under mental limitations that handicapped them. Many of the lines of the Spirituals are trite, and there is monotonous repetition. But there is an appealing simplicity—and in some of the Spirituals, real poetry, the naive poetry of a primitive race—From the Readers Digest. That’s Stimson ’Em Some! Skipper Sam Pinch On the thirteenth of June rose an awful typhoon Off the southernmost coast-line of Sulu, Inky-black was the sky, waves a hundred feet high As a storm it was truly a lulu. But our Skipper, Sam Pinch, didn’t waver or flinch He remained at his post, never paling, Let the mountainous seas rise as high as they please. He kept to the course he was sailing. For his courage was stout, not a flicker of doubt Seemed to trouble or fret or delay him, All the storms they could boast off the Philippine coast Never seemed to disturb or delay him. Many good ships were wrecked in that gale, I expect, For the fury of Hades was in it, But Sam Pinch remained cool as was always his rule, And he brought us to port—on the minute. Let the wild tempests roar off the Philippine shore, There was never a one that could faze him, Let the typhoons arise in the tropical skies The worst of the lot wouldn’t daze him. Would our Skipper, Sam Pinch, either waver or flinch, Would he shake, would he quake, would he quiver, i When it’s ten thousand miles from the Philippine Isles To his boat on the Chesapeake River? —Berton Braley, in Life. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL November, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 9 Traveling Through Soviet Siberia By B. SKOU The author is the Philippine representative of Paike, Davis & Company, manufac turing druggists, and he and his sister have but recently returned to Manila, via Siberia, from a vacation in America and Europe. Mr. Skou’s are the latest data available on traveling through Russia.—Ed. “It can’t be done, on account of the war,” they told me in Europe when I expressed my desire to return to the Philippines by way of Siberia. “Reserve passage,” they said, “via Suez, at once. The boats will be overcrowded.” This time it was our London office speaking; I had arrived there from New York when the Chinese-Rus sian conflict over the Man churian railway was reported to have grown serious. I had returned to Manila from Europe twice by the Suez route. Wishing to vary the monotony if possible, I clung to the idea of Siberia and made no steamer reser vation. At least I should have a visit with my people in Denmark before deciding, I thought, and so put the matter off. In Denmark I spent four delightful weeks living the simple life of a European peas ant, on my father’s little farm. On the farm I made a dis covery which may interest other persons of northern blood who have been living long in the tropics. It is possible to readjust one’s self to the climate of the north by manual labor. Stay away from the stove, and keep warm by working. Circula tion, breathing and endurance will daily improve. The mus cles will harden, and the chilly air become pleasant. Danish newspapers, when I was there, re corded terrible happenings in Siberia; everyone told my sister and me that Red Russia was bad enough to get through in time of peace, and impossible in time of war. But in the face of all this discouragement we went to Hamburg to inquire. No, it was not possible to go by rail all the way to Shanghai, as usual; we could only go to Vladivostok, first class, for 800 marks per ticket. A Japanese steamer connected with the train, and from Japan it would be easy to get trans BECOMING GLASSES that merely correct the eyesight ¥nly serve half of their purpose. To be truly “better glasses” they must fit the features too; in other words, they must add to the personality and not detract from it. CLARK & COMPANY “better glasses” satisfy their wearers on both these points. Always the best in quality hut never higher in price portation to Manila. It was necessary to get Polish, Russian and Japanese vises on our pass ports, the Russian vises we were two days in getting and they cost $11 each. Two trains leave Berlin each week for Moscow. We left Berlin 36 hours ahead of time in order B. Skou, author of the accompanying travel notes, regaining health on his father’s farm in Denmark to visit Warsaw, Poland. The city is a disap pointment, but Polski food is the best I have eaten anywhere and is cheap. After a fright fully dusty day’s travel from Warsaw, we arrived at the Russian frontier, the town of Niegoreloje, at dusk. Baggage was examined with varying thoroughness; the foreign money of some of the passengers was counted, and the passengers received certificates allowing them to take it out of the country. Others were asked if they had any Russian money, which it is unlawful to bring into Russia. Cameras are allowed, but must not be used at railway stations except in Moscow. Every body changed money at the government ex change at the official rate, one ruble, ninety kopeks per dollar. The government keeps the rate up artificially, the present value of a ruble being not more than 20 cents. We had no trouble whatever in getting over the border. The sleeping cars were a surprise to us. Noth ing more elegant or comfortable could be ex pected, but possibly the Soviet government had merely requisitioned them from their rightful owners at the time of the revolution. The roadbed was as uneven as it could possibly be. The train made the 9,328 kilometers to Vladi vostok in nine days and 22 hours, an average of 39 kilometers per hour. We ran down two cows, also a herd of sheep of which we left five dead. Two cars broke down en route; one was repaired, the other left behind. Passengers from the abandoned car were crowded into the others still in the train. A young German was billeted in the compart ment of an American mis sionary lady, and both had to make the best of it. On an earlier train a Russian woman had to share the compartment of a German for several days. It is the custom of the country, it seems, and perfectly all right, but the victims of these invo luntary companionships have to stand considerable razzing from their fellow-passengers. Dinner on the train cost 1.75 rubles. It consisted of a gen erous portion of soup, usually cabbage soup, with a big piece of boiled meat in it; fish, gen erally sturgeon; meat, and des sert, generally stewed fruit of inferior quality. In Russia a huge plate of sour rye bread, and in Siberia graham bread, the slices cut more than an inch thick, was on the table. The meals were wholesome and substantial. The train stopped several times daily from 5 to 20 minutes at stations where boiling water could always be had free of charge; and every body bought teapots and brewed their own tea on the whole trip. There were restaurants, such as they were, at the bigger stations, and stores where a few of the absolute necessities of life could be purchased through a small window. In the Ural mountains semiprecious stones and ingenious birchwood pieces were also for sale, sometimes cheap, sometimes at a high price. Most of the Russia we passed through is as flat as a pancake. Siberia is more mountainous. Few trees other than birches and conifers are seen. In central Siberia the birches were turning yellow from the night frost—-around September 10. A huge valley was flooded and innumerable stacks of hay stood in a foot of water. Distress will reign there this winter. In Siberia the people seemed better dressed and more intelligent than in Russia proper; crowds were often at the stations, sitting or standing quietly and showing no animation. There were few smiling faces. Many of the men were in long boots, while some of the women were barefoot; in Russia, clumsy shoes made from straw were common and furs were in evi dence everywhere. We spent three hours in Moscow, with a guide; had lunch in a workers’ restaurant and strolled around the Kremlin, within which the Central Government carries on. We visited the fantas tic church of Ivan the Terrible, with its nine spires—each a small chapel. When it was finished, Ivan asked his Italian architect if he could duplicate it or possibly make a better one. On being answered in the affirmative, Ivan had the man’s eyes put out to make sure the church he had just finished should be his masterpiece. We were fortunate in reaching the Church of the Redeemer at noon, for we heard the wonderful (Please turn to page 11, col. 3) IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 10 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL November, 1929 QUITE GOOD The forecast of proposed legislation, which will have been acted upon prior to publication of this month’s Journal, seems not so bad; a number of bills designed to be helpful are listed, though not many bills altogether. Again, however, there has been criticism of the legislature for idling its time away and, as editors say, not doing anything. We would mildly differ from this view, counting that legislature best which attended to the budget and did little or nothing more than while away its remaining days in harm less discussion. For it may not be too often mentioned that too many laws, not too few, are likely to be the bane of representative governments, ours included. Thus we are to have some laws this year which we do not need; indeed, the Philippines are very old and w’ith their customary prac tices well established they need little new law. It is observed that a court of appeals is being established, wljen the more effective thing to have done was to provide enough supreme-court justices to keep three divisions of that court going, instead of two. The islands will not escape without other objectionable law. But there is some good law. While it seems that the more the banking laws are tampered with, the worse the banking situation becomes, ap parently the Schwultz .amendments are to be passed; and maybe they will be beneficial or do no harm. Correcting obvious defects of the marriage law is all right; providing that children shall not be born in prison is humane; extending the provincial government act over more provinces of Mindanao and Sulu accords with the inevitable, we suppose; and finally, the several bills creating more jobs are not surprising. When the record is available next month for exam ination, possibly unusually commendatory things will appear in it. Irri tating as the situation often is, we are yet of the opinion that an expert would be astonished at the moderation of our legislature, not its excesses, given the frequency and duration of its sessions. Forty-three States of the United States have only biennial sessions; one, Alabama, has quadren nial sessions; thirty-one limit the biennial sessions and none extends, as does ours, to one hundred days, the limit commonly not exceeding two months. There are other vital contrasts, none favorable to the Philip pines from the viewpoint of the public weal; in annual sessions of a hundred days, excluding holidays, it is impossible for any leader to keep the energies of the members all harmlessly wasted, and comparative success in doing so is the utmost that may be expected. IT’S WELL TO REMEMBER Has any State in the United States greater crop diversification than the Philippines have? We think of none, though all of them have larger immediate markets and much better marketing arrangements which they are constantly improving more rapidly than we are ours. Seemingly, however, when a demand for a Philippine product develops there are people who will produce it. Within the last few years, if anyone has been noticing, activity in other industries, principally sugar, and the prosperity which now seems to have subsided in copra and Manila hemp, created an unusual domestic demand for rice and the growers of that product rose as best they could to the occasion. One year with another our imports of rice have been enormously reduced, the farmers working against odds all the time. If there be a desire to encourage the rice industry, an official condemnation of certain bureau executives and public prosecutors who affect to see col usión behind every rising rice market would be timely and helpful; for there is more likely to be collusion when prices are falling, as they are now. The official statement might well include the fact, if it be one, that the government is pleased when growers have prospects of good prices, and that no embargo will be laid against the crop. That an embargo was once imposed, every grower still keenly recalls. Turning to rubber, of which there is much talk of an idle nature, we shall not have it here in quantity until the big users of it are allowed large tracts upon which to grow it. Who wishes to grow such a speculative crop which has oscillated in price between three pence and forty pence during brief periods, when he can as readily grow copra and hemp? Even sugar is less speculative than rubber. The man who will grow it here is the man who needs large quantities of it, as we have said before and now apologize for repeating; and he will grow it as a bulwark against market fluctuations, rigged deliveries and the other vicissitudes of the trade. It would be well, harm no one, to let him do so; it is a risk which he alone will assume, doing so with eyes open, to minimize other risks (to him) which are graver factors in his business. It would seem easy to articulate this condition with general policy, but, regrettably, the reverse seems to be true. HEADLINES Most of the top-head news of the month has been, in our opinion, misleading. It has provoked anxiety, embarrassed leadership and general ly wrought mischief. It is often hard for us to keep in time with the front page in Manila; the present is one such occasion. The tune is too jazzy for us, what with every man Jack that wishes blowing his own horn at the cost of these islands. Fortunately, the tune is an old one and the public used to it; this has lessened the harm that might have been caused. The senate is engaged in attempting to make a tariff, not a Philippine enabling act, or something even more out of the question. Is it thoroughly ethical, then, because, say, one news service would popularize itself to the detri ment of another, to run round Washington getting off-hand opinions of this senator and that one on the Philippines, to be flashed out here for general broadcasting? The King-resolution vote is the palpable excuse for far more than was genuine news. But advantage may be taken of the ill effects now being experienced. Who gets panicky and sacrifices, will lose, and who keeps cool and picks up the legitimate bargains the scared chap lets go, will win. The trend will be upward as soon as Manila hemp starts moving; it has slumped steadily for ten months, may go lower before it goes higher, but eventually it will turn and back will come brisker markets. It is better to know how hemp is selling than to report what senators say they are thinking. After all, the senators may be spoofing, while the largest hemp crop ever produced and the most puzzling market are very tangible realities. NO-MAN NEEDED Someone suggests that the administration needs a common-sense no-man. We endorse the suggestion. His business should be to counsel the various executive functionaries as to the wise thing to do, in contras^ to the extreme legalistic thing. He would be a buffer between officials ambitious for their bureaus and the public jealous of its purse. He would be a peace-keeper. Take the sales tax, a good example. While it is generally objection able, there is need for the revenue and the chiefest complaints arise from its application in extreme cases (which the law may tolerate but never contemplated), such as levying it upon the product of a factory making goods here which are only shipped, not sold, to the owners in America, the factory being a branch of their business. Before the tax was imposed in such cases a no-man should have said, “Maybe you can do this, maybe you can get away with it; but don’t, it isn’t the right thing to do.” Other instances suggest themselves, such as those interposed between dealers here and a legitimate chance to submit bids for furnishing the government supplies. A no-man’s attention would sometimes be drawn to the provinces. For instance, the Malogo bridge in northern Negros might interest him because tolls ruinous to the land-transportation business in the province are being charged there. While the public-works bureau finds excuse in the law, the transportation companies are drained of income which ought to go into new equipment and improvement of the service to the public. The tolls are too high, documentary evidence shows. The bridge cost about f*60,000, which the law would have liquidated by the tolls during five years; but the tolls run to P4,000 a month, P48,000, 80% of the bridge’s cost, in one year. A no-man should say, “Fix this now. Even if you can charge such tolls, don’t do it.” One can see that with such a man at work the administration should soon find the public more generally pleased; and the treasury would be foregoing no revenue it really ought to collect. What, in the last analysis, has distinguished particularly Andrew Mellon as Federal-treasury secretary? His gifts as a no-man, nothing else. He has been too extreme about the tariff, imperfect in other directions, but with a good sense of balance as an exciseman. There is a place for a no-man here. November, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 11 A Reporter’s Probe of Lands Bureau By Frank W. Sherman The Journal wishes to make special note of a series of ten articles by Frank W. Sherman in the Manila Daily Bulletin probing the situation in the lands bureau. The articles, from which brief quotation will be made here, are now out in pamphlet form at 50 centavos the copy. They are a good piece of newspaper reporting. While all of Sherman’s findings may not be as accurate as many of them are, essentially they reveal the truth—and the truth seems to invite practical remedies.—Ed. Just 10 years ago the land laws now in force in the Philippine Islands went into effect. At the time the law was passed there was need for amendments, but the amendments that were made certainly failed to serve their purpose. The law which existed before 1919 was based on principles adapted to Anglo-Saxon needs. The same law worked ideally in the United States, Canada, Australia and other countries. It would have worked the same way in the Phil ippine Islands had it not been for the fact that political leaders desired to make party issues of it. The Anglo-Saxon ideals were discarded when the law was amended to accommodate politics. The power was taken from the statutes of the Islands and transferred to the director of lands and his advisors. Following the passage of the new law, a set of regulations was drawn up by the director of lands. These allowed the director the power to “limit and de-limit, add and take away, change, cancel, approve and disapprove” all applications received by him at his discretion. With this arbitrary power there seems to have developed in the bureau of lands an idea that the bureau exists to prevent persons from settling on public lands. Instead of the idle lands being turned into productive areas they are “protected” for the future good of the country. Despite the care that is taken to comply with every letter of the law, all classes of people have been disappointed when they have tried to get anything worth while in public lands. The “tao,” who has nothing to lose, finds it just as hard as the company with capital that is anxious to really develop a piece of property and make it productive. This is all due to the fact that the land law of 1919, with the regulations that followed it, has an interchangeable interpretation, depending upon the will of the director. No one has any assurance of gaining anything under the present “letter and spirit” system. Any person may go to the bureau of lands to day and apply for a tract of 1,024 hectares of public land. The history of this case will be the same as that of any other. The career of this applicant first will be investigated. The ap plicant will be asked to deposit survey fees of approximately P650 plus the annual rent, not less than Pl,024, plus the annual land tax of approximately P2,048. The applicant agrees that he will apply a certain amount, say P500 to Pl,000, annually on the development of this tract. So far so good. If this applicant is the aver age one, however, he will soon receive a personal letter from the director of lands. The letter will inform him that if he can show P50,000 in cash he will be allowed to acquire the property. If he does not have it, he is out of luck. The sending of this letter is one of the discre tionary actions of the director of lands. There have been those who have not received them. In bringing to a close this series of 10 articles on the bureau of lands, the writer takes this opportunity to express his appreciation for the response the articles have so far received. Comment on the series has not been all favor able. It was not expected that it would be. It is impossible to discuss a question so popular as this has proved to l^e without stepping on the toes of some people. So long as no misstate ments have been made, the writer offers no apo logy to those who consider themselves offended. In many instances these articles have failed to touch fairly, perhaps, on both sides of the question. This may be explained in the fact that the series was intended as an expose of the unwise methods employed in dealing with and administering the public domain, with a view of offering some suggestions for changes for the better. It is not a question of assisting some individual or group of individuals who have had the mis fortune of having to deal with the bureau of lands and who have had personal experience with the many flaws of the system in vogue. It is a question which involves the future of the Philippine Islands, insofar as economic independ ence is concerned. r So long as the citizens of these Islands are discouraged by the slow, tedious and expensive method of obtaining land, just that long will the Frank W. Sherman Islands be dependent economically. If the country is going to advance, its greatest resource, agriculture, must be developed. The greater the development the greater the advance. In the past 15 years only about one-third of the applications made by homesteaders have been acted upon and settled. That is, no titles have yet been issued for two-thirds of the land applied for since 1915. This fact makes poor statistics to put into the hands of congressmen in Washington who may some day be called upon to decide the future status of the Philip pines. Better conditions have existed in the Philip pines. In the early days of American occupa tion there were many successful homesteaders. The waste lands of central Luzon were settled only 20 years ago. Filipinos were the settlers, and their only capital was brawn. But politics and the bureau of lands have not mixed well. The common Filipino who once would have staked everything to contribute his share towards the development of the Islands by homesteading public lands has lost all confidence in any bureaucrat. Aware of the experiences of others, the aver age person now prefers to “buy” public land, settle it, improve it, and take as much from it as he can. Later, when the land becomes valu able, the bureau of lands can bring this settler JACOB LEVY PHILIPPINE HATS Buntals Bamboos Calasiaos Balibuntals Correspondence Solicited 227 Calle David Manila, P. I. Cable Address: “TEXTILES’* into court and let the law determine who is the owner. The settler is allowed first choice of taking up the land. If he is without funds and fails he is allowed the value of his improvements from those who bid against him. After all, considering the present state of affairs, this seems to be less expensive and more sure, for once the settler signs any form from the bureau of lands he is utterly at the mercy of the “limit and de-limit” regulations of the bureau— the discretion of the director has not always proved to be good. It is useless at this time to say more about the bureau of lands and the system of land registra tion lest one gets further entangled in the na tional pastime—words without deeds. If there is an honest desire for economic independence and a healthy development of the Philippines, legislative and executive action will follow. This action will not stop with a lands committee or frivolous amendments to the land laws. It will be so deeply seated that it will pull up the roots of evils planted by over-ambitious persons years ago. Through Soviet Siberia (Continued from page 9) choir-singing which in Russia takes the place of organ music. The paintings are of the finest, especially that of Joseph and the Child, inside the massive dome. From the top of the church we saw the hill where Napoleon stood and watch ed the burning of the city; it was to commemo rate his retreat that the church was erected. A view of Moscow with its many churches and the Kremlin is strongly suggestive of the magic cities described in the Arabian Nights. There is nothing like it; the desire to see it again will haunt one a lifetime. Contrasting with the splendors of the past is the shabby, ragged population—the unspeakably decrepit carriages, the rattling old taxies, the streets paved only with rough cobblestones, and the general lack of repair in everything. A few public buildings are going up and a few streets are being asphalted. Provincial towns have Moscow’s shabbiness with little or none of its grandeur. The houses are mostly built of logs and are unpainted. There are no gardens and no flowers in the windows; the streets are clouds of dust when dry and pools of mud when wet. Some of the fields around the villages were so full of weeds that only portions of them had not been harvested. The Russian government—communism? If anyone believes it in fact the ideal it is theoret ically, let him go to Russia and see its practical results. He will see a blighted people—the most miserable of all the white races. I had never been in Russia before, and was there less than two weeks, but it is plain to see that though the country has rallied somewhat from the depths to which it sank during the revolution, it is still far below the pre-re volution standards. It is still drawing upon the meager reserves left from that period in order to keep going at all. The upper and middle classes have been destroyed, only the working class has benefited. The peasants, the backbone of the Russian people, are worse off than ever. The taxing IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 12 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL November, 1929 power is used for the ulterior ends of state; I was told that if a peasant has more than one horse or more than one cow, he is forced, by taxation, to dispose of the surplus animals. His surplus grain is requisitioned by the state; he has no hope of owning the fields he cultivates and satisfy ing his hunger for land. Bank deposits are encouraged, but depositors may only make withdrawals to satisfy pressing GOODRICH BUYS HOOD RUBBER CO. Union of Companies to Make Goodrich Foot wear Leader.—Acquisition of the property, assets and business of the Hood Rubber Com pany at Watertown, Mass., by the B. F. Good rich Rubber Company of Akron, as ratified the last week in August by Hood stockholders and directors, brings together two of the pioneer rubber companies of America, effects one of the most important mergers in the entire history of the rubber and tire industry, and makes Good rich one of the world’s largest manufacturers of rubber footwear as well as a figure more con spicuous than heretofore in the production of tires and other rubber commodities. The consolidation brings a well earned respite to one of the industry’s pioneer and prominent figures—Frederic C. Hood, the founder and president of the Hood Company and one of the founders of the original Rubber Club of America, parent organization of the present Rubber Manufacturers’ Association. Founded in 1896 the Hood Rubber Company has multiplied its factory capacity thirty times, has become the outstanding corporation in the rubber industry in New England and has the largest single rubber footwear factory in the world. The present Hood properties at Watertown, as acquired by Goodrich, include 96 acres of land, more than 60 factory buildings with a combined floor space of nearly 50 acres, one of the largest rubber chemical and research laboratories in the industry and production facilities for the daily manufacture of nearly 100,000 pairs of footwar, 3,600 pneumatic tires and 7,000 tubes, needs, such as those of illness. It is too bad that communism should have been experimented with upon such a gigantic scale; it is to be hoped that very soon Russia will discover what truth it may contain and be able to discard its errors. Passing from Siberia into Japan is like coming out of a desert into a garden, or turning from a land of decay and lost hope to one of life and opportunity. 150 solid tires, 50,000 pairs of rubber heels and 15,000 pairs of rubber soles. The consolidation gives Goodrich an annual sales volume exceeding $175,000,000 annually. Hood sales in 1928 were approximately $30,000,000 while those of Goodrich were nearly $150,000,000. It also makes Goodrich an outstanding figure in the rubber footwear business, adding production facilities for nearly 100,000 pairs daily to the Goodrich footwear plant in Akron with its capacity of nearly 25,000 pairs daily. In connection with its expansion program Goodrich has made numerous important changes in executive personnel. President J. D. Tew has announced the appointment of J. H. Con nors, former president of the Republic Rubber Company at Youngstown, as general manager of the Goodrich mechanical division, in charge of manufacturing and sales. First Vice-President T. G. Graham is assigned additional duties as he takes over complete management of the manufacturing and sales of tire division, and in addition continues in charge of the health and production control departments. T. B. Farrington, in charge of the factory service division, in addition assumes charge of processing and machine development work. President Tew retains control over the research laboratory and original equipment divisions, with J. W. Schade head of the laboratory and H. C. Miller in charge of original equipment, reporting direct to him. Total assets of the Hood Company last De cember 31 were $34,080,750 and current assets were $21,743,000. Current liabilities were $4,041,270. Net working capital was $14,917,280. At the close of 1928 Hood showed an operating loss of $29,797 and a total loss of $1,478,104 this loss consisting principally of crude rubber inventory reductions. Goodrich in 1928 showed an operating profit of $9,014,360. Its total assets on Dec. 31, 1928, were $117,071,002 and its current assets exceeded by $53,000,000 its current liabilities of $13,250,000. Hood officers include Frederic C. Hood, president; H. Gagefirst, vice-president; A. B. Newhall, vice-pres ident; Donald T. Hood, treasurer. Good pro duction activities will be continued as in the past, with the entire Hood factory operating as a separate unit, Goodrich officials announce. Mr. Hood on August 20 issued the following statement to Hood tire dealers: “Despite persistent rumors to the contrary, Hood tires of the same high quality, are and will be available to you through regular shipping points, under our regular contracts. The alliance of this Company with the B. F. Good rich Rubber Company, one of the oldest and most reliable companies in the industry and known for its quality products for years, will give to the makers of the tires you are selling the benefit of the knowledge and experience of the producers of the famous Silvertown Cord, and is your assurance that you may continue to sell and recommend Hood tires as usual without hesitation.” _____ I often think a sculptor is A very lucky cuss; Who never need to dread demise Like all the rest of us. For when he sees his end draw nigh— As soon or late it must—• The bounder, all he has to do Is make a face and bust! My lover makes me wretched On the level; He takes my heart and tw’ists it—• He’s a devil. I’m never sure he’s faithful—■ Well, what of it? At least he keeps me guessing^And I love it! THE WHITE EMPRESS OF THE PACIFIC EMPRESS OF ASIA EMPRESS OF FRANCE EMPRESS OF RUSSIA 16900 tons 18400 tons 16800 tons To CANADA, UNITED STATES and EUROPE QUICKEST TIME ACROSS THE PACIFIC CANADIAN PACIFIC STEAMSHIPS 14-16 CALLE DAVID MANILA, P. I IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL November, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 13 Spanish Scholar Talks on Talkies The talkies keep rollin’ along like ol’ man river, and in the Philippines when they are installed in our high schools will be the first practical substitute for the 900 American tea chers who were at one time engaged in teaching and supervising teaching in the public schools. Corroboration of the Journal’s view comes from all points of the compass, and is in happy evidence in all talkie theaters in Manila. Being about to quote from The Language of the Future, by C. Villalobos Dominguez, of Buenos Aires, translated in The Living Age, we would invite attention to the fortunate situation of the Philip pines, above that of most regions of the world, in having as every-day languages English and Spanish, the two picked upon by Sr. Dominguez as destined to the widest survival. Turning to those languages which are truly Occidental and which are spoken by highly cultured peoples, I see no reason to expect any expansion of German, French, Italian, Danish, and the other languages which are spoken by relatively few people living in relatively small areas. I therefore arrive at the conclusion (as others have before me) that only English and Spanish have any likelihood of overcoming the others in the struggle. The reason is that both English and Spanish are in the direct line of descent from the traditions of Greco-Latin culture (a requirement which alone would be enough to exclude German), and for the present, at least, they have the advantage over all others in that they are spoken over very large and scattered territories which not only are well populated to-day but give every evidence of a rapid growth in populations of unmixed race. And, most important of all, both are spoken on the American continents. 1 ‘Everything points to the ultimate predom inance of English. The motion picture, for instance, was invented in France; but, because the United States was better equipped to exploit it, the Americans have assumed a quasi monópoly of this powerful means for diffusing ideas. The result is that the screen has already had a tre mendous influence in familiarizing the whole world with the products of Yankee civilization, in so far as photography and pantomime can While waiting for the islands to grasp the boon the talkies are to them, we should like to know from Manila theater managers when some or all of the following are to be exhibited in the city: On With the Show: A big girl-and-music talkie, all in natural colors and with a surprisingly liberal amount of plot/ com edy and real eye-appeal. Well worth your while. Drag: Richard Barthelmess and Lila Lee in an all-talkie that will keep you interested and amused from beginning to end. An unusual picture. The Valiant: It will make you cry, and it’s probably just hokum, but you should see Paul Muni’s splendid per formance in a very ticklish role. They are recommended by A. M. Sher wood, Jr., movie critic of the Outlook and Independent. He knows good ones when he sees/hears ’em.—Ed. perform this task. And now the Americans have invented talking motion pictures, a develop ment which is of tremendous importance, since it enormously increases the possibilities of the theatre both as a means of entertainment and as a means of spreading ideas. This new device makes it impossible to send the same films all over the world merely by translating the captions. Sound pictures which are not merely musical must be produced in a single language, and this language must be understood by anyone who wishes to enjoy the pictures. It is in the En glish-language countries that the best and most elaborate pictures can be made, and it is there that the biggest audiences are found. Neces sarily, talking films produced in any other language will be less good. Thus an Argentine, Peruvian, French, German, or Spanish motion picture fan who wishes to enjoy the best films must learn English. “Can a more powerful weapon for the spread of a language be imagined? Can any reasonable person see any force which can oppose it? And since, moreover, the various phases of culture are interlinked, the more people there are who know English, the more books and periodicals printed in English will be read, the more op portunity there will be for those who write in English, the more advertisements will be written in English, the more products of the Englishspeaking peoples will be bought, and so on. “It is already apparent that forced develop ment of local dialects is reactionary, dangerous, and vain, and the time will soon come when it will be equally dangerous for the general good to attempt to maintain national languages by artificial means. In some respects, there are al ready obvious evidences of an attempt toward internationalization, such as the steady sub stitution of Roman characters for Gothic char actersand Japanese ideograms, and the adoption of so-called Arabic numerals in Turkey. These changes are largely the result of the development of the typewriter. “I am not trying to make predictions, but merely attempting to analyze a problem which exists and to draw the logical conclusions from this analysis. Possibly new or unforeseen forces will providentially arise; but it is wise not to put YOUR LOGGING PROBLEM can be solved readily by some type of IF YOU BUY TIRES ON FACTS... YOU WILL BUY Here are the facts: WASHINGTON LOGGING ENGINE The Washington Simplex Yarder above leads all Yarders in ease of operation and low cost of upkeep. Washington Iron Works, Seattle, U. S. A. Agents for the Philippine Islands The Edward J. Nell Co., Ltd.,—Manila. WAS HINCTON ENGINES 45,000 CRAFTSMEN backed by 40 YEARS’ EXPERIENCE financed with $195,000,000 RESOURCES annually using the rubber from 55 MILLION TREES and the best cotton from 160,000 ACRES to make tires so good that 26 MILLION DUNLOPS ARE NOW RUNNING IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 14 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL November, 1929 too much faith in a miraculous Providence when one is attempting to study the march of events. ‘‘One thing is certain: the smaller languages and dialects will die off more and more quickly. The time has passed when a ridge of mountains, a river, or a valley can separate two towns and permit their inhabitants to speak different dia lects. It was in that way that provincial Latin degenerated into the various Romance languages. To-day, however, steam navigation, printing, railroads, postal and telegraphic service are enough to accentuate or maintain uniformity of language within each nation and within its Useful Plants in Foreign Lands By P. J. Wester This is the third article in a series on this sub ject by Mr. Wester. The next will appear in an early issue.—Ed. Rice, the most important crop in the Philip pines, is probably a native of India or Indo China, whence it has spread to all countries suited to its cultivation and has become one of the food staples of the world. It was firmly established in Babylonia some time before Alexander made it a part of his empire, accord ing to Delandolle, and reached Syria about the beginning of the Christian Era. Thence it spread to Egypt, and finally reached Italy in 1468. Long before the Arabs had carried it into the Iberian peninsula. Prior to the close of the seventeenth century it was already established in the New World (in South Carolina). When and by whom rice was introduced into the Philippines will always remain unknown. Since it was in cultivation in China more than 2800 years B. C., we may be sure that it is also of very ancient introduction into the Philippines, where it has become the most important crop as well as the staff of life of the people. With an area of 1,785,000 hectares planted to rice, yield ing 2,200,000 metric tons, valued at P183,300,000 in 1928, this is about as strong an argument in favor of plant introduction as I know of. I am colonies or within the colonies which it once held. This process by which many local dialects fuse into a single language which for one reason or another reaches a position of preeminence and becomes the national language will tend to repeat itself in the broader field of world languages. For the means of communication mentioned above are now augmented by aviation, motion pictures, and the wireless telephone, and not only do rivers and valleys offer no obstacles to communication, but even the highest mountain ranges and the broadest oceans have been over come.” the last to begrudge the unknown soldier his monument, but what of the unknown human benefactors who have helped to carry" rice around the world? * The chayote is one of the latest examples of successful plant introduction into the Philip pines. About half a dozen fruits of this excel lent vegetable were received by the writer from the Office of Foreign Plant Introduction, Bureau of Plant Industry, U. S. Department of Agri culture, Washington, D.C., in 1920. As an insurance against accidents they were divided into two lots, one of which was sent to the forestry nursery in Baguio, while the other was mailed to James A. Wright, then the principal of the Trinidad agricultural school. Both' were successful in propagating the chayote, which now is common in Baguio and has already become disseminated to a considerable extent into other parts of the Philippines, and in time may be expected to become a standard vegetable wheréver it can be grown. Already it is being shipped from Baguio and marketed in Manila. The ordinary chayote does not thrive at sea level, and does the best at elevations above 450 meters. But a few months ago I received from O. W. Barrett in Porto Rico, four chayotes of a variety reported to do well at sea-level. From this material a plant has been raised in Manila that promises to become the progenitor of a new race that will grow in the hot low-lands. Aside from its value from the fruits it is believed that the chayote could be grown and used as an aspa ragus substitute. Other useful plants recommended for intro duction into the Philippines include the follow ing species: The oxiBASU, Euryale ferox, is an ornamental perennial spiny aquatic herb ranging from north ern India to China and Japan. It is closely related to the lotus and the water lily. The leaves are round, from 30 to more than 100 cm. across, dark green above and purplish and spiny beneath. The flowers are about 5 cm. across, and in color vary from red to blue and purple. The round fruit attains a diameter of from 5 to 10 cm., and contains 8 to 20 large seeds, some times as big as cherries, embedded in a fleshy pulp. These are gathered and roasted and eaten like those of the lotus. In China the onibasu is said to have been in cultivation for some 3000 years. It has been introduced into America and Europe, where it is grown as an ornamental. The swiss chard, Beta vulgaris cicla, is a biennial herb 50 cm. tall or more, probably derived from a plant found wild along the coasts of southern Europe. The leaves are large, dark green, tender, and fleshy, and make excellent spinach. The stalks are thick, fleshy and tender, and may be used as a substitute for asparagus. The chard has been introduced into the Philip pines, and it has been demonstrated that it thrives at all seasons, both at sea-level and in the mountain regions. As yet it is practically unknown, but is certain to be extensively culti vated as soon as it becomes better known. The seeds should be sown thinly in rows about 25 cm. apart, and thinned and transplanted to about 20 cm. apart in the row. Seeds may be purchased from most dealers in garden seeds, but are sold under various names, like Chard, Leaf Beet and Silver Beet. The i tono, Geitonoplesium cymosum, is a rather large leafy climber native of Eastern Australia Typically Philippine CHRISTMAS CARDS o th Built by Filipino Craftsmen f | 'HERE are HIKE models for every member of the family— quality shoes, yet moderately priced NE of Our exclusive Philip pine designs will give color to your greetings to the folks back home. We would suggest that you place your order for cards as early as possible so that we may print or engrave them for you carefully. Come in today and select a Philip pine design. There are HIKE Shoe Stores in most towns throughout the Philippines ¡ i Philippine Education Co., Inc. 101-103 Escolta HIKE SHOE FACTORY STYLE CREATORS 286 San Marcelino MANILA IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL November, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 15 from Victoria to Queensland. The leaves are linear to lanceolate-oblong. The small flowers are borne in loose terminal clusters,, followed by small dark blue fruits. The tender shoots make a fair substitute for asparagus, to which the itono is related. The jatoba, Hymenaea courbaril, is a large spreading tree, often 30 meters high, ranging throughout tropical America at low and medium altitudes. The leaves have two leaflets, oblique ly ovate to oblong, thick and leathery, up to 10 cm. long. The large flowers are whitish to purplish, and are followed by rough brown pods, 5 to 10 cm. long to 45 mm. broad, somewhat flattened, and contain usually 2 large seeds embedded in a dry mealy sweet edible pulp. The tiee does best in sandy loam. It yields excellent timber and is related to the ipil and narra. The pecego, Chytranthus manni, is a small tree of a palm-like aspect about 5 meters tall, a native of Angola and San Tomó in tropical West Africa below 700 meters altitude. The large pinnate leaves are 90 to 120 cm. long, with 5 to 7 pairs of leaflets 25 to 45 cm. long and 7 to 10 cm. broad. The leafstalk is often more than 30 cm. in length. The flowers are borne in dense oblong clusters growing from the old wood. The edible fruits are 3-lobed, shorter than broad, about 5 cm. across, with a wrinkled leathery reddish-brown shell. It is related to the Chinese litchi. The oity-coro, Couepia rufa, is a handsome large tree up to 20 meters high, ranging from Pernambuco to Amazonas, Brazil. The leaves are oblong, 17 to 27 cm. long, thick and leathery, glossy above and reddish-velvety beneath. The flowers are borne in terminal clusters. The fruit is irregularly roundish to roundish-oblong, wrinkled, 12 cm. in diameter, with bright yellow edible much appreciated flesh. It is related to the apple. The kelango, Fusanus acuminatus, is a tall shrub to a tree 9 meters high, ranging over the greater part of Australia, Queensland excepted. The leaves are opposite, lanceolate and leathery, usually to 8 cm. long. The flowers are pro duced in great profusion, and are assembled in small terminal clusters. The fruits are round, about 2 cm. across and one-seeded. The flesh makes excellent jelly and preserves, and may be sundried and stored like apples. The seeds also are of good eating quality. The nytia, Conyza aegyptiaca, is an annual or biennial herb related to lettuce, a native of tro pical Africa. The leaves are linear-oblong to oblong-spatulate, coarsely toothed or pinnatified, 5 to 10 cm. long. The flowers are yellowish. In lower Kongo Beige the leaves are marketed as a vegetable. The chamburo, Carica candamarcensis, is a small semi-herbaceous tree to 6 meters high, a native of the highlands of Colombia and Ecua dor. In appearance it strongly resembles the papaya, a close relative, from which it differs in climatic requirements, growing at elevations ranging from about 1800 to 3000 meters. The fruit is 7 to 10 cm. long, ellipsoid and pointed, with 5 well marked grooves, deep orange yellow, with sub-acid and aromatic flesh about a centi meter thick, forming a cavity containing many seeds embedded in gelatinous edible pulp. The flesh is too acid to eat raw, but is excellent cooked with sugar or made into jam or preserves. The chamburo is commonly cultivated in Ecua dor and Colombia, and was introduced into the highlands of Ceylon 30 years ago where it is commonly grown, and whence seeds were pro cured by the writer some months ago for plant ing in Baguio, where it is hoped it will prove a successful addition to the few fruits thriving there. The piranga, Badris piranga, is a small, hand some spiny, almost stemless palm, a native of the States of Para and Amazonas, Brazil. The leaves are pinnate, up to 150 cm. long, the fruits are ovoid and smooth, 15 cm. long, and have reddish subacid pulp highly esteemed for food, ripening in February. The palillo. Campomanesia lineatifolia, is a small tree about 3.5 meters tall, a native of east ern Peru to Amazonas, Brazil, in moist regions. The leaves are ovate to ovate-oblong and longpointed, 7 to 13 cm. long and about half as wide, hairy beneath. The fragrant white flowers are borne singly. The fruits are round and yellow, 4 cm. across. They taste like guavas to which the plant is related and are used like them. The tree is cultivated in Peru. The coracare, Cereus coracare, is a spiny leaf less cactus found in Paraguay. The fruit is the size and shape of an apple, and is of excellent taste. The tasajo, Hylocereus undatus, is a climbing or trailing leafless cactus with 3-winged prac tically spineless stems, widely disseminated in the tropics and subtropics as an ornamental. The handsome white flowers are 20 cm. long or more, and open at night. The red, edible fruit is oblong, 10 cm. long, covered with large scales. A variety of this species was long ago introduced in the Philippines, but it rarely bears fruits, and is of no economic importance. In Jamaica the flower buds are eaten in soups like okra to which they are reported equal if not superior as a veg etable. Two varieties grow in Yucatan whose fruits are considered among the bes^ in that country. The Chacoub, distinguished by the purple edges and tips of the perianth segments and the globose reddish purple fruit; and the Zaccoub, which is distinguished by its creamy white fruit. BEWARE OF THIS ELEMENT WO! At the Rochester meeting somebody said that the job of the safety man in the chemical in dustry is a tough one because new elements and new compounds are constantly being discovered. He advised that it was the safety man’s job to become familiar immediately with the physical and chemical properties of all such new substances. Our contemporary The Syracuse Chemist has recently reported a new element No. 93 Woman, Symbol Wo, a member of the human family. This new element has the following properties: Occurrence:—Is abundant in nature; found both free and combined, usually associated with men. Physical Properties:—A number of allotropic forms have been observed. Their density, transparency, hardness, color, boiling and melt ing points vary within wide limits. The color exhibited by many specimens is a surface phenom enon and is usually due to a more or less closely-adhering powder. It has been found that an unpolished specimen tends to turn green in the presence of a highly-polished one. The boiling point for some varieties is quite low, while others are likely to freeze at any moment. All Atlantic Gulf and Pacific Co. OF MANILA ENGINEERS MANUFACTURERS CONTRACTORS 71-77 Muelle de la Industria MANILA, P. I. OXYGEN Compressed Oxygen 99.5% pure HYDROGEN Compressed Hydrogen 99.8% pure ACETYLENE Dissolved Acetylene for all purposes WELDING Fully Equip ped Oxy-Ace tylene Weld ing Shops BATTERIES Prest-O-Lite Electric Stor age Batteries Philippine Acetylene Go. 281 CALLE CRISTOBAL, PACO MANILA, P. I. varieties melt under proper treatment. The taste varies from sweet to very bitter, depending upon environment and treatment. Chemical Properties:—Absorbs, without dis solving in, a number of liquids, the activity being greatly increased by alcohol. Absorbs seem ingly unlimited quantities of expensive foods. Many naturally-occurring varieties of Wo are highly magnetic. In general, the magnetism varies inversely with the density and size, directly with the square of the valence and inversely with the cube of the age. Some varieties tend IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 16 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL November, 1929 “For No Man Knoweth the Hour” The last time I saw the Cabral family together was on a midweek day prior to Sunday three weeks ago. It was in their store on Taft avenue and calle Padre Faura, and the family was at lunch. One noticed, even while making pur chases, the innate family discipline of the Fili pino family of this type, the respect of the younger members for their elders, and the in stant obedience to the father. The meal was a frugal middle-class one, plates of boiled rice, smoked fish, boiled vegetables, bananas. The happiness prevailing in this family was impres sive, they had joy in each other’s company and the fact was evident in their demeanor. Their store is well situated to cater to students, both of the University and of the Central School. It is well stocked with sundry school supplies, Magnolia products, etc., and serves meals to collegians. Everyone is waited upon as promptly and courteously as possible; there are rush hours and rush minutes, but the service runs smoothly; to the Central School especially it is an advantage to have as good a place so convenient to the school ground, just across calle Padre Faura. All this one noted, having seen the store grow to its present proportions from the tiny shop of a few years ago; and one said to one’s self, “Here is a Filipino making good in business, starting in a modest way, giving the business close personal attention and con verting the profits into larger capital—satisfying the trade. The children are assured of their education, at the same time they are learning the ways of business.” The next Sunday the family had an outing; they piled into the automobile and drove out into Laguna. Coming back to town at dusk, in passing, perhaps at racing speed, another car, the Cabral car collided with a carretela which, in the gathering darkness, the driver had not seen. In this collision the father was killed, his sister and his wife seriously injured. The notice in the Monday morning papers was a shock to patrons of the store. I visited the store again. The children, disciplined as they are, were carrying on; but it moved one to see them burdened with such grief. They were going through the hardest day of their lives, and doing, no doubt, much as their father would have had them do. Ever thoughtful of them, he had not left them destitute of everything save the store. Was there insurance? Oh, yes. Having a practical turn of-mind and knowing the inevitable hazards of life, Melchor Cabral had carried insurance on his life to the amount of P17,000; and now, as an imperishable memory of their father, the family have this capital and the business proceeds to the fullest advantage possible under the circumstance of the loss of the head of it. “Without leaving the house,” wrote the widow to one of the insurance companies, which settled its claim first, “. . . I was able to get the insur ance money.” This claim was for P4,000; to form Anne-ions, others cat-ions. Their ionic migrations vary widely. All varieties exhibit great affinity for Ag, Au, and Pt, silver, gold, and platinum, and for precious stones in both chain and ring structures. The valence toward these substances is high and its study is complicated by the fact that the residual valence is never satisfied. Many stable and unstable unions have been describecF—the latter in the daily press. Some varieties joeing highly explos ive, are exceedingly dangerous in inexperienced, hands. In general, they tend to explode sponta neously when left alone temporarily by man. The application of pressure to different speci mens of Wo produces such a variety of results as to defy the Principle of LeChatilier. Uses:—Highly ornamental. Wide applica tion in the arts and domestic sciences. Acts as a positive or negative catalyst in the production of fever, as the case may be. Useful as a tonic in the alleviation of sickness, low spirits, etc. Efficient as a cleaning agent. Equalizes the dis tribution of wealth. Is probably the most powerful (income) reducing agent known. ’ —Bulletin, National Safety Council. while the widow was still in hospital, agents of the company had attended to the details estab lishing officially the fact of death, and the com pany had then sent along its check covering the claim. This is a vivid example of the value of life insur ance in plans undertaken to advance the econ omic position of a family; so much depends upon the head of the family that ample insurance is necessary for the family’s due protection. October furnished another similar instance, the accidental death by pistol-shot of Dr. Miguel The West Coast Life Insurance Company offers a full line of modern life insurance contracts designed to meet every need of business or personal protection. For particulars and quotations consult the Philippine Branch Office West Coast Life Insurance Co Kneedler Building Lim, of Camiling, Tarlac. Dr. Lim collected P55 in fees for examining applicants for insur ance, from the general agency of the Insular Life company. With this money he bought a pistol, and that same day, in demonstrating the pistol to a friend, he discharged the weapon accidentally and wounded himself fatally. He had been insured for P2,000 and the claim has been paid. “I have insured my life for Pl,000, what do you think of it?” a man in a clerical position reports. “I decided to do so because of the The Insular Life Assurance Co., Ltd MANILA, ow rates iberal conditions ocal investments oans on real estates repayable monthly instalments, at ow interest P. I. If a mindful man with a fixed salary dies, he will only leave a small saving to his family FOR ABOUT P31.00 ANNUALLY our company guarantees the payment of Pl,000 to your wife or sons in case of death, or to the insured himself if he survives the policy. Call or write for particulars to: HOME OFFICE C. S. SALMON 4th Floor, Filipinas Bldg. 3rd Floor, Gachés Bldg. Plaza Moraga, Manila, P. I. Escolta cor. T. Pinpin 11 P. O. Box 128 P. O. Box 734, Manila V. SINGSON ENCARNACION, President J. McMICKING, Manager articles you have been running in the Journal. 1 pay a little more than P29 twice a year. Is it all right?” It surely is all right. This man, still quite young and only ordinarily fortunate, would leave his dependents scarce anything if he died now, wanting insurance; but Pl,000 would be a substantial capital for them. If he lives, he will have the Pl,000 with earned inter est, from the premiums he pays. After he pays awhile, the policy will have a loan value which will enable him to buy a home or make some other sure investment. The Pl,000 is little enough, but it is enough to ward off actual poverty; on the basis of this man’s earnings it is a reasonable amount for him to carry. Telephone 2-36-74 Manila, P. I. The Philippine Education Company, Inc., is taking out group insurance covering its 450 employes, part of the premium coming from the company and part from the employes. The policy is present protection and a form of oldage pension. Such practices are commendable from every viewpoint, inculcating thrift and imbuing every employe with reasonable confi dence in his future. No man knouveth the hour or the day when death cometh. —W. R. JN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL November, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 17 Haphazard Studies in the English Language (Continued from October) bid. We should “bid a man go,” not bid him “to” go. big. Frequently misused for great or large, and better applied to the tower animals than to men. “Great” is applied to all kinds of dimensions in which things can grow or increase; “large” is properly applied to space, extent, and quan tity; “big” denotes great as to expansion or capacity. “Big” may be justified in great girth—a big man, but “large” is prreferable to denote tallness and size in proportion. “Great” is used of men’s reputation, character, or attainments. Abraham Lincoln was both a large and a great man, but it would be in elegant if not incorrect to say that he was a big man. A house, a room, a heap, a pile, an army, etc., is great or large; an animal or a mountain is great or big; a road, a city, a street, etc., . is termed great, rather than large. We speak correctly of “an event big with the fate of nations.” birth. Look up the difference between this word and berth in the main vocabulary of this dictionary. bit. An old word for a small piece of any thing, and often used absolutely, as “There are several bits in the collection to delight an artist.” Often used in phrases expressive of extent or degree, as “a bit older, or wiser.” Though sometimes regarded as a colloquialism, the word is of ancient and accepted usage. black, blacken. Not to be used indiscrimi nately. We black boots, but blacken reputa tions. blame it on. A gross and improper expression. We may blame a person “for an offense, or lay blame “on” him, but to “blame it on” is not even excusable slang. It is sometimes used by persons of whom better things might be expected. blatant. Should be pronounced with the first a long. Perhaps the slang word blah, a as in far, came from the word “blatant.” blessed. The adjective is pronounced bles'ed, the participle blest. blowhard. Not a refined term, and should be replaced by boaster when speaking of one who boasts. boatswain. The only pronunciation rec ognized by boatswains themselves is bo'sn. both. Frequently misused with absurd effect, as in “They both met at dinner.” “They both resemble each other.” In such cases it is a simple redundancy; also in the follow ing examples: “He holds the offices of both the secretary and the treasurer.” “He lost all his property—both houses, lands, and ready money.” Do not say “John and James both are here,” but “Both John and James, etc.” In negative sentences “both” is sometimes so used that the meaning is obscured; thus, “Both candidates were not elected.” Was either of them elected, or were they both defeated? Such sentences require reconstruc tion to make their meaning clear. both alike. In this connection “both” is mis used. It may be used with like, but not cor rectly with alike. “They are both alike” is improved by omitting “both,” while the follow ing sentence is correct: “Both children are like their mother.” bound. A colloquialism in the sense of deter mined, as in “We are bound to go to the theater,” or with the meaning of sure, certain, as in “Children are bound to play.”- This use has been called by some modern writers a barbarism. Bourbon. Pronounced bur'bon in Kentucky; boor'bun when applied to the island and dynasty. brace. See score. brand new. Pronounce the d in brand. Many writers and speakers erroneously omit it, bran new. brethren. Often mispronounced breth'-er-en. It should be two syllables only, breth'ren. bring, fetch, carry. Erroneously uséd as interchangeable, and care should always be taken in discriminating between them. To bring is simply to take with oneself from the place where one is; to fetch is to go first to a place and then bring a thing; what ever is near at hand is brought; whatever is at a distance must be fetched: the porter at a hotel brings a parcel, a boy who is sent for it fetches it. Bring always respects motion toward the place in which the speaker resides; fetch, a motion both to and from; carry, always a motion directly from the place or at a distance from the place. A servant brings the parcel home which his employer has sent him to fetch; he carries a parcel from home. Bring is an action performed at the option We offer you 50,000 of the finest kilometers you’ve ever driven! And we make this startling statement! Give your engine proper care, use the New Mobiloil and the first-year feel will stay in your engine for at least 50,000 kilometers. In tests, the New Mobiloil has frequently preserved this first-year feel for more than twice this distance. VACUUM OIL COMPANY the of the agent; fetch and carry are mostly done at the command of another. Do not say, ‘When you come home, fetch some berries,” but “bring some berries.” Say “Fetch me my hat from the hall,” and “carry your umbrella with you.” The distinction between bring and fetch is sharply drawn in this passage from the Bible: “And as she was going to fetch it, he called to her and said, Bring me, I pray thee, a morsel of bread.” broke. This word has acquired a certain re spectable colloquial use in the sense, “without funds.” It is of course a corruption of broken, but the original word does not fit the case and “broke” has come to stay. bulk. “The bulk of the crop is uncut.” This use of the word, in the sense of greater part, mass, or majority, “the bulk of the people,” is opposed by many careful writers. (Continued in December) IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 18 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL November, 1929 Origins of the Roman Catholic Church GIBBON—(Continued from September) The Journal is publishing a few pages of Gibbon because the authentic origins of the faith that undertook the indefatigable task of evangelizing the Orient, suc ceeding in the Philippines and barely failing in Japan, are no doubt of general, if casual, interest in these islands.—Ed. VI. The community of goods, which had so agreeably amused the imagination of Plato, and which subsisted in some degree among the aus tere sect of the Essenians, was adopted for a short time in the primitive church. The fever of the first proselytes prompted them to sell those wordly possessions which they despised, to lay the price of them at the feet of the apos tles, and to content themselves with receiving an equal share out of the general distribution. The progress of the Christian religion relaxed, and gradually abolished, this generous institu tion, which, in hands less pure than those of the apostles, would too soon have been corrupted and abused by the returning selfishness of human nature; and the converts who embraced the new religion were permitted to retain the possession of their patrimony, to receive legacies and inherit ances, and to increase their separate property by all the lawful means of trade and industry, instead of an absolute sacrifice, a moderate pro portion was accepted by the ministers of the gospel; and in their weekly or monthly assem blies every believer, according to the exigency of the occasion, and the measure of his wealth and piety, presented his voluntary offering for the use of the common fund. Nothing, however inconsiderable, was refused; but it was diligently nculcated that, in the article of Tithes, the Mosaic law was still of divine obligation; and :hat, since the Jews, under a less perfect discioline, had been commanded to pay a tenth part af all that they possessed, it would become the iisciples of Christ to distinguish themselves by a superior degree of liberality, and to acquire some merit by resigning a superfluous treasure, vhich must so soon be annihilated with the vorld itself. It is almost unnecessary to observe hat the revenue of each particular church, which vas of so uncertain and fluctuating a nature, nust have varied with the poverty or the opllence of the faithful, as they were dispersed in >bscure villages, or collected in the great cities )f the empire. In the time of the emperor Decius it was the opinion of the magistrates, hat the Christians of Rome were possessed of rery considerable wealth; that vessels of gold md silver were used in their religious worship, ind that many among their proselytes had sold heir lands and houses to increase the public iches of the sect, at the expense, indeed, of their mfortunate children, who found themselves >eggars because their parents had been saints. Ve should listen with distrust to the suspicions ►f strangers and enemies: on this occasion, howver, they receive a very specious and probable olor from the two following circumstances, the •nly ones that have reached our knowledge, /hich define any precise sums, or convey any distinct idea. Almost at the same period, the ¿shop of Carthage, from a society less opulent han that of Rome, collected a hundred thouand sesterces (above eight hundred and fifty •ounds sterling), on a sudden call of charity to edeem the brethren of Numidia, who had been arried away captives by the barbarians of the esert. About a hundred years before the reign f Decius, the Roman church d received, in single donation, the sum of t hundred thouand sesterces from a stranger of Pontus, who roposed to fix his residence in the capital. These blations, for the most part, were made in money; or was the society of Christians either desirous r capable of acquiring, to any considerable egree, the encumbrance of landed property, t had been provided by several laws, which were aacted with the same design as our statutes of íortmain, that no real estates should be given r bequeathed to any corporate body, without ther a special privilege or a particular dispensaon from the emperor or from the senate; who ere seldom disposed to grant them in favor of sect, at first the object of their contempt, and t last of their fears and jealousy. A transac tion, however, is related under the reign of Alex ander Severus, which discovers that the restraint was sometimes eluded or suspended, dnd that the Christians were permitted to claim and to possess lands within the limits of Rome itself. The progress of Christianity, and the civil confusion of the empire, contributed to relax the severity of the laws; and before the close of the third century many considerable estates were bestowed on the opulent churches of Rome, Milan, Car thage, Antioch, Alexandria, and the other great cities of Italy and the provinces. Have You Got Your Coupons Yet With every purchase you get the amount of the sale in coupons. For every coupon there is a premium. If you trade here regularly and save the coupons, you can own many things that you need not buy. Our free premium catalog tells you all about it. They are free—ask for one. BIGGER SAVINGS You can buy anything you need for personal use or household here at prices generally lower than you pay elsewhere, and you get the coupons besides. Thus, your saving is double. Get your friends to trade here and to give you the coupons. Since your friends plan to buy certain things any way, and since they can probably buy them here cheaper than they can some where else, you not only help yourself, but help your friends also. Then Buy at Our Store You would be surprised how rapidly coupons accumulate. Recall and add up what you have spent in the last week for things you could buy here at a lower price, and see how much you would have in coupons if you had bought here. Then come in and buy, and get your friends to buy, and save the coupons until you have enough to buy what you want from our pre mium catalog. BECK’S: ESCOLTA FREE COUPONS FREE PREMIUMS HELPFULNESS FIGURE IT OUT The bishop was the natural steward of the church; the public stock was intrusted to his care without account or control; the presbyters were confined to their spiritual functions, and the more dependent order of deacons was solely employed in the management and distribution of the ecclesiastical revenue. If we may give credit to the vehement declamations of Cyprian, there were too many among his African brethren who, in the execution of their charge, violated every precept, not only of evangelic perfection, but even of moral virtue. By some of these unfaith ful stewards the riches of the church were lavish ed in sensual pleasures; by others they were per verted to the purposes of private gain, of fraud ulent purchases, and of rapacious usury. But as long as the contributions of the Christian people were free and unconstrained, the abuse of their confidence could not be very frequent, and the general uses to which their liberality was applied reflected honor on the religious society. A decent portion was reserved for the maintenance I V RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL November, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 19 of the bishop and his clergy; a sufficient sum was allotted for the expenses of the public worship, of which the feasts of love, the agapae, as they were called, constituted a very pleasing part. The whole remainder was the sacred patrimony of the poor. According to the discretion of the bishop, it was distributed to support widows and orphans, the lame, the sick, and the aged of the community; to comfort strangers and pilgrims, and to alleviate the misfortunes of prisoners and captives, more especially when their sufferings had been occasioned by their firm attachment to the cause of religion. A generous intercourse of charity united the most distant provinces, and the smaller congregations were cheerfully assisted by the alms of their more opulent brethren. Such an institution, which paid less regard to the merit than to the distress of the object, very materially conduced to the progress of Chris tianity. The Pagans, who were actuated by a sense of humanity, while they derided the doc trines, acknowledged the benevolence, of the new sect. The prospect of immediate relief and of future protection allured into its hospitable bosom many of those unhappy persons whom the neglect of the world would have abandoned to the miseries of want, of sickness, and of old When Telegraphing Use The Radiogram Route age. There is some reason likewise to believe that great numbers of infants, who, according to the inhuman practice of the times, had been exposed by their parents, were frequently resHow Taft Bargained for the Friar Lands (His Own Account of the Deal) “As early as 1898, the Peace Commission, which negotiated the treaty of Paris, became convinced that one of the most important steps in tranquilizing the islands and in reconciling the Filipinos to the American Government would be the governmental purchase of the so-called friars’ agricultural lands in the Philip pines, and the sale of these lands to the tenants upon long, easy payments. The same policy was recommended by the first or Schurman Commission after an investigation by it, apd in the first report of the present Philippine'Com mission much time was devoted to ^ne *political phases of the relations of the four great religious orders to the people and the wisdom of buying the agricultural lands and selling them to the tenants was much commented on and approved. cued from death, baptized, educated, and main tained by the piety of the Christians, and at the expense of the public treasure. (To be continued) Since Taft effected the purchase of the friar lands with the first issue of public credit bonds of the Philippines under the United States, a new generation has grown up in the islands. Members of this gen eration now sitting in the legislature, where there is a movement afoot to have the government purchase remaining large agricultural estates of the Church in the Philippines,'may refresh their information on the friar-lands purchase by reading Taft’s report of it, set forth here. Whether the simple right of eminent domain runs in such cases or not, no doubt hinges somewhat upon the acute ness of the agrarian situation involved: Taft’s method was an appeal to Rome and an accord with the pontifical authority. Some of the estates remaining in the Church are charity endowments and are of the nature of trusts. When the dem ands of a situation are acute (and other wise, ordinary rigJjj# prevail) salus populi suprema lex, th<safety of the people is the supreme law.—ETIF 9 ','z ' r >■ '-■jWORLD IDE IRELESS RADIO CORPORATION OF THE PHILIPPINES 9 PLAZA MORAGA ( 2-26-01 Phones: ( 2-26-92 | 2-26-D3 Always Open The Secretary of War and the President concur-. red in the recommendations of the Commission. Accordingly in May, 1902, the writer, as civil governor of the Philippine Islands, was directed by the Secretary of War to visit Rome and to confer with the Pope or such agents as he might designate in respect to the question of buying the friars’ agricultural lands and other questions of a similar character which were pending between the Roman Catholic Church and the Govern ment. The negotiations which were had on this subject in Rome were set forth in the corre spondence published by the Secretary of War in his report to Congress for last year. In a word, the Pope approved the purchase of the agricultural lands of the three great religious orders that owned agricultural lands in the islands and appointed an apostolic delegate with as full powers as he could be invested with to bring about this result. “The apostolic delegate, Monsignor Jean Baptiste Guidi, archbishop of Staurpoli, reached the islands in the fall of 1902, and negotiations were at once begun. In one of the letters written by Cardinal Rampolla, contained in the cor respondence already referred to, ne stated on behalf of the Holy See that the resources of the religious orders would be taken into charge by the supreme authorities for the benefit of the church in the Philippines, and it at first seemed that the religious orders, with little prospect of reaping much pecuniary benefit from the sale of the lands under this arrangement, were not anxious to further the proposed purchase. Prob ably this inference did an injustice to the religious orders in view of the event. It turned out upon examination that the agricultural lands which had originally belonged to the three religious orders of the Philippines, to wit, the Dominicans, the Augustinians, and the Recoletos, aggregated 420,000 acres. The Commission in 1901 had directed a survey to be made by a Filipino surveyor or agrimensor, skilled both in survey ing agricultural land and in estimating its value, by name Juan Villegas. He surveyed between 1901 and 1903 all the agricultural holdings of the three religious orders, except an estate belonging to the Augustinians in the province of Isabela and an estateTbelonging to the Recoletos in the province of Mindoro. He classified the lands and placed a value upon the differing classes, giving data from which it was possible to esti mate the total value of the lands, except the two estates in Isabela and Mindoro, respectively, U F y K IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 20 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL November, 1929 already mentioned, the value of which was deter mined by the agents of the Commission from other sources. “The event proved that the Dominicans had conveyed their holdings, amounting to 60,461 hectares, to one Andrews, an Englishman living in Manila, under a promoter’s contract; that Andrews organized a company, under the sup posed existing laws of the Philippines, known as the “Philippine Sugar Estates Developing Company (Limited),” to which he conveyed all the Dominican lands, with the exception of a small estate known as San Juan Del Monte, containing 156 hectares, which was held under such trust restrictions as to prevent its sale. Investigation showed that the Augustinian order as far back as 1893 or 1894 had conveyed to a Spanish corporation, known as the “Sociedad Agricola de Ultramar,” all of its agricultural holdings. It further appeared that the Reco letos had conveyed the estate of Imus, or rather the estates of San Juan and San Nicolas, known SPECIAL THE NEWEST TRUCK SENSATION IT will OUT-PULL, OUT-CLIMB and OUT-PERFORM all other trucks of the same rated capacity under full load. Now on Display MACLEOD AND COMPANY 154 M. DE COMILLAS, MANILA BRANCHES IN: ILOILO CEBU LEGASPI DAVAO VIGAN as the “Imus estate,” containing 18,419 hectares, to a company organized under the laws of Hong kong or Great Britain. The Mindoro estate remained in title and possession with the Recoleto order of the Philippines. It became necessary therefore to deal with the representatives of the title holders to the lands. The Dominican lands, the title to which was in the Philippine Sugar Estates Development Company (Limited), were represented by Señor Don Francisco Gu tierrez, a stockholder and managing director of the company. The Augustinian lands owned by the Sociedad Agricola de Ultramar were represented by the attorney in fact of the com pany, an Augustinian friar, Padre Juan M. Yanez. The Imus estate, conveyed to the British Manila Estates Company (Limited), was represented by a young Englishman named Marcus McGregor. The Mindoro estate of the Recoletos was represented by the procurator of the Recoleto order in the Philippines. “In order to determine the value of the estatés, the representatives of the various companies and other interests were invited to attend a hearing, when various witnesses were called to testify. The apostolic delegate was also present. A stenographic report of these hearings is hereto attached and marked ‘Exhibit F.’ “In addition to the hearings written state ments were made by experts for each interest and were filed with the apostolic delegate and with me. The representatives of the various interests were not disposed at first to welcome the presence in the conference of the apostolic delegate. It was vigorously denied that the friars retained any titular interest in the lands which were the subject of the negotiation, and the right of the apostolic delégate to intervene was therefore questioned. 'From the best in formation that I could obtain it was true that the religious orders had parted with their legal title to the shares in the new companies, except the Recoletos in Mindoro, and that it was very di fficult to find out just what their interest in the property continued to be. That they had an in terest, and a most substantial one, went without saying, but, for reasons it is unnecessary to com ment on, these interests had been made as ambi guous and doubtful as possible. In accordance withthe agreement reached in Rome, I sent to the apostolic delegate a request for a statement of the exact interests retained by the religious orders in the Philippines in the lands which were the subject of negotiation. No formal answer to this letter was ever received, but informally it was stated to me by the delegate that the author ities in the Philippines had informed him that they had so disposed of their interests that they were unable to make a statement of what their interests were, if any. “The value of the lands, as estimated ac cording to the statements of the agents of the companies, aggregated a sum between thirteen and fourteen millions of dollars gold. The estimate of Villegas, the surveyor employed by the Commission, showed the valuation of the lands to be $6,043,000 gold, if his value in Mex ican should be reduced to gold at the rate of two to one, which was the gold rate about the time of his survey and classification, though the Mexican dollar fell considerably after that. Considering the bad conditions which prevailed in agriculture, the loss of cattle, the dispute concerning title, and the agrarian question that must always remain in the management of these estates and embarrass the owner, I considered— and I believe the Commission generally agreed with me—’that $6,043,000 gold was a full price for the lands. The sum, however, was scouted by the persons representing the owners, and there appeared to be very little prospect of reaching an agreement. With the knowledge and approval of the Commission and of the Secretary of War and the President subsequently had, I sent a letter to the apostolic delegate and forwarded a copy to each representative of the respective estates, as follov. s: Office of the Civil Governor of the Phil ippine Islands, Manila, P. I., July 5, 1903. Your Excellency: After a very full consider ation of the subject, and with the concurrence of the Commission, I beg to make an offer on behalf of the Philippine Government for the so-called Friars’ lands, which include, first, certain haciendas at one time owned by the Dominican order of these islands and now owned by the Philippine Sugar Estates Development Company, represented by Mr. Gutierrez; second, certain haciendas at one time owned by the Augustinian order ajid now owned by the Com pañía Agricola de Ultramar, represented by the Augustinian friar, Padre Juan; and third, the haciendas of San Juan and San Nicolas, generally known as the Imus estates, at one time owned by the Recoleto order, and now owned by an English corporation, the British Manila Estates Company (Limited), represented by Mr. Mc Gregor, and also an estate in Mindoro of 60,000 acres, still owned, as I am informed, by the Recoleto order. The offer I am about to make is, of course, subject to the approval of the Secretary of War, but if accepted, it will doubt less receive his approval. * * * IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL November, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL The total valuations in Mexican are as follows: The Dominican lands................. $5,473,799.13 The Augustinian lands............... 4,407,335.65 The Recoleto lands..................... 2,205,303.33 Making a total in Mexican currency of............................ $12,086,438.11 The civil government proposes to pay for a good title to these lands, free and unincumbered, the prices above named reduced to gold at the ratio of two to one, as follows: For the Dominican lands......... $2,736,899.57 For the Augustinian lands....... 2,203,667».83 For the Recoleto lands............. 1,102,651.67 Making a total in gold of. . . . $6,043,219.07 * * * “I received a negative answer from all of the representatives. Not discouraged, however, by circumstances that seemed most discouraging, the apostolic delegate bent his energies to bring ing the parties to a settlement. After some negotiation the delegate first stated that he thought he could arrange a sale for $10,500,000 gold. I told him there was no hope of bringing about a purchase at that figure. Some months later I was advised by Mr. McGregor that if an offer was made for $8,500,000 he thought he could compass the sale. This was definitely declined. I then advised the apostolic delegate and those interested that I would recommend to the Commission and the Secretary of War an increase in the price offered, for the sake of peace, of $1,500,000, but no more. Then followed a long and protracted discussion between the parties who were to be the venders as to how this sum should be divided, and there was much difficulty in arriving at a solution—so great a difficulty, indeed, that I was informed that unless $7,770,000 was paid there was no hope of reaching an agreement. With the approval of the Secretary of War and the Commission, I replied that $7,543,000 was our ultimatum and that we would not give more than that, and this was ultimately the basis upon which the price was fixed. It turned out, upon further investi gation, that the Augustinian Company and the Sociedad Agricola de Ultramar had contracted to sell the Mandaloya estate, which lay in the province of Rizal and extended from the city of Manila to the town of Pasig along the Pasig River, at a certain price, and that a strip 150 meters wide by 6 kilometers running along the river had been contracted to be sold to the rail road company for mercantile purposes. The Mandaloya estate is a poor estate, from an agricultural standpoint, and its use for mer cantile purposes we were entirely willing to acquiesce in, because it would not present the difficulties concerning agricultural tenancy as the remainder of the land. The estate contains about 10,000 acres. By omitting this from the land sold and deducting the price fixed by Vi llegas, with 25 per cent added thereto, and making certain other reductions for parcels sold bona fide by the owners, and leaving to the Sugar Estates Development Company a tract of sugar land of 2,500 acres on the hillside of the Calamba estate, we finally closed the purchase of upward of 410,000 acres, at a price of $7,239,000 gold. Copies of the contracts of sale are hereby ap pended and marked ‘Exhibit H.’ “It is thought that the result of these nego tiations and the purchase of the lands form a most important step in the rehabilitation of the people of the islands and the readjustment of their relations to the Roman Catholic Church, which can not but be of material benefit in a political way to the insular and provincial governments. The disposition of the lands to the tenants on contracts of sale with easy pay ments for a number of years entails a work of tremendous labor upon the insular government and will necessitate the organization of a sep arate bureau for that purpose. We can not proph esy that the adjustment will rid us entirely of the agrarian questions. There will be doubt less litigation and local centers of disturbance growing out of government landlordism; but the elimination of the friars from the question can not but tend greatly to facilitate satisfactory adjustments. During the last six months I IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS have been in receipt of petitions from tenants in the provinces of Cavite and Laguna, where the agrarian question has been most bitter, urging the purchase of the lands, with a state ment that the tenants fully understood that the lands are to be sold to them and that they are to pay for the same. The visit to Rome was watched with intense interest by the people of the islands, and had it not resulted in a purchase of the lands, my judgment is that great disap pointment would have been felt. As will be seen by a statement which follows; the number of friars in the islands is rapidly diminishing from year to year, and with the adjustment of the land question and the division of the proceeds between the orders and the church and the use of the part belonging to the Roman Church for the improvement of the Philippine church we may reasonably hope that in a decade the agrarian and political question of the friars in the Philippines will have been completely re moved from among the obstacles tq good gov ernment with which the Americans, in coming ANNOUNCING OPERATION OF BAGUIO NIGHT TRAINS for | 1929-1930 SEASON WEEKLY SPECIAL SERVICE First BAGUIO NIGHT SPECIAL will leave Manila at 11:00 p. m. on Wednesday, November 27, 1929, for Damortis and San Fernando, La Union. This train will return from San Fernando at 8:35 p. m. on Sunday, December 1, 1929, and will leave Damortis at 10:30 p. m., to arrive Manila at 5:10 a. m. the following day. For subsequent trips, the BAGUIO NIGHT SPECIAL will leave Manila at same hour every Friday night, returning from San Fernando and Damortis the following Sunday. For trip on Friday, December 20, being the Christmas Week, the Night Special will return to Manila the following Wednesday, December 25, and for trip on Friday, December 27, it will return on Wednesday, January 1, instead of Sunday. Connection with Benguet Auto Line at Damortis to and from Baguio. On northbound trip, passengers leave promptly after arrival of train at Damortis and reach Baguio before 8:00 a. m. and from Baguio, first class busses and automobiles leave at 8:00 p. m. and third class at 6:30 p. m., arriving at Damortis in time to connect with the Baguio Night Special train. RATES 1st class 3rd class Manila-Baguio, one way.......................................P14.33 P5.64 120 days, Manila-Baguio, round trip.............. 23.32 10.28 Manila- Damortis, one way................................. 8.88 3.14 120 days, Manila-Damortis, round trip.......... 13.82 .... Manila-San Fernando U., one way.................. 10.64 3.76 120 days, Manila-San Fernando U., round trMblO. 46 .... Sleeper berth, each way....................................... 5.00 .... class ticket Express rates on automobiles when owner holds first to destination of the automobile: Manila-Damortis............ Manila-San Fernando U ua Rai Iroad Company to the islands and assuming control thereof, were confronted. “Arrangements are being made for the floating of the bonds necessary to raise the money to pay for the lands. It is understood that the bonds may be floated at 4 per cent and that they will take the form of bonds payable after ten and before thirty years at the option of the Govern ment. This will entail an interest charge upon the revenues of the Government of $290,000 a year in addition to the expense of administration, which will be considerable. It is not thought that the income from the islands for several years will be enough to meet the actual outgo, but with a restoration of normal conditions—■ speaking for myself alone—I hope that the lands will sell for as much as we have paid for them. Other members of the Commission do not think so. It is to be noted, however, that the insular government has not entered upon the purchase of these lands with a view to a profitable investment, but that it is knowingly paying a considerable sum of money merely One way P32.20 36.60 Round trip P61.18 69.54 AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURN. 22 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL November, 1929 for the purpose of ridding the administration The extract from Taft’s reports to Washof the government in the islands of an issue ington is an interlude in the Mission Trail dangerous to the peace and prosperity of the excursions among the chronicles, another of people of the islands.” * * * which will appear in an early number. Browsing Among New Books By Gladys Traynor Gladys Traynor CYRANO, SWORDSMAN, LIBERTIN AND MAN-OF-LETTERS. Cameron Rogers. Doubleday Doran. A biography. To divest a loved hero of some of his most endearing qual ities and leave him still on his pedestal is not an easy task. Mr. Clayton Hamil ton, New York drama tic critic, has said that the Cyrano of Ro stand’s play, Cyrano de Bergerac, is the most contagiously and uni versally popular hero in the history of the stage. It is such a character that Mr. Rogers takes out of a fictional setting and reveals in less romantic guise to thousands of readers who have un doubtedly never had an idea that there ever was a real Cyrano. If the reader never has had the good fortune to see Mr. Mansfield in the play when he first brought it to the United States at the close of the gay nineties, or Walter Hampden in one of his annual revivals, he will thoroughly enjoy making the acquaintance of Savinien de Cyrano, Seig neur de Bergerac of the prodigious nose, who strides self-consciously through the pages of this new biography, a target for Fate’s buffets. He who already knows and loves the proud Gascon (though in reality a Parisian, he was to become famous as le brave Cyrano, Gascon cadet, because someone passing him in the street mistook him to be of that company) will listen interestedly to all Mr. Rogers says so entertainingly with that indulgence one accords a stranger speaking of the faults of a dear friend. The author of The Legend of Calvin Coolidge and Gallant Ladies is not a conventional biogra pher of the old school, but one of those modern literary psychologists who have made biography so popular. Human weaknesses are psycho analyzed and facts interpreted by imaginary conversations in a highly diverting manner. Despite their methods some little glamour clings to certain of their characters, like Cyrano. Mr. Rogers has divided his book into tlfree parts: Part I, the Swordsman; Part II, the Libertin; and Part III, the Man-of-Letters. When he was only nineteen Cyrano set out to make his fortune as a soldier and became an expert swordsman. He did not return from the wars with a marshal’s baton, as he had fondly dreamed of doing, but instead through the rescue of a young student, the bastard son of a literary light of the day, his sword led him into the com pany of illustrious Libertins, 17th century intel lectuals, and his sword kept both friends and enemies at a distance when he later became a man-of-letters. Here is an excellent picture of the times and the life of those Freethinkers who dared accept the heretical views of Theóphile de Viau. With the exception of Cyrano who was temperate because former habits had begun to pall as well as because he found thought more stimulating than wine, and his friend Poquelin, who, when he later became well-known as Mo liere, plagiarized the work of his less successful friend, they were all given to debauchery. The author leads us to believe that if Cyrano were living to-day and writing for contemporary REVIEW OF THE EXCHANGE MARKET By Richard E. Shaw Manager, International Banking Corporation The October market opened with all Banks buyers of U. S. $ TT ready and forward at 5/8% premium, at which ¡joint the rate remained constant throughout the month. During the third week of the month selling rates for U. S. $ TT eased slightly but the prevailing quota tion for the period un der review was 1 % pre mium. The following purcha ses of telegraphic trans fers have been made from the Insular Treasurer since last report: Week ending September 28th Nil Week ending October 5th US $300,000 Week ending October 12 th Nil Week ending October 19th Nil As a result of rise in the New York-London cross-rate sterling selling rates, which at the opening were firm at 2/—7/16 for TT and 2/—1/2 for O/D were gradually lowered until at the (Please turn to page 27, col. 2) magazines, he might confess ‘‘How My Large Nose Mitigated Against My Success in Life”. In truth, he seemed just to miss the world’s applause in every undertaking. Certainly his propensity for picking quarrels with all who alluded even in friendly sport to the feature about which he was so sensitive did not help to establish him in popular favor. But when Death comes to bear him away in his last defeat, Ro stand’s Cyrano speaks of a certain compensation on the subject of which the psychoanalyst is SIZE Length........................... 1.15 m. Width.................±......... 0.65 m. Height............... .......... 0.86 m. This type is built especially to meet the con stant demand for small, cheaper stoves. It is very handy and appropriate for small families. Its price is reasonable. “MAYON” ECONOMICAL STOVES rpHE “MAYON” COOKING STOVES are generally used in all parts of the Philippines, because they are economical and can take easily the place of any other stove. ACCEPT NO SUBSTITUTE Buy a Stove WhichWill Last You a Life Time Our stoves are patented in order to safe guard the public from cheap imitation. We manufacture also different kinds of mosaics tiles, cement pipes and gutters, roof tile, granite imitation, balausters, flower pots and other articles made of cement for ornamental and miscellaneous purposes. c. TUASC Office and Factory: 1174-1188 Agno, Malate & SONS, INC. •ad: ixxi) Phone Off. 5-71-29 Res. 5-44-20 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLE * ~ ???■, IE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF November, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL ¿3 silent. . . . What are you saying? That it is no use? ... I know it! But one does not fight because there is hope of winning! No! . . . no! * * * It is much finer to fight when it is no use! This is the Cyrano, brave, witty, generous and uncompromising, who has captivated imagi native youth in every country of the world, the Cyrano who, impersonated by Mr. Hampden, so carried away the forty-five year old Joseph P. Tumulty that Mark Sullivan, Washington cor respondent, discovered him in a public dining room at luncheon the day after he had seen the play in a 1924 revival, seated alone at a table, totally unaware of the wonder and amusement of the other lunchers, gesturing and declaiming i;in rapt and sonorous tones, louder than his utter preoccupation realized”* the following lines in reply to his friend Le Bret’s criticism of his disregard for his superiors who might help him: “What would you have me do? Seek for the patronage of some great man, And like a creeping vine on a tall tree Creep upward, where I cannot stand alone? No, thank you! ... Be a buffoon In the vile hope of teasing out a smile On some cold face? No, thank you! Make my knees Callous, and cultivate a supple spine—• Wear out my belly groveling in the dust? No, thank you!” The historical biographer’s picture of Cyrano, however romantically conceived, is not the appeal ing figure idealized in the magic words of the poet, but Mr. Rogers portrays him with enough admiration and sympathy to permit thoughtful persons often wondering at the discrepancy between their finest possibilities and the limited expression given to the world, the illusion of a might-have-been. All Quiet on the Western Front. Erich Maria Remarque. Translated from the German by A. W. Wheen. Little Brown. This realistic war story by a young German * P. 222 of Vol. I, Our Times (The Turn of the Century) by Mark Sullivan. Healthful ! DrinkTry it with \ your meals I ' —a glass of I I I delicious cold beer. Ask for SanBigud ! Brewed by SAN MIGUEL BREWERY has had a phenomenal sale in both its English and American editions. Critics have declared it to be the greatest book on the war which has yet been written. Not in the least suggestive of propaganda, the book depicts the horror and ghastliness of war for all soldiers, whether Ger man, French or English. All's Quiet on the Western Front was woven out of the fabric of a sensitive, impressionable and thoughtful youth’s disillusioning experience in the most inhumane war of history. The skill and artistry of the maturer man who writes with a comprehensive understanding gives to the work a universal touch. Unfortunately the American edition omits passages which censors think too frank. A hospital incident relating how a wounded soldier who had been looking forward to a little time alone with his wife on her first visit after two years of separation, outwitted the attendants is left out entirely. The ways of the pro hibitionists are indeed strange. In England where The Well of Loneliness was bafaned they found nothing objectionable in the literal trans lation from the German. Not a little of the colorful vividness of the work is due to the strong language, soldier lan guage, employed by the author when he writes of the daily routine of a common soldier’s life. In his description of the terrors of the front and his portrayal of the one fine thing which flourish ed during those dreadful years,—the comrade ship of man—one glimpses the poet pitying man for his inhumanity to man. Under the shadow of war, boys just out of school somehow learned to live, even to love, steal, and, confronted with the overwhelming instinct of self-preservation, to kill. One wonders that lives so blighted ever returned to normalcy. Those who could not forget, like the gentle farmer Diederich, went mad. Only brute in stinct carried them through to the end to re enter an alien world. Mr. Remarque’s book is intensely interesting and reads so easily that you will finish it at one sitting. If you have not yet read this splendid story do not fail to get a copy. Hunger Fighters. Paul de Kruif. Har court Brace. Though a few months old this book is men tioned because it ought to be of special inter est to those contem plating or engaged in the introduction of new crops into the Philippines. Paul de Kruif has a flair for dramatizing the some times dull and weary work of those who cut the first jagged steps up the ‘ mountainside toward the peak of civilization. In Hunger Fighters he has written another inspiring story, as absorbing as Mi crobe Hunters, of un sung scientists who have contributed to the world’s progress. From Carleton, the first of the men he writes about, who dreamed of bringing the Kubanka wheat from western Asia to the American north west, down to Joseph Goldberger, a Jew whom he calls the soft-spoken desperado, the man who for years fought the dread pel lagra, or the black death, in its most ma lignant form in the southern states and discovered the impor tance of vitamin C to good health, every INFORMATION FOR INVESTORS Expert, confidential reports made on Philippine projects ENGINEERING, MINING, AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, LUMBER, ETC. Hydroelectric projects OTHER COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES BRYAN, LANDON CO. Cebu, P. I. Cable address: “YPIL,” Cebu. man's story is fascinating. Not all of them were trained scientists; many of them just had a hunch which they clung to doggedly through the years in spite of poverty or dazzling offers in other fields. Many did not live to see the revolutionary effect of their ideas, but died miserably,—like Carleton who met his end in an obscure pest-hole of Peru. Some risked their lives again and again to prove a theory. Mr. de Kruif writes intimately and stirringly of men who are first of all individualists. He gives the reader an account of the wheat finders, the maize finders and the maize breeders as excit ing to the imagination as any tale of old explo rers. Indeed, one closes the book feeling that adventurous modern youth can find the same allure in research that his forbears found in trekking westward. COPRA AND ITS PRODUCTS By E. A. SEIDENSPINNER Vice-President and Manager, Copra Milling Corporation Copra:—The Manila copra market during the month of October has been devoid of in teresting features. Ar rivals at both Manila and Cebu have been far from satisfactory and little improvement is anticipated during November, December. Not with standing un satisfactory production, buyers have been un able to advance their ideas of price due to the continued weakness in the U. S. market. The continental market although steady in spots registered a net decline of approximately £1-10-0 per ton during the month. Locally the Laguna-Tayabas market is much above Manila and foreign parities, and it is quite probable that prices will decline at these primary points during the last half of November. Total arrivals at Manila for the month of Octo ber were 404,880 bags as compared with 529,193 bags for October, 1928. Latest cable advices follow: San FrancisccjéÍF. M. M., 4-1/4 cents; Lon don, Cebu Sundried, £21-7-6; F. M. M., £21-2-6; Manila Buen-Corriente, P9.00 to P9.25; Arrival Resecada, PIO.00 to P10.25. Qoconut Oil:—Buyers of this commodity in the IT. S. market showed little inclination during October to trade at September levels. Early in the month, bids were decreased to 6-7/8 cents c. i. f. New York and 6-5/8 cents f. o. b. tanks San Francisco at which figures the market is quoted today. The coconut oil market is entirely a buyers’ market and will so continue until the new year when present large reserve stocks will unquestionably have been reduced. Latest cables follow: (Continued on page 29, col. 2} IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 24 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL November, 1929 SHIPPING REVIEW By H. M. CAVENDER General Agent, The Robert Dollar Company Shipping during the past month has again been comparatively quiet, altho in most lines some improvement was shown over the previous month and there is every indication of increased offerings for the balance of the year. There is still considerably more space available than cargo of fering, this being es pecially true on the Pacific Coast berth, which is over tonnaged. Shipments to the Atlantic Coast have been fair, with the exception of hemp, which is still very dull, no doubt due to the continued weak prices for this commodity. To Europe shipments have been fairly good; copra cake being particularly active, hemp shipments fair and lumber moving in about the usual quantities. From statistics compiled by the Associated Steamship Lines, there were exported from the Philippines during the month of September. To China and Japan ports, 11,336 tons with a total of 50 sailings, of which 6,671 tons were carried in American bottoms with 15 sailings; to the Pacific coast for local delivery 20,582 tons with a total of 16 sailings, of which 16,158 tons were carried in American bottoms with 13 sail ings; to the Pacific coast for overland delivery, 1,463 tons with a total of 12 sailings, of which 719 tons were carried in American bottoms with 10 sailings; to the Pacific coast for intercoastal delivery, 2,295 tons with a total of 14 sailings, of which 2,264 tons were carried in American Manila to New York via Suez and Europe See the OÜ World on your trip home. Stops of several days in many ports. You can travel through Europe and catch our boat for New York via Southampton, England, at Bremen. “The Most Interesting Trip In The World.” NORDDEUTSCHER LLOYD Zuellig & von Knobelsdorff Agents 90 Rosario, Manila Phone 22324 bottoms with 13 sailings; to the Atlantic coast 37,478 tons with a total of 18 sailings, of which 21,677 tons were carried in American bottoms with 6 sailings; to European ports, 25,218 tons with a total of 20 sailings, of which 318 tons were carried in American bottoms with 2 sailings; to Australian ports, 660 tons with a total of 1 sailing, of which American bottoms carried none, or a grand total of 99,032 tons with a total of 78 sail ings, of which American bottoms carried 47,807 tons with 23 sailings. The following figures show passenger traffic moving during the month of October, (first figure represents first class, second figure steer age): To China and Japan 164-257, to Honolulu 5-293, to the Pacific coast 63-146, to Singapore and Straits Settlements 9-13, to Mediterranean ports 20-1, to America via Suez 3-0, a total of 264 first class and 710 steerage passengers de parting from the Philippines. The next few months will show a very good increase in transpacific passenger business, both first class and steerage. *The route via Honolulu is an exceedingly popular one, and it is safe to say that the greatest movement to the Pacific coast will be to San Francisco via Honolulu. Steerage business has been greatly crippled in the past few months due to very rigid quarantine regulations with reference to this class of pas sengers entering the United States. Recently, however, these regulations have been modified and instead of steamers being allowed to carry only 25% of the licensed berthing capacity, they are now permitted to carry up to 50%. It is hardly necessary to add that all of this space will be taken indefinitely. Practically all steamers arriving at Manila are bringing large lists of first-class passengers, com posed of tourists mainly, and commercial tra velers. This will continue through the Winter months and will serve to corroborate the con tention that the Philippines should maintain a tourist bureau as an aid to passengers arriving at this port. A great many tourists arrive in Manila, finding the facilities very poor for enabl ing them to see the many points of interest over the islands. If the plans of the Philippine Tourist Association are carried out, this condi tion will be much improved and the islands will greatly benefit by the large sums of money which are spent annually by tourists. The s.s. Malolo, with the States Steamship company as agents and the American Express company in charge of tour features, arrived in Manila on October 28 with over 300 prominent passengers from the United States on a trip around the Pacific. This special tour is a good-will mission to encourage trade between the United States and the countries bordering the Pacific. Round-the-World passenger business for the next few winter months will be extremely good. Practically all lines from here to Europe via Suez will be carrying large lists of passengers. V. M. Smith, shipping-board representative, arrived in Manila October 14 aboard the Pres ident Cleveland from the United States and departed for the Homeland November 1 aboard the President Pierce. Ralph Johnson, assistant director for Orient, United States Shipping Board, left Manila on a business trip to Japan October 18 aboard the President Cleveland. F. Danks, formerly connected with Smith, Bell & Co, Ltd., Cebu, joined the L. Everett, Inc., October 1 and is stationed at Iloilo. B. F. Butler, formerly connected with the American Mail Line, Seattle, arrived in Manila October 24 aboard the Empress of Asia to join the Manila office of L. Everrett, Inc Theodor Meyer, local agent for the Norddeutcher Lloyd, returned to Manila October 17 aboard the Trier from a combined business and pleasure trip to Europe, being absent only few months. Mr. Meyer’s niece, Miss Elfriede Trumm, returned with him from Europe. J. Wells, formerly Agent for The Robert Dollar Co., Iloilo, returned to Manila October 28 aboard the President Pierce from a five-months’ pleasure trip around the world. Mr. Wells has taken up duties in the Manila office of The Robert Dollar Co. _____ G. P. Bradford, general agent, L. Everett, Inc., Manila, left Manila November 1 aboard the Kinau for the southern islands in the interests of his company. Erwin Laspi, for several years assistant ship ping agent for Behn, Meyer and Company, left Manila October 18 aboard the Vogtland bound for Hamburg on vacation. Mr. L^spi has been re lieved by John Steenhusen, who arrived in Manila from the United States about five months ago. H. M. Cavender, general agent for The Robert Dollar Co., with headquarters in Manila, de parted for southern islands October 22 aboard the Stuart Dollar and is expected back in Manila around November 9. Mr. Cavender’s trip was purely business, in the interests of his company. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL November, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 25 RAIL COMMODITY MOVEMENTS By L. ARCADIO Actino Traffic Manager, Manila Railroad Company. FREIGHT REVENUE CAR LOADINGS COMMODITIES The commodities received in Manila September 26 to October 25, 1929, both inclusive, via Manila Railroad are as follows: 1929 Rice, cavans............................ September 134,312 October 142,375 Sugar, piculs............................ 2,856 54,824 Tobacco, bales......................... 32,160 39,000 Copra, piculs............................ 240,350 305,400 Coconuts................................... . . 1,709,400 2,290,750 Lumber, B. F.......................... 866,700 835,650 Desiccated coconuts, cases.... 20,828 21,525 The freight revenue car loading statistic for four weeks endingJOctober 26, 1929 as compared with four weeks of the same month of the year 1928 are given below: Rice.................................. Palay................................ Sugar................................ Sugar cane....................... Copra............................... Coconuts.......................... Hemp.............................. Tobacco.......................... Livestock......................... Mineral Products........... Lumber and Timber. . . . Other Forest Products.. . Manufactures................... All others including LCL. < Total..................... NUMBER OF FREIGHT CARS FREIGHT TONNAGE INCREASE OR DECREASE 1929 1928 1929 1928 Cars Tonnage 670 466 8,289 5,189 204 3,100 172 75 2,309 684 97 1,625 61 50 2,131 1,383 11 748 144 361 2,444 7,316 (217) (4,872) 1,150 1,197 12,075 11,408 (47) 667 275 2S8 3,307 3,186 (13) 121 4 15 22 91 (11) (69) 22 52 227 445 (30) (218) 91 98 458 493 (7) (35) 435 314 4,117 2,938 121 1,179 200 208 4,614 4,495 (8) 119 10 3 101 17 7 84 317 396 4,528 4,880 (79) (352) 3,427 3,867 26,571 31,111 (440) (4,540) 6,978 7,390 71.193 73,636 (412) (2,443) It’s Really Socking! An infant’s socks are dainty, A flapper’s silken, small, And why do women much too fat Go round with none at all? They say the fashion now has changed, Nice women wear long skirts, And while they’re maybe not so hot It’s the humility that hurts! A couple with mutual literary tastes planned upon a family of two children, to whom they would give literary names. They named their first child Preface, accordingly, and their second Finis. But a third one soon blessed the union, and the literary tradition was kept up by calling the child Addenda. In two more years, when a fourth child made its appearance, the desperate parents chose the explanatory name Errata. SUMMARY Week ending October 5... Saturday, 1,744 1,705 17,456 15,856 39 1,600 Week ending October 12.. Saturday, 1,729 1,763 17,349 16,832 (34) 517 Week ending October 19.. Saturday, 1,710 1,817 18,018 17,787 (107) 231 Week ending Saturday, October 26.................... 1,795 2,105 18,370 23,161 (310) (4,791) Total.. . . 6,978 7,390 71,193 73,636 (412) (2,443) Note:—Figures in parenthesis indicate decrease. As may be seen above the decrease in number of cars and ton nage may be attributed to the decrease of shipments of commo dities transported in less than carload lots as well as to the cutting of sugar cane products this year. i i AMERICAN MAIL LINE DOLLAR STEAMSHIP LINE COMBINED TRANSPACIFIC SERVICE SAILING ONCE A WEEK The “President” Liners Offer Speed—Service—Courtesy—Comfort Excellent Food, Comfortable Cabins, Broad Decks, American Orchestra, Dancing, Swimming Pool, Sports SAILING ONCE A WEEK TO SAN FRANCISCO AND LOS ANGELES via Hongkong, Shanghai, Kobe, Yokohama, and Honolulu SAILINGS ON ALTERNATE FRIDAYS ROUND THE WORLD President Monroe - - - - Nov. 20 President Wilson - - - Dec. 4 President Van Buren - - - Dec. 18 President Garñeld - - - Jan. 1 President Polk - - - - - Jan. 15 Sailings every fortnight NEW TRANS PACIFIC SERVICE To San Francisco via Hongkong and Honolulu Pres. Hayes, Nov. 23 at 4 p.m. VICTORIA AND SEATTLE via Hongkttug, Shanghai, Kobe, and Yokohama SAILINGS ON ALTERNATE SATURDAYS 24 Calle David MANILA Telephone No. 2-24-41 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 26 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL November, 1929 THE RICE INDUSTRY By Percy A. Hill of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija. Director, Rice Producers' Association Prices for both palay and rice have taken a sag, the former having much lower offerings due to supply acquired at high prices. Once stocks reduced lower rice prices will obtain. Palay prices at termi nals from P3.70 to P4 per cavan with rice at consuming centers from P8.80 to PIO ac cording to grade. Stocks ample to connect with incoming crop offered within sixty days. Estimates for the coming crop will be avail able within twenty days and will register an advance over the crop of last year in any event. Holders of rice stocks in Manila are rapidly disposing of same so as to acquire cash to pur chase coming crop, as the warehousing law, is simply a law—with no takers. Supplies will be bought outright for milling and distribution as with other commodities. The producer im effect has lost his gain from the deposit function thrown into the discard by a law passed without consulting him as the one most vitally concerned. Consequently we can expect a certain disloca tion of the market due to this cause, not to speak of the loss to the producer of a very large sum that ordinarily would pass into the regular chan nels of trade and business. Furthermore, the inability of the buyers and millers to mobilize cash resources will further depress the market, and in turn affect the producers of other crops. This solving of questions by laws that will not work is only another backward step in the line of economics and progress. The rice indus try for the moment is progressing backward. Stability of supply is also thrown out of balance for as we have stated the deposit function given the producer by the Chinese buying interests was not all in their favor but it did tend to stabi lize market supplies. The supply hold back in producer, camarins instead of being held at terminals for immediate liquidation, will cause REVIEW OF THE HEMP MARKET By L. L. Spellman Macleod and Company THE MANILA HOTEL LEADING HOTEL IN THE ORIENT Designed and constructed to secure coolness, sanitation and comfort under tropic climatic conditions Provides every Western convenience combined with every Oriental luxury Finest Dance Orchestra in the Far East Management - - WALTER E. ANTRIM This report covers the Manila hemp market for the month of Oct ober with statistics up to and including October 28th, 1929. U. S. Grades: The first of the month found the New York Market dull with shippers ap parently extremely an xious to make sales. Nominal asking prices were: E, 11-1/2 cents; F, 10-5/8 cents; G, 8 cents; I, 10-1/4 cents; JI, 9-1/2 cents; SI, 10-3/8 cents; S2, 9-7/8 cents; S3, 8-1/4 cents. For the first half of the month the market con tinued depressed and offerings were unusually heavy. By the 15th prices had declined to: E, 11-1/4 cents; F, 10 cents; G, 7-7/8 cents; I, 9-1/2 cents; JI, 9-1/8 cents; SI, 9-7/8 cents; 52, 9-1/4 cents; S3, 8 cents; with very little business passing. The remainder of the month was extremely quiet with manufacturers showing very little interest in fiber. A few sales were made of the lower grades but high-grade hemp was practically unsaleable. At the end of the month shippers were offering at: E, 10-1/2 cents; F, 9-3/4 cents; G, 7-7/8 cents; I, 9—1/2 cents; JI, 9-1/8 cents; SI, 9-5/8 cents; S2, 9-3/8 cents; 53, 8 cents. These quotations were purely nominal and reports indicate that shippers would have shaded these prices from 1/8 cents to 1/4 cents. The usual premium enjoyed by Davao hemp disappeared entirely and in some cases sales of small quantities of Davao grades were reported at prices below the same grades from other districts. REAL ESTATE By P. D. Carman San Juan Heights Addition October transfers of Manila property were less than in recent years, with the one exception of October 1926, as shown by the following: a loss to the producer of at least P0.20 a cavan, by shrinkage only, lot alone possible inability to bring it to market later in the season. To date we have seen nobody willing to embark in the warehousing business in the rice provinces. However, now is the accepted time for others than Chinese to enter the game if they choose to do so. Conditions are in their favor, assum ing they have both the ambition plus the ability to compete. In Manila the market was rather quiet with exporters buying on a basis of: E, P25.50; F, P23.50; G, P17.25; I, P22.50; JI, P20.50; Si, P22.75, S2, 21.50; S3, P17.75. The market here for high-grade hemp declined in sympathy with the consuming markets and by the 15th exporters were paving: E, P24; F, P22; G, P17.25; I, P21, Jf, P19.50; SI, P21; S2, P20; S3, P17.50. There was very little change throughout the balance of the month and on the 31st, sales were made at: E, P24; F, P22, I, P21; JI, P19.75; G, P17.25; SI, P21.50; S2, P20.25; S3, P17.75. Buyers in this market OCTOBER 1924 ....... Pl,543,486 1925 ....... 2,358,825 1928.. . . 1929.. . . 1926.... P 752,130 1927. . . . 1,311,380 Pl,110,229 1,003,124 Sta. Cruz..................... Binondo....................... San Nicolas................. Tondo.......................... Sampaloc..................... San Miguel................. Quiapo......................... Intramuros.................. Ermita......................... Malate......................... Paco............................. Sta. Ana...................... Pandac^n..................... Sta. Mesa.................... Singalong..................... Sales City of Manila Sept. 1929 Oct. 1929 P 145,463 282,403 17,399 98,547 152,489 35,000 43,000 48,500 54,398 98,909 20,534 19,762 150,501 1,000 12,000 P 177,744 61,441 432 154,743 108,017 114,921 35,500 65,000 192,757 57,205 19,014 16,350 THE YOKOHAMA SPECIE BANK --------------- --------- ¡...... . i LTD. (ESTABLISHED 1880) HEAD OFFICE: YOKOHAMA, JAPAN Yen Capital (Paid Up) • - - - 100,000,000.00 Reserve Fund - 108,500,000.00 Undivided Profits - 10,420,920.97 MANILA BRANCH 600 DASMARINAS, MANILA K. YABUKI Manager PHONE 2-37-59—MANAGER PHONE | C"”” Pl,179,905 Pl,003,124 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL November, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 27 were not at all eager and a good deal of the hemp has gone into store awaiting higher prices. Re ports are current that a good many provincial dealers are storing their hemp in anticipation of better prices later on. There are persistent reports to the effect that production is falling off owing to low prices. However, receipts con tinue very full. U. K. Grades: The first of the month found the London market steady with sales being made on the basis of: J2, £36; K, £30.10; LI, £30.10; L2, £27.5; Ml, £27.5; M2, £24.10; DL, £24.10; DM, £21. The consumers bought a fair quan tity during the first fortnight and prices on a good many of the grades moved up. The middle of the month found buyers paying: J2, £35.10; K, £32; LI, £31.5; L2, £28; Ml, £27.15, M2, £25.10; DL, £25.10; DM, £20. Toward the latter part of the month the demand eased off and the market closed rather quiet with shippers offering on the basis of: J2, £35.10; K, £31; LI, £31; L2, £27; Ml, £27; M2, £24.15; DL, £24.15; DM, £19.10; with very little business doing. The Manila market for the lower grades was fairly steady throughout the month. At the opening shippers were buying on the basis of: J2, P16.75; K, P13.50; LI, F13.50; L2, P11.50; Ml, P11.50; M2, PIO; DL, P10; DM, P7.75. Prices moved up in sympathy with the U. K. market and by the 15th shippers were paying: J2, P16.50; K, P14; LI, P13.75; L2, P11.75; Ml, P11.75; M2, P10.50; DL, P10.50; DM, P8. There was a slight reaction and the market closed slightly easier with shippers paying: J2, P16; K, P13.75; LI, P13.25; L2, P11.50; Ml, P11.50; M2, PIO; DL, P10; DM, P8. Japan: This market continues to pursue the policy of buying from hand to mouth and they are taking full advantage of the low prices in both the IT. S. and U. K. markets. It is believed stocks in Japan are gradually being reduced and that they will require a fair amount of hemp before long. Maguey: Production of Manila Maguey has not yet started. There is still a small amount available in this market and also a fair quantity was carried over from last year in the provinces. Cebu Maguey has been prac tically unchanged throughout the month. Most of the buying was done on the basis of Pl 1.75 for No. 2 and P10 for No. 3. At the present time buyers are paying P0.25 less. Supplies exceed the demand and stocks are gradually accumulating. Production: Receipts continue full and the total for the year will reach at least 1,500,000 Bs. of Abaca and there will be more than 150,000 Bs. of other fibers produced. If low prices continue, the production of high-grade hemp will unquestionably decrease but this will have a tendency to increase the number of bales as a greater quantity of low-grade hemp can be produced in a given time than of high-grade fiber. Freight Rates: There is no change in rates on hemp since last report. Statistics: The figures below are for the period ending October 28th, 1929. Manila Hemp On hand January 1st. . Receipts to date........... Shipments to— IT. K............................ Continent.................... U. S... ......................... Japan........................... All Others................... 1,497,854 1,280,906 1929 Bs. 280,994 148,990 474,806 306,045 67,090 1928 Bs. 291,851 173,388 312,842 266,831 88,674 1,277,925 1,133,586 Review of the Exchange Market (Continued from page 22) month end sellers were quoting 2/-5/16 for TT and buyers were offering 2/-1/2. On September 30th the New York-London cross-rate closed at 486 and was low for October at 485 23/32 on the 3rd of that month. A spectacular and rapid rise followed, the high point reached being 488 1/32 on October 24th from which level the rate eased slightly and closed at 487 29/32 on October 31st. London Bar Silver was quoted at 23 3/16 ready and 23 1/4 forward on September 30th, touched a high for October on the first at 23 CHARTERED BANK OF inadYd’ chintaralia Capital and Reserve Fund..................................... £7,000,000 Reserve Liability of Proprietor................................ 3,000,000 MANILA BRANCH ESTABLISHED 1872 SUB-BRANCHES AT CEBU, ILOILO AND ZAMBOANGA Every description of banking business transacted. Branches in every important town throughout India, China, Japan, Java, Straits Settlements, Federated Malay States, French Indo-China, Siam, and Borneo; also in New York. Head Office: 38 Bishopsgate, London, E. C. Travel Coast Limited” T. H. FRASER, Manager. Manila. East via the “North Chicago! Leaves Seattle at 11:00 A. M. for all the principal cities of the United States. Two days of sightseeing through America’s greatest mountains. A particularly satisfying fea ture of Northern Pacific travel is its diner service. The luxurious, new Observa tion-Club car with its deep, rest ful lounge—cushioned chairs— library—writing corner—club rooms—showers—and maid and valet service—affords many hours of pleasure. New-type Pullmans and pow erful, new locomotives. You will find unusual travel comfort and courteous, personal service aboard this fine train. The Japan Tourist Bureau, American Express Company, Thos. Cook & Son, Shanghai Commercial & Savings Bank or any ‘ trans-Pacific steamship company, will gladly furnish additional information. CraY1íorá» G* A- R- J- Tozer, A. G. P. A. E. E. Blackwood, G. A. 501 Granville Street 2C0 L. C. Smith Bldg. 912 Government Street Vancouver, B. C. Seattle, Wash., U. S. A. Victoria, B. C. Northern Pacific Railway 108) 5/16 ready and 23 3/8 forward, dropped to a low of 22 15/16 ready and 23 1/16 forward on several occasions and finally closed at 23 ready and 23 3/16 forward. Bar Silver in New York stood at 50 1/4 on September 30th and fluctuated between the limits of 50 1/4 and 49 5/8 during October, clos ing at 49 7/8. Telegraphic transfers on other points were quoted as follows on October 31st: Paris, 12.40; Madrid, 146 1/4; Singapore, 115 3/4; Japan, 98; Shanghai, 89 1/8; Hong kong, 88 5/8; India, 134 3/4; Java, 122 1/2. November 2, 1929. Stop oSt at Yellowstone Park Season June iS-Sept. SO Without exception this is the most unique outdoor playground in all the world—3,500 square miles of geysers in eruption—hot col ored pools—boiling lakes—the deep, brilliant gulf of the Grand Canyon—and big, friendly bears to amuse you. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 28 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL November, 1929 OCTOBER SUGAR REVIEW By George H. Fairchild New York Market: —Few transactions were reported during the first week of the month since buyers generally would not pay more than 2-5/16 cents c. and f. (4.08 cents 1. t.) for prompt shipment Cu bas. zYlthough a small sale was made on the 3rd of the month by the Single Selling Agency at 2.21 cents f. o. b. (4.13 cents 1. t.), this spurt in the market was temporary since free sugars were obtainable at 2-5/16 cents c. and f. Business was practically at a standstill during the second week owing to the disagreement as to values between buyers and principal holders and the reduced opportunities for business on the Exchange. Although it was reported that the Agency had fixed 2-3/8 cents c. and f. (4.14 cents 1. t.) at which to begin its operations, there were no buyers for prompt shipment Cubas on the 10th even at 2J4 cents c. and f. (4.02 cents 1. t.). In the third week substantial offerings were made on the basis of 2-5/16 cents c. and f. (4.08 cents 1. t.) at which price no buyers could be found and at the close of the week only small transactions had been made at 2-9/32 cents c. and f. (4.05 cents 1. t.), the market develop ing a downward tendency. The weak tone of the previous week was accentuated during the fourth week resulting from pressure to sell. Large quantities of Cubas were offered on the 24th in all positions which did not attract buyers and at the close of the week there were sellers but no buyers at 2—3/16 cents c. and f. (3.96 cents 1. t.). During the last week the low’est prices for the month were recorded as a result of the crash on the Stock Exchange and the oversupply of sugar in the United States and the offerings by the “Pool” on a weak market. Small sales were made by the Single Selling Agency on the 25th for December shipment at 2.21 cents c. and f. (3.98 cents 1. t.), after which the market became nervous until at the end of the month there were sellers but no buyers of Cubas at 2-1/32 cents c. and f. (3.80 cents 1. t.) and of Philippine centrifugals near arrivals at 3.77 cents 1. t., equivalent to about P8.75 per picul ex godown Manila. The latest estimate of the next Cuban crop, the milling of which it was reported may not begin until February 1st., was placed at 4,495,000 tons, although this figure is generally considered to be a minimum one. The latest visible world stocks were 2,038,000 tons as compared with 1,572,000 tons at the same time last year and 1,548,000 tons at the same time in 1927. Futures: Quotations on the Exchange during October fluctuated as follows, the lowest figures having been registered at the end of the month: Hifih Low Latest 1929—December.. .... 2.34 2.01 2.01 1930—Januarv... . .... 2.31 2.02 2.02 March....... .... 2.33 2.08 2.08 May.......... .... 2.35 2.15 2.15 July.................. 2.42 2.22 2.22 September. ....... 2.48 2.27 2.27 Philippine Sales: During the month under review', sales of Philippine centrifugals in the Atlantic Coast were reported as follows: 3,125 tons, afloats and for future delivery, at prices ranging from 3.83 cents to 3.90 cents 1. t. as com pared with sales amounting to 14,500 tons during the same period last year at prices ranging from 3.80 cents to 3.93 cents landed terms. Europe :—Although the latest estimate issued by Licht as to the next beet crop in Europe was placed at 8,174,000 tons, which was 20,000 tons in excess of his previous estimate, it is 194,000 tons less than last year’s outturn. Local Market:—The local market was firm during the first week, exporters’ nominal quota tions being P9.375/F9.50. New-crop Philip pine centrifugals for immediate delivery were sold in the second wreek to a local refinery at P9.75. Small quantities have changed hands in the third w’eek at unchanged prices, but in the fourth wFeek most of the new-crop sugar were bought by Chinese dealers and the local refinery on the basis of P9.50/F9.80 per picul ex go7 down Manila. During the last week, however, in sympathy with the decline in prices in the United States, local values dropped w’hen a local refinery bought small parcels at F9.00 per picul, w’hile exporters were quoting only P8.75/P8.875. Crop Prospects: Weather conditions during the month under review have been favorable to the growth of the 5 oung cane and the harvesting of the 1929-30 crop, the milling of which has been commenced at many of the centrals. The estimate of the 1929-30 crop released last month, placing it at approximately 727,375 metric tons as compared with approximately 700,000 tons for the previous crop, remains unchanged. Philippine Exports: Exports of sugar from the Philippines for the 1928-29 crop from Nov ember 1, 1928, to October 31, 1929, amounted to 669,909 tons, segregated as follows: Metric tons Centrifugals........... 639,764 Muscovados........... 23,735 Refined................... 6,410 Total............... 669,909 Java Market:—The Java market was prac tically firm throughout the month under review at substantially unchanged prices. During the last week, however, it became dull on the basis of the following (second-hand) quotations for superiors (plantation w'hites): November.......... Gs. 12-3/4— P6.89I per P. I. December...........Gs. 12-7/8— 6.96) picul Jan., Feb., Mar...Gs. 13-1/8— 7.09| f. o. b. Manila ROPE Manila-Made An American Manufacturing Concern, pioneers in the industry, established in the home of Manila fiber, the best cordage material known. CORDAGE—TWINE—YARNS Johnson-Pickett Rope Company Telegraphic Address Phone 2-23-11 PICKETROPE, MANILA P. O. Box 1457 The Incorporated ! (Accepted by all the Bureaus of the Insular Government) Executes bonds of all kinds for Customs, Immigration and Internal Revenue. DOCUMENTS SURETYSHIPS For Executors, Administrators, Receivers, Guardians, etc. We also write Fire and Marine Insurance Low rates iberal conditions ocal investments oans on real estate repayable by monthly or quarterly instal ments at low interest Call or write for particulars Room 403, Filipinas Bld&. P. O. Box 128 Manila, P. I. TOBACCO REVIEW Alhambra Cigar and Cigarette Manufacturing Co. Raw Leaf:—The market position in local and export grades showed no change during October. Comparative figures for October shipments abroad are as follows: Rawleaf, Stripped Tobacco and Scraps Australia.............................. 192 China................................... 1,750 France................................. 1,040,773 Great Britain...................... 487 Hongkong............................ 5,444 Japan................................... 42,120 Korea.................................. 106,704 North Africa....................... 52,146 North Atlantic (Europe). . 14,640 Spain................................... 481,045 United States..................... 77,699 Uruguay.............................. 24,035 1,847,035 September, 1929................. 248,701 October, 1928..................... 730,451 Cigars:—Conditions in the United States continue rather unfavorable for Manila cigars. While the American machine made cigars, na tionally advertised, are ever gaining more ground, the position for Manila cigars becomes the longer the more difficult. Statistics of cigars shipped to the United States compare as follows: Cigars October, 1929................... 16,311,308 September, 1929............... 15,477,900 October, 1928................... 16,110,715 THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND COMMUNICATIONS BUREAU OF POSTS MANILA SWORN STATEMENT | (Required by act 2580) I The undersigned The American Chamber of Commerce of the Philippines, owner or pub lisher of The American Chamber of Commerce Journal, published monthly in Manila, P. I., after having been duly sworn in accordance with lawherebysubmitsthe following statement of own ership, management, circulation, etc.,as requir ed by Act 2580 of the Philippine Legislature: Editor, Walter J. Robb, P. O. Box 1G38, Manila. Business Manager, Walter J. Robb, P. O. Box 1638, Manila. Owners or stockholders hold ing one per cent or more of interest, stock, bond or other securities: None. Bondholders, mortgages, or other security hold ers of one per cent or more of total value: None. Manila, P. L, October 18, 1929. Walter J. Robb. Subscribed and sworn to before me this 18th of October, 1929, the declarant having exhibited his cédula No. F-4266 issued at Manila, P. I. on January 11, 1929. Teodorico Bolaong, Notary Public. My Commission expires Dec. 31, 1930 Page 23, No. 110 Series 7, 1929. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL November, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 29 LUMBER REVIEW By Arthur F. Fischer Director of Forestry The present lumber review deals with the lumber industry for the last seven months cover ing the period from February 1 to August 31, 1929. Lumber production during these seven months continues nor mal, compared with that of the month of Jan uary, 1929, but exceed ed by about 17,000,000 board feet that of the corresponding period last year, based on re ports received from 39 important sawmills in the Islands. The mill production during the period of February to August, 1929, is 145,765264 board feet as against 128,835,792 board feet for the same period last year. This increase production which is expected to continue thruout the year is due to improvements made in the old mills which brought about increased effi ciency and also the construction of new mills. Incomplete reports show that about 1*500,000 worth of equipment, calculated to increase the efficiency of the mills and bring about increased production, was invested during this period. There has been increased business transactions of the different mills during this period as shown by the lumber deliveries from mills totalling to 146,203,015 board feet as compared to 128,795,517 board feet for the same period last year, or an increase of over 17,000,000 board feet during the seven months covered by this report. Of the total lumber deliveries from mills about 88,075,000 board feet were stocked by local markets or nearly 12,500,000 board feet per month. The above lumber deliveries from mills of 146,203,015 board feet does not include the logs exported during this period which amount to 15,178,776 board feet valued at P589,848 as compared with 8,798,424 board feet of logs valued at 4*301,484 exported during the same period last year. The lumber inventory for the period of Feb ruary to August, 1929, gives a total of 255,604,310 board feet as compared with 230,879,412 board feet for the same period last year, an indication that there is considerable stock of lumber in the yards of the different mills in the Islands. Export shipment records during the period of February to August show that there had been active business transactions with foreign mar kets. There had been a total export of lumber alone during the period an amount of 58,128,704 board feet valued at P4,098,242 as compared with 48,930,896 board feet valued at 1*3,565,692 for the same period last year, or an increase of about 20%. Except for the month of March when Japan led in the volume of export, the United States continued to lead in the volume of export trade both in lumber consumed and in value during the period covered by this review. Practically all the exports to Japan are round logs. Lumber prices abroad seem satisfactory, except in Japan towards the middle of the year. A slight decrease in lumber prices in Japan is attributed to the money market and the retrench ment policy of the Imperial Government which partially suspended building construction there by decreasing the demand. It is hoped that the decrease of lumber prices in Japan will not last more than nine months. Local prices have been stationery during the period with a slight de crease during June and July due in part to overstocking and slowing up of construction work on account of the advent of the rainy season. From tables furnished by Director Fischer come the following: . Values of lumber exported by 39 mills report ing for the months February to August inclusive are, February 1*463,209, March 1*524,741, April 1*613,200, May 1*480,693 June 4*929,375, July 1*651,532, August 1*435,510, total 1*4,098,242. Total mill production of the 39 mills during the same period was 145,765.264 M board Copra and Its Products (Continued from page 23) New York, 6-7/8 cents c. i. f.; San Francisco, 6-5/8 cents f. o. b. tankers; Manila, 31 cents per kilo in drums. Copra Cake:—October demand for copra cake on the continent has been the worst the trade has known for the past several years. With lack of demand resellers were forced to sell the market down to £8-0-0 for shipments afloat. Our advices indicate small stocks in the hands of consuming buyers, but it seems that the day-to-day offerings by Hamburg and foreign mills plus the selling pressure of resellers feet comparing with 128,835,792 M board feet, during the same period of 1928. In addition there were shipments of 15,178.776 M board feet of lumber in the log, valued at 1*589,848, comparing with 8,798.424 M board feet shipped during the same period of 1928, vajued at 1*301,484. Japan and the United States were the big customers for lumber and logs alike. Take the NEW EMPIRE BUILDER Companion train to the ORIENTAL LIMITED ITH either Seattle or San Francisco as your Port of Entry into the United States, you can take the smartly appointed and serviced no extra fare New Empire Builder, conpanion train to the Oriental Limited, to eastern America. From Seattle or Port land, it reaches Chicago in 61X hours. Follows the courses of ten great rivers and traverses over 1200 clean, cinderless miles behind giant electric and oil-burning CLEAN, CINDERLESS, LUXURIOUS, SCENIC ROUTE Apply to Tourist Agencies orTrans-Pacific Steamship Lines or write J. Wesley Young, Gen’l Agent, Pass’r Dept., 1400 4th Ave., Seattle, Wash. A. H. Hebb, Agent, 916 Government St., Victoria, B. C. Edw. A. Dye, Gen’l Agent, 607 Hastings St., Vancouver, B. C. C. A. Gerken, Gen’l Agent, 679 Market St., San Francisco, Cal. M. J. Costello, West. Traf. Mgr., Seattle, Wash. Cable address: Hillrail are more th’m sufficient to take care of present demand. Latest cable advices follow; Hamburg, £8-0-0 afloat, £8-5-0 futures; San Francisco, no quotations; Manila sellers, 1*60.00 per metric ton ex-godown with little buying interest. _____ The above is the last of Mr. Seidenspinner's reviews of copra and copra products in his ca pacity with the Copra Milling Corporation, which has become a property of Spencer Kellogg Ar Sons, Inc., of Philadelphia, and is operating since November 1 under their management. When Mr. Seidenspinner writes the November review, for December publication, it will be in his new capacity as President of Manila, Export Corporation. This company is devoted almost exclusively to trading in copra, copra cake and coconut products and has in Mr. Seidenspinner one of the leading experts in the business. It is a particular pleasure to state that our readers are to continue enjoying Mr. Seidenspinner's painstaking accuracy and conservatism in re viewing this important industry.—Ed. locomotives, through mountains, forests and prairies. Enroute you will see the electrified New Cascade Tunnel, longest in the Western Hemisphere—8 miles through the Cascade Mountains —shortening the distance across America on the Great Northern Railway. At Chicago make con nections with fast de luxe trains for Detroit, Cleveland, Pittsburgh, Philadelphia, New York, Boston, Washington, D. C., and other American cities. A Dependable Railway IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 30 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL November, 1929 Luzon Stevedoring Co., Inc. Lightering, Marine Contractors Towboats, Launches, Waterboats Shipbuilders and Provisions SIMMIE 8s GRILK Phone 2-16-61 Port Area Commercial Printing is a silent but powerful messenger, and your letter heads, billheads, cards, envelopes, etc., when well printed, all help to build up that feeling of confidence so much desired in this modern business age. Close personal attention to every phase of a printed job is an invariable feature of McCullough Service, and our repu tation for producing good printing merits your patronage. McCullough printing company (A Division of Philippine Education Co., Inc.) ioi escolta Phone 21801 manila, p. i. The snake-skin business, about two years old in Manila, is thriving well enough to have attracted three exporters to it, besides the men who buy skins for local use in making shoes and novelties. The business runs by seasons. Sea snakes are caught abundantly in fish traps during the season from November to March, or until typhoon weather compels fisher men to remove their traps from the water and store them; hundreds of seasnake skins are daily on the market. Lizard skins are also more abundant during the dry season, when the reptiles gravitate to the water courses, lakes and standing ponds and are more easily caught than during the rainy season when they easily obtain water and scatter everywhere to do their foraging. Pythons are not plentiful to supply export demands, but quite a number are caught during all months of the year; they come from Intramuros, Fort Santiago, lumber yards along the esteros, and other places where rodents and chickens, their favorite provender, may be plen tiful. Prices for pythons vary of course with the size of the reptiles; baby pythons bring Pl each; python skins, 6 inches or more in width, bring from Pl to P5 a meter. Lizard skins, 8 inches wide, bring from P0.75 to Pl.50 each, and sea-snakes from P0.12 to P0.25 each. Holland, Germany, England and the United States are customers. One Outstanding Fact Sift the Bunk from present day Tire Advertising —more miles, better made—purer rubber— secret processes, and so forth. Generalities anyone may claim! In paying out money for tires, you want Facts. One is so overwhelmingly outstanding no intel ligent buyer can overlook it: MORE PEOPLE RIDE ON GOODYEAR TIRES THAN ON ANY OTHER KIND Goodyear Tires have been proved best by millions —proved best on the road where claims are judged by results. A proof of Goodyear popularity is that Goodyear makes more tires by many thousands each year, than any other concern. Mere luck had nothing to do with this supremacy, Goodyear Tires had to be good to make good. Our Service is on a par with Goodyear quality. We help you get 100 % usefulness from your tires. The secret of Goodyear leadership is known to millions who ride on Goodyears. Let us help you discover it. HOUSTON RUBBER CO. 548 Rizal Ave. MANILA Tel. 2-21-22 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL November, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 31 Commodities Sugar...................................................... Hemp.. .................................................. Coconut Oil......................................... Copra..................................................... Cigars (Number)................................. Embroidery........................................... Maguey.................................................. Leaf Tobacco....................................... Dessicated and Shredded Coconuts Hats (Number)................................... Lumber (Cubic Meter)..................... Copra Meal.......................................... Cordage................................................. Knotted Hemp................................... Pearl Buttons (Gross)....................... Canton (low grade cordage fiber).. All Other Products............................. Total Domestic Products................. United States Products..................... Foreign Products................................. Grand Total....................... PRINCIPAL IMPORTS PRINCIPAL EXPORTS Monthly average for 12 months August, 1929 August, 1928 ending August, 1929 Quantity Value % Quantity Value % Quantity Value % 23,882,853 P3,588,628 16.9 10,849,564 Pl,734,995 8.7 55,772,963 P9,021,525 31.2 16,164,718 5,031,040 23.8 12,014,231 3,648,234 18.2 15,625,691 4,806,721 16.7 13,510,732 3,948,120 18.7 10,719,336 3,524,727 17.6 16,039,662 3,596,771 12.5 10,880,908 1,873,853 8.8 21,482,446 4,203,758 21.0 17,933,281 3,522,027 12.4 17,124,982 696,953 3.2 21,084,735 924,840 4.7 2,152,335 709,220 2.6 1,293,406 6.2 802,558 4.1 938,344 3.3 1,552,285 309,174 1.3 820,103 164,922 0.9 1,334,759 277,114 1.0 3,690,744 1,065,615 4.9 1,847,578 557,339 2.9 1,961,496 673,587 2.4 2,139,181 675,777 3.1 2,611,890 964,405 4.9 1,728,179 612,057 2.1 59,882 255,907 1.1 114,069 578,696 2.9 135,615 624,063 2.2 11,203 408,437 1.8 17,024 582,501 3.0 15,041 523,192 1.8 11,302,188 712,236 3.2 7,799,806 565,663 2.9 8,890,675 638,887 2.2 576,928 313,653 1.3 594,377 334,145 1.7 369,435 319,630 1.1 77,019 246,238 1.1 21,132 72,294 0.4 65,654 231,967 0.8 54,146 59,068 0.2 95,554 90,035 0.5 59,374 66,846 0.3 454,899 90,399 0.4 679,440 124,613 0.7 578,176 108,139 0.4 808,412 3.8 803,984 4.1 2,093,836 7.3 P21.200.273 99.8 P19.525.575 99.2 P28.577.831 99.3 62,258 0.2 119,633 0.6 140,368 0.5 14,385 35,511 0.2 35,727 0.2 P21.276.916 100.0 P19,680,719 100.0 P28,753,926 100.0 Note:—All quantities are in kilos except where otherwise indicated. CARRYING TRADE Monthly average for Articles August, 1929 August, 1928 12 months ending August, 1929 IMPORTS Value % Value % Value % Cotton Cloths................... P 2,866,504 Other Cotton Goods........ 1,409,229 Iron and Steel, Except Machinery..................... Rice..................................... Wheat Flour..................... Machinery and Parts of.. Dairy Products................ Gasoline............................. Silk Goods......................... Automobiles...................... Vegetable Fiber Goods.. . Meat Products.................. Illuminating Oil................ Fish and Fish Products. . Crude Oil........................... Coal..................................... Chemicals, Dyes, Drugs, Etc.................................. Fertilizers........................... Vegetables......................... Paper Goods, Except Books............................. Tobacco and Manufac tures of.......................... Electrical Machinery.. . . Books and Other Printed Matters.......................... Cars and Carriages......... Automobile Tires............. Fruits and Nuts.............. Woolen Goods.................. Leather Goods................. Shoes and Other Foot ware................................ Coffee................................. Breadstuff, Except Wheat Flour............................... Eggs.................................... Perfumery and Other Toilet Goods................ Lubricating Oil................ Cacao Manufactures, Ex cept Candy................... Glass and Glassware.. . . Paints, Pigments, Var nish, Etc....................... Oils not separately listed. Earthern Stones and Chinaware..................... Automobile Accessories. . Diamond and Other Pre cious Stones Unset... . Wood, Reed, Bamboo, Rattan........................... India Rubber Goods.. . . Soap.................................... Matches............ Cattle.......................... ' ’ ’ ’ Explosives......................... Cement............................... Sugar and Molasses........ Motion Picture Films.. . Other Imports.................. 3,504,578 1,584,331 1,274,038 1,921,899 716,527 749,469 711,428 1,607,254 407,675 596,313 425.304 376,776 136,206 385,288 498,287 38,589 390,073 551,799 1,245,509 917,419 195,933 250,396 301,352 320,677 208,868 198,944 467,040 124,408 270,305 157,742 139,315 134,122 76,925 186,551 239,300 176,940 158,059 146,915 75,338 303,117 139,249 155,104 198,944 85,472 71,885 31,541 24,391 1,885,672 10.0 4.0 P 3,046,879 1,233,233 13.3 5.4 P 3,697,057 1,211,126 15.3 4.9 12.2 2,394,103 10.5 1,922,538 7.9 3.6 471,678 2.1 849,621 3.4 4.5 905,739 4.0 902,361 3.2 6.7 1,629,854 7.2 1,432,093 5.9 2.6 759,304 3.4 613,338 2.5 2.6 511,515 2.3 716,852 2.9 2.5 650,687 2.9 741,496 3.1 5.6 729,095 3.3 141,255 0.5 1.5 315,767 1.5 490,084 1.9 2.1 545,365 2.5 526,062 2.1 1.6 166,624 0.8 369,730 1.4 1.4 318,109 1.5 423,349 1.5 0.6 322,152 1.5 143,109 0.5 1.5 531,151 2.3 481,437 3.9 1.8 461,831 2.0 414,738 1.6 0.2 45,030 0.2 374,358 1.4 1.4 416,143 1.8 389,119 1.6 2.0 454,730 1.9 426,196 1.7 4.4 420,258 1.8 395,804 1.6 3.3 314,165 1.4 403,789 1.7 0.8 368,222 1.6 221,266 0.9 1.0 333,228 1.5 215,797 0.9 1.1 288,480 1.2 305,806 1.3 1.2 225,927 1.0 306,247 1.3 0.8 93,555 0.4 128,938 0.5 0.8 270,767 1.2 236,129 1.0 0.7 170,963 0.7 159,619 0.6 0.5 124,792 0.5 174,623 0.7 0.9 210,612 0.9 196,645 0.8 0.5 196,800 0.8 207,854 0.8 0.5 147,527 0.6 140,544 0.6 0.5 166,646 0.7 187,254 0.8 0.3 133,261 0.6 132,703 0.5 0.6 218,091 0.9 171,769 0.7 0.8 185,186 0.8 146,908 0.6 0.6 118,156 0.5 121,729 0.5 0.5 138,901 0.6 136,962 0.6 0.5 175,131 0.8 177,147 0.7 0.3 87,003 0.4 121,374 0.5 1.0 105,729 0.4 128,275 0.5 0.5 117,125 0.5 126,943 0.5 0.5 257,836 1.1 178,010 0.7 0.7 270,767 1.2 72,393 0.3 63,168 0.3 31,516 0.1 0.3 64,441 0.3 42,489 0.2 0.3 201,187 0.9 99,763 0.5 0.1 59,648 0.2 24,793 0.1 0.1 24,025 0.1 31,428 0.1 6.5 1,646,431 7.2 2,448,941 10.2 Monthly average for Nationality of Vessels August, 1929 August, 1928 12 months ending August, 1929 Value % Value % Value % . American............... ........... P14.817.501 51.2 Pll,050,904 47.9 P10,356,221 43.4 British..................... ......... 8,768,357 30.3 7,169,677 31.1 7,397,289 31.2 Japanese................. ........... 1,310,456 4.5 954,555 4.0 1,121,519 2.0 Dutch..................... ........... 745,884 2.6 533,040 2.3 675,580 2.3 German.................. ........... 1,192,138 4.1 1,916,089 8.3 1,660,466 7.2 Norwegian............. ........... 650,458 2.2 314,631 1.4 1,412,543 6.2 Philippine.............. ........... 208,698 0.4 226,174 1.0 113,101 0.8 Spanish.................. Chinese.................. . .......... 316,170 1.1 190,241 0.8 154,703 0.9 .......... 338,675 1.2 * 173,454 0.7 94,308 0.7 Swedish................... .......... 26,027 0.1 49,060 0.2 13,235 0.3 Danish............................... 248,308 0.9 291,986 1.4 French... ................. 45,622 0.2 56,277 0.4 By Freight.............. ......... P28.622.672 98.6 P22.623.447 97.9 P23.357.068 97.1 By Mail.................. ......... 416,328 1.4 483,570 2.1 654,300 2.9 Total. P29,039,000 100.0 P23,107,017 100.0 P24.011.367 100.0 EXPORTS Monthly average for Nationality of Vessels August, 1929 August, 1929 12 months ending August, 1929 Value % Value % Value % American................ .......... P 9,032,088 42.8 P10,581,216 52.1 P13,450,722 46.2 British................... ........... 7,364,270 34.8 6,319,767 31.8 7,387,015 25.3 Japanese................ . .......... 1,120,857 5.1 852,432 4.4 3,229,538 11.0 German.................. .......... 822,356 3.7 725,628 3.8 976,562 3.2 Norwegian.............. .......... 506,351 2.3 952,840 3.1 Spanish.................. . 1,280 107,765 0.3 Dutch...................... .......... 683,078 3.2 225,782 1.3 778,561 2.6 Philippines.............. 34,020 0.3 166,891 0.5 Chinese.............................. 37,656 0.1 28,332 0.1 Swedish.............................. 156,848 0.7 373,675 1.2 French...................... 4,880 Danish............................... 498,000 2.3 931,309 3.1 By Freight.............. ......... P20.221.504 95.0 P18.840.225 95.7 P27,737,748 96.6 By Mail................... ......... 1,055,412 5.0 840,594 4.3 1,015,329 3.4 Total.................. P21,276,916 100.0 P19,680,719 100.0 P28,753,926 100.0 TRADE WITH THE UNITED STATES AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES Total.................. P 29,039,000 100.0 P23,107,017 100.0 P24,011,367 100.0 TRADE WITH THE UNISED STATES AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES o , Monthly average for •^ort8 August, 1929 August, 1929 12 months ending August, 1929 Value % Value % Value % Total.................. P50.315.916 100.0 Manila..................... ........ P37.503.905 74.9 Iloilo................................... 4,139,319 8.2 Cebu......................... ........ 6,348,981 12.6 Zamboanga.............. ........ 533,074 LO Jolo........................... ........ 104,462 0.1 Davao....................... ........ 1,335,459 2.6 Legaspi..................... ........ 349,816 0.6 P42.787.736 100,0 P52.847.878 100,0 P31,313,432 72.9 P35.722.717 67.5 3,363,760 7.9 7,274,816 13.8 5,514,081* 12.9 6,471,497 12.3 738,624 1.8 600,038 1.2 46,702 0.2 84,026 O.<2 1,285,953 3.1 1,434,562 2.7 525,184 1.2 1,260,219 2.4 Monthly average for Countries August, 1929 August, 1928 12 months ending August, 1929 Value % Value % Value % United States............... .. P34,278,141 68.6 P27,839,529 64.9 P35.826.378 67.5 United Kingdom.......... 2,541,484 5.1 2,337,774 5.5 2,167,348 4.0 Japan............................. 3,256,573 6.5 3,384,670 7.9 3,284,202 6.2 China.............................. 1,671,383 3.3 1,627,964 3.8 1,762,557 3.3 French East Indies.. . 1,581,643 3.1 480,257 1.1 851,517 1.6 Germany........................ 1,178,682 2.3 1,381,928 3.2 1,319,029 2.5 Spain............................... 1,466,979 2.9 1,005,723 2.4 1,131,287 2.1 Australia........................ 420,416 0.8 667,438 1.6 487,815 0.9 British East Indies. . . 351,701 0.7 660,287 1.6 764,950 1.5 Dutch East Indies... . 517,583 1.0 499,027 1.2 560,204 1.1 France............................ 382,786 0.7 638,101 1.5 784,857 1.5 Netherlands................... 433,952 0.8 146,897 0.4 371,633 0.7 Italy............................... 1.1 511,582 1.2 401,320 0.8 Hongkong...................... 205,729 0.4 121,163 0.3 218,363 0.4 Belgium......................... 387,927 0.7 441,509 1.0 437,223 0.9 Switzerland................... 337,939 0.6 375,359 0.9 282,983 0.6 Japanese-China............ 79,129 0.1 117,627 0.3 145,475 0.3 Siam............................... 21,611 10,401 36,365 0.1 Sweden........................... 197,572 0.4 80,519 0.2 117,569 0.2 Canada........................... 104,105 0.2 140,344 0.3 99,834 0.2 Norway.......................... 88,012 0.1 36,349 0.1 89,541 0.2 Austria........................... 8,955 9,108 Denmark....................... 20,810 17,529 33,479 0.1 Other Countries.......... 219,870 0.4 246,804 0.6 1,764,841 3.3 Total................. . P50.315.916 100.0 P42.787.736 100.0 P52,847,878 100.0 32 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL N ovember, 1929 BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL DIRECTORY Kerr Steamship Co., Inc. General Agents “SILVER FLEET” Express Freight Services Philippines-New York via Java and Singapore Roosevelt Steamship Agency Agents Chaco Bldg. Phone 2-14-20 Manila, P. I. Myers-Buck Co., Inc. Surveying and Mapping PRIVATE MINERAL AND PUBLIC LAND 316 Carriedo Tel. 2-16-10 PyJk’GARCIÁM STA. POTENCIANA 32 TEL. 22715 OiTS COLOR PLATES HALF-TONES ' ZINC-ETCHINGja I PHILIPPINES COLD STORES Wholesale and Retail Dealers in American and Australian Refrigerated Produce STORES AND OFFICES Calle Echague Manila, P. I. MACLEOD & COMPANY Manila Cebu Vigan Davao Iloilo Exporters of Hemp and Maguey Agents for INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER CO. Agricultural Machinery UNIVERSAL BATTERIES P26.50 One Year Guarantee CARO ELECTRICAL SERVICE 110P. Faura Tel. 5-69-44 fr & M 41 CHINA BANKING CORPORATION MANILA, P. I. Domestic and Foreign Banking of Every Description “LA URBANA” (Sociedad Mútua de Construcción y Préstamos) Préstamos Hipotecarios Inversiones de Capital 111 Plaza Sta. Cruz Manila, P. I. P. O. Box 1394 Telephone 22070 J. A. STIVER Attorney-At-Law Notary Public Certified Public Accountant Investments Collections Income Tax 121 Real, Intramuros Manila, P. I. HANSON & ORTH, Inc. Manila, P. I. Buyers and Exporters of Hemp and Other Fibers 612-613 Pacific Bldg. Tel. 2-24-18 BRANCHES: New York—London—Merida—Davao SALEEBY FIBER CO., INC. Fiber Merchants P. O. Box 1423 Manila, P. I Room 318, Pacific Building Cable Address: “SALEFIBER” TAILORING CO., Inc. 73 Escolta 73 x' 4 MADRIGAL & CO. 8 Muelle del Banco Nacional Manila, P. I. Coal Contractors and Coconut Oil Manufacturers MILL LOCATED AT CEBU Derham Building Phone 22516 Manila P. O. Box 2103 MORTON & ERICKSEN, INC. Surveyors AMERICAN BUREAU OF SHIPPING Marine and Cargo Surveyors Sworn Measurers MR. MANUEL VALENTIN TAILOR Formerly Chief Cutter for P. B. Florence 85 Co. 244 Plaza Sta. Cruz Manila, P. I. Phone 2-61-30 THOMAS BRESLIN MINING ENGINEER The Earnshaws Docks and Honolulu Iron Works 1 Qualified Private Surveyor Sugar Machinery I Room 6, Borromeo Building 157 Calle Norte America, Cebu Residence: Mabolo, Cebu Tel. 372-L Slipways Machine Shops Port Area Manila, P. I. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL RIU HERMANOS-623-ESCOLTA-623 Manila Wine Merchants Limited 174 Juan Luna Manila, P. I. P. O. Box 403 Phones 2-25-67 and 2-25-68 WEANDSCO Western Equipment and Supply Co. Distributers in the Philippines for Western Electric Co. Graybar Electric Co. Westinghouse 119 Calle T. Pinpin P. O. Box C Manila, P. I. Recommended By Leading Doctors NOW’S THE TIME! Send in Journal subscrip tions for your friends in the United States—men who are (or out to be!) personally con cerned for the welfare of the Philippines. Make it a Christ mas gift, and Do It Now! SHALL YOUR EXECUTOR BE A BANK? ■ You make a Will so that the needs of your dependents may be ; adequately provided for. You make it now because you know the | uncertainties of human life. These reasons argue forcibly for the appointment of a corporate ! Executor under your Will. A bank does not become ill, die, or move away. It does not go to the United States or to Europe on an j extended vacation. Its facilities do not become impaired by time or ! accident and its decisions are the result of collective judgment. I This Bank makes a business of managing estates. Its fees are the same as would be paid any other executor. INTERNATIONAL BANKING CORPORATION TRUSTDEPARTMENT RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL The 1930 CARNIVAL FROM FEBRUARY 15 TO MARCH 2 COMMERCIAL & INDUSTRIAL FAIR has in store for YOU An Oriental Commercial and Industrial Fair—with China and Japan participating. Many attractions never before seen in the Philippines. Special Features in the line of Rides and Side-shows. I BE A HOLDER OF PRIVILEGES I ^HE 1930 Carnival, Commercial and Indus trial Fair, will be “bigger and better than ever”. You will want to enjoy it to the ful lest. You can do so and save money at the same time, if you will be a holder of Carnival Stockholders’ privileges—which are many. See, telephone or write the Secretary-Treasurer of the Philippine Carnival Association, Wallace Field, Manila, telephone 2-38-91 and verify for yourself the amount of money you will be sav ing by being a HOLDER OF PRIVILEGES! IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURN •