Khaki and Red : Official Organ of the Philippine Constabulary

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Part of Khaki and Red

Title: Khaki and Red : Official Organ of the Philippine Constabulary
Issue Date: March - April 1963
Identifier: Official Organ of the Philippine Constabulary
Year: 1963
Language: English
Rights
extracted text: MISSING PAGE/S COVER- 2 ro•=~ "" ~~ C~ . .. H·.~·~,:~.~·;.~:.~ E. c.,., ' II More Training For Local Policeman [, ";':lthl'•, forgive them; for duated from the Philippine Constabulary School after finishing a II Late last year 36 pollee officers from all over the country gra·,hcv know not what they do." 5 short course in police administoalion and operation. ThE\ first of By 'carlos F. Orcvillo l its kind at HPC level the course is designed "to eauip the municipal It ~~~~=tf~~!lefUI:~i1t1~11~?dern knowledge in police managerial and 6 [1 The Presidential Guard Battalion Speaker Cornelio T. Villareal. in addressing the graduates. By 1st Lt Dionisio ;:i. TanGatuc, Jr. A Perspective Of The PC From A Legal Point Of View . . . By Col Eladio G. Samson I stated: "The problems of our Republic are manl_y, Not the- least r ~';:~:'~~;,t:n ~~h:c n~~~~~:fev:~~~~t~;:.e• Th;~ irsaC:V·h;e;~iic~"fud~~~~ arc increasing eve1y year. Law enforcement organizations have to be st rcngthcned and enlarged " II Not too long ago, sparked by a series of ugly stories of police Juvenile Delinquency, Disposi· involvement in crimes, police inefficiency, and naked criminal ac tion And Law Enforcement 9 I tivitics of policemen, the need for training was again brought to By Capt Clemente A. Racela II the fore. Some articles even clamored for screening the police I ranks for policemen with criminal records. !f, as pronounced by IJ an administration stalwart, pcaca and order ranks high in the na The Off1ce Of The Representa- tiona! priorities and that police budgets are increasing every year, t1 ve Of The Aud1tor General I I then something, a lot of things, must be done and now. And we PC ' 10 do not even refer to the "politics" of the situation. \Ve make pointed reference to the training of the rank and file in the tradi By Dr Nicolas P Cabaya I tions of police service. The national government cannot continue Dut), Honor, Country 11 sand municipal and fifty odd charte1ed city police f01ces. I to look away from the deplorable state of its more fimn one thou• Addless by General MacArthur After the desired degree of professional training- has been I achieved, then probably, the local police officer might come to "rcCa~ ~~1P~h~0J~:a~. ~::::on 1~ 1 ~~~~~~e 1:haes ~a~~bti~f ~~:~~o~~ic~e al~efd ss':,j~~~ :fs ),~b:!t! ~:~~~~~ ~h~ ' j ethics of the public service; constantly striving to achieve these ob' jcctives and ideals, dedicating 'himself before God to his chosen profession - law enforcement." The l\1ediN·Legal Responsibility Of AFP Medical Officers . . 13 By Major Miguel G. Zarraga, l\IC (PC) Professionalism Is The Answer To Our Police Problems . . . 16 B~· Capt Arcadio S. Lozada The Process Of Police Organization Planning . . 18 By Major Paciencio S. Magtibay Biographical Sketch Of Col Jose C. ltlaristela ..... 21 By Aurel R .Perlaa KHAKI & RED Ill KHAKI AND RED - - - , Editor and General Manager . Maj. CONSTANT£ MA. CRUZ Managing Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . JOSE N. HALILI Business :Manager and Art Director . . Capt . .lOSE S. LUNA Staff Artist . JOSE l\L EUSEBIO JR. In The PhlliJ>I>in": ¥£::~~~~~~;·:........... .. .... ...... .. ptHi In The UnU...J Stflteo of Am~rlca y Abroad: r~~::~~~~i~~· ·:....... . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. TH~ Ent~red Ao S""ond Clau Mail At Poat Office. Mllnila, On Nov~mlfflr 6, J926. Si,.ule Cow: PLOO Vol. XXXV. HeadQuarter•. Philippine C<>natabular)'. Cnmp Cr~Une Qu~n Cllr. Ph.ilippinu Telo. 71()11 or 66611 thru 66620, 1"""1 4·74-83 Page 3 HE DID IT FOR US By M/Sgt JUANITO E CONOL Chie£ Clerk, Spl Svcs PC Jesus, bleeding on the face, stood before the govemor in the judgment Hall. His whole body was weak; face, pale like death. The Sanhedrin, the body that had sentenced Him to death during the mock trial in the night, was present but did not enter the Judgment Hall for fear of defilement, as according to their law, contact with a Gentile or to enter his housP would make the members undean for the whole day. Henre, they just waited outside, hoplne that Pilate would order their condemned prisoner to dea'Jt without inquiry. But Pilate went out to them and demanded for charges. Havin,2 the inscrutable desire to secure His judicial murder by the foulest means, they accused Jesus of seekin~ to make himself king of the Jews. At first they had condemned Jesus of hlasphemv but now made a po1itlcal charge. This charge cau!'>cd Pilate to ask Jesus: "Art thou the kinJr of the Jews?" Jesus answered: "Thou savest.''. Jesus was King, not of the Jews only, but of all men and He admitted the charge. He was King, however, in a spiritual sense, as He explained to Pi1ate, saying: "My Kfn~dom is not of this world; if my Kingdom were of this world. then would my servants fight, that I should not be delivered to the Jews.'' Doubtlessly, Jesus' explanation did not make any sense to Pilate. The governor would havr been puzzled and could not come to the Idea of a kingdom not of this world. A kingdom of which the subjects did not fight with material weapons to defend its king, or to extend its border, was certainly beyond his human understandIng. But such a Kingdom was Christ's. It was not pattern after the concept of man, did not spring from this world, was heavenlv in origin and maintained by spiritual and moral means, The Chief Priest and the Elders, aware of Pi1ate's subtle show of indifference to them . again charged the Lord of stirring up sedition to influence the governor into makJn~ a decision In their favor. Jesus could have easily defended Himself but to do so was not in keeping with the Father's will. He had to lay down His life In order to fulfil1 His Messianic Rule of saving the repentant sinners of this world. Therefore, He made no defense for Himself just as he had done before Caiaphas. And His impressive silence moved Pilate deeply. At this time the Passover, the feast of the Jews, which was a memorial to the pac;sing over of the plagues in Egypt when the first-hom of the E~yptlans were slain and Israel was delivered from their bondage, was at hand. And it was their custom of releasing a prisoner at this occasion. Pilate wanted to take advantage of this occasion to free the Innocent Prisoner. But Page 4 his heart shuddered with fear when he thought of it, for he knew he could not openly do it without arousing trouble that might end in a bloody revolt against his administration. So instead of taking upon himself to order the release of Christ , Pilate stood before the angry multitude and inquired unto them: "Whom will y~ that I release unto you? Barabas or Jesus which Is Christ?" While he sat on the judgment seat, waiting for the decision of the people, his wife came to him. saying: " ... have nothing to do with that just man, for I have suffered many things this day in a dream because of Him." On this day, the small voice of Pilate's wife, a Gentile woman, was the only one that interceded for Christ. Her having been able to describe Jesus as righteous man showed that slv was familiar of the Prisoner's Ufe, was probably already deeply interested in Him, and knew that He was to be seized in the night. That she suffered many things in a dream indicated that her wakin~ thoughts were reflected in her sleen. Meanwhile, the Chief Priest and the Elders busied themselves persuadin~ the multitude to cry out for the destruction of Jesus and to call for the release of Barabas, a notorious prisoner, leader in an insurrection in which he had committed murder. Therefore, when the governor asked again which of the two would be released, they shouted, "Barabas.'' Pilate's artifice had failed miserably. Th,. Jewish nation had not only rejected Its Messiah, but chosen a criminal instead. Pilate said, "What sh~ll I do then with Jesus?" All cried: "Awa~' with Him, away with Him, crucify Him!" This was the decision of the Jewish people. Jesm: should suffer and die. He was not their King but rather an irresistible menace to their religion. Pilate's stntggle was pitiable. He was hanging between what he wanted and did not want to happen-between his desire to be just and to please a body demanding a crime at his hands. He repeated the question, "Why, what evil hath He done?" three times and offered to appease their rage by chastising the innocent. He-had, however, lost his fight when the mob, utterlv unreasonable, only demanded the more vehemently that Jesus be crucified. This was how the Man from eternity suffered for us. Yes, He did all these things because of His undying love and mercy for us; He did them that, hr.. believing, we, the fallen creatures, may be freed from the power of darkness and that we may live In the light of His righteousness at;!d may have life etema1 In His name. But wha~ have we done for Him? MARCH-APRIL, 1963 It is written in the Bible that Jesus spent his life preaching the words of God. He did ~~~~kesetl~c~ll a~{ tife~~icr~~%er~~ff;h~:~~~. ~aur~ penters, laborers, lawyers and ministers; rich and poor alike. He spoke in public places, by the seashores, on the hills, on the mountains, in the temple courts and most painfully when pinioned on the cross. Jesus had often spoken of forgh·eness. "Don't despise your enemies," he said; "but rather love them. And if they have sinned against you, forgive them not only seVen times but seventy times seven." Let us turn the pages of the scripture and follow the event of Jesus' crucifixion. It all began, as the gospel says, on the day nearing the passover when Jesus was in the house of Simon the leper. One of his disciples, Judas Iscariot went to Caiaphas, the high priest, and told him that if he will be rewarded he will betray Jesus to them. He was promised upon deliverance thirty pieces of silver. Accompanied by his eleven disciples on a place called Gethsemane, Jesus was to offer his prayer to God on the eve of that day when Judas came together with a great multitude with swords and staves from the high priest due to the weight of his burden. When th~y reached Golgotha, (a place of skull or Mount Calvary as it is commonly known) they gave him vinegar to drink mixed with gall. The cen· turion tore his garment and gambled with it. They set up a written accusation over his head: 'THIS IS JESUS THE KING OF THE JEWS'. Then with dexterity, the cross is raised and Jesus our Lord is crucified. Still not satisfied with what they had done. the high priest dared him to come down from the cross if he is really the Son of God. "You have saved others, he said, and yet you cannot save yourself." And then there was darkness all over the land from the sixth hour to the ninth hour. About the ninth hour, Jesus cried with a loud ~~~e'ea~~hin~~a~;J~· r~~iks l~:~e s~~~~.ht~e~~~~ crushed and graves were opened. Witnessing what had happened, they feared greatly and they believed. Truly, this was the Son of God. All the LAMB OF GOD could do for man had been endured; and now the end of his agony and the completion of his great redemp lion work are announced by the utterance, 'It is finished', and yielding his soul to God, he "Father, forgive them; for they know not what they do." Luke 23:34 By CARLOS F. OREVILLO TI & EO, HPC and elders of the people. He goes directly to J.esus and kissed him; the sign of the betrayal. Jesus was led to Caiaphas, who with his council sought false witnesses against him, but in vain. The next morning they delivered him to Pontius Pilate, who was then the governor, and incidentally having a prisoner by the name of Barabbas. When the multitude was asked whom of the two he shall release, they shouted to spare Barabbas and Jesus be cr:ucified. Seeing that he could prevail nothing, he washes his hands with water and said, "1 am innocent of the blood of this just man." The governor has spoken and Jesus was ta ken by the soldiers, was stripped of his clothes and given a scarlet robe. His head was platteC by a crown of thorns and a reed in his right hand. They beat, spit and smote him on the head. Not contented with it, they mocked him, saying, "HAIL, KING OF THE JEWS!" After this merciless treatment, they took the robe off him and was given back his own raiment, then he was led away to be crucified. On the way they saw Simon and compelled him to bear his cross, as Jesus was exhausted KHAKI 1r RED exclaims, "Father, into thy hand I commend my spirit," and dropping his head on his breast, he expired. He bore the agony of death in meekness f~a~ahi.lean~~-th~: ~;~~e~~ ~~o b~~~er:~t~i~st.edT~~ just for the unjust. The time of crucifixion was at the third hour, which was 9 o'clock a.m., the time when the morning sacrifice was being offered. The time of death was in the ninth hour which was 3 o'clock p.m., the time when the evening sacrifice was done. We may now ask this question to ourselve~. What did he say? How did he act? Why is it that inspite of their cruelties he found reason~ to pray and beg his father to forgive them for they know not what they do? From the greatness of this prayer we can learn something by contrast. Nature does not !argive. Ask the saber-toothed tiger to give up its quivering prey, ask the avalanche to spar the lives of miners trapped inside a tunnel. strai~b~F~:-!:;:l!~ho::y~h~ rr~h :~o~g h:~i~~i~~~ "FATHER, FORGIVE THEM; FOR THEY KNOW NOT WHAT THEY DO." Page 5 The Presidential Guard Battalion Hy 1st Lt OIONlSIO S. TAN-GATUE, JR. ExO "C" CO, PG 8 People who come to Malacafiang invariably notice tall and rather fairly handsome palace guards in well-pressed khaki uniforms, white leather cross straps and leggings strategically ~~~~3. Wo~~~~~~e~~e~~~~~~~t~~~t~b~~~c~~f ~,r;; as crossing the lawn, parking in a busy corner or walking in the wrong direction, one easily gets a mean caution. "We don't take these rules for granted," Lt. Col. Benjamin G. Tolentino, Commanding Officer of the Presidential Guard Battalion, says when complaints about such strict enforcement of palace rules by his guards reach him. "They may seem petty to most but nevertheless they make up a big portion of the whole scheme of protecting the President and his family in his residence. The whole place is pretty well sewed up. We cannot afford to be lenient. The slightest failure to enforce a regulation may result in the most serious consequences." When on post, the guards have specific instructions to "look for the unusual and suspicious." For instance, one quickly attracts notice carrying around an overstuffed briefcase, loitering in the premises for no apparent reason, or showing a lump in one's shirt or pants. Passing a guard on his post, one is immediately subjeci:ea to a thorough "once over" with the visitor least suspecting it. Not a day passes without frankPage 6 stcrs, mental invalids or cranks wanting to see the President on some "very important matters." Fortunately, alert guards talk them into seeing someone else, usually a policeman in a mobile patrol caL Once a Bureau of Prisons official 10 show his four companions how close he is to Malacaii.ang demanded without the benefit of an appointment to see the President who was en tertaining then a British amb;:o.ssador. When he was politely refused entry to the Reception Hall and instead referred to the Appointments Secretary, he flared up and shouted at the Sergear1r of the Guards. Prepared for such a situation, the Sergeant simply blocked the doorway, smiled, and called for the Officer of the Day. It could have been easier to throw out that person but he held on to his temper. "In this busmess, one has to be prepared for anything. One has to be a policeman, a public relations expert, a psychiatrist, and a Rock Hudson altogether," says an oldster in the PCB, "you don't know what to expect next." To be a President's guard, one need not appear as rugged and tough-looking as a mobster in AI Capone's time. Rather, all that is required is that one must be young and debonaire, one who can conduct himself with ease both amidst an unwashed crowd of job seekers aJJ.d the more sopi1istieated "upper" set of callers irequenting Malacafiang. He must, above all, know his judo as much as he knows his firearm. Three companies of 120 officc.;rs and men alternate in a 24-hour duty cycle guarding Malacafiang proper and the sprawling Malaeafiang park across the Pasig River. When .one c~m pany is on guard, another company IS on reserve" ready to reinforce the former in case of an emergency. In the meantime that it is no· committed, it goes on training to "keep trim," starling with an early morning roadwork ~al lowed by military drill. Training covers police work and military subjects and a continuous rehearsal of SOPs to protect the President when the Iauer is in Malacaii.ang or when he goes out to the provinces in his now popular "regionalize Malacaii.ang" trips. The "resene" company .relieves the company on guard at 1600H. The th1rd company which was relieved the day previous, 1s on "general reserve" at the park. This company provides security to the President the ~oment he rides out through Gate 2 up to the t1me he returns. The system is not generally known but when the Commander-in-Chief leaves the palace, aside from the close-in personal securny pr vided by the Presidential Security Service, he is provided an "invisible cover" of mobile PCB teams ready to move in on the President's party MARCH-APRIL, 1963 in case of trouble. At any one time, the Presidential party is never out of reach and its location is accurately relayed by radio to a main control station at the PGB headquarters in Malacafiang park. The control station, in turn, informs the units in the field its exact position. The "mobile teams" move along as unobtrusively as security permits. If the PGB tags along with the Presidential Party, armed to the teeth, in noisy military vehicles, it may bok ridiculous and a crude way of securing a President in a sophisticated metropolis as Manila and its fashionable suburban districts. Besides, it will seem hard for the populace to reconcile the idea why a predominantly military guard should be trailing the President of a staunchly democratic country as the Philippines, Even Presidents of the United States whose assassination will not only bring national but more serious international complications are seldom escorted by military guards brandishing high-powered automatic weapons on their trips within the U.S. Most Filipino Presidents express mild resentment at too many uniformed guards moving around them. President Garcia, sometimes annoyed, ignored them. The late President Magsaysay usually sneaks away, while the present occupant of Malacafiang frowns at the whole idea. But all of them recognize their guards as a necessary evil. After all, nobody can tell what may happen as in the case of the assassination attempt on President Roxas by Julio Guillen in 1947. The PGB started as a company-sized unit of the Philippine Constabulary on May 28, 1938 with Col. Lamberto T. Javalera as its first commander. It was organized on orders of President Quezon following an advice of General MacArthur. When war bro~e out, the unit was pulled out of Malacafiang and designated "D" Company, 4th Infantry, 2nd Regular Division for war service in Bataan. When the late Senator Jose P. Laurel served as President during the Japanese occupation, there were also presidential guards under then Ma;. Jesus Vargas who later teamed up with the underground, thus saving Malacafiang from destruction by the liberating Fil-American forces. After the war, the first active elements of the Presidential Guards that reported for duty at Malacaiiang were members of "A" Company, l st Infantry who were pulled out from Calasiao, Pangasinan. This company was joined later by "B" Company, also from Calasiao. Together, they constituted the first members of the battalion when it was formally activated on August IS, 1945 under Lt. Col. Amado M. Dumlao. "C" Company was only added on January 16, 1946. The battalion was completed to i t~ present organization when on February 15, 1947, a band, a medical detachment, a dental unit and a chapplain were added. KHAKI " RED Then an Army unit, the PCB was finally designated a separate unit under the PC after a series of chanr,es in TOE on August 3, 1950 and has remained in that major service ever since. Past PGB commanders include Lt. Col. Manuel Turingan, Lt. Col. Benigno Alejandre, Lt. Col. Jose Tando, Lt. Col. Salvador Babista, Lt. Col. Romeo Honasan, Col. Napoleon D. Valeriano, Lt. Col. Paterno Oppus and until recently, Col. Gaudencio S. Gaddi. The duties of the PCB increased after 24 vears of existence. Aside from protecting the life of the First Family and preserving peace at Malacafiang and Mansion House in Baguio, it also renders military honors and ceremonies at state functions. Last year, the PGB honored some ten ambassadors who came to the palace to present their credentials, a Mexican President, a Japanese royal couple, a Dutch Princess. one foreign minister, as well as a few local VIPs The PCB officers assisted in the reception of guests of the President and the First Lady on two state functions and the traditional New Year's call on the President by government officials and the private sector. The PCB is at present headed by Lt. Col. Benjamin G. Tolentino of Lubao, Pampanga. The tall "Cabalen" has set a high standard for officers and enlisted men in the unit. "No sad sacks in this outfit," is his constant reminder. Compllments of Insular Life FGU Insurance Group Page 7 A Perspective of the PC from a Legal Point of View By Colonel ELADIO G. SAMSON Constabulary Staff Judge Advocate This study is designed to enable the Chief of Constabulary and every Constable, for that matter, to have an accurate grasp of the exact · nature of their responsibilities as prescribed by law and the President of the Philippines. a. Commonwealth Act No. 343 abolished · the State Police Force and authorized the President to reorganize the PC into a NATIONAL POLICE FORCE. By Executive Order No. 153 and Executive Order No. 175, s. 38, the PC was reorganized and constituted into a national police force. By these Executive Orders, the Chief PC was made responsible to the President for the execution of all police duties, responsibilities and functions appertaining to the Constabulary, including those specifically assigned to him by the President. After the Department of the Interior was recreated in 1946, the organization came under the supervision and control of the Secretary of this Department until 1950 when it became one of the major services of the AFP pursuant to Executive Order No. 389 with the abolition also in 1950 by Executive Order 383 of the Department of the Interior. Executive Order No. 389 reorganized the AFP and constituted the PC as one of the major services thereof but its status as a nationa,l police force was not touched. Is also declared in force certain sections of the Re,•ised Administrative Code governing members of the PC in the exercise of their authority and duties as peace officers and in their relation with the provincial and municipal law enforcement agencies and officials. These charged the Chief PC, through the memPage 8 hers of his command for the maintenance of Jaw and order throughout the Philippines, with the duty of suppressing insurrection, riots, brigandage, unlawful assemblies and breaches of the peace and see to it that the perpetrators of such offenses are brought to justice. It also imposed on all members of the PC stationed in any province the duty of cooperating in every way possible with the governor in the maintenance of Jaw and order, in the suppresion of brigandage, lawless violence and crime. It also imposed on all Provincial Commanders the function of undertaking inspection of various bodies of local police within his province and to make due report to Chief PC as to their equipment and efficiency and generally as to the condition of the province as regards peace and observance of law and order. It also charged the Provincial Commander the duty to see that any police force placed under PC control by authority ~~it~h~h=r=~~~~~~l0~f ~het~~e;fd:~~.c~ar~ ~~~~;rJ; uniformed, drilled and disciplined and that all lawful orders of the President, governor and mayor and others in authority are executed as well as all proper arrest are made for violations of law or municipal ordinances. It made it the duty of the PC to assist any body of local police force, upon the request of a municipal mayor, in the maintenance or restoration of peace and order in which case the Provincial Commander may even take command of and direct operations of said local police force in conjunction with the PC therein until peaceful conditions are restored. b. On the whole, the PC as a national police force is recognized as the agency through which the President of the Philippines may in.!.ure the preservation of public order and enforce the law as well as the efficient organization and discipline of all local police bodies the operation of which shall be under the supervisory direction of the governor of the province and the mayor of the city or municipality, as the case may be. It is because of its responsibilities in this regard and in the performance of duties imposed on it by statute that the Philippine Con_stabulary gets entangled with a labyrinth of legal complexes too numerous and varied to foresee, much less enumerate. Among the most sensitive of these, however, may be mentioned and they are the perplexing sphere of partisan politics, both local and natio'nal, the whole field of criminal law and procedure, numerous aspects of administrative and political Jaw, remedial law, Constitutional Law (particularly those dealing with civil liberties, proprietary rights and personal freedoms) and to a limited extent, international law. Of course, the PC being also a military organization and its members being all possessed with military status, it is also involved, as are the other major services, with the usual problems arising from the application of military law and administration. MARCH-APRIL, 1963 A Commentary Juvenile Delinquency, Disposition And Law Enforcement B, Capt CLEMENTE A RACELA THERE arc serious cases on juvenile misbehavior that demand particular attention. Some cases in mind that need special consideration were reported in the Manila Times issue of Dec· ember IS, 1962. One case is exemplified by a group of youngsters beheading a 21-year-old girl after she was abused, and the other, a 14-year-old boy abusing a 6-year-old girl. In the first case, the victim, Rosita Balino of Sarrat, Jlocos Norte was found headless by an aunt on a hill where the former was dragged from her house. In the second case, the bov in question was set free by Judge Eloy Bello of the Lingayen Court of First Instance because the boy "committed the crime without discernment". Crime and the Individual In spite of the preponderance of doubts on the nature of the crime or delinquent act, and on the cause underlying its commission as gleaned from the report as "noting some peculiarities in the boy's behavior", the judge seemed to have commilted the boy back to his parents without any intention of committing him, at any later time, to an agency or institution. Some of the juvenile laws affecting children in our country could be excellent bases for disposition of similar cases. For instance, Commonwealth Act 99 points out that "after hearing the evidence in proper proceedings, instead of pronouncing judgment of conviction, (the judge) shall suspend all further proceedings and shall commit such to the custody or care of a public or private . . . institution, established under the law for the care, correction or education ... of delinquent children, place subject to the visitation and supervision by the Director of Public Welfare (now the Social Welfare Administrator) or any of his agents or representatives if there be any". However, since the prosecution in the same case failed to established that the rapist "acted with discernment" the court, perhaps under the spirit of Art. 12 of the Revised Penal Code, found the boy criminally liable, and thereby, th::::re seemed to be no easier way of making a disposition than to convict him to the care and cus· tody of his parents. Yet what is paramount is the fact that a serious delinquent act had been manifested and that such act needs special attention. So also of the boy who was found under such adverse social or individual conditions which evidently led to the commission of a crime. KHAKI lo RED On the other hand, assaulting and beheading a girl are acts certainly condemnable. It is ardently hoped that the perpetrators arc no longer at large. Unfortunately, however, no follow-up report on either case has been made public by those concerned. Society would sti ll be at the mercy of these anti-social offenders· murderers and rapists. The Community and Juvenile Delinquency Law enforcement, admittedly, is not the whole solution to the problem posed by the members of delinquent gangs; neither will it be capable of instituting means of totally preventing similar acts by the same or simi lar group of youths. The community has as much a responsibili ty to perform in helping apprehend the killers and protect it self as do the combined el forts of law enforcement and other agencies, public or private. Increased community involvement adds up to effective juvenile delinquencv control. Enforcement of laws relative to children and to adults responsible for the welfare of the youth, must necessarily be the concern of every member of all law enforcement agencies. The Juvenile Worker Let us consider the case of the 14-year-old delinquent. No juvenile worker was ever assigned before and after the trial to look into the whole personality and background of the boy, which should have been the most proper thing (Continued on page 24) PC SEMP PROJECT. The Camarines Norfe PC reeently launched a l!ocio-economic military projeet involving the raising or poultry and pigg·ery projects. These projecta are geared toward attaining selr-aufficiency, Photo !!hOWl! Maj. Federico Bddovino, Camarines Norte PC commander, supervising the care or a horticulture garden in the ~~ or the PC provineiDI headquarters in Daet. Page 9 The Office Of The Representative Of The Auditor General, PC By DR. NICOLAS P. CABAYA Examiner II It was a luminous page in the history of our Philippine Republic when the bright moonli~bt of Democracy was again beaming in our midst and the twinkling stars of peace and rest were dancing gloriously in the meadow of freedom and equality. The sound of guns and bombs had sunk beyond the horizon of disorder, war. - The Office of the Representative of the Auditor General in Camp Crame, Quezon City, was conceived and it came to life in the earlv part of the yea•· Nineteen Hundred and Forty Eight. The Auditing force of the Philippine Constabulary was originally formed by nine (9) promising, vigorous men. These were Messrs. Jose Amoyo, Vicente Abella, Pedro Bigasin, Luis Natividad, Arsenio San Pedro, Guillermo Ringer, Fausto Aguinaldo, Monilias and Yacapin Then, Mr. Pedro Mejica and Mrs. Pelayo got in. This small group of auditors made a good start and handled the work efficient ly. In the month of March of the followi ng year, 1949, the poor and humble writer was · included in the list and afterwards followed by Mr. Apolinario 0. Orilla, our brilliant Assistant Auditor for more than five years now. Before . :~~ncl~hfrt~f ~~~b~;;neo?'es,~~ t~~r~ w~~t ~~~~ after and because of our constant crv for help, Mr. Guillermo Matienzo who was flanked by Mr. Carlos Ramirez and Mr. Rene Estrella came to assist us. Many appointees of the Philippine Constabulary Command followed us and among these are the ever Sweet living memories of Mr. Benicia Deacosta, Mrs. Juanita F. Garcia, Mrs. Corazon 0. delas Llagas, Miss Jovita Rubio, Mrs. Esperanza Madridejo, Messrs, Isaias Leo· nidas, Eliseo S. Reyes, Sotero R. Macalalad, Mrs. Felicidad Estrella, Mrs. Miguela P. Azca· rate, Mrs. Araceli 0. Simbulan, Mrs. Lilia S. Espefio, Mr. Gaudencio 0. San Gil and Mr. Ro· mea L. Santos. Last, but not the least, is no other than the person of Mr. Fclicisimo B. Villa· nueva, an Examiner I. who is in-charge of the post·audit section. He is a big·hearted man, kind and generous to the poor and a true friend of all. With the expansion of work and responsi· bility there was also augmentation in our per· sonnel. Services, in varied forms. were extended with utmost courtesy to all wllether of low or high degree. In the army, men come and go and like· wise, employees of this Office join and then J'age 10 move out. Those, who could not endure the scorching heat of hardship and misfortune and thought they could no longer survive with us, sought transfer or rather resigned. As watchdogs of our government, the pub· lie servants of this force quest ion, approve and disapprove payments of claims according to 1 heir knowledge and honest beliefs. They do the inspection of deliveries of supplies, rna· terials and equipments. They perform the de· licate task of examining the cash and accounts of accountable officers. They also limit the amounts of cash of officers authorized to hold government money. Besides these, they do ot her odd jobs. About two months ago the scythe of sepa· ration suddenly torn from us Mr. Sostenes M. Bahasa, a gallant young man of honesty and natriot ic ideas and ideals. He was succeeded by Mr. Tomas Sebastian, a man of high respect and regard. With new appointments every now and then, our number has som·ed to 47, our actual strength. All the members of the RAG PC, including Any. Bienvenido R. Villanueva and Mr. Jose de Chavez are concientious workers. loyal to the Office they belong and to their Chief, Mr. Tomas Sebastian. It is prayed that they remain so until they take their sweetest repose in the verdant sleep of the everlasting rest. Compliments of Manila Banking Corporation MARCH·APRIL, 1963 No human being could fail to be deeply ~~~~~g b~r~~~ ~t~i~~!fo~s ;h~!v~r~:~~rd ~~a1~'!{g and a people I have loved so well, it fills me with an emotion I cannot express. But this award is not intended primarily to honor a personality, but to symbolize a great moral codea code of conduct and chivalry of those who guard this beloved land of culture and ancient descent. For all hours and for all time, it is an expression of the ethics of the American soldier .. That I should be integrated in this way with so noble an ideal arouses a sense of pride, and yet of humility, which will be with me always. Duty, honor, country: Those three hallowed words reverently dictate what you ought to be, what you can be, what you will be. They are your rallying point to build courage when courage seems to fail, to regain faith when there seems to be little cause for faith, to create hope when hope becomes forlorn. Unhappily, I possess neither that eloquence of diction, that poetry of imagination, nor that brilliance of metaphor to tell you all that they mean. They give you a temperate will, a quality of the imagination, a vigor of the emotions, a freshness of the deep springs of life, a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity, of an appetite for adventure over love of ease. They C!'eate in your heart the sense of wonder, the unfailing hope of what next, and the joy and inspiration of life. They teach you in this way to be an officer and a gentleman. And what sort of solOiers are those you are to lead? Are they reliable? Are they brave? Are they capable of victory? Their story is known to all of you. It is the story of the American man-at-arms. My estimate of him was formed on the battlefield many, many years ago, and has never changed. l regarded him then, as I regard him now, as' one of the world's noblest figures; not only as ~~eo~! ~~ct~~n~~s~~~:~f:Jes~~aracters, but also His name and fame arc the birthright of every American citizen. In his youth and strength, his love and loyalty, he gave all that mortality can give. He needs no eulogy from me, or from any other man. He has writhm his own history D\Ul~:f ~ H(Q)llil«»lr ~ C(Q)\Ulllilby Address by GENERAL MACARTHUR at the US Military Academy, 12 l\lay 19G2 The unbelievers will say they are but words, but a slogan, but fla. mboyant phrase. Every pedant, every demagogue, every cynic, every hy;~~i~~~e;e~h!~~u~Je:a~~ti:eJ:· d~ff~e~~rJ:at~ acter, will try to downgrade them even to the extent of mockery and ridicule. But these are some of the things they do. They build your basic character. They mold you for your future roles as the custodians of the Nation's defense. They make you strong enough to know when you are weak, and brave enough to face yourself when you are afraid. WHAT THE WORDS TEACH They teach you to be proud and unbending in honest failure, but humble and gentle in success; not to substitute words for actions, not to seek the path of comfort, but to face the stress and spur of difficulty and challenge; to learn to stand up in the storm, but to have compassion on those who fail; to master yourself before you seek to master others; to have a heart that is clean, a goal that is high; to learn to laugh, yet never forget how to weep; to reach into the future, yet never neglect the past; to be serious, yet never to take yourself too seriously; to be modest so that you will remember the simplicity of true greatness, the open mind of true wisdom, the meekness of true strength. KHAKI " RED and written it in red on his enemy's breast. But when I think of his patience in adversity, of his courage under fire and of his modesty in victory, I am filled with an emotion of admiration I cannot put into words. He belongs to history as furnishing one of the greatest examples of successful patriotism. He belongs to posterity as the instructor of future generations in the principles of liberty and freedom. He belongs to the present, to us, by his virtues ..... and by his achievements. WITNESS TO THE FORTITUDE In 20 campaigns, on a hundred battlefields, around a thousand camp fires, I have witnessed that enduring fortitude, that patriotic selfabnegation, and that invincible determination which have carved his statue in the hearts of his people. From one end of the world to the other, he has drained deep the chalice of courage. As I listened to those songs (of the glee club), in me~o~! f::s: ~~~fd s~~~obee~~~~e~~~e~ol~~~ packs on many a weary march, from dripping dusk to drizzling dawn, slogging ankle-deep through the mire of shell-pocked roads; to form grimly for the attack, blue-lipped, covered with sludge and mud, chilled by the wind and rain, driving home to their objective, and for many, (Continued on page 29) Page 11 Care Of The Human Dentition By Capt ROMEO C. CASTRO DS (PC) i105th PC Dent'al Dispensary, HPC Author's Note: This is the first of a series which will serve as a guide for future reference. Due to the tremendous increase in population, the world today is confronted with vast and intriguing problems. Scientists from different parts of the globe have made steady progress in eradicating a considerable number of the most devastating ones, making civilization relatively contented. Life, our most treasured gift from above, can now be prolonged with the advent and discovery of wonder drugs. In the field of Dentistry, however, records are now available of the success attained in the conservation of the human apparatus (teeth) so much so that more and more are now seeking dental treatment. Befo re we go any further let us first discuss in brief the normal human dentition, in order to understand well the matters to be considered. The deciduous or milk teeth are twenty in number and the permanent are thirty two. These are divided according to shape and position in the dental arch into incisors, cuspids (canines) bicuspides (premolars) and molars. Below arc the data for a normal eruption · of the deciduous and permanent dentitions. CHRONOLOGY OF THE HUMAN DENTITION - -_ - _-_-_-___ B --'y ~= L~GAN and KRONF~L~ruption I I c entral inci~~-6- 8- mos Lateral incisor 8-10 mas Deciduous or 1 Cuspid 1 16-20 mas 1 First molar 12-16 mos :~:::::~:-~ :::::~ ::li::r 1 2:3: ~:~ Teeth 1 Lateral incisor 7- 8 Yrs. 1 Cuspid 9-10 Yrs. 1 First bicuspid 10-12 Yrs. 1 Second bicuspid 111-12 Yrs. 1 First molar 6- 7 Yrs. 1 Second molar 11-13 Yrs. I Third molar 17-21 Yrs. There are considerable individual variations in the time of eruption of both deciduous and permanent teeth on account of the fact that these are affected by: · I. Geographical Location 2. Social condition 3. Race 4. Sex 5. Habits Other variations in eruption of teeth are premature eruption and delayed eruption. Premature eruption of permanent teeth occurs bePage 12 cause of early extraction or loss of the temporary ones. Delayed eruption of one or two teeth may affect the entire dentition. This may be due to developmental disturbances, or delayed loss of the deciduous teeth (milk teeth). Role of diet on the teeth. Kronfeld in his book, stated that only growing teeth can be influenced by dietary means. When the tooth structure, like the enamel, is being formed, a well balanced diet rich in minerals and vitamin D is necessary to insure proper calcium supply to the body and to the developing teeth. A nutritionally sound diet is of course desirable and necessary throughout life to give all body structures and tissues all their needs. Severe illness during life, such as measles, whooping cough, sc;arlet fever, bronchitis, pneumonia, severe gastrointestinal disturbances, and general debility may disturb the calcium metabolism enough to cause gross defects in the teeth. Kronfeld stated further that importance in the treatment of the structural defects in teeth is prevention. Careful and systematic health supenrision, proper treatment of all diseases during infancy, correction of nutritional deficiencies, therapeutic and prophylactic administration of phosphorous, vitamin D, plenty of sunshine and fresh air contribute a lot in the prevention. Lately, however, the incorporation of sodium flouride in the drinking water can eliminate structural defects in the teeth. Since the calcification of the permanent teeth takes place entirely after birth the responsibility for prevention of dental caries rests in the hands of the pediatrician. Mothers are. therefore, advised to refer this matter to their family doctor to get the maximum benefit. An important advice to parents is to keep their children throughout the childhood period without loss of the permanent teeth, except for some unavoidable circumstances like accidents, for this has a vital bearing on the development of the jaws. Mothers should at all times keep the mouth of children in the best condition inorder that home care may be most effective, as it is during childhood where susceptibility to dental caries is greatest. Mothers, therefore, should be given supplementary roles in home care of the baby's teeth. Home care should start as soon as the baby has a tooth and the cleaning should be done at least 3 times a day. ~~ t~~=~~n~f Jo~~e ~~~~r s~z~~~~b~u~~~7!i~~ until such time when the child has acquired the necessary skill and later on forming the habit of regular tooth brushing. If the child has form· ed the habit, time will come when the child will appreciate the beauty and he will not forget the habit of cleaning, but under no circumstance should home care be entrusted to the child to his 3rd birthday. Sometimes mothers are compelled to ask question as to when their child should visit a (Continued on page 24) MARCH·APRIL. 1963 The Medico-Legal Responsibility Of AFP Medical Officers By Major MIGUEL G ZARRAGA 1\IC (PC) Chief. Medico Legal Branch, PC Central Laboratory The Medical Officer has manifold obligations and responsibilities, many of which practically everybody is familiar with. But there is one neglected phase which I would wish to lay em· phasis on -The Medico-Legal responsibility. Sec. 2, Art. III of the Code of Medical Ethics as sanctioned by paragraph 12, Sec. 24 of the Medical Act of 1959 (RA) 2382 reads thus: "It is the duty of every physician, when called upon by the judicial authorities to assist in the administration on matters which are medico-legal in character.'' Doctors should therefore be ever aware and conscious of their medico-legal responsibility. Sftecially so is this duty important to medical o ~ci:!;!r t~=~:~0e~~o~~s d~~ t~~~~!~~Pi,~~~u ~edi~af~~~~s!, h:J~J;sJo~~~~e~b~d ~~~:~~~ ami ned in a physical injury case." KHAKI lc RED "How were you able to do that?" I inquired. "Well, she examined the case and reported that the victim had incurred bruises in different parts of the body. So I asked her what bruises a1 ·e and she replied that they are abrasions. She ulid not know what she was talking about. I asked the honorable court for permission for her to refer to the definition of "bruise' in the medical dictionary which I handed to her. The definition is not abrasion but rather contusion. She turned the pages forward and looked up the definition of contusion. She was nervous by this time. She lost her equanimity when she saw the definit ion of contusion- it is a bruise." That lady doctor should not have lost her balance under such questioning. In the first place, she was the one who actually examined the victim. She could have easily explained that what she saw were abrasions, generally abrasions are accompanied by some degree of contusion, especially the impact type. In the second place, she must have actually found abraded contusions and so state, and these definitely are bruises to laymen. Even the definition in the complete unabridged Webster's International Dictionary admits of this. No wonder some doctors hesitate to handle medico-legal cases and testify as medical expert witnesses. They feel as if they are being put to an ordeal. Often, the reason one gives is that too much of his time and effort is wasted whether or not he is a busy practitioner, but the real reason is that he is in constant. . and sometimes in mortal fear of the cross-examiner, not realizing that the cross-examiner is, and should have more reason to be, in fear of the medical expert witness. Many do entertain this attitude because of some feeling of inadequacy in their knowledge of the medico-legal aspects of cases. However, much of this fear and apprehension can be overcome if the doctor will not shirk his responsibility, and should try to continue to learn some basic knowledge about the forensic aspects of the cases he handles in his practice. But before we proceed further, the first query to answer is: Why is there a need for general pract itioners to have at least a working knowledge of forensic medicine? The reason is: "It is the duty of every physician when called upon by the judicial authorities to assist in the administration of justice on matters which are medico-legal in character." (Sec. 2, Art. III of the Code of Medical Ethics of the Medical Profession in the Pl)ilippines as sanctioned by par. 12, Sec. 24 of the Medical Act of 1959 (RA 2382). And not only that, it is the obligation of every physician to "keep abreast of the a<Ivancement of medical science and contribute to its progress." He should be "upright, diligent, sober, modest and well versed in both the science and the art of his profession." (Sees. 22 & 23, Art. IV, Code of Medical Ethics) And forensic medicine is part of that science. Page 13 The importance of the role of the physician in me~ico-legal case~ may be underscored by the followmg story wh1ch I have heard related in one symposium. There was once a man who had a pending court suit seeking damages by reason of a vehicular accident. A friend asked him: ''Say, can you already walk." He answered: "Well, I really don't know what to tell you! My physician says I can already walk, but my lawyer insists that I cannot as yet!" Faced with such conflicting positions, how can the judge be able to make a correct appraisal and adjudication of cases involving medical aspects without the assistance of the doctor. Let us now consider some fundamental and practical points which may serve as guide for the general practitioner on the subject of forensic medicine. Flrst point: While his role is to expedite in every practical way th~ ends of justice, he should neve( hastily jump at conclusions without considering first all available facts and circumstances. A victim of shooting in the Calamba Sugar Estate in Canlubang which we handled upon request of th_e Rural Health Physician one Sunday afternoon Illustrates the necessity of possessing some fundamental medico-legal knowledge and of avoiding hasty conclusions, especially on the part of government doctors. When we arrived the victim was about to. be interred, and th~ ~hief of Police who was investigating the case mformcd us that another Army Major had already examined the body and had made out the death certificate. He concluded that the different wounds on the body were produced by more than one kind of firearm and that some slugs did not pass out of the body. When we requested him ~o show us the recovered slugs, we were surpnsed to learn that the doctor never opened up the body. We prevailed upon the Chief of Police and the immediate members of the family to defer the burial for about an hour to recover any retained slug as reported, so as to obviate any future necessity for exhumation should the Court order the recovery of this material evidence. As expected, there was only one kind of firearm involved, a high-powered one which produced sma_ll entrances and very large exits, almost the SIZe of the palm, and no slugs were recovered from the body. I am reminded of a worried husband who called his doctor at 3:00 A.M. "Would you rush over, my wife has appendicitis." "Impossible," said the doctor reassuringly, "just give her car~onated soda and she will_ g_o back to sleep." But, Doctor, I tell you th1s ts serious. Please ~~':r:t~de~.~ y~~0:iJ~0a~d~e~~~~Jeh;: :;~~!_ d1x. Ever heard of anyone having a second appendix?" And the man replied: "Doctor, have you ever heard of anyone taking a second wife?" The lesson: Avoid hastily jumping at conclusions. One particularly interesting and unusual Page 14 case is a death by strangulation of a middleaged matron, whose body was recovered from the attic of her own house. The initial and immediate reaction of the investigation upon discovering the body was that she was murdered. They were properly cautioned against making such hasty conclusion without first considering all discoverable facts and circumstances. After considering all the findings and circumstances of the case, such as absence of signs of struggle in the surroundings and on her body, the material used in the construction of the ceiling which was of asbestos cardboard, the statements of the companions in the house, observations of the victim's behavior prior to her disappearance, and others, and correlating these with the autopsy findings and the kind of knot employed around her neck, the firm conclusion that the case was a suicide was inescapable. In the leading case of People vs. Palalon (49 Phil. 177), the CFI conviction of the accused was based upon the testimony of the doctor that the cause of death was pulmonary congestion which was directly attributed to the slapping incident barely two and a half days earlier as evidenced by the presence of ecchymosis on the shoulders and back. This decision was reversed by the Supreme Court which gave no order to that conclusions of the young doctor who based his opinion mainly upon the history given by the ~=se~~=~: :~~~:~~do~t~r~ ~~~~~~ s1~~e cth~c~~: ported ecchymosis could have been the so-called "death spots" or "post-mortem suggillations," a normal process observed after death, as the examination was done more than 24 hours later. The Supreme Court warned: "It should be the duty of the examining physician to exercise utmost care In the post-mortem examination (of deaths under suspicious circumstances) and not just draw an unwarranted conclusion from exTHE PC IN FIRE PREVENTION. A plan to dfec:t maximum cooperation and coordinat'ion between the C.marines NorW PC, Daet police Coree and the Daet fire d8partment was adopted recently u a positive meuure In prevoent'iug and minimiling the oceurenee of fi.rea in the province's capital. Phou. shows PC men. local policemen and firemen doina a dry run in Daet. MARCH-APRIL, 1963 ternal appearances susceptible of different interpretations." Second point: Keep in mind that medicolegal evidence should be as comprehensive as possible without exaggeration. In the interest of justice, one should at all times endeavor to make a careful, painstaking, and detailed examination of medico-legal cases. A young attractive girl from Makati, Rizal. incurred some injuries on her thigh, knees and elbows as she stumbled while running away from her assailant who stluck her with a G.l. pipe causing a hematoma on the thigh. Taken ~~r~i~~::;n:a~n~s~~!~i~a~, ts~ ~~:n~~a~e~~d~n~ surgeon indicating that she incurred a hematoma on the left thigh. He estimated thl;f heal~'fg fh:i~t:~sfo~~ ~~ah~ttutk~~!:d ~~dta~fb~~~~ When she was taken to us for evaluation on the third day, she was limping. Seen were a large purplish swelling of the thigh which was tender and warm to the touch, and the grased abrasions on both knees and elbows. The resident surgeon made an unpardonable mistake. The mistake was neither his failure to note the injuries on both knees and elbows, nor the erroneous estimate of duration of -healinft time, ~vhte~n i~0~~~n1n~~~r~dm~~0~h3e 0r7gh~~ l~~Jh!t~ error not been timely corrected, it could have resulted in rank injustice, for the record of the case would not confonn with the actual facts, and the court may give more credence to the pennanent hospita.l record than to the statements of the aggrieved party. In another case, it was actually the medicolegal officer who failed. The attending government hospital surgeon disclosed that the victim incurred stab wounds on the chest and freshly abraded and cut areas on both hands. The victim died two days later but the medico-legal necropsy report faile4 to include those injuries on both hands, signs of which could not have mysteriously disappeared in two days time. The autopsy surgeon was remiss in his duty as this finding was very material to the defense of the case, and could have defeated the cause of justice, had it not been for the hospital record of the case. One of the most frequent flaws in the conduct of a medico-legal examination is performing an incomplete autopsy. A PARTIAL AUTOPSY IS ALWAYS A MISTAKE IN A MEDICO-LEGAL CASE. We should therefore always endeavor to make the examination as complete as possible. Often times, the finding of a coronary condition of sufficient extent to account for the death is the reason for the premature termination of a medico-legal autopsy. No matter how extensive a coronary disease is, it would be obvious that the possibility of death from injury or poisoning is not thereby excluded. KHAKI & RED There is the case of a victim of shooting in a Western Visayan province which was autopj~~1s:nm~hde P:S~~~~;:~ ~f~h~aJi~:=~=r 1~f tb~t~~~ try gunshot wounds. The reported measurements were so large they could approximate holes produced by 105 mm projectiles. Actually the gun used in the killing was a .22 caliber pistol. The other victim in this shooting incident survived and was operated on at one of our private hosiptals from whose body .22 caliber slugs were recovered; furthermore, the exact measurement of the diameter of the entrance holes corresponded to the caliber of the slugs recovered. In a case presently confined in one of our hospitals, the attending doctor of a shooting victim with a shattered femur officially replied that he could not help the investigator in establishing what caliber bullet produced the thigh wound. He could easily have given assistance had he not failed to measure the diameter of the wounds. This is particularly important in this case because at the time the wound was incurred, two enlisted men fired shots at the suspected pilferer; one was armed with a .45 caliber pistol and the other with a .30 caliber carbine. (Continued on page 25) Page IS persons lacking In requirements for age, education, moral and physical fitness, and civil service eligibility. About 75% of the 16,000 members of our city and municipal police forces throughout the country today do not possess civil serv ~~~h:~~~~~;~ r~~~e:!h:~ t~eh!t!:"J:~T~f ;::_ ness is the criterion for appointment. The usual process designed to detennlne qualities of leadership such as evaluation and testing for physical, emotional, ethical and mental qualities are almost non-existent. The responsibility of conducting qualifying examinations at regular intervals for police aplicants who meet the requirements for age, education, moral and physical fitness is lorlged In the Civil Service Commission. As to why polir.e qualifying examinations have not been regularly conducted for the past few years, the people arc entitled to know. Normally, lists of eligibles arc regularly furnished to the mayors as basis for appolnling police personnel. The local civil authorities may not be blamed for appointing noneligibles in the absence of eligibility lists, however, the age, education, moral and physical fit· Professionalism Is The· Answer To Our Police Problems By C'apt. ARCADIO S. LOZADA Instructor, Philippine Constabulary School Inefficient organization, lack of training, lack of protection of tenure, political meddling, inadequate compensation, obsolete equipment and methods, among others, characterize th(> problems and deficiencies of our local police departments in the country today. With few exceptions, the administration of the city and municipal police forces in the Philippines leave<" much to be desired by any recognized standard. Whl1e there is no panacea for police problems and deficiencies, yet, definite steps can be undertaken to improve and strengthen the police service in the country in the 1ight of changes taking place in the technoloey of poHce work. One such bold step is to professionalize the manay ment of the police through proper methods of selection, scientific training, protection of tenure, adequate compensation, and the firm ancl impartial enforcement of the laws of the Janel a~ainst those who would violate them regardless of social, economic or political standing. The first yardstick of measuring professionalism in th(> police service is the exlstf'nce of a standard selection procedure strictly adhered to. While the national law requires that police personnel be employed from civil servicP. lists, this law is flagrantly violated by a great number of our local authorities who continue to employ Page 16 ness qualifications of applicants should be con· sidered before they are finally appointed. There standard selection procedure if professionalism is to be achieved In the police service. The second yardstick of measuring professionalism in the police service i.s a high standard of training possessed by the members. Once the proper individual has been chosen and appointed it becomes necessary to train him in the execution of his duties. It is a sad fact that a great majority of our poJice personnel at differ ent levels have very little or no training: at aJI. It is not amiss to state that because of po1itical interference, many police personnel whfl received training from the Philippine Constabulary, NBI and local training schools were se· parated from the service faster than their replacements could be trained, thus rt!sulting in the unsatisfactory service to the public. Great deficiencies are found in the following phases of training in majority of local police forces: (a) Inadequate training for newly recruited personnel. Some police departments do not have any training program for the recruits whatsoever; (b) No fonn of practical training program is maintained, like roll call training and the practical field training geared to a formal preplanned program; (c) VIrtually unknown is advanced inMARCH-APRIL, 1%3 service and speciallzed training, where needed, of detectives, juvenile officers, traffic personnel, and the like; (d) Sadly neglected Is refresher Is a compelling need for adhering strictly to the training for serving police personnel at regular intervals during their police careers; (e) Found wanting is the training of admlnistrators, supericr officers, and police instructors; and (f) Little or no provision has been made for the building of police libraries for group subscription of professional police publications, and for financially SU'pporting and administratively encouraging the attendance of police officers at the meeting of professional societies. To standardize the tralning_ of the pollee recruits and other police personnel throughout the country, It Is well to establish regional training schools where pollee experts from the PC, NBI, and the local pollee departments can join efforts In giving scientific instructions. What is needed is necessary legislation appropriating funds for the purpose and definlng the administrative direction of these regional tralning schools by proper pollee agencies. England has a unique way of providing standard training for her policemen. Training centers for police recruits are operated in eight districts of the country, and the law requires a successful completion of a three-month course before an individual is appointed as probation· ary constable. Continuation courses are usualk given during the two years' probationary service. There is also a Police College offering six months junior courses for Sergeants and Junior Inspectors, and also courses lasting three months for Inspectors and Chief Inspectors. Sllort courses for Superintendent and Chief Superintendents are also arranged in the Police College. It is well recognized by both the police and public administrators that satisfactory service to the public cannot be rendered by untrained police officers, hence, the necessity of establishin~ regional training centers and a National Police College tcachieve this training objective in a continuing basis. The third yardstick of police professionalisrr is the adequacy of protection of tenure. Lack of career opportunities and inadequate protection of tenure are stumbling blocks to securing the best possible men for jobs in the police department. As previously stated, political interference only hampers the proper selection of qualified police personnel, but in the case of promotion, political meddling is more pronounced. This may be attributed to the absence of a preplanned promotional procedure. There have been no civil service examinations specifically designed for grades higher than that of patrolman. Promotions In many local police departments are often rewards for political servitude. This practice Is an utter disregard for the pollee personnel, the pollee department, and the welfare of the community. Cases in point are several cities and municipalities with chiefs of police whose tenKHAKI & RED ure of office is dependent upon the whims and fancies of the appointing authorities. One city in the south has 16 chiefs of police in 16 years. This anomalous situation can be remedied by the Civil Service Commission with the giving of promotional examinations at regular intervals to deserving and qualified personnel of all ranks including the chiefs of police. In this way, the protection of tenure can be assured. The fourth yardstick of measuring police professionalism is the adequacy of compensation given to the pollee personnel. Our poficemen are about the lowest paid group of employees in the Philippine government .today. Where can you find a government employee whose salary scale ranges from PLOO to P9.00 monthly. It is only in the police department. Unbelievable yet it is true. In a certain town in Samar in 1957, the chief of police was ridiculously paid P1.25 per month while hls policemen received P0.83. The overall average salary for the 16,000 local police, is approximately PSO.OO per month. There is only one salary figure for each grade rel;!ardless of ability or length of service. The so-called minimum wage law is just a misnomer as far as the police are concerned, except for some big cities and municipalities. This rather pitiful situation of our policemen deserves serious consideration by our national and local authorities. Standardizing their salary according to the classes of cities and municipalities with financial grant from the national government is an ideal plan. England has the most practical salary plan for her poJice forces. The national government extends financial grants to the local police forces as much as 50% for police operations and salaries on the condition that the police force is certified as efficient by the Inspectors of Constabulary who are sent out regularly to inspect the police forces. This salary plan if applied in the Philippines will undoubtedly provide incentive and thereby improve the morale of our law enforcement officers. . Another yardstick of measuring professionalism in the police service is the firmness and impartiality exercised by the police in the enforcement of the laws. This yardstick is rather dependent upon the other yardsticks mentioned above. In the cities and municipalities where the policemen arc properly selected according to standard selection procedure; where the policemen are scientifically trained as to their duties and responsibilities; where the policemen are .c;iven adequate protection of tenure without political interference; and where the policemen are adequately paid, the citizen can expect an efficient and economical enforcement of their laws, and the resultant security in their well-being, lives. Uberties and properties. The people should pay for the price of professionalism in the police service for it is the answer to our perennial po· lice problems and deficiencies. On the other hand, police professionalizalContinued on page 22) Page 17 The Process Of Police Organization Planning By Major PACIENCIO S. MAGTIBAY Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION L A WELL PLANNED ORGANIZATION- A KEY TO EFFICIENCY Organization is as old as society itself, It started even before the dawn of history when man began to seek the company of people of his choosing, either for some social puJooscs or for his own self-preservation. He believed that he, standing alone, had little chance of surviving the numerous battles in life in the face of his rapidly changing world. From this modest assodation started what is known today as organization. But as the pattern of human endeavors grew more and more complicated, the need for a more and more stable and well-coordinated organizati~nal way of life betame vividly felt. It became a necessity in the general scheme of life. This is not only true in social groups, but also in any political, cultural, economic, and religious organization. The process of "Organization, however, is not a sim· pie straight-forward process. There are numerous variable factors which tend to complicate it. One of them is the rapidly changing culturnl behavior of people who compose the organization, as they berome more and more educated. These varied behaviors produce numerous interactions within the organization which tend to undo::rmine its efficiency and economy in operntions. To stabilize the situation, o>Jrganization managements started to improve theh· systems procedures. They even supplemented these with intensive in-service trainings and rigid personnel selection programs. While it is true that they contribute to a large degree, in enhancing the efficiency and economy in operations, it should be considered, however, that it is the organizati<Jn structure that provides the fr.1mework upon which the administration and operational activities of any agency is built, If this framework is weak, the resulting systems and procedures will also be weak. A good organization structure may not guarantee a g>:~od system, but definitely a poor organizational pattern will not produce any effective and desirable result (1:13). In other words, a good organizational framework holds the key to efficiency and economy. This statement concerns more p;,)ice agencies wherein the administrative and operational activities are becoming more and more complicated and highly sensitive. Perhaps no other arm of the government is more subjected to critical attacks from various segments of &J· ciety than this agency, because of the nature of its responsibilities. In most instances, such criticisms were true. In many areas, the police is still considered as the weakest member in the governmental family. It still lags other public services in standard of efficiency and perfonnance (2:5). lt is still struggling today to be at par with them both in efficiency and public Nnfidence. In this stl'llggle, a good organization planning will greatly play an important role in paving the way toward the attainment of that end. How well the police agency is Page 18 organized, coupled with the extent to which its performances meet the need of the people it serves, are matters of paramount importance. II ORGANIZATION PROBLEMS Before the inception of the Industrial Revolution tradition time and methods study had avoided problem: solving tasks and dealing with the aspects of human behavior (4:14). The management people contended that the work was separable from man. The task was more imp;:~rtant since labor was in surplus and therefore it was the duty of the worker to adjust himself to the job (3:47). Workers were given less motivation, little appreciation in_ solving intra-organizational conflicts of interest, JimLtcd participation in the infonnation-suggesting processes, and limited role in decision-making (4:33). In short, man was merely being used as an instrument of production (5:1). But the advent of the machine age tremendously revolutionize the human way of life. Its impact brought aOOut drastic changes in the cultural, social, and economic bearing of the people. Workers started to demand for more and more recognitions of their rights, and greater respect for human values (3:8). This change, in turn, produced a chain reaction in organizati-ons of all fonns because people spend much of their time in them. Some deviations from the old traditional concept of organization became inevitable to meet the pressing demand. This compelled, therefore, organization management to search for an ideal organization pattern that will be in harmony with the changing cultural and social values of the people. The efforts led to some new ideas whic:1 when applied minimized many organizational conflicts. Howe\·er, no pattern has yet been devised that can solve the numerous and varied pathological organization problems. While many organizations and entities of the govemment are rapidly assimilating the new organizati-onal ideas, the progress in the police field is lamentably slow. A great maj.Jrity of them still continue to function according to the patterns laid do·wn several decades ago. l\Jany police executives still cling to the so-called oneway authoritarian relations and still look down upon the members of their forces as human machines. One reason f.ar this is that they believe that these new ideas may not apply to police service because the latter were originally postulated for industrial enterprises. Sepondly, since the preservation of discipline in the police organization is of paramount importance, they feel that if they totally abOCirb the same, it may adversely affect the effectiveness of the force. And lastly, many of them simply close their eyes to realism, believing that the best method is always the hied method. 1hese presumptions arc baseless and mere products of imagination. Ill PURPOSE The purpose of this work is intended not ro totally disregard the classical theory of organization. Organizational development is still in the infant state and researches in this field is still in progress. No scientific MARCH-APRIL, 1963 arrangement has yet been evolved t hat can .satisfy the numerous and variable organizational problems in all situaticns. Besides there are still many of the traditionAl practices that are too useful in the police sel"\'ice to be totally discarded. Fundamentally, organizatkms are formed when a group of pe-.::>ple, no matter how few their numbers are, associate with each other for the attainment of a common objective. From this statement, it can be deduced that there are two processes involved : first, the use of the organization as a process by its members, and secondly, the manner by which they per!onn their tasks to attain the common objective. This work is concerned primarily with the organization as a process, that is t~e study of its internal structures. Obviously, this will involve considerations of people and tasks. The succeeding discussions will still follow the features of the organization as an hierarchy. However, attempts will be made to rationalize some of the new organizational ideas which may be of value in the police service. It will also attempt to discuss the step-by-step process ·Jf organization structuring to facilitaro easy understanding of its mechanics. The presentation of the proce11s is made as simple as possible because this material is intended to be used as a guide by the local police forces in the Philippines where steps are now being taken to improve their efficiency. BIBLIOGRAPH Y 1. Norman N. Barish, Systems Analysis For EftccIndud'ion or NAGPROP OHieers and Directors recently by Secretary of National Defense, Macario Peralta Jr. Lert to right: Navy Lt. Fernando Edralin- Auditor, M.rs. Helen del Rosario . Treasurer, Lt. Col. Luciano I. Gunabe • President, Ramon Romero - DirectOr, Jose Giron - Director, Jose Pascual - Director, Zoaimo Falcla • DirecmAKI I< RED live Administration . New York; Funk & Wagnalls CJ., 1951 2. V.A. Leonard, Police Organization :md i\lanagcment . Brooklyn : The Foundation Press, Inc., Hl51 3. John N. Pfiffner and Frank P. Sherwood, ,\dministrati ve Organization . Englewood Cliffs, N. J. : Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1960 4. James G. March and Herbert A. Simrn, Org-anizations . New York: John Wiley & Son.s, Inc., 1958. 5. John N. Pfiffner, Organization - The Study or lliera rc'hy. Los Angeles: University of Southern California Bookstore, 1957. 6. James D. Mooney, The l~rinc i p l es of Organization . New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 19-17. Clta]Jter II I'OLlCE ORGANIZATION PI,ANNIXG I. THE PURPOSE OF OHGANlZATION STRUCTURE Since man differ in nature, capacity and skill, and gain greatly in dexterity by specialization; because man cannot be at two places at the same time; because one man cannot do two things at the same time; and since the range of knowledge and skill is so great that a man c:nu;-Jt, with his life span, know more than a small fraction of it (1:3-6), therefore, it becomes necessary to work out an arrangement to resolve these problems in\"olving time, motion and distance. This arranging process is, in effect, organization. This may be accomplished by dividing the w;:.rk, allocating them to those working together as a group, and developing singleness tor, Pedro Tu'azon - Executive Secreta ry, Federic" Azcarate - Directl;)r, Efrain Carlos - Director. Not shown in pict ure : Esmeraldo de Leon - \'ice-President, Bcujamin Alcantara Dircc.tor, Rcgi.no Giagonia. - PRO, Arntonio Clemente - Liaison Offi.:er, Casimiro A vi so . Director. Page 19 of purpose in their minds so that each will fit his task into the- whole with skill and enthusiasm (1:3-6). ln lther words, it is fitting together individuals and their tasks as productively as possible (2:246). With-out this arrangement, there will result chaos and confusions. It will not only lead to inefficiency, but also lower morale, and propagate human dissatisfacti-;,n. Organization differs from management in that the latter is a function concerned in the execution of policies within the limits set up by the administration and t..'te employment of the organization for the particular object set before it. Likewise, it differs from administration in the sense that the latter is a function in an enterprise concerned in the detennination of policies, coordination of the productive efforts, structural organization, and the ultimate control by the executive. This means that organization planning is merely a portion of the administrative function. ll MEANING OF TERMS Organization. It is the pattern of ways in which large number of people, too many to have intimate faceto-face contact with all others, and engaged in a conscious, systematic establishment and accomplishment of mutually agreed purpose (3:30). Organizatio11 Structure, This is the overall plan of relationsbips of jobs, people to people, and thlngs to things. The relationship between jobs is ordinarily pictured on the organization chart by means ot lines. If these lines arc black and unbroken, they indicate superior-subordinate or "command" relationship. If the lines are broken, the relationship is of a different nature: perhaps functional ; perhaps staff; or perhaps merely infonnational (4:12). This structure is sometimes called the fonnal organization or the official structure. Social Structure. This is a set of relationships bet ween the people as distinct ft-.:>m the jobs which supple· ment the fonnal structure. It is also called the infonnal organization (4:12-13). Hierarchy. This is essentially the structural concept in which jobs, positions, processes, and procedures are arranged in levels of status. It is concerned wit..'t operntions and things as distinguished from people. It is established on the basis of duties, activities and tasks. There are various types, namely: (1) job-task hierarchy; (2) rank hierarchy; (3) skill hierarchy; and (4) pay hierarchy (3:66). Line Functions. These are the functions that an agency is primarily called upon to perfonn. They are sometimes called the primary or operational duties. In police work these functklns include: (1) patrol; (2) crime investigation (3) traffic control; (4) vice control; and (5) juvenile-crime control (5:22). Administrative Functions. These embrace the tasks of management which facilitate and make possible the effective accomplishment of the line and auxiliary functions. It may be divided into operational administrative duties and managerial duties (5:24-25). Staff }'unctions. These functions embrace only those duties performed by a staff officer who, in contrast to a line officer, exercises no direct authority over operating or line personnel (5:26). The staff is merely informative, advisory and supervisory body. Auxiliary Functions. These are services to the operating or line personnel that aid them in the performance of their duties. It is sometimes caJied secondary Page 20 or service functions (5:28-24). Coordination, This is the orderly arrangement of group efforts in order to achieve unity of action in pursuing a common purpose (6:5). Line of Authority. This is the black line on the organization chart which represents the official will of the organization. It indicates the channel through which the authority 'delegated by the executive flow down to the lowest level. It is, also, the channel thtough which the communication normally flow. Span of Control. This represents the number of persgns that a person supervises. Chain o:Jf Command. This is a series of levels of authority connected by a chain of unbroken line. III GUIDING PRINCIPLES lN ORGANIZATION STRUCTURING Organizations of aU kinds, ancient and modern, are described by many historians, but little effort has ever been made to compare and trace from them a common pattern (6:2). This is because organizations are com· posed of people, not things, and therefore it is difficult to generalize and isolate principles that are applicable to all organizations at all times. However, examinations of the past and present organizations of industrial and commercial interprises, the armed forces, and public offices reveal some common practices that have been pto:Jven to be workable (7:65). Some of these guiding principles are: 1. 1-..'very function of the organization should be assigned to a unit of that organization. 2. The responsibilities assigned to each unit should be clear cut. 3. Responsibility fur a function should be matched by the autOOrity necessary to perfonn that function. 4. The authority and responsibility for action should, to the greatest extent possible, be decentralized to those actually perfonn.ing the operation. 5. Unnecessary duplication and overlapping should be avoided, 6. The number of personnel reporting to a supervisor should not be more than what can be effectively coordinated and directed. 7. Throughout the organization, each member should know to whom he reports and who rep:lrts to him. 8. No member of the organization should be responsible, administratively, to more than one supervisor. 9. The organization should never be so elaborate as to hinder work accomplishment. 10. The number of levels of authority should be kept to a minimum. 11. In deciding whether to centralize or decentralize, the performance of service and planning function~ the economy of mass specialized o:Jperations and the elimination of duplication of functions must be compared with the reduction of communication and paper work ~~~;~s~~~e thr:d;~~~:~e;n u~~e o7':~~r:e a~n;:a:~n!::~i~~ possible under decentralized operationa (8:2). 12. Unifonn methods, polides and procedures, in clear, simple and understandable manner, should be in· :.tailed. (Continued on page 28) MARCH-APRIL, 1963 Biographical Skett:h of COLONEL JOSE C. MARISTELA Chief, CIS, HPC By AUREL R. PERLAS Asst PRO, CIS . "I shall restore to the CIS its pre-war presuge and pledge to make it a well-organized crimc-fightmg machine dedicated to the people's welfare". Tnesc were the first words of Col. Jose C. Maristela when he assumed command of the CIS on January 10, 1962. The same words found meanmg sJx months later as Colonel Maristela true to his pledge, has during that brief spa~ ol" time, virtually restored the CIS to its pre-war prestige. How did Colonel Maristela do this? The answer lies in his dynamic and commanding pers~nahty and unquestionable character worthy ot emulation. First, he saw to it that the organizatiOn is rid of all undesirables, and then instituted relorms, many of them never before Implemented by previous CIS chiefs. A bemedalled officer, having received more than 18 awards and decorations, Colonel Maristela graduated from the Philippine Military Academy and commission~d third lieutenant on March 15, 1941. His first assignment was as junior officer of the Combat Company of the 1st Infantry, lst Regular Division. He was promoted to second lieutenant on September 28, 1941 while he was student officer at the Philip~~~=r 1:;~~r!~~a~~~ ~~~0d~y~nla7:~he MwU:t~~~ signed with the office of the District Commander, 2nd Military District, ~amp Ord, Tarlac. He was commanding officer of the HeadquarKHAKI " RED ters and Headquarters Company, Headquarters 2nd Military District, in Camp Ord at the out break of the war. After the fall of Bataan in April 1942, he joined Barker's Guerrillas as intelligence officer and later as executive officer of the San Juan unit of the same organization, which position he held up to December 1942. The following month he joined Straughn's Guerrillas as intelligence officer, which position he held up to July 1943. In August 1943, he was directed to organize a guerrilla unit in Central Luzon, particularly ~~a!h~~~~~it~~t ~~e Tr~i~~e~~~l i~~~~i~~Z/no~ said unit known as the 1st Tarlac Regiment, which position he held up to May 25, 1946. His unit was later recognized by the U.S. Army with a recognized rank of colonel. As regimental commander of the 1st Tarlac Regiment, Colonel Maristela, then sporting the guerrilla rank of colonel, participated in the liberation of Pangasinan, Tarlac, Nueva Ecija and Lubang Island in Mindoro. He also secured the supply lines and routes of the U.S. 6th Army in Northern and Central Luzon. Colonel Maristela's guerrilla promotions were meteoric. He was promoted 1st lieutenant in June 1942, captain in January 1943, major in June 1943, lieutenant colonel in July 1943 and a U.S. recognized rank of colonel in March 1945. On May 26, 1946, he returned to military control and reported for duty at the 2nd Replacement Battalion in Camp Murphy, Quezon City. On July 18, 1946, he was placed on duty with the Headquarters 22nd Infantry, Philippine Army, and later transferred to the 1st Battalion, 63rd Infantry, in Bukidnon. He returned to the Headquarters 22nd Infantry on September 8, 1946. On October 1, 1946, he was designated adjutant and personnel officer of the 1st Battalion, 22nd Infantry and later as regimental intelligence officer of the same unit. On July 15, 1947, he was sent to the United States to study at the Infantry School in Fort Benning, Georgia. Upon his return on January 21, 194~. he was designated instructor at the Philippine Ground Force School in Floridablanca, Pampanga. He became acting battalion commander of the 1st Battalion, Infantry Training Group, Philippine Ground Force, on July 16, 1949. On September 1, 1949, he was designated chief of the Information Branch, Military Intelligence Service, AFP, which position he held up to August 16, 1950 when he was placed on duty with the AFP operations division in Camp Murphy. Colonel Maristela's guerrilla rank of colonel wai gradually reduced to captain upon his return to the regular army on August 31, 1946. His promotion which was only temporary was made permanent on October 7, 1947. He was promoted to temporary major on February 12, Page 21 1951; made permanent major on July 3, 1951 ; temporary lieutenant colonel on November 25, 1955; made permanent in 1956, and full-fledged colonel on December 22, 1960, which was confirmed by the Commission on Appointments on May 17, 1961. Colonel Maristela was designated operations officer of the 20th BCT on September 14, 1950; was transferred to the operations division of the Phil ippine Army Training Command in Ft. Wm. McKmlcy, Rizal, on July 10, 1951; commanding oHicer at the Infantry Training Unit, PATC, on January 1, 1952; executive otficer of the PC operations division in Camp Cmme on February I , 1953; commanding off1cer of the 6th BCT on January 4, 1954; commandant of the Philippine Constabulary School in Camp Crame on March 1, 1957; provincial commander of Mountain Provmce on June 1, 1957; provincial commander ot Rizal on September 1, 1957; commanding officer of the 20th BCT on December 9, 1957, and stud· ent officer of the Command and General Staff School in Fort McKinley, Rizal on July, 1958. Upon his graduation from the CGSS on December 20, 19::>8, he was designated personnel chief of the Philippine Army and later as head of Research and Evaluation at the CGSS. In 1959, he was also sent to Australia to observe personnel and administration procedures of the Royal Australian Army. The following year, he was sent as a government pensionado to the United States where he took up courses in personnel management and man-p .... w.er control at Indianapolis, Indiana. Upon his return, he was named head of the Department oi Infantry Division before he was named by Maj. Gen. Halph Butcher, (right) United States Army ProH>St .\larshal General, wa<; given a fill.in Oil the organ· izational llet-Uj), missions and accomplishments of the J>C criminal investigation service durillg his courtesy eall recently at the CIS in Camp Crame. The foreign provost marshal general, who is ~ur renfly on inspection tours or all provost marshal offices or the Armed Forces of the Philiptlines, was also briefed on the CIS fruitful eampai~ns against smuggling, car· n.11.pping, ,·ices and lawless elements by Lt. Col. Vicente Alhambra, CIS deput y and executive officer, in behalf of Col. Jose C. Maristela, CIS ~hief. Gen. Butcher W'as accompanied during his call at lh,. CIS by Lt. Col A. Lehman of JUSI\fAG; and Col. Jose Regala, chid of the PC traffic control group. Page 22 Brig. Gen. Nicanor D. Garcia, AFP deputy chief (then acting PC chief), as CIS chief on January 10, 1962. On August 14, 1962, Colonel Maristela was sent to Bangkok, Thz.iland, as a memher of the Philippine lJelegat ion to the 16th Meeting of the SEATO Committee of Security Experts (CSE). He returned on August 29 of ·the same year. Colonel Maristela is happily married to the former Matilde Co with whom he is blessed with four children. The family resides at No. 17 Capitol Drive, Pasig, Rizal. PROFESSIONALISM (Continued from page 17) tion cannot be achieved without the necessary administrative and legislative sanctions ot Ul~ government, both nattonal and locaL " fhere ~ a neea tor the Uvll Service l.:ommission to dis· charge its functions ot giving qualltying exatu. nations reg~arly tor police appllcants so as tv maintain a poot ot eugible ail throughout the country, ana also to establish a preplanned promotional procedure tor career developmeUL m order to give adequate protection ol tenure for the police personnel. The local_ authorilte~ should cooperate with the Civil Service Com· mission in these regards. To insure the ellictenl organization, admirustration and discipline of aH local police torces, there is a great need for the promulgation of new police rules and regula· lions. The State Potice Regulation of 193d is, in most cases, inapplicable and obsolete in the light of social changes and new inVentiom; which brought about new police problems, whose solu· lions require new methods, techniques and pro· cedures. The law ( CA 343 implemented by I=:xe· cutive Order No. 175 in 1938) authorizes the Chief of Constabulary to prescribe rules and regulations governing administration and supervision of local police forces with the approval of the President, therefore, the news that the draft of the police rules and regulations will soon be out, is most welcomed by all concerned. Legislations are indeed necessary to implement plans to standardize the training and salary of our po· lice forces. A professional approach by the police, assistance and guidance trom the appropriate public agencies, enactment of necessary. police legis· lations, and a continuing intelligent public inter· est in the support of the police, will, with1n a relatively short period, raise the standards of our local police forces. No real progress in law en· forcement can be made until such time as the general public and the government insist upon professional management of their police agencies through proper methods of selection, scientific training, protection of tenure, adequate compensation, and the firm and impartial enfon:ement of the laws of the land. ProfessJonalism is indeed the real answer to the police problems and deficiencies in the Phillpplnes. MARCH-APRIL, 1963 social maladjustments is criminality. The Process of Police . (Continued from page 20) III. PLANNING THE ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE Society, therefore, formulated varlous norms of social conduct, in the forms of laws, and created systems of social control, to safeguard its welfare, stability and The Police ~al. progressive existence. Among the numerous public servSocial groups are not merely aggregates of persons, ices created, the police agency plays the most dynamic but groups of people who live and work together as role. It is this entity that enforces the law and mainsocial units. Each member, in his actions, takes into t.a.ins peace and order in society. This is its broad obaccount what he considers to be the expectation of olhers, jective. arid he, in tum, expects others to act toward him in the ESTABLISIITNG THE JOBS NECESSARY most desirable way. These mutual expectations define TO ACHIEVE THE POLICE GOAL the_ so-called social role which establish social relation- With the police goal already determined, the next ships. In such relationships, each member has a definite step in the planning is to determine the jobs necessary reciprocal rights and duties which are regulated through to accomplish this goal. In this process, all conceivable social norms, sometimes referred to as standard way of tasks should be mapped out. It shall include, among acting (9:4-7). others, tasks designed for: (1) the protection of life However, since social groups consist of individuals and property; (2) preservation of peace and order; (3) possessing varying personality and attitude patterns, the protection of the members of society against harmful standardizati-on of the social norms become an onerous acts, both willful and inadvertent, of criminal as well as process. Some of these diverse personalities and atti- the non-criminal class; (4) enforcement of the variou>. tudes find disapproval because they tend to disrupt the laws, ordinances and regulations; (5) protection of tht: functional relationships of the people. This problem is citizens against immoral conducts (5:2); and (6) service!! further magnified by: (1) the diversification of culture to the community and other government agencies. In in society as a result of rapid urbanization; (2) the in- addition to this wide field of subjective activities, a dctroducbon of various fonns of vice; and (3) the economic tailed outline of the different administrative and sen·ic<:l maladjustment brought about by the technological devel- tasks necessary to facilitate the execution of the aboveopments which are rapidly outpacing the economic and mentioned responsibilities must be worked out. These __ ':_~_ia_cl_<h_a_:ng:__•_•._T_h_•_m_o,_t_on_d_o._i,_ab_la_b_:Y~·P_rod_o:_a_t _:• r_t_h'_" _ _ la _tte_, _tn_•k_s are called adjective tasks. They include: THE DRIVE-WHEE L TIRE ~ DESIGNED t=DR f'Af1l~f lr.f1f)f{(ft: MILEAGE TRA CTIOI EXPRESS ORIGINAL TRE AD OUTWEARS A REG ULAR PLUS A RECAP FLATTER, THICKER TREAD COOL-RUNNitlG TREAD COMPRESSED TREAD TREAD DESIGN iiZ'£..1!!/$ NYLON SHOCK SHIELD B.F.Goodrich Philippines .. ,~!~: KHAKI lo RED Page 23 (1) personnel administration; (2) planning; (3) policymaking; (4) inspectional supervision; (6) budgetary control; (6) operation and maintenance of facilities and equipment; (7) public relations; (8) jail administration; (9) operation and maintenance o( p;llice records; (10) criminal identification service; (11) police laboratory service; (12) communication service; and (13) such other services that may be necessary to enable the operating units to accomplish thei1· tasks successfully. The manner and extent of determining the jobs necessary to acoomplish the police goal are important because they influence not only the type of organization structure to be planned, but also the extent of specialization to be prescribed. (To be Continued) Care Of The Human Dentition . (Continued from page 12) dentist. In the opinion of the author a child should have his first visit at the age 3, for this is the most logical time for a child to have his first dental appointment. The average visit of 4 times a year is necessary until the child reaches the age of 6 thence 3 times during childhood period, after which 2 times a year is sufficient. The frequency of visit to the dentist should not be overlooked for this will help in the further management of the child, thus making cooperation between patient and dentist a better one. Compliments of G. Afable Storage Battery Page 24 207 A. Bonifacio St., Quezon City MANUFACTURER: QUALITY PHILBAT BATTERIES For Trucks-Cars-Marine Tel. 2-22-65 Another factor which we dentists wish to impress to both children and parents is the importance of conserving the temporary teeth. This matter is very important in order to avoid irregularities in the eruption of the permanent ones. If the temporary teeth are neglected the symmetry of the face of the child is in danger and may bring about a serious defect in the ~acial expression of the child. Juvenile Delinquency . (Continued from page 9) to do. In the absence of a probation agent, a social worker, or a "visiting teacher", if the boy was a student, an experienced police officer could have provided the probation services. Rf'ports of investigation with corresponding judicious recommendations by competent iuvenilf' workers are excellent bases for court action. It would have been ideal if a pre-sentence investigation was provided prior to any court action. The importance of an investigation which generallv includes a thorough study of the iuvenile-his physical. mental and emotional development----<:annot be overemphasized. Apnropriately, the investigation should als0 include a study of the delinquent's environment, includinJ! his familv. home conditions, and associates. A Basic Problem? Another problem on juvenile delinouency prevention and control may , be typified bv the following: In a police administration course conducted by the Philippine Constabularv School for chiefs of police an,d other lower-ranking police officers from various police departments of the country, a police chief frankly revealed that he had the misfortune of not being able to get the cooperat ion of his mayor, the judge, and worst of all, the parents of a boy who has been apprehended several times for having repcntedly committed vandalism, petty thefts, robbery, and other misdeeds. The father of the boy in question belongs to the top hierarchy of the municipal government and of the ruling party of the town. The police chief was prevailed upon by the powers-that-be not to make a referral at all. In this particular case, the most proper disposition would have been a referral to the court since any petition could be well supported to warrant such action. Further, a patter[\,of delinquent acts has been established bv the experienced police officer. But the delinquent boy was an "untouchable", and he could not be referred to anyone including his parents. Causes of Juvenile Delinquency? The foregoing is ample evidence to prove that some causal factors of delinquent behavior of juveniles can be attributed to the failure of parents to (1) build the character of their chi.ldren beginning at pre-school age, (2) supen•Jscand guide them whenever possible, and (3) make them feel wanted. Juvenile investigators, MARCH-APRIL, 1963 however, should not be attached to the oversimplification of the whole problem. There is never a single explanation acceptable as to why :inhaJ~v ~~~::t~~re~s~cd~ili~a~e~el!~du~;!c?:Ji~~~ investigators can provide inore convincing answers. In the field of causation, haohazarci guessing should never be indulged in. Because of varied individual experiences, even the experts become attached to their own particular study and declare that they have hit the jackpot and the means of crime prevention so thought of is advocated as the only panacea. Disposition and Services It is highly imperative that a wiser disposition of the two aforementioned cases be done inasmuch as the individuals involved are no longer in their state of latent delinquency. Predispositions to their misbehavior have become manifested and most likely their misdeeds could be repeated because some conditioning factors seemed to have evidently played a great influence in their lives. The outlet of their instabilities could be the same. Above all, such factors as their personalities, their homes, schools, and communities need thorough investigation. At least these areas of involvement must be protected from these individuals. One way of achieving this end is to subject the serious youthful offenders to treatment and undergo re-education in appropriate institutions for the purpose of completely altering their personalities in order to become worthy members of society again. Role of the PC In Juvenile Dellnquency As the national law enforcement agency of the Philippines, the Constabulary occupies a vantage position in the prevention and control of juvenile delinquency. In Jaw enforcement, the individual and crime are central. If we deal with the individual-since crime is always associated with the individual-what better place to start crime prevention than with thr juveniles, the children who first begin to manifest the tendency to COJJ1mit crime in their formative years, for it is the concensus that most juvenile delinquents become the hardened adult criminals. The Constabulary has taken some determined steps to prevent juvenile delinquency. However, no expert guidance has been provided to Constabulary personnel involved in this technical field on account of inadequate preparation and facilities to meet the demands of the problem. If there has been an arrangement whereby a section at Headquarters Philippine Constabulary had assumed the responsibility of responding to the demands calling for the solution of the juvenile malady, the move along this line could hardly be considered suf~~~ec~!s t:e~~fa~edi6~ ~= ;~~f~~~ti~s s:~~r~~ technical office or section adequately prepared to tackle such a continuing nationwide problem would come in handy. It is imperative that KHAKI I& RED instead of complacently relying on one certain section with multifarious duties, one distinct unit should devote its full time to so technical a field of endeavor as juvenile delinquency prevention and control. A separate Juvenile Control Office on a special staff section level in HPC is evidently the pressing need of the day. Such an important office would more adequately satiate the needs attendant to the important role the Constabulary must undertake in the nationWide effort to prevent and control juvenile delinquency. Functions of the Juvenile Control Office Activities such as the folowing are appropriate to be undertaken by the Juvenile Control Office: (1 ) Expert advice to the Chief of Constabulary on all matters pertaining to juvenile delinquency, (2) formulation of plans and policies governing the activities and operations of the Philippine Constabulary to curb juvenile delinquency, (3) staff supervision of all activities and operations of the Philippine _Constabulary to prevent and control juvenile delinquency, (4) conduct of special studies, research and surveys relating to the prevention of juvenile delinquency and youth crime, (5) preparation and conduct of orientation and in-service training courses for all assigned and prospective juvenile officers of police departments in the Philippines, (6) coordination and liaison with all public and private agencies involved in the prevention and control of juvenile delinquency, (7) collation and maintenance of nation-wide records of arrests of minors and compilation of reports, case studies, crimes-their extent and nature-of juvenile delinquents, waywardness of minors and offenses by minors together with their disposition, (8) assistance in the establishment and operation of juvenile units of local police departments, juvenile halls, detention homes, and youth camps, and (9) study of juvenile laws and their implementation and drafting of proposed legislation to bolster the nationwide effort to prevent and control juvenile delinquency. The Medico-Legal . (Continued from page 15) When referred to us for evaluation, we simply measured the wounds and computed their diameter and found that the diameter of the entrance wound was too small to have been produced by a .45 caliber bullet, leaving the probability on the carbine shot. The simple knowledge of what "caliber" is the firearm will generally enable one easily to be of assi.5tance, in cases of this nature, to criminal investigators. (Discuss "caliber" at this point.) Third point: Be ever aware of the objective of the medico-legal examination. For example, in conducting medico-legal autopsies, one should keep in mind that it can fur· Page Z5 nish information that may be essential in establishing the identity of the dead person, the time of death, the circumstances in which the fatal injury was incurred, the type of weapon or agent employed, factors which may have predisposed the victim to injury, the identity of the person or persons responsible for the same, the relative position between the victim and the assailant, and whether or not a recovered weapon was planted. A case in point is a Novaliches case, a victim of hanging whose body was recovered 10 days after his reported disappearance during which time it had been exposed to the elements and roaming animals, identity was positively established only through the fingerprints. Recovery of any slug which may have been retained in the body is most important to establish identity of firearm from which fired. (<~ BRAZAL case, Pampanga. There is that case we exhumed in an Iloilo town a few months ago. The report of the Chief of Police indicated that the victim was drunk and must have accidentally fallen off the railroad bridge into the murky waters below. And yet, the medico-legal report of the hospital pathologist who performed the autopsy disclosed \arious injuries on the face and extremities with a finding that cause of death was drowning, but no mention was made of the nature of the stomach contents nor any indication as to the state of sobriety of the victim which could have cleared up the drinking angle. Later developments in the investigation tend to show that the victim was not drunk and was mauled by four men before the body was thrown over the bridge. Fourth point : We can not overemphasize the fact that while we maybe presented as prosecution or defense witnesses, we are neither witnesses in favor of the prosecution over the defense. We are primarily witnesses in the interest of science and of truth. As such we should REMAIN NEUTRAL AND UNBIASED IN OUR OPINIONS AND GIVE THE SAME ONLY AFTER A CAREFUL CONSIDERATION OF ALL GATHERABLE FACTS -AND CIRCUMSTANCES. The important concern of the physician whose assistance is sought in the administration of justice is not so much in being instrumental in the placing of the guilty behind bars as in the setting free of the innocent. We have often heard it said that it would be much preferrable to allow ten (10) guilty men to remain free, than to send one (1) innocent man behind bars. In one case, a person was arrested and charged with killing another by means of stabbing with a knife. Two witnesses pointed to him as the assailant. The rural health officer, who autopsied the case, placed as cause of death: "Severe hemorrhage due to a stab wound on the chest." Grapevine information reached the ears of the Provincial Commander that the ,·ictim died from a gunshot wound. He lost no Page 26 time in wiring us to exhume the body from which we recovered a bullet in the left thorax which pierced through the right arm, and into the chest, fractured a rib and grazed a thoracic vertebra. In this case, a careful study of the ~~~~d ~a0v~u~~~il~0 i~~~c:::Jh~~g th~ ~~~t~;c~~: impossibility of their having been produced by a knife. Needless to say, the incarcerated suspect was set free, and the culprit who turned out to be policeman was properly charged. It was also establ ished by ballistics examination that the recovered slug was fired from the gun of the policeman. But the case did not end there. I understand that there are many complications that have set in this particular case, which may involve the doctor. Fifth point: One should avoid all pretensions of knowledge or learning but instead should continuously try to learn and acquire added knowledge, for in the words of Dr. E. Grey Dimond, the former President of the American College of Cardiology, a good physician is the "result of his continuing lifetime education .. and a medical education lasts forty years, ... not four." This standard applies to all aspects of medical practice. Before he gives out an opinion, if asked by the court, he should be certain that he knows the subject matter under inquiry, and that the tf~~Tajt~~~e h~a:fet~i~~p~~t:~f~~;~s~~\h~::~t for assistance in an immigration case wherein another expert opined that the result of the blood paternity test done in the case docs not exclude the child as a possible offspring of the couple. I can not help but observe that the reputed expert being consulted was ignorant of the subject matter when he erroneously informed the judge that it is easy to determine whether a child is excluded as a possible offspring .. just determine the blood types of the parents and the child ... if his blood type is not that of either the parents, then he is excluded as a possible offspring. This, of course, is definitely false ¥Jd misleading. (Discuss blood paternity test) Sixth point: Never be unduly influenced by the history given by either the complainant, relative, or others. This is specially true in chastity cases. '· A 16-year-old girl, accompanied by her mother, alleged that she was forcibly abused sexually 8 days before, by a nephew of a suburban mayor. Upon arrival of her mother from the province, she was brought to us for examination. There were several bruises in various parts of her body and legs. After the detailed medical examination, we requested the mother to stay some distance . away while we re-interviewed the girl. We confronted the girl with our findings that her injuries could not have MARCH-APKIL, 1963 been incurred 8 days earlier as they were freshly inf~ictl::d, and she readily admitted that they were mfhcted by her own mother upon learning about what happened to her. She was actually seduced, not raped. T~ere was that Balic-Balic case of a 23-year old w1dow, who allegedly was raped the night before by a 17-year old "canto boy" under threat of death with a knife. According to her, she was sound asleep when she felt someone beside, threatening to kill her if she should resist his advances. After accomplishing his lewd design, he left via the window through which he apparently gained entrance. Very early the next morning, the boy returned offering her a bottle of fresh milk and a piece of ham sandwich which, in her anger, she threw to the ground. She submitted the bottle of spilled milk and the sandwich which was soiled with earth as evidence. After completing the medical examination of the girl, we re-interviewed her and told her she was not telling the truth. She readily adm~tted that s~e mistook the intruder for her boy fnend, and d1d not offer utmost resistance for fear her brother might wake up and harm him; she became doubtful about the identity of the man when the boy, upon departing, did not get u~ the stairs of their neighbor where her boy fnend resides. Her suspicion was confirmed when this boy came offering the milk and sandwich early that morning. KHAKI & RED In the genital examination of alleged victim of crimes against chastity, utmost care must be exercised. A six-year-old girl claimed that she was sexually abused by a middle-aged man in a San Juan theater. On examina tion of the girl, we found her to be so undeveloped physically and virginal in state that it is incredible to believe her allegation that the man had actually consummated the act. On the other hand, there are some cases of women who have retained the physical state of virginity after repeated sexual experience. One last advice in cases of examinations for rape; In making out a report, one should confine himself to his actual findings in the report and should not make any conclusion as to whether or not rape was committed. That is what the investigators will try to determine and will much depend on circumstances and evidence taken allogetheL There are numerous other cases of interest wherein the medico-legal findings gave the investigators the true lead as to the manner of perpetration of the crime. In two cases, both from Bulacan, witnesses claimed that the victims were shot. On autopsy, one was verified as a victim of depressed skull fracture with an almost perfect piggy-bank hole produced by a chisel, and the other by a heavy-bladed weapon (a hatchet) inflicted from in front downward and to the right, producing a complete oblique fracture of the frontal, parietal and temporal portions of the skull. Seventh point: The employment of ELEMENTARY COMMON SENSE IS VERY IMPORTANT IN THE CONDUCT OF MEDICOLEGAL EXAMINATIONS. In a Pangasinan case, which was initially autopsied by the rural health officer, the doctor reported a gunshot wound on the lower angle of the right jaw with an exit on the front of the left jaw. He was inquiring about how the bullet missed the mandible. Actually the presence of a depressed fracture or ~h~e i:1~r~~~~i~~d~~lea ';~~b~r{Jl~~~~h ~~r!~dd f~flowing the tract produced by the bullet. He also reported a gunshot wound of entrance on the anterior aspect of the left arm with its point of exit at its postero-lateral part. The reported exit turned out to be an impact abrasion with no opening and was very similar to another mark on the left upper chest whkh was produced by a thrust with a butt of a rifle. A greatly deformed slug and three small pieces of bone fragments were recovered from the deltoid. As there was no involvement of the humerus, we remarked to the doctor that the jaw wound must have been incurred with the head tilted to the left and the left arm upraised, whereupon, the investigator volunteered the information that the victim was found lying on his left side with the head resting upon the upraised arm. Then too he reported a traumatic wound at the occiput producing an oval-shaped hole in the skull, bePage 27 cause he failed to establish any exit nor to recover any bullet. All we did was to see if there was any crack on any part of the skull and immediately saw one at the base just left of the foramen magnum, in which a greatly deformed lead slug was tightly imbedded. And he also did wrong when he made his incisions on the body pass through the bullet holes making it most difficult to reconstruct their measurements. We do not want to appear over-critical in this case but only wish to emphasize the many errors committed In a single case which could have been avoided by the simple expedient of employing elementary common sense. One observation is pertinent to point out in connection with gunshot wounds involving the skull. We can not anticipate how the bullet will act when it strikes the skull. A little tilting of the head may result in widely diverse effects. We had one case of a .45 caliber bullet through the right ear, shot from a distance of a few inches away, which passed through the mastoid, into the base of the skull and recochetting around the base, the occiput and into the parietal area and lodging in between the cerebral hemispheres of the brain at the falx cerebri. (Discuss distinctions between GSW entrance Atty. Casimiro Calual.!, Chairman of the committee which framed the anti-smuggling primer, presenting to the Presidential Committee On Efficiency Performance (PRECEP) Chairman Eleuterio Adevoso the final draft of the primer. From left: Atty. Eugenio Cruz, Asst. Chief, Legal Div. PRECEP; Atty. Maximino Allanigue. Chief LePage 28 and exist - De Guzman case, Amuck case, San Fernando case) Eighth point: On the matter of medical certificates, we should be very careful against rnakind false certificates as these are actionable not only admJnJstratlvely but also criminally, constituting as it does the crime of "Issuance of False Medical Certificate" punishable under Article 174 of the Revised Penal Code. The elements of this crime are: ( 1) issuance of a false medical certificate; (2) such issuance is in connection with his practice; and (3) the physician had knowledge of the falsity of the statements contained therein at the time of its execution. (U.S. vs. Remigio, 37 Phil. 599) skutF&~~~~~i~~h~h ~i~id:d:~e~~~edd~d,r;:::e ly deformed lead slug in the victim who was certified by the rural health physician in a town in Quezon province to have died from coronary thrombosis. It was established in this case that the victim died three days after he was shot accidentally by a nephew-in-law while hunting, and that the doctor was requested to place "food poisoning" but instead entered "coronary thrombosis" as the cause of death in the certificate. gal Div. PRECEP; Atty. Casimiro Caluag, Chief, Legal Div., Bureau of Customs; Pres. Executive Asst. Eleuterio .Aidevoso; Atty. Jose Agcaoili, Dept. of Justiee; Atty. Victor Arches. Assf. Chief, PRECEP; Atty. Gaudioeo Abesamis, Legal Div. Bureau of Internal Revenue and Major Buenaventura B. Fernandez, PC Representative. MARCH-APRIL, 1963 The issuance knowingly of any false medical certificate is also specifically cited in the Medical Law (Par. 9, Sec. 24, RA 2382) as one of the grounds for reprimand, suspension, or revocation of the certificate of registration. It is sad to observe that many medical practitioners take this criminal offense lightly. It does affect the esteem, trust, and confidence of the public in the profession as a whole. How many of us have been approached and have issued medical certificates even without seeing the examinee in connection with applications for driver's license? How many of us have issued medical certificate for non-existing conditions to support a sick leave or to justify failure to appear in court? An accused in a criminal case out on bail did not appear on the date of hearing before the CFI in Quezon City and instead sent through an emissary a medical certificate of a local doctor in Morang, Rizal, attesting to his failure to appear on account of sickness. The judge ordered us to proceed immediately to the to\vn to verify and we found that the accused just left that morning purportedly to attend the hearing, without even informing the members of the household about his alibi. Consequently, he was held in contempt of court, and the doctor admonished. Even if one escapes criminal liability since proof beyond reasonable doubt is required in such cases, still a physician may be administratively charged and found liable under the law, because an administrative case requires only preponderance of evidence to prove. Before I bring this to a close, I would wish to point out that among the manifold duties and obligations of a doctor, the medico-legal responsibility requires some serious consideration. Its growing importance and recognition is very gradually being recognized not by the medical but by the legal profession as well. It is therefore essential that each and every physician be conscious of his role in the solution and elucidation of cases which involve medical knowledge. He should be ever aware of the objectives of his medico-legal examinations. He should not jump hastily at conclusions without considering first all available facts and circumstances. Neither should he be unduly influenced by allegations of witnesses or of the complainant or his relatives. Medico-legal evidence should be as comprehensive as possible. A partial autopsy is always wrong in a medico-legal case. The use of elementary common sense is essential in the study and analysis of medico-legal cases. Most important to bear in mind, however, if I may be nermitted to quote Broardel, is that "If the law Uad made you a witness, remain a man of science. You have no victim to avenge, no guilty or innocent person to ruin or save. You must bear witness witbin the limits of science." KHAKI" RED COMPLIMENTS OF HAP'S BATTERY SUPPLY And ELECTRICAL SERVICE INSIST ON: ECONOMICAL-DEPENDABLEHAP'S BATTERIES FULLY GURANTEED HEAVY DUTY. Government Supplier ALL OVER THE PHILIPPINES. WILFREDO J. HEREZ General Manager 647 P. Herrera St. Tondo, Manila Duty, Honor, Country (Continued from page 11) to the judgment seat of God. I do not know the dignity of their birth, but I do know the glory of their death. They died, unquestioning, uncomplaining, with faith in their hearts, and on their lips the hope that we would go on to victory. Always for them: Duty, honor, country. Always their blood, and sweat, and tears, as we sought the way and the light and the truth. And 20 years after, on the other side of the globe, again the filth of murky foxholes, the stench of ghostly trenches, the slime of dripping dugouts, those boiling suns of relentless heat, those torrential rains of devastating storms, the loneliness and utter desolation of jungle trails, the bitterness of long separation from those they loved and cherished, the deadly pestilence of tropical disease, the horror of stricken areas of war. SWIFT AND SURE ATTACK Their resolute and determined defense, their swift and sure attack, their indomitable purpose, their complete and decisive victory-always victory, always through the bloody haze of their fast reverberating sliot, the vision of gaunt, ghastly men, reverently following your password of Page~ duty, honor, country. The code which those words perpetuate embraces the highest moral law and will stand the test of any ethics or philosophies ever promulgated for the uplift of mankind. Tts requirements are for the things that a re right and its restraints are from the things that are wrong. The soldier, above all other men, is required to practice the greatest act of religious training - sacrifice. In battle, and in the face of danger and death, he discloses those divine attributes which his Maker gave when He created man in His own image. No physical courage and no greater strength can take the place of the divine help which alone can sustain him. However, ha rd the incidents of war may be, the soldier who is called upon to offer and to give his life for his country is the noblest development of mankind. You now face a new world, a world of change. The thrust into outer space of the S<ttellite, spheres, and missiles marks a beginning of another epoch in the long story of mankind. In the five or more billions of years the scientists tell us it has taken to form the earth, in the three or more billion years of development of the human race, there has ne\'er been a more abrupt or staggering evolution. We deal now, not with things of this world alone, but with the illimitable distances and as yet unfarhomed mysteries of the universe. We are reaching out for a new and boundless frontier. We speak in strange terms of harnessing the cosmic energy, of making wi nds and tides work for us, of creating unheard of synthetic materials to supplement or even replace our old standard basics; to purify sea water for our drink; of mining ocean floors for new fields of wealth and food; of disease preventatives to expand life into the hundred of years; of controlling the weather for a more equitable distribution of heat and cold, of rain and shine; of spaceships to the moon; of the primary target in war, no longer limited to the armed forces of an enemy, but instead to include his civil populations; of ultimate conflict between a united human race and the sinister forces of some other planetary galaxy; of such dreams and fantasies as to make life the most exciting of all times. And through all this welter of change and development your mission remains fixed, dcter'11ined, inviolable. It is to win our wars. Everything else in your professional career is but corollary to this vital dedication. All other public purposes, all other public projects, all other public needs, great or small, will find others for their accomplishment; but you are the ones who nre trained to fight. THE PROFESSION OF ARMS Yours is the profession of arms, the will to win, the sure knowledge that in war there is no substitute for victory, that if you lose, the Nation will be destroyed, that the very obsession of Page 30 your public service must be duty, honor, country. na~~:e:t a~j11in~~~~~~iot~:l, c~.h~~hvdi~i~e i~~~~~ minds. But serene, calm, aloof, you stand as the Nation's war guardian, as its lifeguard from the raging tides of international conflict, as its gladiator in the arena of battle. For a century ~;c~e~ ~~slfh~~l~\~=~ttl~~ft7~~~·af~fb~r~t~ :~g fr~~~ dam, of right and justice. Let civilian voices argue the merits or demerits of our processes of government: Whether our strength is being sapped by deficit financing indulged in too long, by Federal paternalism grown too mighty, by power groups grown too arrogant, by politics grown too corrupt, by crime grown too rampant, by morals grown too low, by taxes grown too high, by extremists grown too violent; whether our personal liberties are as thorough and complete as they should be. These great national problems are not for your professional participation or military solution. Your guidepost Stands out like a tenfold beacon in the night: Duty, honor, country. You are the leaven which binds together the entire fabric of our national system of defense. From your ranks come the great captains who hold the Nation's destiny in their hands the moment the war tocsin sounds. The long, gray line has never failed us. Were you to do so, a million ghosts in olive drab, in brown khaki, in blue and gray, would rise from their white crosses, thundering those magic words: Duty, honor and country. PRAYS FOR PEACE This does not mean that you are warmongers. On the contrary, the soldier above all other people prays for peace, for he must suffer and bear the deepest wounds and scars of war. But always in our ears ring the ominous words of Plato, that wisest of all philosophers: "Only the dead have seen the end of war." The shadows are lengthening for me. The twilight is here. My days of old have vanished - tone and tint. They have gone glimmering through the dreams of things that were. Their memory is one of wondrous beauty, watered by teal"S and coaxed and caressed by the smiles of yesterday. I lislen vainly, but with thirsty ear, for the witching melody of faint bugles blowing reveille, of far drums beating the long 1-oll. In my dreams I hear again the crash of guns, the rattle of musketry, the strange, mournful mutter of the battlefield. But in the evening of my memory always I come back to West Point. Always there echoes and re-echoes: Duty, honor, country. Today marks my fina l roll call with you. But I want you to know that when I cross the river, my last conscious thoughts will be of the corps, and the corps, and the corps. I bid you farewell. MARCH-APRIL, 1!163 LETTER TO THE EDITOR' JA. Col. Wm. C. Silliman President Col. Atf'jandro Suari'!Z 2nd Vice President 1.1. Col. J. I.. Cochrun 1st Vice President Lt. Col. H. II. E la rlh Secretary-Treasurer PHILIPPINE CONSTABULARY Officers Association OFFICE OJ. ~ THE PRESIDENT . P.O. BOX 4116 Norton Air Force Base California, USA April 2, 1963 F ditor and General Manager Khaki And Red (Educational Office) l ldq Philippine Constabulary Camp Crame, Quezon City PH ILIPPINES Dear Sir: Please find enclosed my check in the amount of $17.50 US currency in payment of one year subscription to the publication "Khaki And Red", plus air mail postage. Jn the event said amount is insufficient or the air mail postage please advise me ccordingly. We the original officers of the Philip\l~~e ~!;~;t~~~~? ~~n:~~~~c o~-~~~i~~~~~i-~~~ !~ the history or our two Countries. Yours truly, (Sgd.) Wm C Silliman WCS: as President Compliments of: Do·p~rtm~nt of Publl~ Wr~ko an•l Communi~ation BUIH:,\U OF l'O~TS Mnnila SWORN STATEMENT {l<~(luirnl by A~t ~~~0) The under>iJ<n~l MAJOI! CONSTAt.Tt: MA. ('ll.U7. editor of th~ 1\H,\1\1 ,\NJ) RED IJubli•h•·d bi-monthly in t;n.,!i•h at lleadquarten. l'hiliJ)I>in t• ('oMt,.J,ulary nfH·r havin~t l><'<n dui)' s"·orn in a<:CoJ·dann· "•lth law, h~e<·h)· •ubmit>! the fol1owi111< ~taterncnt of owne"'"'''· malla)<<mtnC drru.ation. t·le., w hirh is r~(luir.'<l by Ad ~~80, as amended by Commonwealth Aet No. 201: Name Address !'~litm · .1/oj. Co""/""'~ ?>Ia. Cr~:, T l 1:1 EO. IIPC, Camp CrRmc. Quewa City llu_~. M~tr. 1:1 Art nir~l<>r: CoJ!I, Jou S . f.wna, P CCSP. II PC. Camp ~~~r:~~'';~;~~~L7:~~:~;~~;:~~:n:,,, ~;~~o~~;~~I.~~~~~J~!:. City c .. , ....... nn ('it:v Offke nf l'ublkation: lldqtr•. I'C, Carn1> Cnme, Queu~n City 011., 11~.,,~~~::'"::•~~01~ 0~"'1~';;' 1~[ 111 "11,;~~::':'~~io0~;..,:~0('\cholde .. ownin~r Not Appllrnble Ho nd holdcr•. morl~t:nif<'•. or oth~r 'Ct'urity holden owntng o ne J'H'rcu.t or mor~ of total mnount of I<~Urity. -' Not ApJ>Iicablc I n r!Uic of dnily publi<ntion. averag., number of eopi<'S print<'<! ~;~~:dr~ulnt<~l in ~aeh io.u~ dunn~~: the pre<:.'<ling month of Septernb.<r 1. s~nt to pni<l sub•rribe•• ..... , , , • .• 4\1 ~. S.,nt to otht·rs th nn paid $Ubs<:ribc.. 223•1 Tot II 1 2283 <Sgd.) CONSTANTh MA. CRUZ Editor V Geo.~ral Manager SURSC!llBE I) AND SWORN to belore !! t'f:i.E2~·th1~~~ ot Mnrch 1~63 at Camp Crame, Quc~on City, the nffo llnt ~x1ubiti n11: ho• r~••d- ~ ence Certifieate No, A- 11-12016 i•sued 111 Qunon Ctty 6 J'ebruar)' 1%3. t~gd.) W ILLI,\M CHAVEZ CIIIJt&ln, I NF (i•{:J 1\ dm. 0, T l 1:1 i':U, I!PC NOTE: Thi• form is exempt from the pnymcnt o f doeumcntar)' ~(~1~:;~~iu;QUJI!ES TIIAT T illS SWORN STATEMENT Bl> l-' ILEil WITH 'rilE llU!{EAU o~· E'Ol;'l'S O N AI'IUL I ,u, O OCT OUJ::R I OF ~-ACII Y EAH. Alpha Mutual Life Insurance Co. ! I Alpha Insurance &: Surety Co., Inc. Tiaoqui Bldg. Plaza Sta. Cruz Manila (Connect in· I I ' CODJE OJF CONDUCT ARMED FORCES OF THE PHILIPPINES 1. n EDI CATE YOUR SERVICE TO GOO AND COUNTRY. Be inspired to render taithful and selfless service secured in the belief that with Him the righteousness of t:-~ count ry's ca use can be sustained. II . _l_, CKNOWLEDGE THE S UPREMACY OF CIVIL AUTHORITY. Imbue yourself with the time-honored tradition that in a true democracy civil authority prevails over the military. III. lYE WJTH HONOR. Exercise your right of citizenship and discharge your burden of government wit h honesty. integrity, and fidelity. IV. 1!~ NOW YOUR PROFESSlON. Seek self-improvement as there is no substitute for competence. V . D 0 RIGHT BY YOUR DUTY. Mecsurc up to its requirements which bind you to your official oath and which give substance and meaning to your uniform. VI . 1( EAD. Set by precept and example the standard of correct deci."'ive action. Have the readiness to accept the responsibilities of leadership. VII . ill E STRONG IN THE FACE OF CONFLICT; HAVE THE COURAGE OF YOUR CON-~ VI CTIONS. Let this exacting demand steel you in the traditional stand of the Filipino soldier even when faced with overwhelming odds. \ VIII. ~ TAND FIRM AS AN EXPONENT OF DISCIPLINE. Endeavor to attain its highest state and instill it among your comrades-in-arms. IX . 1\ ENDER JUSTICE TO EVERY MAN. Be quick to praise and reward; be equally swifJ to censure and punish; but seek to understand the nature of human actiOns. X . 1 RACTICE TEMPERANCE. Conduct yourself with modesty and frugality, and observe moderation in your every act and desire. XI. JJ OSTER MUTUAL TRUST AND CONFIDENCE AMONG ONE ANOTHER. Remember that the objective can be achieved only through unity and fraternity of spirit an4 action. iH EAR IN MIND AT ALL TIMES THAT· YOU ARE A FILIPINO. Do not betray Y0\11 nmtry's trust. I Prinl..d by' RICSONS PllSS U9 lOili Ave •• G. Park, Calo~•n Cib' ©Hire of lite :jflrcsi~rnl nf tl1e lJl]ilippincs I take pleasure in c.xtcnding my gratings to the officers and wlistcd men of the P!tilippiuc Constabulary 011 the occasion of its 62nd anniversary. As it reaches its 62nd year of existence, the PC cau look back with pride at its accomplishments. During the last six decades, it has proven itself a reUable factor in promoting the peace and security of our nation. As Commander-ill-Chief, I take persmral pride in the brillant record of scrvko of its fighting men. On this occasion, I call upon the officers and enlisted men to uphold the noble traditions of the Philippine Coustabulary in order that they will be able to bequeath to those who arc to come after them the. same zmtorrzished re-cord of soldiery left beltiud by their predecessors. I also commend them for their achie-vemc1zts and look to the future wit!t lzciglttoml confidence in tlzcir ability to preserve peace in our land a11d to promote the progress of our people. JULY-AUGUST, 1963 ¥age .5