Khaki and Red

Media

Part of Khaki and Red

Title
Khaki and Red
Issue Date
July - August 1963
Identifier
Official Organ of the Philippine Constabulary
Year
1963
Language
English
Rights
In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted
extracted text
®Hire of !11c lflrcsibrnt of tljc 19!)ilippincs I take pleasure in e-xtending my greetings to the officers and wlisted mc~t of the Philippine Constabulary on the occasiou of its 62nd anniversary. As it reaches its 62nd year of existence, the PC can look back with pride at its accomplishments. During the last six docadcs, it has proven itself a reliable factor in promoting the peace and security of our nation. As Commander·hl-Chiej, 1 take personal pride in the brillant record of service. of its fighting men. On this occasion, I call upon the officers and enlisted mm to uphold the noble traditions of the Philippine Coustabulary bt order that they will be able to bequeath to those who arc to come after them the- same untor· nished rc.cord of soldiery left behind by their predecessors. I also commend them for their achie-vements and look to the future with ltcightoicd confidence in their ability to preserve peace in our land and to promote the progress of ou.r people. JULY-AUGUST, 1963 Page 6 _j OFFICE OF THE VICE PRESIDENT of the Philippines Malacai'iang MESSAGE August 8, 1963 Congratulations to the officers ami me11 of the Philippine Constabulary as they mark the 62,Jd anniversary of the organizatio11 on August 8, 1963. Since its creation as a national police force, tho rank and file of the Philippine Constabulary have racked up an enviable record 'n/ valor and heroism ht the field and contributed substantially to the effective maintenance of law and order throughout the country. I am confident that the present members of the force will prove equal to the challenges that await them ht the future and will live up to the high standards and lofty tradiUons establishment by their predecessors. "llfabuhay" and more power to the Philippine Constabulary! KHAKI II RED Republic of the Philippines DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL DEFE:-:SE Office of the Secretary Camp Murphy, Quezon City MESSAGE To the officers, enlisted men attd civilian personnel of the Philippine Constabulary, I whole-heartedly convey my greetings on litis the sixty-seco11d anniversary of your organizatiott. The- man in "Khaki an& Red" is presently entrusted with a mOJ'e responsible role in the national effort for socio-economic advancement of oui people. He personifies the courage of the people to ()T'adicate the malignant forces that deter the creation of an atmosphere conducive- to the pursuit of privaJe and public productive enterprises. He exemplifies the constitutional and governmental prerogative to grant justice to anybody; the use of fora against those who would place themselves above the law and our national virtues; and against those who seek the decay of our democratic way of life. His vast powers, must therefore, be used discreotly and judiciously in the accomplishment of his avowed mission. This, he must do to add more lustre to the constllbulary's history of service. My congratulations again and best ,,,;skrs to -:o:c ai. JULY-AUGUST, 1963 Yv\ <J ll.AAtt ... CL MAC ARlO PERALTA, Jfl./ 'I Secretary Republic of the Philippines Department of ~ational Defense Office of the Secretary Camp Murphy, Quezon City MESSAGE In its sixty-hvo years of continued and meritorious service, the Philippine Constabulary has indeed created an image of a worthy arm of the government tltat constantly endeavors to stimulate national progress through vigilanco and courage in the preservation of peace and, order. From a skeleton force, sixty-two years ago, the Constabulary today has tra1Jsformed itself into a mobile, flexible and systematically-trained crimebusting organization. Its tradition marked with heroism in various times and places in our history, is complimented today by the. growing awareness among its members that theirs is the great responsibility of guarding the countrysides from all forms of criminalities and at the same time guarantee justice for evuybody, I call, therefore, 011 the military and civiliau personnel to uphold this'· responsibility ·well because only by doing such ca11 the people pursue their productive endeavors, unmolested and jrc.e. Such is the guarantee for progress. Best wishes to you all. Undersecretary KHAKI & RF.D MESSAGE On the 621/d anniversary of the Philippine Constabulary, 1 salute the officers and men for another fruitful year of loyal and dedicated service to uur country and people. At this stage of our political and economic development, the reigu of peace and order plays a crucial role as it makes possible. a setting for the jree interplay of factors conducive to progress. This is fumlamental, a11d of which the Philippine Constabulary, as the uational law-enforcing arm of the govenww:t, is primarily responsible. In this particular task, the officers and men of this famed outfit, together with the civilian compoucut elements, have acquitted themselvu creditably and well. The recent events, which now form part of our contemporary hist01·y, attest to the indispensability of the Constabulary. In the face. of the pre· sent-day not too dependable local police forces, the Constabulary has assumed the over-all responsibility in the maintenance- of peace and the rule of law. Thus, oftentimes than nut, it has been called upon to the rescue of citizens in distress and the succor of victims of criminality. it has used its manpower and re-sources iu the performance of a thousand mzd one important missions all directed towards the stability of our nationhood. For all these worthy achievements, a grateful Filipino people, certainly, take pride in congratulating the Constabulary on another year of its existe-nce. As the khaki and red marks another year of public service, I wish to renew my faith and confidence in the unswerving loyalty and selfless devotion to duty of the. Officers and Men who made possible the colorful histtJry of the Constabulary. I ask them, once again, to rededicate themselvru to the public duty they have swonz to discharge alwa;-s keeping in mind that there is 110 greate-r glory than to be of service to one's God, Country and People. Keep up the good work JULY-AUGUST, 1963 ~~ General, AFP Chief ::>f Staff Pa~e 9 Page 10 MESSAGE 8 August 1963 It is with great pleasure that I extend sincerest felicitations to the 0/4 jicers, Enlisted M en, and Civilian Employevs of the Philippine Constabulary as they celebrate the 62nd anniversary of the founding of their organization. Another milestone of dedicated and loyal service to our country and people has been added to the colorful history of the. Khaki and Red. In its sixty-two years of service, the Constabulary has set an enviable record of valor and heroism. As the 110tional law-mforcing agency, 1t has constantly endeavored to promote national progress by providing the correct climate conducive to the productive growth and development in the social, political am/ economic fields. The Constabulary mirrors the courage and aspirations of our people in their struggle for a better 1vay of life in peace- and abwzdance. May our people continue to give it their support so that the Cmzstobulory can continue to perform its manifold dutie-s as protector of our rights and guardian of tlte peace. ~. /k· (p1o'iw J.MOLINA Major Gene r al, AFP Vi c e Chief o f S t a f f KHAKI" RED MESSAGE I congratulate the Officers, M en ami Civilian Employees of the Philippine Constabulary on the occasiml of the 62nd an11iversary of the founding of their organization. The Constabulary, as the natUmallaw-euforcing agency of the government, assumes a crucial role in sewrbtg the stability of our 1ialionhood. In the pursuance of its dutie-s, this out fit does not only maintain peace and order, but it also provides an atmosphere conducive to productive tmdertakings, thus promoting the economic growth of our country. Like any other member of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, I share the pride with all constabularymen in the observa11ce of another fruitful year of meritQfious accomplishments. May our good people. continue to give the necessary support and cooperation to all constables so that they shall be able to functhm more effectively and well. No assigned task can be difficult to accomplish with the people sharing in the toil. Congratulations, again, and carry on the good work. JULY-AUGUST, 1963 Page lJ Page 12 "DEDICATION TO DUTY IMBUED WITH MORAL REGENERATION IS OUR YARDSTICK OF SERVICE." Gen GARCIA MESSAGE To tlte officers, enlistea men and civilian employees of the Phil;ppine Constabulary: Through tho pages of the "Khaki and Red" 1 greet the members of the Command on the occasion of the 62nd anniversary of its founding. From an h~sular police force organized to mec·t the threats to peace and order, it has grown in stature into what it is now -a major service of the Armed Forws of the Philippines . .Jt is writing a noble chapter that could be well entitled the Constabulary Profession of Arms, in the social, economic and military history of our country. I am pleased to 1Wie that we have 1101 faltued in the face of the varied tasks we are now asked to perform. 1 ask every member of the Command to look back for guidance and inspiration to the traditions that bind the red to the khaki in~o a uniform that is not wanting in sagas of courage. We cannot aU write chapters in that record, but we can all se-e to it that the record is kept clean. Good luck, a11d may God bless us all! DOMINADOR F l$ARCIA Brigadier General, AFP Chief of Constabulary KHAKI & RED The Early Philippine Constabulary These researc'hes were made possible through the courtesy of 1\lr. kamon Estrada of Quezon City, based on his colledions, one o0f which is THE STORf OF THE PHILIPI,INI!. CONSTAUULARY written by Lt Col JTa rold Hanc Elarth, a retired PC Major. 'nle e\·oluHon of the PC uniform is said to be closely associated with the hi.,tQry of the force. In the early decade, the unif<lrm of the Constables was patt.erned arter that of the U.S, Army. The non-Christian soldlers were, however. ·allowed to retain their typical uniforms, like the "fez" of the Muslim Constabulary men. The symbolic "red" was added to t.he khaki when the Corps was "l<llipinized." Mission and Accomplishments - General The mission of the Constabulary, briefly stated, was to establish and maintain stable government in the three thousand islands known as the Philippine Archipelago. In his book, The Philippines, Past and Present, former Commissioner Dean C. Worcester states, "It (The Constabulary) has established and is maintaining a condition of law and order never betore equalled or approached in the history of the islands." Although the mission and its successful accomplishment may thus be stated in n few words, the records disclose that it was a long, hard and bloody task. How this mission was carried out - the detailed account of some of the thousands of stirring events in which this famous Corps participated between 1901 and 1936 - is "THE STORY OF THE PHILIPPINE CONSTABULARY." In the telling of this story which former Governor-General W. Cameron Forbes in his book, The Philippine Islands, characterized as "one of heroism, endurance, and loyalty to ideals under great difficulties," the names of the officers participating in these events will be mentioned; for it was the privilege of the writers to have a part in some of the incidents described and, more important, to be personally acquainted with many of those names appear in this account. Few of the military operations described herein may correctly be called "battles," but where the odds invariably were with the enemy, even brief engagements often were very sanguinary. Casualties among the American ofJULY-AUGUST, 1963 ficers by the time the World War I called most of them to the Army of the United States in 1917 totalled 19 killed and 30 wounded in action; and 37 died from other causes largely due to the hazardous nature of this service. But great as were these casualties, loss from other causes was far greater. Attrition by reason of loss of health or morale was tremendous; infact, while the rosters show an average strength of 225 American officers, in the first sixteen years a total of 997 Americans held commissions in the Corps - a 400% turnover. The story of the fighting phase of the Constabulary activities is a veritable chronicle of death - death from rifle, bolo, spear; from ~~~~;d· ~r~~:rr aac~~u~~~wy~n~ho~ud:~s li!f jungle warfare. But it is noteworthy that there is no record of any slaughter of the enem} by an ovenvhelming force of Constabulary. Always the ratio was in reverse, and the tradition' "TO BE OUTNUMBERED, ALWAYS; TO BE OUTFOUGHT, NEVER" was born in the earliest days of its existence. Moreover, it is highly significant that in its entire history, during which it fought hundreds of engagements, no unit of the Philippine Constabulary ever surrendered to the enemy. Tulisanes on Luzon, Pulajans in the Visayas, and Moros in Mindanao matched their fanatical bravery against the gallantry of the khaki-clad soldiers, and at the end of the first decade of such fighting the score stood: Constabulary dead - 50 officers and 1160 men; Enemy dead - 4862, captured 11,979. In this jungle-wrapped country, habitat of the Malay, military maneuver in combat rarely w<J.s feasible. The constabulary "gave birth" titerally to the aborning · Philippine Army when Commonwealfh President Quezon (seated in photo) signed in 1936 the Natiooal Defense Ad. The PA today 1till looks up to the PC .as its pro· genitor, l's.ge 13 Brief Sketches Of Some PC Old Hands J Brig Gen HENRY T. ALLEN, First Chief of Constabulary Major General Henry T. Allen was born in Kentucky in 1859. He was a graduate of the United States Military Academy (class 1882). When the Philippines passed the Organic Act or the Jones Law on July 18, 1901 (the law which created the Philippine Constabulary) he organized and was appointed on July 31, 1901 as first chief of the PC with the temporary rank of Brigadier General. He was then ~ Cap~ tain assigned in the U.S. 6th Cavalry. On January 31, 1903, after serving as Chief PC for one year, his promotion was confirmed by Governor General William H. Taft, with the approval of the Secretary of War. General Allen was relieved from active duty with the Philippine Constabulary in 1907. He was then promoted to Major General in 1917, United States Regular Army. He served as Commander of the American Forces in Germany from 1919 to 1920. General Allen holds the rank of Major General when he retired from active military duty (USA) in 1923. He was decorated by the United States government the Distinguished Service Medal; Indian Wars Medal; Philippine Insurrection Campaigns Medal; Mexican Border Medals and Army of Occupation Medal; Spanish-American Campaign Medal; Philippine Congresional Medal (World War I). From the Philippine government, he rePage 14 ceived the Luzon Campaigns Medal and the Visayan Campaigns Medal. Major General Henry T. Allen died on August 30, 1930 at Charmain, Philadelphia. MAJOR GENERAL HARRY H. BANDHOLTZ General Bandholtz was born in Michigan, USA, in 1864. He was a graduate of the United States Military Academy in 1890. He was first appointed colonel in the Philippine Constabulary on 9 April 1903, and became the Chief of the Constabulary with the rank of major general in 1907. On 1 September 1913 he was relieved as chief of the PC. The American general was appointed major general of the United States Army in 1923 and relired from the US military service in the same year. He was in charge of the campaigns in Albay and Sorsogon in 1903 against Ola and Toledo, and obtained the surrender of leading outlaw chiefs in 1906. General Bandholtz died on 7 May 1925. He was a holder of the Spanish..American campaign medal, US Congressional medal for military services in the Philippines, (Philippine Insurrection) campaigns medal, Mexican Border Medals, Victory medal for World War I, and the Distinguished Service Medal. LIEUTENANT GENERAL JAMES G. HARBORD General Harbord was born in Illinois in 1866. He was a graduate of Kansas State Agricultural College in 1886. He was first appointed colonel in the PC in 1903 until his relief in 1913. General Harbord was the first chief of Mindanao and Sulu, acting chief of the PC in 1913, first chief of staff of the American Expeditionary Forces in Europe in 1917, later became commanding general of the Second Division of the United States Army. He took part in all major offensives in the European campaigns. He was deputy Chief of Staff of the US Army from 1921·1922 and retired from active military service later in 1922. He held the rank of Lieutenant General when he retired. General Harbord became president ai)d :~~~~nC~fir~~~r~~.th~eB~:~~ ~£ !~~lda~;t'~; vice president at the 1920 Republican Party Convention, but he stepped aside in favor of candidate Dawes. General Harbord is a medal holder for services in the Indian Wars, Spanish-American .campaigns, Cuban occupation, Congr~ssional Medal for Philippine campaigns, Philippme (Insurrection) campaigns, Mexican border medals, World War I Victory Medal, Distinguished SerKHAKI & RED \'ice Medal, Distinguished Service Medal (Navy) and Luzon, Mindanao and Sulu campaigns medals. He died on 20 August 1947. I BRIGADIER GENERAL RAFAEL CRAME Brigadier General Crame was born in Rizal province in 1863. He was a graduate of the Special Infantry School in 1881, became third lieutenant in 1902. In 1903, he was promoted to second lieutenant and first lieutenant Captain 1905, Major in 1906, Lieutenant Colonel in . 1907, full-fledged Colonel in 1914 and Brigadier General on December 17, 1917. Jn the same vear he was appointed Chief of the Constnbulary, the first Filipino to hold the stewardship of the PC. General Crame was awarded the Medal for Valor in 1921. During the Spanish times he served in the Spanish Anny as a volunt~<:~r Drivate, then to Jirst lieutenant in 1881 until 1898. General Crame was awarded two Spanish medals. He died on I January 1921. / -~-~/··~ Copy of a leiter from the collections of Japanese-executed, pre-war faloulous Tenyente Francisco Canuto ng Konstabularia, showing that the PC w"ds once under the Uepa.rtment of the Interior and Labor. ( Major General Paulino B. Santos is a grad~ate ol t~e PC Academy (class 1914); third ' lieutenant m the constabulary in the same year .!.econd lieutenant in 1915 and two years later' was promoted to first lieutenant. He became JULY-AUGUST, 1963 a captain in 1918, major in 1923; lieutenant colonel, 1930, and retired fmm active military service in the same year. He returned to active military service as chief of staff of the newly organized Philippine Army in 1936, with the rank of a major general. Two years after, he retired again from active service. General Santos saw military actions in Bulacan in 1914, in Lanao from 1915 to 1919, Sulu in 1919-1924. From 1924 to 1930, he was adjutant general of the Philippine Constabulary and Philippine Army Chief of Staff from 1936 to 1938. The general participated actively in the many military campaigns in morolandia; and was awarded the medal for valor and the wounded soldier's medal for gallantry in action in the battle of Bayang Cotta, Lanao, in 1923. In 1920, he became the provincial governor of Lanao and served the term until 1924. General Santos first joined the PC in 1909 and was a Constabulary officer until 1912. He was the director of the Bureau of Prisons from 1930-1936, manager-director of the Government's settlement project in Koronadal, Cotabato, from 1938-1942. The Japanese army held him as a prisoner of war !rom 1942 to 1945. De.nth claimed his life \\}hile in Japanese hands on 29 August 1945 near Tumanang, Mountain Province, a few days before Japanese General Masuoka's forces / ollapsed. He was born in Tarlac province in 1890. MAJOR GENERAL BASILIO J. VALDEZ General Valdez was born in Manila in 1892. He was a graduate of the University of Santo Tomas, Manila, with a degree of Doctor of Medicine in 1916. He entered the military service as a military doctor in 1921, rising to Captain the following year, Major in 1925, lieutenant Colonel and chief surgeon of the constabulci.ry in 1926.- He became Chief of the Constabulary in 1934 with the rank of Brigadier General. In 1936 General Valdez was promoted to major ~eneral assigned as deputy chief of f~a\f9~g_" t~: b~~~~e01~~i~~zeif ~~~~t~'t~h:r;,r in 1939. He was the chief of staff of the Philippine Army under the exile Philippine Commonwealth Govcmment in the United States throughout the war. He was relieved from the position in 1945 when the American forces returned the Commonwealth Government in Manila. He retired from active military service in 1946. General Valdez is the holder of the following awards: Silver Star for gallantry in action on Bataan, and seven French Medals including Legion of Honor. He is an awardee of World War J and World War II Victory Medals, Defense Medal, Asiatic-Pacific Campaigns Medal (World War II), Philippine Liberation medal, Long Service Medal and Luzon Campaign awards. Page 15 Threadbare s uits and personal eHects of the indomitable Tenyente Canuto rc!rie1'ed from his "Kingdom domain" in Mainit, Surigao del Norte, by the Troop Information & Edut:aUon Office, HPC, the prized possession of his follo"-ers 1\-ho b<'lieve in 'him up to the present 'as the 1ymbol of unwa,"ering eonvidion and bravery even as the Nipponese bladed "Katana" lopped off his head one July dayin19.f.2. MAJOR GENERAL GUILLERMO B. FRANCISCO Maj. Gen. Guillermo B. Francisco was born in Manila in 1885. He was a graduate of Liceo de Manila in 1907 and Constabuary Academy (class 1914). He was commissioned third lieutenant in the same year; second lieutenant in 1911; first lieutenant in 1913; Captain in 1917; Major in 1922; Lt. Colonel in 1924; full-fledged Colonel in 1927. In 1936, he was promoted to Brigadier General and in 1941 was promoted to MajorGeneral. He held the same rank when he retired from active military service in 1949. His assignments include: Luzon from t 908 to 1927; District Commander of Visayas from 1927 to 1936. Chief of Constabulary from 1938 to 1941. Commanding General 2nd Division on Bataan; until he was captured by the Japanese and became a prisoner of war in 1942. He served as technical adviser to President Quirino from 1946 to 1949. BRIGADIER GENERAL SIMEON DE JESUS Brigadier General Simeon de Jesus was born in Pampanga in 1894. He graduated from the Constabulary Academy in 1916. He was commissioned third lieutenant when he enlisted in the Philipine Constabulary in 1916. After a year of service, he was proPace 16 moted to second lieutenant; first lieutenant in 1918; Captain in 1922; Major in 1935; Lt. Colonel in 1937; full-fledged colonel in 1941; Brigadier General in 1941. He served in Luzon, Cebu and Negros. He was instructor in the Philippine Constabulary Academy in 1924. In 1942, he was captured by the Japanese and became a prisoner of war. He was incharge of the Military Intelligence Guerrilla forces in 1944. In 1945, he was arrested by the Japanese and was executed on 7 January of that year. He was posthumously retired from the Philippine Army as of date of death. SOl\IE PC OLD HANDS . The foregoing biographical sketches we~ picked at random from an old collection. We shall endeavor to nm more of these as a regul'ar section in succeeding iMues. The Editor His boots and other paraphernalia of the ''Brias Rona 1':8colta .. ll'ade mark aiJ&OCiate in like terma the noata.J. gias of the HPC Oriente Building at the Binondo park, the Sunday afternoon PC band ooneert at the Luneta, the provincial inapectora and the omnipreeent bolt-adiob Springrield Ritle Model 1903. KHAKI&. RED t:•W~ in his virile years the Old Soldier failed not to rendezvous with PC old hands and other leaders or the nation. JULY-AUGUST, 1963 Page 17 Page Us 1'10 jl;l.'l-'" lb,f·"·''- \ u .• /n J«>n . )1.,.< ~ 10!'~ \1> l'•"il"''n" ~;ra·•·-ote c\<d<•m)', I"'VVo•t..r Jt'l, t··t~ '"'~*·l<'·l·:,"<! !.•~"'· t·~l>tr 1!, !'-•!•• l'•••·+!oJ ~"><1. 1;..~•- SM·~mt-er 7, t:•li l'""''•h·•llo<l lMu!.J•J•\tary I, I"I'J J'""''"t"l t'aptain, · Ja>•U~•1 \, I~·~; 1>-•h•oiM~JM,JU)). IU, jt1S7 l:(;MII•I() \JJVIH )bj~·-, I' A JR<JJ~I) Lt<iS :> li>\f:O; M•i•>l'. t· A ,,.!q r""'""'""ltt.l!lfl'.!l"(''\., Gr11dlt&te, -~"'.....,.· ,........,.,...., Jfl. 1~1•1 A!'V'otntala.d. I,INt. ~"'llo' II, I~<J•· l'T<>hiiM<'<\ Jn<l, L14!111t, """;·•~"'""• ;::., 1!•10 !=:: ~~,,;~,\~!7~~-~ 1 1 i •;;~ r-.-.-t..t Jrhj ,Jul.r lt. '·''··l Atrr.n> r.. 1".\W('f:TT ,·,.t·•~:.rt. r· ..... ilo'i~ill », • ..., At•tilfl. IR:)f In t.'h'~ , ~;nd""'*' A .... ..,.y, •Ia) l;.!. 19!; :.::~"t tt!:,' ~~~ ':i.''l~.'>l h~..:.tM.ot.Ja ..... tl'l'-1"~~ h<Wll<>ft.J tar\.aifl, Jwly H:ltc7 '1'"~"-"" r ""'·' .. -,-.,.u.in. p_ ;., (l,cflt n- .. li~ telti'•"'"'"~ ~:~7::t -~-~:~~":::! ~~:,,, :::f:::: ·j:·:' ,t;~,t. ;!::"f)' ~;!.'i!. f"+-~Jt'aplal•, J•lr ~7, IM"' G"*'!o"u.-, ,<"uri>H• "'..,.\fOI!I St~""'·· ('.....,9 t'la:~.ti<t. Hiographical data of so-me o! our men, culled in a nutshell. ---- --~ KHAKI & RED ~ .I K!J.Kl \1\i• R~ll • PRordo/rt ltoflUUtft ~J\ A. I'J"W!'Q<ttf'l(r t;~..!li4llk, :::::~2nd.' 1,1.->.t. "'"'"""' if. t!t!."' l:~ud tat. Llwt. ¥•v z.t. 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Llor\lt. f'•i>ntut 3'i. l"'W h<>-.tW :,e!-4. ~~- J•r.<ifl,fy ;t!. '9; .I'~ }tit. l_u..,t_ f~o~mbtor ~ , ~ h"'"'"''"' f'apl'"-ro J\111' :; ' Rim~.\R!•I..;, I J . .\IH•t:l fl \ ~--- .. 1'.\ OfUffit•l 1'(-JI;I'\~ <">( ll <"t \•! (,.,.tho> v"';'*'4''' .r·k ~;,.,,fu,.tv, "''' "''· ~,.:. -lllo ... }., Happy days lor th" Jal'delu:a, the Tor~1lba, !he Kangleon, et al, in their post's or the lapsed thirties, IUI.l!·AUGUST, 1963 Page 19 ( If r <-f he Snobbtshness The Learned o\' T SlAI\[ " . ' ' A page of a 193i copy of the "Khaki & ned" magazine reminds or intim:tto names of old PC personnel who have Page 20 r. - J been reentilrd into the toddling y{'ar-old Philippine Army KHAKI" RED Durable "Khaki & Red" maguine '1'ealher1 the vici118ilude1 of time. IULY·AIJGUST, 1963 Page 21 Pet·sonneJ of TROOP 1:'\' FOIUIATION & EDLTATION 0 FFICJ:o:, publishet· of '' 1\IIAKI & RED'' Ma~azine. Standing, left to right: S/Sgt F. l\Tignel, Chief Clerk; )fr. Joe ltalili, Managing Editor; c,,J E. Alonzo, Dri~·er; Mr. Conde llbaldo, Advertising )l~tnag-er: ) lr. D. De\·ela, )f2ssage Ctnler Clerk: )Jr. Carlos F'. Orevillo, Writer-Researcher aud editorial assistant; )]1·, V. Cruz, )lessenger and Coffee ill;:nager; )1/Sgt L. -'lallari, Editorial Asst.; ;'Jir. J. Eusebio J!'., Starr Artist; and Sg-1 P. Gre,Rorio, Fiscal & SupJll y Clerk. Silting, same order: ;'!!iss T. Salcedo, Typist; C".tpt Willie Chavez, Ex-0 and As-s!, Chief; ) laj Conslante Ma Cruz, t:hief, and Editor and General .'lanagl.'r, and )!iss E. Cruz, 'I'}'J1ist. Officers And -'len Of The l'C Special :\li.':lsion GnHIIl 1st row, left lo righl: Sgt. E. Fernandez, S/Sgl R. Roldan, Sgt J. Cabul'ian, T /S!l,t L. Flores, Sgt ,\. )farcelo, Sgt ~~t iltn~_n)·l~~~;;tc~~t~'[_a~-\2d~~ro:~· ~:s~~t f.· a~e~~~~~~; Capt F Sarmiento, 1st Lt B. Diego. 3rd row: S/Sgt D. 1\lalabuet, S/Sgt J. Cruz, AJ.:t. S. Santos, S/Sgt ill. Caluza, Sgt E. Talucod, T/Sgl L. Uosales, T/Sgt T.Cpl 0 Barba, AJdugub, i\1/Sgt E. del Rio, T /Sgt F. Lubrin, Sgt B. Johnson, T/Sgt J. Garcia, )1/Sgt H. Es11aldon, SjSgt A, ~luJdnnte, ~nd Sgt R. Znpata, Page 22 Letter to the Editor Office of the President of che Phili[lpines Pre:;idential Committee on Administration Perform-ance Efficiency l\Ialacafiong, l\lanilu June 13,1963 Major Constante Ma. Cruz Chief, Troop Information & Education Office 1-feadquarters Philippine Constabulary Camp Crame, Que:t.on City )ear Major Cruz: I would like to thank you for your help in publicizing our \\'Ol'k on the Legal Primer in the 'Khaki and Red", the official publication of the Constabulary, as well as for your thoughtfulness in Jending me a copy of the magazine. We now .have started distributing copies -;'Jf the primer to all interested law enforcmg agencies. and 1\'e are confident that the result of the w;:,rk to which you contributed so much will be felt soon 111 terms of greater efficiency in prosecuting smugglers. 'Varm regards, and best wishes. Sincerely }'Jurs, (Sgd.) Eleuterio Adevoso Presidential Executive Assistant KHAKI & RED bang araw ng Pebrero noong 1901, p'!.gkaraan ng kulang-kulang na isang buwang paglalakad sa mga kabundukan at bangin sa pagitan ng Jsabela. at Nuweba Esiha, isang pangkat ng ruga manghihimagsik na nagbuhat sa Palanan at may dulang sulat ng Pangulong Emilio Aguinaldo nng sumapit sa nayon sn San Juan, Pantabangan, Nuweba Esiha. Ang nayong ito ay may Jayong 70 kilometro buhat sa San Isidro, na noo'y kabisera pa ng Nuweba Esiha. Nan~ sila'y makilala ni Konsehal Guillermo Huerta, ito'y dah-daling sumugod sa munisipyo at nagbalita sa punong-bayan ng Pantabangan, si Francisco Villujunn, na ang mga nagsidating av sandatahan. Hapung-hapo ang Tnga kawal na dumating. Kung . makailan silang sumahl sa oras at akala nila'y hindi nn sila makasasapit sa Pantabangan. Sa isang ilang, na kun~ tawagin ay Tuntunin, may ilang milyang lnyo sa J]aler, ay nasagupa sila ng mga sundalong Amerikano at sa kanilang pngurong nt pag-iwas ny natiwalag si Cedlio Segismundo at ilan pang kasnmahan. Ang ruga nalabi sa ka11ila, fla humarap sa punong-bayan, ay sina Ambronio Sanz, Pt>dro de O<"nmp.:>, Ciriaeo Reyes, Julian Baltazal', Pedro Marcelo, Alvaro Mariano at Angel Iniwan. Nang ipangako sa kunila ni Villajl:an na sila'y hindi maaano, magsiharnp tumang kay Ten. James Da\'is Tay::n,n~al~d~Jin~g i~n~~;~~:~nPed.~oka;~nd~~~=o Paa;;a~:~= yang barit. Nang sumunod na araw, si Ceeilio Segismundo, kasama nina Pedro de Ocampo at Candido Uraga, ay ku~nng humarnp kay Ten. Taylor at ang maha..IJalag:ang paketcng ukol sa mga pinuno ng himagsikan ay ipinagkaloob sa puoong Amcl'ikano. Isang sobreng ukol kay Hen. Urbano Laeuna ang binuksan ni Ten. Taylor. I ABOUT THE AUTHOR The author waJJ born in 1886 iu San Isidro, Nue,•a Ecija, ~ton of Atanacio Ahad 1md Ooiia 11e•·mogenl!. Kabigting Yuson. At the age of 21 year~, he was ~111 a>!~istanl bookkeeper in the IJureau of Public Works. From 1909 to 1915 hl' continnoul!!V wrote i·n the \'Crlli\Cular newspa. per during the time, :'!luling Pag-silang, about the necessity of organizing a nalional bank, which cru!<ade final\~ resulted in the acalion uf the PhiliiiJJine ~alio11al Bani., He was awarded on J une 19, 1961 The Pro-Rizal Patria 1\ward b)' Presi!\('nt Garcia "in reeoj!:nitiOJl of his distinguished contribution to the IJromotion and advance men! of our national 11rog-ress and the stimulation and encouragement of lo,·e of country ... and also for being Clhe one and only oclleclor of historical docunu•nts on Spanish·Filipino-Amerk\l.n r~>llltion. Jlr . ..\had is 11. member of the PhiliP!linl' ~ational llist.ori~a l Soeiety, He i!l the author of the following- books in Tagalog: General Luna's Death, The Supremo Arldres Bonifaeio, The Capture or General Aguinaldo, The Biography of :llarc:elo H. Del Pilar, History of Nul'''a J.:Cij\1, History of thl' Revolution in ~ue,·a Ecija, Biograph,· of Dr. Jose P. niu.l. In English he wrote the following- books: Gel\eral Sakay, Bandit or Patriot:', Dictionary in 1-~iliJlino 'fa~alo~: (year 1920), Dictionary in English-Tagalog (50,000 words), ~\mNie'.tn- i-'ilipino War (1963). lie was the Chief Clerk in the Bureau of Public Work!! at the age of 26: chid accountant for six months in the Philippine Senate, later was promoted to Chief of the Disbursement Division of the Philippine Senate until 'his retirement in 19io2. I Ang Pataksil Na Pagkabihag Kay Aguinaldo Sa Palanan Sinulat ni A~TONIO K. ABAD Sa naturang sulat ay ibinalita ni A~uinaldo kay Laeuna na ang kanilang kuwartel heneral sa Palanan ay matatag at di magagapi nang gayun-gayon Jamang ng lu\usob na kaaway. Ipinaguutos ni A~o,uinaldo na pag· tipun-tlpuning lahat ang mgu manghihimagsik at magsisama na sa Pah1nan, tuloy nag-aanyaya ang heneral sa kanyang kaarawang idaraos noon sa ika-22 ng llhtrso, 1901. Karakang nagpabalita si Ten. Taylor ka~· Hen. f'unslon sa San Isidro ukol sa pagsuko ni Segismundo nt oagkakuha n~ mahahalagang kasulatan. Ipinagutos naman agad ni Funston ang madaliang pagpap:\hatid kay Segismundo sa San Isidro, kaaama ang mahahalngang papeles. Si Cecilio Segismundo ay tubo sa Kailokohan at hindi talaga.ng kawal ng himagsikan. Kaya lamang siya naging manghihimagsik ay dnhil sa knlupitan ng mga boluntaryong llokos at nang maparaan sa Dupa11: ang pangkat ni Komandante Naznrio Alhambra ay minabuti niyao.g IIUI:tlama hanggang sa Palanan. Pinagtiwalaan siya ni Aguinalcko hanggang sa siya'y mahirang na taga-paghatid ng sulat. ANG I'AGTATAPAT Nl SEGISMUNDO lpinagtaput ni Ceeilio Segismundo kay Hen. Fumton ang buong na\alaman niya. Si Henernl Aguinaldo ay nasa Palanan, isang maliit na bayan l!ll lsabela at may lULY·AUGUST, 1963 layong siyam na kilometro buhat sa baybay-dagat. Doo'r may isang pangkat ng mga kawal Tagalog, na pinamumunuan ni Komandnnte A!hamb1·a, at sa paligid ng bundok ay nakata\iba naman nng isang munting pulutong: ng Cuerpo de Seliales 11a pinamumunuan ni Kapitan P:tscual Velasco. Ang t.anging landas mula su. !ibis ng Kagayan patungong Palrman ay natatalibaang mabuti, bukod pa ang ruga kakamping Ba!uga at Tlungot. na nagtatanod. Ang ilang liham na sumabmay ni Hen. Funston ny hindi karakang naiealin &a pagka't nasusulat sa kodigo o hudyat. Sa pamamagitan lnmang ng kastitang si Lazaro Sego\'ia nakuhallg maisalin ang nilalaman ng mga liham. Natalos na ang Pangulo ng Republika ny humihingi ng 400 kawal na pawnng pili at sandatahan upang rna ~~~~g~~'fd,;~e~k~g~i~aJd~8nt~~~~~g ;~aua~~s~~ :~on~ hukbo sa Gitnang Luson sapagka't si Hen. Alejandr~no'y n:my-sakit at hindi Jubos na makaga1mp sa tUllgkuh~. lllnbilis na nag-isip ng paraan si Funston. Ipmasiya niyang mngtipon ng ruga sundalong Pilipino "?magpapanggap na manghihinmgsik at kabig ni AguJnalac. Na.:>n di'v sumulat siya sa ayud11nle henero~J sa Maynila at nagh;had ng kanyang balak. Magsasama siya ng isang pangkat na Makabebe, sasanda~a1y ng ~au!lltl' at Hmington, bibihisang tulad ng manghlhtmagstk, aa(Continul'd on next page) Pctge 23 :13mahan ng apat o Jimang opisyal na Amerikano '!a. pa· Jilitawing bihag, at. gagawa ng paraan upang mahnlang at ruatutop ang mmlap na heneral na PLUplnO. Pagkarnan ng ilang araw, si Funston ay ipin~wag aa lUaymla. At. doo'y nawug mya ung pags.ang-ayo1: nina Hen. Wheaton at l-Ien. Arthur MacArthur (ama m Hen. Uvuglas .tliacJ~I'•hU• 1 :>a l'"''L;yau.; V-'"•J •. al.,.. a. un., utos na pagbibigay sa kanya ng kailangang sasakyangda.gat na magagamit patungong Palanan. Masiglang nagbalik sa San Isidro, Nuweba Esiha s.i i\znat.on. Pagdaka'y ipinatawag niya. sina Hilario T al l'lacJdo, Greg ... rio .... aon.~, uwo,..;Lo l.>IHO, '-'e . .,, . ~eg" mundo at ang Kastilang si La:taro Segovia. Pmulo~g s.ila ni Funston at inanyayahang lumuwas ng Maymla upang dakpm ang 1saug: wong _.,.m.L~;;mnm<ua .. ug n.LaL:u. ng mga manghihimagsik. MGA BILANGGO NG DIGi'!IA SA SAN ISIDRO Ba.gama't ipi~akalilihim-lihim . ng mga pi~unong Amerikano ang bmaba\ak na. pa.gb1hag kay Agumaldo, yaJ y kumala~ ~Ill a~ naKamuug sa wga UU .. l!L0 go 110 digmaang nakaput sa San ls1dru. Nattg matulos tyo_n ng isang bilanggo na ayaw pang manumpa sa banthlang Amerikano, J1him itong sumulat sa Hang dahon ng pape:l-sigarilyo at yao'y 1pinadala sa_ P~lanan sa: ~anyang kapitan na noo'y nasa bayan at hmdi pa nakLkLlala ng mga Liktik ng pamahalaan. Anang liham"Mmama!l:u Mong Pangulo: May mga t1yak akung balitn na ang Koroo~c\ Jlilariv Tal Placido at ang opisyal na si Lazaro Segovta ay nagsiharap sa hukbong Amerikano. at isang alingawngaw na may katotohanan na ang mga nasabmg opisyal ay magsisJt.Wlgo sa inyong kinaroroonan na may kasamang mga kawal. Cri,sanw de Ia Fuente" Si Crisanto de Ia Fuente ay naging komandantc ~g isang pangkat ng hukbong hlipino ni H.::n. Venanc1o Concepc1on at siya'y nabibag sa isang labanang naganap sa pag1ta11 ng t'angasman at Nuwcua Lsllla. Sa pag;J.a\aala myang baka hindi umabot iyon sa Pangulo_ ng Hepublika. muli siyang sumulat sa p1las ng papel-sLga.rilyo: ''horonel Villa: Sang-ayon sa mga tiyak na balita, may mga gayak na paraun upang Ualiyul :11 .... gu..ua ... w ·• mgo.~ ,;_,,,u .. a JUya. 1nyong t.alasan! Crisanto 1ie Ia Fuente" Bukod sa da\awang liham ua "" y "'"Y '"" p.m~; sulat 11a .pma.ha•Hl Sl ue w I' uem.e, subau t 111 ISa Y walang nakasapit sa Palanan dah1l sa ang Uuong kaparangan sa dakong .lulaga ng Nuweba Es1ha ay n.ab.gplt na l>a..auuaan ng mga :.>.IIL"'"'U"O .n. ucun""""·. . Hindi alam ng magkakasamang Tal l'lacLdo, Cadh1t, at llato, ang talagang pakay mla sa pagluwas ng Maynlla. :::.a Kanuahg V"l:>'a'"'""ay uy IJLo.~a•~"""'"'" ., ....... ~ .. ._. mga )(awaL. nausa Sl tal • IUCIUv -'' u ... ug "'""laiJ•• :;u~ sa San i'ernanuo, r-ampanga, ay nag·•:>•p '"'"'"l> ""'""""'sa pag·aaJaaJang :~Lia y 1vawt.apon sa vuwa1n. Pagsapit sa Maynila, sila'y tunuloy sa !Sang ote\ sa lntranh.uu,., na ~"'"''"'\''••g ua "'-'""'"'" l .,J...:H .. nc:; • 1\ llb Kastilang si Segovia ay humiwalay sa kan1la pagdatm~; ng Jum.uu at uao•u.uy :.<1 .,..,,,.,., •·"'"'~~:;-............ Ang nakatatalos ng talagang pakay mla sa paglu· was ay sma :::.eg1:~munuu at. ::.~:~ov1a; sa pagKakaalam naman nma '1'al .1-'Jacitlo, Cat1h1t at bato ay may 1sang pinWlo ng h1mags1kang Lpmadaralop, a ng ta\lo'y n"'~'"b balis~alimit na dumalaw sa otel ang ayudante ni t~uns· ton, ngwn't yaon man ay wala nng bwaoanggJt sa. Kanuang aapat gawm. h.aya Jama ng ~:~.ua uluaualaw ay upang t mgnan ang kamlang ka1agayan at tanungill ng mga iuutangan. At lun.m naglaon - dahil marahil sa pagkaantala. ng mga ka11angang dalhin sa paglalakbay 111 .to unston - Sl· lang magkakasama'y pinauw1 sa San _ 1s1dro, na pa. a ug naglibang o nagbakasyon lamang sa Slyudad. PAGHUWAD SA LAGDA NI LACUNA ! sang katusuhan ni Funston ang kanyang pagpapahuwad sa lagda nl Hen. Urbano Lacuna. Yao'y ipinaPage 24 Even as early as 1937 war (J apanC3C·Ameri(:'all) harl been t'he pri·mary concern of the Arnred Forces. huwad niya kay Roman Roque sa dalawang papel na may tatak na "Brigada Lacuna". Si Roque na may katangian sa pamamaris sa uno mung sulat ay dating puno ng hukbong Pilipino na sumuko kay Funston sa San Isidro. Ang pape\ na may tatak na "Brigada Lacuua" ay nasamsam sa isang k'ampa mentong iniwan ng mga kawal P i!ipin-J pagkatapos ng isang madugong Jabanan noong Oktubre, 1900. Bukod dito'y natagpuan nila ang panatak at ilang sulat na may Jagda ni Hen. Lacuna na ~~~; s:ik':.~aa~n n~i i\~a~~ey s~;~apnef :aa~~;Yh~!~a~ n~ lagda. Nang maihanda nang lahat ang kailang"t~, s· Fun t on ay nagpauna nang lumuwas uli ng Maynila. At ka· tatapos Jamang ng buwan ng Pebrero, 1901, nang tumang·gap ng bit:!aang ut•JS sa himp1lan sa San fsioJro upang pa.luwasin sa !along madaling panahon aina Tal Placido, Tulad ng unang pagluwas, muli silang tumuloy sa Cuatro NaciQncs sa lnt.ramuros. Doo'y agad ailang di· nalaw ni F unsbon na nagbalitang sila'y sasakay as jaang lantsang tutulak sa pampang ng llog Pasig. Gayoil. na lamang ang pagkabalisa at panglaw nina Tal Placido a t Cadhit; akala wl.l'y ipatatapon na s1la sa pulo ng Guwam. Kinabukasan, isang pangkat na Makabebeng walang iaa:t~1:gaJ~:·~~b;;~t_d';;i~;;;:Ja ~·~-~)'\~:. ·p;;d;g;,~~;g \-~~:-~ I n na~h t"'·1lay ~a ·-~~~ .... itnaan ng look at pinamu· munuan ni Kapitnn E. B. Barry. >\NG PAGLALAKRA Y NG VICKSBURG Gabi ng Marso 6, 1901 nang tumulak aa Look ng Maynila ang Vicksburg. Ang kasama sa lakad na yao'y 81 H'll·nh"h"n • h. "" P'li,...'l"" J,"'h:l' sih1'y m:1y mnbu'ing pnng~tngatawan at nnkapagaasalita ng Tagalog. Lima namau ang plnaKHAKI & RED nong Amerikanong kauma: si Hen. Fun~ton, ang mag· kapatid na Kapitan R. T. Hazzard at Ten. Hazzard, Ten. B. J. Mitchel, ayudante ng heneral, at Ka pitan Harry W. Newton. Si Newton ay ipinagsama sapagka't ito'y nakarating nang minsan sa look ng Kasiguran. Ang limang pinunong Amerikano ay palilitawing bihag ng mga kawal Pi\ipino at ang mga. Makabcbe naman ay magpapanggap na manghihimagsik na galing aa Nuweba Eaiha, Sila'y pamumunuan ni Tal Placido, na magkukunwang Tenyente-Koronel ng hukbong Pilipino. Si Tal Placido ay naging komandante at nasugatang ka!IBma ni Hen. Luna sa labanan sa Kalookan; nadakip aiya sa Haen, Nuwe·ua Esiha, na kasama ni Hen. Pa nt<>.. lwn Garcia. Nanumpa siya sa bandilang AmerikanJ at maram1 nang naibigay na impormasyon kay r'unston. Ang makakatulong ni Tal Placido ay si Sego\'la na may ranggo namang kapitan. Si Segovia ay dating sarhento ng pamahalaang Kastila, pagkatapos ay naging tenyente ng mga Pilipino at naging ayudante ni Hen. Mariano Llanern, Sumuko siya kay Funston noong Mayo, 1900 aa San Isidro. Ginawa ring unang tenyente si Cadhit, na siyung pinaku-ayudante ni Tal Placido, at s.ina Segismundo at Bato ay kapwa pangalawang tenyente naman. Ang mga Makabebe'y binigyan ng tig-isang maUI!Ier; ang iba nama'y ng remington at ilang Krag-Jorgensens. Ang marami sa mga baril na remington ay sira at kailangan pang kumpunihin ni Cadhit. Binigyan naman ng tig-isang rebolber ang mga kunwa'y pinuno 1 g pangkat. Binigyan din sila ng mga ka.ukulang damit upang s.ila') mag-anyong pangkat ng manghihimagsik. Nang sila'y nasa laot na at naglalayag ang Vicksburg ay saka pa. lamang ibinunyag ni Funston ang kanilang pakay: ang pagd.akip kay Hen. Emilio Aguinaldo sa Palanan, lsabela. Nang marinig nina Tal Plaeickl at Cadhit ang pahayag ni Funston, sila'y nagulumihanan at nanghilakbot. Hindi nila kailanman inakalang iyon pala ang kanilang pakay. Subali't hindi sila nakapagpahayag ng pagtutoJ nang sabihin ni Funston na ang magtaksil sa Jakad na yaon ay tatanggap ng !along mabigat na pa~·k~!~~tJ!.~~u~:::~:l:!:cla~~ l~:~~~af~t~~ nagawa pa sina Tal Placido kundi suma ng-ayong tutupad aa iniatas na gawain. Habang naglalayag ang Vicksburg ay tinatagubilinang mabuti ang mga Makabebe. Sinuman ang kanilang makausap sa bayang daraanan, ipamamalita nilang sila'y nagbuhat pa sa Nuweba Esiha. - sa pangkat ni Hen. La.::una - na hinihingi ni Aguinaldo. Na isang araw noong Pebrero ay nasukol nila ang ilang Amerikanong gumagawa ng mapa, napatay ang iba at ang Jimang nalabi'y binihag at kasamasama nga sa paglalakbay na patungong Palanan. J,ping-ubJs ni Funston na ang mga Makabcbeng hindi maalam ng Tagalog ay huwag makikipag-usap aa ainuman sapagka't kapangapanganib na maramdaman at mapaghinalaan ang lihim nilang gagawin, PAGLUNSAD SA KASIGURAN Pagsapit sa may baybayin ng Atimonan, Quezon (noo'y Tayabas pa), ang ayudante ni Funston ay lumusad at humanap ng ilang malalaking bangkang magagamit sa paglunsad sa look na pagdadaungan nila sapagka't hindi dapat lumapit sa baybayin ang Vicksburg. Walang nakuhang bangka sa Atimonan kaya nagtuloy aila sa pulo ng Polilyo. Doo'y nakatagpo sila ng tatlong bangkang may katamtamang laki. lka-13 ng Marso nang aila'y buong lihim na pumasok aa look ng Kaaiguran. Ang mga ilaw ng Viek.sburg ay pinagtatakpan upang huwag mapansin ang sasakyat, Noo'y nakahanda na ang aulat na ipadadala kay AgUinaldo. Si Funaton ang naghanda niyon at ai SeI{Ovia naman ang nagaalin sa papel na may tatak na "Brigada Lueena" at aa lbaba'y may hinuwad na lagda nl Hen. Laeuna. Anl sa mga Bulat na plnetsahan ng Pebrero 24 1901 ay nagbabalita ns paskatansgap nl Lacuna sa mga aulat na may petaan&' Enero 13 at U at sayundin ng PIC'Pipua!&mat n1 Laeuna && pag~irang aa kanya JULY·AUGU!>T, 1963 ni Aguina\00 bilang henera\ ng brignda. Ang ikalawang aulat namang may petsang Pebrero 28, 1901 ay nagsasaad na si Lacuna ny tumanggap ng utos ni Hen. Baldomero Aguinaldo, puno ng hukbo sa Gitnang Luson, na ipinadala niya sa madalin~ panahon ang isa sa mga piling pangka.t na kawa\ sa Pangulong Aguinaldo. Tinukoy rin sa sulat ang mga pinuno ng pangkat na darating. Malnkas ang ulan at malalaki ang alon nang ibaba ang mga boteng taglay ng Vicksburg, at pagkaraan ng katakut-takot na panganib na muntik nang ikasawi ngilan ay nakasnpit din sila sa dalampasigan. Pagkalunsad naman nila'y mabilis nang naglayag a11g Vi('ksbnrg na patungong Baler. Doon na sila nagpaumaga, sa lilim ng isang malak.ing punungkahoy. Walang naidlip sa kanila dRhil sa patu\oy na pag-ulan. Mag-iikapito ng umaga nang magsimula silang lumakad patungong kabayanan ng Kasiguran. Ang pagkain nilang dala'y sapat la1 nang para sa maghapong paglalakad. Ang limang Amerikanong kunwa' y bilrag ny nakaoamit-sundalo lamang, nakasumbrerong pangkampanya, naknpulinas ut sa kanilang balikat ay nakasakbat ang tig-isang makapal na kumot. Nguni't sa loob ng kani\ang damit ay lillim nilang iniingata n ang tig-isang rebolber na di ipinamalay sa mg;l kasamahang kawal. Naunang lumakad at namangka sina Cadhit at Segismundo na may kasamang apat na Makabebe. Dala nila ang isan~ sulat na may lagda ni Tal Placido para sa punong-bayan ng Kasiguran na nagbabalita ng kanilang pagdating. Hindi nila dinatnan ang punong-bayan ng Ka.siguran na umano'y nakipamista sa Palanan, kaya sa pangalawang puoong-bayan na lamang naibigay ni Cadhit ang sulat. Agad namang nagpahanda ang pangalawang pu. The "MS" (most severe! test is o series of performance tests for motor oils. Developed by the Americon.So· ciety for Testing Materials, it is required by automobile manufacturers. The ·· MS '' test is used to determine whether the motor oil meets all the lubrication requirements for the "most severe" type of service. Euo hlro Molar Oil uceeded all the lui reqvir•menh of !he '"MS'" ted nqvenct~ l for lop p•rformon,e, alwoyt "'" Euo E~tra Molar Oil] Page 25 nong-bayan. Mag-iikaanim ng hapon, ika-14 ng Marso, nang sumapit sa Kasiguran ang buong pangkat ui Tal Placido. Tuwang-tuwa sa panonood ang ruga tao sa timang bihag na Amerikano, habang nagpapakitang-gilas naman ang mga sundalong nagbabantay. Ang mga sundalo'y itinuloy sa Hang bahay na pinahnnda ng pangalawang, punong-bayan at a ng limang Amelikano naman ay ikwulong sa isang silid na mahig· pit na natatalibaan ng ilang kawal. Sa Kasiguran· ay totoong salat sa inaaning palay at ~r;d;~;a~~''k~fa;;~va~~iisd!1~i' n~~~sh~~ ~~n~~f~~td':~~: Nang gabing iyon ay nabalitaan nilang magdaros ng isang malaking pagdiriwang sa l)a\anan sa ika-22 ng Marso alang-alang sa kaarawan ni Aguinaldo. Nabalita ring umano'y dumating sa Palanan sina Hen. Tinio na may dalang 400 kabig na pawang sandatahan. Nahintakutan ang marami sa mga l\Iakabebe. Napawi Jamang iyon nang malinawan nilang ang balitang yao'y gawagawa lamang ng ilang mapagbiro nilang kasamahan. Noo'y nasa hilaga ng Luson si lien. Tinio at kasa~~~}r~';IG~~~f:a::1~a~~~~Gl~~~li~o~fykaaway. Noong Marso 17, 1!101, mag-iikawalo ng amaga, ay tumulak ang pangkat sa hangaring makasapit agad sa Palanan. Bago sila umalis ay naipadala na n1la sa isang Ilungot at dalawang taga·Knsiguran ang isang liham na padala ni 'l'al Placido kay Aguinaldo at ang dalawa pang may hinuwad na Jagda ni Lacuna. Sa kanilang pag-alis ay wala silang gaanong pagkaing nabaon. Gayunman. kung sila'y makapaghihintay pa nang ilang araw, ipinangangako ng pang-ala"•ang punong· bayan na sila'y makapagdadala ng sapat na pagkaing kailangan. Nguni't hindi na sila maaaring makapagW.gal sapagka't may tipanan sila sa muling paglitaw ng Vicksburg na maghihintay sa look ng Palanan sa takdang araw. Maraming hirap silang tiniis; ang kanilang dinaraanan ay matatarik na !ibis, masusukal na gubat, mupuputik na landas, habang halos walang tigit ang pagbuhos ng malakas na ulan. Sa daan ay natagpuan nilang nakabitin sa isa.ng sanga ng kahoy ang suint na ipinadala nila bago sila lumakad. Wala ang sinuman sa tatlong inutusan nila. Nakasalubong sila ng isang baluga at iyon ang inupahan ni!ang rnaghatid niyon sa Palanan. Mag-iikaanim ng hapon noong Marso 22, araw ng Biyernes, nang sapitin nila ang Dinudungan na may landasing patungo sa Palanan. Jlapung-hapo na gila sa gutom at pagod. - Dinatnan nila sa Dinudungan ang isang matanda, na may taglay na sulat buhat kay Koronel Villa para kay Tal Plncido. Ang sulat ay siyang tugon sa ipina· dala nila sa Palanan. Sinasabi roon na natanggap ni Aguinaldo an~ liham at ang tagubilin ng he1.eral na sila'y magpnhinga sa Dinudungan hanggang sa tumanggap ng panibagong utos. Nabalisa ang pangkat, !al-a na ang mga pinuno, dahit sa t.agubiling iyon. Nagpulong agad ang mga puno. Hindi maaaring humimpil sila nang ilang araw sa Dinudungan sapagka't ang karamihan sa mga l\Iakabebe ay mahinang-mahina sa gutom at pagod. l pinasiya nilang sulatan si Koronel Villa at sila'y humihiling na padalhan ng pagkain. Nilagd_aan ni Tal t rikano'y iwan sa Ilog Dibuio at pabantayan na Jarnang sa sampung sundalo, upang pagkaraan ng ilang ara\\ ay ihatid sa Isabela at tuluyang pakawalan. Nguni't hindi pinansin ni Tal Placido a ng nilalaman ng liham, at nang mag-iikawalo ng umaga'y nauna nahg lumak<~d ang mga lo.lakabebeng pinamumunuan nina Tal Placido at Segovia. Pinagdalawa ang pangkat; ang una'y kay Cadhit at ang ikalawa'y kay Bato. Ang limang Amerikano namang kunwa'y bihag ay nat.atalibaan ng aampung piling l\fakabebe at sumusunoel sa agwat na may ilang daang metro lamang. Nang may ilang kilometro ua lomang sila sa PolaPage 26 I GREETINGS to the PHILIPPINE CONSTABULARY on its 62nd Anniversary Philippine Charity Sweepstakes Offic:e BUY YOUR TICKETS TODAY FOR THE Anniversary Draw on September 15, 1963. FIRST PRIZE - P250,000.00 nan ay nasalubong nila nng 22 kawal ng Katipunan na pawang nasasandatahang mabuti. Ang sarJtento ng pangkat, si Andres Reyes, ay may taglay na isang sulat ni Koronel Villa. Sinasabi sa suint na ang pagtatanod sa limang bihag na Amerikano ay isalin sa pangkat ni Sar hento Reyes upang ang Jahat ng tauhan ni Tal Placido ay makasama sa Palanan at do-J'y makapamahinga at tuloy makapanood ng kaunling kasayahan. Dahil sa pangyayaring ito, nilibang nila ang mga kawal ng himagsikan at si!a'y lihim na nagpulong ukol sa paraang gagawin . Sa wakas ay naisip nilang magpabalik nang lihim sa ilang kawal upang ibalita kay Funston ang panganib na darating. At nang malayo na ang dalawang kawal na inutusan ay saka ibinigay ni Cadhit sa sarhentong buhat sa Palanan a ng isang sulat na may lagda 1 i Tal Placido, para sa sarhento ng destakamento sa Dlbuto, upang isalin ng mga yaon ang pagtatanod sa liman8 Amerikano. At pagkuwa'y Jumakad na ang rnga Kawai ni Aguinaldo pat ung•J sa Dinudungan. ANG PAGKABIHAG KAY AGUINALDO Nang ikatatlo ng hapon ay sumapit ang buong p!t"ngkat. ni Tal Placido sa Ilog Palanan. Dito'y naantala sila sa pagtawid sapagka't tao lamang ang n.aaaring snmakay. Malalim at taki ang ilog, na may kaluwangan din naman. Sa tawiran ay sinalubong sila ni Kapitan Tomas 1\Iagsarili, pamangkin at kinatawan ni Aguinaldo, bi1ang pa· kikilugcd at pagbati sa mga kasamahang dumating, At samantalang sila'y tumatawid, si Henera\ Aguinaldo ay nakatanaw mula sa bintanang paharap sa ilog. Walang anu-ano, habang sinisipat ni Aguinaldo ans mga dumarating, sa-tatapat sa durungawan ng heueral si Komandante Alhambro. Sinabi ni Alharubra kay Aguina\00 na malabis niyang pinag-aali.,nlanganan ans mga kawal na dumarating at hinil.ing niyang kung ituKHAKI & RI!D tulot ng henera) ay m.agpapaputok siya upang makilalang lubos ang dumarating na hukbo. Subali't si Aguinaldo'y hindi lamang tumanggi kundi muntik pang magalit dahil sa matapat niyang paniniwalang mga kapnna.lig nga an~ Mf!"a dumarutin<:;". Sa di-kawasa'y nnkatawid 11a lahat sa ilog ang m~ta nakabalstkayong Mskabeb!'. Huminto sila sa may dukong tapat ng bahay ni Aguinaldo, sa layong may ilang dipa lamang. Sa gawing kaliwa nama'y nakahanay ang may 16 na kawal ng himagsikan na may-J.:akit an.tr karamihan at kaya lamang nanaog ay dahil sa utcJ.: ni Aguinaldo na sila'y sumalubong at humati sa mga bagong dating na kapanalig. Noo'y walang malakas na kawal sa Palanan k11ndi - ang pangkat na ipinadala sa Dinudungan upang magtanod sa limang Amerikano at ang 25 kabig ng Cuervo de Sefiales na pinamumunuan ni Kapitan Velasco at may ilnng araw nang di sumisipot sa pagbabantay sa kabundukan. Pagkatapos ng kaukdang pal!:~alan'! sa matataas na pinunong dinatnan, sina Tal Placido at Segovia ay buong pitagang nanhik sa bahay ni Aguinaldo. Sina Cadhit at Bato ay naiwang kasama ng pinngdalaw:mg p:mgknt at kapwa naghihintay ng hudyac. Dinatnan nila sa itans si Aguinaldo at ilnng pinuno ng Katipunan na nakapalig id sa isang mcsang susulatan. Galak na galak ang kanilang dinatnan. Isn't isa'y nasasabik sa ibinabalitang paraan ng pagkabihag nina Tal Placido sa limang Amerik:ur.mg umano'y iniwan sa Dinudungan. Nguni't ang totoo, ang mga kawal ni Aguinaldo na ipinadalang mag:tatanod ay binihag at ikinulong nina Tal Placido bago sila pumasok sa kabaya.nan ng Palanan. , lpinahayag ni Segovia na siya'y naging ayudantc ni Hen. Llanera at makailang napalaban sa mga kawal ng Amerika. Nang itanong ni Aguinaldo kung saan sila kumukuha ng punglo't baril, sinabi ni Segovia na sila'y lihim na nagbibilin sa Maynila at sa ibang dako ng kapuluan. Si Tal Placido naman ay sumasang-ayon sa bawa't sabihin ni Scgo::.via; bihira siyang kumibo sapagka't ipinagbawal sa kanya ni Funston ang magsasalita ng ano man. - Pagkaraan ng may labinlim:mg minuto, sinabi ni Aguinaldo na sila'y magpahinga muna. gayundin ang mga kawal na naglakbay pa nang malayo. Hindi \mila kay Aguinaldo aug pagkapagal ng ruga bagong dating. Nang si Segovia'y magtindig, na umiika't halos hindi na makahakbang, binati pa siya ni Dr. Barcelona at inalok na gagamutin ang kanyang sugat. Dali-daling na."laog si Segovia. Sa daan ay nasalubong niya si T•'r:tncisco Ventus na nagtatanong kung sino sa mga kawal na bago.:mg dating ang marunong humihip ng korneta. Nguni't hindi iyon pinansin ni Se~ovia at pagkalapit sa hanay ng kanyang mga kawal ay buong takas na suMigaw: -Oras na, ruga Makabebe! At halos kasabay niyon ay biglang bumuga ng kamatayan ung mga hawak nilang baril. Nagkagulo :tt nagpanakbuhan an)"!" mga tao. Kabi-kabila'y umaangil ang sagitsit ng punglo. Datapwa, s.a pag-aakala ni Dr. Barcelona na nagkakatuwa lamang ang mrra bagong dating, siyay'y sumungaw sa balkon at sumigaw: - Huwag ninyong sayangin ang bala1 Lalo lamang nag-ulol ang putukan. Hindi pa !"in nakahalata si Aguinaldo. Patakbo pa siyang tuma~·::J sa balkon at sinaway niya ang sa nkala niya'y malabis na pagpapaputok. -Alto el (ueg()! - rualakas na sigaw ni Aguinaldo na pumipigil sa pagpuputok. -AIW el fuego! Lalong suruidhi ang putukan. Waring !along nagullll ang ga\it ng mga bagong dating at pikit-mntan...pinapuputukan ang bawa't makita. Napahumindig si Aguinaldo, natapik sa balikat ang m.angl;(agamot at napabulalas: -Dod()r, son enemigM! At sabay na wnurong ang dalawa at lumayo sa balkan. Agad sumunggab si Aguinaldo ng isang rebolber. ~~J~a:tfn:,O~~~gif8~i'iaut~ral;/nJa:~~n=ans~8fs~a~ JUL'Y·AUGUST. 1963 bisig, kasabay ang mahinnhon at sumasamong wika. -Huwag ninyong ibuwis ang inyong buhay, kailangan pa kayo ng ating bayan. Nagyakap ang dalawa. Noon pa lamang nakaramdam si Aguinaldo sa tanang buhay niya ng isang mabn· di't ;1ng-a:,poy na 1alit Nagsala-salabat na !Klon ang punglo sa bahay. Nang makila pala ng mga J\Jakabcbe na an)l" ilan, taulmn ni Aguinaldo ay nagsisipag\agos sa bintana upang tumulong sa mga napipilang kasamahan o kaya'y upang tumakas, pinaputukan nita nang wa\ang taros ang bailay na kinaroroonan ni Aguinaldo. Ang pagknkaligtas sa tiyak na kamalayan ni Aguinaldo ay parang himala. Sa kabi!a ng nagsala-sa!abat na punglo, siya''" ni hindi nasug-atan. At nang magpanaKbt•han nang lahat ang mga kawal ni Aguinaldo, ang pangKat ni Tal Placido ay nagsigawan: -Mabuhay1 At sa sumunod na sandali, si Aguinaldo'y mabilis na napaligiran ng mga Makabcbeng nakaumnng ang ba· ri] sa heneral. lsru1g Makabebe naman ang sumunggab l'ay Ot·. BaH·elona, nt nang ito'.•· nnyong papu)lutukan ~apngka't tumatungging lumuh::.d ay siyang paglapit ni Gadhit at iniligtas ang buhay ng m· tandang manggagamot. liang sandali pa'y siyang paglapit nina Tal Placido at Segovia na ang hawak na rebolbcr ay nakatutok kay Aguinaido. Kayo'y mga bihag ng 1-. mt:rika! - til a makaharing wika pa ng isn. Sa ilang saglit pa'y nanhik sinn Hen. Funston, Kapitan Hazzard at 'I'en. Hazzard. Buong kapaitang naipahayag ni Aguinaldo na an~ gayong kataksilan at pagkakanulo sa kanila'y isang kaparaanang imbi at hindi maituturing na tagumpay ng kaaway. Hiniling ni Aguinaldo na sila'y pakawalan at tulutang makapiling ng mga manghihimagsik. at saka maglaban ang dalawang panig nang buong kabayanilmn at kagitingan. Nguni't hindi sumang-ayon ang pinunong Amerikano at iminatwid na ang nais ng Estados Uni&::.s ay mapayapa ang Pil!pinas at mawakasan na ang mndugong pagbabaka. Maya-maya'y idinating naman ng dalawang l\1nkabcbe ang matapang na si Koroncl Villa. Hahapay-hapay siya at duguan ang buong katawan. Nang marinig pala ni Villa ang putukan, siya'y dali-daling nasok s;1 isang silid upang kumuha ng n'bolher. nguni't natultulan :.iya ni Segovia at napaputukan agad nang tatlong sunod. Sa mga kawal ni Aguinaldo ay dalawa ang namatav sa maikling labanang naganap, at sa pagkabigla ng iba ay nagpanakbuhan sa gubat. Sa kanilang pagtaka~ ay nakaiwan sila ng 18 baril at maraming punglo, hukod Da ang mav 6,000 pisong ginto't pilak na nasa kumbentcng pinaghimpilan nila. . .. Sa mga kawa\ ni Tal Placido ay Jlsa lamang ang nasugatan, na ang ipinalalagay na nakatama'y ang; nakatanod sa pil1tuan ni Aguinaldo. Ang tanod na 1yon, na m:gngangalang: Valeriano Rcile. av nnt.lutolr ~t lumPhan hanggang sa huling san_dali ng bu.h?-Y· Si Heile aY: taga-Karanglan. Nuweba Estha at anp: Lsa pang nasaw1 ay si Crispin Santiaguil, taga-lmus. Kabite. 1\fl!NTII\ NANG 1\lAGBAGONG-LOOB ANG l\lGA MAKAHEBE Kinagabihan noong Marso 23, 1901, sa gitna ng pusikit na karim\an, ay nagtayo ng kuta sina Tal P lacido s!.\ paligid ng bahay na kinapipiitan ninfl Aguinald?, Villa at Or. Barcrlona dahil sa pangaruba n1\ang lusubm at agawin ng mga kawa\ ng Katipunan si Aguinaldo. Sa utos ni Funston, si Cadhit ay nagpaputok nang tatlong sunod sa kanya_n~ rebolber na d~h~ses, bilang hudvat ~a pinuno ng VIcksburg na nagh1hmtay sa _l~ot. · Ang tatlong bihag ny inilagay sa isang s1hd, kasama ang isang pinunong Arutrikano. lsat~g Makabebe ang nakal:llaga sa silid :"It siyang M2"hahat1d nang pa~­ kain sa mga nakapiit doon. Ang kawal na Ito ang muntik nang maging dahilnn ng pngbabag>::Jng-loob ng ruga 1\fakabebe . Tsang gabi, ang limang Ameri~ano ay nasa 1sang silid at ang tatlo naman -sina Agwnald~, Dr. Bfl;celonn at Kor. Villa - ay magkaknsama sa 1sang s1hd. Sa (C::.ntinued on pago 80) Paee 2i Abdominal Pain By Captain JOSE F. UNGCO (MC) PC OIC Surgical Section Constabulary Station Hospital, Camp Crame Pain in the abdomen may be localized or generalized. It may be one of slight pains, to one, so intense as to cause the patient to shriek and break out into a cold sweat, depending on the condition present. This is a symptom produced by many conditions, as stone jn the urinary or biliary tracts, inflammation of the stomach, intestinal colic, gastric or duodenal ulcers, appendicitis, intestinal parasites, tuberculosis, syphilis, pneumonia and so on. When pain is generalized, the most common cause is peritonitis. Peritonitis is the inflammation of the serous membrane which lines the abdominal wall. This is the most serious cause of abdominal pain. If the peritonitis is caused by perforation, the pain is, at first, localized to the site of perforation and the abdomen is retracted. Later, whether the peritonitis is or not pertorative, the abdominal wall becomes distended ::.nd pain becomes generalized. Increase in the rate of pulse, rigidity and immobility of the abdominal wall are the most important signs. The pulse becomes more and more rapid, the temperature is raised, the bowels are constipated and there is nausea and, pe•·haps, vomiting. A progressive rise of pulse rate taken at intervals points to the need for urgent operation. The early diagnosis of acute generalized peritonitis is of vital importance; it has been estimated that each hour of delay in opening the abdomen reduces the chances of recovery by five per cent. Morphine and its derivatives and sedatives should not be ~ivcn lmless and u ntil the diagnosis is established, for its administration may mask the symptoms and obscure the diagnosis. Enema should not be given, nor purgative taken, for if the cause of pain is appendicitis, it may perforate same. The onset of pneumonia is sometimes announced by abdominal pain so acute that generalized peritonitis is closely simulated. The Page 28 rapid respiration rate may point to the lesion in the chest. Intestinal colic is due to many causes which leads to painful contraction of the intestinal muscles. In true colic, the severe attack consists of frequently recurring paroxysms which may be . of all degrees. The abdomen is generally distended. The abdominal muscles may be rigid. Pain may •.be accompanied by nausea and eructations. The patient tosses about and finally selects a position in which he can bring pressure to the abdominal wall. This is usually brought about by eating some indigestible tood. This may be due to obstruction, or the effects of gastrointestinal irritants or poisonous drugs. Tumors of the abdomen usually do not produce much pain in the beginning. Pain appears most often later when it produces pressure symptoms or causes obstruction. KHAKI & RED 1. Q - What is drug addiction? A - The Worla rtea1u1 v rganization de fines drug addiction dS a "state of penodlc or chronic intoxication, detrimental for the individual and society, produced by the repeated consumption of a natural or sx,.nthetic drug." For lay purposes, it may be defined as a state in which a person has lost the power of self-control with reference to a drug and abuses the use of the drug to such an exten that the person or society is harme, ll is produced by opium, morphine and heroin. 2· 0 - ::'ct~t~ti~r;? the characteristics of drug .. - There are three characteristics of drug addiction, namely: a. An irresistible desire to continue tt> take the drug and to obtain it by any means. The addict needs the drug as much as foo' and drink. b. A tendency to increase the dos' This means that the taking of same amount after a certai' length of time has no effect. A mental (psychological) and general physical dependence on the effects of the drug. Deprivation of the drug brings about considerable discomfort and mental unbalance. 3. Q- How is drug addiction acquired? A - It may he acquired in many ways. I may be the result of a legitimate administration of the drug to relieve pain. The craving is then gradually engendered and the habit starts. Us~~~ya~~i~s~~tsa!~~her3 i~d~:ifu~l"a~li JlJLY·AUGUST, 1963 I DRUG ADDICTION Questions and Answers o~repared by the Narcoties Section, CIS, HPC, Camp Crame) repeated. In many cases drugs were first taken as a relief from pain or mistakenly taken as an aphrodisiac or as a supposed cure for disease (T.B.), or out of curiousity or devilment or for some misguided reasons. Many who find themselves in the midst of squalor and misery turned ~~ 1~~y~~~fo i?ca~he r~fW.0Lt~lisidfJ these indivi~uals realize that once they had experienced the illusion of exhilaration and well being which the dose produced, there would be a constant irresistible urge to repeat :~: ~h~er!~~~~d 0~i:e~h~hesu~~dr::~~~ would be to have a third dose, the habit was formed and to satisfy their ~~:;i~f s~~~f~~~~~~i~~e;\~e::f~rc~d to increase their doses, until they found that it was impossible for them to break the habit. (Continued on next page) Me- Today From: 1 REBECK 1 ESPIRITU General Manager To My Bros.-in-Arms GREETINGS AND MABUHAY TO QUR 62nd PC ANNIVERSARY AND WHEN YOU TRAVEL LET ME BE OF SERVICE TO YOU/ BETTER TOURS, INC. Means Better Service & Travel (No Other Tra'fe) Agency Gins A Better Deal!) 433 A. Florea st., Ennita, Manila Tela. 6-17-34 5-68-17 • Travels * Sightseeing Tours * Car Rentals P111e 29 4. 0 - Wh~t is the effect of dmg addiction on the individual? A - The plight of an individual addicted to opium is bad. Morphine and heroin reduce him to ab ject slavery in a matter of few months, the initial habit-forming period being as short as two weeks. Once the drug takes hold, physical deterioration sets in, m ental breakdown is rapid and the moral restraints acquired through upbringing, education, family honors and so on are swept away to satisfy the craving for the drug. A dmg 11·afficker may not even know that his wife or daughter may have turned to prostitution to obtain the amount she needs for her daily shots of the drug 5. 0- What are the symptoms of dmg addiction ? A - a. Bloodshot, glassy eyes, dilated pupils b. Pinpoint marks on arms, bloodstains on the sleeves Continuous yawning, mnny nose, restlessness, nervousness, easily annoyed, no appetite for food d . Sleepiness and chain smoking Bui~cd holes on bed, clothing 01 on hands f. Spending la rge sums of money g. Possession of pawn tickt!ls things missing from the home h. Girl from a good family wh< becomes a prostitute i. P osses s i o n of a hypodermic needle, eye dropper, small glassine bags of white substance, resembling sugar j. Association with other addicts. THe Bukidnon PC mounted patrol and eJ:(Jerimental unit fir!lt coneeh·ed by Gen Atii!"IH:a, CG IV PCZ, as a'n :urn or the PC in its 011erations a~ainst banditry and lawlf!68· ness. It had its first appearance when Pre-1 ~hu:apagal Yisited Malaybnltty, last Feb 63. Page 30 CHAPLAIN'S CORNER Morality In The Service We usually understand morality as the prac· tice of rectitude in human conduct. When a human act is in conformity to thC" standard or rule of right behavior, it is said to be morally good. If the reverse is true, it is said to be morallv bad or wrong. ~ It is obvious that morality has reference to some cri[eria or norms. In fact, before we begin to act all in regard to certain objects, we know that some object• of desire and action are good while others are ·~viL The objective ultimate standard of righ moral action is the Eternal Law of God, because that is the ruling of Divine Reason, determining from eternity all the acts of all creatures in accordance with the nature of each and sundry. acts~~ tt~: !~~t~rde~~~u;v~~[se a~~ed:t:;~i~:d by God in accordance with our nature as free agents. • Right reason is a practical judgment of reason, issuing a general order that good is to be done and evil is to be avoided: it is the proximate, immediate and general standard of right moral action. Our human acts, being concrete and particular, the act of right reason which dictates them is the practical judgment called conscience. Conscience, then, is the proximate, immediate and particular norm of concrete acts of morality. The command which conscience issues is not issued by reason as itself commanding but only as proclaiming and imposing the command, <~S it were, of a higher headquarters. Conscience, so to speak, is an adjutant issuing the command on behalf of his commander. But how do we know that reason is right in its dictates? We know it by means of our human nature which is the radical objective criterion of right moral action. Some acts befit human nature because they maintain and perfect it and conduce it to the final end, while others, opposed to it, are against that human nature. CANNOT WASHOUT CANNOT MELT (Continued on next page) SHELL RETINAX AX Grease Y(!Microgel It's gotlo ~ g!!Q!Ito ~ Shell .IUl..Y·AUGUST, 1963 PC officers, soldiers, and Municipal Police Force of the Year 1962-63 Outstanding PC Pro,·incial Commander or the Year Major Jose B Gutierrez J PCZ Zone Provincial Commander or the Year Major Severino R Ruaro 1 PCZ Lt Colonel Artemio S Espidoi ll PCZ Lt Col Pantaleon E Revilles lli PCZ Major Benjamin G Berenguer IV PCZ Oul·standing PC Company Com· mander or the Year Captain Cirilo A Bueno, Jr III PCZ Zone PC Company Commander of the Year Captnin T·Jmas P Oiaz I PCZ Captain J orge Z Villena II PCZ Captain Alfredo F Basas 1ll PCZ Captain Angel P Garcia IV PCZ IIPC Company Commander of the Year 1st Lieut Rodrigo B Gutang !fPC & HSB Outstanding PC Junior Officer ot the Year 2nd Lieut Camilo I'll del Mundo Ill PCZ Zone l'C Junior Officers of the Year 1st Licut Celestino D Sicat I PCZ 1st Licut Buenaventura P Viray II PCZ 1st Licut Aniceto S Simoy lii PCZ 2nd Lieut Soliman G :Mcndoz;, IV PCZ HPC Junior Officer of the Year ht Lieut Orland-~ Q Antonio PGB "utstanding PC Soldier of the Year S Sgt Jose S Almazan, Jr IV PCZ Zone PC Soldier or the Year SJ!"t Juan C deJa Cruz I PCZ Sgt Cri"anto C Potil 11 PCZ S Sgt Teodoro C Zata 1II PCZ S Sgt Castor A Guerta IV PCZ HPC Soldier of the Year S Sgt Rcmigio H. Mabagos CIU Outstanding Municipal Police Force of the Year Municipal l'olice t'orce, Bauar., Hatangas II PCZ (Police Lieut Quirieo A Garcia -Acting CP) Zone Municipal Police Foree of the Year Municipal Police Force. Florida. hlar,cn. Pampanr-a I PCZ Municipal Police F:~l·ce, Mauban, Quezon II PCZ Cagaynn de Oro City Police F•:~ree IV PCZ Page 31 . 1892- 1963 71 YEARS OF DEDICATED PUBLIC SERVICE IN RAILWAY AND BUS TRANSPORTATION MANILA RAILROAD COMPANY TUTUBAN TERMINAL • TEL. 2.()().11 BENGUET AUTO LINE • MANILA PORT SERVICE LUZON BUS LINE If you ask the man in uniform why he has been trying, despite the odds, to be honest all these years, he will tell of at least one of these: the God above our heads, the dignity of human nature, the dictates of his conscience. Most of them will just make mention the service which includes all the other answers. For, morality is so ingrained in the service that r!t~:ali~~sei~ ~he 0~:J~1~l~he" s~~~c~~at. It is written in Army rules and regulations, in the Articles of War which are articles of war against what is immoral and, even of what is merely unbecoming, in various executive orders in directives and memoranda, in the work of its indefatigable Chaplains. But above all, morality in the Service is there because it is not a command responsibi~~t6'~t ~isn~~~~a~dm~:~~: f~~~: t::doo?nsible for Page 32 Last 31 December, our Commander-in-Chief. the President of the Philippines, said: "I appeal to all officials and employees of the Government. both national and local, from the humblest to the highest, to support the drive for moral regeneration. Let us give chance to our peonle to have a good government and to enjoy thereby a better life by serving them honestly, unselfishly and well. Let us bequeath to our children honor and a good name they can be proud of. Let it be enough that we have a position which gives us dignity and a means of modest livelihood. Let us remember that life on earth has to end, the ill-gotten sums that may be acquired through abuse of our public trust will avail us naught at the hour of our death, and instead, we shall on that account carry to the grave a sense of guilt that we have not led honest lives. If we need additional income, let us seek it through legitimate investments and honest way but not through misuse of our position or official intluence. By doing this, we shall help develop a prosperous country and a noble and happv race." - - The men and women who are in the service are expected to be the first to have responded to that appeal for morality. On The Occasion Of Its 62nd Foundation Day The Bernardino Carlos Construction Company Greets THE PHILIPPINE CONSTABULARY 11282·C. ~oi<ioada Extenaion Tondo, Manila I KHAKI I< RED From the pulpit and elsewhere, the preachers exhol1 the faithful to reserve Sabbath Day for the Lord. Amongus Catholics, we consider Sunday as Sabbath Day, henct the familiar sight on Sunday mornings and late afternoons, of men, women, and child11!n trooping to the churches to revere and/or commune with the Lord. On the other hand, we also see another familiar scene shortly after noontime on Sunday!!, of men from all walks of life, likewise trooping, but not to the temple of God . with the familiar sign of the cross, but to a coliseum with an equally impressive sign, that of a red banne1 with the ensemble of a proud and pugnacious rooster. which place is no other than the arena of the fighting cocks. While tlle faithful and dewtees silently murmur their prayers, the "aficionados" on the other hand shout on top of their v.oices their bets and preferences, using the characteristic lingo - "sa pula, sa puti, logro dies. logro once." Just as we find churches and plac..-s of worship throughout the country, we likewise fir.d cockpits from Batanes to Jolo. The game, if ever it is, com mands nationwide patronage. Legal Opinion Digest Cockfighting And The Law By Capt l\fAXIMINO R DIONISIO Office of the Oonstabulary Staff Judge AdYOC"ale A SPORT OR A VICE1 As to whether or not cockfighting, with all its attendant evils, can be considered a sport or a "ice, Mr. Justice Gre_gorio Perfect>.::~ gives the answer in his concurring opinion in the case a! Greg"Qrio Miguel vs. Vicente Tose, et al (G.R. No. L-416, Prom. April 30, 1948). Says Justice Perfecto: "Such t;orms of vice and gambling are regulated by express provisions of Jaw, such, as the Spanish Royal Decree about cockfighting which, a~ stated in the decision penned by Mr. Justice Tuason, continues to be in effect. "Evidently, all the preaching 'Of Rizal ugai cockfighting, due to its evil and demoralizing effects, have been in vain. More than half a century has elapsed since his death. We have enshrined ~is hallowed memory as our number one hero and a~ one of the greatest moral figures of humanity. We haYe been making vociferous avowals of adherence to the lofty ideals and doctrines he bequeathed us ~ugh his immortal writings and the noble example of his life. But the sanguinary grunbling continues unabated and the sordid greed of the gamblers is shamefacedly brought to the templee ot justice, in a litigation about money besmirched with rooster's blood. "While applying the Jaw in this case, placed as we are in one of the highest forums of our nation, and in a position of national leadershiJ,o, we feel it our duty to state that it is about time to marshal all the moral ~rcea in all sectors of the country so as t.o emancipate ov:r people from tbe degradi JULY-AUGUST, 1963 shacklers of legalized gambling. As it will be a long way for our country to reach the acme of material progress, let us find compensation in striving to be always in the forefront on all matters of permanent cultural value, on all things that would develop, enhance and elevate the noblest qualities and the dignity of a human being." In the case of Quimsing vs. Lachica, (G.R. No. L14683, Prom. May 30, 1961) our Supreme Court thru Mr. Justice R<~berto O:mcepcion finds another ocea.sion to comment on this nation-wide game. Says l\olr. Ju~tico Concepcion: "x x x it is a matter of commOn knowledge that cockfighting is one of the most widespread vices of our population, and that the government has always shown a grave concern over the need of effectively curbing its evil effects. x x r• HOW PLAYED. - As established by customs and adhered to by the aficionados there are three principal varieties of this game. The most common is tllat of a fight to the finish of a pair .of roosters of about the same size and equal weight, each fitted with a very sharp, pointed and single bladed gaff. These cocks are made to fight each other until death or until one runs away in virtual surrender or defeat. In this type of play, each fighting cock is at the sta.rt held by a person "sultador'', thence released simultaneously with t..'le other at a given signal. The signal is given by a referee called the "sentenciador'', who takes control of th£ bout. Unlike in boxing, this referee acts as the sole judge of the game. His main job is to prompUy proclaim the winner of each bout. He must therefore enPage 33 joy the respect and confidence of the cockfighting fans. The other type of play is called the "battle royal' wherein more than two fighting cocks, each on~ anned with a gaff at the left lower leg, a re made to fight one another to the finish. Here is a situation where there is expected to be one winner but more t han one loser. The third and last type is a marathon bout called "patakbuhan". This is similar to the first type except that no gaff is used. The cock who runs away is declared the loser. WHERE PLA YEO. - As autb;Jrizcd by law, cockfighting bouts must be held only in a duly licensed cockpit. Lately, however, it has been observed that cockfights have been held and perhaps still are being held in other places of amusement not duly licensed as cock· pit, like the Philippine Racing Club in Makati and in the A1·aneta Coliseum in Quezon City. Where the bout is held in an improvised arena (sometimes at the back· yard) which is of course not a licensed cockpit, the cock· fightmg is called "tupada". This is prohibited by Jaw and is punishable under Art 199 of the Revised Penal Code. Basaludin Jaotolig, outlaw leader, turning over his TSMG Cal 45 to Lt Col Rizalino Ala Garcia, Prov) Comdr Sulu PC, during the effectivity of his surrender at Km 35 boundary, Seit Lake, and Camp Andres, Luuk, Sulu, on 11 May 63. Page 34 S. G. Santos Commercial Sole Distributor & Manufacturer of ''SUPER" Brand Fire Fighting Equipments General Contractor SEGUNDINO G. SANTOS Prop. & Gen. :Manager S"iiles & Display Office: 9 hla de Romero, Echague, Sta. Cruz, Manila ( Back of Eastern Hotel) Cable Address : "SEGSAN" :Manila Tel. 3-66-88 Shop: 104-K 6th Kamins Quezon City Tel. 7-96-48 KHAKI & RED SEl'tiBLANCE OF FAIR PLAY. - The oonsensus among the cockfighting fans is that cockfighting is the game where fair play is observed the most. This is so on the assumption that the fighting cocks involved nre not susceptible to fraudulent schemes such as a "combination fight". For instance, in horse racing, much depends upon the jockey, which is not so in cockfighting. Furthermore, among bettors, the honor system is ob. served. To illustrate, betting is nonnally done by "oral calls" witb;,ut the necessity of actually handing out cash to one another. After the bout. the loser pays his due to the victor without question. In fact, bettors need not have direct dealings with one another. In practice, an experienced g~between or broker, known as ••Cristo", who is usually gifted with wonderful memory, does all the rudiments of matching bets among bettors on a percentage basis. The p~. however, is not completely foul.prool. Among the possibilities of foul-play are: (a} the discreet poisoning of the fighting cock of an adversary shortly before the start of any bout in order 00 insure victo1-y and (b) the improper harnessing of the gaff to an opponent's fighting cock thereby reducing tho chances of t.he said cock to inflict injury to its ,adversary. These fraudulent practices however, are rare. THE LAW IN POINT. - At the outset, let there be first a distinction between the term "cockpit", which is the place where the cockfighting is held, and the tern• "cockfighting", which is the fighting bout itself. Our laws regulate "cockpits" and "cockfighting" separately. Borrowing the language of our Supreme Court in t~e case of Quimsing vs. Lachica, while "Section 2243 (i) <lf the Revised Administrative Code empowers municipal councils to regulate cockpits, yet the authority of said council over cockfighting is found in Seetions 2::!85 and 2286 of the said Code, not in Sedion 2243 (i). Similarly. Article 199 of the Revised Penal Code pun.ishes, not illegal cockpits, but illegal cockfighting." Quoted hereunder are Sections 2285 and 2286 of !the Revised Admi11istrative Code: "Section 2285. Re.stridion upon cOGkfighting. - Cockfighting shall take place only in lirensea cockpits and, except as provided in the next succeeding section J1eroof, only upon legal holidays and for a period of not exceeding three days during the cclebrati-;,n of the local fiesta. No card game or games of clmnce of any kind shall be pennitted on the premises of the cockpit." "Section 2286. Cockfighting ·at affairs ~I'LCl cat:nivals. - Jn provinces where the exposition of agricultural and industrial products of the provinc>!. a carnival or any other act which may redound to the promotion 'ilf the general interests therevf, shall be held on a suitable date or dates, the council of the municipality in which such fair, exposition, nr carnival is held may, by resolution of a majority of the council, authorize the cockfighting pennitted atl a local fiesta to take place for not to exceetl three days during the sald exposition, fair, or carnival, if these fall on a date other than that of the local fiesta. Where this action is taken, cockfight. ing shall not be permitted during tfte local fiesta unless a legal holiday occurs at such period in which case cockfighting may be permitted upon the holi· day." JVLY·AUGUST, 1963 .·~, ·'. 01 ~ \ I I '--. '~ a It will be noted that in the above quoted Section 2285, RAC, "cockfighting" is permissible on legal hoJi. days, meaning all legal holidays without exception. This portion of Section 2285, RAC, has already been modifiea three times namely: (a) by RA No. 137 prohibiting the holding of cockfighting on July 4th of each year; (b) by RA No. 229 pr;,hibiting the holding of cockfighting on the 30th day of December of each year; and (c) by RA No. 946, prohibiting the holding of cockfighting or. I Campaign on loose firearms ror the month of l\lay 1963 by Neg-ros Oriental PC yielded these unlicensed gWUI, Page 3! Maundy 'nlursday and Good Friday. Secti()n 2286, RAC, treats of the holding \'lf cockfighting during an "exp<~sition of agriculturol and industrial products of the province, a carnival, or any ot.her act which muy redound to the promot~n of the general interest thereof" for a period of not exceeding three days in lieu of the holding of said cockfighting during the celebration o:Jf local fiestas. The cockfighting being held during this period is commonly known as "Pintakasi." Deliberately, perhaps, many municipal and city councils expand the meaning of this prov1sion of law by declaring more t han one expositkm, carnival. or fair, during the year so that "pintakasi" may be authorized more than once a year. To some extent, some muni· cipal councils, by resoluti-.Jn or ordinance, declare every Thursday, or Friday as the case may be, a.s "fair, carnh•al, or market" day and at the same time authorize the holding of cockfighting on the said day or days of the week in addition to Sundays and legal holidays. 1t is submitted that this interpretation of the law is erroneous. Since the holding of t he "pintakasi" during aH exposition, carnival, or fair is authorized where no such "pintakasi" wa.s held ~r is to be held during the celebration of the local fiesta, it follows that this pint:lkasi may be held only once a year because a f iesta must also be held only once a year (Sec. 2282, RAC). It seems that what emboldens the different city aRC municipal councils to arrogate unto themselves the power to regulate "cockfighting,'' (not cockpit) is the seemingly ambiguous provisions of RA No. 938 as amended by RA No. 1224, quoted hereunder: "The municipal or city board or council of !'ach chartered city and the municipal council or each municipality and municipal district shall have t.'Je power ~a regulate or prohibit by ordinances the esA I'C raidmg team under 1st Lt Felix Cha_~t"uile raided Apid Island. lnoJ*Can, Leyte, on 17 May 1963 and found 55 cases of abandoned smuggled blue seal cigarettes inside a eave in said island. Members of the raiding ttNtm were T/Sgt Jorge Almaden, SSgt Pablo Nidera, Cpl Pascu;o ~egis and Cpl Pedro Mil. The smuggled blue se'al "Union" CJgarettes were turned over to Bureau of Internal Revenue authorities at Tacloban City on 18 May 1963. Photo shows from left: Maj Jose Bas8, provincial oomrnander. Cpl ~Iii, patrol member, Lt Chaguile of the 59th PC Company, pati'OI le-ader; Cpl Regis, p>atrol member, Sgt Nidera, patrol member apd Capt Lorenzo D. Dima-ala, assistant provincial commander. Page 36 At l\1t. llim, Calatagan, Batangas, where Yakan Arao (wit.h carbine) was encountered by a patrol led by Lt l~nulino Sil'an, Sgt Ariston Marquez, and Cpi Francisco Bedua of the 36th PC Company recently. tablishment, maintenance and operation of nightclubs, cabarets, dancing schools, pavilions, cockpits, bars, saloons, bowling alleys, billiard poolB, and other similar places of amusement within its territorial jurisdiction: Provided, howe,-er, That no 3uch places of amusement mentioned herein shall be est.'lb\ished, maintained and/or operated 'Within a ra· dius bf tv.·o hundred lineal meters in the cast of night clubs, cabarets, pavilions, or other similar places, and f ifty lineal meters in the case of dancing schOflls, bars, saloons, billiard pools, bowling alleys, or other similar places, excepr cockpits. the distance of which shall be left to the discretion of the mu· nicipal or city board ·ar council, from any public building, schools, hospitals and churches: Provided. further, That no Municipal or city ordinance fixing distances at which such places of amusement may be established or operated shall apply to those a lready licensed and operating at the time ~f the enactment of such municipal or city ordinance, nor wili tne subsequent operating of any public build ing or other premises from which distances shall be measured prejudice any place of amusement already then licensed and operating, but 11.ny lfUCh place of amusement established within fifty lineal meters from any school, hospital or chun:h shall be so constructed t hat the rJOise coming therefrom shall not disturb those in the school, hospital or church, and, i1 such noise causes such disturbance then such place of amusement shall rrat operate during scbaol hours when near a school, or at night when near a hospital, or when there !l.re religious services when near a chun:h: Provided further· mol"(', That no minor shall be admitted in any bar. saloon, cabaret, or night club employing hostesses: And provided, finally, That this Act shall not apply to establishments operating by virtue of Common wealth Act Numbered Four hundred eighty-five nor to any establishment already in operati-.Jn when Republic Act Numbered Nine hundred seventy-nine took effect." Many municipal councils consider the aforementioned law as an amendment by implication of Sectiona 2286 KHAKI & RED 1\larclt('s and BivoU'ac - 28 kilometera w1th 1st Lt. E I A Ocampo, Jr., or the Negros Oriental PC, who is leading the group. and 2286 of the RAC, thus they contend that they have power to autharize the holding of cockfighting on any day of the week and as long as they want to. In the case or chartered cities, their respedivt charters contain certain provisions which their respectiv£> councils find convenient to exploit towards authorizing . oock!ighting oftener than what the Revised Administrative Code authorizes. An example of such provision is Sect1on 21 of Commonwealth Act No. 158, otherwise known as, The Charter of Iloilo City, which is QU'Otcd hereunder: "Section 21. Except ~ otherwise provided by law, the Municipal Board shall ha\'e the following legislative power X X X to tax, fix the license ree for, and regulate among others, theatricat perf-:>rmancel! x x x and places of amusements (par. j) x x x." Taking advantage of RA No, 938 as amended by RAs No. 979 and 1224, many city and mWlicipal councils passed ordinances and/or resolutions authorizing the holding of cockfighting -on days other than those authorized by the Revised Administrative Code. Following are examples of such ordinances: (a) Ordinance No, 7 of Caloocan City which took effect on March 13, 1962, wherein cackfighting is pennitted on any ordinary day upon prior application and permit issued by the City Mayor; (b~ Ordinance No. 60-4346, Quezon City which took effect on March 13, 1962, wherein cockfighting is permitted on Saturdays. TEST CASE. - In the expectation that this variance in the interpretation of the various laws relating to cockfighting might be settled once and for all by the proper court, the Iloilo Constabulary Command, either on purpose or by accident, forced the i& ue by raiding the cockfighting being held on February 13, 1958, which was a Thursday, at Molo District, Iloilo City, notwithstanding the existence of a City Ordinance and a permit iuued by the City Mayor authorizing the said cockfighting. This Constabulary action gave rise to the celebrated case o;)f Quimsing vs. Lachica. cited earlier. The dispositive portion of the decision in this case is JULY-AUGUST, 1963 quoted hereunder: ''Thus, the issue boils down to whether RepubiJc Act No. 938 as amended, gives local governments a blanket authority to pennit cocldighting at any time and for as long as said governments may wish it. "Upon mature deliberation, we hold that ansWer must be in the negative. To begin with, repeals and even amendments by implication are not favored, whereas an affinnative answer would entail a vital amendment, amounting, for all practical purposes, to a repeal, of Section 2285 and 2286 of the Revised Administrative (hde. Secondly, grants of power to local governments are to be construed strictly, and doubts in the interpretation thereof should be resolved in favor of the national gavernment and against the politicaJ subdiviflions concerned. Thirdly, it is a matter of common knowledge that cockfighting is one of the mvst widespread vices of our population, and that t.he government has always shown a g-rave concern over the need of effectively curbing its evil effec~. The theory of petitioner herein prt:supposes that the Republic of the Philippines has completely re\·ersed its position and chose instead, l'l place the matter entirely at the discretion of local governments. We should not, and can not adopt, such premise except upon a clear and unequivocal expression of the will of Congress, which insofar as said premise is concerned, is not manifest from the language used in Republic Act No. 938, as amended . "Lastly, "cockpits" and "cockfighting" are regulated separately by aur laws. ThtJs, section 2243 (i) of the Revised Administrative Code empowers municipal councils "to regulate cockpits." Yet, the authority of. said council over "cockfighting" is found in sections 2285 and 2286 of said Code, IXlt in said section 2243 (i). Similarly, Article 199 of said Revised Penal Code punishes, not illegal "cockpits", but "illegal cockfighting". What is more, participation in cockfights "on days other than th;>se permitted by law", is dealth with in said artiCle separately from participation in cockfights "at a place other than a licensed cockpit." "So, too, the authority of local govemments, under Republic Act No. 938, as amended, to ''regulate x x x the establishment, maintenance and operati-on of x x x cockpits, does not necessarily connote the power to regulate "cockfighting", except insofar as the same must take place in a duly licensed "cockpit." Again, the first and second proviso in section 1 of said Act, regulating the distance of cockpits and places of amusement therein mentioned from any public building, schools, hospitals and churches," and the third proviso of the same section, prohibiting the admisskm of minors t(' some of these places of amusement, suggest that the authority conferred in said provision may include the power to detennine the location of cockpits, the type or nature of construction used ther<>for, the conditions to be observed for the protection of persons therein, the number and/or by each operator, the minimum age of the individuals who may be admitted therein, and -other matters of similar na-ture - as distinguiahed from the days on which (Continued on page 88) Page 37 How To Meet A President By 1st Lt. DIONISIO S. TAN-GATUE, JR. Presidential Guard Battalion, PC Citizens Day nt )lalacaiiang . . NO\~ it can be said, and quite safely, that 1t 1 s eas1er to meet the President of the Philippines than 10 see a typical government big shot. Early Friday morning, at around seven o'clook, take an extra-ordinarily heavy breakfast wrap you~self up a "baon", put on an old: cheap-lookmg polo shirt, not necessarily the long-sleeved variety, take a jeepney on the near~~t ro~;~te to. Malaca.fiang gate No. 4 and join a lme, JUSt hke seemg a popular movie in a downtown theater which, in all probability, must have been formed as early as five o'clock by people from the provinces, and there wait tor seven thirty. At seven thirty on the dot, a short, cur.ly-han· young man from the Office of tl~e Appomtments Secretary will hand you a shp of paper on which to write, among other t~i!lgs, your name, address, the purpose of your VISit or matter you wish to bring to the attention of the President, what action you request 10 be done on the matter and to whom it is to be rcterrcd. Just as soon as you finish fillinrr up this blank slip, the Sergeant of the Guar(t of the Presidential Guard Battalion on duty will request you to proceed to the PalaCf• front Door ·where you will line up again to wait for eight o'clock, the time the President normalh refeive~ the ~ilizen visit?rs. Find your place. Its stnctly f1rst come, first served. The slip of p~per you have just filled up is numbered, and tf your number, for instance, is fifty, you can be sure that you will be the fiftieth person to meet the President, not the forty-ninth or the hfty-first. That's how the guards can be so thorough. hour~~~~ 'tpb!i~~to~~~~~0Js. fo~h~~~ i~p~~~hj~~ wrong even if the guards will look at you in a quizzical manner. It's just that three persons out of your group of a thousand and two souls. by experience, are potential trouble makers, Page 38 7ranks! dru~ks or tucking pistols and balisongs m the1r wa1sts. For so big a crowd, that is good enough percentage. At eight o'clock sharp, the line moves up the stairway leading to the President's study ~~~be;0fifi~~~~~u0~i)i0btf~b~o~:~t ~~0~f ~h~ ~ifth group to go up. Naturally, while waiting 1t~r i~~~;t t~~ih~0lin':.ill ;~td~n~~~~;.se 1f'h~ is not a security man out to take a closer look at you, he will not escape notice from eagleeyed guards. From among these characters, too, here arc some people you will probably meet with their familiar, oft-repeated remarks· The VIP: ''I'm the piesident of the Mancommunidad Chabacana, with five thousand \"Oters, I mean, member." The Relative: "I'm a long-lost cou!"in-in-law." The Cabalen: "I'm from Lubao." The Infirm: "I need a brand-new wheelchair in order to reach the poling place this November." The Poor Boy: "I also tend five carabaos in waterholes as big as those found in Florid<'blanca." The Beauty Contestant: " I like him." Some people especially from the prOvinces make it a point to bring 'pasalubong' to the President. Well, that can't be helped. Whether they bring fresh carabao's milk from Pangasinan. live mudfish, wriggling in basket-shaped banana stalks from Paete, Laguna, or special home-made "bagoong" from La Union, don't mind the bearers and don't mind the odor. It {Continued on page 72) ll!:lements of the PC Z'.l.mbo Norte and Ranger Teams engaf.!ed these out-Jaw.s in a bloody battle. All "ere killed, their various anns were captured. In this encounter, Capt. ~langondato waa hacked on the head. He was awarded I he Gold Cr<NJS :O.Iedal, pinned by the Prf'Sidmt himself,, while the men were awttrded fhe Bronze :&ledal. KHAKI I< RED j On Our Defense Problems Ry 1.t WII.FTtlmO D. YIR.\Y, I'N the 1 ·ast cxpan11e of our tenitoria l ,.·aters necessitate.' !he constant emJIIoyment of fast and highly-effective n -. stll! for Se'.t" 'ltl'd defense and law.enforcement. .\t no other time in our history h119 the matrix of " UI' defense p1·oblem.s been placed under closer scrutiny than the present. Thi~ is a healthy sign and is mos.\ heartening indeed, liS the c:ountry begins to dem:1nd moro and more no less than the precise solutions t•;, our e\·erchan~in~t problems of security. And it is the beauty of a free society such as what we ha\'e that citizens can take part acth·ely in the ;::-t·eat dialogue of defense plauning and stratcg:.•. The central theme of the discussion on defense and R!'curity has been, simply, hOt\' best we can optimize '" efforts along this lin<', or how we can get the most by ,,·ay of security 11-ith the least expenditure of resources Tlu!l problem is an old one and indeed, our difficult.• v.ill lie on/~· on h-.Jw well we !!hall apply standardi1.ed concepts on the pre1·ailing local and intemational conditions. We have to accept., first of :111, the truism that defense considerations are b.Jth a science and an art. In their acientific a~pcd, people are gene1·ally agreed on what consider-.tlions ~hould prev:lil or what factors shoulrl b(l controlling in military planning. It i!; in the realm of the militnr>· field i'lR an art, or in "the right r~aS'Jll oC thi nq~< to he made," where men arc apt to split hnirll :~ n<:l disagre". In defense str:~tcgy, as it is in other fielW of knowledge, academic discipline is essential. The seeming!: insunnountahlc pile o( problems will never admit of soJuti:m unle;o,s approached methodically and with rigor seoking as it were a solution that is complete and minimizing as much as p;,ssiblc the isolated exceptions. l'tfllent-Day Re.-..llties To many, the defense establishment is an organiza· tion that is unique and quite apa1-t from other function~ (J( rrovernment. While it is true that the armed servicea. <:xiat: ro fight and thus p1·ovide security to the nation, their reason for being should be \'iewed on a broader perspeeti\·e. deservc11 utmost a jJpreciation. And in this light, tlJat is, in support of the nati-.Jnal objectives, the armed e~<tab­ lishment exists for a variel)· of reasons. Conflict is in the nature of men. Conrlicting inte· J'ellt~ ;u-e i11 the nature of nation!<. And though thl:'re is e\·tdence to ~how the improbability of another global war, new form~ of combat in limited S1·opcs h:t\'e been d~·,·ised. New weapons, new munitions, new mhanr· ments in science and teclmology ;1re now eng-a!-:'iug in · modified sclllcl'l of W[ll'f;u·e. But whate\'Cr the form and 1!ophisticati·.Jn of the new warfare in question, the ha~ic. clement of conflict is present, the conflic:t !hut ari~es when diplomacy b1·caks down. And yet a nation'.~ ar med st1·eng-th m;ty instll'C that 11iplomatic relatious an> not se\·ered and, therefore, pre~erve peace <"I'Cil in the ;1b~encc of war. Dit'lmmu" find military power therefore ~o hand-in-hand in 1\·orkin~ for the national ·tims. A country's defense establishment is more of a11 entity for maintuinin~ the pcaee r;1the1· than an instru- ) ment for fi~htinK a war. This fact tn·in~s to lir.ht Ill'· full significance of the ro](' of the ;1rmed !'len·icell in w11r and pe:tee. And keeping this notion in mind, w • rcadilv see that the conccJlt of an armed force "fo1· d1· rense .only" Is absurd. 011 a broader Clllll'aS, the missions <.Jf the defen~c c~ta~l:~hn;~t a~~11a~ea s~~~en;;;1nt1~o~8a~~~~~:~~n and suh-r ve1·~ion by :lny f·.Jreign pow<·r; (Continlte(t on next pnge) That all JOI'el11mental aetivitiea are intertwined in Jeering- J apanese trOOJlS yelling ''Ranzai" aHer they had the J•urs;uance of the nationnl interest.! is a fact that (:aptured 11 hill in Rataan during World Wa•· IT. JULY-AUGUST, 1963 Page 39 (2) To complement diplomacy and statecraft; (3) To conduct warfare during actual conflict; ('I ) To assist in the accomplishment of '.lthcr nationnl ~ims. The Core of Our Problems Th<' Armed Forc<'s of the Philippines is pres<ntly supported by the tnxpayers' mcney to the tune of som.:: f'284-M annu;al!y. To many, this means no more than a subsidy to a !!prawling complex of "forces jn beino,. But even consi<lt!ring the A FP as such, that is dllF regard to its peacetime functions, we find that our forces Jre meager when pbced side-by-side with those of ou Asian neig-hl;ors. And while it is true that there is no \(ixcd rule on hvw much percentage of the gross national product should I><' spent for dcfPnsc efforts, the merit:; of any particular situation in any particular reg-im should be the ccntro!ling facVJr. In our case, a major build-up and not a dra.stic trimming, is urgently necessary. If we cannot aspire to match our neighbors force by force due to the limitati-ons of our resources, then a certain standard of parity slJould be achieved in orde,. that there will not be a glaring imbalance of forces in our region. The existence of a power vacuum alongside dynamically powerful forces is portentous of agitation and turbulence. A great dispmity between nations in acLual and potential strength, whether in the military. cultural, or economic field, always brings about til!~ movement of forces f rom the stronger to the weaker. A continuous ndjustment, both quantitath·ely and qualitatively, should be effected in our defense system to neutralize or nullify ever-changing threats that may confront us. l•'lexibility in defense thinking is therefore of primary impot-tance. Our forces !'hould be C:1pable of m«ting shifting exigencies O\'er lnnd and sea, ;\nd in the air, and should be able to concC'ntt·atc at points wherC a decision ,\ill hoxc a profound influence in the overall furthcrnncc of the national interests. Our greatest problem is how best lo live within our means and still provide the necessary measure of defense and security to the nation. What has resulted is a. ~nmewhat overstraining of our physical and mental powers. Speaking of the navy, this has meant the.accomplishment of numerous miss~Jns, both nav 1\ and civic, \'irtually on a shoestring. Added to this have been the PC CHiii!E CAMPAIGN l'lan\3 to minimize criminality in :llind·anao and Suln were map11ed out during Command Conference of the IV PC Zone in Cag-ayan de Oro rcc.-nlly. Page 40 ~holo 11_hows Cap_t Ce.~'lr G: Villa~, CO 5'3rd PC Company. lnsJl<CC.tJng 1\Tu!<hm Kump1t "i\hllen~·· which was loaded with untaxed blue seal cigftrettf's. Tlu.• kumpit was inter<"l'tlled in the waters off Dalaguete, Cebu. tedious and backbreaking tasks of -operational training and fleet maintenance. Taldng the case of our na\·al establishment further. problems arc ever surmounting in the maintenance nnd operation of vessels and equipment that have long outli\·ed efficient use. The demands for greater sh'ip el'.., dur:mce, sturd ier ship construction, and greater speed~< arc getting more and more acute as our naval service feels increasingly the absence of more appropriate ship types. Our patrol and other light craft are still pegged t•• speed that a re "unthinkable'' in our p1-esent era. While other nations build their navy, we continue to sb-Jrc and patch up old ships that "look like new" only because of our own ingenuity. There is a grave deficiency in our s~award defen•<-· forces which we can obviate immediately usinrr 100?'~ Filipino capital and labor. And this is th! constructio:· of motor torpedo boats which, by appropriate design, can make runs up to around 35 knob;. Similar vessels constructed by the more technologi-cul!y advanced C')untries easily make around 45 knots, complete with surfaecl·niding and anti-submarine warfnre armaments. .In this respccf, we do not hnve to ' look very far for the necessary example and incentive. The very firs' ve;1scls of our Off-Shore Patrol (OSP) prior to Worl VVar II were three Q-boats, forerunners of prescnt-da~ I motor torpedo bont.s. And we h:we constructed this lYP'of fast patrol boat even before the war! M·Jney would not be a major problem in the acqui1'-ition or construction -of this ship typ,. for the Philippin•. Navv because cof;t consideration would not bt: apprecinbl~. And Cor the money, as the saying goes, nothing more can be desired. These small but fast torpedo boats wi\J Bffonl u10 ·the greatest· return f-Jr whatever moneY· that may be invested for ship acquisition and operation. The problem of a small navy coexistirlg with a mammoth fleet of a hostile sea power is one Q( importance to us. History is replete with examples of thi~; predicament and we have only to tum to the recorded pMt to draw guidance in the solution· of onr own problem. 'rhe quickest though not necessarily the best "way out" is through alliance with other foreign powers..thercby endeavoling to achieYe a semblance of that proYerbial balance or powel·. Thi!i we ha\·e plunged into KHAKi & RED through bilateral and multilateral tt·eaties and alliances. ~uL a solution to the problem that would depend entirely on our own would suggest the employment of forces t..'tat \\'.luld tnakc maximum use of the clements of conceal· m:ent and surprise, speed nud striking power. These arc predsely the requirements and catalysts which have brought about the invention of the submarine and the construction a( Jigh1. and fast pali'OI torpedo boats. For oyr purposes, therefore, since we are and will be t;;:~j. some time the naval ''underdog'' in our hemisphere, the employment of submannc and fast pati'Ol tm·pedo/ boats would afford us the best means to offset our tre· mendous matet·ial disadvantage. The Spirit of Defcn><c Let us now take the case of C\'olving our concept o( defense. In this respect, the term "defense" should he fullr clarified. To borrow :'IIahan's concept, whirh has permeated defense thinking not ouly iu the United States but also in J~uropc, an at·med establishment for defonsl! is one tlwt will be used only when attacked. The actual operations that m::ty be conducted can, the1cfore, be hath offensive and defcnsi\'C in nature. The spirit of defense is h~· no means onlr defensi\'e in form. To think of national defense in lenns of "dig-ging in" and waiting for the enem~· simply because our armed forcoi's are f·:.>r ''defense only" is therefore fallacious. We should forever banil;h the thoug-ht of fighting tomorrow's ronflict with the weapons and mentality which we h:wc used in lhe past. Politkally, economically, and culturally, we stand today :.>n n diffC'rf'llt light compared to our predicament Bresoto, Cpl Jesu~; C'abug, C1'l Alfredo Peralta, Cpl Sof· .:Onto Bartclay, Cpllesus Gul('(ino, Cpl Cristito Cen•antes, Cpl Bcn,·enido Prado, Cpl Edmundo Rosales, CJJI Ray. mundo Condat, Cpl lrcneo :'llarailon, Pfe Agapito Tabug, Pfc S ieolas Rosoro, Pfc Cornelio :'lledalt>e, l'fe Pedro ForI;Jlareje, Pfe W1l110n Judal, Cpl :\~eeail Calloneo. ~~Y-AUGUST, 1963 A JICace and order confct·ence w:1<1 ht'\d at D1Hao City by Rrig Ge11 ltigoherlo J. Atienza, I\' PC Zone Com· manding GC'nernJ on G June 1963 ntkndt.>d by fl1nno Gol'eruor Vicente lluterle, Davno City .\layor ('.-.rmclo l'urras and different .\lunicipal :'11\tyors of l)a,·ao province. Arnon::r thOS(> taken up dm-i.ng the confe1-.ence were: .'\cqut~it ion of hjJ::"h·tlowered firearms for local tJolice, po· lice training, illt>gul fishing, ill~.~:-al slau!("hlt'r of cam. baos and al~<o b<!'ha,•ior of PC pl'rsonnrl in Oa,:.Jo. Sho"·n in ]Jicture ab<ne is Gen .\ti{'n:ta with Lt Col Celsu Song· cuya, Oal·ao PC tJrO\'inrial Commander, Provincial Board Secretary of Da\'ao provinct' and St'crel~1 ry of the ;\luJ1icipa/ Board of Davao City. ~t pl'ior to World Wat· II. As :m independent countr;· free to decide its own fate and fortune, we have to appreciate the realities of intNnational relations, parti(Uiarly the realitie!J of war. We huve to see thut neither war nor it..~ artenuuth is absolute. At most, settlements or terms that tu·e b0rn of victot·y or defeat in war are merely imerim al'l'angemcnts. Subsequent events may make enemies o( friends and vice \"ersa. A strategy that mny result in national extinction would be sheer folly. Survh•a\ with honot· should be the ob~ jective. As much as our resources will JJCrmit, let us can')' warfare, should it come ag:lin, awa? f1'0m our shores. We should build a strong, potent force in being and build our reserves. But a deep reserve force pu:~upposes the corresp<Jnding stockpile of materiel and munitions, tho existence of arsenals, annories, depots, and mobilization centers. Otherwise, the Citizen ARMY, the cqre of our reserve force, wiiJ remain just that even aftm· a stat· of emergency has been declared or at most, it may sene only as a pal·amilitHr~· f.Jl-ee with ~want weapons a:nd r:-quipment. W:u-fal"(' is n manr·fa<'etcd affair. Let us not f.:Ct carried nwnr by any single innovation or de\'ice, ot· by any new technique or doctrine. Uut let us have an e)'e fot· progress and devclopmf'nt. Let u,; assimilate new thinf{"s that come up whirh we find notewo1·thy in our (lefenl;e efforts. Let us ineVl'JXll'llte into our system new doclt·ines on warfare which will scr"e our purposes efficiently and effective!?. Finally, in our despair fa cut dowu on defense spcndinf{", we <'nnnot pos~ibly become too exceptional at· iso· lationist in attitude. Since collective securit? is an essential feature of modern time~, we hn\'e to conform with our defense partners in more wa}'S than <me. Our u!!C of modern weapons and techniques according to the collective ~tand:1rds is inevitable, Colledi\'e security is our best chance for survil'al in the p1·esent bipolar con~ flict. Paa.e 41 A Kingdom In A Democracy KING MALIFICH IS THE KING OF MOGMOG ISLANDS OF THE UL!THI-ATOLL GROUP Sh: Ulithians with the Assislllllt Provincial Commander PC Samar. These people "'ere ~>lranded from t'he Fasaroi Island of the Ulithi Atoll group, US Territory. On April 11, 1963 a group of Ulithians headed by Mr. Pedro Yamalmal sailed out of Fasarai Island in a banca. They were bound for Fais Island to buy tobacco and to barter food stuff. Unfortunately, however, a strong gale hit them. For three days the typhoon pounded their banca and torn to pieces its sail ~n°1:~!i:/l ~~~ific~" [~~fn~ 1~h:r:e~~~~i~;.y th~~ kept on paddling until they landed at San Julian, Samar, on May 3, 1963, tired and exhausted with nothing except water. The companions of Mr. Yamalmal were: Yabones Egwig, 40, single; Luis Yolores, 42, married; Joseph Yormar, 45, married; Pablo Hoseur, 40, married; and Menchor- Mavulfa, 50, married. Mr. Yamalmal is the only member who knows how to speak English, read and writ~; too. According to Mr. Yamalmal their ruler i~ King Malifich, the recognized ruler of the UlithiAtoll group, comprising the islands of Falolop, Fasarai, Asor, Lother and Mogmog. The King resides at Mogmog. This Kingdom has long existed. It is under the Yap island group district, with an administrator, and under the commissioner of Saipan. What is admirable in this Kingdom is that drinking, gambling and immorality are not tolerated. The King wields absolute power over his subjects, known as the Ulithian. They are all Roman Catholics and are provided by the King adequate education. Mr. Yamalmal further informed the Samar PC that all teachers there are native. The people grow rice, coconut, potatoes, papaya, squash, vegetables and tarro. They also produced tuba and the group Page 42 enjoyed very much our tuba in Samar. The only difference, according to Mr. Yamalmal. is the complexion, theirs is white. From their physical appearances, they are healthy, strong and sturdy. In spite of the 23 days without food, they still looked hale and healthy when they J;mded at San Julian. The first thing Mr. Yamalmal and members asked upon arrival at Camp Lukban, Maulong, was to request for a Catholic priest to say a thanksgiving mass for them for their safety. The American Embassy was informed of the fate of these Ulithians. They liked to go back home on their borrowed banca, which is about 35 years old, according to Mr. Yamalmal. They are now waiting for a word from the US Embassy and from the US Naval Station at Falalop island. Except for a few dollars and a navigators camp, these people are practically only with G-string like our own Igorots. Brig Gen Dominador F Garcia, Chief or Con•tabulaQ spearheads 1963 m~\ss blood donation drive in the PC at eeren~onies ~ld at the Officers Club, Camp Crame, on 16 April 1963, in coordination with Philippine National Red Cross, Quezon City Chapter offidal1. Photo ahow1 Gen Ga~ia being bled, while Red CrOM workers. members of t.he PC Ladies Club and PC Orfieer1 look oa. KHAKI & RED Care Of The Human Dentition By: Captain ROl\IEO C CASTRO OIC PeriOOonli.a SectiOn 1 t05th PC Dental Dispensary HPC, Cam11 Crame (Lust of a Series) It has boon pointed out in my first article about the importance of conserving the temporary teeth i11 v1e.v of th~ fact that this has a very imp.Jrtant bearing in the eruptiOn of the permanent ones. This matter should not be overlooked for the simple reason that the consequences nre immeasurable from the stand point of esthetics. The only saf~ plan, therefore, is the frequen<.:y of recalls for a period1c checkup until the full complement of the permanent teeth has erupted. It is therefore the primordial abject of this phase to emphasize to the oaticnt the importance of a need for judicious and carefUl advice>~ every now and then. BlPOUTANCE OF THE FIRST PEUMANENT ii!OLAU One of the greatest events in the life of a chilo is the eruption of the first permanent mola1· usuaiJy at ~is sixth birthday. These are four in number, one on cad side of both upper and lower jaw. They are considered one ·~f the most important teeth in the Dental Arch, on account of the fact that they are the largest, slt·ongest, and most effective weapon in the mastication of food. The loss ~f this can cause disarrangement of tl1e entire sets of teeth and can bring about a serious defect in the facial expression of the child. In other words, when U1~ first permanent molars are lost, the damage is irreparable unless corrective measure is made. When lost at early age, the normal set up of the remaining teeth is usually deranged by the falling backward of the bicuspids and the forward movement of the remaining molars. Nexl COMPLIMENTS OF ~o .fall out ..;Jf alignment is. the moving of the centra l~CISOrs away from th~ ~ed1an line cau~ing a space be~ \\een the two central mc1sors, thus senously dcstroyin[ the expression of the mouth. .ln. ?- family where .there is a considerable high sus· cept1luhty lo dental car1 es, the sixth year molars are a l• ready deeply decayed before the eighth year of the child In abc.ut mnety-fl\le percent (95% J of cases the loss ol the first molar is through decay. It is th~refore ;ug· gested that this should be filled up right away to preven~ .ts loss. During childhood period, generally speaking, parent£ do not know the presence ..;Jf the first molar when the child reaches the age of six. The truth is that they are prone to be neglected in view of the fact that these teeth etupt behind the temporary molars with-Jut their drop· Plllg ft·om t-he arch. Needless to say, there are no other teeth that are often lost f1..;Jm inattention other t-han the first permanent molar. l !lE,\L TOOTH BIWSHI NG - Every person young and old should be under the direct supervision of a dentist if he desires to maintain a high standard of mouth hygiene. The reason behind t!tls matter is quite obvious, because the individual raay 00 mo1-c hrum than ~;ood due to incorrect method 111. the use of the tooth brush. This presentation, therefore, is chO· sen with the belief that each person should be taught ~bout the correct technic until he has mastered it well. 'ftk m:~st ideal and simple device designi!d for cleaning the teeth is the tooth brush. It should be carefully selected to suit every individual need. As soon as thtl proper type is selected, it is placed in cold water for :. few minutes and the dentifrice of choice by the patient is applied to the bristle of the tooth brush. ·The teeth are then in an edge to edge bite and the brush is placed (Continued on page 78) UNIVERSAL SAILMAKER and GENERAL MERCHANDISE PATERNO SERDENIA Manager 1508-10 Felix Huertas, Manila Tel. 3-75-30 JULY-AUGUST, 1963 Pace 43 Philippine Constabulary Band It was 61 years ago when the original Philippine Constabulary Band was organized by the late Lt. Col. Waller H . Loving. Two years there! rom, that was in 1904, Governor General W. H . Tatt sent it to the St. Louis E.xposition, where it was extended, in recognition of its fine showing, the privilege ol altemating with the world's linesl. t)overnor Taft left the Philippines not long aftc1· the i·eturn ol the band to thi~ counu·y, but before finally departing, he had the band equipped with string instruments. In 1907, wneu t1e came back, no longer as civil govcmo. of this Islands bul as Secretary of War of the United States to inaugurate the Philippine Assembly he had the pleasure of hearing hiS brain child play as a band and then seeing it suddenly tran.:.lonned, in its entirety, into a symphon) orchestra. In 1909 when Taft was ch.:vated to the highest position within dlC gift of his people, a~ P1·es1dent of the United States, he did not Iorge. the Philippine Constabulary Band. Upon his election, he invited the Filipino military band to Washington and when the day came for him to march !rom the House ol the Capitol to take his oath of ollicc, it was to the Philippine Constnbulary Band that he gave the honor of escorting him. The Philippine Constabulary Band went to Amel'ica lor the third time in 1915 to take part in the Panama-Pacific Exposition. While there, it played itself into the beans ot the American peoplc once more and added luster to its name :...nd lame to the Filipinos as musicians. Cassasa, the renowned director of the Italian Band, which served as the official band ol the Exposition, ranked the Filipino military band among the World's greate~L On the occasion oi a banquet Page '44 at the cxponsition, Sousa, "King ol Marches" at that. time, did not hesitate to state in public that in his opnuon the best organi.::cd unit among the great bands of the world was the Philippine Lonstabulary Bane!. From March 1915 to the closing of the e;w;position, December 1915, the late Capt. hun. Navarro, :hen Sergeant, directed the band upon Col. Lovings .:..'\tended lc.:-tve in America. Equally elated by the exceptional showing of this younb Filipino Sergeant, President Manuel Quezon sought the Sergeant out. Resident Commissioner at that time to Washington, the impre::.sive, dynamic Filipino leader was on the way back to the Philippines with the Jones Law in his pocket. What he said when he met Navarro is something that should be recorded. "Navarro," he said ll1 eloquent Spanish, as he rocked 1!11.! hand of the b.!wildered Sergeant in a vigorous hand shake, " 1 heard a great deal about you ant, your band in Washington. 1 am greatly delightt:d to know that under your baton we have a band tho.t can stand side by side with the best they have in this Exposition. As soon as I get to the Philippines, I ~hall sec to il that you get your just reward." '· Shortly upon the band's return from th(! Panama-Pacihc Exposition, Sgt Navarro was commissioned Third Lieutenant, then he was designated to be the director of the band upon the retirement of Col. Lo\·ing. In 1917, Lt. Navarm (who was later retired as Captain) was succel.!ded by Lt. Jose Silos, as the third Directoi of the Band. After a year, Lt. Sitos left the senice and Col. Walter Loving was recalled to the PhilipKHAKI & R£0 pines ·to reorganize the Band. Caot. Alfonso Fresnido (then a Sergeant) was commissioned Third Lieutenant and was sent to the United States for further musical training. Upon Jm return to the Philippines in 1923, he was de4 signated the fourth director of the band. In 1938 Col. Loving was again recalled by President Quezon to prepare the band for its participation at the Golden Gate Exposition in San Francisco, California. As in its previous tours of America, the Philippine Constabulary Band won again the admiration ot the American people. The PC Band was not reorganized until 1946 when the Philippine Constabulary was yet known as the Military Police Command. Under the supervision of young but able Captain (then lieutenant) Jose M .. Campafia, the band was again put together and has since grown from the handful of musicians in 1946 to a ?~piece band in 1949. It had none of the pre4 war veterans of the band, for the few sw·vivors of the pre4 war organization was taken over bv other bands of the AFP. The new PC Band mav not be as famous as the old, but Capt. Campafia saw to it that the new organization followed the latter's glorious traditions. And as a fitting compensation to his tireless efforts and initia· tive, Capt. Campafi.a was promoted to the 1·ank of major on 1 June 1959. It is with deep regret however, that Major Campafia had to leave the service due to failing health. THE PC BAND TODAY 1st Lt Honora to S Pedro assumed command of the PC Band on 1 Oct 1962. Of the militar.) band conductors today, he is the only violinist in his own right. Young and good looking, he has quite a musical background. He started as a violinist in a conservatory of mu~ic, was a member of the Manila Symphony Orchestra, and had toured eight Southeast Asian countries with the _ Barangay Dance Troupe during the first Phil4 ippine Floating Exposition. His musical background is further satiated by the fact that he was enlisted musician for ten years under the able tutorship of Col Antonino Buenaventura. The son of a pre-war PC Band member, his assumption as commanding officer and conductor of the PC Band gave fulfillment to the lifelong wish of Col Loving, that officers and conductors of the famous organization should emanate from its members. PC BAND PERSONNEL 1ST LT. HONORATO S. PEDRO, DOL (PC) · CO & Conductor MSgt Leon M Clanor, INF (PC) Asst Conductor Piecolo B Flat Clarinet Sgt Benjamin 0 Villb.real SSgt Lauro E Buenaflor Flute Sgt Salvador P F'ederico Pfc Guillermo J de GUlman Sgt Lino C Peregl;na Oboe Cpl Jacinto Z Garcia Pvt Porfirio P Arbolado Cpl Ricardo G. Eusebio E Flat Clarinet Pic Rogelio H Cruz Cpl lrineo P Barbon Sgt Raymundo L Co\ocadD JIJI.YAAU&VST, 1963 - l lsi Lt. HONORATO S. PEDRO Cpt Mauro C deJa Cruz Pfc Romoo R Alejo Sgt Maximo M Roma Gpl Leonardo L Encnbo Cpl Mario D Ses::mte Alto Clarinet Sgt Conrado R Halili f'rt'nch Jlorns Cpl Alfredo C Bago Cpl Avelino P Mejico Jr. Cpl Alfredo A Medin.l Cpl Jlospicb P Colocado Sgt Bernardino S Calupad Trombones Bass Clarinet g~: ~l~~:~~~ ~ ~~~:sgo SSgt Iluminado 1\-1 Atajar Sgt Leonardo M Camantigue Bassoon Cpl Francisco G Mugel TSgt Pedro p Moral Cpt A~fredo S Alfonso Sgt Patricio E Big\a11gawa Eu11homum Sgt Em11eratro P Mejico Alto Saxophone Cpl Venus P Bote Cpl F~:>rencio C Porteria Ebsscs Cpl Roberto C San Pedro Cpi AmanOO C delos Santos Tenor Saxophone Cp\ Lamberto G Lozares Sgt Aladin M. Ramos Sgt Jose S Sifio Sgt Emelito S Vida Pfc Jaboco M Esteban String Bnsses Barit-one Saxophone Sgt C1·esencio !\1 Mateo TSgt Esmeraldo A Moral Percussions Cornets T Sgt Ricardo H Buan - SSgt Bienvenido F Matias Bass Drum & Cymbal Cpl Severino E Herrera Cp\ Edmundo N Palacao Sgt Bernardino delos S.:mkls :- Snare Drum 1 _ Sgt Crispulo S Camahalan T~gt Mer?pe G Leano Pfe Florencio D Manabat fympanl Sgt Faustino R Rodis Chief Clerk, Sui! & Fin Sgt Sgt Isid1-o I Roxas SSgt ConstnncKI S Cpl Uguideo .S Javier Madnrang Page 45 THE CONSTABULARY MAN ( Author l:nknown) no you know that careworn fdlo-.v IIIith slzouldn straps of red, With his woolen puttee le-ggins, Campaign hat upon his head ; Am/ whose suit of jaded khaki Shows of service in the brush, But ·whose calm ryes show the spirit That hardships cannot crush? CIIOR US 0/r, it's !toot man, hike man, Constabularv man; .-Is, half police a;l(/ soldier, 1/e does the bNt he can. He's alwnys in for fun or fight Am/ dot•sn't care a damn; Foot or mounted, wet or dry, Constabulary man. /lis belly may be em pty, And Iris pocketbook nlso; His clothes maybe are ragged, But his spirit's III'>Ver low. And when thFre's trouble brewitJg, Or the enemy's in sight; l"ou'll always find him ready Ami ·willing for a fight. Do his orders come at onr A.M., He's on his way by two. Tho's lacking rations for his men, He'll stay till he gels through. 1/e may bt.\ gone a week or month ' To Samar or t,. - well, Thr daily papers never learn What this ·young man could tell. Jllht n economy becomes the rry, Vou hear the people say, lVfl'll cut the P.C. strength in half, They'rr drawing too It/Itch pay, But when the cholera hits t.he tow11, A·nd the people are scared grew , It's flu P.C. man who's 011 the job Jf aintaining quarantine. He's a doctor and a lawyer And apot.hecary too, H e's a teacher and a padre Ami has other thj,zgs to do. lie's artillery a11d cavnlry, Tho' infantry tlu. more; HiJ's sure United Service ll1a11 - A membef1 of litis Corps. l owdown On Firearms S t-;<:1'10:\ I. IJefinition of Terms1. "Firearm'' or ;•arm" as herein used, indudes rifles, muskets, carbines, shotguns, J't'\'olvers, pistols, and all other de<~dly weapons for which a bullet, shot, shell ot· othe1· mi$iiile may bl.' di~ehar).(e<l by means of gun powder 01· other explosives. The tcnn also includes air tifles cxrept such a;: h<>in).( of ~m~1ll rnliber and limited rango which are used as l oy~. The ba rrel of ~\lly firearm ...-hall be comddered as a Nmplete firearm for all Jlurpo~c;: hcr·l'of (S<'('\ion 877, RAC). 2. T he wonl ;'ar111nunition" shall mean loaded shell h>r rifles, muskets, carbines, shotguns, revolvers, pistols :md all other deadly weapons from which bullet, ball, shots, shell or •.:~thn mis!<ile may be fired by mea ns of g-un powdf.'r or other explosives. The term also includst! mnmunition for air 1-ifle!< mentiont>d in this Sl'cl.ion (Sedion 291J, CA No. 4G6). SEC~rTO N II. l<inds of l.ict>nsE"s - T here a ro three kinds o( firearm licenses being issued, namely: I. He~: ula r Lict•nse - issued to pdvate indh•iduals, IJusim.·s~ firms or establishment>!, security andfor watchman agentiell for the use of its security g uards, in acPage 46 cord:1nce with Section 887 of the Revised Admini~trath·• Code; 2. Special Permit - issued to government officia l• andfor employees fo1· per, ona lly...:.wned fireat"lllS pursuant W Se<'tions 88t of the Re1•ised Administrative Code; and !l. Certificate of Reg-istration - issued also to ~rov­ crnment offiriuls :ontVor employees f.:~r governmentowned fire:trms in accord.-.nce with Seetion 879 or the Hcvised .Atlministrative Cotle. :St-~el'tUN Ill . Le,l!al Authority fo l88ue Lief'~ .­ The Chi<'f of ConstaUula•·y is uuthorized and directed to appro\'" and disapprove applieati-ans for personal, speeial lllld hunting licenses to possess fireaJ'Jlll! and ammunitions (Paragraph 15, Executive Order No. 8, dated January 21, 1919). XI-X.'TIO!" IV.. ltegular License - 1. A regular license to possess firearm may b!' i,;sued to an)' applicant at least 21 yearli of age, of good moral ehar<lcter, of !>'<)Uild mental and physical condition and who possesses the qualifica tion prescr ibed el.ewhere in this Section. No license shall, however, be is1ued to any dti:ten or national of any counll"J not ha\'ing diploKHAKJ" RED Capt Basas. CO 92nd PC Company, and his m('"!l tn.spec loose fir('oHm.~ s<'i?.ed by ~~ 11atrol un1ler Cpl. Tor!osa a! Barrio San J{oque, Hini~aran, :'\egros Occidenlfd. malic relation:; 11ith the l'ililippines. ~- Applic:tt:vn~ for regulaJ" license shall be cou1scci lhru the following offices fot· in\"CStigation :111d re<'ommendation: (a) Prtl"int·ial Governor and l't·ovincial Commande1 if applicunt is residing in the province. (b) City l\1ayo1· and Chief of Police, if applicant is a resident ..:lf Manila, Baguio or Quezon City. Residents of other ('hartered cities should course the1r applications thru the City ,\"layot· and Provincial Commander. 3. To Whom ltegular License )lay Be Issued: (a) Revolver or pistol license not he:wier than caliber .38 may be issued to the foil-awing: (1) A p1·oprietor 01· owne1· of ngricultural lands assessed at P30,00U.OU or more. (2) An administrato1· 01· overseet· of an agdcultUJ·.nJ laud nsse~;sed ut t>!lO,OOO.OO ot· mot·e. (3) A lessee •;)f government or pJ·i,·:tlto agricultural land, fi~hpond or 11asture land as~essed at P30,000.00 (4) A bu~inessman with an invested ('apital 'o' P30,000.00 Or more, realizing a gross sales of !"4,000.00 or mJre per business quarter. (5) A professional in the active practice of his profession who travels to i~olated places and/or ('arries large sums of money. (6) An official or employee of business firm!i holding responsible position who ll"ll\"els and/ or carrie~ lnrge sums of money. (7) A US :11·my or Navy veteratt pensioneJ' who has rendered active duty servke for at least 20 years and r«eiviug a pension for life of !"400.00 or more. (8) A retired EM of the AFP with at least 20 years of active service and rc('eiving a monthly pension for life. (9) A civil senice employee retil·ed under RelJublic Act No. 660. (10) A business firm or establishment for the use of its ·;)fficials andlot· employees. {11) A duly licensed watchman or security :lgency for the use of its security guards. (b) Fo1· caliber .22 pistol or revolver license, the qualifications are the same as those in paragraph 3a above, except the following: (1) For propet1.y owners, -or .ndministrator, or lessee, assessed ''alue of the propert}· it reduced from P30,000.00 to PlO,OOO.OO and JULY-AUGUST, 1963 {2) \-'or husiuc~snwn, the c:1pita\ in1•·. tmcnt i~ ;~~~o:~o ~~~2~:~~~~~ a~~,~~~~-gross sales or inNme, to (c) License for Low Powered Rifle, c.nlibre. .22, ,;holgun oJ· air rifle may be issued to the fo\Jowing: (I) A prop1·ictor or owner of ugricultural land, fi:.\JJ•Jnd, paHure land or timber land assessed at no ktis than :'l,JOO.OO. (2) An administrator, Jessee c.r vvcJsJt"r uf u;;:r;cultL::-al, fishpond, pasture land OJ" bmber land as,es~~d at •"l,OOO.UO or more. (3) A businessman OJ' merchant who pay; business taxes of P 30.UO a yeaJ· or who has un invested t·•lpilal of P1,000.00 or more. (4) An owner of a homestead actually culth·nterl I>Y him. , (5) A 1egular "school teacher of a public schv~i or institution re('og:nized by the government. (G) .-\ veteran of the AFP on COD status. {7) An employee receiving a salary of 1'200.00 a month ur more. (8) A US Army or Nuvy veteran pensioner J-ecdling at least P200.00 u month. (B) A retired EM of the AF'P with at least 20 ye:1rs of uctive service. (lGi Any applicant who possesses the requried <tualifications f•Jr revolver or pistol. 4. Persons who do not come within any of the foregoing .specifit"ations but who satisfy the ]II'Qper officials that they travel frequently in isolated places with considerable sums of m-Jney in connection with theil business or calling may likewise be issued a license to possess a firearm Jowet· than caliber .45. 5. Professional hunters and well known sportsmen may be !!;sued license for caliber .45 pistol or revolver or :wr high powered rifle. G. Every firea1·m applied f-Jr shall be test-fit·ed fOJ' ballistics examination and deposited pending appro\"al of ~he application. i. Upon approval of the application a firearm security shall be posted for each firearm before license is: issued. ....:,Jt, 8. Kinds of Firearms Securities: The law provides for two kinds of seeurities rer;uired vf prh·ate individuals, namely: (a) Surety Bonds issued by autho!"ized bonrl;,tg <•Jm1:anits in the amount of PlOO.OO for each firearm in favor of the licensee guaranteeing the safekeeping of :1 firearm. (b: Certificate of Deposit- Thi:re ore tw-a kin<is of Certificates of Deposit acceptable as security for a fir.!arm license. TJtey are {J) Firearm Certificate of Deposit for 1'40.00 issued by the 1'hilippine Postal Savings Bank, and (2) Certificate of Deposit issued by the Treasurer of the Philippines f.Jr government bonds. SECTION IV. SJICCial Permit - to possess a firearm undeJ· Section 881 of the Revised AdministJ·ativ, Code may be issued to any governm~:nt official or em· ployee to possess firearm in connection with the performance vf his offici~! duties. SEC. 881 of the Revised Administmtive Code provides that, any government employee can get any type of fu·earms on Special Permit. Reserve Officers in the Active Service may be granted possession pursuant to this JHOI'ision of Law. (Continued on next page) J. Pr~edure.-> in Filing J.pplication - (a) Witl1 the cxteption of the national a nd/or high government offficials, application for Special Pel·mit shall be coursed thn1 the following offices for in· vcstigation and recommendation: (1~ P rovincial Commander, if UIJJilicaJ l reside~ in tlle province. (2) Chief of Police of Manila, Que:..vu Cily u• lJaguio City if applicant resides in an) of these cities. (b) The application must be properly accomplished in P C F onn No. 8 and recommended favorably by: (1) Senate President or Speaker of tbe House, or respective Secretary of each body, for national officials and e1npk1yees in either body. (2) Provincial Governor, for provincial officials and employees. (3) City or Municipal Mayor, in case of local o!f1cials to include Barrio Lieutenants and/or Viee Barrio Lieut.cnunt.\1. (4) Bureau Head or Chief of Office, for :lppointive officials and/or employees. (c) The application shaH be supported by a copy of appointment, if appointive official or employee or Oath of Office, if elective offidals. (d) Firearm applied for shall be test-fired for bullistirs. 2. Procedure in the Collection of Firearms - (a) The Bureau Director or Chief of Office shall, upon separation, resignation, dismissal or retirement from the service of :my nppointive offici~! 01· employee, cause the permittee to sur render his or her firenn ll to the 11earest PC unit or Chief of Police ns the case ma y be, and notify the Constnbulary of such scpnration, re· signntion, etc., in order thnt appropriate steps may be tnken to insure collection of the firenrm (Executi\"e Order No. 186, dated February 11, 19;!9). tb) Upon expiration of the term of office of t he electh e official, the Provincial Commande1· or Chief -.r Polile, as the case may be, shall collect all firearms issued to him or registered in his name while ser\'ing his term. (c) Ex-officials nnd/ o1 · employees may file application UJl(Jer regular license to possess the firearm if thcv so desire, subjeet to the requil-ements in Section Ill hereof. (d) All firenrms and ammunition taken up from Philippine Trading Co. ESTABLISHED 1923 IMPORTERS - EXPORTERS Dealer in Firearms, Ammunition & General Merchandise Hoom 20i, luzoo Building, 360 David, .\lanila JOSE S. RODRIGUEZ Cable Address "Philtraoo'' Telephone: 3-25-62 Page·48 Manager Agencies: Davno City Butuan Cit y Jligan City Job, Sulu Baybny, Lcyte ~ffice_r and enlist~! men of the 94th PC Company under CaJ1Ia1n Art uro \. Andrada, Commanding OHieer, ex-officials and/o1 · employees shall be forwarded to Fl!:O within a Jlniod of sixty (60) dnys for deposit. If the fi1·en1m o1 · ammunition taken up is a go\"ernmcnl pl·-Jpertr, the nnme shall be deposited with the Account ahlo and/ o1 · Property Officer of the office concerned. 3. Hegular, Hetired and/or Reserve Officers of the AFI' nw~·. upon filing of necessary application be issued :Sp.,cinl l'<:nnit to possess pel"sonnlly-owned firearms, JllVVid<>d the following requirements al""C cJmplied with: (a) Applit<llions (PC Form No. 3) sha ll be • ~ursed thru and rc,eommended by thei!· respective CO"s, if applicant i-, in tho acth·e service. (b) If the applicnnt is Hetired OfCicer or Ueserve Offirc1· {in-aeth·e), the PC Fonn No. 3 s hall be prope rly accomplished nnd signed by the applicant , supJJOI-ted by n copy of the Special o roer of Retirement if reti1-ed AFP Offiee1·, and by General Orders of Com· mission and Certificnte of RAD that a pplicant is a member in good standing of the reserve force, AFP, if rescr\"eofficcr inthe inactive status. (c) J(eserve Officers in the inactive status below the rank of Captain, shaH in addition to the require - ments in parag raph b above, submit proof of their mea n; of livelihood. (d) Re~erve Officers both in ncti\·e duty or inactive slutus, may he :lllthorized to possCJ!s unde1· Special Permit the following firearms: (I) One official sidcam1, .45 caliber pistol or a Carbine caliber :w, or both at the discretion of the C, PC. ( 2) Additional firearms of t arget model only. (3) Sou\"enir firearms, provided tl1at the 11rms shall be first demilitarized ; and provided further !JJat nuy part removed in the process of demilitnrization shall he deposited with the PC. SECTION V. Certificate of Registration - I. Certificate of Registration under Seeti-.Jn 879 of the Re\"ised Administrative Code are issued for government-owned firearm. The1 •e are two kinds of Certificate of Regist111tion of Firearms being issued. They (a) Certificate of Registration (Long) issued to Pl...-.\"inl'inl, Municipal and/ or City Treasurers, Chiefs of Police, and gover11ment bureaus and offices. KHAKI & RED (b) Ce1tificute of Re:~islration (Short) issued to individual official or employee upon recommendation of their respective Bureau Heads or Chiefs of OCiices. .2. Procedures in filing application for Ce1·tificatc of Registration are the same as that of Special Pennit. SECTION VI. Misccllarwons MaCtcrs - 1. Change of domicile by licensee. - When a per~ son holding a valid license to possess any firearm or fireatms shall change his domicile, he shall, within 10 days thereafter, notify in writing the Chief of Constar bulary of such change, ilr he shall notify the Provincinl t.:onnnander of the province in which he takes up hi1 new residence, or the Chief of Police of the City, :u; the case may be, and the said Provincial Commander or Ch.icf of Police :.hall tl·ansmit such information tl the Chief 'ilf Constabulary (Section 890, Revised Adminis· tralive Code). 2. Duty of holder to exhibit license. - It shall be the duty of nny person holding a license to possess fire~ nrm or ammunition to exl1ibit such license whenever called upon to do so by a i'J·Jvincial Govemor, u. )·l officer. or peace officer, under penalty of having tlH' license l"t!\'Jked. (Section 898, l<e,·ised Administrative Code). 3. Annual insJle.tlion of Firearm held under lit:ense. - Every firea11n holder is required to prestnt his fire~ atm and license once every calendar year for verification to either the Provincial Commander, Chief of Police of Manila, Baguio or Quezon City, under whose ju1 it. dktion the licensee is residing (Section 897, Revised Ad~ mmistrative 0 Jde). 4. Wht!n a licensed firearm is l01,t. - (a) Any firearm licensee who loses his firearm OJ' falls to ac~·ouut for it upon proper demand, forfeits his tmml (Section \100-901, Hevised Administrnlivc CodeJ. li.JJ HoldHs of fu-earms under Spe.::ia\ Permlt or Ce-rtificate <Jf Registration who loses their fi1-earms arc penahzt!d by an admi111strative fine of P40.0Q for each t1reann lost (Exe<.:uti\'e Order 186, - 1949). (c) Only upon presentation of satisfactory proof showing lhat the firearm was destroyed or lost beyonJ n:asonable chance •Ji recovcty by any person and throug-.~ nu fault or negligence on the pa1·t of the license may exempt him !1-om forfeiture of h1s bond o1· payro~nt. ol administmtive fine. The holder who loses his fire~ arm lllay also lose the privilege of possessing another fireann aside from the forfeiture of his bond or fou..: (Section 903. Revised Administrative Coae). 5. Duration of a firearm license. ~ A personal license shuli continue in force until the death or legal Oisal.lHit)" of the licensee unle11s pa-ior thel"t!to, the licen.1e sh:lll be surrendered by him or revoked by aut~ority of the President (Section 899, ltevised Admini.$trative llodeJ. G. C.rr)'ing of Cirearms outside of rHidente. No person, except peace officers, .;hall carl"}' his licensed Jirearm outside of his residence without firSt scco.~n .•. a ••penuit to carr)" fireatm" from the Chief of Con:;\<, buiiU'J" or his dul~· authorized n:presentati\"e (Executi\"<:> Order No. 29!), as amendcJ, series oJf 1949). IULY.,\UGUST, 1963 The Police Service Dog Company n,. Captain ALBERTO C. RUJZ Commanding Officer The 1st Scout Dog Unit was activated and assigned to PATC, pursuant to Sec JI GO No. 196 as Scout Dog Training Center. Later it was re-designated as Scout Dog Training Unit eltectivc I July 1951. On the same date tt was placed under the command of CO, RTC, per Sec I I I GO No. 4 HAFPTC, dtd I Aug 5 I. The unit was the Pet project and brain child of the late Pres. Ramon Magsaysay when he was Sec~ retary of National Defense. Inspite of the unit's countless accomplishments in all Huk campaigns during the time, it was deactivated due to budgetary reasons. During the non~ existence of the unit for almost two years, ban~ ditry, criminality and lawlessness became ram~ panlt so Senator Eulogio Balao, the then Sec~ retary of National Defense, thought of adivating the unit to help solve and prevent the exist~ ing condition. The new dog unit was activated pursuant to Sec II GO No. 964 GHQ, AFP effective 1 June 1956, with designation as Scout Dog Pia~ toon (Separate). It is constituted as a unit of the AFP and assigned to PATC. Under its activation order, the Scout Dog Platoon (SDP) was organized and has an authorized strength per AFP TO & E 7~167R of two officers and 37 enlisted men. Capt. Alberto C. Ruiz, one of the organizers and the last commanding officer of the detunct Scout Dog Unit, because of his experience, qualifications and knowledge as an expert dog trainer, was designated the Com~ manding Officer and Organizer of the new dog ~L . The mission of the unit is to render Scour Dog combat support to Infantry units and its capabilities are to train Scout Dog teams for sentry, scouting and patrolling, tracking and (Continued on next page) Page 49 a ttack duties. After two months of existence of the newlv organized dog unit, Capt Alberto C Ruiz, and two EM were sent to the United States and Canada to study and observe Rural Police Technique, specializing on Dog training on both basic and ::,pecialized Dog training for police work. They wc1 ·e sent under the ICA-NEC. Capt Ruiz arrived in the Philippines with 12 selected dogs from the United States-6 bloodhounds, 4 German Shepherds and 2 Doberman Pinschers. ORGANIZATION The company is composed of one officer and thirty four (34) enlisted men. The company is commanded by Capt Ruiz, the only expert war dog trainer in the country today. By nature, a dog lover and fancier he was called to active duty in the milita ry service through the instance of the late President Magsaysay when he was still the Secretary of National Delense. Capt Ruiz had a ttended various Police Service Schools in the United States and Canada. EM personnel arc also competent dog handlers and masters. They were selected from the former old unit and retrained properly to keep them proficient in dog handling. There are a r present 14 dogs assigned with the company. They are organized into dog teams. As per TO & E of this unit, a team is composed of two dogs, one tracker and one a ttack dog with 3 EM, two as handlers and the other one as team leader and assistant dog handlers. Men and dogs when not on actual duty in the diffe~~i1nt~fn ~h~i~s a~~eui~~~nk~o\~j~~fgei1~t~iJfta~~ duties and police work. TYPES OF DOGS AND CAPABILITIES. Presently the unit has three b1 ·eeds of trained dogs for both the militar.v and police work, the Bloodhounds, German Shepherd, and Doberman Pinscher. The bloodhound which consists the bigger number of the canin\! force is considered the best and more reliable when it comes to tracking fugitives or criminals. As a matter of fact the pure breed bloodhound is the only breed that is accepted and recognized in most law courts in the States. Although much is done in these days by the use of scientific mechanical aids to put the PC soldiers in a position of superiority over the criminal it would be foolish to ignore the special qualities of a dog which can provide such powerful and skilled aid to man. Just the presence of a bloodhound in a community helps greatly. It prevents and lessens criminality. This breed is the first of its kind in the Philippines. ln action you would be surprised to see them almost plowing up the. ground with their square nose in pursuit of their quarry. On the other hand, the unit has German Shepherd and Doberman Pinscher best qualified for sentry, scouting and attack duties. These breeds are teamed up with the bloodhound during operations. Page 50 SENSE OF SMELL The nose is perhaps the dog's most import~ ant weapon. A dog sense of smell is more highly developed than that of human being Thi~ is one rea~on why dogs are very much su: penor than ordmary team of soldiers used in the field of operations. The dogs could be used for tracking by the direct scent from human sweat deposited on the ground from feet or through tootwear, and by scent caused through presb~~~gh~ t~~;:~~~~e 0~£ ~~~i!~~~~~~o~~~il: ;~~ up and follow a ground scent, or can be trained I<? search quickly a wide area and will certainly ~hscover persons hi~ing in the vicinity by pil::kmg them up thru dtrect scent even if they are concealed in dense vegetation, or up in a tree. An example of this could be seen during the dramatic capture of escapee Isauro Reverente by the PC dogs bloodhound Gypsium, Joe, and Leonie. Reverente, the master-mind and the most notorious among the 14 escapees who bolted the provincial jail of Nueva Vizcaya, was able to escape after an encounter with PC soldiers. It would be impossible for the soldiers to track him down, as the area is wide, mountainous and densely vegetated. The dog teams, under Capt Ruiz, which were then operating in that province against the escapees at the time, were notified. The dogs were brought to the scene where the escapee was last seen. In no less than 15 min· ~t~iv~h~f q~ab[% ;~k, f~Jonn~ ~he ~~~d~0;l ain:!c;; thickly vegetated area. Without the use of dogs, ~~~b~bl~e \~~~~~~d ta~.~e e~d;n~:~~d cur~u~~~ ~~~perty. SENSE OF HEARING Dogs also have an acute sense of hearing, their ears being attuned to higher and pointed noise than the human ear. In this case, dog's senses of smell and hearing are complementary, though smell remains the most potent weapon. Vaptain Uuiz is shown in above photo briefing memben of t'he dog team during exercWe training a t Dllimu, Quezon City. INTELLIGENCE No dogs can be successful at police work without a lucky intelligence. This could be revealed or noticed during the course of training, that a good dog will show a keen interest in its work. OTHER USES OF DOGS. PC dogs are used to retrieve buried weapons, stolen properties or articles abandoPed bv robbers and thieves. These are used for evidence in courts. They are also used for demonstration for psychological effect. niAINING. The purpose of basic training are as follows: a. To develop in dog's behavior what is basic to more specialized training for specific tunctions. b. To determine the specific military function for which each dog should be trained. c. To simultaneously teach specially select· ed enlisted men to train dogs. The basic training involves training on leash the following: Hell, Sit, Down, Cover, Stay, Come, Crawl and Jump. After the dogs are already proficient on the aforementioned exercises, they would be taught of leash on same exerdses. The_ dogs are also taught on accustoming to muzzles riding on car , gun-fire, crossing rivers, etc. The basic training of dogs has no place in the military program. It serves simply to develop in dogs the behavior essential to efficient and effective training for military functions. The dogs that have successfully completed basic training are disciplined, prepared to absorb instruction of a specialized nature. Their behavior on basic training is an indication of the type of specialized training for which they may be best suited. Basic training of enlisted men Serves similar purposes. Under the specialized training, the PC Dog Unit concentrates its activities more on training the dogs on tracking and attack, and of course on police works. The basic training covers eight weeks, and five weeks for the specialized training. But in the case of the bloodhounds, their training is just the reverse of the above procedure. They arc trained to specialized trammg, 11rst tnt.: tracking and later on the basic. EMPLOYMENT. The use ot" war dogs is not a new pract1ce. Even in ancient times the Greeks and Romans started using war dogs. The German Army employed no less than 30,000 war dogs during World War I as sentry and messengers. The Philippine Constabulary uses these war dogs in tracking down criminals, such as escaped convicts, murderers, hold-uppers, cattle rustlers, Huks and the like. Like the PC, when it was still under the Philippine Army, which contributed much in the Huk campaign in Central Luzon, the Police Service Dog Company had IULY·AUGUST, 1963 already contributed its worth in the maintenance of peace and order. Late in July 1957, after completion of training of EM and war dogs, the company started dispatching dog teams to different parts of the country. Even some municipal police forces took advantage of the use of dog teams in the solution of crimes in their respective municipalities. FollowinA are a few important accomplishments of the Police Service Dog Company. I. Capture of 14 escapees from the Provincial Jail of Nueva Vizcaya, 20 Apr 58. Capt Ruiz with three bloodhounds, Gypsium, Leonie and Joe, were awarded the Military Merit Medal. 2. Capture of Carlos Gocela, alleged killer, in Ccbu City 9 Sept 58. 3. Capture of Narciso Disoso, alleged murderer of Justice 0f the Peace Fedenco Gap•; san of Ilocos Sur, 13 Oct 58. 4. Capture of Fernando R<tcena, alleged murderer of Gregorio Roder of Jlocos Sur, t3 Oct 58. 5. Recapture of Bureau of Prisons escapees by leading PC troopers. 6. Early apprehension of Anderson FiiAmerican Guerrilla (AFAG) leader Pedro Borja by leading troopers to his hideout, from I Jan to 1 Feb. 59. GREETINGS To The PHILIPPINE CONSTABULARY On Its 62nd Anniversary Compliments From KEG'S ENTERPRISES 11\IPORTCR-IItANUFACTURER-REPhCKER AND DE"\LER OF STATIONARY, COI\STHUCr10N MATERIALS, GENERAL MDSE. AND AUTO SPARE PARTS JOSEPH QUE-SANCHEZ Manager 229 Haig St..., Mnndaluyong Rizal, Philippines Tel. 636-13 Page 51 I FIREARMS Questzons and Answers (l'rintcd her('u11tlcr are cxceqll.s of a question and answer of a radio-lclc\·ision in!cn•iew o!' Major Ahela rdo L. Lalan~. rl<'tJUty and cxccnth·e officer of the Firearm~ and Explo!<ives Office ill'arli}Uartcrs PhiliPtlinc Cunslal:HIIary, for possible guidance of the Pt.blic). The R~\"ised Administrative Code empowers the 1'1'"· sidcnt of the l'hi\ippinl's to ~rant licclll'f'S for f il'carms to t..:scn•inlt" and qua lified individual provided they arc: (1) Of lef(";!l aA'e (2) With no criminal rerord (3) Nc<'d· ing fireanns for the protection of life ana propcrl.y. Pursuant to E xecutii'C Order No. 8 series of 19H). the President delegated the power to grant licenses for firearms to the Chid of Constabulary. Regulations were to be promut~atcd by him, subject to the aJ>IJroval of the i'M'sidcnt. Aa a consequence the FEO w:•s organized. Thl' misswn, therefore, of the f'I!:O is the cnforcemeni of t he fireanns laws. Its functions are the following: 1. To process applk ations for fireanns, <!mmunllion and cxplosh·cs, for recommendation to the i:hief PC; 2. To issue licenses after the application had been :·pproved; 3. To intensify the c01lection of loose fir~'.'lrms; 4. To supervise .'lnd control all licensed fil'Oa'"ms t.include those held by Watchman and Security ngencies, Fireanns dealers, Gun Clubs, Fireworks manufacturers, Explo.lih·es dealers and Manu'!'acturers, 5. To account for all registered firearms in the country by instituting different and various control measures. The'"e 11rc 11bout 400,000 license!' in the Philippinl:'s today a nd we nre receiving between 200 ro 251) new applicants da ily. To he able to cope up -:..·ith this ~igantic t..'lsk and responsibility, the FEO is organized into five branches: 1. Administrative branch - it takes care of internal office administratkm and includes the Records Sec· tion, the Message Center and Administrative Section, 2. Intelligence find Investigation Branch -it takes care of covert and oYcrt surveillance of loose firearn11< and illegal explosives. It also takes care of the annual '·erificn.tion of firearms. Thet·c is a plfln also to add the Prosecution Branch, where !'earch Wa!Tants and warrants of :>rrcst arc procmed from the Courts of Justice, and serYed. Pt-.)secution of cases for illegal possession of firearms and explol'i\"Cs mfly also be undertaken. 3. Operative Branch - this is where applications are rcceiv<!d, brie(ed and p:·occssed and sent to chief PC for :~pprovnl. Upon approval, licenses arc issued here. Thi!l Oranrh als·o takes care of the inspection and superl'i!::on of l~ire:u"ms dealers and Manufacturers, Gun t:luh. Walchmfln und Security agencies and Firewom .. factories. I. Supply Brunch - this includes the Storage Sec· tion, 13al\istics Section, In-Storage Mflintcn::mce Sedion and the Receiving and Shipping Section. 5. Last, but not least, is the Management Branch which takes care of planning, policy-making in the training of personnel of the FEO. To supplement this, a\! Provincial Commanders of the PC, to include the Chiefs of Police 0f ManilH, Quezon City and Raguio Citr, as~!~t in the r-ontrol •JJ firealms and explosives by conducting verification and in· vestigation (in case of ap;~lication) and they enforce tha fireanns laws. Permit to carry firearms outside residenrc are also i!lsuPd by Pl'()vinrinl Commanders to dePage 52 serving licensee, pursuant to policies of the Chief of the Philippine C0nstabulary. 1. What is verification of firearms and what an! the requirements of firearms holders? .Answtr: Verification of fit-carrns is the pres.cntati•m of the license and firearms of a licensee one~ per year as required by Sec 897, Revised Administrative Code to •aok into whether the licensee is livin~t nnd still qu:llified, whether the firearm still exists find whether the sut·ety bond premiums and BlR taxes arc pnid up to date. 2 . What are Permits to Carry Fircanns Outside Residence? Answer: They are the authorit.y given by the PC to authorize license holdet·s t o carry their fireanns out· side residence as provided by Executh·e Order 290 as amended by E xecutive Order Nos. 294 und 296. 3. During this election ban, who arc exempted from this requirement and wh;, m~o~y be authorized to llc issued Permits to C:~ny ? (Continued On page 90) GREETINGS To The PHILIPPINE CONSTABULARY On Its 62nd Anniversary Compliments Fr·om KHAKI & RllD Representaliv(' of the Auditor General in th<' PC Tomas Sebastian (fift'h from left, front row) and office ]1ersonnel. As "Watchdog" .of go,•ernmcnt funds an1l prOtlC'rties. The Office of the l{cpr-es ontnth·e of the Auditor t;etwrotJ lil 1111' l'hiliPtlinc Constabulary is char~ with the audit of all accounts, disbursemeuts, properties a nd oth{'r finand:d 1\lit-.s MARIQUIT SOLDIAN PC :\lu"c 1962-63 AFP Little Olympics JULY-AUGUST, 1963 matters by se<>ing to it that they are legal!; CJo:fJt:t;r!ed for legitimate pUfJH~se or IIUl"IIOsc;, :1s Pl"etcribcd hy law and by maintaining adequate and efficient contrul of tHth· lie fund~:~ and rettdering records thereon for the infunnation of the general public. 1\lajor Jaime F', Villafuerte, Cunstabulary Chief of Special I ~lervices, presented to Brig. Gen. Dominador F. Garcia, Chief uf Constabulary, the PC Tennis lt'am '.tfler corping the <Over-all tennis championship in connection with the recently concluded Philippine-American Tennis Tour- ~ nament - Sangley Point Na,·al Stati<On, Cavite. P~GC 53 Greetings. to the Philippine Constabulary on its 62nd Anniversary ... From: Estacio's * TAILORING * HABERDASHERY * "THE CHOICE of MOVIE STARS" 2237 Legarda, Sampaloc, Manila Tel. No. 3-11-67 Stage - Movie - TV - Radio Section Juvy Ca~hola of Snmpaguita-YP Pictur('s Page 54 l•:ddic Gulierr('z and Susan i{oces of !-'<lllliJ<~guil',l - \' 1' l'iclurt'!'; n ... rr l.l\ l:oy Jr. of SampaguitaYP Picture>< KHAKI & RED Vic Vargas of Sanwaguita-VP l'iclt. n·, Rumen Vasquez enacts on lh<" <oereen U.e true-to-life story of Lt Fabian Vet" of the PC Dt<tac.hment lllth, named Tiger Unit, He 1<:-ads a luwdrul of men in many unsurmountable enwnnters against the enemies JULY-AUGUST, 1963 manca Gomez of Sampaguila-VI' Pictures TIGER UNIT Sli'lla Suarez, as Commar.der i.iw• \wa y, a rur,-gcd and des1rabl~ Huk amazon, in a romantic Peen lll'ith Homco Vasquez, as Lt Fabian Ver. One of the breathless situation~ in ZULTAKA INTERNATIO'SAI ·g TIGER UNIT Teroy de Guzman, one of top per· forme rs of stage, screen & radio. Rod Na~rro as Jose[)h Ri}!;.tt·t:~ Jr., and one of the u.ndaunt~:d PC !ffl!diers who joined th" fanHlU"' Tiger Unit in many untold battles. A Zultana International jlroduction, directed by Armando Garces. Page 55 Ilia sa mga. nakahihindik na tagJIO sa "GABI NG LAGI.M" sa DZRH-TV Channel II. Hindi lamang iilang kasaysayatl ang ginlJ.mpana.n ni Bb. Caridad Pavico sa dulang Gabi Ng Lagim lalo't ang papel na gagaJTipanan ay isang vampir.a. Ma!)3panood Vlg dulang ito, "GAB! NG LAGL.M" sa DZRH-'f\' Channel II tuwing Miyerkoles sa ganap rm ika-walo ng gabi. Sinulat at pinamahalaan ni FROJLAN VILLEGAS. Picture taken during the inter-unit BrasketbeiJ Tournament held at HQ III PC Zone Basketball court recently. Page 56 Greetings To The Philippine Constabulary on its 62nd Anniversary Compliments From AMBASSADOR Productions, Inc. Zaldy Zshornaek- Perla Bautista- Carlos Salazar Pugak, Etang Discher, JQse Vergara & Rita Gomez in Pablo Gomez's "CARA CRUZ" (Serialized in Hiwaga Kon1iks) Direction: CHAT GALLARDO CENTER THEATER - AUGUST 12 - 18 COMING PRODUCTIONS, DATING PUSAKAL- PITONG TERITORYO BATANGUENO MEETS WARAY - BUTANGERO I Newly elee~ officers of the HPC Enlistedman'a Club for 1963, from left; (seated) MSgt Leva., C - Bus l'tlgr; M:-:lgt Ver, F - Bd Mbr; FSgt Clamor, S - Bd 1\tbr: MSgt Javier, B - Bd l\lbr; MSgt EM:ashWI, F - Club Preflident; FSgt Malonzo. T- Vke President; Mag Cunanan, M - Bd Mbr; l'tlSgt Tubiera, B - Secretary; TSgt Argarin, C - Bd l'tlbr, Standing from left: SSgt Odoiio. G - Sergeant--at-Arms: TSgt Oabigon, M - Bd Mbr; MSgt Maballag, l'tl - Bb Mbr; TSgt Remos, T - Audi· tloT; SSgt Muiloz. C - Treuurer; and not in the picture MSgt Aquino, F - Bd Mbr; l'tlSgt lban'a, I - Bd Mbr; U\d TSgt Berja:y, T - SerJ'Mllt-at-Arms. KHAKI & RED Look around you Yov con see and feel the throbbmg qJOwth of the country and the dcfrrntc conTrobuttons Cohex tS making m thrs pollern of growth. In the Colle ... Refinery (the ftrst in the Phdtppmes) ... rn The ever-improving quohly of rts products in the ever-growrng nerwotk of Col tell terminals depots, and servtce stations oil of them ~elttng the pace foro beller way of life This rs the rccogntzed mark of leodershrp. YOU'RE AHEAD WITH CALTE~ JliLY·AUGUST, 1963 Page 57 Page 58 KHAKI I< RED THE PHILIPPINE CONSTABULARY GENERAL STAFF Col ANGEL P LEGASPI Deputy Chief PC Col LUCAS V CAUTON Chief of Staff Col ESMERALDO R LAZARO AC of S, Cl (top panel, left to right) Col FRANCISCO 1\1 JIMENEZ AC of S, C2 Col DELFIN E ARGAO AC of S, C3 Lt Col PEDRO G JAVIER AC of S, C4 Lt Col ONOFRE T RAMOS AC of S, CS (lower panel, left to right) JULY-AUGUST, 1963 Page 59 Page 60 Brig Gen ISM I! EL D I.APUZ I PCZ Col ALJ<'Oi\"SO P I~ALENCIA Ill PCZ ZONE COMMANDERS Brig Gen FLAVJANO P OLIVAUES II PCZ Brig Gen RIGOBEUTO J ATIENZA lV PCZ KHAKI & RED tl'. , B~J l\IABUGAT Col ?n~~!~r Genera!, PC UNITS O E SAUCO SEC MARISTEJ.A & CO SEPARATE Col AVE;I~ PCS Col JO Chiof, CIS SPECIAL STAFF Comm'n '"' Co! ELADIO S~A SAMSON c. JULY-AUGUST, 1963 Page 61 Page 62 Col NOBERTO B l\fENINA Chief, Dental Surgeon Col JOSE D REGALA Chief, Trafcon Col ABELA ROO C TEA:NO Surgeon General Lt Col JOSE M J ZULUETA Chief, Finance OHicer KHAKI " RED Lt Col D.-\YIIl C A\' ENTLTH ADO Camp Comdr & CO, HHSB & IIPC IULY·AUGUST, 1963 Page 63 Page 64 Lt Col EKRTQUE S FILART CO, CSH Lt Col 00.\II NAOOR DE YEIU Chief Chaplain Lt Col ALFONSO A CALDERON Chief, CRO Lt Col ANGEL i\I NAIG Const Chief Ord Officer KHAKI & RED Lt Cui Ai\L\00 G l t O:'IIIi-: Chuirm:~n, PC-SMG Ll Col BF.XJAJII~ G TOLENTi i\"0 Commander, I'G B JVLY·AUGUST, 1963 Lt Col PEDRO L DEL IWSARIO Chief, PCCSP Lt Col CAHLOS n HIO.S Adjutant General Page 65 Col FAUSTO S TADY Comdt, PC-ROTC, PCCr. i\faj PEIU'ECTO V EUGENIO Chief, OIA '11 l_ __ Pag~ 66 .Uaj JADIF. F VILLAFIJERTE Chief, Special ::iervices l\l'aj GALICAK0 :\I l.ACHJCA Chid, CamD Engin!ler KHAKI & RED i - -.(1""',A 1\Taj CLEMENTE D APUYA CO, 1105th Dental Dispensary l\11. SEGUXDINO PE BF.'-:ITO Chief Accountant, PC JULY-AUGUST, 1%3 :\lai :'IIA:'\'UEL C RAMOS Officer-in-charge, Rep! Det Mr. TOMAS J) 8"jRM\TIAi\" Chief, HAG PC .Page 67 )laj AXTOKIO U BRIOXES ChiPf, l'CCL Cn!ll E LTG !~X IO 1\ SATL' I{l\"INO CC., Const Patrol Co . ......... -"Page 68 CaJII \'ICEXTE L UABAO Chief, PIO CaJit .ALBEH'I'O C RUIZ CO, Police S(·rvice Dog Co. KHAKI & RED Capt BERNARDO A LIGANOR HPC Dct Comdr Capt BIENVENIOO G SONGCO CO, Cavalry Troops, PC JULY-AUGUST, 1963 1~ : 1..t HONORA TO S PEDRO CO & Conductor, 2nd PC Band lsi Lt EDGAIWO M ABENINA CO, 145th PC Co. ---Page 69 _ _, i'!laj ERr\'ESTO LLr\:IL\ S Gept & Ex-0 HIISO (aJH APOLI:\ARIO H DE GUZMA:\ l'os!. Finance Of!irer C':llll DO:'III XGO Y G.\RC I.\ ro, HSBn Df't C'.lpt TIIEUIO T GARUCHO C•ndt, PC-ROTC Lyceum Capt JWG ELIO C YXSON CO, HHCo, HSB 1st Ll t\ GrSTL\ \' :\IATF.O .-\SO C'p Sup, HHSB & HPC C.tpt CARLOS D MAN ALO CO, Tt·ans & ;\Jaint 0:~. Catll SE!lAI'IO'\ G ) IAGALLA'NES ,JO, Signal Service Co. l <~t l.t RICAIWO .\1 SILVERIO Arlj & S.-1 H HS B .From left: lsi Ll S S Umndha,-, Dep & Ex-0: Q\pt T Garudto, Comdt: C111 R \' i\lariiias, PC-ROTC Comdt: SSgt N G Gojo, in-charge of Intelligence, Training & Operations, 1st Lt RODRIGO B GUTANG Operations Officer, HHSB JULY·AUGUST, 1963 Ge11eral Santos Thanks Senator Balao REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES ARMED FORCES OF THE PHILIPPINES Camp Murphy Senator Eulogio Balao Chairman, Committee on National Defense and Security Senate of the Philippines Man i 1 a My dear Senator Balao, July 2, 1963 The bill which you sponsored on the floor of the Senate, raising the rank of the ::hief of Staff, Armed Forces of the Philippines, has just been enacted into a law. This law which, ir1 effect, has given honor and prestige not only on whoever is at the helm of our military organization but on the country's armed forces, is indeed an achievement that you can rightfully be proud of. For this effort, besides the many other laws you authored granting benefits to veterans, retirees and present members of the armed forces, you truly deserve our warmest congratulations and heartfelt grafitude. We, your comrade-in-arms, will be forever f~~~~!~{ f~rtl~~~effai~n;f ~}.~c=~~:~dfodr~~~ personnel, their dependents and widow~. On my part as the incumbent AFP Chief of Staff, I feel honored and privileged to be the recipient of this promotton. It is with a deep feeling of humility that I express to you and your colleagues my most sincere gratitude for this rare opportunity afforded me; and it is with a firm resolve that I accept the challenge of the responsibility imposed on me. Reiterating my deepest gratitude and my highest esteem and warmest personal regards, I am as ever, Very sincerely yours, (Sgd.) ALFREDO M SANTOS General, AFP Chief of Staff Page 71 Personal or Jlq Surigao Sur PC with members of the Tandag PC Detachment. HOW TO MEET. is more of a torture to the guards who are assigned to find booby-traps in them. While waiting, you might as well start rehearsing what you intend to say to the Presi· ~ent. For your benefit, here are some ques· hons most often asked whicn jou may find applicable to your particular case: . . Do Yc;>U have a. gripe against a public offtctal? Dtd you bnng along that application for loan which has not been acted ufon after filing it up last 1961? What extent o damage has that flood caused your Helds which the papers reported to have been paid for with the release of P 1 million from the calamity fund of the President? How many years have you been squatting on the land which you now want to own? Why do you think should the Presi~~n~~~\~~~~ ;~ut~~~s ~fb~;~f? November? Why All at once your heart starts to pound a little faster than usual, your legs a little shaky, as you rehearse your line. Don't think aloud. You may be pulled out of the line to join the three cranks already mentioned before. "Next ten, Number forty.one to fifty." That will be your cue to go up. Remember what you just rehearsed. More eyes will b.e on you as you go up - Security men. Now, !~n~eh0lo~~e :!~:,dJ ~"n~a~~~~~~fa~~ Y~he n;;~h~ paintings, chandeliers and ornate center tab,e at the Reception Hall, the thickly carpeted tloors and the vie wof Malacafiang Park across the Pasig River. After all, Citizens Day may be good only for a few years unless there is such a thing as a reelection. This is your only chan~~~o a~nl~;t,~b~~~~f3~ntt What are you suppose to tell him. Don't hesitate. Go ahead and shake his hand. You can even cry for added effects. Now you know why you're dressed just about right for the occasion. For before you is somebody in blue Page 72 ' 1pag-asa" long-sleeved polo shirt and rather drab, crampl~d old pair of light gray pants. . After seemg him, take a slip of paper he wtll hand you and see the person he tells you to ~ee. T~is perso':l, glamoiously called Preside~ttal Asst~tant, wtll be hanging around. Hand Jum the shp and to him, again, pour out your problems. This .time you are asked more questIons and you giVe more answers. There are a~>aut twelve persons to see, depending on the ~md of problem you have. Thus, if you need a JOb, there are four assistants ready to draft you for EEA membership. If you need aid there's the fretty Social Secretary and her staff to. ~elp. I . you are a serviceman, there's the Mtlnary Assistant, and so on. After meeting t.he President in his study ~~Jl. ~h~;:a;:~:i~~n~/hd~~5h pt;e~i~=~~~oh~!~ lam m state and newly accredited ambassadors to the Philippines are received formally, then go down to the Social Hall and into the lawn and out through the Executive Building. . You leave Malacafiang feeling somewhat reheved of a g.rave problem like one coming out of a confessional box after a long confession. Then perhaps from out of this refreshed feeling you may fumble a few thoughts on this visit to 1he President . "It may not matter now whether my problem will be solved or not. The fact that I, Juan de Ia Cruz, met the President and let him listen to what I have to say without having to tag along a Congressman or a Governor, or to haggle with the Appointments Secretary - who seems to know all the reasons for keeping me out any. way - that is already something to be proud about." Well, these instructions were given for the benefit of those who wish to meet a President. It is quite clear. The leg work is all up to you. Brig Gen Dominador F Garda, Chid of Oonatabulary, welcomes Congressman Floro Crisologo during his visit to Camp Crame. Photo shows (left to righl) Colunel t-;:;~,:!,BP~r!f~; (i~e~ivf;!)~d ~I ~u~~~id C~~! entundo, Camp Comdr and CO, USB, PC. KHAKI lo RED J'C-CUMELEC CONFAB -- Top officials of the Commis- ing as illegal the appointment-s of special, confidential and sion on Elections and the Philippine ConaWbulary met in secret agents by provincial governors and ma)''Ors. The 8aguio City recently to thresh out plans to enaure peace- conferees. hearted by Brig, Gen. Domin~dor F. Garcia, PC ful and orderly elections in November, Photo shows Maj. chief, and Comelec Chairman Juan Borra agreed to contiuenaventura Fernandez, of the PC jt1dg\! advocate office, trol the issuance of firearms to said agents as one of the standing at right, reading a Malacailang circular decbu· measures to tms!IN. pea~ful and orderly elections. ---000---Date of l'elease: June 24, 1963 This Calendar supersedes the Calendar released on January 10, 196:S. Republic of the Philippines COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS Man i I a CALENDAR (Revised) For The REGULAR ELECTION OF ELECTIVE PROVINCIAL, CITY, AND MUNICIPAL AND MUNICIPAL DISfRICl' OFFICIALS AND OF THE EIGH1 SENATORS TO BE HELD ON NOVEMBER 12, 1963 First Day of Registration Registration shall commence at 7:00A.M. and shall dose at 7:00P.M. Sees. 101 and 108, R.E.C.) The board shall accomplish the following on this day: Sept. 28 ap~·e;~;s~~ :J:! ~9~1esli~~ ~: ~~::~ to the current list, except those excluded under No. 2, if any; 2. Exclude the following from the 1963 list of voters upon motion of any member of the board or any elector or watcher; (a) Those who have applied for the cancellation of their regiatration; (b) Thoae who died; (c) Those who did oot vote in 959 and again failed to vote in 1961; JULY-AUGUST, 1963 Sept, U (d) Those who have been ex- Seventh eluded by court orders; Saturday And after summons to the voter before in caae of election (e) Those who have become dis· day. abled or disqualified; and (f) Those who do not exist. Should the board deny the request or fail to act thereon within three days, application for cancellation or exclusion may be filed with the proper court or with the Commission on Elections. (Sec. 104, R.E.C., as amended by R.A. 867.) 3. Register new voters personally appearing before the board who have all the qualifications and none of the disqualifications of a voter and are bona fide residents of the precinct where they are applying. (Sec. 59, R.E.C., as amended by R.A. 8G7 and 2242, and Sees. 98 and 99, R.E.C. Acts Prohibited on This Day ch~i~s~~ati~~~lf~~ o;~n:S: (~.s~flin~;Ed~~king, or dispensing! intoxicating liquors, (Sec. 52 (a), R.E.C.) , 3. Establishing in any polling place or within a radius of 30 meters thereof, booths of any kind for the sale, Seventh dispensing or display of wares, mer- Saturday Sept. 2F chandise or refreshments, whether before p:~~ (Se~~~b)~ ~~~-~y other pur·jd~e;~ion Page 7.4 4. Cockfights boxing, horse race~, ~ or any other similar show. (Sec. 62 (ei: ~~~~i,~g deadly weapons in the S fe:;j~lth Sept. 28 polling place or witilin a radius of b!f~~e Y 30 6~E\~~~i~~=~~?~g ( ~:· ;;y Rp~·l?{~g ~lectkm place or within a radius of 30 meters ay. thereof. (Sec. 50, R.E.C.) I Lru!t Day of Regi.stration Registration shall commence at 7:00A.M. and shall close at 7:00P.M. Sixth (Secs .. 101 ~nd 108, R.E.C.J Saturday Reg1strat10n of new voters person· before Oct. 1 ally appear!ng bcf.ore the board who election ~:ct":~!n fJ:o~ti~~~e:~s th~~ ~:~.preday. Acl.fl Prohibited .on this Day I 1. Giving or accepting free of charge transportation, food, or drinks. (Sec. 51, R.E.C.) Sixth Oct. 6 2. Selling, drinking, or dispensing Saturday intoxicating liquors. (Sec, 52 (a), before R.E.C.) !]ection 3. Establishing in any polling plact lay. or ·within a radius of 30 meters there- ~ of, booths of any kind for the sale, dispensing or display of wares. merchandise or refrcflunents, whether solid or liquid, or !or any other pur pose. (Sec. 52(b), R.E.C.) 4. Cockfights, boxing, horse races, .}r any other similar sh-.)w. (Sec. 52 {c) R.E.C.) 5. Carrying deadly weapons in t.he polling place or within a radius of 30 meters thereof. (Sec. 53, R.E.C.) 6. Electioneering in any polling place or within a radius of 3(1 mete:-s thereof. (Sec. 50, R.E.C.) Acts Prohibited on this Day ·) 1. Giving or accepting free. of Nov. 11 (~~~esi~a~~tC.rti.on, food, ~r dr1~ks., 0~et!~ day in;~x~~~:~~· ~i~~;~~.g, (S~c.dl~2cn(~\~ ~ection g R.E.C.) ay. Keys ami EleetiO'II Materials 'fhe Provincial Commander shall have received ali keys of ballot boxes from his authorized representatives by this day. Likewise, city, municipal. Nov. 13 and municipal district treasurers shall Day after have received all clectkm materials the election. ~~Y~ d~~r~Sc~fs. e~3t~;d ill~~~c~.~.~) 1 Lt Ralmaeeda and enlisted men of the 97th PC Co. ftunawan, Agusan, Page 74 Makabayan? Siuulal ni CARLOS F. OREVILLO St:tff l\lember Tl & EO, nPC Katanyagan, karangalan at pagkakataong mag-kama! ng yaman! Ito ang mga bagay na nakataya sa paningin ng kasalukuyang litaw ng mga pulitiko. Ang, pagkakataong makapaglingkod ng tapat, lubusan at hindi ang kapakanang pangsarili ang aalagatain, ang matulungan ang mga mamamayan; sapagkat kailangan nila ang tulong, mithiing mapa-unlad ang bayan tungo sa isang mapayapa at mayamang bansa, ito ang mga bagay na nakataya sa bawat halalan kung ating oaniniwalaan ang mga pulitiko. Iyan ang kadalasa'y kanilang isinusumpa! Sa aking paniniwala, ang pulitika ay hindi pangangalakal, sapagkat sinasabi nilang sila ay lingkod ng bayan, o:~lila ng bayan, haligi ng bayan, ama ng bayan at kung anu-ano pa. Kung ~~ka.t~~a0 ~ ~i~~a~~ ~~fn~kab~~;a. 11~~~~ :~: mangyari niya'y mapuno ng bantayog ng mga maka-bayan ang ating mga liwasang-bayan. Bakit ang mga pulitiko'y gumagastos ng higit sa dapat nilang tanggapin sa buong panahon ng kanilang panunungkulan ? Bakit halos pati kaluluwa'y ipinangangako sa panahon ng pangangampanya? Bakit marami ang nagpapatayan, at kahit na magkahirap-hirap ay nagpipilit lumahok sa pulitika? Bakit? Sapagkat nalalaman nila na kung magtatagumpay ay hindi lamang mababawi kungdi bagkus magtutubo pa ang sa!aping kanilang nilustay sa panahon ng kandidatura. Tunay na ang pulitika ay siyang pinaka-manigong pangangalakal dito sa ating bansa. Ano ang magagawa ng isang mamamayan? Maaari siyang makatulong sa ilang tao, iyon lamang. Ngunit ang isang pinuno ng pama~~lai~~~~u~~~~~~~uJ:~~koi~;a 11agnt:;;ia~~ s~~!~ ~~~7g a~a~~~~~nga~:a.libk;~~g~~mnagmfJ~~nng bansa ay maaring maging kahulugan ng isang mapayapa, masagana at maunlad o magulo, masama at naghihikahos na bansa. Ang pulitika ay maaaring maging pinakamabuting panuntunan, maaari din namang rna· ging pinaka-masama. Ang pagiging masama ng pulitika dito sa ating bayan ay palasak na sa mga mamamayan, sapagkat karaniwa'y pagsasamantala, pag-iimbot at paninira sa kapuwa ang naghahari sa kalooban ng mga pulitiko. Ang gawaing dapat gampanan sa bayan at mamamayan ay di alintana. Kung ikaw ay taong KHAKI & RED tahimik at walang bahid-dungis, paglahok mo sa pulitika'y lalabas na lahat ang iyong sama at kapintasan, dudut-dutin pati ang iyong kabuhayan at pinagdaanan, madaramay pati ang iyong mga kahinlog. Pagsasamantala at pagiging pabaya sa tungkuHn ang isyu noong halalan ng 1946; isyu noong halalan ng 1947 at 1949, at isyu pa rin noong 1951 at 1953, hanggang ungkatin ng kasalukuyang administrasyon ng nasabing taon -ang pagdaraya at pananakot na ginawa sa nakaraang halalan. Nang dumating ang halalan ng taong 1957 at 1959, yaon pa rin ang isyu, at gayon din noong 196 I. Ngavon av umaalingawngaw naman ang ltmog ng halalan, at natitiyak ko na ang magiging pinakam;:~Jaking isyu ay ang kasamaan, pagsasamantala at pagiging pabaya sa tungkulin ng kasalukuyang administrasyon. Bukod pa rito ang pag-taas ng halaga ng mga paninda at ang sinasabing pag-hilig sa pagiging diktador ng a t i n g kasalukuyang pangulo. Maging mabuti o masama man ang layunin ng isang pulitiko, upang magwagi ay kailangan niyang maakit o mapaniwala ang mga tao upang siya ay ihalal. Ang pamumuno sa demokrasya ay hindi sa pamamagitan ng pagsasalin ng kapangyarihan. Ang kapangyarihang pumili at maglagay ng sino-mang mamumuno sa bayan ay mamamayan ang nagtatakda, kaya't sila'y dapat paki-bagayan, amuin at suyuin. Hindi lamang ito, kailangan pa rin na sila'y pangakuan at papaniwalain na kung magwawagi ay ang kabutihan at kapakanan ng bayan at hindi ang sariling kabutihan ang aalagatain. -Kung ako lamang ay dalaga, maaaring ang isa sa inyo ang aking maging kapilas ng puso. - Iyan ang sinabi ng isang babaing kumandidato sa Mindanao, noong siya a_y kumakampanya sa kamorohan. Siya ay nanalo. Ang sino-mang maglilingkod sa pamahalaan, maging ito ay mabuti o mapag-samantala ay kailangan munang ihnl· ng tao. Papaano nilang mananakaw ang salapi ng mamamayan na ibinabayad sa pamamagitan ng buwis kung sila ay walang katungkulan at kapangyarihan? -Bakit pa tayo nagk::troon ng kapangyarihan? - Ang katanungang ito na hindi na kailangang sagutin pa ay nangyayari lamang matapos magwagi ang isang kandidato. Ang may mabubuting kalooban ay kailanganr, papaniwalain ang mamamayan sa katapatan ng kanilang hangarin. Ang ruga magsasamantala at magpapayaman ay lilinlangin ang mga tao, o kaya'y babayad ng salapi upang magkamit ng maraming boto, kung ang mga tao'y papayag na ipagbili ang kanilang karapatan. Maging mabuti o masama man, ane isang kandidato, sa panahon ng pangangampanya, ay kakaba-kaba ang dibdib, sapagkat naiisip nita ang pagkaka-bisala tungo sa pagkatalo ng kaniJULY-AUGUST, 1963 These are the "night fig'htcrs" of the 53rd PC Company under Cat1lain Cesar G. Vill:ll'in and 1st Lt. Aniceto S. Simoy, who helped clean the Ermi!a District and other no\(lrious 11laces of Cebu City -of bad clements. In a brief span of time this PC team accounted for the catlture or noWriou.s criminals. I lang kandidatura. Habang sila'y nagtatalumpati, nakikipag-kamay, gumagastos, (sapagkat lahat ay gumagasta) ay palagi nilang tinatanong ang kanilang sarili: -Papaano kung ako'y matalo? - Ang katalunan sa panig ng isang mabuting pulitiko ay maaaring maituring na gantimpala. Ang paglilingkod sa pamahalaan, bilang isang taong pinagtitiwalaan ay napaka-hirap na gawain. Hindi kailan man yayaman ang isang nanunungkulan, (liban kung siya'y magpasamantala) tangi sa karanasan, ngunit ito'y sadyanJ! kabagot-bagot sa tinagal-tagal ng panahon. Samantalang sa panig ng masamang pulitiko, ang pagkatalo ay mangangahulugan ng pagka-buwap nP. lah<1t ng kanyang pangarap sa buhay. -Y i/angang mabuhay ako sa pamamagitan ng tulo ng aking sariling pawis at sa mabuting paraan - Mayroon pa kayang lulungkot sa gayon .. kalagayan? At isipin na lang na dati'y nasa tungkulin, may kapangyarihan at sagana sa lahat ng bagay. Ang una'y magpapatuloy na igagalang at pagtitingnan sa kabila ng kanyang pagkatalo. !tong huli'y lilibakin, pupulaan pati mga kamag-anak. -Iyan ba? Eh kung hindi nagnakaw 'yan noong nasa tungkulin eh di katulad ko ring mahirap pa sa daga.Kailan pa kaya magiging hindi maka-bayan ngunit maglilingkod ng lubos at buong katapatan ang ating mga maka-bayan? Page 75 The Inspector General As A Member Of The Commanding Staff B1 M/Sgt MODESTO ?ol. CUNANAN One anonymous army writer once said that "an IG officer is a man past middle age, spare, wrinkled, intelligent, cold. passive, noncommittal, with eyes like a codfish, polite in contact but at the same time unresponsive, calm, and damnably, composed as a concrete post or a plaster-of-oaris cast; a human petrifaction with ~ heart of feldspar and without charm or 1he friendly germ; minus bowels, passion, or a sense of humor. Happily they never reproduce and all of them finally go to Hell". If at all. this is a truism, a profuse thinkin~ or half-a-joke fashioned to exalt and to dignify, is of a ·faint co~~;uc~~:r;y ~~e;: wkee ~e::o~~~be~f o1r~h~0~~~~ mander's staff, had his own definite missior writlen in the army books. To the man in ·the armed service, the office of the Inspector General is either a much-revered post or an unpopular one. This seems to be a paradox as one may put it. Equall.v true, it can he roughlv and looselv described a'\ a mere cubicle in a military headquarters, another room next to the other unheard plenty of times. While other civilian offices may have in their structures a oost that bears similarity in namr and even in functions, the commonplace savin,.... that in the armed service it is lavishly dubbed as the "eyes and ears" of the commander is ~ thing of note as in the wide, its varied mission.<: served to recognize and compensate the goo~· and could equally be cruel to those seeking to stain the organization. To get a nearer and better feel of the role of the Inspector General in the commander's staff, let us touch a bit on army history. The Inspector General service of the AFP is similar to that of the Inspector General of the US War Department, obviously because the present AFP set up has been substantially lifted from that of the US War Department. Army historians write it, that on 26 October 1777 General George Washington assembled a council of 14 general offu:~rs and envisioned that an office of Inspector General was necessarv. The American Congress on 13 December 1777 created the office of the Inspector General of the Army and resolved on the wisdom of its creation as "essential to the promotion of discipline in the American Army, and to the reformation of the various abuses which prevail in the different departments, that an appointment be made of inspectors general agreeable to the practice of the best disciplined European Armies." It further resolved that the "appointment of conferred on experienced and vigilant general officers, who are acguainted with whatever relates to the general economy, maneuvers, and discipline of a well-regulated army." In Page 76 the prime, the duties of the Inspector General in those early days were to "muster the troops monthly, nothing the number and condition of men, their discipline and drill, state of arms and equipment, clothing, ration, etc., to reject all unserviceable recruits and to discharge or trans· fer to the invalid corps all men disabled in the service, and to report all abuses, neglect and deficiencies to the commander and to the Board of War." Subsequent years found the Department expanded and created to a more permanent post and during the last war, there were 1,449 inspectors in the US Army. The office of the POM (Preparation for Overseas Movement) and OlD (Overseas Inspection Divisions) were created within the Department which duties were to inspect units prior to departure to areas of operation to assure that the organization and equipment met all requirements of the theatre for which they are assigned. Inspectors assigned with the Overseas Inspection Divisions were scattered to areas and theatres of operation with the mission of inquirinr into all complaints brought to the attention of the War Department (CA S~~a~i}g offt~~s ~~~f~n~~e~~~~:n~(y 1~£ ;h~ Philippines, approved on 21 Dec. 1935, the I· pector General of the AFP came into existenc The position before the war was only at Headquarters PA and inspectors general of the ten military districts were known as provos1 insoectors. After the war, the office was reorganized on 15 April 1945. Recognizing the wisdom of maintaining the dignity and import of the office, lately the position of AFP inspector general was elevated to the rank of general with former IV PC zone commander Brigadier General Valentin D. Velasco appointed to the post. Just like any other service in a military outfit, it has its own insignia made of three distinctive parts; (1) the sword; (2) the fasces; (3) the wreath. The sword represents military power and justice. The fasces, which consists of a military axe enclosed within a bundle.of birch or elm rods tied together with a strap. has since the early Roman emperors symbolized authority. As carried by the lictors, magistrates and guards preceding emperors and kings in their processionals, the fasces were emblems of the absolute power which the rulers possessed over the life and limbs of their subjects. Roman dictators were usually preceded by 24 guards each bearing a fasces over his left shoulder. The wreath is a symbol reckoned since the Pythian games in Greece about 500 B.C. The laurel wreath has been a KHAKI & RED mark of honor and distinction for winners of athletics, cultural and academic honors. Today it is more identified as a mark of excellence in academic and intellectual fields. "Droit Et Avant" an inscription in French language which literally means "Right and Fonvard" or freely "First be right; then take action" has been adopted as the motto of the IGS and i is written in blue, the color of the IG service standing for loyalty, faith and fidelity. In the present .AFP strur. ture, the four _ major services have their own inspectors general and operate within their jurisdictional limit under orders and instructions of their respective commanders. the ~ai~ft~~a~0ilie P:i~~~i~~t :frr:f:e ~~~~!~t~~ general is to assist his commander in the administratio~ . of his command by inquiring into and reportmg upon all matters affecting its efticiency and economy. Indeed, its members by reasons of their primary tasks of inspections and investigations arc virtua1ly confidential agents of the Secretary of National Defens" the AFP Chief of Staff, and to the commander in whose staff they serve. Such position find sustenance even in modern staft - :>rganirttion where commanders can under their own discretion make the position of inspector general as member of his personal staff, like in the Philippine Constabulary today. In the wide, the office of the inspector general_ is actually committed to the following functiOns: (1) conducts inspections and investigations as directed by the commander as prescribed by regulations; (2) inspects all commands, units, systems, transportation, installations, acounts, and non military agencies, as required by the commander; (3) consults all staff sections prior to making inspection to obtain special items for the attention of inspection personnel and to obtain technical assistance; (4) advises staff sections concerning matters noted during inspections and furnishes them with copies of extracts of inspection reports of direct interest to the staff sections; (5) receives, investigates, and reports upon allegations, complaints and grievances of individuals and agencies; and (6) recommends remedial action to correct deficiencies and delinquencies noted in inspections. Incident to his task of inspection, one will find that the range of inquiry of the inspector general is almost anything as it delves into all phases of the affairs and activities of the unit. It inquires into the conduct, discipline, living conditions, health and nutrition, morale of the unit and individuals, the condition and state of command, posts, camps and installations and of their arms, equipment and ot'her supplies; the economical, efficient and lawful ex~;:~~~~s re~~ip~~d:to~::e ~JT~!~~. i~~~djr~ position of property and the condition of ac(Continued on next page) JULY-AUGUST, 1963 Lt Col Luciano I Gunabe 1st PC BCT Commander lst PC Battalion Combat Team A highly mobile constabulary striking force ~~~t 0 ~fakt~d~ ~{ e~~:en~~a~aese~u~~~~~~e~n~ where in the Philippines especially in connection with the coming elections. The force, known as the 1st PC Battalior Combat Team, is considered the PC's initial sterto ensure peaceful balloting in the Novembc polls. Brig. Gen. Dominador F. Garcia, PC Chief, said the PC BCT is the general combat suppor1 unit that could be deployed in any troubled spots in the country on short notice. He added that the new PC unit was er visioned to have an immense striking power in quelling riots and other civil disturbances. 11 could also be utilized during calamities and catastrophies. Tapped as PC BCT commander was Lt. Col Luciano I. Gunabe, who until recently was chief of the PC Public Affairs Office (PAO) at Camp Crame. Col. Gunabe's staff are: Sl and Adjutant, Capt. Plenio Atega; $2, Capt. Mari3no Dizon; 53, Maj. Deogracias Paguio; and S4 Maj. Andres Franco. (Continued on next page) Page 77 1st PC. The BCT is manned by 72 officers and t ,· 445 enlisted men. Serving as the nucleus of the striking force are the !77th, 144th, !45th, !51st and 152nd PC companies. The PC Cavalry Unit, and the PC K-9 (dog) Corps form the Special Operations Company, and investigation outfits. The PC BCT's organization came about amid reports that the commission on elections was considering the use of ROTC (Reserve Officers Training Corps) cadets to police. the elections in November. Brig. Gen. Nicanor D. Garcia, armed forces deputy chief of staff, informed the public that the Comelec plan was still in the "exploratory" stage. However, he added that if the plan materializes, it would certainly give immense activities for the PC command as far as the maintenance of peace and order is concerned. THE INSPECTOR . counts pertaining to funds and property. Deducingly, inspections are conducted to provide the commander with an evaluation of the condition of his unit, schemed to improve its efficiency and economical operation. It shall be the militant endeavor of inspectors to devote their activities to all matters affecting the welfare of the command. Its inspectional efforts are constructive and are not limited into the confines of seeking or fishing adverse commentaries of the units and/or individual members. Indeed, exemplary activities or deeds meriting commendation, such as initiative displayed by commanders in solving their problems, religious implementation of the commanders policies and directives, mark excellence in performing assigned missions, are of equal import in an inspector's report abreast with anything it finds derogatory in the command. For sometime, others would still want to think of inspectors as untouchable snoopers of the commander. CARE OF HUMAN . at the outer surface of the right molars perpendicular to the long axis of the teeth forcing the bristle gently between them. With ~l vibratory and rotary motion the bristle is made to come 1n contact with the gum thus producing :l.n ideal massage. This method is efficient in cleaning the spaces between the teeth. It is sug~ested that when the brush is placed back to the same position the mo\'ement sll'Juld be downward and upward motion. This is repeated several times with the wrist making t.'le downward and upward movements only. The bl'ush is then brought to the bicuspids, cuspids, and incisors and the same procedure is applied. In this manner all t~e surfaces of the teeth on one side are brushed jointly. The mouth may then be washed several times wit.'l mouthful of water, then the same procedure is done on the other side. To brush the inside surfaces "f the upper molars, bicuspids, cuspids, the brush is brought to bear on the surfaces of the upper molars on one side with the bristle pointing., toward t.'le upper gum line, the same technic is applied with t.he wrist makjng the downward motion. This is repeated until .\11 t he teeth in ench Page 78 jaw are brushed. However, the procedure in brushing the lower teeth is the same ns the upper except that the movement of the brush should be in an upwnrd motion. lr. most mouth the upper thi!-d m;:~lnr can be better reached with the b1·ush if the mouth is closed due to the fact that if closed the base of the angle of the mandible is so ncar the upper teeth leaving sufficient space for the brush. It is also ad,·antageous in most mouth if the jaws are dosed while brushing the upper second and third molars because the muscles of the cheek are relaxed. T~ understand the above subject, it is sug-gested that the patient. should stand infront of a mirror while brus..lting until the individual has mastered the technic well enough. USE OF SILl{ F'LOSS A:\'0 TOOTHPICI< - When food, like meat, slips in between tl1e teeth, rendering the patient much annorance by its presence, the use of silk fbss is usually necessary to remove sucn partidcs, but it would not be advisable for nil persons to use silk floss after cnch meal, due l-J the danger of Irritating the gum, causing its recession. Howeve1·, ir> using the silk floss it ~hould be held with the finger close to the teet.h on each side thus carefully passing in between the teeth without injury to the gum. The toothpick is used to clean the proximal surfnces of the teeth, and its use is only indicated in cases where the gum hns sufficiently receded in order to gh·c room for the toothpick to pass hctween the teeth without pressure to the gum. Due to the fact that few ~·Jung pc1·sons have much gum recession, the us~ •Jf toothpick in younger persons is very much eontraindicnted. I'YORRHEA ALVEOLARIS - In the field of modern Dentistry, the word pyorrhea alveolaris hns been replaced by the more appropl'iate nume called periodont-Jclasia, or in laymen's 1\·ord, is simply pyorrhea. Tn dew of the rather confusing matter which has added to its nomenclature and the exnct nnturc of treatment, this disease is regaJ-dcd as an infection which under certain condition may develop iu an~· mouth. This, however, depends largely ·Jn the kind of oral hygiene "f the individual and his phrsical condition. CLI N ICAl. SY;ItPTO:ItS OF PYORRHEA ARF. THE FOI,LOWING: 1. Inflammation of the gum. 2. Rone absorption. a. Gum recessio11. 4. Suppuration. 5. Tooth mobility. Witl1 the presence of the above, there follows impaired circulation, pocket f.Jrmatio~, and infection, but the chief distinguishing characteristic of pyorrhea is the so-called pocket formation. Many cases of gingivitis (inflammation of the ~;urn I when scrutinized carefully are found to be pronhea. So that in the diagnosis, it should be kept dearly in mind thnt the pocket formation, no matter how slight, is t~e chief rharacteristic of the disease. If an examination is made on several patients and the dentist were to mnke an X-Ray exa.mination, h(" would probably be surprised to find out the larg'::l amount of bone absorpti-Jn which have ta.ken place in some of the vaticnts but on casual examination they all appear normal. We sho~ld bear in mind also that pocket formation is a progressive phenomenon sta.rting as a very inconspicuous lesion around the gum. It advances horizontallY; or ~~r~~:Jlt~ottes;~~Y:~kit~; i~~n!a~r~~~~r~~h~utip :~r~~ root. It has been the observation of the author that bone absorption and pocket formation occur mostly in persons where calculary deposits and foJd debris are plentiful. Also functional in activity, bacicria.l invasJ(,n, and the unhygienic condition of the mouth are the n10st important causes in all pyorhea disease, especially tho~ less enred and under-nourished. The unhygienir condition of the mouth wa!l mentioned on account of the fact that the role of bacteria fnvon the growth and its devel~pment in large number, eventually contributing to the possi· hilitie~ of infection. Clinical experience in1licnte<~ that '1 these ]oral factors a1·e entirely eliminated with high de· KHAKI & RED The Process Of Police Organization Planning By :\hjor PACJENCIO S. l\IAGTIBA Y (Continued from last issll(') GIWUI~IKG THE JOBS . . The next step of the planning process, after estab. hshmg the jobs necessary in accomplishing thE police broad objectiv~, is to gr?UP the various tasks into logical and hunnomous grouping of functions. This is the basic step in organization structuring because the various homogenous groups become the basis of the units to be created. It also serves as a reliable guide in detenni. ning: (1) the amount of responsibilities that shall be a_ttached to the units to be ct-eated; (2) the qualificatiOns of the personnel who shall be selected for carrying· out the activities, functions, or processes, and (3) the placement of each unit in the organizational set-up (10:40). In the grouping procells, the planner should be guided by the principle that similar activities shall be grouped together when other considerations permit. Thus, in police .w~rk, repressing criminal activities and regulating n?n7cnmm~l . ~nduc~. lli?-Y be grouped to.gether being ~~~~:a~c~C:~ri~~;s~tol~~k~~~er~~~. a;:;e~~n~~rh:~n~ri::'n~ processing rJf evidence for the prosecution of criminals are directed toward the same purpose and therefore may be grouped together. At present, there is yet no precise and scientific formula frJr the grouping of jobs. However, there are guides worked out by some authorities on organization regarding this matter. One of which is that promulgated by Luther Gullick in his essay on Ute theory of organization which still stands today as a classic in this field (1:1-45). He stated therein that every individual worker can be characterized by (1) the major purp.Jse he is serving; (2) the process he is using: (3) the person or things he serves or deals with; and (4) the place where he renders his service. Before applying t.he guide enumerated above f01 the pUJ·pose of grouping the jobs, it is first necessary to divide the various tasks into two broad classifications namely, the adjective and substantive tasks. The adjecti\'e tasks a re the 8-)-called indirect types of jobs. They are intended merely to support the successful accompHslJment of the substantive jobs. Some organization writers calJ them secondary police jobs, but in common parlance they are known as staff activities. As previously defined, staff activities refer to those activities which are advisory in nature and have to do primarily with specialized intellectual processes (3:127). It may be sub-divided into general staff, administrative staff, ancl sen·ice or auxiliary staff. The substantive tasks, on the other hand, arc those which primarily concem the police. They are oftenly called the police primary duties or line activities. After the various jobs are divided into the two broad classifications, the next step is to group similar job.« under each classification into logical and hannonious groupings. This process will produce different unifunctiona\ groupings. Each of the unifunctkmal group becomes an organizational unit. This process is illustrated in the charts below: Substantive (0JJCrational) Activities Grouping I I Unifunctional Process I Activities I Group - By ~ing criminal activity Pa~ major purposeRegulating non-criminal function conduct Surveillance lnspectional activity Services to the public By Apprehension of criminals Police mnj:~r purpo,;;eRecovering stolen properties l nvestgJation Gathering and processing of evidence for prosecuting criminals -ny-- Patrolling stJ·ectS"and high- 'fraffic ma}Jr purpose ways to muke them safe control f or both vehicular and 11e~ dcstrian traffic Investigation of traffic accidents Enforcement •Jf traffic Jaws and regulationn By Controlling- illegal vice Vice ma}ar pul'pose Safeguarding the morals of Control By clicntile served or things dealt with Grouping Process By clientile served or things dealt with By proccs~ tJ.., rommunity Preventing juvenile tendency Crime Aiding in coJTecting anti- prevention social behaviors Adjective (StafC) Activties I jUnifW'lctional I Activ i t ie s 1 Group Preparing over-all plans JAdministraPreparing general policies live staff Personnel administration Inspection Procurement and control of supplies and equipmem: Budget control Public relations Maintenance of facilities g~~~n;fbid:Unt~d'ca~~~ice service Maintenance and oper•1tio of communicatkln system Statistics operation Maintenance of police records Follow up control Jail service (Continued on next page) Auxiliary (service) f unction gree of mouth hygiene, there would be no fear in having--m~o~nt:-w~h:C;,-;-hp - ,.. - v,n-;t -::, h -, -,-u d :-: d, - n- ,-x.. -,. -,.. ---c ., :-: ,-:-h,- roo ---c th :-:to pyorrhea. It is of paramount importance therefore to thermal changes is packed a round it and left to stay for say that clean teeth in a clean mouth cannot be ove1 ab.:lut a week. This type of operation however is only estimated. limited in cases where there are extensive bone loss and SURGICAL TREATMENT OF PYORRHEA - to those teeth where reinfection is difficult to control. When all conservative measures have failed in the This method also makes possible the saving of a lar~ treatment crf pyorrhea, dentists resort to the surgical number of teeth that would otherwise have to be exmethod in order to save t}y,jse teeth that are not within tracted. the bounds of ordinary treatment. It is therefore evident from the gist of my first nnd There are three types of operation, but only one type second articles on the Care of the Human Dentition tln1t will be mentioned here as this is the most common in all the basic problem involved in the conservation of Dentodent.'ll clinics. The surgical method is called gingivec· Oral Health is largely of education, teaching the ma~ses tomy or in simple w.n·d gum resection. The gum around to understand the high cost of neglect is vast, and this the tooth is excised to the level of the pocket and all becomes the g-reatest ·.1bstncle in the prevention of ,,raJ diseased tissues involved arc removed. Mixture of ce- diseases. '* JULY-AUGUST, 1963 Page 79 The units that may be created ba.setJ on the unifunctionat g1..:~uping of tasks may be sub-divided into subunits depending on the necessity of geographical decentralization, extent of the desired specialization, and operational expediency. Building the Orgllilizalion Sl~uctur:e- . As stated in the precedmg d1scuss1on, the heart of the formal organization structure is the unifunction:~! units created based from the job-g10Juping process. Jn the organization chart, these units are represented hv rectangular or square boxes, arranged vertically and horizontally, usually assuming the fonn of a pyramid. The vertical dimension may be steep, as when there are many horizontal levels or echelons, or flat when there are fn' echelons (3:134). The vertical arrangement, also, take~ the f.;~rm of a series of steps, each graded nc-:ording to the degree of authority and responsibility. They are connected with a solid line, known as the line of authority, running vertically from top to bottom. Because they appear to be chained together, the arrangement is sometimes called the scalar chain (6:14). The echelon at the bott.>.:lm of the pyramid is composed of line or operating units, and at the top, the management units. In !Jetween the twOJ are levels of var1ous supervisory units. There arc organization planners wl1o favor an optimum number of horizontal levels, their primary reason is to shorten the chain of command. They contend t..ltat the more intermediate levels there are, the more t..iev lengthen the flow of communication and the more the• diminish the executive's participation in the field ovcrations. On the other hand, there are those who disag-"c( with the above al\egatbn contending that by minimizin~ the number of the horizontal levels, it will increa~f' t i number of units in each echelon and therefor" cxp~· the span of control. This contention is premised on the belief that the number of persons one can efficiently supervise is limited otherwise the executive or supervisor will ronsume much of his time in their supervisory work, thus neglecting their other important respvnsibilities. Both allegations may have some merits, but thesE' arc now being challenged by the modern trend toward decentralization, the growing pattern of leadership evolving from the increasing acceptance of group processes. and the rapidly growing discoveries in electronics. What then is the best arrangement? The answ<'r to this may remain a moot one for a long long time, It may even ~main unreso!ve forever. Meantime, any -ane of t..iem may be adopted depending on which one works out most effectively. (To be wntinued) ANG PATAKSIL ~nang ~~bing sil~'y hat.dan ng: pagkain ng- Makabebe, 1to'y h1mkaynt mlang magbahk-loob. 1\fata)X's makapag-isip-isip, waring napukaw sa puso ng Makabebe ang pag-lbig sa lupang tinubuan. Kinabukasan, lihim na ipinagtapat ng Makabebe kay Aguinaldo na napaayon o nahikayat niya ang kaluhati ng kanyang mga kasamahan, nguni't hiniling niyan::;: yao'y ipakalihim Jamang. Pagkaraan ng tatlong araw, nang anyong mag-uutos na si Aguinaldo sa mga Makabebc nn bihagin ang limang Amerikano, saka lumitaw ung katotohanang hindi nagkakaisa-isa ang _mq-a Makabeile at pati ang mga sang-ayon ay nangatakot nang kumilos. Umaga nang- magsimulang lumakad ang pangkat patungong dalampasigan. Samantalang naghihintay ng ruga boteng buhat sa Vicksburg, nagkaumpukumpok ang ilan sa lilim ng isang malaking punungkahoy. At sa knnilang pagkukuwentuhan at pagbibiruan ay muntik nang magkabarilan sina Cadhit at Segismundo. Tinagurian ni Cadhit na sa kanilang ginawang iyon, si Aguinaldo'y siyang Kristo at si Segismundo nama'y siyang Hudas. Kung hindi naging maagap si Fun!ton, l»age 80 The Benefit Of Counsel During Police Investigation ( Ueprinted from The Lawyer's Journal, March, 1963) By Major BUENAVENTURA B. FERNANDEZ Police agencies in the Philippines must have experienced complaints of practising attorney_s who allegedly failed to assist their clients whether the latter has been picked up or just invited for questioning by the police prior to the filing of a formal complaint. It is claimed thnt "the investigator may ask queslions which may tend to mislend or embarrass him, or may even tend to incriminate him, in which case it is the duty of his lawyer to render him legal assistance and gh·e legal advice accordingly". This statement did not specify whether the person picked up or invited for questioning is a suspect or a mere v.<itness. It is, however, safe to conclude that it refers to both. In a celebrated case it was reported that a mnltin~; officer .;,f a government investigative agency lawyer of a prominent law firm who wanted to be presmarahil ny tinanghal na bangkay noon din ang Lo;a sa kanila. TINANGKANG AGAWI.N Sl AGUINALDO Samantalang naghihintay ng mga boteng sasakyan pabalik sa Vicksburg, nagkakatipun-tipon naman ang mga kawal ni Komandante Alhambra. Bagama't may sugat pa si Alhambra, ipinasiya niyang gawin ang makakaya upang maagaw si Aguinaldo. Buoug pagkakaisang sumang-ayon ang mga taui.au ni Alhambra:~Agawin ang PreSidente! - sigawan nila. Handa kaming mamatay at lumaban hanggang sa hu!ing sanda!i! N()Jn di'y lumakad ang pangkat. Pagsapit sa kabayauan ay nagpangkat-pangkat sila at saka sabay-st\bay na lumusob sa himpilan at kumbento. Nguni't ni isang .Makabebe ay wain silang dinatnan. Kaya't noon di'' nagmamadali silang sumugod 1a dalampasigan. Datapwn, huli na ang lahat. Nang sila'y sumapit sa bayhay dagat malnyo na ang Vicksburg. NANIJMI'A SA BANDJLA NG EU SI AGUINALDO Noong mada\ing-araw ng Marso 28, 1901, ang Vicksburg ay buong lihim nn pumasok sa Lcok ng Maynila. Lumipat sa isang lantsa si Funston, kasama ang tat!Onf' bihag, at tuluy-tuloy hanggang sa Palasyo ng Malakanyang - sa magarang tahanan ni Hen. Arthur MacArthur, pangkaiahatang puno ng Hukbong Amerilran._, sa Pilipinas. Noong unang araw ng Abril, matapos mapagkuro ni Aguinaldo na kung siya'y hindi makikipagkasundo ;;a bagong pamahalaan ay mananatili nang walang taning na panahon sa bilangguan ang libu-libong anak ng bayang nangabihag din, ipinasiya niyang lagdaan sa harap ng gobernador-heneral na si Hen. MacArthur at ni Cayetano Arellano ang panunumpa ng katapatan sa pamahalaan ng Amerika. Pagkaraan ng ilang araw, si Aguinaldo ay nagJagda ng isang panawagan sa bayang Pilipinas. Nanawngan siya sa ka.nyang mga kapatid na magsipagsalong na ng sa.ndata at tumahimik, alang-alang sa ikatitiwasay r.g Inang Boyan.-* KHAKI & RED ent when his client was under investigation that "if a man is arrested, the lawyer may see the man; but if the man is •::mly under investigation-then no lawyer can see him". This incident brings us to the question often asked, to wit: may one under investigation especially a suspect avail of the services of a counsel during investiga· tion? Corollary to that is the question - what are the liabilities of the police officer refusing such request? Unfortunately, the above incident did not .reach L'1e courts notwithstanding the fact that the personalities involved are prominent in government drcles. As for as I krraw there has been no case yet in the Philippines - wherein these issues are ven-tilated. In the interest of law enf..,rcement and in order to safeguard our dvil liberties we shall examine and analyze the pertinent provisions of law applicable. i What may be invoked by a lawyer to justify his position that he has the right to be present during the investigation of his client is perhaps that constitutional provision which says that "no pcr~n shall be deprived of his life, liberty and property \vithout due process of Jaw, nor shall any person be denied to equal protection of the laws." The above-quoted fundamental rig~ts, howrvcr, are not violated if the person under investigation is not detained beyond the time required by Art. 125 of the Revised Penal Code as am~nded, unless of cout·se the investigator inflicts bodily injurier during the investigation in which case he may be made answerable for physical injuries or commits some other crime or crimes like rape if the person picked up for questioning is a \\~man. Under what circumstances then C!ln a persrn under investigation ask the presence of his counsel as a matter of right? It is submitted t hat this right may be availed or either by a person arrested or by one acti11g in his behalf who may be a relative, a counsel or a friend. This can be gleaned from the f:JI\owing provhions of law. Rule 109, Sec. 18. Right of ~ftorney to visit person arrested. - Any attorney entitled to practise in the courts of the Philippines shall, at the request of the person arrested or of all'Jther acting in his behalf, be pennitted to visit and confer privately with such person, in the jail or any other place of custody at any hour of the day, oJr in urgent cases, of the night. A similar pNvision can be found in Rule 108, Sec. 12 in conjunction with Sec. 11 of the same Rule 108. Sec. 12. Sending for attorney. - At an" time during the proceedmgs referred to in t.he preceding section the defendant, if he so requests. shall be allowed to l1ave the services of an attorney. For thr purpose, the judge or corresponding oft:icer may rcquiret any peace officer to deliver a.ny message from the defendant to any attorney requesting the latter's services. The proceeding referred to in the above-quoted Sec. 1~ is the second stage of preliminary investigation. It states: Sec. 11. Rights of defendant afler arrest. - After the arrest of the defendant and his delhery t>a tile court, he shall be informed of tJ e complaint or information filed against him. He shall also be informed of the substance of the testimony JULY-AUGUST, 1963 and eviidence presented against him, and, if he desires to testify or to present witnescs or evidence in his favor, he may be allowed tQ do so. The testimony -.Jf the witnesses need not be reduced to writing but that of the defendant shall be taken in writing and subscribed by him. The title of Sec. 18, Rule 109 itself clearly showt that the right of a lawyer to be present applies t-.J a client who is under arrest and it starts {rom tht:< time of the arrest. Obviously, it does not pertain to the investigath·c phase conducted by the police as practised in the Philippines. Tl1is interpretation iinds support in the body of the law when it recites "x x x at the request of the person arrested or of another acting in his behalf x x x". This is repeated in Republic Act No. 857 whic..'1 is the sancti-:>n for violation of Sec. 18, Rule 109. Said Republic Act No. 857 provides: Any public officer or emp~::~yee who 1hall obstruct, prohibit or otherwise prevent lin attorney entitled to practice in the courts of the Philippines from visiting and confering privately 'l"ith a person arrested, at any hour of the day or, in urgent cases in the night, said visit and oonference ~x'ing requested by another acting in his behalf. shall be punished by a.rresto mayor. Note that there is no fine imposed for vio:ation of this Jaw. Note also that Sec. 18 of Rule 109 and Republic Act No. 857 are substantially tne same. Although the caption of Sec. 18, Rule 109 speaks of the "right of attorney" and not the right of the accused, the effect is the same, It is enough that somebody asked for the presence of a lawyer afler the arrest. Thus there arc two groups who can avail of the presence of a counsel, namely: the person arrested ·;:>r another acting in his behalf who may be a lawyer, a relative or a friend. Sees. 11 and 12 of Rule 108 refer to th ! rights of the defendant after his arrest in the so-called second stage of preliminary investigation. These sections reinforce the opinion that the benefit of the oounsel starts only from the moment ·:>f a rrest, not earlier than that. It is also argued that the right to counsel after arrest is even restricted in that what Sec. 18 of Rule 109 and Republic Act No. 857 grant to the attomey Js only the right to visit and to confer with the person arrested. It does not give him the right to participate in the investigation actively, like objecting to questions asked the person under investigatt::~n. This argument overlooks the fact that the visitorial confer !nce provided for by these laws might have attained the evil coup:it to the prevented in that a caution by a lawyer to the accused not to make m1y statement is enough t·.:> stop the progress of the investigation. This, of course, is n ltindrance to the solution of the crime. Jn Crooker v. California, 357 U.S. 433, 78 S. Ct. 1~87, L. Ed. 2d 1448 (1958), the petiti·:;oner, under sentence of death for the murder of his paramour, clailr::> that his conviction in a California court violates the foUl tecnth Am<.>ndment, United States Constitution, due tlrocess oi law because (1) the confession admitted into evidence over his objection had been coerced from him by state authorities, and (2) even if his confession was voluntary it occured while he was without counsel because of the prevklUS denial of his request. The Suprume Court of California affirmed the conviction. 47 Cal. 2d 348, 303 P. 2d '153. Certiorari wns granted becnuse of U1e serious Page 81 due process implications that attend state dlnial of a request to employ an attorney. The United State~ Supreme Court held that no violat:m of constitutional right has occurred. It said: The bare fact of police "detention and polict: examination in private of one in official state custody" does not render involuntary a confession by the one sa detained. Brown V. Allen, 344 U.S. 443. 476 (1953). Neither does an admonition by the police to tell the truth, Spar! v U.S., 156 U.S. 51, 55-56 (1895), nor the failure of State authorities to oomply with local statutes requiring that an accused promptly be brought before a magistrate. Fikes v. State of Alabama, 352 U.S. 191 (I95'iJ. But we have held that confessions made by indigent defendants prior to St.'lte appointment of counsel are not thereby rendered involuntary even in prosecuti-.Jns where conviction without counsel would violate due process under the Fourteenth Amendment The right of an accused for his defense, thoug:!l not finnly fixed in our common-Jaw heritage, is o! significant importance to the preservation of liberty in thls country. See 1 Cooley's Constitutional Limitations (8th ed) 696-700; 2 Story on the Constitution {4th ed.) 1794. Or as stated by a Committee headed by Prof. Zachariah Chafee, "A person accused ·:>f crime need a lawyer right after his an·est probably more than at any other time". ThE> demands of our civilization expressed in the Due Process Clause require that the accu,;ed who wants a counsel should have one at any time after the moment of nrrest. Luckily Sec. 825 of the California Penal Code of l95G is similar to ours. It provides: After an arrest, an attorney may at the the request of the prisoner or any relative of such pri· soner, visit the person so arrested. Any officer in charge of the prisoner who willfully refuses to let the attorney see t he prisoner is guilty of a misdemeanor. In Cicenia \', La Gay, 357 U.S. 504, 78 S. Gt. 1297, 2 L. ed. 2d 1523 (1958) Cicenia was convicted of murde1 following a confession obtained under Lite following cir· cumstances: In the evening of March 17, 1947, Charles Kit\uah, the owner of a small dry goods store in Newark, New Jersey, was shot and killed during the course of a robbery. The crime remained un~:>lved until December 17, 1949, when the Newark police obtained information implicating the petitioner and two others, Armando Corvino and John DeMasi. Petitioner lived with his pa~nts at Orange, New Jersey. Apparently acting at the 1·equest of the Newark police, the Orange police sought to locate petitioner at his home. When told L'lat he was out, the police left word that he wat to rep;:.rt at the Orange police headquarters t},e following day, Petitioner sought the advice of Frank Palmiere, a lawyer, who advised him to report as requested. Petitioner did so, accompanied by his father and brother. Upon arrival at tne Orange police stati-;>n at 9 a.m. on December Us, Petitioner was separated from the otlu:!rs and taken Page 82 by detecti\·es to t he Newark police headquarters. At approximately 2 p.m. the same day petitioner's !father, brother and Mr. Palmiere, the lawyer, arrived at the Newark station. 1\!r Palmiere im· mediately asked to see petitioner, but his request was refused by the police. He repeated his request at intervals throughout the afternoon and well ink the evening, but without success. During this period petitioner who was being questioned intermittently by the police, asked to see his lawyer These requests were also denied. Lawyu and client were not pennitted to confer until 9:30 p.m. by which time petitioner had made and signed a writ· ten eonfessi:>n to the murder of Kittuah. The United States Supreme Court refused to ovetturn the conviction. Jn an opinion by Justice Harlan, the court said: The contentio11 that petitioner had a constilu tiona] right ro confer with counsel is dispJsed of by Crooker v, California 35G U.S. 433. There w1 held that California's failure to honor Crooker's request during a period •:>f police interrogation to consult a lawyer, as yet retained did not violate the Fourteenth Amcndcnt. Because the present case, in which petitioner was denied an opportunity to confer with the lawyer whom he had already retained, sharply p:>ints up the constitutional issue involved some additioned observations are iu order. On the one hand, it is indisputable that tht right to counsel in criminal cases has a high }llace in our scheme of procedural safeguards. On the otJ1er hand, it can hardly be denied that adopti-:>n of petitioner's position would constrict state police activities in a manner that in many instances might impair their ability to solve difficult cases. In contrast, petitioner would hav~: us h:>ld that anr state denial of a defendant's request to confer with counsel during police questioning \'iolates due process, irrespective ol the particular circumstances in\'olved. Such a holding, m its ultimate reach, W;Juld mean that state police could not interrogate a suspect before giving him ar. opportunity to secure counsel. Even in federal prosecutions this Court has refrained from laymg down any such inflexible rule. See McWebb v. U.S. 318; Mallory v. U.S., 354 U.S. 449. In Spano v. New Y•:>rk, 360 U.S. (1960) the defendant was indicted for murder, consulted coun· sel, and was surrendered by his counsel to the authorities. Thereafter he was questioned for several hours despite his attempts to follow the advice of his lawyer n.Jt to answer questions. He made several requests to consult his lawyer, all of which were denied. Evenutally he confessed. The Coq,r;t found the confession to be involuntary and reven;ed on that gr:>und without deciding the defendant's contention that he had been deprived of his right to counsel. In a concurring opinion of the Court, Justice Douglas joined by Justice Black and Brennan, stated: While I join the •:>pinion of the Court, I add what for me is an even important ground of decision. We have often divided on whether state authorities may question a suspect for hours on end KHAKI & RED when he has no lawyer present and when he has demanded that he l1ad the benefit o( legal advice. See Crooker v. Sta.te of California, 357 U.S 433 and cases cited. But here we deal not with 1' suspect but with a man who h~ been formally charged with a crime. The question il:l whether after tne indictment mM before the trial the Governn.ent can interrogate tl1e accused in secret \\hen he uskecl for his lawyer una when his requesr was demt.-d. This is a capital case and under the rule oi Powt:ll v. State •:>f Alabama 287 U.S. 45, the defendant was entitled to be lCpl'esented by counsel. Th1s representation by counsel is not restricted to the trial. As stated in l'owell v. Stale of Alubaua, suprn; p. 57: during perhaps the most critical tJeriod or the proceedings :1gainst these defendents, tl.at is to say, f1·om the time of their an'!ligument until the begil .. 1ing of their trial, when con.;ultation, t.horough-gom~; mvestigation and pre!>aration were vitally imilOiiant, the defendantu dit.l not have the aid of coum;c] in any real seuse, although they were as much entitled tl> such a1o during the period as at the trial itself. Depriving a person, formally chart,cd wiU1 a crime, of counsel during the period prior to trial may be more damagiug than denial of coun~d during the trial itself \Ve do not have here mere 11uspe;ts who are being ~ret ly inte!'fogated by the pulice as ir. Crooker \'. State of California, 1mpra, nor witnesse! who are being questioned in secret ndm1nistratin or judicial proceedings as in In re Gt·ollar, 352 U.S. 330 and Anon~·mous l'lo'os. 6 & 7 v. Baker aGO U.S. ~i. x x x As Professor Chafee onte s-aid, person at.:used of crime needs a lawyer right after his al'L'e-31 ]Jrobably more than at any ot]l,r time.' Chafee, Documents on Fundamental Human Rights Pamphlet 2 (1951-1952), p. 541. When he is de· priveo ot' that right after indictment anJ betore trial, he may indeed be llenied effective representation by cvw1sc\ at the only stage wh m le~;al aitl anC. advice would help him. This secret inquisi· tklr by the police when defendant asked for and was denied counsel was as serious an invasion or his ~:onstitulional rights as tht- denial of a contin· uance in order to employ counsel was held to be in Chandler b. Fretag 348 U.S. 3, 10. I join with Judges Desmond, Fuld, and Van Voornis of the New York Court of Appeals (4 N.Y. 2d 256, 266, 173 N.Y.S. 2d 173, 801, 150 N.B. 2d 226, 232-233), in asking, what usc is a defend,mt's right to effective counsel at every stage a! a criminal case, if, while he is hf'l<l awa1ting trial, he can be questioned in the absence of counsel until he confesses! In that event the secret trial m t he palice precincts effectively supplants the pc.blic trial guaranteed by the Bill of Rights. In a separate concurring opinion, Justice Stewart, joineG by Justices Douglas and Brennan, .itated: Indeed t he right to tne assishnce of counsel whom the accused ltimself retained is absolute, whatever the offense for which he is on t rial. Chandler v. Fretag, supra. While I ooncur in the opinion o! the Court, it is my view that the absence of counsel whc" this ~onfession was elicited was alone enough to render it inadmissible under the Fourt*nth Amc<l mcnt. Let it be emphash;ed at t he outset that tltis is not a e..se where the )Jolite were q uestionin ~ f 11us~t in the course of invl"S!igating an unsolved crime: See Crooker v. State of Calitornia. supra; Cicenia "· Lngay 367 U.S. 504. When - t.he petitioner surrendo:>red to the New York autl1oritics he was und!!r indictment for first degree murder. l Underscoring supplied). The Committee on the Bill ·;,f Rights of the American Bar Association in its report to Subcommittee N ). 2 of tile Committee on the Judiciary, House of ~epres· entath•es, United States Congress, declared: In sum, it seems fair t'.l say that there is un· animity for the proposition that "Strict observance <'f same reasonably definite and ruther short tiJnP limit for the detention of a prisoner after arres\ witiwut judicial saneH;,n is vital to personal Iibert}'". (Underscoring supplied). But there 1s a wide divergence of views concerning how definih is "reasonably definite" and how short is "rather short" (Chafee, Documents on Fundar,tental Human Rights, Pampnlets 1-3, (1951-1952), p. 480). The view that the benefit of counsel stuns from the JOOments of arrest and that :t can be availed of by the person arrested or by his representative finds su}.lport also in the official report of the 1958 United Natluns Seminar of the Protection of Human Rights. 'fhe delegates of the twenty nations Ulat met in Daguio from February 17 to March 1, 1958 were generally of the opinion that the right of a person f.o the assistanco: of counsel "should exist from the time when a person was either arrested ..:~r received a summons to appear in court". (Philippine International Law Jounml, Vol. I, No. 1, Jan-March 1962, p. 220). It would seem therefore that the stand Iuken by that' ranking government official in that incident mentioned in the preceding pages hereof i11 refusing to allow the lawyer of the person undergoing police invet;tigation to be present during said interrogation is amply supJIOrled by our law and the jurisprudence in the United States from where we copied our criminal procedure. Now from the point o::Jf view of law er.forcement this question may be asked: What benefit may society deri~e in denying the presence of counsel <luring police investigntion on persons other than those arrested while unaer interr<;gation! In Colombo v Connecticut, 36'/ U.S. Ct. J886, 6 L. Ed. 2d - (19Gl), Justi\!e Frankfurter who penned the majority opinion that voted f<.r the acquittal of lhe accused, recognizing llie effect of the prc.:;ence of coWJsel in a police investi~ation said 'f.a bring in a lawyer means a real peril to solution of the crime because, under our adversary srstem, he deems that his sole duty is to prot...~t his client - guilty or innocent - and that in sucn a capacity he owes no duty to help society solve its crime problem. Under this concepti:>n of ('riminaJ procedure, any lawyer worth his salt will tell tl1e auspect in no uncertain tenns to make- no statement to police under any circumstances. Watts v. State of Indiana, 338 U.S. 49, 57-59. In Crooker v. State of California, s upra, it wne held that to alklW a person to obtain legal udvice before Page 83 :llnjorf Zo!ijimo J. l~uedes, l~ro,•ineinl Con1mander of Jlohol, with Lt Primitil'O \'. Lara, Jr., of 50th PC Company, ins]~tin~ implements illlri other para]Jhe rnalin used in the manufacture of paltik firearms, that weJ'i' oonfisc.atOO from Genaro !bale of Ult,~.y, Bohol, recently. talking with the police "would effectively preclude polic( questioning''. In Cicenia v. Lagay, Supra, it \\'as also held that to do so "would constrict police activities ir. a manner that in many instances might impair their ability to solve cases", Justice Frankfurter continued in ll1e Colombo case: Th(. critical clements of the p.oblem may be quickly isolated in light of what hms already bee•. said. lts first pole is the recognition that "Qu"lH· roni.'ng suspects is indis11ensable in law enlorccment." As the public interest requires that mtco· rogation, and tha~ at a JlOiice statkm, not completely be forbidden, so long as it is conducted fairly, within proper limits and witJJ full regal'{! to tht rightc of those being queslion..!d. (State v. Smith, 32 N.J. 501, 534, 161, A 2-d, 532). But if it is once admitwd that qucstbning of suspects is ,)ermiss1ble, w'hat ever DCason'able means arc needed to n.ake tht questioning effective must also be concede« J.:J lh t)(llice. Often prolongation of the interrogatio.h period will be essential, so that a s uspect's .story can be checked and if it proves untrue he Cb.n '* ~c• rr,onted with the lie; if true, released •rithout charge. (Se Coakley, Law and Police PractiC'!; Restrictions in the Law of Arrest, 52 Nw. U.L Re\', 2, 8-10 (1957), critici:!:ing as possibly too short in some cases, the twenty~fou t· maximum pre-hearing detention period provided by all of tJte Uniform Act, 28 Va. L. Hev. 315, 343, 347, (194~)- O!ten the place of questioning will have to be a police In· terrogation room both because it is imp.:>rtant to assure the proper atmosphere of privacy and non discretion if questioning is to be made productin and because, where a suspect is questioned but not taken inl.>.'l custody, he and tn some cases his associates may take prompt warning and flee the premises. Legal cOullSCI for the suape<:t will generally prove a thorough obstruct'ion. lVhatever fortiftes the suspect or seconds him in hi-3 capacity to keep his mouth closed is a potential obstacle to the Page &4 solution of the crime. (Und~;tscoring supplied). In t-. free society like ours, we face a diler.1ma: either to take a suspect into custody for questioning without the ben.:!fit -af counsel which method is a peril to individual freedom or to consider the case close and fo1·gct it with the suspect nt large. Prominent police authorities, like Kidd, Polife Inter. rogation (1950); Mulbar, Interrogation (Hl51); Dienstein, Technics for the Criminal lnvestigato,r (1952), 97-115; Tnbau and Reid, Lie Defection 'and Criminal Interrogation (1956), 95-126; suggested that in order to cutb third degree methods utilized by the police, a law should be passed providing for &Jme form of preliminary jud:cial interrogation of persons accused of crime, in whidt proceeding the privilege against self-incrimination is t o be so far withdrawn as to permit the prosecution, upon subsequent trial <Of the accused to comme,,t on his re· fusal t o answer questions in that p1-eliminJI'Y judicial interrogation. It is thus admitted that some forrr: of interrogation of criminal suspects is necessary to effective law enforcement. Lord Justice Sir Patrick Devlin of England o.I!J.l realized the importance of police interrogation and in· tet'Vlew when he wrote in 1958 his book, The Criminal ProsecutiOn in England. In part he said: The least criticism of police methods of interrogation deserves to be carefully weighed becaust the evidence which such interrogation produces is often decisive; the high degt-ce of proof which the English lnw requires - proof bey;md reasonabll' doubt - often could not be achieved by the prosecution without the accused's own stt.lement. Thi~ problem of crime detection th-~refore neeU~ serious study because in case11 -of unwitnessed crimes, often there is little else the police can do than interm~ gate suspects as experience shows that this phase Is an indispensable part of criminal investigation. In a Philippine case, People v. Carlos, 78 Phil. 535, it was held that the detention of a prison !r for a period fixed by the law pending investigati<On or trial (Continued on page 87) KHAKI" RED / National Discipline Speech of Congressman GERARDO ROXAS in Cebu City Four hundred forty-two years ago last veek, a great Spaniard in the pursuit of knowedge _ and glory for his coun try, set foot on ~actan Island, a part of this great province. ~eb u. It was a most fortunate day for him, mt to t~e natives of this province his presenc~:: vas an mtmsion in their lives and a threat to heir liberty. Nurtured as they were in the :oncept_ of indcl?enden~e. liberty and freedom, he nattves of th1s provmce rose up in arms and led by L~pu-Lapu, slew the intruder. . My friends, just as Lapu-Lapu, the illustnous son of this province, was the first Fili;>ino hero, our history also reveals that, inter:;persed in. the development of our country as we know 11 today, there were other illustrious sons of this great province who played major roles in our developmer.t as a people and as a country. In every field of human endeavor - in t.he a~ts, in the sc:iences, in literature, in edu~at1on, m the evolvement of our legal system, m the struggle for political independence - then: was always an illustrious son of this great provmce. It is, therefore, with distinct honor and ~l~~s~~~ ~~S{ ~o~~i'!;~;st?:~ir~~~ ~;:~i~r~~s~t'~h~ illustrious sons of Cebu in the fulfillment of our people, in the development of our country, and in our continuing fight for sustenance enlightenment, and liberty. ' I \~auld like to take this opportunity then of talkmg to you on a subject whiCh I personally tee! would be of great value to each and everyone of you and to our people. And this subject is the great need for national discipline. What is national discipline? I do not mean by national discipline the restraint of personal motives. Neither do I mean the sacrifice and surrender of individual freedom, for the welfare of a nation cannot and must not require the limitation of the liberties of its citizens. I do not mean this negative aspect o~ national discipline at all, for it is suggestive of the discipline of an abject and miserable people. The greatest and most absolute discipline is to be found in the cemetery; there order rules and discipline reigns, but the cemetery is a community of citizens that is incapable of ever achieving anything. By national discipline, therefore, I mean a code of individual and social behavior that releases the energies of the people for constructive national pursuits and goals; a social outlook, an ethics of incentive that encourages national achievement. This is what I mean by JULY·AVGVST, 1963 national discipline and, certainly, not the exaggeration of the common connotation of "discipline" which would mean the stifling and stultification of individual initiative. One of the greatest philosophers that this world has produced had said that nothing has been as yet devised that can serve as a greater stimulant to economic and social progress than the desire of every man to seek his self-improvement in an atmosphere of civil and political liberty. This thought he expressed is as true today as when he enunciated it. But what is liberty? Picture a man, the lone survivor of a shipwreck, marooned on a small and uninhabited island. There no laws command him, no rules of decency curb and check his desires, and he is responsible and answerable to no man. He needs no traffic ~~r~~~. ~i~s~~b~g;~n;~her~,r~~ndh~e~~ i~deb~:d to no one. Yet, to this man, justice and morality and freedom can have neither m eaning nor value. Liberty, therefore, is meaningful only when men live in society. And all the magni1 icent achievements that men have attained as expressions of their freedom have been pos!ible only because men had fundamental and common purposes in society. It is, therefore, in the wise and judicious ~:e:~~~~ ~~ ~~~i~f~~~~y ~~J !~f!f1m:· ~~d~ o~;~: the doors of opportunity to individual and national achievement. I have spoken of national discipline as a code of behavior and as a social outlook that encourages the achievement of constructive national goals and purposes. What is the relevance of national discipline to our contemporary situation? We might examine first of all the role of national discipline in the history of other nations. England has a long and colorful history. And yet, from Alfred the Great to Richard the Lion Hearted, to Queen Elizabeth, to Winston Churchill, England has never been able to feed herself from her own resources. For which reason, in cognizance of her own incapacity in this respect, she had resorted to manufacturing in order to finance her food requirements. Knowing that it was in the export trade where the solution lay, the English adapted themselves to the situation and displayed a national discipline most admirably in at least three ways. First, they competed with foreign goods abroad by pricing their products for export cheaper than the selling price for the same items Page 85 at home, The differen ce, w hich is a bout 30% production. It was this same national disciptor medium-priced a u tomobiles, is paid b y the line which enabled the E nglish to withstand Britis h citizen as a purchase tax; and yet, the the p rivations of war a n d to eventually win the British j oke about this high tax and call it the war. "patriOtiC tax". Second, tor about three year s As in politics, so in economic activities. immediately after the war, the British govern- . N atio nal discipline means the fruitful, gainful m e nt announced, and the nation accepted, that and judicious development of our n atural reall wage and salary incomes would be hozcn; sources. N a tional discipline in production this w as to prevent increases in cost of pro- means the fruitful partnership of management duct ion and was relaxed only last year. And and labor in the manufacture o f goods and the thirdly, these ad ver se conditions did not impel extension of services that enrich the lives of all. labor to riot, but rather , the situation only A continuing effort towards efficiency in manuserved as a sti~~S__E? improved efficiency~ -- _ _ _ _ (CoJltinued on page 87) ______ _ Capt. William N. Chavez Camp Crume, Quezon City De:u· Ca pt. Chavez: May 23, 1963 In l\ovembcr 1957, you helped me win a seat in the Pllilpmc Senate. l•'ive and a hair years ll:lvt passed since then, but because I never had the opportunity to atlpl"ise you of what 1 have done in L'w ::.enatc, l am t~king th1s opportunity to send you ht:rewJth atw.ched a_ hst ot bills which 1 authored o1· co-auU10red m t ne Ph1l1ppinc Sena-.:e which were designed to benefit the ufri:ers and meu of the AF'P, the veterans of our Count!') amlloz· their heirs. .._ ..,, Mrs. Ualao joins me in wishing you and your loveci ones the best of health and happines~; always. I am, Sincerely yours, (SgO.) EULOGIO BALAO BILLS AUTHOitED, (,.'0-AUTHORED AND/01{ SPONSORED BY SEl\ATOit EULOGIO UALAO WIIICH HJiCAME LAWS HA No. 3460: lncreasmg the monthly llase pay of EM of the AFP. UA No. 3056: Increasing share or widows and hei1-s 01 deceased officers to receive 75'/c of monthly pension. UA No. 2601:1: Prov1ding that Colonels, Bngadier Gem:~ rals, lst sergeants and Master Sergeants be raised one grade h1gher upon retirement. HA No. 244!:1: J--'aymen~ or Back Longevity Pay to th .. officer of the AFP. RA No. 2331: Allowing officers and enlisted men whc. received gratuity in Jump sum to receive monthly pensiom HA Nv. 2310: Providing that pcusions shal! n.::>t be subject to attachments, levy, execution or any \-ax whatsoever. RA No. 2011: l'roviding for efficent dental care for tht personnel of the Al>'P. UA No. 3015: Grantmg retired officers and enlistea men of the PC pt'!VIteges under HA 340 befQrt World War ll. UA No. ~664: Creating the ''Philippine Veterans Administration.'' UA No. 2645: Granting medical officers of the AFP incentive pay of PlOO.OO a mont~. . RA No. 3()9:t: Granting dental officers of the AFP mcentive pay of t'lOO.OO a month. RA No. 2241 : Recognizing the Veterans of World Wur I. RA No. 2640. Inoorporating the "Veterans Federation of the Phil.h RA No. 3022: Proclaiming April 9th as Bataan Day ano declaring it as a legal holiday. RA No. 2630: Providing for repatriation of Filipinos who accepted commission 111 the US Armed Forces. BILLS AUTHOUED, CO-AUTHORED AND/OR SPONSORED BY SENATOU EULOGIO HALAO WHICH ARE NOW l'lo~NDING CONSIDEHATION SB No, 95: Amending RA 2334, rotation of Reserve Of· fleers. SB No. 124: Providing for successional rights to pensions of officers and enlisted men. SB No. 148: Creating Selection Board to pass on proPage 86 motions to the rank of Colonel. SB 1\o. 173: To establish a National Heroes Commission SB Nu. 241: Bxtending conditional civil service elig1 · bilny to oriicers and enlisted men of the AFP. SB No. :t77: Incorporating the Reserve Ofrice•-s Ll gion ul Lle Phil. SB l'O- 284 : Bnactmg new Firearms Law. 88 No. 29!1: To c:u·ry out an in-service uaining progl.;..r .. for specllllly qua\iftca personnel of t he Burcav af Customs and the Bureau of Internal He\-enue h. cl. l' nihppine Military Academ:(. SB No. 329: Creating the PhiJ.iJlpme Veterans J~ank. SB No. 330: Amendmg Uniform Retirement System 1n ;.he AFP SB No. 3:il. Increasing longevity pay of EM of the AFP. SB No, 348: Rcv:lmping Ute Military Training Progtnm of the AFP . SB No. 403: Granting free hospitalization and free me dicine to veterans of W.arld War I. SB No. 414 : Establishing the Women's Auxilhary Corps. SB No. 417: Increasing the per diems for officers ano employees of the National Government. SB l\o. 424: Amending Articles of war on Court-Martini jurisdiction. SB No. 431 : Amending Purpose Six of Sec. 97 of the National Defense Act. SB No. 437: Authorizing redemption of backpay certificates within a period of 10 years of officers and enlisted men who have been in the service from December 9 up to December 31, 1941. SB No. 442: Authorizing incentive of 1''100.\.IO for ev~'Y JAGS officer On active duty. SB No. 443: Granting a perioa of 5 years from appl.·.::>va! within which backpay claims may be f1led under H.A. 397. SB No. 446: Increasing sea duty pa~- of enlisted men from 10% to 25% of their base pay. SH No. 44!1: Authorizing the PYA to continue processms: and adjudicating Veterans' Claims under RA 1889. SB No. 450: Extending th~ period .r.or .filing pens~ou claims by Veterans of past Ph1hppme Hev01utwn or Wars. SB No. 453: Enacting the Flag :lnd Burial Benefn.s t.aw SB ~:·~ 4~~t:er~~~~-reasing :md adjusting the mOnth\;.> !lase Pay of Commissioned Officers of the AFF. P. S.R. No. 41: Hequestmg the G.:mg~e!;s of t_he US t .... heiJl in having the Memorial conceiVe~ by lt an.d ~01 whiCh the Corregidor-Bataan Memor1al CommiSSIOn was created, built in Corregidor Island and not In any other place in the Philippines. . . S, Jt. lt. No. 2: Creating a temporary commJSSKln to be established hr the government or the US to study the Veterans program or the United States in the S. ci.h~~p~i=.e~.: Defining the Policy of the Republic: ot the Phil. with respect to the just and complete settlement of the Philippine Comm.::mwealt? Veterans and related militnry claims of the RepuiJhc of the PhiJp. pines. KHAKI& RED I _ _ rKHAKI AND RED Edito1· & Gen. Mgr. . .... M'aj, Constantc l\la. Cruz Managing Editor . . . . . . . .Jose N. Halili Bus. Mgr. & Art Diret·tor .Capt. Jose S. Luna Staff Artist . . . . . . . . .Jose 1\I. Eusebio, Jr. Advertising Manager ..... Cott~ Ubaldo Editorial Assistant . . .Carloo F. Orevillo SllbMri ptWn H11l~' In The Phili)> pin·.-.: One Y~"' . • p !O.OO Si% Month• .. 6.00 • T hr'-"' Month• ..... . ......... . . . ..•.. . . , ~.00 In The United Sial._... <>f Amed ea &' Ahooad One Year .,. f'40.00 Si:r Mtmth~ . .. 24.00 11>rce Month~ 12.0(1 Ente'<"l Aa Ser<on<l Cia., Mllll At P <>ot Offire. On No~~mMr 6. 1926. Si~tpl~ Copy; !'I 00 V ol. X~;!~· J:~~~"'Q,~~~-~n ~~;~_""thTtin ~'i~'!;ahulary, T~ls. 71011 or 66611 thru 66620, local 4-H-113 NATIONAL DISCIPLINE lacture will generate public confidence in the integrity of local production. Sincere compliance with the values of manufactured goods a-; advertised will eventually convince Ol!r peopi<> that anything manufactured here in our cou'1try is as good as anything manufactured abroad. For the individual, national discipline means respect for authority; compliance with law, justice, charity, patience, perseverance, tenacity, diligence and determination. It means the gainful use of our time; it means the fruitful exercise of our liberty; it means the development of our talents; and it means the maximum utilization of these talents. It means honesty, integrity and dedication. How can we foster national discipline? We must, of course, odent our youth in the schools along this direction. Our schools alone, however, cannot bring this about for society itself is the greater teacher of values and the molder of morals. Is n:lt a punishment but a necessary exten:;ion ot the well-reorganized power to hold the criminal 8Uspected for investigation. The ruling in this case is of far naching effect in so far as police investigation 01 law enfarcement is concerned. It is hoped that this ruling \\-ill blaze the trails for a better procedure in police investigation without l1owever, sacrificing individual h berlies. As it is, in democratic countries S\Jch as o;1rs, the su~pect or accused enjoys several advantages over the State in many respects. First, is the presumptivn of innocence in his fa,-ar, second, is that his guilt ,;hould be established beyond reasonable doubt, third, he rnr,y obtain compulsary process to compel the attendance oi his witnesses, and lastly, if convicted, he can appet:.\ but the J;l'08eeution cannot with.:mt doing ,-jolenee to t..i.e doetrine of double jeopardy. In some countries the right of confrontation is a constitutional right. In JULY-AUGUST, I963 GREETINGS To The PHILIPPINE CONSTABULARY On Its 62nd A.nnJversary Compliments From - Far East Distributor, Inc. the face of these advantages, the State should be equipped with sufficient weapons lo match if noll eliminate rriminality. We should therefore stick to the present day practice of denying to lawyers their presence du· ring police invest igation. Anyway, the person under investigation, be he a suspect or a mere witness, is reminded of his constituttanal right to remain silent or even refuse to answer any question put to him rspecially those that may incriminate him at the start ol the inquiry. In effect that was what Justices Douglas and Black said in their concurring opinion in the Colt mbe case supra. After quoting the Croocker, the Cic •nia :md the Watts cases, they said: In <~ther words an attorney is likely to int;,rm his client, clearly and unequivocally, that "NO per son x x x shall be compelled in any criminal c:;s{, to bt< a witness against himself," as provided in thf Fiftn Amendment. This is the "evil" to be feaJetl from contact between a poliC"e suspect and his lawyer, While I advocate the continuance of our present pract.ice I endorse the idea of injecting oome safeguards in order to prevent police abuses. In sc doing, however, we should reconcile society's need for police interrogation with society's need for protection from undue infringement of our civil liberties. Pqe 87 COCKFIGHTING . . . (Continued from page 37) cockfighting shall be held and the frequeney thereof, •'In short, we are of tho opinion that the City ordinances relied upon by petitioner herein, aut· horizing cockfighting on Thursday, are invalid. "WHEREFORE, the decision appealed !Nm is hereby nffinned, without special pronouncement as to costs." PROBLEMS OF LAW ENFORCERS. -The foregoing decision of our Supreme Court clearly show!l that cockfighting may be held only in a licensed c-:~ckpit and only on days authorized by law, to wit: (a) On Sundays and legal holidays, except on the 4th of July, 30th of December, ?.laundy Thursday, and Good Friday; an<i, (b) during the celebration or the local fiesta ·Jr in lieu thereof during the holding of an exposition, carnival, ,;~ f air but not exceeding three (3) days in a year. This decision of the Supreme Court, however, failed to put a stop to the holding of cockfight:; on days other th:1n those authorized by law. Many city and municipal councils still insist on enacting ordinances authorizing cockfighting in total disregard of law and jurisprudence on the matter. Thus, the first problem encountered by law enforcers, the Constabulary in particular, is t.'1e adamant attitude of };,cal officials regarding this matter. Under the circumstances, the Constabulary ha~ no ..:~ther alternative but to enforce the law, particu::.rly Article 199 of the Revised Penal Code, quoted hereunder: ''Article 199. Ulegal cockfighting. -- '!'he pcn:~lty of arresto menor or a fine not exceeding- 200 pcoos, or both, in the discretion of the court, shr.l! be imposed upon: "l. Any person who directly or indirectly p:\rticip:~les in cockfights, by betting money or ot!lr.r valuable things, or who organizes cockfights at which bets arc made, on a day other than thQse permitted by law. "2. Any person who directly or indirectly p:\rticipates in cockfights, by betting money or other valuable things, or organizes such cockfights, at a place other" than a licensed cockpit." THE ATTITUDE OF THE COURTS. - Notwil'1standing the OOctrine laid down by the Supreme Court in the foregoing case of Quimsing vs. Lachica, many Courts of First Instance, are inclined to issue either a restraining order or writ of preliminary injunction enjoining the Constabulary to desist from raiding cockpits where cockfighting is illegally being held until after t he question of the validity of the city or municipal ordinance authorizing the holding of such cockfigh ting is resolved. One can imagine the frustration which such a judicial attitude brings in the current PC campaign against illegal cockfighting. There is even an instance of a case being resurrecThd. T he glaring example of this resurrection was an acti-.Jn for Damagt'!s with Preliminary Injunction filed against the Chief of Constabulary, et al, before a CFI on June 9, 1962. After the issues had been joined and arguments heard, the presiding judge dismissed the case for lack of merit. A few months later, the same plaintiff filed an action for the issuance of injunction before the same CFf, but f-;,r unknown reaaons, the case landed in another branch. Promptly and ex parte at that, the judge issued a restraining order enjoining the PC, et al, not to molest or raid the Page 88 illegal cockfighting being held every Wednesday in t.'l cockpit of t he plaintiff. It is rather strange to find ;, this jurisdiction such an instance of a resurrection .. \ a case that had already been dismissed. COCKFIGHTI:\'G FOR CHARITY. - One of th~o strongest arguments of' cockpit operators which argument finds sympathy am;,ng local officials, is that the :~~~n~:u~ocre~~~::n~ 7::t~::a;n;!:!r~~:~~:n;:;• i:~ sure source of funds for charity. Here is a c39e of an evil act sought to be justified with a noble purpose. Charity is the magic word that cleanses the gamblers' money sta ined with the roosters' bhod. It is plainly evident that the evils of cockfighting have penetrated the very core of Philippine social lifP. It would now seem that in the face Qf surmounting difficulties, accelerated by a growing perversion in the sense of social values amongst tl1e masses, any attempt to put a stop to this illegal cockfighting would entail an undertaking, that would be tougher than the Holy Crusade led by King Richurd Qf England. Moral regeneration of the people seems to be among the hardest tasks. It seems that the good laws of the land have failed to change the attitude of the masses towurds this widespread vice. The picture described by the late vernacular paet, J ose Corazon de J esus, popularly known a11 JQse Batute, in his immortal poem, entitled "ANG MANOR KONG BULIK", has remained the same . Sa Umagang pagkagising Ang manok kong bulik ay hihimasin, Bago ang bigas n:~ pang-saing, Patuka muna sa manok kong sasabung in. * -HAPSBattery Supply and Electrical Service WILFREDO HEREZ Gen. Manager 675-G E. Delos Santos Ave. Cubao, Tel 7-04-22 Quezon City KHAKI .. RED Missing Page/s Cover-4