Industrial Notes

Media

Part of Philippine Craftsman

Title: Industrial Notes
Language: English
Rights
Fulltext: J.VDCSTRJ,JL XOTES 499 !l I; - ~ ;;; ! t ll 500 THE Pli/UPPIXE CRA.FTSJJ.-tN - - - - 6Z---- -; 6:. ..... ·j i I ···~~~ll-! .f-'o.!.. ,: . i ~ -{I~ -------_0, - - - - - - 1r . r= .r<;l- I ' )-- 0 ). I ((] : I 0 ·- ~. '~ N " ~ ~ "' - I (, JE ,-rr . 0 . 0 1------rI INDUSTRIAL NOTES. TANAUAN SCHOOL NURSERY, nes, Bulacan, Cavite, and 1\lani\a. The Tanauan School Nursery was The year 1911 proved very severe founded in June, 1910. Tanauan, for the development of the nursery Batangas, was chosen as the site for on account of the long continued this school because of its central drought and the inadequate artificial location in what is now the chief supply of water. However, some citrus fruit belt of the Philippines. 10,000 additional plants were set out, Durin!! the school year of 1910, one- 200 of which were cuttings of choice Tuau•n nuroery exhibit, Education e•hibll, Flrol PhilipplneE•posltlnn. half hectare (H acres) of land was planted with seedlings and work begun by starting 10,000 orange, 500 mulberry, 1,000 coffee, and 200 cacao plants. Durin~ the first year seedlings to the value of -1•200 were shipped to the Provinces of Mindoro, Camariroses. During the year the sales increased many times over that of the previous year. A further enlargement of the work is planned for the present year. It is intended to extend the nurseries to the homes of all pupils who live within visiting distance of the school. 501 502 THE Pl-JILIPPIXE CRAFTS.l/AN A suitable plot will be fenced and a small home nursery of hi~h standard will be maintained. In this way the school will acquaint all fruit grow· ers with modern methods of culture; conduct actual demonstrations; study local conditions; and furnish a suppi~' of young seedlings of the best varieties. The boys at this school are being taug-ht budding and the placing of grafts. This work will be extended as fast as suitable buds and scions are available, so that finally seedlings will be grown only for "nursery stock." A fine exhibit of seedlings from this nursery was shown at the First Philippine Exposition held in i\lanila, Februar~· 3 to 10, 1912. Some 5,000 plants were displayed in the Satangas provincial booth, forming an exhibit which was awarded both a gold medal and a diploma. A sma11er but \'e1·y creditable exhibit was a feature of the Industrial Exhibition of the Bureau of Education George Whiting. EDITOn"s NOT£.-Mr. Geo. Whiting, who has had actual charge of the nursery since it was started, has lived for a number of years in the citt-us fruit belt and has made an extended study of the local fruit industry. The method of weaving- hats in the Philippines is slightly different from that employed by the weavers in Ja,·a. In the Philippines a block is employed while the crown is being woven. In Java the block is not utilized at all. However, in Java a small board or table with a hole in the center is used by the hat \\ea,·ers. After the crown of the hat has been woven, it is placed in the hole and the weaving on the brim is begun. The use of this table does not necessarily increase the production of the hats but it enables the weavers to work at an advantage on the bl"im. In order that the crowns may be smooth, regular and of uniform finish, the use of the block is advised. It is believed that it would be a g-ood plan to encourage the introduction of the table in connection with the hat block already in use in the Philippine Islands. Figure 1 illustrates the table and its use.J. F. l\1. INDUSTRIA.L SOTES 503 Since the establishment of Amel'ican Government in the Philippine Islands, it has been the policy of the Bureau of Education to encourage in e\'el'Y possible way the reading of good school jout·nals and other pet·iodicals, and their distribution among the teachers and students of the public schools. The results in the years that have passed have been very gratifying. With the entt·ance of THE PHILII'PINE CRAt'TSMAN into the field of industrial and educational periodicals, some intel'esting facts have been brought to light concerning the numbet· of subscriptions which are being placed for the various school papers and magazines by the teachers of the public schools. In one province alone-Union-the number of subscriptions that have been placed by the teachers totals 127. The listisdistributedasfo!lows: 42 Philippine Education J3 PIHLll'PII<l: C~M'rS>IAN j Manila Weekly Time• 4 Filipino Student 6 Normal ln~ tructor ! ~:~~;,:~ .. ~ian• S Modem Pri•eilla 4 Youth'o Companion 2 Philippine Agricultural Rede" l Ladi et~' Home Journ~l a Correct En11li~h 6Philippine Fr..., l'ress 2 Manila Tim"" I Elementary School Teacher 7 Philipr>inc Planter I Review of Re,·iew~ 1 w...,kly Inter-Ocean 2 Cosmopolitan 2 Woman'o Home Compani<>n 2 Filipino Youth I E,·eryh<>dy'o Mao:azine l World'o Work I Delineator In the September issue of THE PHILIPI'INE CRAFTSMAN the following corrections should be noted: On page 189 "Plate XXII" should be changed to read "Plate XXIV," and in the first paragraph on page 192 the letter "a" should be canceled and the figure "2" substituted. Following are criticisms upon designs found in the November number of the ''Modern Priscilla" and the September and October numbers of the "Paris Journal of Fancy Work and Fashion'': The ''Modern Priscilla'' for November contains ideas and designs generally more suitable for the ladies of an American home than for partially trained Filipino pupils in the public schools. However, several of the illustrations furnish g-ood ideas for a practical and painstaking teacher in the needlewo1·k department of our public schools. Several of the designs for pincushions illustrated on page 6 could be adapted to school use; for example, the long one with the bit of reticella shown on page 6, No. 12-112, would be easier to make and more attractive if design No. 12-11-8 were substituted; a fut'ther improvement would be made if the eyelet and ribbon joining seen in No. 12-11-9 were substituted for the mattress style. Design 12-ll-9 is too elaborate; it would be bettet· to omit the net or silk ruffle at the edge and The records of this office substitute a design adapted from show more than 1,300 paid sub- No. 12-11-7. scriptions. The majority of these Although cut work is very diffiare in the Philippines, of course, cult fot· children to make, yet it with some scattering subscriptions would seem advisable to introduce in the United States and in foreign a little of it into the schools for the countries. At the head of the list sake of variety; a very pretty cutof school divisions stand the Prov- work pincushion can be made by inces of Tarlac and Laguna, with using design and form in No. 12-11-3; 104 and 90 subscl'iptions respectively. instead of the mattress style of edge, 504 THE PH!LIPPJSE' CRAFTSJIAN it would be better to use the eyelet and ribbon of No. 12-8-19. Design 12-11-1 gives an opportunity for the use of the true filet and Venetian lace motifs for the top, but the top should be fastened to the bottom by means of eyelets and l"ibbon as seen in No. 12-11-9. The wheat design, No. 12-11-7, is simple and pretty and 'very ..appropriate because of the amount of open work. The remaining desig-ns are rather too elaborate for small cushions. The cross-stitched colored cushion, No. 12-11-14, on page 8, could easily be made by small children under the supervision of a teacher and would form a pleasant spot of color among the mass of work on white goods done in the schools. The best designs on page 9 are Nos. 12-ll-19 and 12-11-18, the others being too elaborate. On pag>e 11, the best designs for school work are Nos. 12-ll-24, 12-1134,12-11-35, and 12-ll-33,though the teacher, of course, should exercise great care in the choice of colors and ;:;hades. On page 12 the best desig-n is 12-11-38; No. 12-11-46 would be p1·etty indeed, if the correct shades and materials were properly combined. It is always much better to omit all work in color unless the teacher is prepared to direct and supervise it very closely indeed. Nos. 11-ll-·J.I and 12-ll-47 would also be nttractive and the latter could be made by small children. Probably the mo~t desirable designs on pag-e 15 are ·I and 5; Nos. 7, 8, and 9 could be well made if foundations of wood or metal were obtainable; illustrations Nos. 12-11-54, 12-Jl-56, 12-11-57 and 12-11-58 are simple and suitable for beginners in embroidery. No. 12-11-60 require~ more skill and expensive material. If cut work is desired in the school, two !!"QOd designs are shown in figs. 12-11-61 and 12-ll-63. On page 23, fig. 12-11-70 is simple and pretty and can be easil~· made. The main objections to the designs for basketry on page 24 probably would be the difficulty in keeping them in an upright position while in usc. The simple tatting edges and insertions are generally easy for small children to make, but the skill and time necessary to mak~ articles illustmted on page 27 would better be spent in Irish crochet so long as it is so much in demand. The designs on page 30 arc good, with the exception of No. 12-11-73. This would be more appropriate for a towel if the two side branches were eliminated, leaving only the center wreath and initial. The best patterns for handkerchiefs on page 35 are Nos. 12-ll-85, 12-11-80,12-11-78, and 12-11-84; generally it is better to finish the edge by means of a dainty hemstitched hem rather than by filets or scallops. Designs Nos. 12-4-28, 12-7-17, 12-7-16, 12-8-19, 11-8-12, and 12-7-13 on pages 76 and 77 could be made by the average Filipino girl and would find a ready sale; pattern No. 12-851 is simple and artistic and could easily be adapted for use on a towel. Probably the best design for school use in the October number of the ··Paris Journal of Fancy Work and Fashion'' is found on page 12: the othe1· designs of this journal seem inappropriate in one way or another. In the September number of the same journal is a good design for Renais~ance lace, fig. 4. For sake of variety, where time, material, etc .. permit, Venetian and filet lace might be introduced; figs. 5 and 6 on page 10, and figs. 1 and 2 on page 11 could be done by bcginners.-E. M. M. From the division of Bohol, Acting Superintendent W. B. Beard sends the following notes prepared by various teachers in the division: The progress made in the town of INDUSTRIAL SOTES 505 Loon along the line of lace making and basket1·y promises soon to upset aH the cheap pessimism about ''what comes out of Loon." The baskets already finished are of a grade that will compa1·e with the best, both in workmanship and orig-inality of design. Along' the line of gardening, success is also being met. Radish, pechay, okra, and squash, as well as a fine crop of corn, have been raised by the students. In the town of Antequera especially good results were obtained in lace making. Linen and cotton lace, Irish crochet, and macrame hand-bags of good quality have been turned out. At Duero considerable interest is being shown in the corn contests, and the municipal officials have offered prizes for the best results. Efforts are also being made to protect the crop from locusts and other pests, and to this work the president of the town will give assistance by a lecture setting forth the best methods of contending with this scourge. It is gratifying to learn what has been accomplished toward improving the school g t·ounds at Jagna. The supervising teacher for that town writes that through the coOperation of teachers and pupils, a very pretty lawn intersected by coral and shell walks and surrounded by a stone fence has been made. "The pupils and teachers desire," he says, "to make the school the social, literary, and athletic center of the town, and it seems that their effort~ will be crowned with success." From the industrial inspector at Tagbilaran comes a new and ingenious method of dyeing baskets. He states, in part: ''It has been found that nito is not the only industrial material that mud will work on, but that buri straw, buri raffia and ticug can be dyed in the following manner: "Process J.-Boil the materi(ll in water with the barks of the talisay and banti trees cut into small pieces. "Process 2.-After boiling fifteen minutes, take the material from the water and bury in the mud fot· two days. "Process 9. If it is not well blackened repeat the above process. "Process 4.-Wash the material in clear running water and dry in the sun from 7 to9 o'clock in the morning and from 4 to 6 o'clock in the afternoon. "Process 5.~Polish the material by rubbing it with common cloth. ''The color obtained by following out the above processes should be a jet black." Industrial Supervisor J. C. Cudoba, of Camarines, has pt·esented the following notes: The corn campaign in Camarines has been carried on under exceptional difficulties. Last year it was all sun and no rain; this year it is all rain and no sun. And corn will not grow during wet weather. One thousand kilos of seed corn were received from the Bureau of Agriculture. However, this was so badly damaged by weevils that only prompt work saved any of it for planting. Nevertheless, many energetic teachers took up this work with enthusiasm and have been rewarded by good crops, considering the many adverse conditions that had to be met. It might be remarked that the sequence of seasons-rainy and dryare such that even when conditions are normal, one cannot hope for a harvest of corn to make a showing at the Carnival in February. The best time for planting com in Camarines is directly after the heavy rains have ceased-some time between November and Januar~'· 506 THE PHILIPPJSE CRAFTSM .. lN During the first two weeks of November the schools of Calabanga harvested 1,150 ears of corn in the two corn ~ontests, and the end is not ret in sif,:"ht. Calabang-a district will have a demonstration Decembet· 20 and 21. A corn queen and her court will preside over the vadous contests--corn, industrial, athletic, and declamation and be· stow suitable prizes. Nueva Caceres had a corn day and demon~tration November 23. The presidents of all the municipalities of the province attended. At the industrial exhibit, the Central School sold over 1'300 worth of industrial articles, mostly I !'ish crochet. A second corn campaign will be inaugurated as soon as the heavy rains cease. Over one thousand ears of seed corn have been secured for distribution by the industrial supervisor and a much better crop is looked for. The pottery school of Libmanan has finally begun turning out work. In spite of several delays encountered in installing this plant, many pots have been molded and interest and enthusiasm have not been lacking. Unfortunately, however, it will require several months before the pots alread~· molded can be fired and it is feared that no exhibit can be sent to the Carnival this year. A word of warning regarding the conservation of basket materials may not be out of place. The supply of this material in the Islands is not unlimited; unless due care is taken the same unfortunate 1·esults may obtain here as are to be seen in the destruction of the supposedly inexhaustible forests of America. The school children in Camarines have raided all near-by localities and denuded them of basket material, and now only remote corne1·s of the province can supply the stock. Moderation and judgment would have avoided this. Had the pupils left a leaf or two to each plant, futu1·e growth would have assured abundant material. Students in Camarines during the past year have evidenced a great deal of interest, among other things in the fabrication of slippers. Not only have hemp slippers been fashioned according to former models, but i,nitiative has been shown in the develoPment of new desig-ns and models as well. Over a dozen varieties of hemp slippers have been developed, and several hundred will be sent to the Carnival in Februar~·. INVL"STRIAL SOTES 507 One of the featm·es of the inauguration of the new building of the Philippine Normal School was a display of the industrial products of that institution. The finished products were in glass front cases, and we!'e g-rouped according to the materials from which they were manufactured. The unfinished work was left in its proper place in the room, so that the regular wo1·king- appearance of the room might not be disturbed. The loom-weaving room contained four cloth looms and three matting looms. In the first loom a warp was being set up, ready for weaving; in the second, a piece of cotton cloth fo1· beginners; in the third, an allabaca cloth with designs; in the fourth , an all-silk roll of handkerchief silk. \'arious kinds of cloth made on these hand looms were displayed in rolls in the front part of the room. The matting- looms were filled with mats in process of weaving. One contained a ticug; anothe1·, a balangot; and still another, a lupisabaca mat. In the hat room were sabutan, bamboo, buri, and buntal hats of various sizes, shapes, and weaves. Some of these, when finished, will be ll531$---5 of the very best quality produced. One of the finest of the hats is what is locally known as a Baliuag-Lukban hat. It is rather rare and has been woven here for only two or three years. It is made of buntal fibe1·, from Lukban, and woven after the manner of the bamboo hats of Baliuag. The Irish crochet exhibit contained a larg-e number of laces and insertions, very creditably exe~uted, whole-piece designs for underwear and yokes, hatbands, opera and shopping bags, jabots, collars, etc. This made one of the prettiest displays on exhibit. The embroidery room, which is situated on the top ftoor of the Taft wing, is splendidly lighted and well adapted for this work. Here were exhibited two bureau scarfs and a thirty-eig-ht-piece table set on heavy linen, besides embroideJ.:!d shirt waists, tea sets, center pieces, handkerchiefs, hand-bajZ's, card cases, collar-", etc. A very pretty center piece with a dais~·-desij.,'7l was one of the most elaborately worked and finely executed pieces on exhibit. Some of the best piect>s of embroidery were left in the frames, only partially finished. In fact, the embroidery seen 5{)8 TilE PH!LIPPI.\'E CRAFTS.llAN in the cases represented but a very small per cent of the year's work. A large collection of linen laces of more than fifty different designs were displayed on the pillows. Laces, insertions, bags, motifs, and wholepiece designs from the simplest to the most difficult, could be seen, both in the cases and hung about the room. The basketry rvom had the largest collection of objects. Baskets of bamboo, rattan, banban, tipon-tipon, THE CORN" CAMPAIGN. A successful demonstration held at Cam11ing, Tarlac, November 22, 1!)12. The demonstration was given in booths erected on the plaza. The festivities began at 9.30 in the moming and lasted until midnight. Com foods ::wd other features pertaining to the growth and use of corn were shown in the decorated booths, which were surrounded by a crowd throughout the day. Eight Crowds at th~ Camiling corn d~monstration. nito, buntal, abaca, and lupis, both finished and unfinished, were displayed in large numbers. A unique basket for collars, cuffs, and thimbles was made of buntal. booths were erected and used for cooking and serving corn coffee, hoecake, johnn~·-cake, corn mush, hot cakes, and corn fritters. In one of the booths the use of a small hand In the same room was a leather- mill for preparing corn meal was sole slipper with abaca top, with demonstrated; this feature was a which visitors were especially center of attraction. It is estimated pleased. This is the first year that that 8,000 people attended and rethis kind of slipper has been turned m11ined during the day to sample tfre out. The elementary hand-weaving corn foods, witness the demonstraexercises and designed mats wer'! tion of the hand corn mill, and listen displayed upon tables in the rear of to the music furnished by the Cathe room. miling band. INDUSTRIAL NOTES 509 In the evening an entertainment and dance were held in the school building. Addresses were made by the provincial govemor, the division superintendent of schools, and the municipal president. A neat little folder, containing general information pertaining to the production of corn and a collection of corn recipes, has been printed in T!ocano and is being used in the division of La Union in connection with the many corn demonstrations now being held as a part of the campaign. The i~suing of the recipes in the form of folders is an excellent idea, as it enables the people to keep the recipes for ready reference and use at home. Division Cit·cular No. 26, s. 1912, "Instructions on Corn Growing," issued by the division of Isabela, is a \'Cry instructive circular and outlines in considerable detail many essential points to be observed in the production of good corn. It is one of the many instructi\·e corn circulars issued by the various divisions. The first of the series of corn demonstrations which has been planned for the Province of Oriental Negros was held in Dumaguete, November 25, 1912. Other demonstrations are to be held in all municipalities and larger barrios of the province. Probably one of the most instructive circulars issued in connection with the corn campaign is division Circular No. 28, s. 1912, "Corn Demonstrations," from Agusan. Information is given as to what should be shown at corn demonstrations. All features are taken up and discussed in a manner planned to furnish details to teachers who shall have charge of corn demonstrations. The Province of Agusan has been liberal in fumishing funds for the conduct of the com campaign. Division Circular No. 112, s. 1912, "Agricultural Exhibit for the Division of Capiz," outlines a very commendable plan for securing the agricultural products to be sent to the Industrial Exhibition to be held in i\Ianila, February 1 to 9, 1913, during the l\lanila Carni\·al. Capiz had a very creditable display of garden products at the last exhibition, and judging from the enterprise which is being shown it is planned to send a la1·ger exhibit to the coming exhibition. As the result of the present corn campaign, the people of Capiz P!·ovince have become very much interested in agricultural education. They are planning to secure a site for a farm school near the provincial capital. In this project the Philippine Railway Company has expressed its desire to coOperate with the Bu1·eau of Education. The following excerpt is taken from an article in the November number of the Agricultural Review, Bureau of Agriculture, on corn demonstration in the Philippines: ''The Bureau of Education is carrying on a constant and consis· tent campaign for the betterment of the food supply of the Philippines. Its object is twofold: the improvement of quality and variety, and the increase in quantity. The severe drought of the past year attended by a great shortage in the rice crop showed clearly the danger to the people of depending too much !ln one sole crop, and especially a crop so sensitive to weather conditions as rice. ''Commencing in June of this year the Bureau began an energetic and practical effort to interest the people in maize and to prove to them that maize as an article of diet was more nutritious than rice and as a plant was hardier and more easily mised. It was not the desire to 51,0 THE PHILlPPISE CR .. lFTS.liAN supplant rice but to supplement it opened on October 15, 1912, when a as a food and to utilize in corn sale of industrial articles was held. culture, land which now lies waste or untilled. It is hoped to convince the public that maize is a most desirable food from the standpoints of economr, nutritive qualities and hardiness under adverse weather conditions." This is one of many excellent comments that have appeared from time to time in publications in the Philippines and shows the coOperation and interest which is being taken in the co1·n campaign of this BuA large corn demonstration was held at San Fernando, Union, on Saturday, November 23, 1912. This was the first of the many demonstrations which are planned for the division. The day be):('an with a ci,·ic parade in the early mot·ning-. Sen!ral instructive and amusing featut·es were shown. Considerable interest was attached to the persons who marched in the parade as "corn fed'' and"ricefed."" The demonstration was conducted in eleven booths which were tastefully and su itably dccot·ated. In certain booths were shown the points to be observed in the production of good corn. In others, girls were engaged in preparing and sen·ing hominy, corn-meal mush, fried mush, and corn bread. It is estimated that fully 8,000 people attended the demonstration. A feature of the demonstration was the small pamphlet of corn recipes in the local dialect thousands of which were distributed from the booths.- N. IT. F. The building was not entirely fini~hed, but in order to comply with the many requests asking that a ~ale take place at this time, when the question of presents for Christmas is a matter of some importance, i\lr. G. A. O'Reilly, the Sales Agent, decided to have the opening on the date named. The display consisted entirely of Philippine products, including such articles as baskets, samples of l\loro work, articles woven by the :\lountain tribes, laces and jnscrtions, Irish crochet, and embroidery work. Although the number of articles on sale was limited, yet the selection was excellent, and that it met with popular approval is evidenced by the rapid manner in which the articles WeJ•e Wid. Among the special features were the displays of lace and Irish crochet. The lace was the product of the schools conducted by the Belgian Sisters, while the Irish crochet was produced in the schools of Albay. The high standard of the work in these lines elicited considerable favorable comment and augured well for the future of these industl"ics. The embroidery display consisted mostly of handkerchiefs and shirt waists. The articles were in keeping with the hij::"h class of work for which the Filipino women arc noted and proved conclusively their right to dispute with other countries the supremacy of the market in this line of work. It is no exaggeration to say that the opening was a success and demonstrated the fact that the Sales Agency will, as soon as its conThe new Sales Agency building-, templated plans are operative, pre)'e located near the Manila Hotel on a valuable aid in developing the the new Lunetn fill, was informally resources of the Philippines.