Speech skills essential to teaching

Media

Part of The Philippine Educator

Title: Speech skills essential to teaching
Language: English
Year: 1947
Rights
Fulltext: : .. SPEECH SKILLS ESSENTIAL-TO TEACHING By JOSE FELICIANO Acting Division Superintendent of Sc)wols for Bukidnon Every genuinely successful and dearly, beloved teacher I have found anywhere, be it in the grades or in high school, possesses and possesses in a great measure what I term in this article speech skills essenital to teaching. These skills are no other than effective voice control, pleasing expression, distinct pronunciation and enunciation, absence of irritating mannerisms, good diCtion, and expertiies~ in eliminating pupils' language errors. More than any other profession, with' the possible exception of dramatics or the ministry perhaps, teaching requires unceasing and arduous efforts on the part of the practitioner to perfect his mastery of the speech arts. A teacher who talks too loudly, has a monotonous expression, mumbles his words, exhibits odd little habits of speech, uses bad grammar and unidiomatic expressions, and is unskilled in correcting errors, can never expect to win out in the exacting task of educating young people. In order, therefore, that a teacher may be better equipped for her job, especially if she has had little or no professional training, she must endeavor through selfeducation and doggE'd determination to improyed her command of English, our principal medium as well as subject of instruction. V oice Control Recently I observed two beginning teachers on their toes, a young man and a young woman, and to tell the truth I was much impressed with the1r teaching ability and their classroom work-they were intelligent, resourceful, active, and stimulating, they ad satisfactory lesson plans, good board work, enough instructional materials and devices, and what is more, they ~ 30 had fine personality - but I r !ould not help regretting the one thing in which they both failed utterly, that is, the inability of either of them to control his voice as he talked to the class. One or the other simply allowed his voice to run a\Yay with him in reckless abandon: the young man, who was once an army lieutenant, spoke to his children as if he were commanding a platoon of privates; and the young woman, who graduate as salutatorian of l1er class from the Bukidnon Secondary Normal School, just talked as though she was afraid she might not be heard by her sixty odd pupils. At a conference I had subsequentfy with these teachers I politely and goodnaturedly called their attention to this particular shortcoming of theirs, and it surely is most provocativ~ to make note of their replies - so interesting and revealing were they indeed 1 Said the young man, "Pardon me, Mr. Feliciano, if I have to thinK about my voice while I teach, I am sure I can't teach very well because then I wont be able to ~oncentrate o~ my teaching. ~u aay I disturb my neighbors by talking with a loud voice-so why not put me in a building all by myself?" (Words of wisdom or of artlessness from the lips of a teacher who never had any professional preparation 1) Said the young woman, "Mr. Feliciano, I know that my lack of control over my voice is one of my weaknesses-my supervisor in the Training Department kept telling me about it when I was a student teacher. The truth is that I forget myself once I am absorbed in my teaching, and consequently I can't tell any more how my_ voice sounds. Frc,m now on I'll try my best to bring my ; r3 1" -x~-.i-~'(': ;;<::i'-.. ~~ ·t.~ _, ·...;.i4 · { - I • I ".,:..-;~ ii "·~~:}. :~:J--... •• !4.. ~· .. 1 • ~. _,. ~ ~ "'.. .~ ·:..~1;1 ;;-:_f'·-· • <•1 .;,.::· • • c SPEECH -~KILLS. ESS._~~Tl~~ TO ,'I.'EACHING 31 t .? ·~ . ~oice unde; my cont~ol.". · (An honest. faction in the defere~ce t~~ir pupils ·~ · ' confession 'from ·a professionally trained show them. Why can't certain teachers ~r ;:· ~L teacher.) unloosen or unleash themselves once in , -~ a learned man. 'j Well, since these two greenhorns expected me to make some comments, I did say something to this effect, not with nose turned up but with a lot of fellow feeling: _ You are very young teachers, and so you still have many things to learn and master before you become really proficient in the practice of your calling, and one of those things is voice control. Learn to breathe properly, for you make your voice with your breath. _Learn to listen to your own voica so that you may be able to tell its sound. Learn to speak neither too loudly nor too softly, but be sure to make your voice carry as far as the -most removed chiid in your schoolroom. Don't speak to the pupils in the front row alone, nor to those in the back row alone; · speak to all the pupils in the room . .~ Don't shout to call anybody's attention, because even a whisper, if made properly, will carry to the back of the room. Open your mouth wide and speak naturally and distinctly. Expression By expression as a speech skill I mean both the look on one's face and the manner in which the meaning o1· beauty of something spoken is brough: out by the speaker. A good many teachers, both male and female, bore their pupils to distraction with their deadpan expression: their faces show no evidence whatenr of changing thoughts and emotions - their facial expression simply does not change no matter how happy or sad they may be. Teachers there are who do not even smile, much less laugh; perhaps they take pride in their solemn expression and find satisA question ¥OU may now wish to ask is: How shall I therefore express myself? Above all, express yourself clearly and well. Speak sincerely, that is, from the bottom of your heart, from your inmost soul. Know what you are talking about, mean what you say and say it with earnestness. In order to be f~ to speak with more expression, with ~ore warmth and feeling, remember what the Bible says and put it into practice: "Rejoice with them that do rejoice, and weep with them that weep.'' P1·onunciation and Ewunciation In the minds of most Filipinos, teachers not excluded, while the meaning of the term pronunciation is clear and wellunderstood, the significance of the term enunciation is but vaguely comprehended. While the two terms are closely related in meaning and, consequently, in function, they can hardly be used i.nterchangeably because they are not one and the same thing. Pronunciation has to do with the sounding of the syllable or syliables making up a word and the accenting of such syllable or syllabies, while enunciation has to do "·ith the force and manner in which words are uttered or spoken. Good pronunciation implies correct sounding of every v:owel and every consonant in a syllable or word as well as correct accentuation of the syllable. In careful speech, syllables and words are not slurred, mumbled, or run together, and they are hastily uttered either, and so good enunciation results from such a precise practice. Filipinos must not try so hard to ape Americans in matters of pronunciati"n FOR MODERN OPTICAL NEEDS-SEE KEEPSAKE OPTICAL-SO Escolta ' l ·• .. .32 ~HlLIPP~~ EDOCATOR and enunciation, because they don't have to, in the first place, and, in tha second place, English . has such high adaptability and flexibility that it comes .out beautiful and arresting from anybody's tongue, regardless of race or nationality, provided it is well spoken. There is absolutely nothing wrong with speaking English with a Filipino accent. What else is to be expected of us? To be sure, English is by no means a lazy tongue or a tongue for lazy persons, and this is what I mean by that: if you want your pronunciation and enunciation :~ ~. as nearly prefect or fa~ltless as yo~n possibly make them,' then you must set to hard work all your speech organs and instruments of articulation-tongue, lips, palate, teeth, and voice-whenever you give utterance to your thoughts and feelings. There ~s no other way for anyone, even an American or a Britisher, to speak English felicitously and with telling effect, but undeniably the reward of mastery is immeasurable. Some of the common mistakes in pronunciation that I have noted amorag teachers are: bad short vowel sounds, particularly short a, short i, and ~hort e; inability to sound th (both hard and soft) correctly; failure to make the sound of z in such words as is, was, has, used, does, goes, exact, example; mispronouncing of (correctly pronounced 011) ; not putting sufficient stress on such final consonants as t, d, p, k; misplacing the accent; and not knowing the use of the rising and the falling inflection. While teachers are not in the habit of running their words together--seldom io you hear a teacher say didya for did you, gotta for got to, doncha for don't you, gimme for give me, hafta for Jyr-ve to, and the like-still it is very important that they avoid hasty and car~ less speech. Correct pronunciation and distinct enunciation are essential to successful teaching. Mannerisms of Speech A mannerism of speech i~ a particular manner of speaking wl1 tch is used too much by a person and thereby becomes a peculiarity of his. i:xamples of undesirable mannerisms of speech I have observed among teachers are: thf', use of a false or artificial voice ; using too many exclamations or certain exclamations too frE'quently; punctuating sentences with "no?", "isn't?", "isn't that so?"' etc. in an effort to become emphatic; verbosity or wordiness; the use of insipid or colorless language; ungrammaticalness or speaking out of the idiom; disconnected speech; and rare cases of stammering. There is not a shadow of doubt that a mannerism of speech, particularly when it is too pronounced, is· a handicap to a teacher, because it attracts too much attentidh to its peculiarity and because it sometimes causes uneasiness 1 or irritation on the· part of the listeners. 1£ a teacher is aware that she has an unpleasant mannerism of speech, she must do · every. thing withir# her power to break herself of that mannerism. There is nothing more satisfying and pleasing to give attention to than a natural and unpretentious manner of speaking. Diction Good diction, I'll venture to say, is one of the most important elements of the equipment of a proficient teacher. Good diction implies, among other things, a wide vocabulary, grammatical correct. ness, and skill in the choice and arrangement of words. Teaching, especially the type employed in progressive schools, is practically synonymous with the stimmulation and expression of ideas, ·ideas on a thousand and one topics, and so a teacher with a poor command of lang. uage is almost certain 1 o fail in her pedagogical work. How i;1 this wide world ' ~ :; can· an instructor who talks incoherentlY', who is vague and confused, who violates the rules of grammar, and wh<> tautologizes, guide his · young students effectively in their study of the manifold affairs about them-! repeat, how indeed? It is a fairly well-established fact in educational circles that there is a high degree. of correlation between teaching success and the extent or size of a teacher's vocabulary. I have noted that among the most ineffective and uninteresting teachers in the classrooms are those whose vocabulary is limited and unvaried: they have at their command no more than a handful of words and phrases which they use over and over again to express their thoughts and ideas· indifferently or to echo the thoughts and ideas of others imperfectly. Sometimes it is truly pathetic to watch the feeble attempts of such teachers at making their pupils \talk, think, answer questiomr, or follow directions, because the whole thing is, to say the least, a case of "the blind leading the blind." Since a wide vocabulary is a vital factor of success in teaching, it behooves every teacher from grade one through college to do all in his power to enlarge his vocabulary. It is inexcusable for a teacher, since a teacher is supposed to be interested in self-improvement, not to own a good and upto-date dictionary which he can consult readily, for no other book is more helpful to an individual in the enlargement of his vocabulary and in the acquisition of knowledge than a dictionary. Then a teacher must read constantly and widely, and must read purposely for English and not just for pleasure or information, so that he may enrich hh vocabulary thereby. Even a dictionary and wide reading cannot help a person considerably to increase his power over words tmless he uses as often as he can in speech and m writing the words that he learns. The use of grammar .for propriety or gracefulness of speech is' incontrovertible, for grammar is the study of the correct forms · and uses of words, and yet many a teacher does not take pains to learn grammar to a nicety . Anyon~ who is really desirous to improve his command of English must know his own weaknesses or difficulties in the use of grammar, must be bent upon eradicating his weaknesses, must learn the solu~ tion to his grammatical problems, and must be careful not to )apse into th~ old incorrect habits ~'J>eaking. Teachers' grammatical errors are mostly .in the number of verbs (failure~of subject to agree with predicate) ;-{n th~ use of the different verb tenses (confusing the past tense with the present perfect, and the past tense with the past perfect); in the use of the wrong cas~ forms of pronouns; in faulty sentence construction; in deviation from tha idiom; and in obscurity of meaning. Correcting Pupils' Sf)eech Errors The most important thing to remem· her and to do in connection with the correction of speech errors committed by · thEI pupils is that the teacher mast not only correct the errors by supplying or eliciting their right forms, but also give the children opportunity to use by themselves the proper language forma thus provided. It is a mistake for a teacher who is dissatisfied with a pu. pil's incorrect answer to snatch it from him and explain or finish it hersEilf; what she should do instead is to help the pupil repeat or give the answer correctly so that the right form may be im· pressed upon his mind. It is the pupil who needs supremely the practice in correct speech, and so it is he who should get that practice, and not the teacher. FOR MODERN OPTICAL NEEDS-SEE KEEPSAKE OPTICAL-SO Escolta f 'y