Forestry leaves

Media

Part of Forestry Leaves

Title: Forestry leaves
Issue Date: Volume V (Issue No. 2) August 1950
Year: 1950
Language: English
Rights
extracted text: ,., " OUR DOI:LAR MAKING-~ IN DIFFICULTIES. • - Florencio Tam4!sis OUR FOREST RESEARCH WORK -Valentin Sai07' ' . FOREST •LAWS OF THE PHILIPPINES -Feliz Mabbayag PROTECTION OF THE' PHILIPPINE WILD FLOWERS' AND PLANTS -A114pi~ L. Cenaiwe ... MANAGEMENT OF PHILIPPINE FORESTS -Ramon. Acuna a. F."- NOTES I CAKPUS NOTES l PIC'l'OUAL SUN8HIN!: CORNER ,.J'ROll THE MAIL BAG VOLUME V, No. 2 Floral Tribute to the Forestry D ead. AUGUST, 195 A Portion of Barrington Moore's Library Donated to the College of Forestry, U. P. Henry Ward Beecher once received a letter from a. student . asking his advice in the matter of an easy career in life. The eminent theologian replied: "Young man, you cannot be an editor. Do not. try the law. Do not think of the ministry. Let alone all ships and mel'chandiae. Abhor politics, and do not practice medicine. Don't be a farmer, a soldier, or a sailor. Don't study. Don't think. None of these is easy. Oh, my son, you have come into a hard world. I know of only one easy place in it-in the grave." Problems of Scientific Work in the Philipines By LEOPOLDO B. UICHANCO Dean, Coilege of Agriculture In greeting the College of Forestry on ,its Emerald Anniversary, I cannot escape entertaining a feeling of possessiveness. We are familiar with the fact that this College had its inception in the College of Agricultu_re, when on June 12, 1910, it was created as a department of the latter. For six years, until April 1, 1916, this . unified existence _obtained. The College of Agriculture dur~ng that time was not merely playing host to Forestry, for For~stry was part and parcel of its being. It is a source of pride to recall that, as pointed out by Dean Copeland, Forestry then constituted the strongest department of the College of Agriculture. Incidentally, the two earliest graduates with the degree of Bachelor of Science in Fores!try are not alumni of the School or College bf Forestry but of the College of Agricul~ure. Although separated for some thirty-five years, in a sense that separation has been mainly physical. In fields of interest, zeal to maintain a high level of scholarship in both the faculty and students, free exchange of information and facilities and in numerous other ways, the two colleges, together with the Division of Forest Investigation of *1J,e Bureau of Forestry, have many things in common. Instinctively members of a particular unit have felt that they share with the other units common satisfaction or grief · in any success or failure that may be met with, as well as common responsibility to carry out and make effective the duties for which each unit was created. One of the most noteworthy features which from the beginning has characterized our community in Los Bafios has been the emphasis placed on active prosecution and proAUGUST, 1950 ductivity in research. The spirit has been inculcated in our youngest students from the time they enter the gates of our campuses. The result is that our community has come to be recognized as a strong center of research in the Philippines and has become favorably known by its output all over the civilized world .. An impartial ·analysis of the contributions in the natural sciences from the different laboratories of the Philippines as well as membership of the workers in selective scientific organizations here and abroad will readily make patent the standing of our community in the sphere of research. No claim is, of course, implied for any extraordinary ability or special attribute that would set workers in Los Banos apart from other workers in the country. If any factor is to be singled out, credit, I am sure, more properly belongs to the tradition set by earlier workers such as Copeland, Baker, Fischer, and Curran and the prevailing atmosphere which puts a high premium on research and creative scholarship. The ha:P'." py situation certainly is one that callS~ not for self-coniratulation, but rather for added determination that we do not waver in the task which we find imposed on us and which we owe it not only to the country but also to the world at large to keep unabate~. What little contribution was made in science during the three centuries of Spanish occupation of the Philippines was largely either by resident Spaniards or by chance visitors among foreign scientists. Filipino participation was almost nil, because the native element was either discouraged or purposely kept out of scientific work. The' earlier decade of the American regime introduced little or no improvement, when nearPage l ly all responsible scientific positions · were occupied by Americans, with no opening for Filipinos except that of laboratory technician or field collector. A shining exception in those days, however, was our community in Los Banos, where Filipinos were purposely trained and actively encouraged by the American administrators to assume responsible participation as fast as they were prepared. The important part that American research workers made in promoting scientific growth was, and still is, generally acknowledged and appreciated. At the same time, it was realized by the Americans themselves who were in charge at Los Banos that it was not for the best interest of science to pursue a policy of exclusion, whereby the great reservoir of ·prospective research manpower in the native material should remain untapped. · The accusation is sometimes voiced in certain quarters that agriculture is the enemy of forestry. In the Philippines to be sure the charge finds justfication, where forests are ruthlessly sacrificed; particularly through the prevalent practice of caiiigin agriculture. The combined effect of some hundred generations of man's activities in clearing the land to plant his crops has, as is generally known, resulted in the devastation of about half of the original forest cover of the country. The destruction is unfortunately still gojng on and, it is feared, at an even more accelerated pace during and after the last world war. It is difficult to realize that the small regard and even active antagonism of our people toward the forest is apparently ingrained, as witness, for instance, the following classical lines from the prince of Tagalog poets, Francisco Baltazar: "Malalaking kahoy ang inihahandog pawang dalamhati, kahapisa't lungkot, huni pa ng ibon ay nakalulunos sa lalong matimpi't nagsasayang loob. "Tanang mga baging na naniimi.lipit sa sanga ng kahoy ay balot ng tinik, may bulo ang bunga't nagbibigay sakit sa kangino pa mang sum~gi't malapit. Page 2 "Ang mga bulaklak ng nagtayong kahoy pil!lakapamuting nagungos sa dahon, pawang kulay luksa at nakiki-ayon sa nakaliliyong masangsang na amoy .1 Ancient traditions and beliefs make the forest the haunt of evil spirits and impute to it the origin of miasma that produces fever and insects tl!.at plague the farms. The forest is an unfriendly place to be shunned or to be cut down and burned to give way to cultivated crops. Every forester is all too familiar with the -cumulative effect of this widespread popular antagonism in the waste presented by unprofitable cogon .growth gaining mastery over about ninety per cent of the clearings, with man succeeding in holding permanently under cultivation barely six per cent of. the land he had devastated. Despite warnings issued inces~ santly from informed quarters, public consciousness has not fully awakened to the resulting evils of flood and soil erosion, to say nothing of the valuable forest resources wantonly squandered. Scientific agricultur~ ists are well aware of this important que~:.· tion, with which they feel that they too are vitally concerned. They recognize likewise~ that many of the problems of forestry are to a greater or lesser extent equally the problems of agriculture. Forest studies and research concern themselves with the great problems of restoring the forest cover on the vast cogonaL wastes and conservation and wise utiliza.. tion of existing forests. Also, the rich 1 The following is a translation: The lofty trees bring naught But pangs of poignant pain, Even songs" of birds weigh on Merry souls that care disdain. And the bough-entangling vines Are with prickly arms beset, While their prurient pods make ill Daring men who close may get. -Borne amidst the foliage lush, The gloomy mass of woodland bloom Seems funeral and in tune With its noxious breath of doom. IiORESTRY LEAVES wealth in species found in the Philippine forests represent · many forms which, quite .!aside from their purely biological interest, are of great actual or potential value in numerous ways other than as raw material for lumber industry. A question was once asked by a foreign visitor whether it is true that among the wild plants of our forest there are at least 85 species which are good possibilities for agricultural exploitation if brought under cultivation. There 'are probably many more than that number, and they will doubtless be adopted by the Filipino farmer whenever the demand is sufficient to warrant the venture. A case in point is the recent request from several sources in the United States for seeds of local species of Strophanthus. Considerable Niterest has been aroused by the discovery ,'fu the United States that the seeds of an African species of Strophanthus offered a promising source of the scarce new drug, cortisone, which holds bright hopes as a cure for arthritis. Upon receiving the request, Professor Mabesa lost no time to loE te these plants in the forest and watch em so he could gather the seeds when _ ese are ready to harvest. In the mean~e accounts of Stropkanthus and cortisone f;.vere reproduced in the local press, a certain section of which went farther and asked editorially what the Filipino scientists were \ioing and why they were not working on cortisone. This instance is cited as a good illustrative material on how scientific problems should or should not be handled. A noteworthy feature of scientific work 11$ the spirit of co-operation prevailing among scientists in. the way of assistance in material or information, often resulting in mutual advantage. The fact that cortisone can be produced from th~ seeds of Strophantkus is already known. Whether the discoverer is an American or a Filipino is immaterial to that knowledge. To do the work here over again and thus have Filipino scientists do something about it would be put•\ fg us in a situation such as that delight~ ucusT, 1950 fully told in a Russian drama. A man was proudly displaying an umbrella and proclaiming to all who would listen that he was its inventor. "No," protested one of his friends, "That can not be true; the Chinese had first invented the umbrella ages ago." "Well, then," countered the man, unabashed, "in that case, I am the first one to invent the umbrella for the second time." As to whether seeds from the Philippine species of Strophanthus would yield cortisone in worthwhile quantities is still to be determined. Laboratories are already functioning in the United States with experienced men trained to do this work, who have expressed their desire to do that there; We have so many peculiarly local problems demanding solution and so little money to undertake the work with, that there is no excuse in going to the needless expense and trouble of duplicating activities that others are already doing, and, because . of their superior facilities, are doubtless doing better than we ever can. Pertinent to this matter is a remark made by the chairman of a visiting chamber-of-commerce group from the United States. In expressing his gratitude for their being treated to bibingka; puto, lumpia, and other characteristic Philippine delicacies, he observed that "in Manila, we were always given American food. We had to travel a long way to the Phili~ pines only to get the same meals as we used to have at home but which American cooks could prepare a great deal better." The criticism voiced against Filipino scientists that they are not sufficiently· productive is a chronic one. It applies not alone to scientific workers in forestry and agriculture but it is a disquieting indictment of Filipirro scientists as a whole. This unfortunate state has for its root cause a number of factors, some of which reside in the Filipino scientists themselves, who, it is sad to admit, must shoulder part of the blame. A very serious deterrent, however, is lack of public support particularly on the part Page 3 of those in whose hands lies the responsibility of guiding and directing the affairs of the nation. The lack of appreciation, which stands out strongly by contrast with many of the other enlightened countries, has worked very effectively to starve our Philippine scientific institutions. For years our laboratories have suffered from want of nourishmeat in the form of adequate material and facilities. Good scientists have left for more satisfying jobs and the scientific career has been in danger of becoming of little attraction to promising young men and women. In the years following the last world war, particularly after the Philippines was granted its independence, the country has been making brave efforts to rise again from the ravages left. The government haS under way gigantic programs for economic rehabilitation, among the high spots of which are to make the country self-sufficient in food and other prime necessities, increased production of export commodities, utilization of water power, and industrialization. In these various undertakings, we are facing a highly competitive world, where the most successful nations are those who have leaned heavily on scientific assistance. To this end, MONUMENT TO JOHN MUIR Behind him he left for monument not only his nine books so full of free-flowing religion of nature but the treei themselves, millions of them, standing in the national forest today b .. cause John Muir started the long fight for_ their protection. Because of John Muir, millions of Americans yearly enjoy .national parks that might otherwise have bec~me places of tawdry show, or spots despoiled by saw and mine shaft. Patriots we have had who died to defend their country as a nation. Muir saved it as part of the world God made; he saved the beautiful face of America. As long as the waters rush over the great stone palisades of Y osmite, as long as the tanager sings there in the safetv of the treetops, there will be grateful praise of him. -DONALD C. PEATTIE Page 4 they have liberally supported scientific worlq and encouraged research activity in every way possible. As a consequence, their in~ vestment in science has paid high dividends. In their well-supported laboratories, there has been little or no occasion to complain of barrenness in scientific output. Because of their large appropriation, they can afford to hire and keep in the service the most able and highly trained scientists, who devote full time and attention to their work, because they find no necessity to add to" their salary by taking up part-time employment, such as teaching in private schools and colleges. Also, because they are provided with ·adequate facilities, these scientists can do :research in a more thorough way and dig deeper into the fundamentals. They do not have to restrict themselves to routi-~ nary studies or to make up for lack of data by wordy dialectics. We may well recall at this juncture Samuel Johnson's stricture, "As the Spanish proverb says, 'He who would bring home the wealth of the Indies must carry·the wealth of the Indies with him." So it is in traveling; a man must carry knowledge with him, if he would bring homel knowledge." WHEN THE WILD FLOWERS BLOOM In the vast and sparsely inhabited Yukon 1,'erritory of Canada, just south of Alaska, summer begins about the middle of May. It is a warm and' pleasant season. The winters are usually hard and cold, with temperatures sinking to fifty and sixty de~ grees belctw zero. During the winter the Indians of this region live in tightly closed hide huts or in earthen houses, the women attending to handicrafts and the men coming out only to hunt or fish. When summer returns, wild flowers brighten the iandscap~· birds flick across the skies and fox and marten, wolf and bea·r roam the woods again. The Indian mothers bring their infants out to show them that the world is more than semi-darkness in a smokefilled hut. Th• child learns, sitting in the sun and breathing the fresh air, that the world is bright and good, and even in these rocky wilds, abundant enough for growth and strength. -CORONET FORESTRY LEA VE!i What Our Forests Mean to Us By FLORENCIO T AMESIS Director of Forestry Of the many gifts that Nature has blessed We have still extensive forests. Approour country, the forests constitute among ximately 17 million hectares or 59% of our the most valuable to us. But like some total land area are still covered with them. of the most precious things in life-like the love of a mother and the air we breathe in-many of us take for granted the many good things our forests give us. The cool shade of trees, the refreshing breeze from the tree-covered hills, the water from the faucet, the firewood to cook our food, all these and more are directly or indirectly gifts from the forests. So much have we taken all these as a matter of course that many of us give little thought · at all to our forests. Worse than this, there are even some among us who not only fail to appreciate these blessings but have even viewed our forests as something to be done away wit?. To some, the forest is still something of jungle that has to be cleared as quickly as possible to give way to agriculture, forgettmg the fact that were it not for it agriculture itself would not be possible. To some of us, the forests are nothing but a place that shelters wild animals, again forgetting the fact that the birds that feed on the harmful insects which beset our crops find sanctuary in our forests. It is high time that we see our forests in their proper light, being very valuable to us and they being our common property, well may we ask questions about this precious property of ours. As part-owners of this property, we should know, for instance, how extensive our forests are, how much are they worth, what are they giving us now, what we are doing to safeguard them, how long can they serve us and many other questions you and I ·have a right to ask. AUGUST, 1950 Not only have we these wide forest lands but also practically all of them are public property., This is unlike the condition in some other countries where most of the forest lands have been allowed to pass through private ownership. This public ownership of our forest is significant in that we, the people, through our government can readily adopt and execute a policy designed to promote the best development of the forests. Just to give you an idea of how well Nature has lavished us with her gift, let us cite some figures. In standing timber, our forests contain an estimated 464 billion board feet. This means that the per capita share of each of our 19 million population is at least 24,000 board feet of timber. The value of this standing timber is fairly staggering. All in all, it is worth 58 billion pesos. In other words, each of us has at stake in the forests in the amount of 'P3,000. Were this timber to be cut all at once, it would yield us in direct taxes alone (forest charges) more than two (2) billion pesos, meaning that this tax alone could meet the budgetary needs of our national government for at least eight years. You will see therefore how much in terms of money our forest are worth and how imperative it is for us to give them more than passing thought. But there are other things in the forests which cannot be measured in terms of pesos and centavos. The forests act as a huge reservoir which feeds the springs that give us water for drinking, for irrigation, for water power. The million_s of trees in our Page S mountains with their network of roots hold the soil in place and keep the farms and lowlands from being covered with stones and gravel. Beautiful plants and beneficial wild life make the forests their homes. All these we cannot evaluate in terms of money. Our forest is a very unique kind of property in that it grows. Trees keep on growing and you will readily see that if WE7 keep our yearly harvest of timber to what the forests can replace by their growth, we can make them last indefinitely. To take care of this exceptionally valuable wealth, we have the Bureau of Forestry. This government entity has a nation-wide network of forest stations and provincial forestry offices. It is this Bureau which takes charge of the protection, conservation and development of our forest resources. It segregates the non-forest lands from the forest areas, it issues licenses for the privilege of cutting and removing forest products, it patrols the forest lands, it reforests our strategic cogonal areas and it undertakes many other activities intended to make our forests more usfeul to us. For the purpose of making lumber available to us, a thriving lumber industry has developed. As of June 30, 1950 there were 455 sawmills throughout the country capable of producing everyday 2,925,200 board feet of lumber. To cut the timber from the forest, the Bur~au of Forestry has issued 19 license agreements and 1,562 ordinary timber licenses, covering 2,441,547 hectares of forest lands and a capitalization of 49.40 million pesos. The lumber and allied. in· dustries are a good field for the investment of capital. At present its total capitalization amounts to no less than 84 million pesos. It furnishes employment to no less than 100,000 workers on whom 500,000 persons depend for their living. The total value of forest products brought to the trades, such as lumber and timber, firewood, rattan, gums, beeswax, etc. amounts to 'Pl00,000,000 annually. Just now we can supply all the ·timber we need for our local use and are Page 6 thus in a position to export some to other countries. The export last year amounted to 65,758,733 board feet val~ed at ?'9,413,916.37, most of which went to the United States. This export is but 6.6 per cent of timber and lumber handled, and is bound to increase. It would mean more dollar revenues to us. Now what steps have we taken to see to it that we shall always have adequate forest lands for our needs in the times to come? Fortunately for us, the Bureau of Forestry is by law given priority over the choice of what lands to keep for forest purposes. Every year this Bureau undertakes land classification and certifies to the Bureau of Lands such areas which are not needed for forest purposes. For instance, last year it certified to the said Bureau 29,400 hectares as alienable and disposable and these are the areas which the Bureau of Lands disposes to the public ill the form of homesteads, sales and leases. All in all the Bureau of Forestry has certified about ten million hectares of land as alienable and disposable. The Bureau of Forestry has also established a system of special reservations consisting of forest reserves, national parks, communal forests, etc. These are areas set aside for definite forest uses. So far there have been so set aside 101 forest reserves with an aggregate area of 1,169,615 hectares, 33 national parks covering 226,142 hectares and 1,864 parcels of communal forests covering 254,337 hectares. The forest reserves are to provide timber, for watershed protection, for erosion control and for a variety of other uses; the national parks consist of historic places and scenic forestS to afford our people recreational and educational facilities; the communal forests to give those of our people who cannot buy timber opportunities to get it free of charge. From the communal forests the residents of the municipalities for whom they are reserved may secure free timber and minor forest products for their personal need. A total of 825 (Continued on page 12) FORESTRY LEAVES Our Forest Research Work * By VALENTIN SAJOR Senior Forester and Asst. Chief Division of Forest Investigation This evening, I will talk on "Our Forest Research Work" about which the public has heard little or practically n.:ithing. Our country is blessed with a vast and valuable forest wealth from which the Government derives a considerable income and hundred thousands of Filipinos could depend for a livelihood. Stan.ding watch over these varied forest resources, like a guardian angel, is the Bureau of Forestry which by law is charged to administer for the public interest and for their perpetuation in productive condition by wise use. It takes care of both the needs of today and the requirements of tomorrow. To this end, the Bureau enc.:iurages the utilization of trees and other forest products, regulates through experience and' knowledge gained by research and study, the methods of cutting, collecting, and using these forest products so as to insure their regenerati:m and to maintain them, as much as possible, under a state of ·continuous producti.:in. Those of you who have had occasion to transact business with the Bureau of Forestry perhaps do not know that . it fixes in y .:mr license just how much timber or forest products you shall cut, or when you get its suggestion as to the plants that should be used for planting on a certain site, or when you are told that your pasture area is overgrazed requiring you to reduce the number of animals in terms of its carrying capacity, or when you get back your chunk of wood properly identified and with the information what it is good *Radio Talk delivered over DZFM, April 16, 1950 at 7:00 P.M. AUGUST, 1950 for, that, to be able t.:i give such information there were years of persevering efforts of scientists at their microscopes, or foresters at their sample forests gathering data and recording one set of observations after another, seeking facts and gleaning truths concerning the c.:>mplicated methods of Nature. One of the seven Divisions of the Bureau of Forestry at present is the Division of Forest Investigation. As its name implies, it concerns itself with the seemingly monotonous task of peering into that great, little known w.:>rld, peopled by trees and plants and the numerous animal-life an,d organism that make up the forests. On the outcome of the research activities of this Division depends m a great measure the success of the other functions of the Bureau of Forestry. The administration, management and protecti.:>n of our forests, the reclamation and reforestation of barren lands and many other tasks of the Philippine Forest Service MUST HA VE as their reliable facts and figures. The Division of Forest Investigation gathers, correlates and interprets these essential facts and figures. Likewise, this Division takes charge .:>f all studies pertaining to the growths and habits of trees. It conducts investigations on the best way to grow a forest so as to secure the most out of a tract of land and out .:>f efforts put in it. This seems a relatively simple task, but it is not at all. Unlike the agriculturist, the forester handles a crop the harvest of which he may not live to see. He is interested in managing his forest lands so that he (Continued on page 12) Page 7 Forest Laws of the Ph i"I i p pi n es FELIX MABBAYAG Forester, Bureau of Forestry Our public forest is the foundati.:m of the economic well-being of our country. The deep concern of our country today is how to perpetuate our forest res.Jurces in order to free us from the evil effects of deforestation and to obtain the fullest advantage of its conservation and wise utilization. The Philippines has established a noteworthy record of achievement in her tendency to value and cherish the heritage of nature. From the Spanish regime up to the present time, this tendency is shown by the trend of various laws relative to the protection, conservation and wise utilization of our forest resources. The Act of Congress of July 1, 1902, serves as the foundation structure of our Forest Laws. This was followed by various subsequent Acts with a series of amendments, embodying the F.:>rest Law in Chapter 47 of Act No. 2711. Under this Act, the Bureau of Forestry has jurisdiction and authority over the demarcation, protection, management, re. production, reforestation, occupancy and use of all public forests and forest reserves and over the granting of licenses for the cuttii;ig, gathering and removing of timber and other forest products. It has also jurisdiction over the protection and conservation .Jf game an:d wildlife (Act No. 2590, as amended, and Commonwealth Ac~ No. 73); the establishment and protection of National Parks (Act No. 3915, as amended); the protection of wild flowers and plants (Act No. 3983); the administration of public lands adopted for grazing purposes (Commonwealth Act No. 452); the enforcement of Acts Nos. 2812 and 3572; the control and disposition· of timber within mineral lands as pr.:>vided in Section 1833 Page 8 of Act No. 2711 in conjunctbn with Act No. 3822 and Section 89 of the Mining Act; and the establishment and development of cinchona plantations in public forest lands and the disposition of the products derived therefr.:>m. (Commonwealth Act No. 646). The Bureau of Forestry has in the past a problem of great importance in the reclamation of our waste and idle lands. It is important to note that the most outstanding achievement in the recognition of the imp.:>rtance of reforestation work was the enactment of Republic Act No. 115. The revenues collected under this Act shall constitute a fund, known as "Reforestation Fund" to be used exclusively in carrying out the purposes provided therein. Another case confronting the Bureau of Forestry is the illegal cutting of timber and other forest products by unlicensed persons. This act constitutes not only a great loss of revenue to the Government but also in the destruction of our public forests. The recent passage ·of Republic Act No. 460 is of great significance in the solution of this problem. This Act authorizes the Director of Forestry to regulate the operati.:>n of sawmills and provides penalty for violation of the provisions thereof. It aims to solve the present condition in the control, dispositi.Jn, and merchandizing of timber and to increase the income of the Government in the form of forest charges and fees. At present, one of the serious pr.Jblems affecting forestry administration is forest destruction caused by illegal kaiiigin making and illegal entry and occupation of public forest (Continued on page 38) FORESTRY LEAVES Protection of the Philippine Wild Flowers and Plants* By AGAPITO L. CENABRE Sr. Forester Assistant Chief, Division of Forest Concessions, Bureau of Forestry Good Evening, ladies and gentlemen of the Radio Audience: The Bureau of Forestry is charged by law, among other things, with authority over the granting of licenses for the taking of forest products from all public forests or forest reserves. The granting of licenses to collect' and remove forest products from public forests is so designed as to utilize and perpetuate the products of our forests by wise use. The basic law on forest conservation and utilization has, from time to time, been supplemented by specific laws to protect and conserve specific classes of products of our forests. One of these laws is Act No. 3983, entitled "An Act to Protect Wild Flowers and Plants in the Philippine Islands," approved on December 3, 1932. The products of our forests are not only timber and other minor products to provide us shelter and countless things to make life more pleasant, but also wild flowers and plants which can easily provide for our aesthetic requirements and wants. It is reported that the forests of the Philippines contain a large number of species which are decidedly ornamental, and are suited for cultivation. These usually occur in the forests as widely scattered individuals. Some of the rarest orchids bearing some of the most beautiful and showiest groups of flowers found anywhere else in the world are found in the Philippine forests. Though growing in wild state, many J\UGUST, 1950 of these orchids have been cultivated and are successfully grown in the green houses of Europe and America. Orchids owe popularity to their unusually fascinating shapes, delicate color tones, and the lasting freshness with which the blossoms can keep on the plant. Waling-waling (Vanda sanderiana) is the showiest of all Philippine orchids and is easily the aristocrat of the orchid world. Maybe the Phalaenopsis (mariposa & tigre) come next and a host of other beautiful orchids which adorn the homes of flower lovers in the City and in the provinces. There are still a great number of beautiful ornamental plants from the forests, aside from orchids, which can make our homes and yards pleasing to the eyes. All of these are ours to possess or own under certain conditions. We can not just go to the mountains to collect them without restrictiqns and regulations, otherwise, they are bound to disappear forever. To this end, there was promulgated by the Secretary of Agriculture and Natural Resources on September 15, 1934, Forestry Administrative Order No. 10-1, otherwise, known as Regulations covering the collection, possession, transportation, sale or export of protected wild plants in the Philippines. Protected plants refer to all classes of species of the rare and flowering plants including *Radio Talk thru Radio Station DZF'1 on Sunday, ·February 55, 1950, at 7 :00 P.M: Page 9 orchids, ferns, lycopoda or club mosses, or other wild plants in the Philippines. The Director of Forestry is the Executive Officer charged with the duty of supervising the enforcement of the provisions of Act 3983. He is empowered to issue four ( 4) kinds of licenses, as follows: (a) Collector's license authorizing the holder thereof to collect twenty-five (25) or more wild plants for commercial purposes. (b) Dealer's license authorizing the holder thereof to purchase, transport, sell or export protected plants. ( c) Gratuitous licenses authorizing the collection of protected plants for public uses by a government agency or for semi-public purposes by associations or organizations, or the annual collection of not more than twenty-four (24) protected wild plants for personal purposes by an individual: Provided, however, That no gratuitous license for personal purposes shall be granted to an individual for the same species of plants already collected without submitting sufficient reason therefor. (d) Special permit authorizing the holder thereof to collect specimens of protected wild plants for scientific or educational purposes. · Licenses or permits, with the exception of dealer's license may be issued to: (a) Citizens of the Philippine Islands or of the United States. · (b) Associations or corporations that are duly registered and ·authorized' to transact business in the Philippine Islands and of which sixty-one per centum of the capital stock or interest in said capital stock is owned wholly by citizens of the Philippines, or of the United States. (c) An individual applicant for license must be at least 21 years of age. A married woman must first obtain the marital consent of her husband. Plants given away or donated to others by the owners shall, upon being transported to another place or municipality, be accomPage 10 panied by a permit issued by a forest officer or any person duly authorized to issue such permit, otherwise, such plants shall be seized and forfeited, unless the holder thereof is willing to pay the regular and additional charges hereon. However, permit to export protected wild flowers and plants is only granted by the Director of Forestry, Manila. Protected plants of all kinds shall be presumed to belong to the Government unless the contrary is proven. What I have attempted to bring out are the important regulations which the Government has adopted to protect and conserve our wild ornamental plants. Details can be secured from the field and Manila Offices of the Bureau of Forestry. If each one of us will abide by the regulations it is believed that there are enough to go around for everyone who loves beautiful products of our forests and still have more for those who will come after us. I would, therefore, sound a general call for the conservation by wise use of forests and the products therefrom for our present use and for the use of the generations yet unborn. "I am wondering what would have happened to me if fifty years ago a fluent talker had converted me to the theory of the eight-hour day, and con,·inced me that it was not fair to my fellow workers to put forth my best efforts in rriy work. I ·am glad that the eight-hc·ur day had not been invented when I was a young man. If my life had been made up of eight-hour days I do not believe I could have accomplished a great deal. This country would not amount to as much a~ it does if the young men of fifty years ago had been afraid that they might earn more than they are paid." -THOMAS A. EDISON. As w~ walked about among the immense columns -columns that rose through a gray-green twilight until they disappeared in the clouds of the upper branches-we talked in low, hushed tones of the simple majesty of the great trees, of their long en-. durance. There is, as John Muir has pointed out, a strange air of other days about them. They are the same, century in and century nut; they are life in its most permanent form. -EDWIN WAY TEALE FORE~TRY LEAVES The Management of the Philippine Forests Senior Forester RAMON ACUNA The Philippine forests, which constitute 59 per cent of the land area of the country, is managed by the Bureau of Forestry which is charged by law with the administration, pr .Jtection, and conservation of all public forests. The forests belong to the State, and like other natural resources, with the exception of public agricultural lands, can not be alienated. The whole area of the Philippines from the t.:>ps of mountains to the seacoast might have been covered with forest, or similar vegetatation. SubjecteQ to cutting and clearing, over 5 million hectares, or about 17 per cent of our land area, is open grassland, abandoned by the original occupants due to loss .:>f soil fertility. This commercial forest of the Philippines covering more than 13 million hectares with an average stand of 9.0 cubic meters per hectare, has a volume of about one billion cubic meters. This forest wealth is w.Jrth more than two billion pesos in forest charges, and its commercial value is approximately 58 billion p~sos. These forest supports the Philippine lumber industry with about 48 million pesos capital investment, employing 70,000 laborers and supporting 350,000 persons, including their dependents. Our forests do not only produce mat.erials for construction purposes, wood for fuel, and .Jther useful products, but also prevent or reduce erosion and destructive effects of floods; increase watershed protection, and provide aesthetic or recreational grounds, and wildlife coverage. For these purposes, this Bureau regulates the exploitation .Jf our forests and the cutting rules are embodied in the licenses or permits issued. On mountain tops and steep slopes, as litAUGUST, 1950 tle cutting as possible is allowed, in order to retain the forest cover there .Jn for protection purposes. The retention of f~rest on critical areas prevents landslides and erosion, and minimizes the destructive force of floods. On potential agricultural lands, after the conditions therein had been carefully studied, the clear cutting method may be all.Jwed. Forest reserves are established for the protection of public interests and the preservation of valuable trees from being depleted. They are managed under strict application of rules and regulations. Likewise, timberlands are not subjected to entry except portions thereof far forest purposes. In other public forests, not reserved for definite purposes, where m.:>st of the Bureau's timber licensees operate, specific rules are imposed, whereby no trees may be cut below the minimum diameter set for certain species. Communal forests are set aside to provide free timber, fuel, and other minor forest products for the residents of the municipality ·for which they are established. They cann.Jt be exploited for commercial purposes or entered for cultivation. National Parks are established for their historical, geological, and aesthetic value. They are managed for recreational, educational. and scientific purposes . In the management of .Jur ·forests, only the annual increment is allowed to be cut and removed, based on growth studies and valuation surveys taken. in connection with the collection of other data for the preparation of forest w .Jr king plans. The Philippine forests are administered, managed, and protected by 120 foresters, 432 rangers, and 177 forest guards, whose time is (Continued ·on page 32) Page 11 OUR FOREST ... (Continued from page 7) may get frpm them the' maximum benefits without impairing in the least their ability to give more .)f these benefits. Other countries are doing it and we are well on our way to doing it ourselves. One of the pressing problems which is giving great concern to the Bureau of Forestry at present is the rapid exhaustion of our valuable species, like MOLA VE, AKLE and TINDALO, which, because of their superi,')r qualities, are mostly cut and used for high class furniture and cabinet work and for high quality house panelling. To remedy their complete exhaustion, .the Bureau of Forestry has looked into our forests for .Jther tree.s in sufficient quantity, which at present are not utilized, or if at all, only to a limited extent. One very good example is the DAO. A few years ago, this tree was not utlize.d by ~ur people, but through the aid .)f the Bureau of Forestry it is now iIJ. great demand and it commands a high price for furniture making and panelling. The Government is interested not only in raising, managing and harvesting the forest crop in a business-like way, but is also c.Jncerned with the proper and economical use of· the crop harvested. To illustrate again, let us take the prin~ipal forest crop--WOOD. From the sawmills, wood c.Jmes out in the form of lumber. This lumber becomes the object of a series of studies. Its drying properties must be determined so that when put into any kind of use, it wou:d maintain itself well in shape. It is one of the tasks of the Bureau .)f Forestry to find how strong a particular species of wood is, and the best place it would fit in any use it is intended for. To protect the wood from the elements, from the ravages of insects and decay organism, the Bureau of Forestry investigates the best and at the same time the least expensive preservatives for it. In all these lines of activities, some fundamentals of research have already been ma.de although more could have been Page 12 WHAT OUR FORESTS ... (Continued from page 6) municipalities are provided with communal forests. Permits for the taking of timber and forest products may be secured from the municipal mayors. During the past year the Bureau of Forestry also issued 9,344 private gratuitous permits authorizing the cutting of 152,076 cubic meters of first group timber to be used for the construction of private homes, and 78 gratuitous permits authorizing the 79,200 cubic meters to be used in the construction of public works projects, especially of bridges and school houses. One of the greatest dangers to the permanency of our forests is illegal kaiiigin making. Some of the thoughtlessness of our people clear forest lands without permit and regardless of the topographical and economic condition of the land. After a couple of years, the harvest of crops in such clearings dwindle and they move to a fresh forest tract. In this manner have come the vast cogonales aggregating over 5,000,000 hectares which at present are mostly of no economic value to us. At great expense the strategic areas of these cogonales, especially those along destructive watersheds, are now being reforested by the Bureau of Forestry. Had our people exercised some foresight we would now be saved the expense arid task of reforestation work. It should be said that even now, despite the vigilance of the Bureau of Forestry, destruction of the forest lands still goes on in some sections of our country. It is imperative therefore that our people should understand· the folly of wasting our forest lands, not only for the valuable timber simply burned in kaingins but also for the expensiveness of the task of bringing back cover to such lands. accomplished if necessary facilities for the task were available. Work along the field of FOREST RESEARCH in the Philippines is also equally handicapped by the lack of full time personnel besides having no adequate facilities. (Cf. pp. 27-28). FORESTRY LEAVES SUMMER CAMPING NOTES BENJAMIN ALMONTE, Cl. '53 For our 1950 summer camping, the Field Practice and the Forest Inventory classes were taken to the Bicol National Park to make an inventory of that scenic forest area located between the provinces of Camarines Norte and Camarines Sur. Our party was composed of 34 students and members of the College· of Forestry Faculty headed by Prof. Calixto Mabesa. We boarded the Bicol Express at the College RR station on · May 1, and had a comfortable though uneventful day's ride to Bicolandia· in a coach reserved especially for us. At Sipocot where we got off we were welcomed at the station by District Forester Severino Nablo of Camarines Norte together with several forestry officials of that district. We then took a special Alatco bus for the Bahi Forest Station which was 26 kms. from Sipoc~t on the Sipocot-Daet road. The station was located at the Camarines Sur side of the Bahi river beside a toll bridge in whose vicinity were a toll house and some six or seven houses. We set up our tents in that place which served as our main ca.mp and headquarters from where the different crews of five boys each came and went in the performance of the timber valuation survey work. We worked six days a week with Sunday set aside as rest day at the main camp. By rest of course, is meant that we did nothing but wash our clothes, get our specimens in order, or leave for the neighboring towns when not invited somewhere. A little birdie who has just shed its green feathers can't help but feel sorry for those guys who used to tell the Freshmen that summer camping was only a backbreaking experience where one, for the most Aur;usT, 1950 part, learned the fine art of wielding the delicate pick and shovel. We were luckier this year. Not only our backs but also a few hearts were strained-and our throats and most of the shoes, too---boy, what a scraping they got in that land where "only frogs drink water" and where the hospitable daragas could set the most granitic cardium aflutter with their soft and oddly accented "Sige Na Noy" intended to make you feel at home. They were really nice and friendly. If by hearing the glowing accounts of our summer camping, those who were left behind are led to believe that we did nothing but enjoy ourselves in the neighboring sawmills, let them not be misled any longer. We had our share of hardships too and if we have too often dwelt. on the pleasanter side of our summer experience, it is only because we look upon such pleasures as rare novelties in a forester's life which help relieve our physical fatigue acquired in the performance of the rough and hard line of work we have chosen to pursue. To the average young man, a forestry student's course of study, especially the Summer camping phase, is known to be a tough one. Why then should we dwell much on the hardships we have suffered when such hardships are only to be expected, being the rule in our course . rather than the exception? To us, it is trivial. It is what we are supposed to get used to so we don't· talk much about it because it is to most of us as plain as a pikestaff. However, I would like to dispel the incipient impression on the campus that what we did down there was no camping at all but a summer vacation at the expense of the neighboring sawmills and hospitable citPage, 13 izens, entirely discordant with the long standing traditions of the old School of Forestry, so I'll try to paint here a miniature picture of some of the hardships and discomforts we endured. Each of the crews would start out from camp before 7: 00 o'clock in the morning with most of the boys carrying a pack on their backs. Sometimes it would be a fine, clear sunrise with the promise of a sunny day ahead. At other times, it would be drizzling as we labored up the slippery trails to our respective strips in the heart of the forest. The Bicol weather when we were down there turned out to be as capricious as our own Makiling. While working with the bright sun overhead a heavy rain would fall suddenly like cats and dogs accompanied by thunder and lightning and then, as abruptly as it started, it would cease and the sun would come out once more drying us a little. Often, especially during the afternoons, the torrential rains would continue unabated, washing off our . perspiration and drenching us to the skin. We could not seek shelter by the buttresses of ·the trees. for fear of being struck by lightning and we could not just stand about in the open because it was so darn cold. We had to move about in order to keep warm and avciid getting chilled and since we could not just run or jump about senselessly, we would go on with the work at a brisk pace while thunder clapped overhead and with our poleman holding a flashlight aloft like a statue of liberty in the wilderness so that the compassman could sight him in the dark. The green mountain leeches would emerge and somehow manage to get through our leggings into our soggy shoes and even get up to our necks and faces. The ground would be slippery and now and then one of our comrades would tumble down flat on his back, never failing to elicit laughter from the rest of the boys--good-natured, healthy laughter from the lusty throats of vigorous young men bound together in strong comradeship by a common ordeal. At night in our makeshift huts after a supper of sardines the rigors of the day would be forgotten. We would button the necks of our damp shirts and sink into deep slumber to gain new strength for the morrow. . Even when the weather was fair, we had some difficulties with the rugged terrain. Now and then our survey line would. strike a ravine which we had to cross by straddling a mossy log that had fallen across it. Holding onto vines, we would clamber down and up the sides of a deep river bed. _There were steep, rocky slopes which we could climb one at a time for fear that rolling boulders might bowl over the man following behind. Not till the preceding man is safely up could the next follow. When we encountered terrain like those, we got hoarse yelling "Watch out, below ...... " and what's more disconcerting, it delayed the progress of our work. Need I state here too that during our stay there we got more than what we could take of sardines, dried fish, and either mashy or half-cooked rice? But then, we were always ravenously hungry and have found out that a cold lunch mixed with a little rain water does not taste so bad after a heavy half-day's work. Gnats were aplenty too but we have found that cigarettes though damp with sweat were effective repellants. To the outdoor-loving students who h.ave seen no more of the forest than that of the scraggy slopes of Mt. Makiling, the first day of work and the first night of camping under the towering trees in a virgin stand are memorable, events worth reliving in the· thoughts once in a while. In certain sections of the forest, not a few of us were amazed to see the clear forest floor with only a little undergrowth. Where we expected to find a thick, dark (Continued on page 32) FORESTRY LEAVES --B. F. FORESTRY TEAM WINS "KNOWLEDGE UNLIMITED" CONTEST In the "Knowledge Unlimited" Program held on Wednesday, May 24, 1950, over Station DZRH under the sponsorship of Palmolive-Peet C.Jmpany, the Fore:;try team won over the National Economic Council team by a point score of 110 against 95. The members d the winning Forestry team are Mr. Isidoro Francisco, captain, Mr. Anastacio Litonjua, Mr. Jaime Serra, Mr. Ramon Fernandez and Mr. Prudenci.J Jizmundo. * * * * Dagupan City:-Provincial Forester D. Allas was honored by .members of the faculty and students of the Tayug High School of Pangasinan as one of the speakers in connection with the celebration of Vocational Guidance Week Pr.Jgram on April 10, 1950. * * * * Lucena, Quezon:-Provincial Forester Rafael San Pedro was honored with an invitation to join the members of the Provincial Board of the province on February 23-26, 1950 to visit the island of Alabat. In their itinerary, three t.Jwns were visited by the party, namely, Perez, Alabat and Quezon in · which meetings were held. Forester San Pedro spoke on the conservation of the forest resources particularly the Alabat Forest Reserve and the Communal forests of each municipality. Squatters of portion .Jf the Alabat Forest Reserve were advise4 to vacate. * * * * Capiz, ~apiz:-Provincial Forester Alfredo de los Reyes ably represented the Bureau of Forestry in the Mayors' Convention held at Capiz Provincial Capitol on February 23-24, 1950 in c.Jnnection with problems of ameAUGUST, 1950 Notes __ - - - - - - - - - - - - iiorating the poor, food production and peace and order of the province. From his written address, it is reveakd tliat Ivisan, Dumalag and Altavas. are taking steps in curving illegal kaiiigin, illegal cutting and reforestation in their communal forests. The mayors concerned were c.Jngratulated publicly by the Provincial Forester during the Convocation. * * * Fabrica, Negros Occidental: - Vice-Presi.dent Fernando Lopez and members of his party composed of Ambassadors and their wives of the United States, Britain, Holland, Italy, China, Congressmen, Provincial and Municipal Officials led by G.Jvernor Rafael Lacson and press reporters, visited Fabrica on February 4, 1950. The party looked into the operation of the Insular Lumber Co. Mr. H. C. Pope, Manager of Insular Lumber Co. was the host of the party. * * * * Provincial F.Jrester Melecio Lopez attended the Fifteenth Anniversary of the founding of Tabla Valley, Cauayan, Negros Occidental. His presence in the locality was timely as it checked the active cutting of timber, rattan and diliman and squatting inside public forest. He talked in the local dialect on the release of public land from public forests for settlement purposes to about 2,000 pe.Jple inside the auditorium on February 26, 1950. * * * * Tagbilaran, Bohol:-Dr. M. C. Cummings of the American Embassy, Manila, visited the provincial headquarters of Tagbilaran on February 20, 1950. Provincial Fcrester R. Navallasca and district personnel e,ntertained the Dr. Forestry matters in relation with the Page IS economic development of the province of Bohol were deliberated. * * * * Cagaya11, Misamis Oriental:-Ranger Domingo 0. Ramirez of the provincial headquarters gave a lecture on "Our Forest and Its Administration" to the Botany Class of the Ateneo de Cagayan Students on February 18, 1950. * * * * Provincial Forester Vicente Marababol was one of the elected del€gates of the Misamis Oriental Council of the BSP who attended the 11th National Council Meeting, BSP, in Davao City on May 6-7, 1950. In this Council, Director Tamesis garnered the highest votes am.:mg nine elected candidates as members of the National Executive Board, BSP. * * * * From a copy of a program of the town fiesta which took place at Gingoog on May 2123, 1950, the activities of the folbwing Alumni were noted:· Bernardo R. D.:>lores '28, as Chairman, Executive Committee, Gingoog Town Fiesta, with a one paged write-up entitled "Homage"; Vicente Ve.dad '26, ViceChairman; Florencio Guirnela '34, Chairman Sports Committee. Mr. Guirnela participated in tennis, double, in the athletic events. Excerpts .:>f "Homage" are quoted as follows: "Gingoog is blessed with rich fertile soil ... home of the world famous tangile, red lauan, almon etc .... unsurpassed anywhere. Industrial exploitation by the Sta. Clara Lumber ·co., Inc. and by Anahan Lumber Co. are a boom that provides opportunities for labor, enhance local prosperity and help create favorable trade here and abroad. Central Office Council of Personnel Administration: - Elected on June 29, 1950 as members of the Council of Personnel Administration for the period from July 1, 1950 to June 30, 1951, were Forester Teofila Santos and Mr. Vicente ~onor for the technical and clerical force, respectively. Votes casts were Page 16 512 and 391 respectively. Outgoing members are Dr. Vicente de la Cruz and Mr. Isidoro Francisco. Bureau of Forestry Savings and Loan ·Association, Inc. and Forestry Relief Association.-In an election on June 10, 1950, the following were elected Members of the Board of Directors and Assistant Officers: Board of Directors: -Messrs. Carlos Sulit, Isidoro Francisco, Lorenso Sison, Felix Mabbayag, Federico_ Jimenez, and Isabelo Achacoso. Assistant Officers: -Messrs. Antonio A. Quejado, Tomas N. Roque, Vicente Leonor and Jose Viado. In view, however, of the transfer of Mr. Isidoro Francisco to the Bureau of Fisheries, Mr. Demeterio Salunga who obtained the seventh highest votes qualified for board membership. From among members of the board of directors, the following were elected and constitute the Officers for the period from July 1, 1950 to June 30, 1951: President: Isabelo Achacoso; VicePresident: Carlos Sulit; Secretary: Federico Jimenez; Treasurer: Lorenzo Sison; Auditor: Demetrio Salunga; Legal Adviser: Felix Mabbayag; Assistant Secretary: Vicente Leonor; 'Assistant Treasurer: Tomas N. Roque; Assistant Auditor: Antonio Quejado; and Assistant Legal Adviser: Jose Viado. GOVERNOR ASKS MORE RANGERS FOR PROVINCE CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY, July 4---In a letter addressed recently to Director of Forestry Florencio Tamesis, Governor Paciencio G. Ysalina requested the assignment of additional rangers and foresters to Misamis Oriental to help in developing its agricultural and lumber industries. Ysalina's request was prompted by his observations that the local forestry office is undermanned and cannot cope with its work specially in the allocation and inspection of forest lands. Despite their industry and desire to serve the people, the FORESTRY LEAVES present personnel is simply unable to meet the public demand for service, the governor said. Numerous requests of the provincial board for the reclassification of forest lands in the municipalities of Manticao, Claveria, Gingoog, and Salay, have not been complied with because of the lack of trained personnel it was pointed out. HERE AND THERE By·M. V. QuxsuMBING The chairmen of the different Red Cross service committees of the Misamis OrientalBukidnon chapter of the PNRC were named at the chapter board meeting held last Friday evening. They· cu-e Major Angeles Limena, Disaster Preparedness and Relief Service committee; Provincial Treasurer Ubaldo D. Laya, Fund Raising committee; Dr. Jose Zamora, Blood Program committee; Dr. Galo Franco, Nursing Service; Atty. Ernesto Tamparong, Safety Services; Vicente Marababol, Home Service Committee; Juan S. Pagttio, Junior Red Cross; Lt. Col. Anastacio de Guzman, Military Welfare Service; and Hon. Roque Chaves, Public Information Service. The chapter board also unanimously approved to recommend to PNRC national headquarters the approval of a resolution of the Bukidnon subchapter board regarding their application for an independent status. District Engineer Galo Castronuevo was designated chairman of a committee to p• ~ pare the plans of the new RC headq11'll'ters building, with Vicente Marabab:>l and Dr. Jose Zamora as members. The newly elected offir:=rs and members of the board of director of the Dacams Cooperative Association took their oaths of ·office before City Judge Agustin Antillon in a simple but solemn ceremony held at Yee's Restaurant last Saturday. The 1950-51 directorate is composed of the following: Forester Vic R. Marababol, AUGUST, 1950 president; Dr. Greg. C. Goloyugo, vice-president; Greg. Abellera, secretary; Ranger Dalmacio Zablan, treasurer; Valentin K. Lina, auditor; Forester Conrado P. Verendia, assistant treasurer; Carlos 0. Fernandez, assistant auditor; and Proceso Balauag, Mac Cabaraban, and Justino A. Ybanez, members of the board of directors. The Dacams Cooperative Association has among its members the present and former officials and employees of the Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources and the Department of Commerce and Industry, who at one time or another have been assigned in Misamis Oriental and Bukidnon. During the recent trip of Director Florencio Tamesis and Forester Porfirio San Buenaventura, Chief of the Administrative Division, to Mindanao the Dean made an appeal to the alumni to give their share to the U.P. Carillon Jfund Drive for which he had pledged 'P2,000 from the Forestry alumni. They also had the occasion to meet most of the Forestry Alumni in the province of Davao, Cotabato and Zamboanga and those no longer with the Bureau of Forestry. Among .those they met were Messrs. J. Acenas, Cl 20; N. D. Estabillo, Cl '20; D. L. Dagondon, Cl '40; C. 'L. Mercado, Cl '27; R. F. Salvilla, Cl '26; J.C. Andrada, Cl '19; G. Diego de Dios, Cl '14; A. P. Estaniel, Cl '34; E. S~, Cl '20; J. Illustrisimo, Cl '28; P. Asagra, Cl '30; L. Denoga, Cl '22; M. Etubaii.as, Cl '33 and others. At the party given by Mr.,Nazario Penas, of the Sta. Clara, t6 which alumni and personnel of the local forests station were invited, the plan for reviving the awarding of the Ahern Medal, which in pre-war years was given to the graduating student for scholarship was discussed. The board of judges of the float contest held, in· connection with the city's cele( Continued on page 39) Page 17 Carnpus Notes MAKILING LITERARY CLUB REVIVED Literary-minded alumni of the old School of Forestry particularly the former members of the defunct Order of Pterocarpus of the School will probably be interested to know that the Makiling Literary Club has been reorganized in the college. Through the initiative of Senior Ranger Martin R. Reyes who was a member of the pre-war organization and now a Belo Boy, a small group of students met in one of the dimly-lit rooms of the college building late in the afternoon of August 9, 1950, and discussed the possible revival of the club. After hearing Prof. Blando talk about the history and former activities of the prewar organization, the body acted on and ratified a previously framed constitution and held an election for officers. The following were elected for the year 1950-51: President -------------------- Edgardo Mabesa Vice-President __________ Martin R. Reyes Secretary -------------------- Ben Almonte Treasurer -------------------· Jose Calip Auditor --------------~·:______ Domingo de Leon Business Manager ____ Primo Andres Adviser ---------------------- Prof. Jose ·B. Blando With the revival of this organization, it is expected that among other things, dramatics, writing, and public speaking in the College will receive a much-needed shot in the arm. The new members are eager to live up to the worthy name of the prewar club and hope to accomplish as much as their predecessors. The Makiling Literary Club was first organized in 1932 as a branch of the old Order of Pterocarpus, an affiliation of the brightest students in . the school, during that time. Then, as now, the club was under the guidance of Prof. Blando. Page 18 It presented plays to raise funds for various purposes, promoted literary activites in general; and published an organ called the N arra Chips which appeared from 1934 up to 1938 when it ceased to be published for some reason or another. However the club itself carried on its other activities and lasted till the outbreak of the war in 1941. Since then it was forgotten and only when somebody happened to dig up an old and dusty copy of the N arra Chips from Prof. Blando's files were memories of the Makiling Literary Club rekindled, although about 3 years ago, the present president Ed Mabesa, made moves to revive the organi.Zation. Not till the arrival of an old member, Ranger Reyes, did the dreams of the revival of the club "materialize. The young blooded Makiling Literary Club plans to take up the work started by the old organization in breaking the ·monotony of campus life and in training its members in the field of literary endeavors. As a new feature, the club will hold regular monthly luncheons or dinners at the new Mess Hall to which notables and writers who have made names for themselves will be invited as ·guest lecturers.-'-B. Almonte. This year the Forestry students . are using for. the first time the new Mess Hall. It is a low, spacious building, completely screened and well ventilated, constructed at the site where the old pre-war mess hall used to be. Like the new dormitories, its construction was made possible through ·the aid of' the U.S. Philippine War Damage Commission. Food is supplied by a private caterer at ?'45.00 a month. All students living in the new dormitories are required to have (Continued on page 35) FORESTRY LEA YES Our Dollar-Making Lumber Trade in. Difficulties By FLORENCIO TAMESIS Director of Forestry I have been asked of the present status of the lumber industry particularly the export trade. Our export trade has considerably improved since last September. It is expected that we will increase our export logs and lumber to at least ten per cent of our production before the year is over. Our export last year was only 4.5 per cent of our production. We are still below prewar level of from 25 to 30 per cent of our total production. Many of the Filipino producers find difficulty in taking advantage of the offers now being made from foreign countries to absorb our products. Fqr the last few· months I have been contacting producers for possible foreign trade in view of numerous requests that I received from foreign buyers, but unfortunately the response was very . discouraging. Outside of 10 . or 12 producers who were themselves exporters, no one seems to be able to take advantage of the brisk market in the United States, particularly for logs. All these big producers are booked almost to the end of the year which indicates healthy business. On the other hand, the local market prices seem to go "tobogganing," thus discouraging smaller producers who are not exporters from increasing their production. The situation is indeed anomalous and I believe it requires a drastic measure or remedy so that the country could take advantage of its foreign trade which is dollarmaking . and saving business for the country. Small lumber operators can not hope to get into the export trade without help and because of this they suffer losses by the AUGUST, 1950 lowering of local prices in the market which should not have been the case. As I have repeatedly said, the main difficulties of the lumber industry lie in inadequate financing and unorganized merchandizing both in local and export trade. Unless these two phases of the industry are corrected, we could not hope to increase our foreign trade to bring us the dollar. Today if we have the lumber and logs of the grades demanded abroad, we could dispose of them in no time. I have a standing inquiry to supply over 12 million board feet this year, but I doubt if any one can take it up seriously. We therefore have to be contented now with what little improvement through the efforts of big operators who are doing their utmost to increase production. I was asked if this situation could be remedied. My answer was in the affirmative, provided proper financing is obtained. Merchandising would come as a consequence of proper production at lower cost. The recent allegation therefore that we have lost our market in America is not quite true now. Today we can sell almost anything we can produce in the American Market, provided they come in proper standards and can compete prices with other woods produced elsewhere. Love is like a rpushroom. You never know whe· ther it's the real thing until it's too late. -TIMES OF BRAZIL (Sao Paulo) There is no limit to the good a man can do if he doesn't care who gets the. credit for it. -STATS Page 19 Lumber Review After a very successful visit of the Director of Forestry in the States and meeting lumber and timber users, enthusiasm was created and resulted in the greater amount of order for Philippine Mahogany. The 2~d semester of the fiscal year 19491950 corroborated this statement as there were shipped 19,855,855 board feet of lumber and 20,270, 704 board feet of logs with an estimated value of ¥'2,234,586.20 and ¥'1,799,389.85, respectively. United States leads in the imports of lumber and timber constituting 55% in volume and 40% in value of the total exports of the period covered by this review. New ..markets for lumber and timber are fast· developing and orders are pouring in continuously. Japan, Formosa (new) and Hongkong (new) proves to be very good markets. South Africa, Bel. gium and Ireland are beginning to have greater interests and Canada, Guam, and Hawaii, also are importing lumber and timber from the Philippines. There is an indication that Australia may be interested again on Philippine lumber as inquiry have been received from that country. A great future is in sight if systematic propaganda with regards to the usefulness availability both in quality and quantity of the Philippine Mahogany s~ that more dependable markets may be developed to increase not only in volume but in value as well of the timber and lumber export trade from the Philippines. Export prices both for lumber and logs have shown an improvement. A track star was boasting of his achievements when a man sitting at a nearby table interrupted him. "I'll race you," said the stranger. "And you'll never pass me if you give me a tree-foot start and let me choose the course." The sta·r looked at the portly gentleman and laughed. "Bet yc-u 50 to one I will," he returned. "\Vhere's the course-" "Up a ladder," answered the challenger. -Contributed .by FRANCES RODMAN, The Reader's Digest ' Page 20 Sunshine ·Corner "What was the hardest thing you learned at college?" asked the proud father. "To _keep repeating the phrase 'I don't know, sir'." Professor (irritated): "If there are many morons in the room, please stand up." A long pause, and a lone freshman rose. Professor: "What, do you consider yourself a moron?" Freshman-"Well, not exactly that, sir: but I do hate to see ·you standing all alone by yourself." A professor of physiology was describing the organs of sense, etc., and finallly asked for a summary of his lecture. The star of the class arose and said: -'!Well, Prof, as I see it, I see with m:y eye organ, I hear with my ear organ, I smell with my nose organ, I eat with my mouth organ, and I feel with my hand organ." Professor-"Give an example of a collective noun." Stude--"Garbage can, sir." ·--Cop-"Hey, watcha doin' here?" Biologist-"Why, er, officer, I am looking for flora and fauna." Cop-"Move along, or I'll run you inand your girl friends, too." First Stude--"Give an example of Scott's works." Second Stude--"Scott's Emulsion." Professor-"If the noun is singular make it plural. If it's plural, make it singular. The word is appendices." Student (raising his hand)-"Appendicitis." FORESTRY LEAVES COlDf U JUBIUf SCf Uf S Secretary Teodoro Eflangelista reading the President's address at the Golden .Jnnitlersary "'1111er, Manila Hotel. Forester Eugenio de la Crur: receiving his 25th year servke award, from Secretary ··Placido M,qa. I nfJocation by Monsignor Gabriel M. Reyes. Director Florencio Tame· sis o~ens the Foresters' Confermce and the Golden An· niTlerUU', Celebration. Mrs. BienfJeniJo Maria Gonzalez and Mrs. Florencio Tamesis unJJeiling the cenotaph donated by class '50. Class representatives la.\' their wreaths for their depar_ted classmates. Fieltl Mass on the,,,,.,,,,., Campus. R«J. Fr. Roman Baes, officitlting. Alumni roll call of thosr who had passed to the Great Beyond. SC£~13 Honorable Pio Pedrosa as guest speaker at the Emmerald Anniversary celebration. Anniversary luncheon at the Forestry Mess. L. to r. Gov. D. Chipeco, Honorable Pio Pedrosa, U.P. President B. M. Gonzalez, Mrs. L. Uichanco, Mrs. B. M. Gonzale11:, Mrs. P. Pedrosa, Mrs. F. Tamsis, Prof. H. Cuzner. Director Tamesis preside~· at the Alumni Conference. p..,,._ ,,A Dean Uichanco of the College of Agriculture addresses the foresters. The passing of the key at the Junior Prom. Miss Norma de la Cruz is the Junior Class Muse, 4th from right. An exchange of pleasantries among the "old timers". A thrilling game between FYC and the Laguna lnstittt.le. ~··· ••ti Upper portion of the Canlaon r olcano seen from a distance. Conferees bid adie• to their Alma Mater. Dean Tamesis, bags a white breasted ua eagle at Ursula Island, Palawan. Bagtica11s-Class '13 An interesting discussion on Mahogany as a reforestation crop. Provincial Foresters' League luncheon at tlie 4ristocrat. Spealter Peres d're11ing tlie Fore1ten Unveiling of Dean T11mesis' portrait donated by the Foresry Youth Circle, Central Office. Foresters at the Senior Luncheon. BY-PRODUCTS OBTAINED p.rf 1'tft TREE CUT DOWN PRODUCTS OBTAINED J1torriTHE TIMBER Taken from Naturt's Wtalt/J AEROPLANE OOP! NON SPLINTER. CLA.SS PRODUCTS orlLWOOD lACQVER. EY£ Pl~C£S roll G.A.5 MASKS NON INFLAMA81.f. r!LM PIUNJ'INv JJESl<iNS ON MA1'£RIA!S OBTAINED CHIPS SMOJ(£U.SJ' IJW/J£/t EXPLOSIVES OUR CRYING NEED"Standardi7.ation of Foresters' Salaries" By SANTOS E. DUENAS Provincial Forester Today, more than ever high government officials, national leaders, technical men: or otherwise are one in extolling the role played and has yet to be played by the splendid corps of men, faithful and silent guardians of our nation's vast natural resources-the foresters. The foresters have not been wanting in support. It is regrettable, however, that while vocal and written recognition of our services have been stressed time and again, our national leaders have not shown tangible evidence of such appreciation. Our crying need-"standardization of Foresters' sa .. laries has been sadly neglected. Unfortunately, for the foresters, they are considered in matter of wages more often than not, merely as "skilled workmen or clerks". The forest officers receive wages not commensurate with their skill and training nor with the work they perform compared to other government technical men of equal or similar training and category. In our agitation for a better deal we do not wi.Sh to give the impression that foresters are worth so much but we believe that it is only proper that technical men, the foresters be given their just due. We certainly cannot accept the presumption that a forester is worth only a "skilled workmen's wages or that his salary should be pegged to a certain minimum or maximum which could hardly keep "body and soul" together. The salaries for foresters must be standardized so that they may get what is due them, what they are entitled to as foresters. We foresters plea for a better break. We also plea to the authorities concerned to (Continued on page 32) AUGUST, 1950 FIFTY YEARS OF LIFE Organized fifty years ago, the Bureau of Forestry, one of the first bureaus established during the American regime, will observe the golden anniversary of its or~anization on April 13. Used to working hard without much fanfare the bureau personnel will commemorate the event sans the customary pomp and noise. Perhaps very few may realize the importance. of the Bureau of Forestry as an instrumentality of our national government. Some may even consider it as an unnecessary appendage to our governmental structure, all of which are very far from the truth because the Bureau of Forestry is really an office which not only c~es for one of our richest sources of national wealth but is also a revenue-producing institution. The Bureau of Forestry guarantees, through proper care and supervision, the perpetuation of three of the nation's natural wealth-forest, soil, and water. Without the ~ureau of Forestry there would be wanton destruction of our timber and the consequent erosion of our soil and the drying up of our lakes and rviers. The Bureau must, therefore, continue to exist to accomplish its mission which is very important to the life ·of the nation. On the occasion of its golden anniversary, we take opportunity to laud the '.Bureau's personnel who have been responsible for the efficient management and administration of our forest resources. The fact that their bureau has never been linked with grave and scandalous anomalies is the best evidence that the men behind it really consider their office as a public trust and that they are there to serve the best interests of the state. We wish them more power and· continued success. (Editorial Zamboanga Times) Page Z9 Major Bala Appeals to W or/J War II Veterans World War veterans in this city were urged to take and define their stand .-:>n the question of the Huks, in a speech delivered by Major Regula D. Bala, now connected with the local office of the Bureau of Forestry, at the Zamboanga Trade School. The occasion was World War Veterans Trainees day celebration held in connection with Trade School Week. Major Bala declared that the Huks are not merely after social and economic reforms but are after the overthr ;,w of the present democratic institution in this country. He urged his hearers to fight against this menace which threatens the security of the country. Earlier in his speech, Major Bala counseled the veterans to bury the hatchet and come to a more constructive and tangible undertaking to make the country ec·;,nomically soun,d. THE SPEECH Members of the faculty, fell;,w veterans, ladies and gentlemen: . It is indeed v~cy gratifying an.d elating to be once more in the midst of war comrades. I consider it a distinct honor of having been bestowed with the privilege of addressing you on this ;,ccasion . . . for you to be conferred with Proficiency Certificates ... an acknowledgment of your successful studies in this beIoved institution. I must congratulate you. Pride is yours, doubly so, at your age which the· defeatist and the weak, consider it a qualifying excuse to warrant their indifference or plain shame, in furthering their mental and intellectual pursuit. Y 0ur distinct success is an eloquent argument in support of adult education. Once more it proves that man's desire and capacity to learn only ends Page 30 with the last breath ... that man is truly incapable of knowing everything on earth. I consider it a betrayal to our pride as veterans and' a mockery to 0ur unconditional sacrifices, especially to the undaunted spirits of those who were left behind, without at least reminiscing our war lives. War was and still is horrible. We were thrown into the cauldron of the last war, not with the thought of material pr 0mise or of glory, but because of our right and obligation to defend ourselves and our ideals in our democratic way of life. We sweated, we bled, we wept, we prayed, and still others who were less fortunate, perished, in order to tip the balance of war to our side and its successful prosecution to a victorious end. Accordingly, we ma.de this world safe for democracy. In the midst of the fury and flame of battle we were lionized, immortalized. Soldiery won its highest laurel and praise. And, as the clouds of war lifted, the sun saw us displaced in th,e material and mo-al world ... moral, because, we found ourselves strangers in the hearts of our brcther ci 1ilians, and still within them, we were in the cache of hatred and apathy. We are still dazed. The opportunities blooming in the mad rush far get-richquick in the black market or the buy and sell world both during the Japanese and early liberation period were gone. All we felt then was that we were made the pawns by our smart materialistic and opportunist brethrens who fattened and profited themselves during the war instead of bsing and sacrificing every material thing for the cause. We were chagrined. Why the hatred, and apathy, and our unpopularity? Why? Simply because the overt and unsavory acts committed by some of our . comrades were applied in a general form. We were branded as superpatriots, and monopolists .-:>f patriotism, and FORESTRY LEA YES. all kinds of names. Fortunately, through the run by war. By rights we are more duty will of God, and as time went on, the civilians returned us back into the folds of their love, and whatever misgivings we unduiy got from them we had forgotten and had forgiven them. That in a nut-shell is the true and honest confession of soldiers . . . all common to us. Our national Government has never faltered to come to our aid within of course her limited res.:mrces. You are more lucky as you are under the protective wings of the United States Government. But as time goes on we shall expect more legislations in veteran affairs from our own national government and that of the United States government. Y .JU are in the stage of equipping yourselves with the know-how in a civilian way so that you will be able to render better assistance in the building of our country in a firm and sound foundation. We did our part to save this country and it is our supreme duty to preserve her and make her a beautiful place fo live in. We must do our respective share on this nation's building. . . our post-war gigantic· project as a young Republic. Let us bury .Jur hatchets and come to a more constructive and tangible undertakings to help make our country economically sound. No matter how humble your individual contribution to the well-being of our c.:>untry will be, take interest and pride as it is a contributing factor in the building of that great and magnificent state structure. We must lead in the acts of good citizentry, and render our unconditional civic duties. As a group we must organize ourselves into a militant organizati.Jn and take active and live part in all national affairs. We believe in the "immediate 'Moratorium' over partisan politics" in order that the best talents in this country can be drafted into the reins of the government which demands now, and not later, everyb.Jdy's unqualified loyalty and support. We must have faith in our leaders and render indulgence in the slow but steady democratic processes. in correcting our national ills which are the natural and normal ordeal of any country .JverAUGUST, 1950 bound to render these services. As veterans, it is .Jur prime duty to tak~ and define our stand on the question of the "Huks". • All our hazy interpretations and beliefs on the ideals and .Jbjectives of this movement had vanished. We are now convinced that this organization is not merely after social and economic reforms as hithertt' propagated by them, but are set to capture and destroy our dem.Jcratic institution and implant communism. They had unmasked themselves, and are now on .the rampage, in unison with other corr1;munistic upheaval throughout the world under the direction and dict&te of Moscow, to capture and c.Jntrol our government .. We fought during the last war against the atrocious tyrants, and certainly, we must not allow ourselves to be fooled by another tyrant in a sheep _skin. The "Huks" are the spearhead of the communist army, be it Russia or Red China. We believe in the "Mailed Fist" policy in strong and decisive measures in dealing with the "Huks", and. at tlie same time work on soci~r and economic amelioratiOn for the people. The international situation is really critiCal no matter h.Jw our international and national· leaders· subtlely describe it. I believe that war will just start at nobody's knowledge. It is going to be "sneaker" than Pearl Harbor. And as a matter of fact war is really on. See China, ·the "Huks'', the Indonesian guerrillas, and all other internal disorders in other countries. That is the communistic pattern of c.Jnquest. Russia's present satellites succumbed under the same and precise pattern. Notwithstanding every disappointment we have had as veterans, as part of the spoils of war, we are certainly and unconditionally· in the side of democracy and shall fight again to preserv~ it. I thank you. Silence make the real conversations between friends. Not the saying but the never needing to say is what COl)nts, _-MARGARET LEE RUNBEC}5:, Answer Without Ceasing (Houghton Page ·31 SUMMER CAMPING ... (Continued from page 14) jungle, we saw what seemed like a city park ground, somberly lit by silvery sunrays filtering through the thick foliage overhead. Dead, brown leaves covered the ground like a soft golden carpet and there were numerous places where, save for the rippling murmur of a little stream, not a sound could be heard, not even birds or insects, nothing but the gentle moan of the wind or the scarcely audible cawing of a far-off kalaw---only those and the deep silence; that, and a vague awareness that there, one is in union with nature itself, in a state of oneness with the Infinite. Night in the giant woodlands is so different from the daytime. But before I proceed, may I beg your tolerance if I, in my greenness regard the trees we have seen as giants? If you have been used to nothing but coconut trees or santols in your backyards or to the acacias and banabas that line some of the city'l!I better streets, how else could you look upon three or four-log red lauans . usually about one meter in diameter and sometimes as wide as two meters. Those mammoth hulks, of course, we could not see at night. We could only feel their presence around us as we lie in our rude open hut an~ stare through the cracks in the anahaw roofing at the dark boughs above over which the pale starlight was glimmering. With the quick advent of nightfall the creatures of the forest gradually come to life, breaking the stillness of the daytime as the cool mountain air is filled with the myriad chirps and twittering of insects' in the dark mingled with the screech of night birds. Far away from the flickering campfire, a deer would bellow and a hunter's shots would ring out. We would talk in low tones and speculate on the origin of the phosphorescent bits of matter that litter the ground like so many green coals in the dark, but always that nocturnal forest trill Page 32 STANDARDIZATION ... (Continued from page 29) give us a salary commensurate · with our capability, education and training. We members of the forestry profes5ion must admit that the fault is partly ours. We have never been vociferous in our bid for better wages. We used to believe that "silence is the better part of virtue." It will be to the best interest of the employees of the Bureau of Forestry if the foresters' salaries will be standardized at once and those concerned will include in its calendar of activities a ca~paign, personal and othewise, to this end. It is with high hopes that our plea"standardization of foresters' salaries will meet proper recognition and reward very soon and the forestry profession raised to the standard in which it rightfully belongs. THE MANAGEMENT . . (Cont. from p. 11) devoted to protect~on, administration, and supervision of forest utilization. In view of the limited personnel and fund& available, it is y .:>ur civic duty as Filipinos tp cooperate in the prevention of unnecessary destruction to our forests, especially against illegal cai.11Ain-making. The conservation of our forests by wise use is the only means by which we can pass this great natural wealth from the present to future generations. Y .:>u alone can help to protect and save it from destruction; would prevail until, weary from the day's hard grind, we would be carried off into the deep oblivion of sleep. For the hospitality of the District Forester's Staff in the area under Forester Severino Nablo, we will always be grateful. So are we thankful to the different sawmills in the area where we met many alumni of our school who gave us much sensible advice and made our stay a very enjoyable one in spite of the hard work. Last but not least in our esteem are the kind people of Bahi, Tuaca and elsewhere where we were welcomed. FORESTRY LEAVES 1~~-IMEMORA'.IJDUM FOR The Editor, Forestry Leaves July 6, 1950 . During the recent trip of Director Florencio Tamesis and myself in Davao, Cotabato, Zamboanga we were happy to meet most of the forestry alumni in these provinces specially those no lo·nger with the Bureau of Forestry .. In Davao we called on Mr. Juan Acenas, class '20, Superintendent of the Davao Penal Colony. He honored Director Tamesis wit!i a passing review and commemorative tree-planting in the Colony grounds on June 4. We met Mr. Nicolas 0. Estabillo class 'ZO who owns and operates a sawmill, Mr. Democrito L. Dagondon class '40 logging superintendent of the Gulf Lumber Company and Mr. Casimiro L. Mercado, class '27 who was repairing the sawmill of the same company. We failed to see Mr. Roman F. Salvilla class '26, a successful abaca pl!!nter, and Mr. Juan C. Andrada, class '19 another prospero-us farmer in Mati. At Cotabato, there were Mr. Gorgonio Diego de Dios class '14 with the Cotabato Electric Li11:ht Company, Mr. Antonio P. Estaniel, a licensee and sawmill operator and furniture manufacturer and Mr. Esteban Sim Class '20 who runs a big grocery and general merch:m<lise store. On the evening cf June 10, 1950, at the instance of Mr. Nazario Penas, class '13, a reunion of the forestry alumni was held in the New Look Restaurant at ~asilan City. There were present 14 alumni and S rangers and forest" guards of the Bureau of Forestry who were non-alumni. Mr. Juanito Ilustrisimo, class '28 and Mr. Pedro Asagra, class '30 of the Canes Plantation could not attend the party. Mr. Penas inquired about the scholarship award known as the "Ahern Medal" which before the war was awarded each year to the graduate obtaining the highest degree of scholarship in the College of Forestry.· The Director informed those present that after the war the medal was no longer given because of the death of the donor, Major George P. Ahern, former Director of Forestry. Mr. Penas suggested to find a way whereby the granting 11f this medal could be resumed. It was agreed that an appeal be made to all the alumni of the College for a contribution toward a permaAUGUST, 1950 nent fund to be deposited in a bank that wou!d earn a yearly interest sufficient tc· cover the cost of the medal. It was also decided to ex~end the appeal for contribution from the alumni for the propcsed carillon to he constructed by the University of the Philippines at Diliman, Quezon City. Forthwith Mr. Norberto L. Denoga, class '22 put in fer these func!s 2'20.00, which was followed by Messrs. Nazario Penas, Class· '13, Cristobal Perez, class '33, Agustin Pascua, class '2.5 and Monico Eteubanas, class '33 who gave 1"20.00 each and Mr. Constante Bayabos class '35, Pl0.00 Mr. Jose Seneca class '24 pledged P.'20.00. This amount of 1"110.00 is now in the hands of the Director of Forestry. Mr. Penas is local manage~ .of." the Sta. Clara Lumber Co.; Mr. Denoga, Administrator of the U.P. Land Grant assisted by Mr. Et.eu~ banas; Mr. Perez is manager of a 'tevedoring co-mpany and land-owner, and Messrs. Pascua, Seneca and Bayabos are cruisers with the Basilan Lumber Company. We, therefore, appeal to all our alumni to contribute to this fund. . Contributions should be sent to the Director of Forestry. The Director pledged 'P2,000.00 as contribution fro:n the Forestry Alumni for the construction of the carillon. P. SAN BUENA VENTURA Chief, Administrative Division Mr. T. Suprichakorn Director, School of Forestry Prae, Thailand My dear Director Suprichakorn: July 17, .1950 Your letter of June 6, 1950, to Prof .. Blando en·· closing Draft No. 187 for $5.00 was referred to this Office. I wish to inform you that we are tnailing to you by registered mail, under separate cover, one de luxe copy of the Golden Book which costs $3.75, postal charges $.55, or a total of $4.30. The balance cf $.70 out of your remittance of $5.00 was turned over to the Business Manager of Forestry Leaves. A copy of this letter was furnished Prof .. Blando for his information. I am enclosing Official Receipt No. B-929894 covering your remittance of $5.00. Very sincerely, FLORENCIO TAMESIS Director of Forestry Page 33 May 12, 1950 Butuan, Agusan The Editor in Chief, Forestry Leaves College of Forestry, U.P. College, Laguna Sir: With reference to the Anniversary issues of the Forestry Leaves and Forestry Golden Book: I am very sorry to inform you that there are big errors printed in the above referred issues, regarding myself, reported to be deceased. I wish to inform the management that I am very alive and at present I am connected with the Agusan Lumber Project of the National Development Company as Lumber Grader. Please make correction in the next issue of your Forestry Leaves, regarding my present condition, very much alive. PS Very sincerely yo~s, BARBIO CEBEDO * Ranger Graduate Class 1932 Besides I am a regular subscriber to the Forestry Leaves, please see the names of your regular subscribers at present time. Republic of the Philippines Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources BUREAU·'OF FORESTRY City of Zamboanga D-41, Publication April 12, 19SO The Editor Zambuanga Times City of Zamboan~a My dear Mr. Editor: Allow me, in behalf of the personnel of the Bureau of Forestry, to extend to you and your staff, our sincerest thanks and appreciatian on your eloquent Editorial of yesterday's issue of the Zamboanga Times. We assure you that vye shall continue with renewed vigor to accomplish our mission in the forest service. . The ever-green Pasonanca m~untain with its crowq,ing clouds is our testimonial guarantee that Forestry has gat to stay and must survive with popular support. Page 34 Very sincerely yours, REGULO D. BALA Junior Forester, PRO FORESTRY SPECIAL ORDER) No. 17 ) June 23, 1950 SuBJEC'l': Designation of Acting Stenographer Vicente Leonor as Acting Chief, General Service Section, Administrative Division. 1. Acting Stenographer Vicente Leonor, Administrative Division, Bureau of Forestry, Manila, is hereby designated Acting Chief, General Service Section, of the same Division, vice Mr. Isidoro Francisco, Chief, General Service Section, who is transferring to the Bureau of Fisheries effective July 1, 1950. 2. He shall receive all property accountabilities and other responsibilities from the · outgoing Chief of the General Service Section, on or before July 1, 1950. 3. He shall assume his duties as Acting Chief, General Service Section, effective July 1, 1950. (Sgd.) FLORENCIO TAMESIS Director of Forestry Bacolod City, June 17, 1950 Mr. Carlos Cunanan, Officer in Charge Canlaon Reforestation Project, La Castellana, Occ. Negros My dear Mr. Cunanan: I have your letter of the 1 ith, in regard to gathering firewood from public forests, and note your request for cooperation in the sense of not collecting and transporting from said public forests firewood. I am very glad to assure you of my m0'9t wholehearted cooperation in this regard. At the same time, may I call your attention to the fact that firewood is being gathered from the area of Escos lumber concession and not from the public forests? In a sketch shown by Provincial Forester Lopez in the office of the Bureau of Forestry at Bacolod, he showed a sketch wherein were definitely plotted the area where firewood could be gathered and the area where the public for~sts be not intruded upan, (and which, as a matter of fact, has been all along what we have bt>en doing\. we gathered firewood in the area plotted as that of Escos. Following also your suggestion along this line, we (Continued on page 41) FORESTRY LEAVES CAMPUS NOTES ... . (Continued from page 18) their meals there, having been previously required to pay a mess deposit of 1l'40.00 upon registration. CLASS OFFICERS Shortly after the opening of classes, the student organizations of the college held elections of their respective officers. The following officers were elected: FRESHMEN CLASS President, Julio Orantia; Vice-President, Alfonso Lucero; Secretary, Napoleon Vergara; Treasurer, Cornelio Ferrer; Adviser, Dr. A. V. Manza. Sophomore Class: Pres., Ciriaco Galutira; Vice-Pres., B. Almonte; Sec.-Treas., J. Meniado~ Auditor, R. Ardieta; Sgts.-atArms, M. Le:proso and F. Mabanag; Adviser, Dr. A. Manza. Junior Class: Pres., E. Malacoco; Vice-Pres., M. Eusebio; Sec., J. Meimban, Jr.; Treas., J. Ballesteros; PRO, Martin Reyes; Sgt.-at-Arms, I. Sario; Advise~-, Dr. A. Manza. SENIOR C~ASS President, Primo Andres; Vice-President, Deogracias Estrada; Secretary, Victorino Corpuz; Treasurer, Osiris Valderama; PRO, Cornelio Luczon; Athl. Mgr., Tito Santos; Representatives , to Senior Student Councii, Domingo Lantican, Eulogio Tagudar; Adviser, Prof. Jose B. Blando. Student Body Organization: Pres., D. Juni; Vice-Pres., J.· Tadena; Sec., B. Almonte; Tres., A. Sard.ifia; Auditor, 0. Valderrama. Ath. Manager, G. Santos, Sgts.-atArms, J. Cruz, I. Sario; Adviser, Prof. · Eugenio de la Cruz. U.P. Representatives: P. Salvador (Senior); J. Meimban, Jr. (Junior). M. R. Reyes (Rep. to Brd. of Management, Phil. Collegian). SETA SIGMA FRAT, LOS BA:titOS The U.P. Beta Sigma Fraternity, Los AUGUST, 1950 Banos chapter elected the following officers: President: Rudy Ylarde. Vice-Pres.: Eddie Mabesa. Sec.: Andy Goseco. Asst. Sec.: Vic Corpus. Treas.: Lourdio Clamahoy. Asst. Treas.: Jes Tadena. P.R.0.: Ben Garcia and Ben Almonte. Business Manager: Manuel Inigo. Sgt.-at-Arms: Nare Maligaya and Ping Cruz. Adviser: Dr. D. Umali. Formal initiation ceremonies of the fraternity was held on August 13, ·1950 at the Molawin Hall, College of Agriculture. SMOKERS' RALLIES The student body held a smokers' rally last July 11, 1950 under the auspices of° the Lumberjack Fraternity of the College. In another smokers' rally, Dr. Williams of the Chicago Field Museum was the guest speaker. The student smokers' rally, held in the new mess hall on August 6 was a successful affair .. Each class presented. stunts and the seniors obtained the hard earned first prize for the best stunt. Compared with other previous smokers' rallies, this had been the liveliest and th~ stunts were well prepared. The seniors presented, in the form of tableau, a resume of the struggle of our nation for freedom since the days of Lapulapu to the culminating day when our independence was graciously granted by the United States. -C. Reyes THIS YEAR'S BATCH OF FORESTRY BELO BOYS The increasing urgency for systematic and intensive management of the country's forest resources impels the Bureau of Forestry to better equip its forestrymen every year. This year's batch sent to this College to finish the B.S.F. degree course: Martin R. Reyes, Senior Ranger-from station Bacolod City. Page 35 Evangelino Malacoco, Supervising Rangerfrom Manila Office. · Domingo A. de Leon, Ranger-scaler-from Masinloc, Zambales. Alfredo L. Genio, Ranger-scaler-from Cagayan, Misamis Oriental. Conra~o B. Tadeo, T. Ranger-from Manila Office. (To finish Ranger Course) : Alfonso I. Tiam, T. Ranger-from Baguio City. Julio G. Orantia, Forest Guard-from lnfanta, Quezon. Alfonso A. Lucero, Forest Guard-from Cuyo, Palawan. The U.P. Los Bafios intramurals has started and the Forestry Basketball Team is once more on the go. Veteran players like Ping Cruz, Tito Santos, Jesse Tadena and Pete Salvador are the mainstays of the team. New finds from the freshmen like Lino '.Bandala bolster the team's strength and shooting prowess. Last year our team finished third in the series but this year we have high hopes of bringing home thP ~on falon. -B. Agaloos FORESTRY NURSERY The Nursery of the Maquiling National park has sold a variety of ornamental plants and trees, and has also given free balled the College of Forestry lawn tennis court (August 6), was highlighted by an exhibition game of Philippines' No. 4 racket wielder. Amado Sanchez and Los Bafios' No. 1 Bet, Jesus Sison. Sanchez won over Sison; score, 8-6, 6-0. The other matches were: SINGLES College, Los Banos Malabon Score Dr. Tan vs. Mr. F. Santos .............. ______ 6-8 Dr. Cendafia vs. Mr. Cayco ---------------- 6-8 Mr. Bernardo vs. Mr. Lazaro Mr. D. Juni vs. Mr. Lazaro DOUBLES 8-4 6-8 Tan & Sison vs. A. Lazaro & F. Santos, 3-6,2-6 J uni & Galano vs. A. & G. Lazaro 7-5, 4-6 G. Santos & de Mesa vs. Lazaro & Huat 6-4~ 6-0 Cendafia & Bernardo vs. de Luna & Lazaro 9-11, 9-7 C. Sulit & Yniguez vs. Camus & Rodriguez In the Intramural Basketball league, the College of Forestry basketball team is "making history repeat itself." With the exception of a lone victory over the Juniors, it has lost all the games, but not without a fight. As it has always been said of the Foresters, they are the gamiest and fightingest team that ever played at Baker Hall. But just the same we wish to throw orchids to Foresters Rola and Cortez. plants to private \md government entities. A beautiful trophy was donated by GenAmong the balled species in demand are eral Claro Lizardo of the PGF for the basNarra, Royal Palm, Caballero, Balitbitan and ketball championship league in connection bunga de china. Ornamental plants most with the fortieth anniversary of the College in demand are rosal, Dona Aurora, papua, of Forestry. The Forestry Youth Circle (not and San Francisco. The total number of the College of Forestry team but a composite balled species sold within the period of grot.ip composed of players from the College January 1, 1950 to July 31, 1950 amounts · of Agriculture, U.P. Rural High and a to 437 plants. member of the College of Forestry team) WHOLE DAY TENNIS FEST WITH SANCHEZ AT FORESTRY LAWN COURT The return match of the Malabon tennis players against the U.P. Los Bafios faculty players, a whole-day affair held in Page 36 won the trophy after beating all the formidable teams coming from different towns of Laguna. The second prize went to the Calamba lnstitute.-VRF Mr. Domingo Abarro Cl '18, one of the prominent alumni who went out of his way FORESTRY LEAVES to meet old friends and relive old memories on tha campus, donated one hundred pesos to the Forestry Leaves in response to the appeal of Dean Tamesis. The old cenotaph was replaced by the Class '50 with a more beautiful cenotaph (see pictorial section), which was unveiled by Mrs. Bienvenido Ma. Gonzales and Mrs. Florencio Tamesis at the celebration of the Fortieth Anniversary on the College of Forestry Campus on April 19, 1950. Secretary Pio Pedrosa and President Bienvenido Ma. Gonzales laid a wreath on the cenotaph, followed by a long line of representatives of different classes of the College of Forestry who took turns in laying the wreaths of their respective classes in honor of their dead classmates.-VRF Dean of Men Isidro Panlasigue, was the principal speaker at the Seniors' convocation on August 15, 1950. Dean Tamesis before introducing the guest speaker made mention of the fact that the Cellege graduates should not be so concerned with their employment after graduation as there are many jobs available in private lumber companies for the right kind of men, men who can deliver the goods. He stressed the necessity of the students' specializing in such c:ourses as may be of use to them when they go out to join lumber companies.VRF The Belo _Boys' Day was celebrated on !\.ugust 20th on the Forestry Campus. Main eature of the day was the basketball game >etween the Belo Boys, Juniors and Seniors. :here were other games played between the ampus basketeers, (midget, juniors, and se,iors) with outside teams. All the games rere won by the local teams with the exeption of the Forestry Youth Circle vs. ~ollege of Forestry game which was interllpted by a heavy downpour. The penant for it was not awarded. . UGUST, 1950 Since the rehablitation of the Forestry basketball court, the interest in the game was greatly increased specially among the younger set, who, as shown in last Sunday's game, played true to form.-VRF The Club Cervantino of the Los Ba1ios Colleges successfully held a dance on August 18 at the U.P. Rural High Auditorium. This newly organized club is composed of students who had taken Spanish during the summer in the College of Agriculture. The aim of the club is to foster greater interest in the Spanish language and fine opportunity for the members to practice the language among themselves at their meetings. The club plans to hold a declamation contest at the end of the first semester and unlike in previous years, the Spanish declamation contest this year will be for both College of Agriculture and Forestry students.-VRF WORLD FAMOUS BOTANISTS VISITS COLLEGE OF FORESTRY young but already world famous botanist, Dr. Llewellyn Williams of the Field Museum of Chicago, now on a botanical mission, honored the faculty, research division of Bureau of Forestry officials, and forestry students with an engaging travelogue on -July 21, 1950 in a SMOKERS' RALLY program sponsored by the Lumberjacks' Fraternity. He told of his thrilling and fruitful adventures in his international surveys of the plant world. He spent long months and even years in the jungles of Brazil, Argentina, Peru, Uruguay, Paraguay and almost all of South America in search of much needed materials from plants for the U.S.A. during World War II. Chicago and New York sent him also to other parts of the world for important surveys for the botanical needs of their universities. He has written several useful books a number of which are now used as references and textbooks by universitie:; and some Latin American countries. Forester and concurrently Professor de la Cruz introduced Dr. Williams. M.R.R . Page 37 FOREST LAWS ... (Continued from page 8) lands. The evil effects of this practice is the gradual disappearance of our vast commercial forests t.:> the detriment of public interests. In order to eradicate the kaiiigin evil, His Excellency, the late President Quezon strongly recommended the enactment of Commonwealth Act No. 447 which provides heavier penalties for illegal forest destruction and illegal entry and occupation of .:>Ur public forests, the penalty being imprisonment ranging from one to six months, eviction of the offender from the land and forfeiture of whatever improvements made thereon. However, only thru mutual. understanding and cooperation shall we be able to accomplish our policy of forest conservation, that is, individual interest and c.:>llective interests should team together towards this end. It is gratifying to note that at present we have adequate F.:>rest Laws for the conservation of our natural resources. It is, however, regretted that at present there is lack of sufficient technically trained foresters and funds to carry out effectively the enforcement of our existing Forest Laws. The Government should, therefore, encourage desir~ble men t.:> take up the forestry profession and to provide for tile graduates reasonable, stable and remunerative positions. ~ - The problem of forest conservation 'is a nati.:>nal problem. Our country is aware of the unending benefits derived from forest conservation and the irreparable injury to our economic and social welfare if we should be negligent in our duty as trustees for this valuable portion of our national inheritance. It is our prime duty to transmit to our posterity not- only our heritage of liberty but also the material resources which are essential to give life and permanence to that liberty. Conservation is the prevention of waste or destruction or in other words, the wise use .:>f our resources. In this connection, there is quoted below excerpts from a speech of His Excellency, the Page 3·s late President Quezon, for the guidance of the public. "You can· show true patriotism and 1.:>ve of country by conserving and utilizing wisely our forest resources. I repeat, do not cut and burn trees; otherwise, you deprive our country of the income from farest charges which income means schools for your children and their children's children. We have no right to deprive them of their inherent share of the patrimony of our country-.:>ur fo-1 rests". In conclusion, I wish to emphasize that in order to succeed in all our public undertakings, our slogan should be "One for all and all for the service of the pe.:>ple." THE PROBLEM OF . . . (Continued from page 48) wait too long, it will be too late. At the rate data for complete working plans are being worked out, it will take years before they can be completed. However, with the application of data on hand the above measure& could be undertaken, and such modifications made as experience indicates to be desirable. It is ~ the tackling of problems of this type that the special training of the forester51 may be made use of. Even the use of trained foresters will not be enough to ensure success unless there is also a thorough and sustained cooperation among the foresters, the lumber companies and the Government. -MRR ERRATA Page 48 l. 16---"area" should read "are'. L. 23 "members should read "remembers." April issue 1950, p. 41-title of article should read "A Suggestion for a N ceded Complementary Measure to Our Forest Protec;:tion Laws." I FORESTRY LEAVES' B.F. NOTES ... (Continued from page 17) bration of the 4th anniversary of the Republic finally released their much-awaited decision as to who were the winners of the contest with the announcement that the DACAMS float won the first place, and with it the cash prize of fifty pesos. The other winners were the float of the Cagayan W omen's Club and the Red Cross which obtained the second and third place winners. The DACAMS' float won primarily on the novel way it portrayed its message to the people---its central theme being the defense of our Republic by strengthening our economic independence and converting our country into an arsenal of food and a bastion of industrial production. DACAMS' OFFICERS SWORN BY JUDGE CAGAYAN DE ORO CITY, July 4';l'he newly elected officers and members of the board of directors of the Dacams Cooperative Association took their oaths of office before City .Judge Agustin Antillon in a simple ceremony held at Yee's restaurant last Saturday. The 1950-51 directorate is composed of the following: Forester Vic R. Marababol, president; Dr. Greg C. Goloyugo, vice-president; Greg Abellera, secretary; Ranger Dalmacio Zablan, treasurer; Valentin K. Lina, auditor; Forester Conrado P. Verendia, assistant treasurer; Carlos 0. Fernandez, asssistant auditor; and Proceso Balauag, Mac Cabaraban, and Justino A. Ybanez, members of the board of directors. t - The association has among its members the present and former officials and employees of the departments of Agriculture and Natural Resources and the Department of Commerce and Industry, who at one time or another, have been assigned in Misamis Oriental and Bukidnon. Fiftlz Annual Convention, PGEA (July 1-3, 1950): -As a result of the annual election for officers of the ;Association chairman Doroteo Soriano of the Bureau AUGUST, 1950 of Forestry Chapter, was elected one of the 22 members of the Legislative Council and National Treasurer vice Mr. Vicente Tagle, retiring. Mr. Baltazar J. Ber· nal, Chairman of the host chapter of Baguio City, was elected vice-president. Mr. Baltazar Cuyugan and Gregorio Aq. Limjoco, were reelected President and Secretary, of the PGEA respectively. The last two have occupied their positions since the organization of the Association after the war. Delegate Filemon Kapuno, represented the Bureau of Forestry Chapter. Delegates Jose Viado, Juan Acogido and Eugenio de la Cruz were not able to attend the convention. Bureau of Forestry. Chap:er, PGEA, Elects Officers. -A special meeting Gf the Bureau of Forestry Chapter, PGEA, took place on July 11, 1950 to deliberate on the following agenda: ( 1) report of delegates at the Fifth Annual Convention of the Philippine Government Employees' Association at Baguio City; (2) rally for increase of membership and payment of 1950 dues; and (3) election of officers. A'11ong the resolutions passed by the convention that which concerns the negotiability of back pay; inclusion of vete· rans of World War II and recognized guerrillas who were government employees before the war to the back pay law (Republic Act No. 304); and retirement privileges were stressed. Considering the fact that the Bureau of Forestry has under its pay roll 1,160 em· ployees as of June 30, 1950, actual membership of 169 in the Bureau of Forestry Chapter could easily be increased. The results of the election are as follows: President, Dorotea Soriano: Vice-Pre~ident Placido Dacanay; Secretary, Juan Daproza; Treasurer, Juan Acogido (new); and Delegates: Jose Viado, Filemon Kapuno, Juan Acogido and Eugenio de la Cruz. FIELD SERVICE Sta. 'Cruz, M arinduque.-In the celebration of the Sta. Cruz town fiesta in the province of Marinduque, from May 1 to May 3, 1950, the local personnel led by Forester Duenas participated in the Agricultural and Industrial Exposition held in that municipality. The participation was made possible through the fimmcial help extended by licensees and lumber dealers in the province. The forestry booth was the only national government participation durin!!: the exoosition. Bayombong, Nueva Piuaya.-The district personnel participated in the Carnival and Industrial Fair held at Bayombong (April 25-30, 1950). A forestry booth was displayed. Materials in the exhibit were donated by licensees and lu'Tlber dealers. Over 5,000 people visited the booth. With the display of planks of wood of nato, whit~ L:rnan, bagtikan and ir.her species of the lower groups, the aopreciation of the public in the use of these species for house construction was accelerated. Page 39 Cagayan de Oro City.-Dacams Officers sworn.The newly elected officers and members of the board of directors of the Dacams Cooperative Association took their o:iths of office before· City Judge Agustin Antillon in a simple ceremony held at Yee's restaurant ·recently. Malaybalay, Bukidnon.-In connection with the cc·:nmemoration of the first official use of the Bukidn0n Rest Howse in Malaybalay, Bukidnon, for session of the Court of First Instance, presided by Honornble Judge Primitivo Gonzales from May 2Z to June 6, 1950, mass commemorative tree planting under the leadership of Judge Primitivo Gonzales took place in the premises of the Rest House Building. TTwelve seedlings, ( narra, Eucalyptus, mahogany, araucaria, banaba, and Do.fia Aurora, the last donated by ExCongresswoman R. 0. Fortich, each to represent the national, provincial, and municipal officials present were planted. Besides the commemorative trees, the Bureau of Forestry personnel led by Officer in Charge Delfin P. Espanola planted 14 seedlings. By Junior Forester R. D. BALA PRO, Bureau of Forestry, Zamboanga City On the 13th of this month the Bureau of Forestry will celebrate its Golden Anniversary, and in its conjunction, the College of Forestry, University of the Philippines, will also celebrate its Fortieth Anniversary. In this connection, the following brief on the activities of the Bureau of Forestry in this City, .otherwise known as the headquarters of Forest District No. 41, embracing the province of ·Zamboanga and the two cities of Zamboan~a and Basil an, is given: The Bureau of Forestry was organized in April, 1900 one of the first Bureaus organized under the American regime. Its functions were defined for the administrat;on, management, protection, and conservation of the public forests in the Philippines. Subsequently, in 1910 the College of Forestry, University of the Philippines, was also founded, to train technical personnel of the Bureau. The local Bureau of Forestry in this City was established in 1910. Today, on its shoulder, is loaded thr administration of about 1,048,000 hectares of public forest including mangrove swamps of the province of Zamboanga and in the cities of Zamboanga arid Basilan, repruenting about 62 per cent of the total land area. Added to this vast area of. forest land, the administration of the public forest in the province of Sulu is meanwhile under the Zamboanga office. There are approximately 600,000 hectares of commercial forest with estimated stand of 55,728,000 cubic meteri of timber. Based on an average of lf'l.92 per cubic meter of forest charges collected during the last fiscal Page 40 year, our commercial forest in term of forest charges due the Government will amount to !"106,997,760. This amount does not include our mangrove swamps which are estimated to yield to the Government approximately P788,900 in the form of forest charges for firewood and round materials. Our commercial timbers and other minor forest products such as rattan, nipa, firewood, almaciga, etc., are exploited by persons or parties holding licenses issued by the Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources and/or the Bureau of Forestry. Our lumber business alone, im•olving logging, lumbering, and sawmilling activities, ,in this district, is capitalized at P9,046,133.46, and in other minor forest products activities at P76,361.00. There are 33 sawmills actually operating and some 46 operators without sawmillsonly confining to logging, employing about 3,500 labor.ers to include those employed in other phases of forestry activities, or about 14,000 persons are directly dependent on forest activities. During the last fiscal year the total production or cut from our commercial fore't in terms of round legs amounted to 3H,013.68 cubic meters. Out of this amount there were yielde~ by our sawmills 51,208,092 board feet of sawn lumber,' and the rest were marketed in the form of round logs; Our total income for the same period amounted t1 P627,070.14 in the form of forest charges, reforestatiort funds, and other fees. Compared to this amount of in~ come there were spent by the Bureau of Forestry in thisl district 1'60,730.60 in form of salaries and G1her ex• penses of the 44 personnel or equivalent to 9.68 per cent. Last year there were exported 6,226,047 board feet of rcund logs, flitches, and lumber to the United. States, Hongkong, South America, and Japan. The former absorbed 74 per cent of all our export. Ou'"i exporting companies are the Basilan Lumber Co., Sta. Clara Lumber Co., Inc., Western Mindanao Lumber Co., Inc., and the Johnston Lumber Co., Inc. The former exported 82.9 per cent of our total export. By law,. ,the Bureau of Forestry is charged with the clas•ification and 'delimitation of our public domain into forest and agricultural lands. The Northern Mindanao Land Classification Party is at present at Kabasalan and shall eventually cover every area under petition for classification by various parties through~ out this district. We had established 23 parcels o communal forests strategically scattered throughou this province and the two cities of Zamboanga and, Basilan from where the people can cut wood and other construction materials free of charge, two National Parks-the Basilan National Park and the Rizal Naticnal Park at Dapitan, Zamboanga, two forest reserves-Fort Sta. Maria Teak' Forest Reserve and the Basilan Forest Reserve. and one reforestation project -Manuel Roxas Memorial Forest at Pasonanca ... all for scenic and aesthetic enhancement and for scientific I studies. Fore,try practice in this district, and througlt-~ FORESTRY LEAVES out the Philippines in general, is still confined in the exploitation and protection of our forest wealth. We are indeed fortunate that the greater bulk of our land area is· still under forest. To plant and raise trees is laborious ancl expensive and takes generations to bring them into the present stage of our commercial forests. Our cherished objective is to conserve by wise use this legacy so as to perpetuate its use not only in terms of wood and its products and other tangible benefits, but also its influence on farming, climate, erosion, water supply, wild life, and on our aesthetic and scenic sense. FROM THE MAIL (Continued from page 34) will also apply for a Gratuito·us Firewood License, so that your administration will succeed, ably carried out by such men as are in the Forest administration in Negros. The people of Negros can only be thankful that they have able and alert men in the Forestry, so as to save the patrimony of the nation. I hope. that in the meantime, though, you will permit us in our operations, seeing that we do not touch the public forests but obtain our fuel in the area ope-· rated by Escos. (Sgd.) BENJAMIN L. GAMBOA Provincial Warden Republic of the Philippines Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources BUREAU OF FORESTRY City of Zamboanga D-+1, Publication April 14, 1950 The Editor Philippines Free Press Manila Sir: I am inclosin~ herewith a clipping of the "Editorial" of the Zamboanga Times, a fearless, militant, and impartial newspaper of this City, of April 11, 1950, requesting its republication in the Philippines Free Press. It is indeed an eloqent and fitting eulogy of the Forestry and· the men behind it. The last part of the "Editorial" is strikingly significant and rare commendation to happen now-a-days. Incidentally, all the technical per&onnel of the Bureau of Forestry came from the same college ... College of Calling All Alumni Remember the U .P. Carillon (Pis. read page 33) AUGUST, 1950 Forestry, University of the Philippines. I am thanking you in advance of the great favor, I remain Very respectfully, REGULO D. BALA EDWIN BINGHAM COPELAND Mr. Florencio Tamesis Director of Forestry Manila, P. I. Dear Director Florencio: 1322 Euclid Avenue Berkeley, California July 22, 1950 This is to thank you for my copy of your GOLDEN BOOK. I do not believe it would be possible for any book to do full justice to the record of your Bureau, or of the School which the Bureau established and which in turn has provided your present staff. But, the GOLDEN BOOK is itself a remarkable creditable work. I congratulate you heartily on it, and thank you again for your courtesy in sending me a copy. Very sincerely yours, (Sgd.) E. B. COPELAND THE PHILIPPINE FORESTS The Philippine forests, which constitute 59 percent of the land area of the country, is managed by the Bureau of Forestry which is charged by law with the administration, protection, and conservation of all public forests. The forests belong to the State, and - like' other natural resources, with the exception of public agricultural lands, can not be alienated. The whole area of the Philippines from the tops of mountains to the seacoast might have been covered with forest, or similar vegetation. Subjected to cutting and clearing, over 5 million hectares, or -about 17 percent of our land area, is open grassland, abandoned by the original occupants due to loss of soil fertility. This commercial forest of the Philippines covering more than 13 million hectares with an average stand of 90 cubic _meters per hectare, has a volume of about one billion cubic meters. 'This forest wealth is worth more than two billion pesos in forest charges, and its commercial value is approximately 58 billion peso.s. Page 41 Glossary of Forestry Terms (Continuation) Hardwood. Conventional term used to denote the timber of broad-leaved trees belonging to the botanical class Angiosperms. The term has no reference to the actual hardness of the wood. Harlequin table. A dressing and writing table combined, much used during the latter part of the Eighteenth ,century. Harpsicor.d. An old-fashioned musical instrument. A precursor of our modem piano. Harratine. An Eighteenth century linen fabric used for bed-hangings. Haskinizing'. A patent method of wood preservation. Hasso~k. A thick, cushioned footstool. Hatch. 1" A square or oblong .:>pening in the ,deck of !3- ship, forming the communication between one deck and another, also knowti as "Hatc~way." 2. A door or half-door with an opening over it. Hatchet. A small axe with a short handle. to be used with one hand. Haul. In logging, the distance and route over which teams must go between two given points, as between the yard or skidway and the. landing. Haul back. A small wire r.:>pe, traveling between the donkey engine and a pulley set near logs to be dragged, used to return the cable. Syn.: back line, pull back,. trip line. Hauling apparatus. An apparat~ consisting of a chain or rope drum, round which the Page 42 rope is coiled by gearing and by means of which logs are hauled into a sawmill by power. Haul up. A light chain and hook by which a h.:>rse may be hitched to a cable in order to move it where desired. Haunch. Shoulder of a tenon. Haunching apparatus. An attachment, sometimes fitted to a tenoning machlne; by means of ~hich the haunch of the tenon is sawn out usually by means of a drunken saw fitted to one of the spindles of the machine. Hay wire outfit. A contemptuous term for loggers with poor logging equipment. Hazard. The relative amount, class, charac.:· ter and condition of fuels which constitute a part of the fire danger on any area. (Hazard concerns fuels only. Inflammability is the susceptibility of the fuels to ignition. Risk refers only to agencies which cause fires. Danger is the sum .:>f them all, plus damage and other factors.) The above distinctions between hazard and risk are in more or less common usage in literature regarding forest fires, and as so used these 1 terms have that limit~d meaning which is required in scientific phraseology. For this reason the use of these words, as above defined, is preferable with reference t.:> forest protection. As used by fire insurance companies and by general .Public no distinction is consistently made between hazard and risk. Hazard reduction. More limited in meaning than "danger reduction." FORESTRY LEAVES Haze. A general term applied to a condition of the atmosphere which interferes with vision. Usually due to dust or sm.:>ke and distinct from fogginess or cloudiness. Head block. 1. The part of a carriage which holds the log and upon which it rests. Each head block consists of a base, a knee, a taper set, and a rock an.d pinion gea1. 2. The l.'.>g placed under the front end of the skids in a skidway to raise them to the desired height. Headboards. The head part of a wooden bed between the two side rails. Head driver. An expert river driver who, during the drive, is stationed at a point where a jam is feared. Head drivers usually work in pairs. Syn.: log watch, jam i>racker. Head faller. The chief of a crew of fallers. Heading. The pieces of lumber from which the tops and b.:>ttoms of barrels or other similar containers are cut or the top and bottom of such when finished. Head log. 1. The front bottom log on a skidway. Syn.: face log. 2. The front log in a turn. Syn.: lead log. Head of fire. Leeward or uphill side; side which is adva~cing fastest. Headquarters. In logging, the distributing point for supplies, equipment, ,and mail; not usually the executive or administrative center. Head-saw. The principal saw- in a sawmill used for breaking down the log. Head tree. In steam skidding, the tree to which the cable upon which the traveler runs is attached. Headworks. A platform or raft, with wind· lass or capstan, which is attached to the front of a log raft or boom of logs, for warping, kedging, or winding it thr.:>ugh lakes and still water, by hand or horse power. AUGUST, 1950 Heart checks. More or less radial cracks appearing at the end of a log emanating from the central core of the log. Heart shake. A crack appearing at the end of a log in the form of a complete .:>r partial circle. Heartshakes. Clefts crossing the heart, wider in the center, caused by shrinkage of earlier formed wood. Heartwood. The wood, extending from the pith to the sapw.:>od, the cells of which no longer participate in the life processes of the tree. Heartwood may be infiltrated with gums, resins, and other materials which usually make it darker and more deca~-resistant than sapwood. Heat killing. The destruction of foliage, usually of lower branches, due to intensity or v.:>lume of heat arising from a surface or ground fire, and as contrasted with the actual burning or singeing of leaves by the flames. Hedge. Properly a thicket of thorn-bushes or other shrubs or small trees. Such a thicket planted · around a field as an enclosure changes its complexion; it becomes the English "haw" and yields "hawth.:>m." It is the French haie that ga~e the "hays" in our royal forests, and is identical with the Dutch "hague." Hedge-carpenter. A maker of gate-post and rail fences, or other matter connected with hedges and enclosures of land. In White's Gazetteer of Notts ( 1832 ), ten tradesmen were bracketed at Worksop, as "English Timber Merchants, (hand) Sawyers and Hedge<arpenters.'' Heel in, to. To store y.:>ung trees for plauting by laying them against the side of a trench an.d covering the roots with earth. Height class. All trees in a stand whose heights are within prescribed limits. Height growth. The increase in height of a tree. Page 43 Height measure. An instrument for measuring the height of a tree. Held line. The control line which was never abandoned for a new line on a new location. Helve. The handle of an axe. Herculaneum. A name used by Sheraton in reference to an upholstered chair of classical form. Herringbone. A design for inlaying, etc., in which rows of slants alternate. Herty cup. An earthernware shaped like a flower pot. container Heterogeneous ray. A xylem ray composed of cells of different morphological types. (Typically, with the cells of the multiseriate part radially elongated and those of the uniseriate parts vertically elongated or square.) Hewn. Cut with an axe or an a,dze. High light. A term used in the finishing of furniture, when finishes are blended from a lighter to a darker shade or vice versa. High relief. Carving in which the design projects. at least in part, farther from the surface than in low relief; High track or dollyway. An elevated tramway which runs fr .:>m the sawmill to the yard. Hinge. A device used on doors, lids, etc., so as to allow them to swing out or away from their base. Hip. The external angle formed by the meeting of the sloping sides of a roof, which have their wall-plates running in different directi;:>ns. Hip rafter. of a roof. The rafter which forms the .hip • Hitchcock chair. An early American chair, with straight turned front legs, back slightly tapering turned top rail and one broad· slat, decorated by stencil work. Hick and hicking. Are not dictionary words, Hoard and hoarding. In architecture, the hence their origin has not been investigated. "To hick" is to raise one end of a piece of wood; "hicking" is the work of one man of a piece of wood; "hicking" is the work of one man in a gang of men unloading a ship or barge of sawn deals ;:>r battens; he has a "handbook" in one hand, with which he lifts the wood a few inches until he can grasp the end with both hands, when with an easy swing, he elevates it as high as he can reach, whereon a "Deal-carrier" runs his shoulder under an,d carries the piece away to the "pile" or ·"wagon." H-Hinge. A hinge with long leaves or flat parts which when open brm the letter H. High-back chairs. Old English chairs, with high seats and arms, used by dignitaries and church officials. High·boy. A chest of drawers supported by a low-boy or table with drawers. Page 44 name given b the timber enclosure round a building when the latter is in course of erection, or undergoing repair or alteration. Hock-leg. A style of cabriole leg with a curve and angle on the under part of the knee. Hog. A machine used for cutting wood into chips; a refuse grinder. H.:>garth chair. A fine English chair of the Queen Anne type. Hold of a ship. That part of the ship between the lowest deck an,d the keel. In merchant vessels it holds the main part of the cargo. Hollow. 1. Joiner's hand-plane, one of a "set," fellow to its opposite the "round".:....... in "a pair of hollow and rounds." 2. A place excavated, as· "the hollow of a tree.'.' 3. In architecture, a concave moulding; FORESTRY LEAVES sometimes called a "casement"-usually one-sixth or one-fourth of a circle. 4. "Hollow-wall," one built in two thicknesses, leaving a cav!ty between either for saving materials, ·.:>r for preserving a uniform temperature in apartments. Hollow-backed. A board is said to be hollow-backed when a small amount of wood has been removed from the central part of the back side in or.der to enable the board to lie flat. Hollow chisel mortising machines. A mortising machine which cuts a mortise by means of a square hollow chisel. An auger revolves in the centre of the chisel and bores a hole, while the comers are squared out by the chisel as it is fed into the wood. For a long· mortise several holes are made one after the other in line. Hollow-horning. Internal checking. Hollow trunk. Trees decaying in the trunk. Best treated by cleaning out all decaying matter, and when dry painting interior with creosote, then filling up with clean gravel and sand, with a surface coating of cement, adding generally a coat of tar. Homogeneous ray. A xylem ray composed of ra.dially elongated cells. Honeycomb. Cheeks, often not Visible at the surface, that occur in the interior of a piece, usually along the w~ rays. Honeycombing. The development of inte. rior checks in wood in seasoning. Honeysuckle. A conventional floral design used for decorating furniture. Hooded-top. Shaped top of a piece of furniture, usually of curved lines. Hoof-foot. A hoop-shaped termination of a leg. Hook. The angle between the face of a tooth and a line drawn from the extreme point of the tooth perpendicular to the back of a ban.cl saw, or to the centre of a circular saw. AUGUST, 1950 Hook is stated in terms of inches. On a band saw it is measured between the two lines prolonged to its back. On a circular saw it is measured along the opposite side of the triangle. Hookaroon, pickaroon. A curved pike fitted to. handle, used in pulling ties or lumber into place. Hook tender. The foreman of a yarding crew; specially, one who directs the attaching of the cable to a turn of logs. Hoop back. A chair back in which the uprights and top rail are one curved piece; also a Windsor bow back with arms. Hop-knob Finial. An ornament, grotesque or pinnacle, fixe<I at the apex of a "hip" or "gable." In the latter instance it may variantly be termed a "gable knob," "finial." etc. Hoppus, Edward. Original author of Hoppus's Timber Measurer, was from 1729 to 1739 surveyor to the London Assurance, now of King William Street, London, E. C. A. The oldest copy of Hoppus's Measurer that we know is that of the year 1738. Very many editions have been published since that time and "Hoppus" now seems to be wanted more than ever. Hoppus' measure. A method of measuring the cubical contents of logs and other round timber. In the<>ry . it reduces a round log to its square equivalent. Horizontal band saw. A machine in which the band wheels are placed so that the saw travels in a horizontal plane when cutting. Horizontal frames. These have usually only one saw, although occasionally two are used each on separate slide. The saws work horizontally, and the log is carried past the saw by means of a log carriage to which it is fixed. A rack under the table actuated by a pinion provides the feed motion. ;Horizontal roller feed saw benches, Saw benches having horizontal rollers driven by Page 45 power, for feeding the material past the Humidity. Damp, moist. saw. Horse dam. A temporary dam made by placing large logs across a stream, in order to raise the water behind it, so as to float the rear. Horse-hair. A material woven from the coarse hair of horses, used for upholstering. Horse logs, to. In river driving, to drag stranded logs back to the stream by the use of peaveys. Horseshoe table. An English table .,f the Eighteenth century, in the shape of a horseshoe. Hospital furniture. · Fw:niture equipped for hospital use, of a sanitary construction. especially plam and Hot-blast kiln. A drying arrangement in which the air is blown through heating colls into the drying r"om. Hour .control. A classification of area according to the number of hours of time required for travel to fires from points at which employees and cooperators are stationed. Housing. A trench in a piece of wood made for the insertion and securing of a second piece. The term is largely applied in staircase work, especially to the "wall-boards'' or "wall-strings,'' ··"house.d" for reception of the different members of the wooden steps. Hovel. A stable for logging teams. Hub. The central part of wave of a wheel, from which the spokes radiate. Also a block of wood which is used to lay to the wheel of a carriage to stop its motion. Huche. A French word meaning a simple chest or hutch. Huchier. Originally a maker of huches. After· the Sixteenth century, a joiner or fur. niture maker. Humidity, absolute. Amount of water in suspension in the air, expressed in grains per cubic foot of air. Humidity, relative. The percentage of of moisture in the air with reference to its capacity to hold moisture at the given temperature, its humidity is 100 per cent. Humidor. A smoker's cabinet containing a metal receptacle for keeping cigars, etc., in moisture. Humus. Decomposed organic matter in and on the surface of the soil. Hundred, long and ordinary. The old English or Teutonic hundred is the duodecimal system of computing by "twelves,'' as against the ordinary decimal one of "tens," hence a long hundred has ten dozen = 120, against the ordinary· ten times ten = 100. Extended to a thousand (or mille) this gives to the former 1,200 pieces-as in the stave an:d slate. trades-and to the ordinary hundred 1,000 pieces. Hung up. 1. Floated logs "r other wood prevented from reaching their destination by want of sufficient water or other causes. 2. A slang term, used also for any job that is unavoidably delayed. Hunting-chair. A Sheraton chair with square back and wings, also a slide in front for the tired hunter to rest upon. Hurdle. A temporary agricultural fence of wood. Husk. The frame supporting the arbor and other parts of a circular saw. Husk ornament. A conventional design based upon the catkin flower, usually in the form of festoons. Hutch. A chest; also a Gothic cupboard; Hulk. An old ship unfit for service. A great Hutch cabinet. A cabinet in the form of a broad ship t:hiefly in use for setting masts into ships and the like. Page 46 chest, with doors in front, supported on a framework resembling a stand or table. FORESTRY LEAVES Hygroscopicity. The pr .:>perty of readily imbibing moisture from the atmosphere. Hypsometer. An instrument for taking heights of trees. I Ice a road, to. To sprinkle water on a logging road so that a coating of ice may form, thus facilitating the hauling. of logs. Imperfect manufacture. Includes all defects or blemishes which are produced in manufacturing, such as chipped grain, l.:>osened grain, raised grain, torn grain, skips in dressing, hit and miss, variation in sawing, miscut lumber, machine burn, machine gouge, mismatching, and insufficient tongue or groove. Impost. 1. The horizontal mouldings or capitals on the top of a pilaster, pillar, or pier, from which an arch springs. 2. Tax, charge, or duty. Improvement thinnings. Usually the first thinni~g made when a forest is put under management, to prepare it for the application of a regular system. Incarnadine. Shades of color from red to flesh. Incipient decay. The early stage of decay in which the disintegration has not proceeded far enough to soften or otherwise impair the hardness of the wood perceptibly. Incised ornament. Carved or engraved work cut deeply into the surface. Incising. An operation on . railway ties and other timbers preparatory to preservative treatment. Small lengitudinal incisi.:>ns are made on the sides and edges to facilitate more uniform penetration of the preservative. Included aperture. An inner aperture whose outline, in surface view, is included within the outline of the border. Included phloem. Phloem strands or layers included in the secondary xylem of certain AUGUST, 1950 dic.:>tyledonous woods. (To replace Interxylary phloem.) Included sapwood. Masses o.r concentric zones included in the heartwood, which retain appearance and technical properties of sapwood. Incorruptible wood. The cedar-wood of scripture, the pillars of Solomon's Temple, etc., which has won its name for durability from being the material chosen for coffins by the ancient Egyptians. It is an evergreen cone-bearing tree, a fir. The Pinus cedrus of the b.:>tanist, alias Cedrus Libani. Increment. The volume or value of wood produced during a given period by the growth of a tree or of a stand. Three kUids of increment are distinguished: volume increment is the increase in volume of a tree or stand; quality increment is the increase in value per unit of volume; price increment is the increase resulting from an increase in the price of forest products independent of quality increment .. Increment borer. A hollow auger which extracts from a tree a section showing the annual rings, thus enabling the user to ascertain the age of standing timber. Increment boring. A cylindrical core extracted from a tree by means of a hollow auger for the purpose of determining age or growth rate of the tree by observing the annual rings of growth. Incrust. To lay a hard surface of ornamental material over a main surface, a sort of veneering process. In.definite. Applied to petals or other organs when too numerous to be conveniently counted. (To be Continued) Paa:e 47 THE PROBLEM OF THE SECOND CUT IN TIMBER CONCESSIONS Recent observations seem to indicate that unless timely action is taken there may be no second growth commercial timber in concessions of the present lumber companies after the virgin, accessible timber therein has been cut. If this condition should develop, companies now in operation will have to close, because it will be unprofitable for them to continue operations on non-commercial stands. A company can not afford to wait, doing nothing, for say, 10 to 20 :r.pfu-s, while a second growth stand becomes mature, provided that it will mature eventually and become commercially exploitable. The factors tending to point to this outcome area: (1) extensive logged-off areas are opened to agriculture, either roving or permanent; (2) an inadequate and uneven stocking of the remaining logged-over areas, and (3) lack of protection for the young stand which may develop. The problem is of far-reaching economic and social importance when one members that the lumber industry in specific areas, is the major industry on which other industries are dependent. These industries support thriving communities. Hence, when the lumber companies close, the economy of the region will be disrupted, or strangulated. To avert such a possibility calls for a prompt and energetic action along the following measures: (1) Adoption of changes in determining the allowable cut as suggested by Forester Lalog at the Foresters' Conference in connection with the Golden Jubilee and Silver Anniversary of the Bureau of :forestry and the College of Fores' try, respectively; (2) adoption of reasonab~e regulations covering the processes .Qf timber extraction, especially where power logging is employed, s~ as to secure as much as possible a successful and even stocking of the logged-areas; (3) supplementation of natural regeneration by artificial planting where needed. We need not wait for complete growth data and results of further in~ vestigation before starting a systematic management of the concessions; moreover, if we (Continued on page 38) 1-:=============================-=-=-==·-=-=-=--==-====================================j, Page- 48 The Staff of the FORESTRY LEAVES Organ of the Student Body and Alumni of the College of Forestry, U.P. Associate Editors MARTIN REYES CONSTANCIO REYES FAUSTINO FRANCIA BENJAMIN ALMONTI! JULIAN MEIMBAN JR. Contributing Editors NICOLAS P. LANSIGAN JUAN DAPROZA FELIX 0. CHINTE BENJAMIN BLANDO Advertising Manager College, Laguna, Philippines · 1950-Sl EDGARDO MABESA Managing Editor AMANDO DIASANTA Art Editor CoRNl!LIO LucsoN Business Manager ALFONSO TIAM Asst. Bus. lt(anager PROF. JOSE B. BLANDO Adviser Board of Management EULOGIO T AGUDAR VIRGILIO FABIAN BERNARDO AGALOOS CIRILO SERNA URBANO GUERRERO Circulation Dept. FRANCIS MABANAG CELSO VERSOZA JOSE MENIADO TEIJJH.O SANTOS .4d'l•. Assistant FORESTRY LEAVES