The Nation

Media

Part of The Nation

Title: The Nation
Issue Date: Volume I (Issue No. 1) July 1945
Year: 1945
Language: English
Rights
Place of publication: Manila
extracted text: HISTORIC SPEECHES • By General of the Army; Douglas MacArthur • By President SERGIO USMEÑA ® By Senate President MANUEL A. ROXAS • IS THIS OUR COUNTRY? If not, Where Is It? • A PRESIDENT A NIK HIS SONS A Great Man Holds the Nation’s Interests, over Fatherhood. • OSMEÑA VS. ROXAS An Analysis and a Pro phecy by One Who Knows. • FATHER, WE ARE HUNGRY A Short-Story and MORE THAN ONE HOUR OF GOOD READING Philippine Engineering Corporation MANUFACTURERS — BUILDERS — MACHINERY DEALERS MACHINE SHOP AT 9.36 RAON, QUIAPO Cvju 1\ 1 JLO ELIZALDE & CO. TANDVAY DISTILLL The NATION Vol. I, No. 1 July, 1945 IN THIS ISSUE Page • A President and His Sons............. 5 Antonio Zacarias • OSMEÑA VS. ROXAS............................... 6 Andres Zaldivar • Either ... 0,r ......... ............................ 9 S. Artiaga, Jr. • Is This Our Country?...................... 11 J. M. H. • 1*600 for Our Short-Story Writers 13 • Liberty for One and All................ 14 Efrain Ma. Guerrero • What is the Yardstick of Loyal ty? .................................................... 16 J. R. Nuguid • Wanted : A Civilized Style........... 18 Antonio Estrada • Meeting: Post-Invasion (poem) 20 Sgt. Harry Eckstein • Father .. . We Are Hungry ! .... 22 Oscar de Zuñiga • Historic Speeches I. President Sergio Osmeña ... 24 II. Gen. Douglas MacArthur ... 25 III. President Sergio Osmeña (Re ply) ....................... 26 IV. President Sergio Osmeña (Ex cerpts) ......................v.. 29 V. Senate President Manuel A. Roxas .........................., „........... 30 • List of High Gov’t Officials .... 32 • The Nation’s Parrot Speaks .... 34 Ye Editor JULY, 1945 The NATION is published monthly by the Leoo Publishing Company at 983 P. Noval st., Manila, Philippines. Price per copy, Pl .00. Subscription rate, P10 the year.—Articles on subjects of immediate in terest and short stories from 1,000 to 2,000 words are acceptable, for publication at regular rates set by the> publishers.—Editor: Jose Villa Panganiban. Associate, Editors, Antonio Zacarias and Santiago Artiaga, Jr. Business Manager, Roque Jaramilla. Advertising Manager, Ernesto Francia. Our Heartfelt GREETINGS TO THE U.S. SERVICEMEN on the occasion of July 4th King's Hotel & RESTAURANT ® AMERICAN & CHINESE DISHES ® FIRST CLASS LIQUORS ® REFRESHMENTS ® ICE CREAM ® SOFT DRINKS Spacious and Well Ventilated Rooms 1080 R. Hidalgo Quiapo, Manila ON THEOCCASION OF JULY 4th Wp- Extend the U.S. Sailors and Servicemen Our Greetings 1 QUIAPO BAR & GESTALGANT $70 Quezon‘Hl vd. \ We Serve American & Chinese Dishes SAFE LIQUORS—COLD DRINKS WELL VENTILATED MUSIC FURNISHEOl BY “JUKE BOX" 8 ATTENTION! ACIDS; ® ® ® ® ® ® ® NITRIC SULFURIC MURIATIC CITRIC ACETIC BORIC OXALIC POWDERS ® ® ® ® ® ® ® TALCUM CALCIUM C. ZINC OXIDE BORAX MAGNESIUM C. CHARCOAL SULPHUR CASSEROLES . . all kinds . PORCELAIN MEDICAL INSTRUMENTS EMPTY DRUG BOTTLES cotfTV n’>ca,s pruOs i ab°fa CHEMICALS ESSENTIAL OILS FOOD COLORS ANILINE DYES BASIC COLORS BALANCES SCALES MICROSCOPES MES. CYLINDERS ALCOHOLMETERS HYDROMETERS FUNNELS BEAKERS CONDENSERS & CHEMICALS KING’S DRUGS LABORATORY EQUIPMENT YU KING (YU PUE TEK), Proprietor 720 BAMBANG ST. MANILA 4 The NATION A President By ANTONIO ZACARIAS and * * ♦ tion. His Sons President Sergio Osmeña is called The Sphinx, because of his moderateness, his quietness, his aversion to clear-cut commitments and his general unassuming attitude. Even in America, where the Coolidge type of politician is not usual, journalists have dubbed him “genial” and “smiling” but because of his natural reticence they have called him the prototype of the oriental statesman. After more than three years of absence, during which he toiled and suffered in a foreign land, burdened by sorrow and grief at the mere thought of the atrocities and devastation wrought upon his beloved country by a ruthless in vader, he has come back to his native soil laden with the tremen dous responsibilities of the Pre sidency. His beaming smiles, his hearty handshake and his outward manifestations of joy for the liberation of his country, have not wiped out the deep wrinkles in his face nor the worried look in his eyes. Those who know him and love him can not but think that here is a man, a brave old man, over grieved and over burdened with work, facing the monumental task of guiding the destinies of a nation in the most crucial period of its history. But it is not only Osmeña the President who bears a heavy load of worries and responsibilities. Osmeña the man, Osmeña the father, has been badly hit by the war, for in truth he can face his countrymen and tell them that he, as much as any Filipino has offered at the altars of the Fatherland his generous sacrifice of “blood, sweat and tears'’. Are there many Filipino parents who have lost five sons in this war? That has been exactly the contribution of Osmeña to the common cause. Is it, therefore, surprising that he looks? today more gloomy and reticent and that even his famous smile carries a tinge of melancholy? Sergio Osmeña, by his first mar riage, had several daughters and six sons. Of the latter, he has lost five. Three are dead and two are now in prison. His eldest, Nicasio, was a constant headache to his father. He still is today. An inveterate playboy and a spendthrift he threw away his in heritance in a couple of years. During the Nip occupation, he was often seen around with important Japs and he occupied the luxurious offices of the late Major Stevenot in the Long Distance Telephone Building. In 1944, he was shot in the Trocadero Night Club by some body, presumably a guerillero. He is now languishing in Muntinglupa, accused of collaboration with the Japs. His brother, Sergio jr., a graduate of an American Uni versity, shares the same fate. During the Jap ’regime, he had a big “buy and s^ll” business in the Escolta and he is accused of sell ing war materials to the enemy. Jose Osmeña, another playboy, was killed in Negros during the first months of the Jap occupa tion, together with a former colo nel of the Philippine Constabulary. This colonel and the young Osmeña were sent by the Japs to pacify the Negros region. They were provided with an armed escort of Filipinos, but it turned out that the guards were undercover guer rillas, and so one lonely night, in a secluded spot, they turned their guns on the heads of the expedíTeodoro and Emilio died a hero’s death. Teodoro was leader of a guerrilla outfit. In an encounter with the Japs he was killed to gether with some of his men. Emilio, who was a doctor, be longed to the U.S. army. Some time after the occupation of Cebu, he was caught by the Japs. He was offered release if he would sign a document pledging alle giance to the Jap regime and pro mising never again to take arms against Japan. He firmly refused, alleging that he was an officer of the U.S. Army and that he was honor bound to maintain his oath of loyalty. He claimed that he should be treated as a prisoner of war. He was executed. This is the intimate, poignant, story of the President and his sons. The sheer weight of the work and the responsibilities of the Pre sidency is enough to break down any man, but if to this weigh! you add the continuous worries and the constant bleeding of a fa ther’s heart you may have a clearer picture of the man who heads the Commonwealth today. JULY, 1945 5 Osmeña vs. Roxas • By Andres Zaldivar The role of forecaster is always disagreeable and difficult. Fur thermore, if the forecast is about political contests it is an absolute certainty that the writer will find plenty of contradiction and abuse. The least that will be' said about him is that he is a self-conceited ignoramus. We are not deterred by this consideration, for we know that political writers must be pre pared to stand a lot of criticism and insult. What we should like to avoid is being called partial or biased, for we shall try to answer the burning question in all honesty, basing our computations on facts about national and local politics exactly as we see them. The coming presidential fight in all probability will be a duel be tween Sergio Osmeña and Manuel Acuña Roxas. What their chances will be four months from now, no body can accurately say. Roxas seems to have the edge at this mo ment, but no matter how big his lead may be the advantage may be overcome by his opponent whose experience and sagacity must al ways be reckoned with. The pre sent forecast will only try to an swer the question of who would be the probable choice were the elections to held tomorrow. The answer to it is: sedinitely ROXAS. The first factor that should be analyzed is who will be the Vicepresidential candidates and their vote pulling capacities. The Pre sident, at this moment, seems to be undecided between Carlos P. Romulo and Eulogio Rodriguez Sr. The choice must apparently fall upon somebody from Luzon because the President is from the Visayas. As far as vote pulling goes, Rodriguez would be perhaps considered more valuable, for he can dump into the presidential wagon an overwhelming majority of the Rizal votes. In the case of Romulo, he can not claim political ascendency in any particular re gion or province. But should the A Preview of Their Chances To Be Elected Next President of the Commonwealth the Our Past and Present Presidents. Who will be the next? qualifications of the candidate for Vice-President become one of the election issues (Time Magazine, June 11, calls Osmeña the “aging” and “ailing” President), Romulo might become more valuable as running-mate. On the Roxas tic ket, Quirino’s name is the only one under consideration. He is from Luzon and he can command a size able portion of the Ilocano votes. Next to the Vice-presidency, the issue of “collaborátion” will be an important factor, for it may de cide the final alignment of the most influential politicians in the different districts and provinces. The situation today stands pret ty clearly. Since both presidential candidates hail from the Visayas, let us study their respective followings in the biggest Visayan provinces. Cebu, Osmeña’s baili wick, will give him a majority. How big or small this majority may turn out, will depend on how efficiently the opposing Cuenco faction may handle its own forces. If we give Osmeña a 70% score in Cebu, the guess will be quite safe. Bohol will also go for Osmeña be cause of his personal following and for the solid backing that he gets from Senator Garcia who is now the undisputed leader of the pro vince. The Osmeña lead in these two provinces will be overcome and surpassed by the Roxas votes in Iloilo, Capiz and Antique. The Senate President can be sure of a very big majority in the Island of Panay, provided he can retain the support of Speaker Zuleta. Negros Occidental will appear in the Ro xas column. The Alunan faction is solidly behind him (HernaezMontelibano - Lizares-Coscolluela), while the Yulo faction is divided, with Magalona going for Osmeña, and Gonzaga and Vargas for Roxos. Negros Oriental is doubtful. With the complete elimination of the Villanuevas from the political scene, there is no doubt that the votes of Negros Oriental are con trolled by the Romero-Teves Com bination. Although both of them seem to be partial towards Roxas now, it is entirely possible that they may change sides or that their team may be split, because Romero is of Speakership caliber and he may have an eye to that position. Leyte, a fairly big pro vince, does not have a political boss, and must be studied by dis6 The NATION ft _ A _ ■ ft I _ _ JExpert Shoemaker Captain Blood *sh:a“ A. MARTIZON, Prop. 147 BUSTILLOS NEW MANILA LUMBER CO. LUMBER DEALERS 1136 Azcarraga Corner Sanchez tricts. Of its five Congressmen, only two are now available (Montejo and Canonoy). The remain ing three (Tan, Oppus and Veloso) are in Muntinglupa, accused of collaboration. Nothing definite is known of Monte jo’s and Qanonoy's leanings, but it is safe to assume that the followers of Tan, Oppus and Veloso will back Roxas. The most that can be given to Osmeña in Leyte is a fifty-fifty chance. Samar is also an unknown factor, be.cause the man who will sway its votes in a decisive way is not yet committed to anybody. This man is ex-Secretary Avelino. Mindanao has fewer votes than either Luzon or Visayas. .As a matter of fact, until now the votes of Mindanao have not .been de cisive in any national elections. But in a very close fight, which the coming one may turn out to be, the way Mindanao votes may be th'e deciding factor. Lack of fairly accurate data makes it ex tremely difficult to gauge the si tuation in Mindanao. However, we may assume that in the north ern provinces, where the Cebuano population is predominant, Osmeña will have an edge. In Misamis Oriental, the Vamenta-Artadi fac tion holds the balance. Vamenta may go for Roxas, but Artadi’s stand is uncertain. In Misamis Occidental, Roxas will have a ma jority because the Ozamiz faction will probably support him. Stuart del Rosário may also side with him. In Zamboanga there will be a close fight, because votes will be split between the Lorenzo and Alano factions, the former going for Osmeña and the latter for Ro xas. Cotabato may go to Osmeña, because Datu Piang seems to sup port him, while Davao will be for Osmeña or Roxas as Sarenas may choose to go. pear in the Congressnian support him. Roxas, Lanao the Cabili votes will certainly go to Osmeña. Bukidnon Mil give Roxas a clean majority, because of the support of the Fortich fac tion. Lanao may also apOsmeña column, if Lluch decides to If Luch goes for will be divided, for It is Luzon, at any rate, that JULY, 1945 will decide the contest. It is not only the biggest voting region, but the fact is that actual voting will be heaviest in Luzon because here normal conditions have been res tored more quickly. And the gene ral situation in Luzon does not look very encouraging for Osmeña. The llocos region, comprising the big provinces of Abra, Caga yan, Isabela, llocos Norte, llocos Sur, La Union and Zambales, will give Roxas an overwhelming ma jority. Quirino will be able to swing many votes, Paredes, fol lowers, because of the Osmeña faction’s attacks on “collabora tors”, will side with Roxas, Arranz will commahd a majority in Cagayan and Isabela, the factions of both Ortega and Osias in La Union will support the Senate President, ahd even in Zambales Anonas and Afable will support, “smart, swart, Brigadier General Roxas” (Time, June 11). On the basis of the inclinations of the incumbent Congressmen, Pangasin&n will also appear on the Roxas column. Beltran, Uengzon, Perez and Ramos are for Roxas, while only Primicias sides with the present occupant of Malacañan. Tarlac may go for Osmeña, if Cojuangco supports him. At any rate the Aquino faction will be solidly behind* Roxas. In Nueva Eci ja, the deciding voice will still be that of Buencamino. He has kept silent until now, but indica tions are that he ‘may join the Roxas ranks. Pampanga is doubt ful. If there was a socialist can didate, he would get the majority here, but in the absence of one the Pampanga votes may be finally counted in favor of the more libe ral candidate. Bulacan will go for Roxas. The strong influence of the Rustia-De Leon family (Mrs. Roxas is De Leon) plus the follow ing of Villarama is more than a match for old and sickly Senator Buendia. Tayabas is doubtful. Although the Provincial Board has recently committed itself in favor of Osmeña, Gov. Enriquez and his Board members are not the real political power in the province of the late President Quezon. If Mrs. Quezon should* decide to choose sides, her support will be the decisive factor in Tayabas. Any candidate who carries Manila will have a very small majority. Laguna will also divide its votes, the same as Cavite (Montano for Osmeña, exAssemblyman Roxas for the Senate President). Batangas will appear fo/* Roxas, who will get the votes of the followers of “collaborators” Recto, Laurel and Ajas. The Bicol regions will be evenly divided, on the basis of the preferences of their incumbent Congressmen. Rizal is the only province in Luzon that will give an overwhelming majority te Os meña, because Senator Rodriguez is indisputably the leader in this province. On the strength of the foregoing analysis, the inescapable conclu sion is that Roxas will run away with the next presidential elec tions. But we must repeat that theSe^ calculations are based on conditions as they are today. The whole situtation may be radically changed in four months, and for all we know the finall results of the coming November elections may be entirely different from the DRUGS & CHEMICALS IN GREAT DEMAND hi tlm task of rehabilitating the Philippines, sdence will play a ma jor role. Drugs and chemicals for the sick and the wounded : labora tory equipment for the men of science ; scientific apparatus for every kind of new -industry—all these are needed in the fight to filing batk the Philippines to her feet. King's Di ug.s and Chemicals I aboratcry Equipment will be factor in this fight. The proprietor, Yu King (Yu Pue Tek). is determined that in these crucial times, the products ol his laboratorv plant would be placed at the dis posal of scientific men where the\ would be of the most help. Office is located at 720 Bambang, \yhich is today fast becoming ‘ a Mecca lor Men of Science.—(Advt.) Life of Rizal To Be Filmed San Feldman, Hollywood pro ducer, has been granted permit by Dr. Trinidad Rizal, sister of the Philippine National Hero, to make a motion picture based on the, life of the Malayan patriot. The authorization has been recently wired to the United States thru the Department of the Interior. Gonzales Elected To Presidency Bienvenido Gonzales, President of the U. P. at the s^rt of the war, subsequently “graduated” from Fort Santiago, was elected to the Presidency of the State University in the first meeting held by the Boarl erf Regents. Gon zales took his oath of office be fore President Osmeña shortly after his election. one we have ventured to fore cast. Compliments of Hon. Cornelio T. Villareal Congressman for Capiz, 2nd District 8 The NATION EITHER—C12 Qy S. ARTIAGA, Jr. The other day we received the visit of a friend who had returned to (he city after having left it shortly after liberation; he had left, a very discouraged man, and had returned, a very surprised in dividual. He waxed eloquent and fairly went into histerics of happi ness at what he termed the “great change *or the better that the city had undergone.” z Frankly, we did not get him at first and even told him to sit down, relax and asked hiWi if he had those attacks very often. But he was not to be silenced- by only a pail of cokl water: he went on and on pointing to the good things that had come to pass. At the end we were glad he had come . . . it was pleas ant to have somebody still able to see the brighter side of life. As a matter of fact we are seriously con sidering him as our official morale builder. “Greater love hath no friend than this...” A man is either a pessimist or an optimist. Our friend apparently is an optimist (even if he says ho is just a realist) and also a genius. He sawy what we, in our daily struggle for survival, failed to see. He saw a city valiantly rising from out of the invader’s lash ... a city that refuses to stay down and in stead picks up whatever remnants of its old glory the monkey man left it. And before he left, this jewel among friends, gave us this bit of wisdom: “Write and tell people to forget thfeir woes and to smile; after all a smile does not cost anything and the profiteers cannot get at it.” QUEZON ON collaboration That the late President Quezon gave instructions to prominent lea ders for collaboration short of tak ing the oath of allegiance to Japan was revealed recently by Senate President Manuel A. Roxas in an effort to clarify the collaboration is sue which has gripped the people. TRAFFIC BOOK A handbook containing an ex planation of all traffic rules and prepared by the Traffic Division of the Manila Police Department is now off the .press and ready for distribution at all Police Precincts. JULY, 1945 GONZALEZ BACK TO U. P. Latest reports from Malacañan are to the effect that Bienvenido Gonzalez, president of the U.P. at the start of the war and another “graduate” of Fort Santiago, is going to occupy again his former position. The announcement has been received with general appro val by educational circles. HUGE DEFICIT FACES P.l. A huge deficit of 130 million pe sos is faced by the Commonwealth government for the coming fiscal There’s Just ONE DOUBLE DECK NITE CLUB INTERMEZZO NITE CLUE BAR & RESTAURANT is comparably distinguished . . . the rendezvous of Am erican Sailors and Soldiers and people of social stand ing . . . The very center of Manila’s entertainment . . . the most talked about NITE CLUB in Manila ... INVITES YOU ON THE 2nd FLOOR Featuring S. Samaniego and his Swing Band O FLOOR GARDEN— Featuring Joe Felix and His Orchestra O Most Spacious Dance Floor in the heart of Manila O Continuous Floor Shows 519 Rizal Avenue Welcome!________________ To the U.S. SAILORS and SERVICEMEN We Invite You to Enjoy Your July 4th Celebration at the MELODY RESTAURANT & BAR Where we can offer you— * Good Foods * Excellent Service * Specially Selected Wines & Liquors * Courteous Waitresses GEORGE LEE Manager 304 Quezon Blvd. (Near the Bridge) year, which begins fiext month, ac cording/to figures compiled by gov ernmental financial circles. The bud get for the coming year is estimat ed at 137 million pesos while tn® expected income does not pass the seven million peso mark. RÉCORD B-19 ATTACK More than 500 super forts attack ed Japan and dropped 3,000 tons of high explosives on munition facto ries in what is considered a record bombing attack on enemy military installations. ft DRIVE AWAY YOUR WORRIES and BURN UP THE NIGHT BY JOINING THE CROWD AT THE |i INTERNATIONAL NITE CLUB ( 1002—1006 R. Hidalgo Delicious and excellent food served at the most moder- ! i ate and Reasonable Prices. Dance to the music of Manila’s Topnotch TANGO RHUMBA and Swing Orch. of S. PA YAW AL GREETINGS! To the Continued Success of PHILIPPINE-AMERICAN HARMONY Feel at home at The TOWN’S TAVERN Unanimously acclaimed the FINEST and COZIEST spot centrally located in the very heart of the Metropolis. • BAK . KEJTAIJKANT We serve American and Chinese Dishes Homelike Atmosphere — Tastefully Spacious Dining Rooms — Superb Dishes — First Class Drinks — Outstanding Servios BRING YOUR FRIENDS 105 Plaza Sta. Cruz THE TOWN’S TAVERN We serve load Drinks Greetings to oil Servicemen of U. S. Forces! CHINA GRILL Presents you the Best Spot for- your Celebration of July 4 ► ► Best CHINESE DISHES Delightful MUSIC Genuine U. S. DRINKS Location: 463 Juan Luna Opens from 10 A. M. to 11:30 P. M. > 4 ► 4 ► 4 ► 4 > 4 ► O 4 ► < ► 4 > O o o4 ► 4 ► 4 ► 4 > 4 ► 4 ► 4> 4Í DO YOU REMEMBER? The Japs had changed tnany things during the occupation. They covered our books. They renamed our streets and towns. They told us to forget the past. As if for getting for the Filipino is easy, or forgetting a truly good thing is easy. We do not want to forget the past. It moulds our present. It is the foundation of our future. Let us do some recalling. Do you remember... The PHILIPPINE NATIONAL HYMN Land of the Morning, Child of the sun returning, With fervour burning, Thee do our ¿ouls adore. Land, dear and holy, Cradle of noble heroes, Ne’er shall invaders Trample thy sacred shores. Ever within thy skies and thru th'n clouds And o’er the hüls and seas Do we behold the radiance, Feel the throb of glorious liberty. Thy banner dear to all our hearts, hearts, Thy sun and stars a-light, O, never shall its shining fields Be dimmed by tryrants’ .might! Beautiful land of love, O Land of light, In thine embrace ’tis rapture to lie, But it is glory ev&r when thou art wronged, For us, thy sons to suffer and die. MY NATIVE LAND I love my native land, Its peaceful, lowland plains; I love its mountains grand, . .Its suit and cooling rains. I love its stately palms, Each graceful flowering tree;' I love rty native land— It’s the best on the earth for me! I love its waving grain, The whispering bamboo green; I love the orchid rare, Of every flower the queen, • I love its wave-swept shores, The restless open sea; I love my native land— It?s the best on the barth for me! w The NATION By the Many Strange Things That Happen, We Are Forced to Ask: Is THIS Our COUNTRY? THIS is still the PHI LIPPINES. But is it our country still? Is it still the land of sway ing palms and bamboo groves, the lnystic isles of the southern seas, the garden spot of the Pacific, the Pearl .of the Orient, and the home of innumerable heroes? Or has this land, more beautiful than a lover’s madrigal, suffered a sea change in the last three years and made into an empty crust echoing hollowly the sordid tale of broken hearts? Is this our country, the one and only being deeply cherish ed with a passion born of blood and fire and nurtured in the bosom of our fecund valleys through all' trées. the singing years of our chronicled annals? The land is there but the face and the heart, it seems, have been transformed. The face is a rigid mask with sharp, deep lines et ched as if in adamant. The heart is a mailed fist for it has ceased to throb. It is* a bloodless piece of rock. This was a land of ineffable beauty. Moonrise on lilting, rippb ing rills; fleet-footed maidens dancing on the many-colored grass; nondescript crowds bring ing in the harvest and singing to the sun; low, squat, thatch-roofed villages asleep beneath the stars; and far below the wind—white lights and blue and red blinking with the beat and thrum of the gay city... This indeed, without a loaf of bread, a jug of wine, and—you, beside me singing in the wilderness—was Paradise enough. Today this is a ruined Eden. All about ,the stranger on our soil are heaps of disintegratingTubble, broken pillars pitted uglily by mo dern shells and gutted intó grey and black debris by uncontrollable JULY, 1945 By J. M. H. a quiet, submissive, hospitable, kind race sensitive only to an in sult to their own kith and kin. They could not let a slur on their country’s honor and their nation’s integrity go by unchallenged and --------------- This was the harbor of quiet dreams. Here, tired way farers from the distant West, flee ing from the tumult and the^shouting of men obsessed with territo rial lust and conquest, stretched themselves upon the greensward and listened to the musie of dark eyed dalagas chanting of . the hal cyon years. conflagrations that had wandrered through the length and ’breadth of the land. like maddened beasts of, prey, skeletal remains of historic mansions that had long resounded • unassailed, with $he songs of our forebears; black, leafless, slender trees writhing as if in agony and des pair. Gone is the graceful sweep of shore where once the breakers crept timidly like tired little children to their beds, gone is the trim, white-walled, tile-roofed, low cottage by the wide avenue bordered with spreading flame Gone are the architectonic wonders of the West planted as landmarks on Oriental soil. Gone is the perennial radiance of the orchid and the rose in fragrant gardens blowing in the sun. Only the ghosts remain. Frail, ghastly, spectral shadows where once the mayas sang. Truly the face of the land has been cruelly mutilated. This was a haven of peace and tranquility. This was the home of peace-loving citizens who were bound to their hearth, race, and Now, it appears, that the War has “put rancours in the vessel of our peace” and has "filed our minds”, metamorphosing this coun try from a sanctuary to a mad house. This is no longer a home but a market place resonant with discord and the thunder of voices raised in recrimination and abuse. Here, men flushed with triumph seek to castigate with mordant sarcasm and innuendo their al ready sorrow-stricken brothqrp frustrated by long suffering and , ___ persecution. This is bedlam. ‘ soil with hoops of steel. They were There is pandemonium in the land. Instead of canticles ’of thanks giving trilled in unison for the benison of liberty restored, all we hear is the deafening roar of raucous voices in violent dissension and insult. By the strangest irony of all, we have a War to prosecute to, the last ditch that this country might never again fall beneath the awful shadow of heartless Oppression and ; cumula tive infamy and we fritter away precious time and energy by warr ing among ourselves. Where is our sense of national pride, our feeling for unison? Where is that spirit of kindness for a fallen 11 FOR GENUINE BUNTAL HATS— Mrs. DELFINA 8. PALINIS MANUFACTURER & EXPORTER WHOLESALE & RETAIL 1510 Rizal Avenue WHISKY—GIN—RUM Only GOV’T LICENSED LIQUORS ARE SOLD D. G. PALINIS Licensed Liquor Dealer 2143 Rizal Avenue CHIN TIN LIO Contratista de Banquetes Comida China 8ANTIAGO UY, Prop. General Representative We serve Chinese & American Food 727 Magdalena, Manila Welcome to the STARDUST CLUB where there are charming host esses Toot’s DILA and His Jump Combo 1126 Misericordia A. CASAJE OPTICAL CO. Ryu Mnunincd—Oteas Fitted IMO Amrrtfa MERCEDITA’S PHARMACY Drugs A Patent Medicines IMO Ascamce Near Magdalena «L Hie Same Old Famous me ITERIII ANTIGUA (formerly of Plaza Sta. Cruz) now located at 1445 Mise ricordia, near Alvarez. Established in 1865 Specialized in Chinese dish es and caterer for Ban quets and parties. For reservation, See Mr. Lamberto Bautista. Manager brother? Where is that gallantry, where that generosity which kept us together in the darkest days of our history from Mactan to Ba taan? Are we still a kindly race or ¿ave we been transfigured into angry beasts astray on a wasted countryside? Hate and disaffection, pride and insuperable arrogance have blott■THE AROMA CAFE WELCOMES YOU O TO < » <» « ► o «> o o o o < » <» o <> o GOOD FOOD AND BEVERAGES 807-9 RIZAL AVENUE MANILA LOUIS LIM GEN. MANAGER o o o o o o o o o o o o o <► o o SAY IT WITH FLOWERS.-----FOR <3 Wedding Bouquets ® Baskets <3 Corsages <3 Boxes <3 Wreaths <3 Spray of Orchids Shop and Order at— Times Coffee Shop (Times Theatre) Life Restaurant (Villonco Bldg.) Tree Ohio (Avenida Rizal) 120 Barbosa St. FASHIONABLE FLORISTS and DECORATORS ed out the light of reason. Peace has been destroyed at last. The Philippines has been known in ancient as well as contemporary history as a land of selfless mar tyrs and noble heroes. Memories of William Tell are evoked by Lapulapu, of Paul Revere and Washington by Diego Silang and Rizal, of Lincoln by Bonifacio, of Leonidas at Thermopylae by Del Pilar' at Tirad Pass. And the de fense of Bataan recalls the loyal three hundred Spartans; the rear guard action of the 26th Cavalry of the Philippine Scouts calls back the charge of the light brigade at Balaklawa; and the defense of Corregidor reminds one of Malta. Yet in the mysterious alchemy of war and its aftermath we have become a nation of traitors. Only a few honorable men, hand-picked perhaps by the inscrutable wand of Destiny, are the spirits dedi cated to the pantheon of heroism. They are the only patriots. They are the only lovers of this once beautiful, peaceful country. And they are honorable men. We can not dispute their words of ponti fical wisdom. We must not ques tion their motive or their speech. They are honorable men. We should not come to bury them but to praise them. Their word is law. For they are honorable men. While these men now maligned as traitors were suffering under the boot-heel of the Eastern monster, the great patriots were in the hills hatching with eagle eyes when the myrmidons of Hirohito would come up and chase them out of their lair. Or they might have been ten thousand miles away, in the land of the freo and the home of the brave fighting the Nipponese in vader of these sHbres by just be ing Filipinos. And they reaped rewards for that—material and otherwise. They came back to this scared soil, enshrined heroes. They are the only patriots. They are honorable men. This is still the PHILIPPINES. Is it ours still, or does it belong only to the patriots from the hills or the Filipino heroes from over seas? 19 The NATION P600 for Our Short-Story Writers ****** DR. P. L. MANLAP AZ Physician.‘Surgeon Obstetrics—Women, Children, Venereal and Skin Diseases Treatment 6trictly Confidential 265 San Rafael, Manila Facing La Consolación College Amount May Increase; Watch For Announcement ♦ • • One of the purposes of The Na tion is to encourage national literature in all the language vehicles existing in the Philippine Islands. But as English is the language of this magazine, for the present, encouragement is offered to the revival and development of the Filipino short-story-in Eng lish. The managements of The Nation and The Filipino Observer have joined to set aside the sum of ¡Six Hundred Pesos to be used in pay ment of and given in prizes to the best short-stories submitted to both magazines from the month of June, 1945, up to December 1,1945. All stories published by both The Nation and The Observer will be given compensation at regular rates. On December 3, 1945, all manuscripts submitted, both pub lished and unpublished, will be turned over to a Board of Judges who will make a decision as to which are the prize-winning stories. The remainder of the P600 appropriation not spent in payment of published manuscripts will be apportioned to the first three best short-stories of the year. Efforts are being made towards increasing the prize fund by soli citing the aid of Filipino and American philantropists and lite rati. If the prize purse should reach an appreciable amount, either the first prize will be lar ger or more manuscripts will be given prizes. We are soliciting the aid of the public in suggesting as to who would be interested to donate to the prize fund and as to how the prizes should be distributed. There is much time yet before December, 1945. Write us what you think. MJEY, 1W • • • Manuscripts already received: The Story of a Meeting, by Emilio F. Constantino (Observer). Your Eyes Are Old, by S. Lioanag (Observer). Behind the Shimbu Line, by Geronimo D. Sicam (Nation). Between Two Worlds, by Amado Q. Viray. Leticia, by Gerardo S. Dy. Whisky, by Pacifico Canias. Father, We Are Hungry, by Oscar de Zuñiga. Any theme in relation to the Filipino or the American, except the low and the indecent, is ac ceptable. No bars are put against form. Substance and moral and spiritual background are required without prejudice to art.— New Job For Stettinius Washington announced that the President has accepted the re signation of Edward R. Stettinius jr. as Secretary of State who in turn accepted his new appoint ment as United States representa tive in the United Nations when the new organization comes into being. President Trumen highly praised the services of Stettinius in the State Department and in the recent Uninations Conference in Frisco. Board Exams Held 'Valid The different Board of Exam iners for Engineers and Architects recently appointed by the Execu tive have decided that the Board examinations held during the Nip occupation are valid. The Board of Medical Examiners and the Supreme Court are expected to an nounce shortly their decisioii in the case of physicians and lawyers who took the corresponding exam inations in the same period. DR. R. O. CAMACHO Surgeon Surgery, Diseases of Women and Sterility C28 P. Noval, Manila Hours: 3:00 to 6:00 p.m. ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ O DR. C. M. PAULINO ◄ > (Formerly at Ufe Theatre Buildlnr) O O CLINIC'. 908 BA ON. MANILA LADY DENTIST Announcing To Our •PATRONS The Re-opening. of FILIPINAS BAZAR PERFUMERY 531 Ave. Rizal MANILA CAMERA REPAIR SERVICE PHOTO SUPPLIES DEVELOPING, PRINTING AND ENLARGEMENT ®. We repair all kinds of came ras. Bellows made to order. Buy cameras <fc spare parts. Francisco P. Aberia Repairman 1736 Rizal Ave., Manila CAMERA PORTRAITS “X’OR” WEDDING, FAMILY AND BABY PORTRAITS 1026 Rizal Ave., Tres Ohio Bldg. Reg. M. Montemayor Mgr. & Djr.of Photography ia Once More, After Three Years of Oppression, We Shall Enjoy © By EFRAIN Ma. GUERRERO © THIS FOURTH OF JULY is specially significant to us Fili pinos because we have not cele brated it for the past three years. That is, we did not publicly honor this historical occasion as in years previous to December 8, 1941, with fine speeches, military parades, gay balls and the deafening crac kle of fireworks. But we did cele brate it with a muffled prayer or *two and a fervent wish in our hearts that the current year would put an end to the insufferable pain df having the Japanese boot on our necks. And I would not be far from the truth were I to assert that its significance rather than dying out during those years of op pression grew in luster propor tionately as ~our sufferings in creased in intensity. To-day, July 4th, 1945, we are once more free to pay tribute to this .great American National Holiday. To refresh our minds as to its meaning not only for those who are fortúnate enough to be able to call themselves the cham pions of democracy and liberty and to us who are under their tutelage; but $lso to those of the rest of the world who even now are still striv ing for freedom from oppression ahd slavery. gun one hundred and sixty-nine years ago is still being fought. The forces of evil and oppression are slowly being crushed and ex orcised. Light is beginning to break once again over the world’s hori zon. Of the three original arch enemies of Democracy, there but remains one: Japan. History testifies that every ma-, jor war that the United States has fought has been for the pre servation of democratic ideals. The current one is no exception. It has been the strict policy 'f the American Government to denounce wars of conquest and imperialistic aims. In 19Í7 she justified her entry— and properly so—into the First World Conflagration with the coin ed, phrase, “The War To Save The World For Democracy.” At preseht she is again engaged in a struggle to preserve those same ideals. But she has felt no need to justify her entanglement in this conflict with encouraging slogans because Americans, from all walks The principles enunciated in the Hfe, whether civilian v>r miliDeclaration of Independence en-* acted in Philadelphia, on the 4th of July, 1776, by the thirteen ori ginal States of America are being carried out not only to the letter but also in spirit as witness the fact that countless American lives have been snuffed out and verita ble streams of American blood have enemy Y^ose flowed both on its own and on foreign soil so that nations and in dividuals may be entitled to "free dom and opportunity under equal laWa, freedom and opportunity of their own making and through their own work. EVén now, the fight that was beLIBERTY FOR ONE AND ALL =On July 4, 1945 tary, are well aware that this is a battle for the survival of those, principles for which the heroes of Bunker Hill and the Crossing of the Delaware bled and died. Through the superhuman efforts of her valiant sons and those of allied nations, she has defeated an forces of evil had managed to suppress and stiffle the light and warmth of freedom from millions of European homes. But can one say that the'battle has been brought to a victorious end simply because Nazism and Fascism have been erased from the face of Europe? And because soon the Divine Myth of Nippon’s Em peror will meet the same fate in the land of the Rising Sun? We believe that this is not so. That the fight will not be over just because the last shot shall have been fired and the tides of war shall have subsided. The fight for democracy must continue until the doctrines and principles contained in America’s Declara tion of Independence have become of universal application in such a manner as to embrace not only those peoples who were already en joying the blessings of democracy and self-government, and for a time were deprived of their en joyment, but also those nations which up to the present time are clamoring and fighting tooth and nail for the God-given right to work cut their own destiny with out foreign control or interven-» tion. Unless the long cherished dreams and desires of these peoples attain fruition, victory shall not have been gained and the Fight For De mocracy could not appropriately be said to have been fought to a glorious finish. The writer has not lost sight of tho fact that amidst the turmoir of warfare there is now being held in San Francisco a Unitea Nations Conference whose primor dial aim is to see to it/that when peace does come, it shall be a last ing and permanent one. And per ceiving that such a blessed state of affairs can only be if justice is done to one and all, great and small, it has taken within its pur-i view the interests of -all colonial peoples, indiscriminate of race or 14 The NATION creed. Toward the achievement of this, a United Nations Com mission unanimously approved a trustee chapter the primary pur poses of which are: to insure poli tical, economic, social and educa tional advancement of colonial peoples; their just treatment and their protection against abuses; to develop self-government, to take due account of the political as pirations of the people and to assist them in the progressive development of free institutions. This particular chapter of the trustee charter has been hailed by our Filipino representative to said conference as a “charter for all the Colonial Peoples/’ and a “vic tory for the whole world.” In particular it would be a sig nal triumph for the United States —the country who so laboriously laid the foundation for this monu ment to Man’s progress and civi lization. May the Builders’ hands never cease to toil till the whole structure has reached final form and stateliness. Till its shade shall have afforded protection to nations, one and all. For then and only then will the signatories of the Declaration of Independence be assuredvthat their true wishes and avowed intentions have been fulfilled. For then and only then will there be a possibility that the coming peace will be real and lastting. THE BLESSINGS OF DEMOCRACY In the years before the war broke out in 1941, we of this country have not paid much atten tion to political forms of govern ment. We took them for granted as part of the life of the people. We never counted our blessings. We just lived in them. When the international gangs ters who called themselves sons of heaven invaded these shores, we received a jolt in our minds. Ther/e arc forms of government different from eack other. And the tyrannous and oppressive con trol of the invaders made us realize the liberty and the pros perity we enjoyed under the pro tection of American Democracy. Now that we áre back under the wing, we find that the blessings of Democracy are numerous and desirable. So, blessed be the day on which American democracy was born, and blessed be America on this day, July 4, 1945. —GUILLERMÓ REYES Bambang Auto Supply 721 Bambang St. Enjoy ybur 4th of July Celebration at the LUCKY BAK 553 Rizal Avenue where you will be treated with— * Selected Wines A Liquors * Outstanding Service * Delightful Music We have devised a cooling System of Hindu style to make our place comfortable and cool at all times. Welcome! ADMIRAL RESTAURANT We Serve— LIQUORS & WINES AMERICAN & CHINESE DISHES 166 LEGARDA ÍFEEL GOOD After a hearty Chinese ch-ow prepared under sanitary conditions at the ALLIED RESTAURANT We serve Food of Quality both American and Chinese We Specialize in BANQUETS Courteous Service Reasonable Bates Superb Dishes C. B. TANG 909-913 Jaboneros St. Manager Come and pay us a Visit! WAH HING RESTAURANT Clean, Cool and Comfortable We serve American, Chinese and Filipino Dishes at moderate prices. Iced Cold Drink and Ice Cream served any time Bring your family and friends any time. 1852-1854 Azcarraga St. LA PERLA, INC. RESTAURANT & BAKERY 515 Rizal Ave. BIRTHDAY & WEDDING CAKES Our Specialty Welcome! NEW CHINA HOTEL & RESTAURANT 1444 O’DONNELL ST. MANILA JULY, 1945 15 What Is the YARDSTICK * ♦ ♦ By J. R. NUGUID ♦ ♦ • the The question of loyalty is grave and delicate. Though the word is simple enough to be understood by the man on the street, it has creat ed a national issue. From the mo ment that our new leaders who were Catapulted into power by the tidal wave of liberation tinkered with this question, the Filipino peo ple were wrapped in a mixture of impulses, -- and sorely perplexed. The government employees and members of the former Usaffe were directly hit. The whole citizenry, too, has its misgivings, for is not the implication clear that all those who folded their arms before enemy are guilty of disloyalty? As we look in retrospect over the early days of the Japanese occupa tion of Manila, the memory ofx a city—grim and ghost-like and its inhabitants horror-filled and crest fallen—surges in sharp contrast to the gav atmosphere of the present. The Philippine Executive Commis sion was organized. A handful of employees were called to report, but their number increased gradually as the activities of the government multiplied. The employees then could be divided into two classes, namely: (1) those who accepted po sitions; for . fear that refusal, might be construed as a hostile act, and (2) ¿hóse who. voluntarily applied under the compelling force of neces sity. In either case, it was the po pular sentiment that they were serving only the interest of their own people, thjit they were not con tributing to the war effort of the enemy, and that there was nothing ip the nature of their work that was incompatible with their loyalty to the Commonwealth and their allegiance to the United States. The general public was in a si milar predicament. With the fall of Bataan and Corregidor, the con quest of the country became an ac complished fact and bowing to the inevitable, they set about in their pre-war occupations. In spite, how ever, of the strict censorship and the closo vigilance of the Kempei, our people continued to tajk and discuss day after day the develop ments of. the war as news trickled through the air from distant shores. The less fortunate were hauled in and were either tortured or slain in Fprt Santiago; Far Eastern, San Beds, and other heir holes for lis tening to Allied broadcasts, circu lating “false’r rumors, committing sabotage, and similar s- ‘hostile” it of LOYALTY? The Author Brings Up the Question of Collaboration months to the amazement of the en• acts. ______ _ _______________ The question now is: Is there any- tire world. When, however, the last > thing in the conduct of our people hope of victory whittled away. > that merits the stigma of disloyal- around seventy thousand men laid , ty? To begin with, the cabinet has down their arms to put an end to set a pretty high, if not an arbi- ‘ ...... ‘ : trary, standard of loyalty. Only a few can make the grade. The truth of the whole matter is that during i the Japanese regime, the Filipino people, whether they sat in govern ment offices, practised their profes sions, engaged , in business, ran trades, culled fishes from the seas, raised crops on the farms, or mere- ______ _____ ly worked on the roads, helped the our civilian population be now asenemy one way or another. In a sailed and rebuked for failing to do narrow sense, that was collabora- what our armed forces failed to ac tion. But while 'they extended that complish in Bataan ? And have our kind of help and collaboration, in army officers and enlisted meii who the sanctuary of their hearts the fought in the first episode of this spirit of revolt burnt like a flame, war turned disloyal bv. serving in defiant and deathless. Have they government offices or in the Japabecome disloyal by merely holding nese-made Philippine constabulary, public offices? Surely, it takes a when the fact is thev were merely lot more than that to be guilty of waiting, anxiously and patiently, disloyalty. The attending circum- for the more appropriate and opporstances, the background, and parti- tune time to strike against the yelcularly the motive and the actions jOw invaders? In their time, the Jawhile holding office must be tho- panese hated them because they reroughly appraised and considered. ' ’ ‘ 1— xk*'r- —- A----Viewed from the strictly legal standpoint, the charge lacks the support of any precedent, authori tative opinion/ or judicial pVonouncement. From the ethical side, it Í6 insisted that it was our duty to defend ’the cause at the cost of our lives. A, local editor even went so far as to say that those who were afraid to die in the past regime are pot fit to live in this new govern ment. Is this the correct yardstick by which loyalty should be mfeasured ? Do we not ridicule the Japanese for their fanatical and futile fesistance when surrender is the wiser and more honorable course to fol low? In the battle of Bataan, the FilAmerican forces, cornered, outnum bered, and outequipped, held the enemy at bay for a little over three an unequal conflict. That epochal battle was lost, but the nation rose to new heights of honor and glory and our heroic soldiers emerged from the battlefields as gallant defnders of democracy. When they, who were professional soldiers and in duty bound to defend the cause, surrendered, was it not to avoid useless death? Yet why should fused to drop their pro-American leaning; now, their own brothers hate them because they have been pro-Japanese. What a tragic para dox! As for those who held positions of responsibility, it is hard to beli eve that they were prompted by po litical or material ambitions. In fact, no amount of ballyhoo and slander can shake the people’s faith in the inteority and patrio tism of their leaders who, with incomparable skill and tact, mann ed our ship of state during the most critical and turbulent period of our national history. In the faith in the integrity and patrioas not to realize the right from the beginning that the Japanese set-up was not permanent ; secondly, they were used as mere fronts, the real power being exercised by the sabrerattling Samurai; thirdly, no public office at the time held any glamour because the government did not have an iota of support from the people; and lastly, there was absolutely no money in it, the salary of a minis ter of state being less than one thousand pesos a month, an amount which during the last months of the Japanese occupation could not even The NATION buy a pair of shoes. It could ba pos sible that they accepted their jobs because they did not want to be rushed to their graves. Like our for-, ces in Bataan they relied, and for good reasons, on that old proverb that sometimes prudence is the bet ter part of valor. Or it might also be that with the welfare of their people at heart, they accepted their jobs so. as to be in a position to help and protect their countrymep or at least to minimize their suffering. We could picture with grim horror the atrocities and brutalities the people would have suffered if the Japanese had directly governed or placed unscrupulous Filipinos at the help of the government. The case of Mr. Justice Jose Abad Santos who preferred death to obe isance to the Japanese warlord has been cited to bolster a self-centered cause, but this case is singular, uni que. It is thus that there is only one Jose Abad Santos as there is only one Jose Rizal. But there is this great difference, that when they of fered their lives, neither they nor any one in their behalf chided their countrymen for not following in their footsteps. No Filipino will ever forget the dreadful memory of the Japanese soldier. To his distorted mind, the right of conquest , was absolute, allembracing. Conqueror, lord, and so vereign, he' waB all. Tutored in the ways of his Axis partner, the Ger man Nazi, he improved to perfec tion the latter’s technique to cow the people of conquered territories into complete submission. and ter ror. Those who remained in the ci ties and towns, worked under the forced labor. system, faced the gory “magic eye’’ in a “zona”’ ropndup, or saw the inside of secret chambers of torture, know what it meant to under the heels of the oppres sor. Of Japanese brutality and ruthlessness, we have only to look to the shambles and the blood-soak ed soil of Manila to convince our selves. What chance could they- have against such hordes of barbarians? How they must have wished that enough ships were sent to their , res cue during the siege of Bataan ,so that they might have reached the United States and there amidst safety, 'tranquility and beautiful surroundings joined hands in laying the groundwork for the liberation and rehabilitation of our country. We pay tribute to our guerrillas for ¿heir heroic feat. We also wel come the rise of our new leaders. They bring youth and enthusiasm to our resurrected political struc ture. But while we glorify all those who participated in this patriotic movement and give them our en couragement and support, we ask the men that now guide our desti ny to be slow and cautious in pass ing judgment over the conduct of their fellow-countrymen. The flurry of excitement and the lust for pow er are apt to blur the vision of man and waip his good judgment. If we persist in a blind purge, our coun try will be split wide open. This is not the tim for mudslinging, recri mination, and division. This is the time to restore order out of chaos, reparation out of wreckage, and happiness out of misery. In the case of those who, after proper investi gation, are found to have sold them selves to the enemy or have gone out of their way in their collabora tion, let the punishments be swift and relentless. But in the case of the greater number of Filipinos who heaven knows are innocent, let their case be decided with understanding and justice. P2,000,000 in Goods Due Soon The Commonwealth Government thru representations made by Seccretary Hernandez of Finance has secured from the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Adminis tration the shipment of P2,000,000 worth of consumers* goods and me dical supplies, according to a re cent Malacañan announcement. The shipment will consist of one million six hundred thousand pesos worth of goods and four hundred thousand worth of medicines. The cargo will be brought by the first available boat that leaves San Francisco. sYANKS’ KITCHEN AND BAR We serve all kinds of American, European and Chinese Dishes. And the best wines in town SOLEDAD QUINTOS Proprietress: 675-677 Rizal Avenue The People’s Favorite Weekly 'She FILIPINO OBSERVER Newsmagazine Published Every TUESDAY GET YOURSELF AMONG THAT DECENT CROWD AT CRISTINA’S THE RESTAURANT A NITE CLUB for THE ARI8T0CRAT WINE ® DINE ® "DANCE All At Its Best BEST FLOOR SHOWS EVERY DAY & NIGHT PRESENTING: BAY AN I A NIEVES .. Outstanding Filipino Dancing Team YANTS KIDS .................................... Sensational Dance Trio BETTY & DANNY ... Youngest Dancers in the Philippines 2nd Fl. ARIAS BLDG. RIZAL AVE. cor. CARRXEDO In Front of AMERICAN RED CROSS CLUB ENTRANCE AT BACK OF BLOB. JULY. 1945 17 WANTED: A Civilized Style Which is the more interesting, more significant, more potent in fluence in life: the systematic ob servation of things as they are, or the eager search, into things as they ought to be? The world we live in Jias ac customed us to regard the object of the first as practical fact, of the second as idle theory. At any rate the first can be carried on without the second, but the second necessarily builds upon the find ings of the first. In other words, when we have exhausted ourselves in pursuing the facts we can pass on to consider what use we can or ought to make of them. Indeed this is their whole significance for most practical people. Let us, for instance be practical in a literary sort of way. tíet us take the matter of “style” that no lover of. literature, who now and then sits down to the typewriter himBelf very really outgrows: Is it more interesting to study what this or that person’s style is, than to consider what style ought to be? Dipping for the nth time into one of those modern anthologies pf English essays*-rich quarries of styel—I happened upon two pieces that perfectly illustrate this con trast-between what is and what ought to be, indicating quite clearly which problem arouses the deeper interest, at least for the many who are driving at practice. “Literary style,” says John Ad dington Symonds, “is more a mat ter of sentiment, emotion, involun tary habits of feeling and' observ ing, constitutional sympathy with the world and men, tendencies of curiosity and liking, than of the pure intellect. The style of scien tific works, affording little scope for the exercise of these psycholo gical elements, throws less light upon their authors’ temperament * * * By ANTONIO ESTRADA * * * than does the style of poems, no vels, essays, books of travel, des criptive criticism. “In the former case all that need be aimed at is lucid exposition of fact and vigorous reasoning. In the latter the fact to, be stated, the truth to be arrived at, being of a more complex nature, involves a process akin to that of the figura tive arts. The stylist has here to produce the desired effect by sug gestions of infinite subtlety, and to present impressions made upon his sensibility.” Here we have minute and ac curate observation of fact, such as one might expect a psychologist of the latest American school to tabúlate. Symonds, leaves us no doubt as to his being abreast of that science, for he says: In the exercise of style it is im possible for anyone to transcend his inborn and acquired faculties of ideation, imagination, sense perception, verbal expression-just as it is impossible in the exercise of strength for an athlete to trans cend the limits of his physical structure, powers of innervation, dexterity, and courage.” On the other hand, Sir Arthur Clutton-Brock tells us a few things about prose and the nature of prose that serve for a hint of what style ought to be, and he énforces his own precepts with his own example. He is criticising Mr. Pearsall Smith’s anthology of Eng lish Prose, which is like the gene ral run of such anthologies, collect ed for their purple patches, and he evidently has an altogether dif ferent idea of excellence in prose: “Prose of its very nature is lon ger than verse, and the virtues pe culiar to it manifest themselves gradually. If the cardinal virtue of poetry is love, the cardinal vir tue of prose is justice; and, where as love makes you act and speak on the spur of the moment, justice needs inquiry, patience, and a, con trol even of the noblest passions. “But English Prose, as Mr. Pearsall Smith presents it, is at the mercy of its passions and just only "by accident. By justice here I do not mean justice only to par ticular people or ideas, but a habit of justice in all the processes of thought, a style tranquillized and a form moulded by that habit. “The master of prose is not cold, but he will , not let any word or image inflame him with a heat ir relevant to his purpose. Unhast ing, unresting, he pursues it, subduihg all the riches of his mind to it. rejecting all beauties that are not germane to it; making his own beauty out of the very accomplish ment of it, out of the whole work and its proportions, so that you must read to the end before you know that it is beautiful. “But he has his reward, for he is trusted and convinces as those who are at the mercy of their own eloquence do not; and he gives a pleasure all the greater for being hardly noticed.” This is an idea of prose as an achievement of civilization which, if it is rarely enough met with in England, where Sir Arthur was writing, is certainly rarer in America,, and hardly known at all in the Philippines. Yet, as he ex pounds it, what an inspiring and potentially serviceable ideal it presents us with! This conception of style far outstrips the usual version of Buffon’s le style c’est de Vhomme meme, for it is capable of influencing not merely our way of speaking and writing, but also our way of judging and living. 18 The NATION If even a handful of educated people were habitually _to practice that way of expressing themselves that “elicits reason and patience by displaying them”, would not that make for clear-headedness in public opinion in the long run? And if by some freak of human nature it were suddenly to be come fashionable to adopt that manner of address “which assumes that we do not wish to be trick ed or dazzled” what a gain it would be both for our Press and for our Rostrum! The trouble with the yellow press with which we have lately been overrun, is that it prevents (or tries with all its might to prevent) people from looking facts in the face and endeavours to.stampede them into indiscriminate action. Now everybody knows that under the stress of passion individual persons are liable to deeds they are the first to regret and often the last to understand. And the caprices of masses of people snatching up one catchword or slogan after another are well known: the liability to unjust ac tion is multiplied. At a crisis in history, when so much depends upon a wise decision and energetic action, the need for some tranquillizing influence be comes acute, and the suggestion of some such device as is here pro posed becomes almost a duty. CENTRAL STUDIO Art Center of Photography 531 Rizal Ave. • LUNCHEON-DINNERS-SHORT ORDERS cza — SIZZLING STEAK — e BE8T SPOT IN WHERE BEST PEOPLE MEET —COCKTAILS-FIZZES — VIC MARQUEZ AND HIS ¿WINGSTERS On the Occasion of ‘July 4th We WELCOME you at the for its— c/a e * superb Music * Excellent Cuisine * Corteous Service * Charming Waitresses We serve American anct Chinese 430-432 Rizal Avenue________________________\ 19 JULY, 1945 MEETING: Post-Invasion By SGT. HARRY ECKSTEIN People of the Philippines! I come to you from distant Ulnds; from the gray, silent skylines of America which spell a nation at war and yet at peace, a haven sheltered from the. dread of conflict from all its horrors but the horror of surging emotions, of tears and fruitless longing; from the steaming wilderness, I come, from loneliness in an ancient jungle, the forsaken shores of slumbering isles, the lands of malaria, dengue, and primitive graves. In a larger sense I come to you from peaceful towns built on fertile soil, the surge and turmoil of great cities, the schools and shops, factories belching forth black smoke, trains passing at immoderate speed, the ice cream store on the corner, the immigrant next door, and teen-age girls screaming at Frank Sinatra. I come to you with a pack on my back containing a blanket, underwear, soap and razor, messkit, tentage, socks, and a letter fondly preserved and remembered. In my hands I hold al rifle, model M4, with one deadly round in the chamber, eight in the clip, and eighty-fight in the rifle belt. I wear a green uniform, duet-stained and dirty, soiled, uncomfortable shoes. I come to you with all this; and I am told that I am your liberator, the proud '¡barrier and victor, the immaculate conqueror. And you come to me. People of the Philippines. From the tall, forbidding hills pou come, barefoot and haggard, your eyes expressing some strange fright and your hands straining for alms, overcoming the pride in your hearts. You come from the unpainted houses, the sailed Nipa huts, the dark, cheerless dwellings where you sat in unlighted nights and fear-filled days, waiting, waiting, hoping despairing, you come from the ravaged cities, blood and starvation, the invader's yoke, the beast's existence, and the dull eyes turned southward 20 The NATION containing s a lost home, a trampled field, You come to me with the burden of years in your hearts, containing a lost home, a trampled field, the screams of a loved one, and the fear of death. You are burdened as I am burdened, but the load is great and cannot be placed aside for a rest and a moment1s lingering. You come to me thus; and I am told that you are the conquered, the outraged and oppressed, the dependent, the silent sufferers. What shall be our meeting-place. People of the Philippines, we who come to each other? Is there some common ground, some common earth without demarkation for oppressed and victorious alike? Is there some peaceful plot where I may lay down my pack and you, your burden and we may commune and understand, and, understanding, become one? Or shall we always be worlds apartthe touched and untouched the rick and poor, the careless and careworn? You have seen me streaming victoriously onto your shores and I have seen you drifting from master to master and I know one thing beyond our separate burdens, beyond the gulf, between alms and the giver» we are alike and the same in many and most important ways» From your eyes, from your sorrows, flow tears; I too have wept— in the silent nights when remembrance awakens, at the grdve where I buried a comrade» in the warrior’s loneliness, my tears have flown. In your hearts, your expressions, there is longing; I too have longed.... And in your uplifted faces there is hope; I too have hope— for the peaceful night by the fire, the soothing touch of a loved one, for the sunset, the snow, the falling leaves, my heart has longed. for the return to the threshold, the growing harvest, man rising above his destruction, for fruitful labor in a fairer world I wait and hope. This is the earth on which to build our common world; these are the materials to build it, to temper and mold it, and such shall be its bases tears, longing and hope and tfie will of free mam to rise and attain, to construct and keep, on the shattered earth-of his home and heart. JULY 1945 21 SHORT - STORY Father... We are hungry! By OSCAR IT WAS already noontime. 1 tuban Station where he had gone But neither rice sellers nor the gs through rice sacks at the depot ha< He paused for a while: should he go home or not? But his wife, and his two children. He couldn’t go home emptyhanded, for there was not a single grain of rice at home. perhaps if he stayed a little lon ger, a rice seller might come his way* Besides, there was a train scheduled to arrive at one-thirty. Tasio^ selected a shaded spot on the sidewalk and sat down. Were his legs tired! He stretched them out for a while, then encircled them with his arms. There were many people coming and going, and he could not have his legs out stretched for long without some body stepping on them. Closely, he watched the ¿aces of people. JSome seemed hurrying home for lunch; others, merely walking leisurely as if on an afters noon stroll.. Their faces interested him. Was the hungry look visible on the faces of some of them as clearly defined on his own? He rubbed his face with the palm of a hand, as if to erase from it traces of any such a look. “Perhaps, they are also looking for rice,” he told himself. Not a few were carrying bags or bayongs. The thought recalled him to his mission, and he thrust his hand into his pocket to make sure that he had not lost his money. Carefully, he fished it out and counted—for the nth time— six ten-peso bills. Enough for three gantas of rice, at twenty pesos per. With more care, he put the roll de ZUÑIGA rasio still lingered around the Tuearly in the morning to buy rice, ing of boys who used to bore holes i been around since his arrival. back into his pocket. A whistle sounded: the onethirty train. Eagerly, Tasio stood up, and joined the crown which rushed to meet the new arrivals. Surely somebody in the train had some rice for sale. Not a few bring rice to the city and not for home consumption, either. “Rice?” Any rice for sale ” he kept on asking. But the answer waszinvariably the same: “None.” It did not take long the station to be cleared of people. “This must have been a red-day for rice vendors,” he muttered bitterly to himself, as he kicked an unsus? pecting pebble on the road. He sat' down • on the sidewalk again. Was the world whirling? He wiped his forehead with his none-too-clean handkerchief. Cold beads of sweat' were beginning to form. His stomach murmured in angry protest when he bent for ward to press his face against his knees in an effort to drive away the dizzy spell trying to get the better of him. Slowly, Tasio stood up, ,and walked towards the Chinese store opposite the station. The food dis played on the counter did not look very appetizing, but what wouldn’t a hungry man give for them. What food could he buy with one peso? he asked the Chinaman. Only one plate of rice, was the polite reply. Well, it was something, he thought, and was about to order the rice. But then, what about his wife and children? . Could he This is an entry in the OBSER VER - NATION Story Contest. swallow the food, knowing that his folk at home had nothing to eat? If he spent the peso, his money would not be sufficient for the three gantas of rice that he had in mind to buy. Wearily, he turned away. A drink of cool water from the street faucet could appease his hunger anyway. He espied a cigaret butt, its smoke curling up invitingly. Un hesitatingly he picked it up, Three long puffs were all he got out of it, but he felt sufficiently streng thened to continue his vigil for a rice seller. The heat was getting oppressive, so Tasio retreated once more un der the shade. The wait was long and weary: still he sat Under the shade. For how long, he did not know. Late in the afternoon, he noted some people rushing to a spot in front of the station where there was a commotion. There was a fight going on, somebody shouted. Tasio stood up. Curiosity made him join the crowd, and soon he was among those elbowing into the thickness to get a better view of the combat. Those around him kept jostling and pushing, till he felt himself being squeezed in on all sides. Then Tasio heard somebody shouting, “Police! police!” And the crowd dispersed as speedily as it had formed. Once more, Tasio looked around in search of rice, inquiring from some bystanders where he could secure .some. But nobody could The NATION give him any idea as to where rice was available, and finally dis heartened, he decided to go home. With head bowe’d, he turned to a side-street which was a shorter róute to' take him home. He had gone but hr short distance when he came upon a gang of boys each carrying a bayong. “Rice ” he saked eagerly, his alight with hope. “Yes, sir,” the leader replied. “Want to buy some?” “How much a ganta?” “Fifteen pesos.” “That’s too much,” Tasio said, although within him, he felt elat ed that it was cheaper than he had anticipated. “You can’t find any cheaper,” the leader replied shrewdly. “All right, give me four gantas.” The boys told him they’d bar row a ganta from the nerby house, and Tasio followed them. The rice measured exactly four gantas and about two handfuls. “You can have it all for sixty pesos,” the leader of the boys told him. “Thanks,” Tasio said, as he dip ped his hand into his pocket to get his money, thankful too that he had not spent a single centavo. But his pocket was empty1'! He looked in his other pockets, although he was sure he had not put it away in any other than in the right side pocket of his pants. “Sorry, mister,” the boys said, when they noted that their cus tomer had lost his money. Tasio eyed the group ruefully as they walked away. How could he have lost his mo ney? He looked up, as if to in quire from the clouds, which was fast gathering. Then he remem bered that he had joined the crowd during the fight. Yes, that was it. Somebody must have picked his pocket when he was hemmed in from all sides. And wit hthe thought of his loss, of the hungry mouths wait ing for him, he felt like crying. Slowly, he walked on, unmindful of the rain which had started to fall, blind to the lightning flashes, deaYto the peal of thunder. All that'he seémed to see was the re proachful look in his wife’s eyes; all that he could hear, his child ren’s voices crying... “Father, we fire hungry!” * COLEGIO DE SANTA CATALINA UNDER DOMINICAN SISTERS Elementary and High School Reopening: July 2, 1945 Enrollment: Still going on 660 Legarda, Sampaloc Set Quota For Flour Importe Local flour importers have re commend el to the association of U. S. export flour millers a mini mum of 4,000 short tons of wheat flour monthly, representing the tonnage that can be handled effi ciently by Philippine ports under present conditions. De la Paz Scores One On ComCongressman Emilio de la Paz, who is under investigation by the Committee on Interior Government of the House of Representatives won a respite on the first day of the investigation by challenging the right of he Chairman of he Committee to sit on the same and, for that matter, to have a seat in Congress. De la Paz claimed that Congressman de los Santos Com mittee Chairman, was appointed to the bench by President Quezon and acted accordingly as Judge of First Instance of Iloilo. The Cons titution provides that no member of Congress may occupy any other position in the Commonwealth Government without forfeiting his seat in the Legislature. The Arellano Colleges 598 Legarda and 411 G. Tuazon (Authorized by the Government) Registration Now Going On • Arellano Law • Business Adm. • Education • Elementary FRANCISCO R. CAPISTRANO President and Dean of Law and Arts and Science FORTUNATO A. GUPIT Comptroller and Dean of Business Adm. Classes Begin Jiily 2 • Arts & Sciences • Normal • High School MARCELINO P. E STAC IO Registrar and Acting Dean, Normal and Education JACINTO S. GALIMBA Principal, High School (The Arellano Colleges, organized by the Arellano Law College, Inc., which operated the National University from 1939 to 1941, will become The Arellano University.) JULY, 1945 23 -HISTORIC SPEECHES:: I.—By President SERGIO OSMEÑA . on November 23, 1944, over “The Voice^ of Free dom” after the successful landing of the Yanks in Leyte. r GOVERNMENT OF LAW Since my return to the Philippines a month ago, it has been my good fortune to meet a number of guerilla leaders. The world will long remember the epic stand of the guerrillas. After the fall of Bataan and Corregidor and the tragic defeat of the Allied armies ih Asia, our people found themselves pitted against the might of Japan. Then the guerrilla movement came into being. It was the people’s continued fight against the invaders. The guerrillas almost without arms at the beginning, hungry and unclothed, gave battle to the enefy from every nook and corner of the land. For three seem©SPEECHES are mere words,— but when delivered by the leaders of a nation, they UMHHy decide na tional destiny, they write history, they indicate trends and mrths of national life and national ideals. They are mere words, but in *hem we can feel the pulsating thob of the country’s* heárt, the theme song of the people. We listen to the speeches and follow the lead of the speechmakers. Your magazine, The NATION, intends to furnish you copies of historic speeches wherein you may see; niirrorlike, the life and dreams Of our oountry and people. ingly interminable years and despite unbelieveable hardships, they carried the torch of freedom, confident that America would not fail them and that MacArthur would fulfill his pledge to return. Our nation is justly proud of the guerrillas and the Philippines Gov ernment shall see to it that they are properly rewarded. We have taken the initial step of incorporat ing all guerrillas recogniz^ed by the Military Command into the Philip pine Army, with United States Army pay. But in our praise of the guer rillas we should not be forgetful of the loyal civilian population that was left behind to face the ire of the invader and support the guer rillas. It was, not possible for all to evade the enemy: the fate of the immense majority was to bear the manacles of enslavement. Un fortunately, this has given rise to different attitudes and actions in relation to the Japanese rule caus ing some misunderstandings among our people. This state of affairs has created one of the most serious problems with which our Govern ment is Confronted. We canot close our eyes to the realities of the Japanese occupation. It is cruel and harsh. An arbitrary government has been im posed on the Filipino people by the sword and the initial misfortune of Atnerican and Filipino arms left the majority of eighteen million Fi lipinos no other recourse but to Bubmit to a despotic regime if they, were to survive. Not all public officials could take to the hillsc to carry on the heroic struggle. Some had to regain in their posts to The 'master politician greets the master warrior. (Courtesy OWI) maintain a semblance of govern ment, to protect tile population from the oppressor to the extent possible by human ingenuity and to comfort the people in their misery. Had their services not been avail able, the Japanese would either have themselves governed directly and completely or utilized unscru pulous Filipino followers capable of any treason to their people. The result would have been calamitous and the injuries inflicted to our body politic beyond cure. The problem under consideration must be solved with justice and dignity. Every case should be ex amined impartially and decided on its own merits. Persons holding public office during enemy occupa tion, for the most part, fall within' three categories: those prompted by a desire to protect the people, those actuated by fear of enemy reprisals, and those motivated by disloyalty to our government and cause. The motives which caused th retention of the office and con duct while in office , rather than the sole fact of its occupation, ought to be the criterion upon which such persons will be judged. Those charged with giving aid and comfort to the enemy, whether office holders or private citiznes, with being traitors and disloyal to 24 The NATION by lawful pr<>in possesion of of disloyalty to Government or Precisely when the eyes civilized world are focused country, we cannot allow personal revenge and misjustice, of the on our acts of guided zeal to cast a reflection on our civilization and our ability to maintain an orderly government. Ours is a government by law; the splendour of its majesty must ne ver be dimmed in our land. The dignity and courage of the Filipino people in the face óf cala mity have elicited the admiration of the world. With a long tradition of peace, the Filipino nevertheless faced war bravely. He died heroic ally when death was demanded of tiny. As a people we have come of age. Ve must move forward, just and firm but merciful and humane, closely united, animated by the same social aspirations to happi ness, bound together as a political State by the wise dispositions of our Constitution and our laws. God helping me, I shall strive to this end. Dr. Alfonso M. Guzman Dentist . Villonco Bldg. (Life Theatre)/ Room 307 Quezon Blvd.' ALEX OFFICE EQUIPMENT CO. 64 Buenviaje corner Quezon Blvd. —______ HISTORIC SPEECHES,------------------the governments of the Philippine* peace and our capacit yto mete out and of the United States will be dealt with in accordance with law. But for the common good and our national welfare, I appeal to all the citizens of the Philippines to sup port their government in meeting its responsibilities cedures. Persons information on act the Commonwealth that of the United States should report it to the authoriies. But under no circumstances should any persoiy or group take the law into their/own hands. pGurs is a constitutional govern ment, ours is a community educat ed in the norms of a Christian ci- him by the exigencies of battle, vilization. Due respect for. the law, Under the tyranny of the Japanese rigid adherence to those rpinciples he toiled to survive. But when the established in civilized countries, forces of redemption were comcomplete obedience to the decisions pelled to rain death on his home of the courts—all these involve and destroy his property in order forms of character and high moral to dislodge the enemy, he was neattributes that are the possession ver heard to complain. He realof enlightened countries like ours, ized that the price of freedom is On the threshold of occupying a high and was ready to pay the cost, sovereign place in the ooncert of Today he labors on the wharfs of free nations, we must live up to our Tacloban, tills the fields of Leyte responsibilities. We must prove and renders war service everywhere our ability to maintain domestic without hesitation or regrets, with * A dfa A A II.—By General of the Army DOUGLAS MacARTHUR ... in turning over the reins of civil government to Commonwealth President Sergio Osmeña, February 27, 1945. atJMalacañan. CITADEL OF DEMOCRACY IN THE EA8T Mr. PRESIDENT: More than three years have elapsed—years of bitterness, struggle and sacrifice—since I withdrew our forces and in stallations from this beautiful city that, open and undefended, its churches, monuments and cultural centers might, in accordance with the rules of warfare, be spared the yiolence of military ravage. The enemy would not have it so, and much that I sought to preserve baa been unnecessarily destroyed by his desperate action at bay; but by these ashes he has wantonly fixed the future pattern of his doom. Then we were but a small force struggling to stem the advance of overwhelming hordes' treacherously buried against us, behind the mask of professed friendship and interna tional good-will. That strgugle was MANILA BAR I MERCEDES NEPA PRODUCTS 79 Escolta, Manila ? 1301 Don Quijote, Sampaloc _ . . X Ladies’ Handbags of different styles Good Service—Fair Pnce f & varied designs JULIAN E. I IJGTU Manager and renders war service everywhere without hesitation or regrets, with JÜLY.lédS & SELL Machines, Cabinets, WE REPAIR, BUY Typewriters, Adding Steel Safes, Filing Calculators, Checkwriters, Cash Registers and others. & < ► $ (Authorized by the Government)* ► | SANTA ISABEL t COLLEGE < > ^Now housed in the San Miguel* > Convent, San Miguel, Manila < > Courses Offered: ® KINDERGARTEN ® ELEMENTARY ® HIGH SCHOOL ® MUSIC — PIANO rnot in vain! God has indeed blessed $ VOICE and VIOLIN our arms! The girded and un- T Registration is still going teashed power of Ameno», eupport- j For particuiars 8ee ed by our Allies, turned the tide of & the enthusiasm of a human being T^he Rev. Mother DIREGTRE8S<p who is again free to shape his des- k < ► < ► < ► í > < ► on < * < ► < ► 25 ________________________HISTORIC SPEECHES_________ ___ ____________ battle in the Pacific and resulted in an unbroken series of crushing defeats upon the enemy, culminat ing in the redemption of your soil and the liberation of your people. My country has kept the faith! These soldiers have come here as an army of free men, dedicated, with your people, to the cause of human liberty and committed to the task of destroying those evil forces that have sought to suppress it by brutality of the sword. An army of free men that has brought your people once again under democra cy’s banner, to rededicate their churches, long desecrated, to the glory of God and public worship; to reopen their schools to liberal education; to till the soil and reap its harvest without fear of confisca tion; to reestablish their industries that they may again enjoy the pro fit from the sweat of their own toil; and to restore the sanctity and happiness of heir homgs^unafraid of violent intrusion. Thus to millions of your now li berated people comes the opportun ity to pledge themselves—their hearts, their minds, and their hands—to the task of building a new and stronger nation—a rtation consecrated in the blood nobly shed that this day might be—a nation dedicated to making imperishable those sacred liberties for which we have fought and many have died. On behalf of my Governmnet I now solemnly declare, Mr. Presidnt, the full powers and responsibilities under the Constitution restored the Commonwealth, whose seat here reestablished as provided law. Your country thus is again at li berty td pursue its destiny to an honored position in the family of free nations. Your capital city, cruelly punished though it be, has regained its rightful place—Citadel of Democracy in the East. lift—By President SERGIO OSMEÑA ... tn reply to General MacArthur, at Malacañan, February 27, 1945. LET US REMAIN UNITED This is an historic event in an historic city. Malay ancestors founded it more than eight centuries ago, colonial powers have fought for its conquest and domination. The Spaniards, the Dutch, the English, a Chinese pirate, our revolutionary fathers have -all vied with each other and shed blood for its possession because its conquest has always meant the ultimate control of the entire Archi pelago. But today’s event is different from any of the previous con quests and victories. The present victory of American arms is not a victory for power, control or domination, but a victory for freedom, democracy and independence. In spring with you today the erican arms, let us bow oür heads exultation over the triumph of Am- in reverent memory of our sacred PAULINO’S WATCHES & JEWELRY DfREOTIMPORTERS MA8TER CRAFTSMAN Manila 908 Raon dead and the dead of our Allies, whose lives are the forfeit that these, our liberties, might be re stored. of our once beautiful capital city of Manila and the murder of thou sands of Japanese dastardly which has an outraged world should steel us to the firm resolve to continue the fight with every ounce of our strength until he shall have been completely vanquished. To President Roosevelt who, in our grim days in Corregidor and Bataan, solemnly pledged to us, in the name of the American people, the men and resources of the Unit ed States for our liberation, this day must be also a day' of happiness over a pledge fulfilled. We shall be forever grateful to him and to the American people. To General MacArthur, this cam paign has been a crusade. Friend and defender of our rac^, he never lost faith in the spiritual strength of our people. In this crusade, he is finishing the noble work begun by his illustrious father, General From the time our Arthur MacArthur who, on August 13, 1898, successfully led’ another American Army to free Manila from a European power. General Doug, las MacArthur will go down in his tory not only for his signal military successes but also for consistently , following truly democratic methods in dealing with Philippine civil af fairs in areas retaken from the enemy. Instead of taking advant age of military operations to main tain military government over ter ritories already recaptured, he hasi been faithful in his role as liberator in the truest American tradtion. Thus, forty-eight hours after the occupation of Tacloban by the Am erican froces, he turned over the functions of government to our Commonwealth. And now, in this City of Manila, he is following the same procedure. To all the. gallant members of the United States Forces, I bespeak of the immeasurable indebtedness, the highest admiration, and the to is by We mourn the destruction innocent people by the vandals, but this latest act of a savage enemy aroused the conscience of 26 Tb$ NATION ________________________ HISTORIC SPEECHES ........................... eternal gratitude of our people fór their victorious accomplishments. They have come as brothers-inarms enlisted in and dedicated to the sacrd cause1 of restoring our li berties. The time has come when the world should know that when our forces surrendered in Bataan and Corregidor, resistance to the enemy was faken up by the people itself— resistance which was inarticulate .and disorganized at its inception but which grew from' day to day and from island to island, until it broke out into an open warfare against the enemy. The fight against the enemy was truly a people’s war because, it counted with the\ wholehearted sup* port of the masses. From the humble peasant to the barrio school teacher, from the volunteer guard to the women’s auxiliary service units, from the loyal local official to the 'barrio folk—each and every one of these contributed his share in the great crusade for liberation. The guerrillas knew that without the support of the civilian popula tion, they could not survive. Whole towns and villages dared enemy re prisal to oppose the hated invader openly or give assistance to the un derground movement. It is thus that the Filipino, people drew the ire of the Japanese ‘who has nevék followed t^ie rules ,of civilized war fare. ' And now his conduct towards the civilian population 'has become more cru'el ahd brutal, embittered as he is’by his failure to enlist the support of the people. For this reason, it is imperative that the war against him be prosecuted all over the country relentlessly and with dispatch in order that the people’s agony may not be prolonged .and precious human life may bfe sal vaged. As I take over the civil functions of the Commonwealth Government in our country, I cannot but pause in all humility, for guidancé and inspiration before the figures of Jose Rizal for his patriotism, An dres Bonifacio for his indomitable courage; Apolinario Mabini for his fersighted statesmanship, and MaJULy, 1945 miel Quezon for his devotion to the cause of independence. That no time may be* lost in the complete restoration of the Com monwealth of the Philippines, the Executive and judicial branhcs will be reestablished withjuijnost vigor and dispatch and I now call upon ♦all the duly -elected members of our Congress who have remained stead fast in their allegiance to our Gov ernment during the period of enemy occupation, to be in readiness to meqt in Manila as soon as condi tions permit for the reestablishment of the Legislative branch. I am fully cognizant that prob lems of great national significance must be faced immediately. The reestablishment of law and order in areas already liberated, the reopen ing of schools, the reorganization of the government, both national and local, are among the complicated problems that have arisen as a con sequence of enemy occupation. Foremost among these problems is that of relief and rehabilitation, the urgency of which cannot be over emphasized. This war has not only caused un told misery and suffering to the in dividual it has also brought about wanton destruction, economic dislor cation and financial bankruptcy to the nation at large. Farms send in dustries have to be rehabilitated; banks and credit institutions have to be reopened; roads and bridges have to be repaired; schools and hispitals have to be rebuilt; des troyed and damaged properties, both public and private, have either to be rehabilitated or indemnified. ™ ROYAL BAR ® Efficient, Courteous Service @ Music To Your Delight 4 ► < ► ® Prices Within Your Reach j J 601 Rizal Avenue, Corner Raon St. X A TRIBUTE TO FINER TASTE... !! < > 4 ► 4 > 4 > 4 > O “THE GENTLEMEN’S PLACE’? J J ® Iced-cold Drinks, Duly Tested atad Approved 4> 4 ► 4 ► 4 > 4> 4 ► 4> <> The legitimate claim of the com mon laborer and of the small/farmer who has lost his only work^iiiimal and nipa hut must be given preferential attention. So that these manifold problems may be fa(ied with promptness and energy, I shall enlist the assistance ’of all those possessing not only proven ability and loyalty but also the confidence and trust of the people. In Leyte, as a recognition of the guerrillas who so valiantly fought the Japanese, I appointed Col. Ruperto Kangleon as the Act ing Governor of that province. To day I have pleasure 'to announce that, as a tribute to the civilian elements of our country woh resist ed the enemy with courage and fortitude. I have chosen Governor Tomas Confesor as the ranking* member of my Cabinet, ¿appointing him Secretary of the Interior, and in charge of the reorganization of the City of Manila Our independence is a settled question. Our five decades of con sistent struggles, in peace ’and war, have come to a definite, successful end. Our government, when in exilq. was considered as possessing the (attributes of an independent na tion. It is a member of the United Nations. We have President Roose velt’s word that when normal con ditions have returned, law and or der reestablished, and demberatip processes restored, our request for the advancement of the date of in dependence will be granted. I hope this can be accomplished on August 13, 1945, the forty-seventh anniver sary of the landing of the Amer 4 ► 4 ► 4 ► 4 ► 27 HISTORIC SPEECHES More than ever* common ican forces in Manila. Thus Occu pation'' Day wilt become Philippine Incfcpt'ndence Da.v The gravity of our new problems demands the collective effort of all the people. The government caiinot undertake to solve j.hein alone. It needs the s’upport of the people -—a united people. before, now that the rapid advance of our forces is widening its field of action, the government needs y. united popular support to enable it to undertake successfully its tre mendous tasks. Not by dissension and bickerings, not by resort to vio lence and lawlessness can we serve the national interest. It would be tragic indeed if at this last state of our' crucial struggle for nation hood, we should fall apart and be divided against ourselves. had enough misfortunes and suffer ings in this war; we cannot bear anymore. To plunge ourselves into the abyssvof disunion would be sui cidal As the head of your duly consti tuted government, I therefore ap peal to you, my people, to remain united. I <irge you to forget petty political differences, to bury the hatreds and animosities engendered bv the struggle, to obey the rule of law, justice and reason, and to remember that we all belong to one country, our beloved Phil ippine<. United we will continue assisting effectively in the success ful prosecution of the war and in tfie rehabilitation of our country. United we can speedily achieve the full restoration of the constitution al processes of our government, dis rupted by the enemy. United and in close, cooperation with the Unit ed States, we can fVin for ourselves We have and our ..children all the blessings of democracy, freedom ari^l security for which we have sacrificed sd much in this titanic struggle against the brutal forces of tyranny and oppression. SQUARE DEAL FOR THE PRESS Undersecretary Mendez announc ed the other day that press repre sentatives will be assigned a room in Malacaiian, properly provided with desks, typewriters and other tools of the trade. Tte also promised regular treats to reporters covering the executive branch of the govern ment. ----------- - PENSIONS BILL RECOMMENDED President Osmeña in a, message snt to Congress recommends the enactment of a law granting pen sions to families of Filipinos who died in the service of the U.S. Army and Navy, Philippine Scouts, Phil ippine Army and in other depart ments of the U.S. government. VALDEZ, REYES, HERNANDEZ OK’D The Commission on Appoint ments has recently approved the 'appointments of Secretaries Valdez, Hernandez and Reyes. RE-INVASION OF JAPAN General B. Valdez who has been placed in charge of the Filipino Di vision for the invasioii of Japan has stated that the coming opera tions will not be a pinic and that careful selection will be made of those volunteering. UNIVERSITY OF MANILA 105 Alejandro VI, Manila HIGH SCHOOL Complete HIGH SCHOOL Course for BOYS and GIRLS Complete Library and Laboratory Facilities (AUTHORIZED BY THE GOVERNMENT) Regular Classes begin on July 9, 1945 Bnrolment now open For Courses in the Colleges of LAW, LIBERAL ARTS and BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION, in quire at the Office of the University. Hours: 9 A.M. to 2 P.M. 28 The NATION —___HISTORIC SPEECHES- -----------------------------------IV—B^I’resident SERGIO OSMEÑA . . . Onrffle installation of h;s cabinet, May 8, 1945 THE NEW PHIL2PP5ME ¿GEOLOGY WE HEREBY REAFFIRM our faith in, and adherence to, the principles of freedom and democracy—a faith and an adherence borntin the early days of our Malay history, nur tured by four hundred years of Western contact, consecrated by our revolutionary fathers, invigorated by the teachifigs of America, ratified in the constitutional processes of our Commonwealth, and now sanctified by the blood of the thousands of Filipino martyrs and heroes of the present war. We condemn the totalitarian ideology which the enemy has sought to impose on us under a government by self-constituted or God-chosen rulers, and .we hereby reaffirm our devotion to the prin ciples of popular -sovereignty, of a government of the people, for the people, and by’the people. We believe in the superiority of a responsible democracy peaceful and law-abiding, loyal to its ins titutions and determined to fight for its Way of life, over a degene rate fascism and totalitarianism witji its rig^imented lives, devoid of wills of'their own ■ r r • We shall reestablish in our country a social and political sys tem which is founded on mutual faith, honesty and confidence and notion suspicion, corruption and fear, and in which government officials and employees are: not the IMPO RTA NT A N NOON C.E ME NT----------The management finder the leadership of Mr. M. Cruz hereby annc-unce to the public in general the re-opening oT the FAMOUS CRU-VIR TAILORING 159 Corner Legarda and Azcairaga, Manila (“THFf LEADER STILL LEADS”) Specializing in IVomen’s and Men’s Wears IT’S A DATE FOR YOU-ANtf YOUR FRIENDS! ; Select the.happiest sppt in Town, enjoy at the CONNER GARDEN CAFE 159 Corner Legarda & Azcarraga * Hot always & Genuine Coffee * Excellent American,, Chinese & Filipino Dishes * Novelty Cakes * Other Eat» which will satisfy -- -- * PAY US A VISIT *- J masters of the people but their servants acting as necessary ins trumentalities through which the public good and the individual welfare may be advanced and safeguarded. the barbarous We denounc9 doctrine/of collective responsibility for individual acts under which thousands of innocent men and women have met their death. We< stand for the individual fiberties, guaranteed by our Cons titution, for the right of every men and woman to. fen joy life, li berty and the pursuit of happiness. We reject the theory of th^ existence of chosen or superior races; we hold to the self-evident truth that no particular race has á monopoly on the capacity for progress and seif-govemment. We believe in* the universality □f culture, and we shall seek the implements of progress in what ever source they may be found. We reaffirm our faith in the principle of Philippine-Amcrican collaboration, its workability hav ing been successfully tested both in peace and in war. This prin ciple has been responsible for the unparalleled progress of our coun try during the last 46 years. It is a guarantee for the permanence of Christian civilization in the Orient. We reiterate pur adherence to the Atlantic Charter signed by the United Nations, of which we are a member; for in that document they ( xpi i S. cd their desire to' effect no territorial changes that do not accord with the freely expressed will of the people concerned, and “to respect the right of all people to choose the forpi of government under which they will live.” We believe in the efficacy . of the principle of collective security as a guarantee of World peace and the best assurance of the settle ment of international disputes not by the arbitrament of arms but by the processes of peace and justice. The legislation providing for the use, after the independence of the Philippines, by the United States of naval and air bases here for the mutual protection of the Phil ippines and the United States is a concrete example of the applic at ion'‘of this* principle.' It is mutual agreement designed not only for the protection of both na tions but as a contribution to the peace of the Pacific region and the collective security of the na tions of the world. We stand for a new world free from want and fear, provided with greater safeguards for lasting peace and offering ample oppor tunities for friendly negotiations and judicial adjudication of inter national disputé» and the selfdevelopment of nations. We are ready to take part, in close asso ciation with 'the Unjted States, in any international pact based on justice and directed toward the organization and preservation of the peace of the world. JUJjYj 1945 29 _ ________________________ HISTORIC SPEECHES-----------------------------------V—By Senate President MANUEL A. ROXAS . . ,<>n the occasion of his inauguration as senate Pres ident. “WITH MALICE TOWARDS NONE” Gentlemen of the Senate: I consider it a high honor to have been elected by you President of the Senate. I can best prove my appreciation by assuring you that as your chosen leader I shall endeavor to make this chamber a truly deliberative body where every member shall have a fair and ample opportunity to discusé freely and without hindrance all questions of public interest and to initiate and uphold such 'measures as will truly pro mote the people’s welfare. The problems confronting the Philippines are vast and vital, and they are urgent. It is not within our power to solve these problems by the independent action of this body The collaboration of all the coordinate departments of the gov ernment is required. The executive will have our unstinted and willing cooperation in everything that will secure the maximum efforts for the successful prosecution of the war against Japan, the reestablishment of peace and tranquility among our people, the resumption of constitu tional processes and a regime of law. and the speedy rehabilitation of our national economy. That is our bounded duty and we will not be found wanting. The nation’s freedom and welfare should be our paramount concern. Neither selfinterest nor partisan motives should be allowed to obstruct or delay their achievement. We are fighting thisx war for liberty, justice anjJ democracy. We can not, we must not risk these great ideals in the turmoil of partisan politics. We would be unfaithful to the memory JAVIER-PALARC4-ALBA Counsellors-at-Law Suite 301-302 Rizal Avenue (next to Central Hotel) EMILIO M. JAVIER JOSE PALARCA LEODEGARIO ALBA One of the Country’s oldest and Leading Lumber Firms is now open for Business P. P. GOCHECO’S SONS LUMBER DEALERS, MANUFACTURERS, and BUILDING CONTRACTORS 1219 Azcarraga MANILA of the brave men, Americans and Filipinos, who have died in the bat tlefields or in the torture chambers of the Japanese Kempi Tai that those ideals might be preserved, were our government to follow a course which will justify our peo ple to level against us the accusa tion that we had won the war but lost the cause we had been fighting for. More than three years have passed since the last legislative as sembly elected by the free votes of the people met on Philippine soil. Those three long years shall linger in our memory as the darkest of our lives. They were three long ybars of suffering, privation, bloody Battles, terror and torture, and the supplession of our most cherished liberties. They were years when Filipino patriotism was put to the sverest iests, but we proved the so lidity of our loyalties. We stood those tests because our love for li^ bertv is unquenchable, because our faith in democracy is firm and ad amant. because our confidence in the valor and gallantry of the fight ing forces of the United States and the Philippines could not be shak en either by the malicious propa ganda of the hated enemy or the threats, tortures and wholesale murders of a savage soldiery. Only those who remained in the Philip pines and have seen and shared the sufferings and the brutalities in flicted upon the masses of our pop ulation can testify to the valor and patriotism and loyalty of the men, women and children of the Philip pines. The Filipinos remained lo yal throughout the darkest hours and fought back. We fought back everywhere and everyone fought back. We fought back in the hills, and in the owns and cities y we fought back as guerrilla groups, as farmerism factory workers, public officials and employees, and from the ordinary walks of civilian life. It is not so difficult to follow the surging march of a victorious armv sweeping forward with irres istible force to overwhelm a retreat ing foe, hut it requires moral stam ina, the finest steel in men’s hearts to continue » resisting the terrors and brutalities of an inhuman en emy for three long vears. sustain ed only by the confidence that some day sometime the forces of libera tion would sweep the country to help the people regain their home land and drive away the ruthless invader. When the history of those stirring days is written,, the pages will appear drenched in blood and tears, but upon; them will ap pear in letteres of living light the funsurpassed heroism of thousands of Filipinos who. suffered or died that race might survive and that our nation might again be free. Those pages will recount the most inspiring again 'epic of mass resis tance in opr annals and many gen erations will read them with pride and gratitude as proof to posterity that our nation is fit to live be cause her people are unafraid to die in defense of their liberties. The destruction which the war has wrought on our land has been great and widspread. There is hard ly a hamlet in the Philippines that has not been laid waste hv the en; emv. Our fairest cities have been raised to the ground : our homes and factories are in ashes; our farms have been devastated •. nothing is left of our comirr r*e, our ships, our communication ' f id land transpor tation systems. Our national eco nomy has been disrupted and disorr ganized and our productive «ystem severely damaged. We can expect only a meager portion of our nor mal revenues before the war and , our national production income is less than 20% of the prewar level. ' This situation creates social ana • economic problems which challenge the vision and statesmanship "of out 30 The NATION HISTORIC SPEECHES government and our people. Our only hope for an early recovery is in the speedy gant of the aid for our rehabilitation ko generously proffered by the United States and for which we should be deeply thankful. But it is upon ourselves that we should depend chiefly for the solution of some of our most pressing problems. It is upon our selves, upon our willingness and eagerness to work and bring back productive enterprise that we can rely most for immediate relief. And this we could de even while we are still fighting this war, even while our sons are at the front and in the trenches bravely assisting the Am erican forces in the effort to com plete the liberation of our country and achieve final victory over Ja pan. We must put our farms into production, open the doors of cre dit, canalyze capital into productive activities, revive our commerce, re establish our transportation and communication systems, ebuild our factories, stabilize our Currency, solve our fiscal problems and create oppotunities fo labor. We riiust correlate wages with actual living costs, prevent inflation and restore confidence of the people in their government. SAINT RITA’S ACADEMY San Sebastian, Manila offers the following courses : 1. KINDERGARTEN ----------------------2. ELEMENTARY 3. HIGH SCHOOL 4. DRESSMAKING 5. SECRETARIAL 6. MUSIC Claeses begin on July 2, 1945. For particulars, refer to the Rev, M, Superidr. For Prosperous Business, Steady Job, and Lifetime, Income in your homes, do not forget to enroll in due DE LUXE FASHIOH SCHOOL ® pressmaking, Coiffuring, Hair Science, & Tailoring © Apply at 1424 AZCARRAGA—Dulung Bayan Bridge ENROLLMENT in full swing at the QUEZON HIGH SCHOOL (AuthorizecTby the Government) 1601 and 1639 Dapitan, Manila Offers COMPLETE HIGH SCHOOL Classes begin on/July 2, 1945 For particulars, see J. T. Maramara (Harvard)—Director With the inauguration of the of the Philippines, we are taking one of the most significant steps towards the reestablishment of a constitutional government. But that is not enough. We must reestab lish constitutional processes; we must maintain and enforce a regime of law; we must set up and uphold justice for all. Everyone should be entitled to invoke the guarantees of our constitution and our laws. In that way alone shall we be able to bring back peace to the hearts of our people and contentment and happiness for our countrymen. I invite your attention to these problems. 1 urge upon you the duty of approaching them “with malice towards none”, with a firm desire to do what is right and just, with a determination to place the interests of our country uppermost íd our minds. Our people have suffered too much to allow ourselves the temptation of deviating from this path to which their self-inter est and patriotism backon us. For my par, I assume you, I shall fol low that course no matter the cost, and may my people forget me if I fail them in this supreme hour. A Visit to Ai Advertiser Like our sister publication, The Observer, we organized irStaff of check-up inspectors <^n the adver tisers of The Nation, BOB’S) CAMERA PORTRAIT was our first place visited. We found Mr. Razon, photo grapher par excellence, quite busy with a number of customers. There were doughboys, gobs, WACS, and some of Manila’s “400” with whom we had a nod ding acquaintance. It was some time before Mr. Razon reached our turn. “Photograph?” he addressed us. “Is it a portraiture or a view you want?” We laughed. We’re from The Nation/' we said. “Oh!” he said. “Want to look a/ound? We can talk as I work.” We followed him around as he served customer after customer. His phototechnic seemed strange to us, but the results produced were like those of'Hollywood por traits. “Have ever been in Hollywood? They’d appreciate your spectacu lar method there.” He smiled very disarmingly.* “My method was threshed out-of personal experiments for years, but mostly patterned, of course, after Hollywood processes.” There was a touch distinctly personal and different in the Ra zon technique of photoportraiture. We were very much intrigued, and as if carried by a strong current, We found ourselves in front of a camera with Mr. Razon peering at us from behind it. “Will it be good?” we asked. The artistic temperament in Bob Razon seemed to be up a moment, but his good nature got the better of him. “Many of these Ol’s and WAC’s and Manila’s 400 have come back three or four times for more art and glamour in their poses.” That’s a fact. We would come back and come back and come back for more of anything we like very much. It seems that Bob’s portraits are well liked. (Advt') JULY, 1945 31 _ The COMMONWEALTH _ of the PHILIPPINES Know the High Officials of Our Government 1—THE COMMONWEALTH THE EXECUTIVE HONORABLE SERGIO OSMEÑA President of the Philippines HON. JAIME HERNANDEZ Secretary of Finance HON. DELFIN JARANILLA Secretary of Justice HON. MAXIMO M. KALAW Sec. of Public Instruction and Information HON. SOTERO CABAHUG Secretary of Public Works HON. VICENTE SINGSON ENCARNA CION Secretary of Agriculture and Commerce HON. MARCEL© ADDURU Secretary of Labor THE LEGISLATIVE The Senate Hon. Melecio Arranz Hon. Nicolas Buendia Hon. Mariano Jesus Cuenco Hon. Ramon Fernandez Hon. Carlos P. Garcia Hon. Pedro C. Hernaez Hon. Domingo Imperial Hon. Elpidio Quirino Hon. Esteban de la Rama Hon. Vicente Rama Hon. Eulogio Rodríguez Hon. Rafael Martinez Hon. MANUEL A. ROXAS (Pre sident) Hon. Alauya Alonto Hon. Ramon Torres (Senator Maramba died during the Jap occupation. Senator Ozar miz is also presumably dead. All the rest of the 24 Senators are not available.) The House Hon. Valentin S. Afable (Zamba* les) Hon. Vicente Agan (Deceased, from Batanes) Hon. Ombra Amilbangsa (Not available, from Sulu) Hon. Benigno S. Aquino (Not available, 1st. Dist. Tarlac) Hon. Ramon A. Arnaldo (Capiz, 1st. Dist.) x Hon. Jose Artadi (Not available, Misamis Oriental) Hon. Pedro Arteche (Deceased, Samar, 2nd Dist. Hon. Gabriel Belmonte (Nueva Ecija, 2nd. Dist.) Hon. Pascual Beltran (Pangasinan, 3rd. Dist.) Hon. Jose Bengzon (Pangasinan, 1st. Dist.) Hon. Isabelo Binamira (Albay, 1st. Dist.) Hon. Juan V. Borra (Iloilo, 5th. Dist.) Hon. Leon Cabarroguis (Nueva Vizcaya) Hon. Mateo Canonoy (Leyte, 1st. Dist.) Hon. Nicanor Carag (Not availa ble, Cagayan, 1st. Dist.) Hon. Lino J. Castillejo (Not available, Isabela) Hon. Olegario B. Clarín (Bohol, 2nd. Dist.) Hon. Engracio P. Clemeña (Ma nila, 1st. Dist.) Hon. Jose Cojuangco (Tarlac, 2nd. Dist.) Hon. Miguel Cuenco (Cebu, 5th. Dist.) Hon. Sofronio Española (Pala wan) Hon. Emilio Espinosa (Masbate) Hon. Jose P. Fausto (Pampanga, 2nd. Dist.) Hon. Manuel Fortich (Deceased, Bukidnon) Hon. Leonardo Festin (Romblon) Hon. Jose Fuentebella (Camari nes Sur, 2nd. Dist.) Hon. Manuel V. Gallego (Nueva Ecija, 1st. Dist.) Hon. Aguedo Gonzaga (Negros Occ., 2bd Dist.) Hon. Crisanto Guysayko ( D e - ceased, Laguna, 2nd. Dist.) Hon, Agustin Y. Kinatanar (Ce bu, 4th. Dist.) Hon. Eligió Lagman (Not avail able, Pampanga, 1st. Dist.) Hon. Jose B. Laurel (Not avail able, Bataagas, 3rd. Dist.) Hon. Francisco Lavides (Not available, Tayabas, 1st. Dist.) Hon. Vicente T/Lazo (llocos Nor te, 1st. T>ist.) Hon. Oscar Ledesma (Iloilo, 2nd. Dist.) Hon. Raul T. Leuterio (Mindoro-) Hon. Pedro Lopez (Cebu, 2nd. Dist.) Hon. Tiburcio Lutero (Iloilo, 3rd. Dist. Hon. Antonio Llamas (Deceased, Bataan) Hon. Salvador T. Lluch (Lanao) Hon. Enrique B. Magalona^(Neg. Occ., 1st. Dist.) Hon. Cecilio Maneja (Marinduque) Hon. Alfonso Mendoza (Manila, 2nd. Dist.) Hon. Ramon P. Mitra. (Not avail able, Mt. Prov., 2nd. Dist.) Hon. Justiniano Montano (Cavite) Hon. Filomeno Monte jo (Leyte, 4th. Dist.) Hon. Gregorio M o r r e r o (Mt. Prov., 3rd. Dist., Not available) Hon. Ricardo Navarro (Surigao) Hon. Emigdio V. Nietes (Anti que) Hon. Maximino Noel (Cebu, 3rd. Dist.) Hon. Elisa R. Ochoa (Agusan) Hon. Felix Opimo (Samar, 3rd.. Dist.) Hon Tomas Oppus (Leyte, 3rd. Dist.) Hon. Eusebio Orense (Deceased. Batangas, 2nd. Dist.) Hon. Francisco Ortega (La Union, 1st. Dist.) Hon. Jesus Paredes (Abra) Hon. Emilio de la Paz (Rizal, 2nd. Dist.) Hon. Eugenio Perez (Pangasinan, 2nd. Dist.) Hon. Francisco Perfecto (Albay, 4th. Dist.) Hon. Ugalingan Piang (Not avail able, Cotabato) Hon. Miguel P. Pio (Cagayan, 2nd. Dist.) Hon. Cipriano Primicias (Panga sinan, 4th. Dist.) Hon. Conrado Potenciano (Lagu na, 1st. Dist.) Hon. Nicolas Rafols (Cebu, 6th. Dist.) Hon. Narciso Ramos (Pangasinan, 5th. Dist.) Hon. Marcial Rañola (Albay, 3rd. Dist.) Hon. Margante Revilles (De ceased, Bohol, 3rd. Dist.) Hon. Jaime M. Reyes (Camarines Sur, 1st. Dist.) Hon. Juan M. Reyes (Deceased, Capiz, 3rd. Dist.) Hon. Enrique Rimando (La Union, 2nd. Dist.) Hon. Celestino Rodriguez (Cebu, 1st. Dist.) Hon. Jose V. Rodríguez (Cebu, 7th. Dist.) Hon. Eugenio del Rosario (Misa mis Occ.) Hon. Norberto Roque (Sorsogon, 1st. Dist.) Hon. Decoroso Rosales (Samar, 32 The NATION 1st. Dist.) Hon. Conrado Rubio (Not avail able, llocos Norte) Hon. Jose Romero (Negros Or., 2nd. Dist.) Hon. Prospero Sanidad (Iloeos Sur, 2nd. Dist.) Hon. Ceferino de los Santos (Ilo ilo, 4th- Dist.) Hon. Juan A. Sarenas (Davao) Hon. Jesus Serrano (Iloeos Sur, 1st. Dist.) Hon. Francisco Sevilla (Rizal, 1st. Dist.) ’ Hon. George K. Tait (Mt. Prov., 1st. Dist.) Hon. Dominador M. Tan (Leyte, 2nd Dist.) Hon. Julian L. Teves (Neg. Or., 1st. Dist.) Hon. Miguel Tolentino (Batangas, 1st. Dist.) Hon. Leon Valencia (Deceased, • Bulacan, 1st. Dist.) Hon. Jose Valenciano (Albay, 2nd. Dist.) Hon. Raymundo Vargas (Neg. Occ., 3rd. Dist.) Hon. Jose Ma. Veloso (Not avail able, Leyte, 5th. Dist.) Hon. Teodoro de Vera (Sorsogon, 2nd. Dist.) Hon. Antonio Villarama (Bula can, 2nd. Dist.) Hon. Wenceslao Vinzons (Camari nes Norte, Deceased) Hon. Genaro Visarrg (Bohol, 1st. Dist.) troyers and two or three carriers Hon. Pedro Ynsua (Tayabas, Dist.) Hon. JOSE C. ZULUETA (Speaker) THE JUDICIAL The Supreme Court Hon. Delfin Jaranilla Hon. Felicisimo Feria Hon. Jose Espiritu Hon. Gregorio Perfecto Hon. Francisco Delgado Hon. Mariano de Joya Hon. Emilio Hilado Hon. Guillermo Pablo UNINATIONS CHARTER In a historic session claimaxing • efforts to establish World peace the Uniteed Nations have approved a charter, an international court and an interim organization. For Comfort and Style Visit— MOM’S PLACE Musih and Entertainers NO COVER CHARGE 509 Tandüay DELEGATES FROM RUSSIA Reversing its previous stand the 1st. fsSR is sending two delegates to the London conference which has been called lor the trial of those accused of being war criminals. Jap Navy Is Badly Crippled Two partly converted battleNyaga; the battleship Nagato and ships, and half carrier, the Jse and two other old battleships not in commission, approximately 30 des Forrest Sherman, Deputy Chief of Staff\of Admiral Nimitz: Besides áh undetermined number of submarines, the following sur face ships are all that is left of the once proud Imperial Japanese Navy, according to Rear Admiral not ready for service. White House SCOTCH WHISKY TYPE WHISKY GIN BENEDICTINE Best Wine of Various Kinds Blended with Fascinating Flavor Guaranteed: NO HANG OVER! V. LILARAM & COMPANY 523 Rizal Ave., Manila JULY, 1945 33 The Nation’s PARROT—Speaks NO DOUBT we shall receive many criticisms, both cQnstructive and destructive. We shall not mind. It is only human,—both to praise and to find fault. We are publishing The Nation for an ideal, -a national ideal. WE GIVE YOU, for instance, “Historic Speeches” by Gen. MacArthur, by President Osmeña, by Senate President Roxas. Thj*y are for your record and ^our library. One of these days, you will want to refer to them. Their being toge ther would be a great convenience to you and to all of us. These speeches represent history in the making. TRAGEDY AND SORROW, dis tinctly personal, stalk the return of our distinguished President Ser gio Osmeña. "A President and His Sons” was inspired by the strength of character manifested by our grand old man. This one is by our Associate Editor, Mr^ Antonio Za carias. OSMEÑA VS. ROXAS. What LET THE MOB THAT DAILY FLOCK TO OUR DOORS SPEAK FOR US... MAAG • Modem Advertising Agency * SIGNS * POSTERS * PORTRAITS * BILLBOARDS * CIÑE SLIDES * ADVERTISING LAY-OUTS 890 RIZAL AVE. TONY VELASQUEZ, Mgr. are their chances in their coming presidential fight? If the elections were to be held tomrorow, who is the most probable winner? These questions are answered and ex plained by a veteran political writ er who knows politics and the peo ple in the political game IS THIS our country ? JMH. And he sat down to write his ideas for the readers of The Nation. We would like very much to talk of our dear friend, JMH, but he does not desire publicity, so we keep mum. asks EFRAIN Ma. GUERRERO, young newspaperman, furnishes us the motif for the month of July,— American Democracy. WHITMAN HAS many follow ers in his “Leaves of Grass,” par ticularly “Song of Myself.” Sgt. Harry H. Eckstein (Meeting: Post-Invasion) combines American and Filipino feeling. Harry was born and raised in Germany and was subjected early in life to the terroristic forces which later theatened to engulf the world. He came to America alone, os a very young boy, where he found normal life and a secure future. A high school valedictorian, he studied Govern ment at Harvard University. Joined the Armed Forces in 1943. “I feel that I have something im portant in common with the Filipi“We have both per nos,” he says. sonally tasted and witnessed the ways of our enemies. We know why we fight-and that military vic tory is only the beginning of our battle. In return for our expe riences we have not earned sym pathy but only the responsibility of bnilding and trusting in the kind of world for which we fight. It is fitting that the Philippine people, who represent the hope in a new world, and the American armies, who represent its strength, should now bo brought together in this task ” Jap Premier Is Jittery Premier Suzuki of Japan, in a recent radio talk warned his peo ple that Jaqpn now faces an in vasion crisis unparalleled since the Mongols tried to sweep over the islands in 1274. Said Suzuki: “This crisis is the greatest one since the Mongolian invasion, Now is the time to decide the destiny of the Japanese Empire.” Confesor ArtdCabUi Out Tomas Confesor, Secretary of the Interior, and Tomas Cabili, Secretary of National Defense, the two most vociferous members of Osmeña’s Cabinet, have been ap pointed members of the Philippine Rehabilitation Committee and will leave for the States in the near future. Their appointment to the new positions is considered a vir tual ouster from the Cabinet. | Broadway Optical & Watch Supply < ► Optometrist * Optician < > O DIRECT IMPORTERS — WHOLESALERS — RETAILERS <> Completo StoSk: Optical Goods, Watch Spare Parts, Watch Repairer Tools, etc., etc. <’ < ► We atoo bu, Watch spare parts and Optical Goods. J ¡ FRANCISCO SO BING SIU <► < ► Manager x ; ¡ *79 Nueva St., Manila < * $oooeooooo*oooooeoooooo»ooo»»oao»oooo»ooooooooooooooooooeoeeoooooeo»o«ooci> 34 The NATION Why SHOULD YOU KUN AROUND LOOKING FOR AUTO & TRUCK H UI PACTS? <®> AS NEW Bambang AUTO-SUPPLY TIRES GOOD CARRIES THE MOST COMPLETE LINE The besf place to buy for dependable & longer service Prices Most Reasonable Bambang Auto Supply 721 Bambang Street RAD’Q GAMERA U vD U PORTRAITS 881 RIZAL AVE. ♦* Let us Glorify that Beauty.... with more Art & Glamour.... thru that Treasured