Forestry Leaves

Media

Part of Forestry Leaves

Title: Forestry Leaves
Issue Date: Volume V (Issue No. 3) April 1952
Identifier: Graduation Issue
Year: 1952
Language: English
Rights
extracted text: MESSAGES FOREST - AN IMPORTANT SEGMENT IN THE PHILIPPINE ECONOMY -R. R. Renne ARBOR DAY IN ITALY -F. Tamesis AN EXAMPLE OF COOPERATIVE SUSTAINED YIELD UNIT MOVING UP THE RANGERS -T. S. Serevo -H. Cumer . -V. A . Tan LAND CLASSIFICATION -D. Sori.ano . HOW TO PREPARE COMl'OST FOR NURSERY USE -T. Delizo THE ROLE OF THE BUREAU IN THE FOOD PRODUCTION CAMPAIGN -A. L. Cenabre SAVE THE EDIBLE FRUITBEARING TREE IN THE FOREST -}. Daproza . PROGRESS REPORT ON LUMBERING IN LANAO PROVINCE -F. Abijay . CINCHONA GROWS. TOO, IN MT. MAKILING -M. R. Reyes . REFORESTATION IN BOHOL -F. Maoeren VOL. V, No. 3 PHluPPINE MEMORIAL TREE IN RoME P LANTED BY DANR UNDER-SECRETARY CAMUS (NOVEMBER 21, 1951) . GRADUATION ISSUE APRIL, 1952 makiling C!f>rcbibs ONE'S OWN SUCCESS NOT must a young man compare himself with others OT measure his success by their•. It makes no difference how other men succeed. Their success is theirs; not yoors. It matters nothing to me that Edison can invent the electric light and I can't; that Kippling can write a ''Recessional" and I can't; that you ican plead the law and I can't. You can do one thing; I try to do another. But success is for both of us just so far u we do well what we can do. Every man is himself, and it is in propOTtion as he gets out of himself the power there is within him that he succeeds-sw.:ceeds in doing the thing he is .best fitted to do. -Edwara William Bok lbpuflUc a! 11Je •fJilippfne• Jlepacmmt of a1dcalhm •llll .flataral lldelmal emce of ttlt 6tcrdarp .-.nuia It is m~ greatest pleasure to convey to the members of the 1952 Forestry and Ranger graduating classes of the University of the Philippines, this message through the Graduation Issue of the •Forestry Leaves.• Our national forest is one of the most valuable natural resources of our country whose development and utilization will no doubt contribute immensely to our nation's economy. At this stage of your forestry education and training, you should not fail to realize the great task and duties that lie ahead of you --- to keep this national patrimony an unfailing source of our people's prosper! ty and happiness. As you join, ther ef'or e, the limited and small army of trained and more experienced forest conservator~, it is your main concern to safeguard the fundamental principles underlying the proper development, use and preservation of' these natural resources for the welf'ar.e of our country and people. To the members of the 1952 graduating classes, I wish to ·extend my sincere congratulations and best wishes for the successf'ul fulfillment of' their endeavors. ~;I;O -LOP~~ Vice-President and concurrently Secretary of' Agriculture & Natural Resources Mar ch 7, 1952 Manila, Philippines MESSAGE The present situation of our beloved country is a challenge to the patriotism, the enthusiasm, and the selflessness of our youth. The Republic must achieve ec<>nomic stability and social M!curity if it is to survive. But these grand objectives can be secured only through a sustained general effort. Our vast natural resources must be developed and essential industries must be established and expanded. For this purpose, our country needs willing hands and technically trained intellects, real experts who will know how to harness the energies of nature and its wealth, like the forests which God has so bountifully endowed to our country. I believe therefore that the members of the graduating class of the College of Forestry, University of the Philippines deserve the sincere congratulatiom of each and every one of us for turning from the overcrowded academic professions to newer fields so essential for the economic development of the Republic. Here, I trust, they will find their one personal security and welfare, even while they promote the general progress and the enduring safety of our beloved country. /~~~ .. -~ES ----·-President of-the Senate H. R. No. 3 BEPlJBLIC OF TBE PBILIPPIHES H9USE OF REPRF.SENTATIVES MANILA On!CE OF TBE 6Pum NESSA GE The exploitation of our forest resources is one of the most :t.m_portant aspects of our economic development program. Obviously, it becomes equally iMportant for us to train and prepare skilled men and women who can furnish the technical "know..;;how" in the efficient and econorr:ical attainment of this objective. The College of Fores.try of the University of the Philj.ppines, I am happy to note, has been doing creditable work towards furnishing us these technicians whose services our country needs so urgently. It is my hope that it will continue training our young ~en in this specialized line of work and that more of our youth vrill give serious consideration to this profession as a life career. UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES QUEZON CITY A MESSAGE To the Graduates of the College of Forestry: I wish to extend to each one of you my heartiest congratulations on the completion.of your studies· in the University. As you leave this institution, I know that 'you are thoroughly imbued with the spirit of ·service that this statesupported University attempts to inculcate in the students during their stay with us. By the very nature of your career, you are in a better position than graduates of other colleges to make at once that ideal of service a practical reality. The Philippines is rich in its natural resources, among them, in forest products • As guardians of the nation's forests, yo~ have the task of seeing that these products are made to contribute great~y to the economic life of the country. This wealth, if not properly used, will in the long run not only dwindle but their misuse will affect the general economic wellbeing of the country. Yours is the duty to see that our forests are not abused but well taken care 9f and conserved to make them always available and at the same time protect our agricultural areas. If you do your work well, you will render incalculable service to our people and you will be deserving of their everlasting'-' gratitude. Make your Alma ~1ater proud of you by keeping faith with this trust reposed on you. And as you leave the University, I wish you Godspeed and good luck! ~~ President March 5, 1952 e/HESSAGE Providence bestowed our country with bountiful resources found anywhere and werywhere in the vast span of our territory, making us potentially one of the richest countries in the world. As a tropical country, we are blessed with perennial plenty, possessing within our boundaries every conceivable raw materials which we may need for a well rounded industrialization. While we cannot pretend to be a self-sufficient and sustaining economic unit-no nation is and will ever be in the natural scheme of things, no matter how advanced it may be materially-we are more favorably situated than many of the leading industrial nations of today, which must draw for their raw materials from foreign aources of supply. One such Philippine riches is our forest resources. It is the greatest among our :natural resources potentially now, and eventually later, when fully utilized. The total t.nd area in the Philippines is 29,740,972 hectares. Of this area of actual soil cover, ORiy 11,637,988 hectares is open land and cultivated land. The remaining is forest, 13,198,406 hectares commercial forest, 4,297,786 non-commercial forest, and 606,812 swamps (fresh marsh and mangrove). Our timber stand is estimated to be 464 billion board feet. The eloquence of these statistical data, obtained from the 1946 Yearbook of Philippine Statistics, reveals the importance of our forests in the national economy. The figures may be modified at present with the possible increase of cultivated land area, alienated to asriculture, but undisputably forestry looms high and will continue in this commanding position for many years to come, and if the lumber industry forges ahead unabated in its progress, given the necessary incentive and encouragement, it will be kept there in its eventual conbibution to our national income. Our lumber and timber export is not listed among the ten principal exports of the .Hbilippines, which in 1950 were copra, abaca, desiccated coconut, sugar, coconut oil, E1Dbroideries, pineaple (canned), copra cake, chromite, and rope. Although we are making progress in our export shipments of lumber and logs, exporting in 1950, 69,206,123 board feet, against 58,608,996 board feet in 1940, the lumber industry is still far from what could be expected in view of its potentiality. For this reason we are exerting every effort to develop and make our domestic market more dependable and stable. The Philippine Lumber Association is also focusing its preferential attention on how to increase foreign demand for the products of the lumber industry. Before the war we were enjoying a very lucrative lumber market in the United States. During the war ud on account of the ban decreed against the exportation of lumber shortly after liberation, our lumber was dislodged by competitive lumber from other sources of supply. We found it extremely hard to regain our lost foreign markets. But our association is sparing no effort to regain our position in the United States Market. Much headway has already been accomplished and we feel confident that our lumber will ultimately dominate the rich American Market. A new industry, the plywood industry definitely established, is a new user of our timber in our own domestic market. We have already started to export plywood and GRADUATION ISSUE-April, 1952 Pap 5 there is every reason to believe that it can be developed into one of our principal export products. The export of forestry products to the United States, whether it be in the form of lumber, logs or plywood, is clothed with special importance and significance in this country. One of our serious problems is the conservation of our dollar reserve in order to maintain the international stability of our currency. The exportation to America of our forestry products precisely will help most effectively in the solution of that problem. I am extremely elated to address a message to the 1952 graduates of the College. of Forestry, University of the Philippines, with the opportunity the invitation of the Editor~in-Chief, Mr. Martin R. Reyes, of the "Forestry Leaves'', has afforded me. The choice of your profession is wise. The training and experience you have acquired during your years in this College enable you to perform a very important task of nation building. You have been taught all there is to learn on foresting, how to avoid and fight wasteful kaiiigins, how to cut timber but preserve it for generations to come. Indeed you have chosen a career as important as any that can be imagined. However, it might not be as lucrative as few others and the path you have to tread might even be thorny. But you will have the grand satisfaction of rendering signal service to your country. You are confronted with a challenge. We are politically independent. After trod.ding long and hard towards our ultimate goal, liberty, we enjoy full and complete sovereignty under a Constitution of our own making. We need it, to shape, untrammeled, our national destiny. Political freedom is not, however, enough. We must have economic independence as well. With both we can chart the course for the ship of state in a manner to best suit our national interests, and we can build a solid, stable and impervious foundation for our hard earned freedom. Those of us who have been in business for quite a while, have a wholesome realization of this dual need for our survival as a nation. You will be, in due time, possessed and overwhelmed by this urge. As you leave the portals of your College, make a vow and hold to it as long as you live. Give enthusiastically your service to the cause of forestry in the magnitude you have been imbued during your studies. Do not accept employment in other lines foreign to your te£hnical knowledge. Seek the cooperation of your fellow-graduates and pool resources together in organizing business forestry units, so that with your technical .know•how jointly with business training and experience of other Filipinos, you may contribute to the full development of the lumber industry and thus be a positive factor in building up in this country a stable and solid economy which will give our people the prosperity and happiness for which they perennially strive. J:>age 6 (Sgd.) A. DE LAS ALAS President Philippine Lumber Producers' Assn'. FORESTRY LEAVES FOREST-An Important Segment in the Philippine Economy By Dr. ROLAND R. RENNE Chief of the United States Special Technical and Economic Mission to the Philippines :. Today, fo;rests are a vanishing source of orably situated .as the Philippines in t~ wealth. in many parts of the world. Be- her supply. sides· the economic losses in shortages of In the United States, we ar,e fully. aware w.ood supply and far~reaching ill-effects from of the _great i,nroads. that recent·. ~tional an;<.eroded ·soil cover, replace:.-:aertt of forests e.mergencies-two World Wars-hi:tve made. by artificial planting requires many years on. our forest ~apital. The drain on .. our. of. time and large· expenditures of· money. forests as fires, insects, lumber produc~()n, We are most fortunate here in the Phil- wood for indust~ial and farm uses, continues ippinesto have our forest cover still largely to ·.reach an. increas4ig large volUJile~ .· Mo.re· intact. And this is due to· under Use rather and more, in future year~, will t~r utU.. than over use of thes·e valuable resources. ization in the , U¢ted States be dependent It :is recognized that throughout Southeast on small-sized . timber grown on a short ro-. Asia there is no country possessing a greater tation peripd and . originating from natural ~d more diversified forest wealth than is and artificial restocking of cut-over fo~es~ represented by the forest stands indigenous lands. That great ~d ~~eming endless reto the Philippines. . The total volume of servoir of old or original growth timber in <;oinmercia1' .. timber in the Phllippines has the United States which was such an obstalieen estimated at . 440 billion board feet cle to land clearing operations by the ~arly and these native forests are made up of settlers two hundred years ago, has now hundreds of tree species valuable ·for ·a diminished .to ·comparatively small geogr~ \tide.:variety of Q.Ses. What an opportunity phical p;itches throughout the country and far.. maintafuing the sustained growth of by another, generation or two will have bethee foresii:s wheri we consider that under come in ~ge part only a ~emory. We ·~e go:od forest management practices it has been seeing the last of th.ese majestic oaks, yellow calculated that upwards of 14 billion board poplars, pin,es ~4 firs that could produce feet of timber can be- . cut annually for an the wide~ clear and select grades of Jumindefinite period without over,.cuttmg this her upon which. so :Qluch of our prosperous growing stoCk. Today, our forest drain in lumber trade for many years has be~n based. the: 'Philippines, representing principally You still possess .in the Philippin~s· a subtimber cut for domestic use and for export, stantial proportion of this claS~ of t~ber: is approximately a billion· and quarter board Development of the forest resources . of feet per year or only 9 per cent of the the Philippines is an important part of the amount that can properly be removed each ECA. We do not wish to see repeat~ here. year and still' 'maintain these forests under a certain· lack of planning that we exper-· high standards of management and produc- ienced in the United States in those earlier tion. Few nations in the world are so fav- days when forest exploitation was to "cut GRADUATION l$SUE--April, 1952 Pap-. ,7 out and get out." Rather, we want to encourage a strong public opinion appreciative of the forest wealth of this country and supported by a progressive program of "good forest housekeeping'' that will contribute so much through the years · to prosperity of the people. It is felt that a forest products laboratory equipped with modern timber testing and research facilities for determining the working character of these native woods will go a long way toward placing these woods in a more favorable marketing position. Inquiries are coming in constantly from local and foreign sources as to the adaptability of our Philippine woods for particular fields of use. Such research as can be provided by this laboratory will stimulate new industries, large and small, and make for positive benefits through wider employment opportunity and larger financial earnings by such industries and the trade they generate. Tlitis forest products research program applies with equal force to secondary forest products, bamboo, rattan, natural gums, waxes, tannins, etc., all of which represent a high financial potential through research in stimulating business and trade. The overall program in building plans and equipment schedules for the laboratory are now well in hand and it is hoped by another year this institution will be 'on a functioning basis. In the field of forest management, the MSA envisions an opportunity to work in close cooperation with the Bureau of Forestry on timber management programs for con-:ession and other cut-over areas where the restocking of such lands with tree species of high recognized value is needed. Inspite of the abundance of our forest resources it is recognized that Nature should be given a helping hand through expansion of forest nurseries and reforestation so that selected varieties of trees not reproducing themselves naturally and abundantly can be established through planting on permanent forest lands to be administered by the Bureau. This could include large industrial plantations of Papi our native Benguet Pine (Pinus insularis) on now non-productive forest lands to provide a softwood timber supply for wood pulp and paper manufacturing, as well as lumber products. Consideration is to be given by MSA to the establishment of forest experiment stations in several parts of the nation in order that more accurate knowledge may be obtained on the growth, reproduction and silvical characteristics of our Philippine trees. Such studies require much time to make but are essential if forest management and production .is placed on a firm foundation. A stock taking or inventory of the Philippine forest cover should also be made to determine the amount of standing stumpage by timber species, their geographical distribution throughout the country and their annual growth increment. Behind any well-conceived forest management program for the forests of the Philippines stands the need of fire protection. In the mountain areas of Luzon and in Mindanao, fires during the dry season do much. damage to forest plantations because of lack of proper facilities for prompt detection and means of suppression. This situation should be remedied through the procurement of suitable fire fighting tools and; motorized equipment, also a training pro-l gram for fire fighting crews. The College of Forestry at Los Baiios. has had an enviable record in the prepara-· tion and training of professional forestersi since its founding some forty years ago. American foresters have long had close asso-: ciation with this institution. Rehabilitation of the buildings at the College of Forestry so seriously damaged in the last days oJ the war is now an active project in the MSA program. Building plans have already been prepared and approved for the reconstruction of the main college building; a new administration building, a new dormitol')l, a seed house, three new faCulty houses and a guest house. Construction of these buil~ (Continued on page 31) FOBESTRY LEAVES Arbor Day in Italy By FLORENCIO TAMESIS Director of Forestry One impressive ceremony I attended while in Rome was the celebration of the Italian tree festival on November 21, 1951. It was a national holiday with the celebration sponsored by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forest of Italy, Hon. Amintore Fanfani The day is known as FESTA DEGLI ALBER!. The following excerpts from the published announcement of the festival give the background of the celebration. "This manifestation, instituted in the faro££ 1899, by the then Minister of Public Instruction Guido Baccelli, has the scope of creating in the Italian people-more particularly in the younger generation-'a forestal mentality' through the new constitution of the economical and social importance of the trees. ''The well-known political events and the two world wars later on caused this congenital manifestation to be interrupted and more especially so, during the last ten years. During the Spring of 1948, this initiative as in part resumed in the "rafforrestation y ds'. This y1ar (1951)-in all the ComI During the Tree Festival-Italian Schoolchildren ready to plant their trees. GRADUATION ISSUE-April, 1952 The children in action to the accompaniment of music. munes-the local authorities, the population and, in particular, the children of the high and elementary schools will play the principal part in the manifestation. Hundreds of thousands of nursery plants will be planted, and entrusted to the care of everyone." In this celebration, the President of the Republic of Italy was the main speaker in the program. As a customary feature of the program, a high dignitary of the Vatican City opens the program with benediction and the delegates of all nations present in Italy were the special guests among the thousands who attended the celebration. There were some 65 foreign nations' representatives who were asked to plant trees in the designated -u-ea where the program was held. Our Undersecretary of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Jose S. Camus, whose picture appears in. one of the herein illustrations, was among those included in the special guests, being the head of the (Continued on page 18) Page 9 MAP Shelton Cooperative Sustained Yield Unit. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service R4W. tl]W. Boundary between private a.nd nation.al forests - - - Page 10 FORESTRY LEAVES An Example of Cooperative Sustained Yield Unit By Forester Tmuac10 S. SEVERO In conjunction with my Forest Fire Fighting Study Tour in the United States, I had the occasion, after its termination on October 12, 1951, to observe briefly and gather notes on a certain type of management under a working plan of a forest area in the Olympic Peninsula, State of Washington. The forest under management is known as the Shelton Cooperative Sustained Yield Unit, cooperative in the sense that a part of the forest comprised therein is owned by the Simpson Logging Company while another part is owned by the nation. Here is a demonstration of how government and private industry can work together under a common plan of management to achieve their own interests. The establishment of the cooperative sustained yield unit is authorized under Public Law 273, passed by the 78th Congress of the United States and approved on March 29, 1944. The purpose of this law is "To promote sustained-yield forest lllailagement in order thereby (a) to stabilize communities, forest industries, employment, and taxable forest wealth; (b) to assure a continuous and ample supply of forest products; 1 and ( c) to secure the benefits of forests in regulation of water supply and stream flow, prevention of soil erosion, amelioration of climate, and preservation of wildlife." Records in the office of the Forest Supervisor at Olympia, Washington, show that the Simpson Logging Co. submitted its application in March, 1944, for benefits, rights and obligations under Public Law 273. It appears that the Unit has a total area of GJW>UA'rION lsSUB-April, 1952 270,266 acres, 111,466 acres (41.2%) being National Forest and 158,760 acres (58.8%) being Simpson Lands. The kinds of forest growth then obtaining in these lands are shown in a table. It is estimated that the U.S. lands had an available mature timber stand of about 47S billion board feet while that of the Simpson lands had one billion board feet. On September 18, 1946, a public hearing was held at Shelton, Washington, in order to give a chance to any person interested in voicing his objection or approval to the proposed establishment of the Unit. Copies of the proposed Agreement between the Simpson Logging Company and the U.S. Government were made available to the public. In broad terms, the Agreement provides for the sale of the available National Forest timber within the Unit to the Simpson Logging Company at its appraised value without com.petition; it establishes a method of determining the rate at .which cutting will be done; ·it sets the general specifications for the management of the cooperating properties; it protects the public interest in the use of the National Forest for recreation or other public purposes; it provides for the manufacture of not less than 80 per cent of the timber yield of the Unit in Shelton and McCleary; and when executed and recorded will constitute an encumbrance upon the Company lands involved for a period of 100 years. The Agreement envisages an annual cut of 100 million board feet from the effectivity of the Agreement up to the end of 1956, after which the estimated allowable sustained Pap 11 yield cut will be about 90 million board feet annually. The following commonly recognized methods of cutting, or variations and combinations thereof are employed; (1) partial cuttings, and (2) clear cutting by blocks or staggered settings. These methods of cutting are designed to fit the physical conditions of the forest, to effect suitable silvicultural treatment of the stands, to accomplish the most practical possible utilization of the forest resource, to assure the early and complete re-establishment of a stand of desirable forest trees on areas cut over, and to bring about conditions favorable to their optimum growth. The location and distribution of these staggered settings are shown in a road and setting maps of (1) Grisdale Area (Wynochee River Drainage), (2) Canyon River Area, and (3) Vance and Rock Creeks Area. No setting exceeds 60 acres in area and endeavor has been made to limit each setting to not more than 40 acres, depending of course upon the physical condition of the area. It was gathered that the U.S. Forest Service requires partial cutting along big rivers and in such areas which are not set aside for recreational purposes. The Agreement also provides that prior to the beginning of the cutting, a cutting plan shall be prepared by the U.S. Forest Service (Regional Forester) and the Company which will cover the operations planned for the ensuing three-year period or for such other period as may be mutually agreed upon. This plan is termed the "Unit Management Plan." After four full years of operation, the Simpson Logging Co~pany prepared a report which attempts to show what is being done to carry out the intent of the agreement, the basic concept of which is to jointly manage the cooperating lands so that the maximum productivity can be sustained from these lands as a unit, to stabilize the communities dependent upon the timber thereon for their life. Page 12 The report brought out the fact that the volume of t'ld growth timber, especially that of private ownership, is decreasing each year and it is becoming apparent that time is an important factor in setting up a practical forest management plan that would provide a sufficient supply of raw materials necessary to keep the plants running at capacity required to maintain the payrolls for these plants. Similarly, the public timber in the watersheds back of the privately-owned lands, if handled as a unit on a sustained yield basis, would permit a cut far short of the requirements of these plants. The obvious answer was the pooling of all the land and timber of the Simpson Logging Company, both mature and immature, with certain lands and timber of the United States, which will be jointly managed by both parties. After much study and gathering of data, the Shelton Cooperative Sustained Yield Unit was estab1ished. Applicability in the Philippines 1. The scheme of pooling together private and government owned forest lands is not applicable in the Philippines as there are no extensive privately-owned forest lands in this country. 2. Although the Bureau of Forestry has control and jurisdiction over public lands, still there would seem to be no conflict with the basic Forest Law if certain parcels of forest lands be set aside, either by special legislation oi- executive proclamation, to promote sustained yield forest management in order to attain definite objectives, such as the stabilization of communities, forest industries and employment, regulation of water supply and stream flow, etc. Public Law 273 of the UnitP.d States and the Shelton Cooperative Sustained Yield Unit agreement may be availed of in drafting of the proposed legislation or executive proclamation. 3. The method of clear cutting by blocks or staggered settings may not be applicable in our dipterocarp forests due to the peculiar habits and characteristics of our dipFORESTRY LEAVES terocarp species. Disturbance in the forest resulting from considerable opening and admission of direct sunlight as a result of logging is almost invariably followed by the invasion of second growth species which retard, if not entirely inhibit, the return of the dipterocarps within a reasonable length of time to permit a second and successive cuts based on sustained production. It seems apparent that light selection cutting is the system, through judicious marking, that may promote sustained production, first in the form of forest sanitation by cutting down trees of great risk. The idea is to preserve as much as possible conditions in the forest approaching that of the virgin state. A planting plan should, however, be provided for such areas needing artificial regeneration. 4. In my conversation with timber management personnel of the U.S. Forest Service in Missoula, Montana, Portland, Oregon and San Francisco, California, we discussed the immediate possibility of formulating timber management plan for our dipterocarp forest. They seem to agree that it can easily be done provided that we are in possession of good basic data, especially on forest cover. They are also agreed that aerial photographs which is in common use in the United States will greatly help in doing away with tedious field work, although these photographs need to be checked and sampled right on the ground to secure the needed data for the preparation of such a timber management plan. Everyone is born with, or soon acquires, the quaiities of love and hate, courage and fear, generosity and acquisitiveness, kindness and cruelty. All of these have their proper places in human equipment. We should hate poverty and disease; a child must fear some dangers in order to survive; the man with no acquisitive instinct cannot earn his living; the surgeon must often be cruel in order to cure. But when hate, fear, and cruelty are directed at other people, when acquisitiveness becomes greed, these qualities are out of place, and if people cannot control them they invariably unleash destructive tendencies. The creative qualities are love, courage, generosity and kindness. -John F. Wharton in "Earning a Living." CIPRIANO LUNA LUMBER ENTERPRISE Exporter of Philippine Mahogany Logs Cable Address: "CLUNA"-Butuan City "CLUNA"-Manila GRADUATION ISSUE--April, 1952 Page 13 Moving Up By HAROLD CuzNER Forester-in-Charge, College of Forestry This is our 17th observation of MovingUp-Day. Why do we observe Moving-UpDay? Is it to commemorate an accomplishment like the 4th of July or is there some ulterior motive? To me it seems that the observation of this day serves to bring to our attention the fact that those who are making progress in this world are always moving upwards and by a sort of converse to call our attention to the fact that those who are not moving up are moving down. Things do not for lon2 remain at a level. This is particularly true when no direct effort is being made to rise. Gravitation always act downward and with an accelerating force whether in the physical or moral sense and must be balanced by some upward acting force. A graduate from a school or college because of his training and knowledge has attained a 2ood position from which he may enter into competition with others for success. He will, howe.ver, maintain this position of advantage only if he continues to exert efforts to improve himself by keeping informed on the advances being made not only along his partcular line but also allied lines. Success is not free. Nothing is free. Everything of value has to be earned. Even the beggar does not obtain something for nothing. True, as far as the world is concerned he is unproductive but none theless he has to exert effort to attain his ends. We who are not beggars but who hope to improve conditions for living and for production through teaching and practising the Page 14 principles of conservation and utilization must be continually on the alert, so that we can take advantage of all advancement in knowledge or practice so that we may bring about conservation of natural resources through wise use. You as students must learn to conserve by wise use your own natural resources; your health; your intelligence; your ability to obse;rve to classify observations and to draw logical conclusions. The higher you go the greater will be your responsibilities, to yourselves, your families, your associates and your country. I was reading an advertisement of the Good Housekeeping magazine which, as every one knows, tests samples of merchandise sent them and if they approve of the product and find that it comes up their standard, authorize the producer to use their stamp of approval for commercial purposes. The advertisement as I read it made the remark: "This stamp of approval is not given away, nor it is sold. It has to be earned." In graduating students an institution of learning is seting its stamp of approval on the accomplishments of its products. If the institution is worthy it gives the stamp of approval only to those who have earned it, who have proven themselves worthy and well qualified. It is the duty of the graduate to see to it that the value of this stamp of approval does not deteriorate through his allowing the product to deteriorate. In fact, if he wants to move up in the social, scientific or business world he must not only jealously guard the quality of the product but must industriously seek to improve it. FORESTRY• LEAVES THE RANGERS* By Dr. VmAL A. TAN President, University of the PhilipPines . I wish. to congratulate the graduates this morning not .only for finishing the course of study that they have chosen but also for having chosen a profession which offers one of the widest latitudes for public service. To. be a ranger is not a glamorolis job. It does not give one much public recognition and applause; It will not make him rich. But· notwithstanding. all these, it is .one of the most important because the work of a forest ranger involves the conservation and wise utilization of one of our richest national possession..-our forests. . Our forests are among:the richest in the world and their careful use will benefit the people for ·generations .and· generations. On the· honest and wise attehtion given by our forest_. rangers. will depend the preservation of 'this _national wealth to be ·enjoyed by • our . people. On the other· hand, careless .and dishonest performance of their duties will _not only : destroy a nation's patrimony ·but will even endanger our agricultural lands and eventually our very existence. I do not believe one can ever overemphasize the importance of forest conserva-· tiOn and. wise utilization, and it would be an understatement : to say that our forest represents· one Qf .our. greatest assets. But to ·be able to render full service to the country,· our forest rangers must keep up· the traditional·honesty and integrity for which graduates of- this College are known all over the Philippines. They. must never let up on their vigilance and never hesitate to perform their . duties according to the · highest traditions ·of the institution from . . .. . . .. * Address at the Moving-Up Day Ceremonies, Col.' lege of Forestry, March 29, 1952~ · GaADUATlON '~April, 1952 which they graduate and the Bureau in which they work. I grant that at times the going may be tough and the remuneration meager, but we should not feel unhappy because we are poor, for there are many blessings that go with poverty, which the rich will have a most difficult time in enjoying. I like the graduates to know that being poor has many advantages. As long as one earns enough to be able to live simply arid modestly and to send his children to school, there is really very little need for money. Rich .living in many cases deteriorates character, makes the body soft and more susceptible to certain ailments, and exposes the individual to dangers arising from jealotisies. . Riches have also a way of blinding people, of making them more greedy, more desirous of having more and more, unmindful of their neighbors' plight. Rich people are more in danger of missing the higher and more lastirig values of life, of forgetting their idealism and of1osing even their souls. The ranger's life is not meant to be easy nor to be rich in material things, but with a proper·· attitude· 'it could ·be made infinitely richer-richer in the higher things of life and richer in service to our fellowmen. ... A national forest policy, like any national economic policy governing the natural wealth of a country, must aim ·at a rational exploitation of ·the forest resources on the principles of the greatest good to the greatest possible number. of the people. -T. Francois . •· . . Wihats~v~r thy_ hand. findeth to do,' do it with thy_ might; for there is no work, nor device, nor knowledge, nor wiSc:lorii, iii tlie grave, whither thou goes~. . -. . -Bible Page 15 Land Classification By DoRoTEO SoRIANo Chief, Di1'ision of Forest Engineering The people of the Philippines, in response to the policy of the Government to raise the standard of the country to a higher plane of self-sufficiency, have gone about acquiring tracts of agricultural public lands which they can call their own. While this response on the part of the people is indicative of the salutary resurgence of landconsciousness, it is, however, to be admitted that it has resulted in the indiscriminate clearing and occupation in advance of several large forest · tracts which are more valuable to be kept for forest purposes. This is especially true in congested regions. And it is feared that the predominance of this country in agriculture tends to bring about the constant pressure on the part of the people to clear lands which are still covered with valuable forests. It is likely they will even go to congested regions to do away with forests in favor of just a few insignificant agricultural crops. The proper disposal of the soil fM farm use, pasturage or timber production has, therefore, become now one of the primary concerns of the Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources of which the Bureau of Forestry is a component part. The Bureau of Forestry, by law, has supervision over the demarcation, protection, occupancy and use of all public forests and forest reserves of whatever character and over the granting of licenses for the taking of forest products therefrom. The authority of demarcating what portion of the public domain should ultimately remain under forestry control carries with the execution of the enunciated sound forest policy that lands chiefly valuable for agri• Page 16 cultural purposes should be so segregated, classified and certified as not needed for forestry in order that they can be released for the landless. Only those parts of the forest which knowledge and experience indicate to be fitted for permanent agriculture will be segregated and certified as such. Therefore, if it turns out later that mistakes have been committed in making the decision, the cause should not be attributed either to ignorance or to what is commonly known as "honest mistakes". For such is an error in judgment, but not in principle. So then, if the process of land classification is properly carried out and the people will only occupy those regions which have been classified and certified for agricultural purposes, we will have more land than is needed by modem agriculture to supply our domestic and export requirements and sufficient land for forestry for the continuous use of the forest without impairment of future productivity. In a country like ours with regions of timber surplus as well as regions of timber shortage, problems are numerous. The~ are obstacles in the prosecution of the main objective which is the final segregation of the areas that are absolutely needed to be retained for forest protection and forest production. It is now of common knowledge that the forests protect soil from erosion; they conserve water and moderate extremes of run off; they have direct influence in maintaining high water level in the neighborhood or even many many miles away; they furnish food and shelter for game; they produce woods and numerous minor forest products for domestic and industrial use; FORESTRY LEAVES they furnish employment; they beautify the landscape and offer opportunities for healthful recreation, or in other words, their values are protective, economic, and social As no individual is devoid of concern for his own posterity, or devoid of desire to leave the world a better place for his posterity to live in, the author will try to explain the importance of the role of the forests in the building up and in the strengthening of our economic structure. Let us take as an example an area of 1,000 hectares of commercial forest having a very conservative estimate of 100 M/3 of timber per hectare. The total stand then of this area is 100,000 cubic meters represented by the very common commercial species found in the forest---as white lauan, apitong, red lauan, mayapis, tangile, palosapis, yakal and guijo. At· the present rate, the total fol'est charge due to the Government on this timber is approximately PlOO,-: 000.00. If stumpage appraisal is practiced here as in the United States, the Philippine Government would collect on this timber growing on 1,000 hectares about P500,000 instead of Pl00,000.00. · From this timber there may be produced approximately 4,750,000 board feet of fourth group lumber, 20,000,000 board feet of third group lumber, and 250,000 board feet of second and firs.t group lumber from which the lumberman will realize P5,000,000.00 and at the prevailing local prices of mill run lumber, a higher sum of P6,250,000.00 may be realized in the lumber trade. The commercial forest of the Philippines covers an area of about 11-1/2 million hectares valued at eight billion pesos. This huge sum is hypothetical. However, suffice it to say that this sum of P8,000,000,000.00 is an invested capital from which the government is deriving a yearly interest in the form of forest charges. Last fiscal year (1950-51) the amount of forest revenue w~ PS,873,060.00 and during the period of 19451951, the total forest collection was P22,386,244.00. GRADUATION ISSUB-April, 1952 Having these values in hand, it is evident that in order to prevent or minimize the wanton destruction of our forest resources, the Bureau of Forestry has to concentrate its efforts, within the limited means at its disposal, toward expediting the delimitation and segregation from the public forest, lands which can be classified and certified as agricultural, so that the Bureau of Lands may dispose of them to the landless and homeseekers under the Public Land law. The Bureau of Forestry has already classified and certified as alienable and disposable land 9,983,665 hectares. The ultimate goal is to classify as not needed for forest purposes about seven million hectares more of public land, of which three million hectares are still covered with commercial forests, two million hectares of non-commercial forests and two million hectares of cogon lands. The release from time to time of the area still covered with commercial forests will largely depend on how fast the people and timber licensees will be able to utilize the valuable timber estimated at not less than PG,250.00 per .hectare in the lumber trade. In other words, the sum of P62,500.00 worth of lumber will have to be destroyed in order to give way right now to the approval of every forest homestead of ten hectares, P625,000.00 to every forested purchase application of 100 hectares, and PG,250,000.00 for every forested 1,000 hectares for corporation. In view of the foregoing, a top level policy as to what extent the forest resources be sacrificed in order to give way to the much needed agricultural development, should be adopted. Before destruction be allowed, it is suggested that the fruits-taxes, crops for the farmers, etc .• for instances-which may be reaped from making forest land still containing valuable timber an agricultural land, should be taken into consideration. Will the Government realize more taxes? Will the farmers be benefited for long? Will it help build up and strengthen the econo(Continued on page 38) Page 17 ARBOR DAY ... (Continued from page 9) Philippine delegation to the 6th Session of the F AO Conference, to plant the Philippine tree. This was one of the most colorful tree ceremonies I have ever witnessed. There were literally thousands of children of the high and elementary schools who came out to participate in this big celebration. Each one had a tree to plant at a given signal After the bpeechmaking and tree-planting sponsored by the representatives of the different nations then present, music was played from across another hill by the military band gorgeously attired for the occasion. The music is the signal for the children to plant their respective trees. I enjoyed seeing them planting the trees to the accompaniment of the music. I wished I had my moving picture camera then so I could have registered the colorful uniforms of children from different schools busy planting trees on the hillside. One interesting thing I noticed was that not only the small boys and girls were present in the celebration but also their parents who helped the children plant, thus the occasion was meant not only for teaching the children the meaning and idea of tree planting, but also for affording their fathers and mothers they brought along the opportunity to help them out plant trees in the field. Also, after the representatives of foreign countries had planted their respective trees and, perhaps, as a reminder of the pleasure and satisfaction one may derive from planting a tree, every guest from foreign countries present in that celebration was given a basket full of assorted fruits and nuts like apples, pears, grapes, walnuts, chestnuts, etc. by an association of fruit and timber growers. This celebration coincided with the meeting of the F AO wherein the Division of Forestry on the panel of Agriculture and Working Committee on Forestry passed and adopted a resolution that a tree festival be Page 18 instituted in every member country of the F AO and the world at large. Please take note that the resolution calls for a tree festival The original idea was to have an arbor day a year. However, it was brought out by other European countries that their arbor day is celebrateci not only in a day. For example, Finland counts weeks and months during which she celebrates her tree festival. So, following the consensus of the representatives of the nations present in the meeting it was unanimously agreed that the tree festival be inaugurated in all member countries and for the F AO to sponsor and start a world wide tree planting movement. The duration of the festival will depend on the country's interest and demand for either longer or shorter period of tree planting. You can praise yourself from weakness into strength, from ignorance into intelligence, from poverty into affluence, from sickness into health. -Charles Fillmore Compliments of International Hardwood & Veneer Company of the Philippines LLAVAC SAWMILLS So. Llavac, Infanta, Quezon FORESTRY LEAVES How to Prepare Compost for Nursery Use By TEODORO DELIZO Instructor, College of Forestry, U.P. The nursery soil is steadily being depleted of the essential plant nutrients like {litrogen, phosphorus and other elements in the form of compounds by the growing plants. It is apt to deteriorate if the loss of these . essential nutrients is not replaced and balanced by the application of fertilizers. It is not sufficient, however, to add plant nutrients from commercial fertilizers to the soil . without regard to its physical condition. Humus, composed of decayed organic matter . is not only a good source of plant nutrients but if used in adequate amount will make the soil rich and physically fit for plant growth. The original material for compost may be barnyard manure, green matter such as leaves, vegetable tops gra5$es and even weeds, or anything that has lived and died. : A compost made up of barnyard manure may be made by stacking alternate layers of about twelve centimeters of good ordinary garden soil (clay lo.am) and barnyard manure until the pile is from one to two meters high. Small amount of slake lime may· be added. to hasten decomposition and prevent the loss of nitrogen during fermentation.· The width · and length of the pile depends upon the availability of material. When the pile is completed, the top should be concave so as to hold water that will soak into the different layers. Too much water, however, should be avoided as the essential plant nutrients may be leached ~>Ut. In. order to prevent this, a roof may ~ built over the pile during the rainy season and removed during the dry season. Every four· to five months, the pile should be spaded vertically and restocked to blend GJUDUATJON Issug..,....,.April, 1952 the soil and the manure. The compost should be ready in about two years. Compost made up of vegetable remains may be prepared by piling the material in the following order: (1) layer of about fifteen centimeters of well compacted green matter. This may consist of leaves, twigs, grasses, or weeds; if grasses and weeds are used, they should be gathered before they bear seed; (2) layer of loam of about five to seven centimeters thick; (3) a thin layer of· chicken droppings, horse or cattle manure. This may be followed by a thin layer of slake lime to counteract acidity in the pile. The performance is repeated on the pile until it is about one or two meters high. The width and length of the pile depend upon the availability of material. At the very top of the pile is a layer of froni ten to fifteen centimeters thick of loam soil a bit lower at the center than the outer reaches in order to allow water to soak the layers and encourage decomposition. After four to five months, the pile is spaded vertically to blend the soil and the partially decomposed organic matter and then restocked again. This will also insure the penetration of oxygen into the pile which is essential for satisfactory decomposition. The compost should be ready for use when it is pretty well decayed. The organic matter is converted into compost by a number of microscopic organisms like fungi, bacteria, protozoa and other minute organisms and activities of other creatures the most important of which is. the earthworm. Sometimes a shallow pit is built at the edge of the nursery and used for piling the (Continued on page 31) Pace 19 The Role of the Bureau of Forestry in the Food Production Campaign By AGAPITO L. CENABRE Senior Forester, B.F. One of the most vital problems facing this country after liberation was the problem of food supply. His Excellency, the late President Manuel Roxas, recognized the importance of this problem, so much so that in his message to Congress on June 3, 1946, he said among other things: "Famine is a strong possibility; shortage of food is even now critical. We are immediately faced by a shortage-which will grow more critical within the next few months---in our staple food product-rice. In some sections of the country rice is not being planted because of the lack of carabaos and the threat of rats and locusts. In others, planting is diminished because of the absence of law and order and the fear that the harvest may be stolen. There is a world shortage of rice. Many nations of the earth are as unfortunate as we; in· the case of our own shortage we can expect very little assistance from abroad. We are doing everything in our power to get as much assistance as we can. I fear that we must look to our own resources to supply a major part of our requirements even for the next critical six months." Basing on the above Presidential message, the Secretary of Agriculture and Commerce issued Memorandum Circular No. 15 dated June 5, 1946, which enjoined the officials and employees of his department to redouble their efforts in the production of more food in order that starvation may be averted. In conformity with the above-mentioned Page 20 Department Memorandum Circular, the Officer in Charge of the Bureau of Forestry issued Forestry Circular No. 7, dated June 13, 1946, urging Forest Officers to join in the all-out efforts of the Administration and of the Department of Agriculture and Commerce and to increase our food supply by having a family "anti-famine garden" and raise more food crops and vegetable, more poultry, animals and fish. The circular also urged every forest officer to use his personal and official influence in the community to make others take up the work by example and by explaining to the people the imminence of hunger so that they could be made to realize their duties to raise all the food they can and to help conserve the food supply. Finally, forest officers were urged to accommodate as many persons as possible with cultivable areas in such parts of the public forests where kaiiigin making will not prove prejudicial to forestry interests. To give cognizance to the urgency and importance of the movement His Excellency, the President of the Philippines issued Proclamation No. 85, on August 2, 1948, declaring October 2, 1948, as "Food Production Day." In the celebration of the day, the President called upon all inhabitants and civic and religious organizations' of the Philippines to undertake the production of more foodstuffs and to carry out effectively the aims of the Food Production Campaign being waged all over the country. All officials and employees of the national, provincial and municipal governments and governmentowned or controlled corporations, particu-FORESTRY LEAVES larly, were called upon to lead in the practical observance of the day. To supplement the Presidential Proclamation just mentioned, the Director of Forestry Memorandum Order No. 43, dated August 19, 1948, calling all forest officers to rally not only to preaching and urging the people to help solve the acute food problem, but also to doing individually and actually their share, whenever it is possible to do so. Forest officers and employees, particularly those in the field should cooperate with local officials in their respective jurisdictions for the success not only of the day but also of the campaign thereafter. In the campaign they should contact and enlist the cooperation of concessionaires and sawmill and logging operators who have hundreds of employees and laborers in their employ to help stimulate and intensify the raising of more food crops and animal products. Since the beginning of this campaign in which the National Government took the lead, the Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources did its part not only by enjoining the different bureaus under its supervision to undertake the task thru their cooperation with the provincial, city and municipal governments, but also by actually doing their best on what is possible within their means to achieve the vital aim of the campaign. Thus the Bureau of Forestry did its best in doing its share to carry on the program of the campaign into its full swing. Instructions thru memorandum orders and circular letters were issued to the field men to extend their full cooperation to other government entities and exert their official and personal influence on the public, especially the sawmill and logging operators who have under them a large number of employees and laborers who could contribute a great deal to the execution of the program of the campaign and show more tangible results in solving this national problem. As a result of these efforts it could be seen that the public in general has responded GRADUATION ISSUE-April, 1952 in a most favorable manner. Altho up to the present the problem of food shortage still exists, yet it can be said that it no longer stands as a threatening menace in the economic well-being of the nation. And as long as our government and our people stand hand in hand in keeping up the food production campaign not only for a day or a month but thruout the years to come, we as a nation will be proud to show to the whole world that we have by ourselves ultimately solved one of the most threatening problems underlying our nation's economic security. The Bureau of Forestry in doing its share to carry on the program of this campaign, can show with pride that in some way or another it has contributed, altho how little, both tangible and intangible results to whatever success made by our government in this endeavor. Its field men not only have exerted efforts in preaching the gospel of food production and conservation to all either in group, community assembly, or individual with whom they have come in contact within their offices or in the fields especially in remote towns and barios within their respective jurisdictions in connection with their . public relation work and field trips. Besides this there were eight (8) radio speeches delivered by ranking men in the Central Office. The Bureau pers~nnel in the field have extended their cooperation to provincial and municipal employees in the execution of the program of this campaign. They have likewise extended help to individuals desirous to make kaifigins in portions of public forests for purposes .of food production, as long as it was not contrary to the existing policy on forest conservation. The classification and delimitation of alienable and disposable lands within unclassified public forests had been enhanced to give more room for agricultural expansion and development throughout the country, particularly in Mindanao. During the last fiscal year (19501951) there were 36 Land Classification ProPage 21 jects certified to the Department of Agriculture and' Natural Resources with corresponding total areas of 89,892.8 hectares, which were declared agricultural lands. These areas are mostly found in Mindanao, Mindoro,. Samar, Palawan and other undeveloped regions. The release of mangrove swamps more fitted for fishpond purposes had been made to accommodate individuals or corporations interested in raising cultured fishes. The last fiscal year report of the Bureau shows 382 applications for fishpond permits covering 8,781.4 hectares of mangrove swamps were certified to the Bureau of Fisheries as available for fishpond purposes. Besides, from the above, there were also a total of 896 miscellaneous permits covering 4,070.51 hectares granted or issued inside our public forest to accelerate food production. As direct contribution of the personnel of this Bureau in this campaign, the reports from field men show that as of May, 1"950, a total of 500 hectares in various parts of the country were planted to rice, com, bananas, tubers, vegetables and fruit trees by the personnel themselves. There were also raised.· pigs, chickens, carabaos, goats and ducks, particularly by the personnel of the Division of Forest Investigation; Bureau of Forestry at Los Banos. The personnel of the Manila Cen,µoal Office maintain a· community garden in an SO-hectare tract at Dilitnan, Quezon City, where mass planting bad been started on May 13, 1950, led by Director and Mrs. Florencio Tamesis themselves. An area of about 800 square meters was planted to various kinds of vegetables and . fruit trees, the seeds and seedlings of which :were secured from the Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources. With these activities, the Bureau of Forestry, both in its capacity as a government entity and in the individual efforts of its personnel, can J:iumbly point out that it has contributed, however small, towards whatever success that has been attained in this campaign so far; Pqe 22 Up to the present, however, we can not really say that ·the problem of food shortage in this country had been thoroughly solved. Altho, as I have said, we have so. far attained favorable results in this campaign of food production, yet, it seems to· me that we have crossed only halfway the. stream of the rushing current of this problem. And if we. stop right where we are, we may be drifted and be carried along by the current that will surely bring us towards the yawning ocean of starvation, or.: otherwise drift us back to the shore where we have started at the very beginning of this campaign, a situation more precariotis than ever before. It behooves us, therefore, to· redouble our efforts in our endeavor to produce more food, especially rice, com, vegetables, poultry, meat and fish until at last we find ·our~ selves standing on the solid ground of selisufficiency in our food ~upply; Then and only then can we rejoice and look back with· pride on our past struggles in the solution. of this . grave national problem. One of the many obstacles· that hinder us· in solving this problem is the unfavorable peace arid order situation existing in many parts of the country today. Our government, however, is doing its best· in. trying to eliminate this and other obstacles that· block us from our final goal in this cam:. paign. We must ··remember that in any undertaking dealing with the solution of our·. national problem8, we cannot expect· the gove~nment alone to carry all the burden of the task if we want to insure a sue.;,· cessful solution of the problem. We ·need the full cooperation of the people. Let u5 then rally behind the wheel and push io-· gether so that with our collective efforts, no matter how grave the problem seems to be,. enduring success will be easily attained.· The Blireau of Forestry, as ·in the past, is always ready to perform its share in carry:- . ing out ·the program, of this campaign uritil · final success is fully attained which will be (Continued on page 28) FORESTRY. LEAVES Save the Edible Fruit -Bearing Tree in the Forest By JUAN DAPROZA Bureau of Forestry The main objective of the National Food Production Campaign is the mobilization of all sources of food in quantity and quality, actual and potential with a view to providing every citizen three square meals a day, thus promoting and stabilizing peace and standard of living in every Filipino home at all times. Permit me, therefore, on this occasion to focus your attention on the extent and character of fruit-bearing trees, drawbacks and important measures taken towards their protection and conservation, and the role the Bureau of Forestry has taken to supplement the cultivated food resources of the country. The number of Philippine tree species producing edible fruits depends to a considerable extent on the degree of culture and density of population. Where the population is dense and food scarce, many inferior plants are eaten. On the other hand, where the population is scarce, wild food plants are hardly utilized. Edible plants from neighboring and more densely populated countries include many which in the Philippines are not considered edible. According to their use, these may be divided into palms, tubers, protein-containing plants, fruits and vegetables. Among the palms, the "buri" and "kaong'' produce substantial substitute for rice in communities where they are found. Nipa and the rattans produce the "ubod" of fame. Next to the palms, are root crops which are rich in starch. Nami or ''karot" and "ube" are typical examples. Protein-containing plants are the various kinds of edible mushroom fungi. Wild fruits or nuts are generally of inferior quality or are borne in such small GRADUATION ISSUE--April, 1952 numbers, or so high up in the trees as to make collection difficult. There are, however, some striking exceptions. The pili nut considered by most people as superior to almond, is abundant and is a staple article of commerce. The nuts are used considerably in the making of confection. One of the wild mangoes has a fine flavor and is sold in the market in regions where it is found. Mabolo, lanzon, guava, santol, durian, macopa, binayuyo, kalios, tamarind and kamanchile, to mention only a few, are commonly seen in the markets in various parts of the country. By their nature, fruit-bearing trees and plants were not only protected and conserved, but were planted and cared near homes in orchards and in communal grounds, like plazas and elsewhere, during· and even before the Spanish regime in our country. Fruit-bearing trees were included in the yearly planting since the inauguration of Arbor Day in 1906. By legislative enact·ment, Act No. 2812, prohibits the cutting in public forest or communal forest, of fruit bearing trees which can be used as human food. Four (4) out of 101 forest reserves during the years 1926-1938 were established for the conservation and protection of lanzones, buri, and anahaw in Cotabato, Davao, Nueva Ecija, Tarlac and Zamboanga containing an aggregate area of close to 10,000 hectares. These are among the early measures taken by the Bureau of Forestry to protect and conserve fruit-bearing trees and palms in various parts of the country. Thanks to these early measures, to the zeal and vigilance of forest officers in pro(Continued on page 28) Page 23 Progress Report on Lumbering in Lanao Province By Forester FRANCISCO ABIJAY The commercial forest in Lanao province covers an aggregate area of approximately 316,865 hectares. It contains an average stand of 129 cubic meters per hectare of merchantable timber which represents such principal species, arranged according to their abundance, as mayapis, white lauan, bagtican, tangile, apitong, red lauan, manggasinoro, lumbayau, nato, malugai, batikuling, narig, guijo, manggachapui, makaasim, pagsahiiigin, malabatino, kato, luktob, binggas, sakat, molave, kayatau, dungon, liusin, narra and tindalo. There was available for commercial exploitation after the last world war timbers, or 17,331,248,404 board feet of logs, for trees having attained forty ( 40) centimeters and over in diameter. In the postwar period, the activities of the lumber' industry in Lanao may be said to have commenced operations when the Misamis. Lumber Company, Inc. put into use its first sawmill (second-hand) •hich was installed in Kapatagan in the early part of 1947. This was followed by the Iligan Lumber Company, Inc. by operating its old sawmill at Larapan in 1947, and by the Kiwalan Lumber Company, Inc. in the following year by operating the old sawmill of Mr. Marcos Paderanga at Kiwalan, Iligan City. From this humble beginning, lumbering in this province has made considerable progress in terms of logging and sawmill output as can be seen in the figures below. With the installation of machinery and sawmills being made by the Findlay Millar Timber Company in Kolambugan, Lanao, which is expected to operate in full swing by the middle of this year, lumbering in this province may reach its highest dev.;. elopment in 1956 hand-in-hand with the progressive development of agriculture as well as of the hydro-electrical power to be generated from the famous Maria Cristina Falls in Iligan City. There is really a rosy future for the development of lumbering and of lumber industries in Lanao Province. Yea-r Numbe-r Net volume Total Volume Total Volume (Fiscal) of saw- in mill cut of all logs logs cubic mete-r in bd. ft. cut in Cu.M. February to June, 1947 ·----------------- 1,498 3,079.10 501,217 3,079.10 1947-1948 -------------------- 19,498 31,764.48 5,922,360 46,403.86 1948-1949 --------·----------- 23,076 39,116.45 7,367,877 64,409.19 1949-1950 -------------------- 21,801 39,824.68 7,436,705 79,853.89 1950-1951 ---·---------------- 30,169 51,742.92 7,901,384 84,255.78 Totals -------------··----------- 94,544 162,448.53 28,628,326 278,001.82 Page 24 FORESTRY LEAVES Cinchona Grows, Too, in· Mt. Makiling Beyond ecological expectations, a species of cinchona (Cinchona succirubra Pav.) is now thriving well in the nursery at the Makiling National Park, Los Banos. Germinated about September, 1948, the 12 seedlings which were set 6 months after at the frontage of the new nursery, have grown 7-22 centimeters (average, 13.8 ems.) in diameter and 5.6-9.9 meters (average, 7.7 m.) in height, in 3 years and 10 months (reckoned from germinatiOn), or 3 years and 4 months (reckoned from setting in the field). This growth compares favorably with that obtaining in the Bukidnon plantation-the only place proven so far where cinchona grows in the Philippines. (Some 126 seedlings potted in milk cans and set 1 meter apart under partial shade range from 2 to 11 centimeters in diameter and 2 to 6.6 meters in total height). Several attempts in the past to grow cinchona in Makiling had failed, so that raising any species of this tree here was given up. How the Division of Forest Investigation happened to have this cinchona growth is in the nature of "just leaving it without much thought of any good outcome, until to your surprise it comes out good beyond your expectations." In 1948, Forester Rosales A. Juni, then pursuing the B.S.F. course, planned to take up the study of dampingoff of cinchona as his thesis, so he ordered for cinchona seeds from Kaatuan, Bukidnon. Fearing that the seeds had lost their viability, he changed the subject of his investigation. Not having the heart to just simply throw away the precious seeds, with the aid of a nurseryman, Julian Revilleza, he sowed the seeds in seedboxes and forgot all about it thereafter. Ti.vo species of cinchona sown were: Cinchona succirubra Pav. (100 cc.) and Cinchona ledgeriana Moens var. ThinGRADUAnON ISSUE--April, 1952 jiroean (700 cc.), but only the former germinated with 40% success. Chief Eugenio de la Cruz of the Division of Forest Investigation noticed that the seedlings were not doing well due to lack of care. He gave instructions to have some of them set in the open space of the new nursery, and 12 of them were planted in 2 rows at 6 meters between rows and at 4 meters between plants in a row, with the intention of just having them as specimens for instructional purposes; the other 126 seedlings potted in milk cans were set at 1 meter apart in 10 rows in another section of the nursery. Notwithstanding the great altitudinal difference between the Makiling site-about 100 meters above sea level, and Kaatuan, Bukidnon-about 1,000 meters, the performance of this cinchona species is almost phenomenal. It does not follow one of the ecological principles that different species grow within certain altitudinal ranges. Good examples of other ecological deviations are shown by certain tree species, such as, jpil and almaciga. lpil is generally known to grow only at low altitudes in beaches behind mangrove swamps, but wide, wild plantations of it were found in an interior high plateau in Isabela Province, ac• cording to Professor Cruz. Almaciga, known to thrive well only at high altitudes above dipterocarp sites is found to grow well also at an elevation as low as 100 meters. The results obtained from the trial planting of Cinchona succirubra may lead us to establish cinchona plantations in other reforestation projects with similar elevation, soil and climate as those obtaining in Makiling. In this way, cinchona bark production may be boosted and may bring in more dollars to the country.-M. R. Reyes. Page 25 Reforestation in Bohol By FELIX. MACEREN Senior Ranger, Bureau of Forestry The planting of forest trees on denuded mountains containing only brush and shrubs of no value is an economic necessity. Bohol, like Cebu, Siquijor, arid the Ilocos regions is devoid of forest vegetation. Reforestation is keenly needed in such areas. Unfortunate destruction of forests by ruthless cutting and the kaingin system has transformed what was once a 'source of income for the government into a complicated and expensive problem needing immediate attention. The local reforestation project located at Colonia, Malitbog, Kagawasan and Dano, officially named "Bohol Reforestation Project", is a bold attempt to solve this problem. Its office building and central nursery are situated at the base of Mt. Kam-angay, a majestic mountain rich with legends and history. Abandoned for almost four years during the second world war, the plantations have triumphed over their arch-enemy, the kogon. ~· The primary aims of the project are: (a) to prevent landslide and erosion, (b) to control or reduce floods, (c) to conserve water supply for irrigation purposes and domestic use, (d) to produce forest products for the use of the people, ( e) to produce forest cover, and ( f) to provide home for game and to enhance the beauty of the region. The total area of the project is approximately 2,918. 75 hectares including natural growth of forest in patches. The area planted since the establishment of the project in 1937 is 77 hectares. Our plantation consists of different timber species such as molave, narra, eucalyptus, mahogany, camagon, akle, ipil, teak, palms, airplants, begoPage 26 nias and many others. Jestingly, it is or can be considered as man-made forest. Pride of the project are 3,000 teak; 830 pines; 601 eucalyptus; 1,585 mahogany; 1,286 molave, and still other species. There are, in addition, endemic species growing very well. All in all, the future is very promising. Our plantation is becoming a bird sanctuary. The presence of different kinds of birds is evident. The singing of birds accompanying the crowing of wild roosters and the deep murmur of Mas-ing creek greet the coming of day. All these sylvan songs and many more certainly )ull one to deep slumber, especially after a hard day's toil The cool breezes from the slopes of Mt. Kamangay whisper through the thick foliage of pines, eucalyptus and mahogany, leaving the forest heavily laden with such sweet odor as would do wonders for one's health. Before the project was started, the place was a vast waste of cogon land; now it is a land of beauty and artistry, one which we can be proud of. Published in "The Bohol Community and School", official organ of the Bohol Public School Teachers' Association, October - November - December, 1951 issue, p. 5. "It is our loves and desires that determine our ·pains. If our supreme love is the pleasure of the body, then our greatest pein is loss of health; if our supreme love is wealth, then our deepest worry is insecurity; if our supreme love is God, then our greatest fear is sin." -Fulton J. Sheen * * * * Perhaps, God has become a little tired of man and has given him this last alternative: Love or die. -R. McCulloch Dick FORESTRY LEA VBS LIVING TREE UNDER THE SEA? Romblon is noted for its fine harbor which is the haven of big and small ships during storms, for the marble deposits that have amazed the Italian experts who toured the place and also for the mancono (Xanthostemon verdugunianus) the hardest of Philippine wood found in Sibuyan Island. But aside from these things fur which Romblon is noted there exists around that island a mysterious death-dealing scourge that prey upon the people every summer. Believe it or not, the people of Romblon is plagued every April and May with fish poisoning, not because of rotting flesh, as the people cook their fish fresh, but due to some unknown cause. According to the older inhabitants, there is a marine tree locally called "camandag" growing under the sea in the harbor of Romblon. They say that it blooms every summer and the flowers are said to be very poisonous. This poison is carried bv edible fishes caught in those waters by fishermen. An instance ocurred one April Fool's day when all the members of one family died of fish poisoning. That the toxin was terrible was shown by the victims' protruding eyes. The "camandag" tree is said to grow with two other trees in triangular formation. These other two trees ar~ not poisonous like the ''camandag", but one tree can not live without the other, it is said. The other two trees are locally known as "Likai" and "Makabuhi". If one can get the bark, leaves or any part of the "likai", he will be immune to any poison or bodily harm. Only external application is needed. The decoction of the leaves, bark or other parts of the "makabuhi" are also antidotes to the "camandag" poison. But it takes super-human power to reach these trees, because aside from the depth of the sea, it is said that as one approaches the trees and is about to touch GRADUATION ISSUE-April, 1952 them, the plants disappear as may well be attributed to an optical illusion under water. According to an old sailor whom the writer interviewed, the first Americans who occupied Romblon sometime in the year 1908 were puzzled by the ~ortality caused by the marine tree. It was easy for them to locate this tree with the help of local fishermen and with the use of a high power lens, a fast motor boat and steel ropes, attempts were made to uproot the tree, but these efforts were all in vain, because the steel ropes could not be tied around its trunk. The Americans gave up. To this day, the Romblon folks are afraid to eat fish sold in the market during summer. Before they eat fish at this time, they determine the presence of toxin by letting their cats or dogs eat first or by applying ginger which turn bluish when in contact with fish having the tree's poison. Inspite of these precautions, however, the poison still claims many victims yearly due to the carelessness and ignorance of some. While there seems to be a similarity between the effects of this poisoning and that of the fish-carried cholera in India, the seasonal occurrence of the former seems to indicate that it may not be fish-carried cholera. The Bureau of Science might well take an interest in this phenomenon and conduct an investigation which may reveal something new in plant life. -T. MONTOJO It is a wrong policy to adopt only remedial measures when the resource is already wasted instead of applying foresight in keeping that resource sustained.-Anonymous. • • • • ''Life becomes almost automatic once you have tapped the sources of strength, of love, of happiness upon which life depends.'' -Vash Young Page 27 SAVE THE ... THE ROLE OF ... (Continued from page 23) (Continued from page 22) tecting and conserving these sources of food, manifested in the self-sufficiency of our food our forests at the outbreak of the war be- supply throughout the country. came a refuge and substantial source of food for refugees and evacuees during the occupation, a time which gave opportunity to the guerrillas and other people who evacuated to the hills to appreciate the vast immense store of natural wealth hidden in the forest. The depletion of these food resources was accelerated in recent years particularly during the Japanese Occupation. For "ubod" alone, various species of palms and rattans of various ages and sizes were cut for their tender buds, the rest, 'usually large trunks and long pieces of rattans were left in the forest to rot, in parks, forest reserves, communal torests and the vast unclassified public forest land. Some 40 years ago pure stands or blocks of buri numbering two million in Mindoro and nine million in the Rio Chico region of Pampanga and Nueva Ecija were found. 'l'he bulk of these forests is gone. Only few and scattered trees remain at the present time. There is more urgent need at the present time not only on the part of the government, but on the part of the people as well, t~. protect and conserve all available fruit-bearing trees in the forest, and to see to it that forest rules and regulations are strictly observed. Forest lands could be availed of by enterprising ·entrepreneurs on a lease basis under Republic Act No. 121 for the cultivation of fruit-bearing trees in remote places in order to stave off food shortage and promote the standard of living of every Filipino family. A nation cannot endure when a portion of it is well-fed and another portion is starving. Let us then conserve all sources of food as it is available in our forest land to supplement our cultivated food crops so ·that everybody may be sufficiently fed at all times. Page ~8 The measure of our self-sufficiency in our food supply m"ay be judged from the existing prices of commodities in the market. In the case of rice, if only we could produce more of it to flood the markets so that instead of its sky-high price of Pl.15 a ganta nowadays, the same may be brought ·down to its pre-war level of P0.30 a ganta, then we can safely say that we are self-sufficient in ·our supply of rice. If the same could happen in the case of other foodstuffs, it will be indeed a gratifying indication that our efforts in this food production campaign is fully rewarded. With the present critical world situation, our need for self-sufficiency in food supply is greatly aggravated. His Excellency, the President of the Philippines, in his recent message to Congress has sounded a call :tor preparedness to all people. · We can do no better to _respond to this call than by doing our share in bringing into its final success the food production campagn being waged by our government throughout. the country. The Bureau of Forestry will ~ways do its part for even before this campaign was launched its personnel in enforcing r~gidly the provision of Act No. 2812 which prohibits the cutting or ·utilization of fruit trees and bushes in the public or communal forests without speCial permit by the Bureau of· Forestry, in some way or another has contributed· to the conservation of food supply, because ·of the. fact that our · forests abound with· wild edible fruit ·trees, palms and shrubs, such as alupag, bulala, mabolo, guavas, barrios, balobo, durian, kat:mon and many others, on which the less fortunate people in remote places de:pend mostly for their supply of fruits, particularly during the war. FORESTRY LEA yES • LUMBER REVIEW • =============By Forester GREGORIO PoBLACION=========== Following the general trend of the export trade, lumber and timber exports during the period from December, 1951 to February, 1952, declined considerably. During the period under review there were exported 12,053,589 board feet of sawn lumber and 35,241,081 board feet of logs, or a total of 47,294,670 board feet, as comp~ed to 53,24 7 ,172 board feet exported during the same period in the previous year, or a drop of 5,952,502 board feet or 11 per cent. It is again evident, as it was before the war, that Japan is only interested in the importation of Philippine logs as shown by the fact that during the period under review that market imported from the Philippines 26,914,738 board feet of logs and _450 board feet. only of sawn lumber for sample purposes. In fact, with the exception of lumber purchased by the United States Army for its own needs, there has been no shipment of Philippine lumber to Japan since May, 1951. Demand in Hongkong for Philippine lumber was strong but, on account of government restrictions on the exportation of lumber to that market for reasons of national security, only 1,760,949 board feet composed Qf. narrows, shorts and one-inch lumber of Merchantable grade were shipped to that market during the period under review. While new openings for export logs and lumber were apparently developing, especially in some countries in Europe, decreased exports to the United States and Japan outweighed the gain from new markets. American and Japanese dealers had shown great concern over the irregular prices being quoted by local producers. This is a factor that undoubtedly contributed in no small measure to the reduced activities of American and Japanese buyers. It can only be solved by the producers themselves. IQ. addition to the above problem that GRADUATION lSSUE--April, 1952 faced the export business, the Associated Steamship Lines increased its freight rates by $2.00 on every one thousand board feet of logs or lumber shipped to the United States effective February 2, 1952. Then adding insult to injury, the shipping company started charging on the same date, $5.00 more on every one thousand board feet of logs or lumber shipped to the United States from out-of-the-way ports in the Philippines not classified as Class A ports. Considering the fact that the places of operation of the small producers are generally located away from ports classified as Class A ports, it is evident that these increases in freight rates weigh more heavily against the small producers catering to export trade than against the big producers whose places of operation are in most cases coincidentally located at Class A ports. Increased cost of production brought about by increased labor wages and high cost of equipment and supplies have made it impossible for some local producers now to bring their lumber to Manila where the wholesale price is lower than the combined cost of product, freight to Manila and stevedoring charges. Placed under this situation, these local producers have no other alternative than to dispose of their lumber in the provinces where they are operating. Eventually, this group of lumber producers may increase in number unless they could find ways and means of reducing their cost of production or unless the high cost of equipment and supplies will decline. Due to decreased demand for Philippine logs in the principal foreign markets, log pri.~es moved down to a lower level during the· period following the law of supply and demand. Veneer or Peeler Log Nos. 1 and 2, fifty per cent red and fifty per cent white were quoted at $50-$55 per thousand board feet, Brereton scale, F.O.B. Philippine po~. Page 29 Merchantable logs having the same proportion of red and white were quoted at $40-$45 per thousand board feet. While the present situation. of the lumber industry is not encouraging, the producers are looking forward to the day when our international economic relations with other countries will be favorable to the expansion of our lumber and timber exports. Many countries of the world need Philippine Mahogany for purposes to which it is specially suited. "The availability of Philippine Mahogany lumber and ti):llber in great quantities at comparatively lower cost than other woods having similar properties is a strong guaranty for a continued demand for it in foreign markets. In the meantime, the government plan to enter into barter trade agreement with other countries should be accelerated to boost our lumber and timber export trade. Local market for lumber and timber has a bright prospect in view of the industrialization· program of the government which is now actually taking shape. The unprecedented steps taken by the government to improve agriculture, the rehabilitation of the mining industry and others will redound to our national prosperity and will increase ou~ lumber and timber requirements annually. The tabl'e below shows the quantities of lumber and timber exported from the Philippines and their corresponding values, excluding the quantities purchased and inspected by the U.S. Army during the months of December, 1951, and January and February, 1952: Lumber Logs Destination Volume Value Volume Value (Bd. Ft.) Pesos (Bd. Ft.) Pesos Belgium --·-------·--------------------- 99,397 32,832.03 Canada ---------------------------·---· 22,888 5,839.75 England ----------------............................... 35,539 27,538.36 599,900 65,291.36 Erie --··················-------------·-····· 72,104 12,832.55 Formosa --·-······--·-------·------····· 1,279,570 101,197.74 Germany -----------------------------· 29,991 sample Guam -----------------------------------· 47,003 11,000.00 7,009 3,150.00 Hawaii .................. ,.~---------------------783,066 197,487.58 Hongkong ---------------------------- 1,760,949 254,835.76 Japan -----------------------------------· 450 sample 26,914,738 2,746,562.54 Singapore ---------------------------- 131,069 15,728.28 South Africa ---------------------.. 1,698,869 422,010.81 198,296 21,415.96 Spain ------------------------------------ 433 229.49 United States ---------------------- 7,532,891 1,894,259.88 6,080,508 1,082,500. 77 '.I'otal ---------------·--------·········· 12,053,589 2,858,866.21 35,241,081 4,035,846.65 Page 30 FORESTRY LEAVES FOREST-AN IMPORTANT ... (Continued from page 8) ings is expected to get under way in the near future. It is realized that the full effectiveness of the work of the Bur. of Forestry is in many ways handicapped through lack of sufficient appropriations. Travel allowances of field personnel are inadequate to safeguard· properly the forests from illegal exploitation. Much timber is destroyed without financial benefit to the Government because of itinerant squatters on public forest lands. We in the MSA are cognizant of these conditions and wish to offer every assistance to the Bureau of Forestry in furthering their correction. The Bureau of Forestry has a large responsibility in serving as the official custodian for: the protection and wise use and management of the forest wealth of this country. The effectiveness of that 'st~ wardship' has a most definite bearing on the Philippine economy both today and on down the years. This responsibility, it is believed, could very well be shared in greater degree with the public through special organized channels for dispensing information. The Bureau of Forestry has a "real story to tell" and one that with the help of a better informed public can go far toward alleviating financial anxieties concerned with the bureau's administration activities. The secret of life is not to do what you like, but to like what you do. -World Treasury of Proverbs * * * * If someone betray3 you once, it's his fault. If he betrays you twice, its your fault. -Rumanian Proverb * * * * He who marries might be sori-y. He who .does not will be sorry. -Czechoslovakian Proverb GRADUATION ISSUE-April, 1952 HOW TO PREPARE ... (Continued from page 19) material for compost. This has the advantage of the pile not to erode at the sides and scatter but the big drawback is the inconvenience of spading to blend the material and removing the . humus once ready for use. The temperature in the Philippines is fairly high throughout the years to favor the development within the pile of the organisms which are essential in good humus formation. The m(,>st important factor to control is moisture within the pile. The pile should be kept moist at all times, a condition which will not only favor the development of bacteria and other organisms but also encourage de~position. During the rainy season, thete is ~ot much need of spraying except of course ,during the spell of prolonged dry weat.ner. During the dry season, occasional spraying is neces~ary in order to keep the pile moist. Sta. Clara Lumber Co. Inc; Exporters of Philippine Mahogany and Dealers 1n Lumber and Kiln Dried Lumber Mill and Forest: Gingoog, Misamis Oriental Page 31 --·I Sunshine Corner A group of sensitive baldheaded men-twenty of them-recently organized a fraternity which they call Baldheads, Incorporated. Formed in Maryland with the idea that the organization may eventually become national .in scope, no one who has use for a comb is considered ·for membership. -Your Life • * * • Little girl to little boy: Bahl Your father's hair is all white. Little boy to little girl: Better white than none at all like your old man. * * • * The superintendent of a large sawmill was interviewing a scaler for a job. "How long," hlj! asked, "did you work for your previous employer'?" "Thirty two ~ars." "How old are you?" ''Twenty eight years." "Now stop kidding, Bud," protested the Supt. ''How could you work for thirty two years when you are only twenty eight years old?" "Overtime." * * • * Rangsr Abijuela, in the city on leave, decided not to miss the premier showing of "David and Bathsheba" at a local moviehouse, so he fell into the long line and shuffled in for an hour towards the ticket booth. When he came to the head of the line, imagine his chagrin when he found himself before a man sitting at a desk, a~ng his name. The queue had brought him to the employment office nut door to the theatre which at that moment was closed for rejuvenation. • • * • Patient: Are you sure this is malaria, doctor? Sometimes doctors prescribe for malaria and patients die of something else. Doctor (with dignity): When I prescribe for malaria, you die of malaria. * * • * Hearing that Forester Mariano's wife was ill, Mn. Diaz went over to the Marianos to inquire about the children. Little five year old Junior answered bar knock. "Hello, Junior," she said. "Are you here all alone?" "Yes," said the little boy. "Mama's in the infirmary-and me, and Papa, and Lita, and Tony, and Choy, and Kuya are here all alone." Page 32 A fresh Los Baiios graduate was hired by Betz Bros. as a salesrr.an for their line of wood preservatives and insecticides. The young man worked hard but after a few months, he still hadn't turned in enough orders. Finally, the manager called him to the Cebu office and said, "Young man, I'm afraid you're not fitted for this job. You just can't sell." The young man was flustered and stammered, "I am selling, sir, I'm selling all the time. The trouble is that those folks out there just aint buying!" • • * * Forestry student to his forester father: "Here's my report card for this semester, and a transcript of your records that I got from Secretary Zacumo's office." * • * • The only perfect climate is bed. • * * • The Gracious Touch: Mother, introducing her newly married son's wife: "And this is my daughter-inlove." • • * * You can't win when the weeper sex uses the weep. • * • * During the Commencement eii:erci- in Diliman, a forestry graduate who was finally able to pus the course after a long, long struggle in the school he loved to see, was asked where he was from. "I was born in San Fabian," he replied, "and raised in Makiling." • • • * This is our last issue for this schoolyear. Did this corner bring you the sunshine it has been striving to radiate all through the year? Write us will you? So long folks. There are other causes for anii:iety, for it is not only in regard to forests and the soil that man is wasteful. The deposits of coal and oil, for ell:Bmple, are limited, and man has used them recklessly. But already water power is supplying electric energy and tomorrow atomic energy will provide an almost unhmited contribution and synthetic processes will alleviate the insufficiency of natural products insofar as inorganic materials are con~med. The forest, however, is essentially different from a mine or an oil deposit; it is not possible to synthesize life. -T. Francois FORESTRY LEAVES AN ORCHID OR TWO TO LIVE BY Forester Doroteo Soriano, Chief, Division of Forest Engineering, has two photostat copies of the handwritten statements made by the late Governor-General Frank Murphy and of the then Secretary of Agriculture and Commerce, Eulogio Rodriguez, on the occasion of their inspection of the Bureau of Forestry on September 27, 1934-18 years or so ago-in line with the program of instituting efficiency and orderliness in all government offices. The photostat copies which Forester Soriano discovered in his private file were forwarded to the Director for purposes of permanent official record. Speaking favorably of the Bureau, the statements are quoted hereunder: "Department of Agriculture and Commerce Bureau of Forestry Manila, P.I. "It is pleasing to note care and orderliness in preserving records and documents in this Bureau; and it is pleasing to see also a marked degree of good morale in a bureau upon whose efficiency and enterprise so much of our future rests. (Sgd.) FRANK MURPHY Governor-GeneTal" "Department of Agriculture and Commerce Bureau of Forestry Manila, P.I. ''The cleanliness and orderliness that I have noted in the Bureau of Forestry indicate progressive and systematic administration. ·Its division of work, the excellent arrangement of the different offices and its preservation of records are remarkable and show a high order of effi( Continued on page 38) GRADUATION ISSUE--April, 1952 • POETRY • TIMBER PATCH I've chopped away at trees enough To know that some are soft inside And some, like ironwood, are tough In bone and gristle, heart and hide. Shagbark hickory spills its blood Easy as a bright vein flowing; Black gum tree and willow wood Heal the cut and keep on growing. If a kn~fe edge girdles beech, One short summer sucks it dry; But sycamore and sumac each Scar the wound and scorn to die. I'd give my a:r away to kno'l.O What spirit breathes the magic breath That forces one hurt tree to grow And lets another bleed to death. By Herbert Merrill MUTE LOVE By TEoDORICO M. MONTOJO How shall I say it, how design a. phrase Of fitting beauty with a ·mouth gone dumb? Or lead my throat down labyrinthine ways Of song e:ralted? Less than meager crumbFrom Love's rich loaf, let fall and brushed aside, . Is an utterance and caressing word: Less forgotten suitor to a bride Or last year's stolen berries to- a bird-My love needs no medium of clumsy tongue To voice its song of ecstacy or grief, Its surety of Eden staf'Ted and young ... Even as greenne88 melts into a leaf Even as sky bends down to kiss the ground-So heart communes with heart without a S01,Lnd. Page 33 • COLLEGE NOTES • ROLL OF HONOR Second Semester, 1951-1952 Rank Name Class A.Load 1st-Francia, Faustino C. Senior - 17 2nd-Reyes, Martin R. Senior - 22 3rd-Malacoco, Evangelina F. Senior - 22 * * * * A.R. 1.59 1.66 1.95 PRESIDENT TAN, MOVING-UP DAY GUEST The earliest to start, shortest convocation program and briefest guest speaker's speech ever had in a Moving-Up Day celebration here was held on March 29, 1952 at the Ma.1tiilng Park Pavilion. President Vidal A. Tan of the University of the Philippines, in his "Gettysburgian" speech, inspired the graduates to go on with .zeal and industry in their service to the country. Though with low remuneration, the ranger, he said, has greater opportunity for better character and happier life than the rich. Dean Tamesis presented the B.S.F. and ranger candidates for graduation to the President of the University, after which the latter conferred the certificates to the rangers. Other features of the program were the traditional passing of the key (Seniors to Juniors) ceremony and 2 vocal solos by Miss Lulu Castro, (Coloratura soprano) accompanied on the piano by Miss Amelita Roa of the Conservatory ot Music, U.P. Promptly at 8:30 A.M., the program was opened by the Forester-in-Charge of the College, Harold Cu.zner, who gave a brief remarks about Moving-up day. At 10 A.M., the different donations were turned over to Dean Tamesis 'for the College of Forestry: (Senior Cla-2 artistic concrete benches fitted around an African oil palm; Ranger class--Dictiooary wooden stand; Pensionado Club-waiting and rest station). Mrs. Tamesis and Mrs. W. L. Gooch cut the ribbons for the Senior class and Pensionado club donations, respectively. Games, 'oratorical and Spanish declamation contests were held in the afternoon followed by a dance tendered by the Juniors in honor of the Seniors in the evening at the Swimming Pool Pavilion. The II MA Band furnished the music. * * * * JUNIOR-SENIOR PROM The Juniors this year under the leadership of their President, Marcelino Macabeo, resumed the tradition of giving a dance in honor of the Seniors. That was on the evening of March 29, 1952 in the colorful, cool- swimming pool pavilion of the Makiling National Park. The popular II MA band furnished Page 34 the delightful music for the dancers. Ladies from Calamba, Bay and Los Banos gave life to the affair. Dean and Mrs. Florencio Tamesis, Mr. and Mrs. Winslow L. Gooch, Forester and Mrs. Eugenio de la Cru.z, Foresters P. San Buenaventura, D. Soriano and Carlos Sulit, Dr. A. V. Manza and Professor J. B. Blando, Foresters E. Madrid, F. Asidao, Ar. Genio, and many visiting foresters from nearby provinces attt.nded and participated in the dance. Sucess of the affair is due to the cooperative efforts of their President, the Vice-President, Jose A. Cru.z, Ambrosio Juinio and their classmates. Forester F. Tamolang contributed his artistic talent in "dressing up" the pavilion. (See pictorial) * * * * ATHLETICS The Forestry Youth Circle cagers rammed their way to the final round of the basketball championship to cop the basketball trophy during the Moving-up day celebration on March 29, .1952, by shoving out the tall 3rd BCT. P.A. Stars in the College of Forestry basketball court. The FYC hoopsten completely dominated the game against the Army dribblers. Results: 17-11, 26-24, 46-30, 59-36. For the last three years the FYC almost captured all basketball championships in the College of Forestry, winning 3 trophies and 13 pennants in different games in different towns of Leguna, Tayabas and in the city of Manila, since its organization in 1949 by youths within the Forestry premiaes captained by Marcelino Capito and coached by Forester T. Deliso. The College of Forestry quintet playing its initial game lost to the Sportsman, Los Baiios, by a margin of two points. The clash was as rough and rugged as any two feuding neighbors can make it. The game started in as a thrilling see-saw affair. Score: 33-31 In the second game of the afternoon on March 29. the Los Banos All Stars enjoyed a target practice as they knocked out the Santa Cru.z All Stars, 47-22. In another game, the Grinhar Midgets outsped and outlasted the Grove Midgets, 31-18. On March 30, before the championship games were played, in one game the Santa Rosa All Stars ousted and rode roughshod over the Ex-Cowhm San Pablo five. The San Pablo boys chopped the gap down to 9 points in the last quarter but the Santa Rosa skymasters refused to be cowed and marched on to a final 29-27. The Forestry Youth Circle rapped the Los Baiios All Stars edg:ng out the basketers from the low· lands, 22-13. The following day the Forestry All Stars softball FORESTRY LEAVES team toppled the defending Agriculture All Star bulldogs, in a double-head game at the College of Agriculture softball grounds with a 10-4 win. Another tilt between the Los Baiios All-Stars and the 3rd BCT P.A. Stars will determine the winner of the Manalo Banner. Donors of Prizes were: Forester Ernesto G. Tamayo . . Basketball Trophy Forester Santiago Berbano . . . . . . Banner Forester Carlos Valdepenas . . . . . . . . Banner Forester Jesus Natonton . . . . . . . . Banner Forester Benjamin Blando . . . . . . Banner Anonymous ................. . Forester Tomas Manalo . . . . . . . . . . Banner Banner It was a highly successful sports affair on the Forestry campus as Mt. Makiling cooperated with good weather in contrast to her usual playful moods of raining during celebration games.-T. MONTOJO * * * * FORESTRY TEAM COPS VOLLEYBALL CHAMPIONSHIP The Forestry volleyball team, captained by Honorato Esteves and coached by Forester Rosario Cortes, captured the 1951-52 Los Banos Volleyball intramural championship tilt last December 20, 1951. The Foresters nosed out the Aggie Freshies in three straight sets at the College of Agriculture grounds. In the elimination contest, the contending pertie1 were divided into Groups I and II. The Forestry Team, U.P. R'11"al H:gh boys and the Junior Aggie• composed the contenders in the elimination contellt. for Group I, while the Freshmen Aggies, the Senior Aggies and the Sophomore Aggies fought each other in Group II to win the elimination contest. The Freshman Aggies whipped both the Aggie Seniors and the Aggie Sophomores in easy games and became winner of Group II to face the winner for Group I. The Forestry tossers trounced the U.P. Rural boys in the first elimination and steam-rollered the Aggie Juniors in the second round to qualify for the championship game which was played last November 17, 1951, against the Freshman Aggies, winner of Group II. The Forestry cagers showed superb form in the first stanza and eased down in the second and third, spurring the Freshie Aggies to fight hard and desperately; but in the fourth, the Foresters really clicked and hammered the Freshies right and left mercilessly. With victory in sight, however, the hectic game was overtaken by darkness so that Mr. Gascon, the umpire, had to postpone his decision-which resulted in a 2-all tie. The play-off was held last December 20, 1951, in which the fighting Foresters won 3 straight games out of the 5 scheduled games. Score: 21-18, 21-20, 21-17. Once again, ·the highlanders regained GRADUATION ISSUE--April, 1952 the volleyball championship crown which they have worn for so long that it has almost become a tradition of the college. -T. MON'i'.OJO * * * * Without games, Forestry Day celebration would certainly be dry and so on Forestry Day, December 2, 1951, games were played for which different prizes were donated by prosperous alumni of this College. Among the donors were the following: 1. Forester P. San Buenaventura . . . . . . . . P20.00 2. Forester Agapito Cenabre . . . . . . . . . . . . P20.00 3. Forester Vicente Parras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P24.00 4. Atty. Juan Acojido . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P12.50 5. Forester Valentin· Sajor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P 6.50 6. Forester Evaristo Tabet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P 5.00 '"/. Forestry Youth Circle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P20.00 8. Pensionado Club . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P20.00 These cash prizes were given for: Pingpong, Badminton, Tennis Singles, and Tennis Doubles. -T.M.M. * * * * A beauty contest was held at the Leaders' Trainir1g Conference. MiBS Thelma ( Balagot of the Philippines) was declared Beauty Queen of S. E. Asia and Robert (Hla Khin of Burma) has qualified to be Mr. S. E. A. Polly (Cancio, Phil.) and Keith Bridston (WSCF, Switzerland) were eliminated from the contest because it was felt that "their beauty has become the ezclusive poBSession of their respective partners." From "The Sillimanian", January 19, 1952 (Page 2) * * * * FILIPINO FORESTERS MEET The Society of Filipino Foresters held its fourth annual meeting last March 30 at the forestry campus in conjunction with the moving-up day celebration of the U.P. College of Forestry. Winslow Y. Gooch, forestry advisor of the Mutual Security Agency (E.C.A.) in the Philippines, pointed out to the foresters the fact that the pressing forestry activity at the moment in which M.S.A. is participating is the cla11ification of the public forest lands, and the establishment of a Forest Products Laboratory at the forestry campus in Los Banos, which will be the center of forest research work in the country. This laboratory will be equipped with the most modern scientific apparatus for testing and analyzing wood and carrying on ezperimental research in the preparation of pulp and peper, pressed boards, veneers and plywood. It was also learned from Advisor Gooch that the Pap 35 M.S.A. is likewise interested in lending suitable assistance aimed at improving the management of our vast forest resources which will take the form of a comprehensive inventory of our forest wealth and the setting up of forest experiment stations. Among other matters taken up in the meeting, were a symposium on administrative and technical problems of forestry, approval in principle of the proposed legislation to provide for the licensing of the practice of forestry in the Philippines, and adoption of the "Code of Ethics" for the profession. -JUAN DAPROZA • • • • FORESTRY ALUMNI MEET Taking advantage of the presence of a sizeable group of foresters who are to convene the following day for their conference as members of the Society of Filipino Foresters, Dean Florencio Tamesis, as President, called them to a meeting as members also of the Forestry Alumni Association in the afternoon of March 29. Invited to the meeting were the new B.S.F. and ranger graduates who became automatically members of the association. Members of the Board of Directors were elected who are as follows: Foresters Florencio Tamesis, Porfirio San Buenaventura, Eugenio de la Cruz, Carlos Sulit, Calixto Mabesa, Gregorio Zamuco, Doroteo Soriano, Valentin Sajor and Felipe Amos. The first 3 will serve for 3 years, the next 3, 2 years, and the last 3, 1 year. The association endorsed the organization of a course leading to the degree of Master of Forestry. A committee of 9 (3 from the College of Forestry, 3 from the Bureau of Forestry and 3 from the outside) alumni was authorized to be formed by the Chairman of the Board of Directors to study the revision of the curriculum of the College of Forestry here with a view to meeting the needs of the lumber industry. A campaign fot contributions to the Ahem Medal Fund was started; prosperous members of the association chipped in readily. * • * * NOTED SCHOLAR ADDRESSES LOS BA&OS STUDENTS In a special convocation at the College of Agriculture on February 18, 1952, in which a number of College of Forestry students and faculty members were present, Dr. James Yen, President of the International Committee of Mass Education, UNO, thrilled his listeners with a significant address, in which be laid emphasis and interest on the education of the masses or "kasama". His line and special interests were in the education of the poor, the needy, the illiterate, the oppressed, the downtrodden, or th• common masses. "The foundation of our progress as a nation lies in the masses, hence the education of those masses are important in order to let the founPage 36 dation contribute to the prosperity of the country," Dr. Yen declared. In the earlier part of his address he related his struggles to succeed in his movement for mass education in China. He conceived the idea in the firin& lines in France during World War I where he discovered that within 4 months a Chinese soldier was able to learn to read and write which was a farce in China. This convinced him of the effectiveness of mass education. He said that many fail "not becau1e they lack brains but because they lack the opportunity". The progress of a nation depends upon the educated masses. Thus, they should be given the opportunity for an education. The progress of the nation should not be worked from top down but from bottom up, he averred. The outstanding scholar and educator said "I must come to the people, to a village or barrio where the people is, not the city. I must not look upon them as aliens, but I as one of them, wear their kind of clothes, eat with them, sleep with them and be part of them. For from them I can get more facts about education and at the same time educate them." He pointed out that the prerequisites of an ideal mass education are: it must be fundamental (not basic), it must have economy of time, and it must be useful and practical. Mass education must serve to wipe out illiteracy, poverty, diseases and misgovernment. These are the objectives be sought to make mass education a success. But he ventured to say that one must have imagination and desire, self-confidence, faith and pride in order to succeed. He cited Rizal and Nathan Hale as examples of men who dedicated their lives to the cause of the masses. He advised the audience to follow in the footsteps of Rizal and be a Rizal some day for we need ll1llDJ' Rizals these days. He concluded his speech by saying that since be is specially interested in the education of the masses, he must start working for the progress of humanity by working from bottom up, where the foundation supports its success. NOTE: Dr. James Yen is an internationally recoi· nized Chinese educator and one of the ~atest ex· ponents of the mass education movement, a iraduate ot Yale University and considered one of the world's outstandini modern revolutionaries. He was one of the 10 outstandini men toiether with Einstein, Dewey and Henry Ford who were honored in 1943 at the 400th anniversary of Copernicus. -T. MONTOJO * * * * FORESTRY COMMUNITY CELEBRATES CHRISTMAS PROGRAM The traditional Christmas program was held on December 21, 1951, under the auspices of the Student Body Organization of the College of ForeStry. FORESTRY LEAVES Skit contests, lantern contests, songs, a tableau, etc. were the principal features of the affair. The results of the contests were: Winners: Skit Contest-Makiling Literary Club-1st Prize Pensionado Club-2nd Prize Sophomore Class-3rd Prize Lantern ContestLocal BCT, P.A.-lst Prize Second Prize--Sophomores Third Prize-Seniors A choral number, "Oh, Holy· Night" was rendered by the occupants of Dormitory House No. 1. The Seniors staged the spirit of the season by presenting a magnificent tableau of the nativity of Christ. Vocal solos were rendered by Messrs. Silverio Revilleza and Florencio Garnica, song birds of the Freshmen. There were exchanges of gifts managed by a Santa Claus. Professor Eugenio de la Cruz, Adviser of the Student Body Organization gave the closing remarks. Prize donors were: Professor Harold F. Cuzner, Miss Thelma Balagot, Mr. Domingo Jacalne, Mr. Domingo Lantican, Mr. Osiris Valderrama and Mr. Rodrigo Valbuena. Master of ceremonies was Mr. Jose Meniado, VicePresident of the SBO. -T. MONTOJO • • • • BUSINESS WITH A MESSAGE Mrs. Sulpicia B. Aquino, social worker and insurance underwriter, spoke before the college students taking Engineering during a recent visit on February 7, 1952. She impressed the students with her witty address in which she urged the value of savings. Her topic was "The Improvement of Economic Life." She congratulated the students for taking the Forestry course. She emphasized the value of savings to the students. According to her, savings is the foundation of the progress of a nation. Savings is a sign of love, for to save is to love. Now is the time to save-for tomorrow it would be too late. Life is home, life is a machinery. Time will come when that machinery will not work-save today to prepare for tomorrow. According to her, by savings we are contributing to the progress of the nation. In the last part of her talk she ezplained the meaning of insurance, its value and the security it gives to the insured. She then entertained questions from the students. She said that this is especially good only to those who do not drink, smoke nor drink cocacola too much. She mentioned the fact that here in forestry the students arj! healthy and do not waste their life unlike many of those in the city. She - a bright future for forestry students not only in the GRADUATION ISSUE---April, 1952 Government service but in private enterprise. Although her business is insurance, she gave the young men sincere, motherly advice. -T. MONTOJO • • • • TAMESIS TALKS TO STUDENT BODY Dean Florencio Tamesis talked before the student body on March 2, 1952. He had a trip to Japan and Europe and, in his talk, informed the students, among other things, of the causes of the confusion now prevailing in the Philippine-Japan timber trade. He revealed that the trouble lies mainly in nomenclature and partly in our inspection service which passes inferior logs for export to Japan. According to him, some unscrupulous log exporters had been sending such inferior species as Kupang and Lanipao to Japan as "white lauan". This has resulted in widespread losses to the Japanese traders and has harmed our timber export trade as the Japs have refused to accept the poor grade log. He de•cribed to the students several Japanese practices in the lumber trade most interesting of which was their method of selling logs by public auction. The buyers and the auctioners do so silently communicating with each other by means of signals with the hands. The dean also mentioned about the Japanese saw which has but one twentieth ( 1/20) of an inch sawkerf greatly reducing milling wastes. Mr. Tamesis brought with him samples of Japanese-made bamboo products, such as an ash tray, a bamboo mug and a laminated bamboo serving tray which resembles a high grade plastic product. In the rattan industry, the Dean informed the students of the Japanese method of cleaning rattan by the chemical process. Dean Tamesis also visited Rome where he attended the F AO conference. He revealed the formation of a Eucalyptus Commission and a Chestnut Commission, created to preserve and propagate those trees. The Dean observed that the people of Italy and other parts of Europe are forestry-conscious as evidenced by the fact that Arbor Day is celebrated for months in different localities. School children line up for the tree planting ceremonies with their parents behind them. From the French forest school at Nancy, Mr. Tamesis brou11:ht with him a new idea for a contraption which is of import to Dendrology students. There he found in use, a portable, collapsible, aluminum ladder which could be carried by one man alone-when folded.-F. P. • * * • SILVICULTURE CLASS VISITS REFORESTATION PROJECTS To supplement classroom lectures, the Silviculture 2 class under For. Teodoro Delizo made an on-thespot study of reforestation work under the Bureau Page 37 of Forestry. Believing that it is best 'to see actually the things· discussed in the classroom, the class visited the projects in BagUio and in Caniao, Vigan, Ilocos Sur. Since the forest in the Mt. Province are of almost pure pine, the officers explained to the students the procedure in pine reforestation which is slightly different from the general procedure followed with common trees. In Caniaw, the students saw how a good nursery could be built even on an unfavorable area. The sloping ground was easily made serviceable by terraces, and an exquisite water system provided with sufficient water for the plants. Brain and brawn solved the problem of a rocky terrain. * * * * FRESHMEN TAKE THREE EDUCATIONAL TRIPS This year's freshmen rounded up their education with three field trips under their respective professors. First relief from their monotonous campus routine was the Botany trip to Dalahican Beach on December 16, 1951. The freshies collected marine speciments and visited Perez Park in Lucena and the Sampaloc Lake in San Pablo City. On December 19, 1951, Professor Jose B. Blando, head of the English department and Miss Thelma C. Balagot, took the Freshies to Manila where they observed various operations in the press room of the ''Manila Times", and visited the San Miguel Brewery's Ice Cream and Cartoon plants and Bottle Factory. Immediately after the Christmas holidays, on January 3-6, 1952, the Freshmen took to the field again, this time under Dendrology Professor Calixto Mabesa. The class entrained for Tagkauayan, Quezon where they studied swaµipland species of trees as well as the dipterocarp forests deep in the interior. Aside from Professor Mabesa, the freshmen were accompanied by Dr. A. V. Manza and Ranger Rodrigo Valbuena, assistant instructor in Dendrology. While in Tagkauayan, the students were aided by Forester E. K. Santos, Ranger Ordonez, Ex-Ranger Panaligan and other personnel of the local forest station.-T. M. MONTOJO * * * * ORATORICAL CONTEST AND SPANISH DECLAMATION TILT WINNERS In the afternoon of March 29, the ninth oratorical contest and Spanish declamation contest under the auspices of the Makiling Literary Club were held. Winners in the Oratorical contest: 1st, Jose A. Cruz ( prize--gold medal from Speaker Perez) ; 2nd, Raymundo Acosta ( prize--silver medal from Hon. Cipriano S. Allas) ; and 3rd, Feliciano Barrer (prize-Page 38 books from Forester P. San Buenpventura). Win. nars in the Spanish D~clamation Contest: 1st, Filiberto Pollisco ( prize--book from Forester H. Cuz11e.r) ; 2nd, Feliciano Barrer ( prue--book from Forester F. Assiddao); and 3rd, Pedro Agustin (prize -book from "Forestry Leaves). Judges for the oration were: For. Felix Franco (chairman), Mrs. M. Sevilla and Miss Balagot, members. * * * * LAND CLASSIFICATION . (Continued from page 14) mic structure of our country? These are the questions which we should ask ourselves before we sacrifice forest land still containing valuable timber and other important forest products in favor of agriculture. A little of the future should be sacrificed for the sake of saving the present. Of what has already been set aside by the Bureau of Forestry from these vast forest resources as portions of the permanent forestry heritage for posterity, it is expected that the other government agencies that have something to do in the development of agriculture should so respect the wisdom why they should no longer count these areas in any tentative program of making further sacrificial destruction. Thus, the thought of saving what is left of utility for posterity in this world of growing things is an inspiring hope for .those who are coming after us. AN ORCHID OR ... (Continued from page 33) ciency, for which Director Fischer and his associates deserve praise and commendation. (Sgd.) EULOGIO RODRIGUEZ Secretary of Agriculture and Commerce" Remember the Bell Mission Report last year which singled out our Bureau for efficiency? We have been keeping up to tradition.-J.D. The faith that overcomes every obstacle in the world is the faith that 'refuses to accept apparent opposition and defeat. -L. Stevens Hatfield FORESTRY LEAVES U.P. President Tan delivering his brief speech. Mrs. Winslow L. Gooch cutting the ribbon for the Pensionado Club ·s donation-a rest and wciiting station. PICTORlAL Moving-Up· Scenes B.S.F. Cl. '52 graduates pose with U.P. Pre11ident Tan, Dean Tamesis, Forester - in - Charge Cuzner and Adviser (of class) Blando. Part of the audience in th convocation program o the M o vi n g Up Da1 (March 29). Mrs. Florencio Tamesis cutting the ribbon, signaling the opening to the public ot the Senior Class '52 pair - of - concrete benches donation. ltu1enio de la Cruz, B.S.F. (Idaho); M.F. (Yale) Professor of Forest Policy and History Emiliano F. Roldan, B.Agr., B.S.A., M.S.A. (U.P.); A.M. (Illinois) Assistant Professor of Forest Pathology Hloollto B. Marcelo, B.S.11'. (U.P.) Inatructor in Fore« Manajement Calixto Mabesa, B.S., M.F. (Syracuse) Professor of Forest Produt."'ts Rosario T. Cortes, B.S.F., M.F. (Washington) Instructor in Wood Technology !'elipe Lopez, B.S.A. (U.P.) Gre1orio Zamuco, B.S.F. (Wuhington); M.F. (Yale) Aaociate Profeuor of Forest Utilization Nicanor P. Lalog, B.S.F. (U.P.) Instructor in Forest Management Ciriaco Galutira. A.S. <U.P.J Assistant Instructo1· Botany 111 Assistant Instructor i11 Forest Surveying Florendo Tamem, B.S.F., (Wuhinston) Prolel90r of Lumberi114 DMD of the Collep of Fol'4 Teodoro Delizo, B.S.F. (U.P.) Instructor in Silviculture Thelma Balagot, A.B. (U.P.) Instructor in Englilli .f'icultp Harold Cumer, B.S.F. · (Minnesota) Professor of Silviculture and Physio4raphy Forester in Chara:e of the College of Forettry f"roilan Rosquete, B.B.A. (Univ. of Maniia) Instructor in Accounting Chief Clerk; Collecting and .Disbursing Officer Artemio V. Manza, B.Agr., B.S.A. (U.P.); Ph.D. (California) Assistant Professor of Botany and Dendrology Felix 0. Chinte1 B.S.F . (U.P .) Instructor in Forest Management >mingo Lantican, B.S.F. (U.P.) Domint:o .Jacalne. B.S.F. nstnic:tor in Forest Products (U.P. i Assistant Instructor in Silviculture Jose B. Blando, A.B. ( Washincton) A99iatant Profe110r of Enalish and Spanish Martin Lagrimas, A.S.C. (National Univ.); B.S.F. (U.P.) Assista n t Instructor i n Wood Technology Rodrigo Vaibuena, B.S.F. -(U.P.) Anietant lmtruc:tor in Dendroloey. Doroteo Soriant1, B.S.F. (U.P.) Associate Profe910r Foreet Surveying Francieco Tamolang, B.S. (U.P.) Inetructor in Dendrolo6, Iii Forest En1ineerin4 ()Uris Valderrama, B.S.F. CU.P.) Instructor in Forest Engineering Jj. ~. jf. Class '52 Prof. Jose B. Blando, Adviser Rodrigo Ardieta Los Baiios, Laguna Captain, ROTC (Los Banos Unit) Auditor, Zeta Beta Rho Dean Florencio Tamesis Mario A. Eusebio Los Baiios, Laguna Representative, U.P. Senior Student Council College Editor, "Philippinensian" Prof. Harold Cuzner Forester-in-Charge Segundo Fernandez President, Forestry Student Body Organization, 2nd semester 19511952 Ll.B. 1§. ~. jf. Class '52 Faustino C. Francia Cabanatuan City President, Zeta Beta Rho ( 1951-1952) Member, Phi Kappa Phi Suthi S. Harsongkram Bangkok, Thailand Letterman, Soccer Football Team, U.P. Member, Makiling Literary Club Feliciano B. Gantaue Victoria, Tarlac U.P. Letterman, Track and Field Team, 1932-1933; Auditor, Student Body, 1st semester, 19511952. Domingo de Leon Candelaria, Zambales Representative, U.P. Senior Student Council, 1951-1952. Representative, U.P. Junior Council, 1950-1951. Alfredo L. Genio Sorsogon, Sorsogon Class Auditor, 1951-1952 Member. Makiling Literary Club Evangelino F. Malacoco Sta. Cruz, Laguna President, Junior Class (1950-51) and Senior Class (1951-52). Member, Beta Sigma Rho 161. &>. jf. Class '52 ~~lio S .. Mejia -'.t}i~rf, Paniaa/11911 :'"8su11tr, Forestry Senior Clasa ·~·nization ]~~. Pensionado Club nstancio F. Reyes liege of Forestry, liege, Laguna 1istant Editor, "Forestry Leavea" Tranquilino Orden, Jr. Dupai, Nueva Vi.r:caya Vfoe-President, U.P. Student Council President, Pensionado Club Martin R. Reyes Badoc, llocos Norte President, Student Body Organi.r:lltion, 1st Semester, 1951-1952 Editor-in-Chief, "Forestry Leaves" Likhit Prankongsai Bangkok, Thailand Letterman, Soccer Football Team, U.P. Member, Beta Sigma Conrado B. Tadeo Bangued, Abra Secretary, Pensionedo Club Secretary, Senior Class Dr. Artemio Manza Adviser Justino B. Bernardo Papaya, Nueva Ecija Damaso de la Cruz San Nicolas, Pangasinan !\anger Cla1)1) '52 Feliciano V. Barrer Manaoag, Pangasinan President, Sophomore Domingo P . Cimatu Baggao, Cagayan Jose B. Atop Candelaria, Zambales Vice President, Sophomo Silvestre D. Buenaflor Bacolod City, ·Negros Oc Hipolito 0. Estoque Agoo, La Union Francisco M . Flores San Fernando, La Union Urbano G . Gonzales Bambang, Nueva Vizcaya Sgt.-at-Arms, Sophomore Francisco D. Milan Aritao, Nueva Vizcava Delfin G . Ganapin Victoria. Tarlac Marciano E. Guile Candijay, Bohol Julio G. Orantia Infante, Quezon Jose A. Gonzales Villasis, Pangasinan Auditor, Sophomore Alfonso A. Lucero Cuyo, Palawan Feliberto S. Pollisco Zamboane:a Citv Pedro C. Reyes Sta. Maria. Ilocos Sur Marcelo V. Soliven Rosales, Pangasinan Napoleon T. Vergara Mangatarem, Pangasinan 'D---- -- - .o.. - 4! -· - T•n . •1 "' 1'1 Emeterio V. Rodulfa San Nicolas. Pangasinan Radigundo A. Soria Alicia, Isabela Marcelo J. Urbano Solano, Nueva Vizcaya David S. Serrano Papaya, Nueva Viscaya Epifania L. Tamis Los Banos, Laguna Alfonso I. Tiam Bavombong, Nueva Viscaya CLASS ORGANIZATIONS AND ATHLETICS Sophomore Class Organization, Serond Semester, 1951-52. Freshman Class Organization, Serond Semester, 1951-52. The F.Y.C. champions with their trophy won in the Moving Up Day Games. Francisro Milan, Ranger Cl. '52: Fleet-loot from Forestry, Presentation ol the Seniors by the Class Ad· viser (left), Prof. J. B. Blando. These old "timbers" may be singing along, "Winter is on my head but spring is in my hearf'. (Foresters Gooch, Cruz, San Buenaventura and Madrid). 3unior ~rom Scenes Presentation of the Juniors by the Class Adviser (left), Dr. A. V. Manza. L to R : C. B. Serna, M. Sagrado, J. Meniado, E. Marin, B. Jasmin, B. Balcita, H . Esteves, J. A. Cruz (Vice-President) and M. Maca· beo (President) . Not in picture: B. Almonte, J. Avellano and A. Tiam. By the "lake" with an island, in the grove, they danced. Members ol the Society pose Jor a group picture during a recess in the ronlerence. Under - Secretary Camus with Norris Dodd Director-General of the F AO, and Deans Tamesis and Uichanro, FAO, ECA ollicials, etc. at the lawn-garden ol Prof. & Mrs. E. de la Cruz, overlooking Laguna de Bay. Three years-10 months old cinchona trees in the nursery at Mt. Makiling, Laguna. (Average height-7.7 meters; diameter (B.H.)13.8 cm. Here ana SOCIETY OF FILIPINO FORESTERS IN CONVENTION Forestry Advisor Winslow L. Gooch speaking be/ore the Society ol Filipino Foresters, March 30, 1952. OTHER MAXILING MARKS There MEMORIAL TREE PLANTINGS President Quirino in Virac, Catanduanes (March 5, 1952) Vice-President Lopez at Quezon Park, Davao City, Aug. 10, 1951. Forestry Expert Gooch at Quezon Park, Davao City, Aug. 10, 1951. Under-Secretary Camus at Quezon Park, Da-· vao City, Aug. 10, 1951. Mayor Villegas at Guihuliigan Park, Guihul.. iigan, Neg. Or. ~onor~ SOCIALS AND PUBLIC RELATIONS Miu Evelyn Olay, "Forestry Muse" and her consort, with Mrs. Mariquit J. Lopez and Director Florencio Tamesis. Forest officers in Daet, Camarines Norte •ith their "forest products" make merry on :hristmas Eve, 1951, The big man is Provinial Forester Nablo. Manifestation of tree Consciousness in Buidnon. Unique forest products display on Garden Day in Echague, lsabela. Quezon Provincial Forester Rafael San Pedro receiving a certificate of appreciation from Secretary of Health Juan Salcedo, Jr. The lady looking on is Mrs. Gregorio Santayana, wife of the former Gov., Santayana. Director Tamesis delivering a speech during the banquet given in his honor and Mr. W. L. Gooch by the Davao Lumbermen and othet forestry patrons at the Kwong Lee Restaurant on August 12, 1951. -~------B. F. CENTRAL OFFICE In the annual meeting of the Bureau of Forestry Chapter of the Philippine Government Employees' Association on December 14, 1951, the following officers were elected for the year 1952: Dorotea Soriano, Chairman (reelected); Placido Dacanay, Vice Chairman (reelected); Juan Daproza, Secretary (reelected); Atty. Juan Acogido, Treasurer (reelected); Severo Oliveros, Auditor (reelected); Jose Viado (reelected) and Valentin Sajor, delegates. As gleaned from the fourth and fifth annual reports of the Forestry PGEA Chapter covering the period from January 16, 1950 to December 15, 1951, seven resolutions were unanimously adopted, namely: (1) On the 53rd Birthday of Speaker Eugenio Perez on November 13, 1950; ( 2) On the 59th Birthday of President Elpidio Quirino on November 16, 1950 (in transcript form); ( 3) Request for three-month Christmas bonus, September 9, 1950; ( 4) Prays that ·the General Manager of the GSIS requires his employees to make overtime for . the purpose of improving and bringing up to a high level of efficiency the much desired up-to-date insurance service as basis for giving bonuses, allowances and promotions; (5) Requests the President of the Philippines to give directives to the PRISCO and NARIC to help cooperatives run by the Bureaus and other entities by facilitating the giving of_ commodities at a reasonable percentag, of the price to make these cooperatives earn profit for operating expenses, and further requests those two corporations to help stabilize and lower the general prices of prime commodities in the market as direct help to the laborers and employees who are receiving below living wages; (6) Requests the President and both Chambers of the Philippine Congress to work for the passage of a law exempting cooperatives run by Bureaus from paying taxes similar to the ·exemption then enjoyed by Bureau cooperatives before the war and further resolved that copies of the resolution be furnished the President and Congress, and; ( 7) Expression of profound gratitude, appreciation and congratulations by the Forestry chapter to GRADUATION lssUE--April, 1952 Notes---the President of the Philippines for his exemplary leadership in the prosecution of free, clean, and honest elections. The last four resolutions were unanimously approved by ·the delegates of the Sixth Annual Convention. * * * * FORESTRY BOWLING TEAM COPS THIRD PRIZE The Bureau of Forestry Bowling Team won the third prize iii a bowling tournament sponsored by the MRR Cooperative Association Inc. from November 21 to January 30, 1952. A cup donated by Congressman Engracia Clemefia was awarded to the team which is composed of the following: Pio Solomon, captain; Vicente de la Cruz, Arsenic Azurin, Bonifacio Palos, Arcadio Calabas, Amado Cosico, and Tomas N. Roque, who is the team's manager. * * * * NRS SECTION OF FORESTRY HOLDS MEETING The National Research Council of the Philippines, Section of Forestry, held its meeting on February 2, 1952, at the Bureau of Forestry Building, it was reported by Secretary Valentin Sajor. Taken up was the exchange of views on matten pertaining to the forthcoming Eighth Pacific Science Congress scheduled on October-November of next year on the U. P. Campus, Diliman, Quezon City. In this connection, it was learned from Chairman Placido Dacanay that non-members of the Council can present papers, the preparation of which is until March 1953. It seems that the Los Baiios Section members are ahead in the. preparation of papen as Forester Eugenio de la Cruz, Chief, Division of Forest Investigation, revealed that three papers are being prepared by them. Forester Tiburcio Serevo, who had been in the United States, talked on the integrated forestry practice under a 100-year Forest Management Plan of the Simpson Logging Company in the Olympic National Forest, located in the Olympic Peninsula, state of Washington. The talk was very interesting, lively and· instructive. Questions were asked on the various points and aspects presented. The speaker, however, cautioned its application in the Philippines as conPage 39 ditions are different. (Article published elsewhere in this issue) . The last part of the meeting was a brief deliberation on the address of Director Florencio Tamesis, entitled "The Need For An Integrated Forest Industry", delivered before the Manila Rotarians on May 17, 1951. The discrepancy of figures and in this speech and those compiled lately was explained. FIELD SERVICE FORESTRY FEES AND CHARGES* (Extract from outline of talk delivered on December Us, 1951 by Provincial Forester Severino U. Nablo to the Municipal Treasurers of Camarines Norte in their Seminar held in the office and under the guidance of the Provincial Treasurer) I. Forestry fees. 1. Forest charaes: (a) Timber: 1st group· ........ . 2nd group 3rd group 4th group Ebony stripped of sapwood. Camagon stripped ~f sapwood Malave stripped of sapwood (b) Firewood: Bacauan, lafigaP3.SO per cu. m. 2.00 per cu. m. 1.25 per cu. m. 0.60 per cu. m. 6.00 per cu. m. 5.00 per cu. m. 4.00 per cu. m. ray, pototan & tafigal . . . . P0.40 per cu. m. Other woods . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 per cu. m. (c) Minor forest products: 10% of the market value thereof (sec. 269, Com. Act 466) Market value: To be determined by a joint assessment of the Coll. of Int. Revenue and the Dir. of Forestry to be approved by their respective Dept. Heads. Forest products unassessed: Cen be gathered free of charge, like alinsanay (wild abaca) growing in forest lands. (d) Unregistered Private Lands: Above charges are collectible on all forest products cut, gathered and removed from any private land not registered with the Director of Forestry (Sec. 266 of Com. Act 466, as amended by Rep. Act 173, approved June 30, 1947). (e) Registered Private Lands: No forest charges collectible on forest products cut in and removed from regiatared private woodlands, but they must be invoiced as usual *Ed. Note: This is a sample guide that provincial foresters may use in conferences with Municipal Treasu~ers and may serve a handy reference on the various charges and fees. Page 40 to avoid the imposition of penalty for transporting w/o invoice and discharging w/o permit. (f) Mining timber: Half of above charges to be collected when timber is cut on public lands other than covered by mining claims (cutting to be under license, of course). (g) Orchids & other protected wild plants (Act 3983) and For Adm. Order 10): Waling-waling ....... . Mariposa or butterfly orchid Tigre ....... . Birds' nest fem . . . . Stag-horn fern . . . . Anahau ............. . PO.SO/plant 0.05/plant 0.10/plant 0.05/plant 0.10/plant 0.05/plant Etc.-Distribute list showing other plants. (h) Illegalities (Sec. 267 of Com. Act 466 as amended by Rep. Act 434 effective June 7, 1950): 1. For cutting w/o license or in violation of the terms thereof and of forest and revenue laws and regulations, add to regular, 300%. 2. For transporting w/o invoice, add to regular 25%. 3. For discharging w Io permit, add to regular 25%. 4. For delay in payment, add to regular 25%. 2. Reforestation fund (Rep. Act 115 & For. Adm. Order 11): ( 1) 1st & 2nd group timber . . . . PO.SO per cu. m. 3rd & 4th g;oup timber . . . . .40 per cu. m. (2) To be PAID within .a period of 60 days from date of demand. (3) For FAILURE to pay on time: Fina of PS00.00 plus Surcharge of 25% of the amount due. ( 4) Mode of collecting-Payment to be acknowledged under Special Official Receipts. ( S) Monthly report of collections-Collecting officers to report and remit their collections during the preceding month to Prov. Treasurer within first 10 days of month. Reforestation fund should not be reported as part of forest charges. 3. License f-s: (1) Licenses (commercial) for timber and minor products: (a) Application fee-PS.00 nummum; but PS.00 for every 500 Has. in the case of timber & firewood. (b) License £-Minimum: PS.00, but may be more depending upon stand, area, allowable cut, value, etc. in the case of timber, firewood, charcoal, almaciga, pili resin, rattan or diliman. =Average forest charges per cu. m. z 2% x Allowable cut yearly. FORESTRY LEAVES (2) Gratuitous licenses: (a) Private Grat. Licenses--PS.00 per license. ( b) Miners'· Grat. Licenses--P2.00 per claim. ( 3) Sawmills, Operation of: Daily Output in bd. It. 1- 2,000 2,001- 4,000 4,001- 6,000 6,001- 8,000 8,001-10,000 10,001-15,000 15,001-20,000 20,001-25,000 25,001-30,000 30,001-and over .. (4) Hunting licenses: (a) For small game . . . . . . (b) For big game ..... . (c) For small and big game ( 5) Protected wild plants: (a) License fees: Annual lee p 100.00 200.00 300.00 400.00 500.00 600.00 700.00 800.00 900.00 1,000.00 P2.00 4.00 6.00 Collectors' license . . . . . . . . . . . . P30.00 · Personal or semi-public gratuitous Iicense ............... . (b) Fees for permits to transport: 24 wild plants or less . . . . . . 25-50 wild plants or less ..... . SO and up--wild plants or less. . . ( 6) Grading, scaling and identification: (a) For grading and/or identification of lumber; for each M. bd. ft. or fraction thereof . . . . . . . . . . ( b) For grading or identification and/ or scaling of logs, squared or round, S.00 Pl.00 2.00 3.50 Pl.00 for each M. bd. ft. or fraction thereof (B.F. scale) . . . . . . . . 1.00 ( c) Identification and certification of wood specimimt or samples . . P2 to P20 depending upon the no. of pcs. ( 7) Private woodland registration fees: Application fee . . P 2.08 Registration fee . . . . . . . . . . 5.00 Inspection fee: If area is not more than 10 Has. If area is 11 to 25 Has .. . If area is 26 to 100 Has .. . If area is 101 to 1000 Has. If area is over 1000 Has. (8) Special use permits: 5.00 10.00 0.30/Ha. 0.20/Ha. 0.15/Ha. For each application for the use of public forest lands, we charge application fees varying in amounts from Pl.00 (For kaiiigin permit) to PS.00, depending upon the kind of application. When the application is approved, the permit is issued upon the payment of yearly rentals GRAl>VATION ISS\JB--o-April, 1952 ranging from P0.60 (for pasture) to PS.00 per hectare. Application fees are payable only to the -Director of Forestry, but rentals may be paid to the Municipal Treasurer concerned. (9) Fee for administering oath, and other fees: (a) For administration of oath on every application for forestry licenses, permits or leases .................. Pl.00 (b) Preparation of affidavits, per affidavit .................... P2.00 (c) Certification as to whether or not mining claims are inside Com. For., for reservee, nat. parks, etc. . . . . . . . . . . P20.00 up Etc. 4. Observationa: ( 1) Necessity for Treasurers to keep permanent and good record of all forestry invoices submitted for collection. While some Treasurers keep good track of their auxiliary invoices, yet some are found much wanting and . show very little interest in effecting collection. ( 2) The importance of notifying, in writing, all defendants (shown on auxiliary invoices) as soon as the invoices are received for collection and demanding payment thereof. This ought. to be made a policy on the part of collecting treasurers so as not to give ground or reason to defendants to claim for consideration on the ground of unawareness. Of course, this is not so very necessary in order to impose the 25% surcharge for delay in paying since this is mandatory. Sec. 267 of Com. Act 466 and Sec. 41 (g) of Regulations No. 85 require the imposition of 25% surcharge if charges are "not/ paid within 60 days after the same sha~ be due and payable". And Sec. 273 o Com. Act 466 specifies that "charge1 o forest products shall be payable at th~ time of the removal of the same from the' forests"; And we should make the demand to give the defendants the benefits of the doubt. (3) The necessity for Treasurers to return to the forest station concerned the letter of transmittal accompanying each auxiliary invoice, with the data called for at the bottom thereof duly filled in, when said invoice i• paid. ( 4) Special Official Receipts-not the . Official Receipts--should be used to acknowledge all payments for the Reforestation Funds. ( 5) Call attention of Treasurers to Rep. Act. No. 371, approved on June 24, 1949, which prO« vides that Pace 41