The Little Apostle of the Mountain Province

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Part of The Little Apostle of the Mountain Province

Title: The Little Apostle of the Mountain Province
Description: The organ of the Missionaries of the Immaculate Heart of Mary (Scheutreid Fathers in the Mountain Province of the Philippines)
Edited and published monthly
Issue Date: Volume I (Issue No. 7) December 1924
Publisher: The Catholic School Press
Year: 1924
Language: English
Rights
Place of publication: Baguio
extracted text: 13nl. j, Nn.7 Drrcmbrr 192-4 ;' ~~ ~ ~ } .. I :merry ~hristmas !inPP!! Ncw!JCitr ~'- 1924 - 1925 . ~~~~~ ... ~!(_~~Ir ';If ~~G'.\-.~~A -~ <Cnthnlfr §rhnnl llrrss, IBngufn. ffit. Dr. THE LITTLE APOSTLE OF THE MOU:lTAIN PROVINCE Tlw official. organ of ti1e .1fi,.;ir>1uirics o_f the I·n.-n'tettlMe Heart of Jf·iry (Soheutveld Father&) f.11 the Jlmmt<ii11 Pruuince of the Philif!pi11es. Edited and published monthly Editor ........ REV. 0. YANDEWALLE, P. 0. Box 1:1.'3, M"'nlla, Phil. Is. Publishers ........ THE CATHOLIC ScnooL PRESS. Bai:mio, Philippines. Yearly subscription price: J P1.oo for the Ph\lippines 1 $1.00 for the U. S. and Foreign Countries. All checks and money orders should be made payable to THE LITTLE APOSTLE, '.llanlla, P.I. Notice regarding change of address should be sent promptly. All communications must be addressed to: THE LITTLE APOSTLE P. 0. Box 1393, }!ANILA, Philippines. 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Hi Carriedo 317, Manila ~ xxxx:gxzzxzgg:ggxggxxxggggggxgxx:x::ggxazxxxxxxx ~I PRO VE CHEN la ocasion del cambio para comprar en condiciones javorables Toda clase de ohjetos religiosos, imitacion Bronce y Onix. LA CENTRAL JOYERIA ARMAS Y MUNICIONES ESCOLTA 29 MANILA, P; I. I! ~~;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;~:~ Save Every Centavo You Can Then open a SAVINGS ACCOUNT with us. You need only ~J.00 to start the Account and it can be done by Mail. It pays 43/z % interest quarterly. Write to our Savings Account Department for information. The Bank of the Philippine Islands Cebu, WILLIAM T. NOL TING, President. Head Office:- Manila. Branches Iloilo, Zamboanga. •' ~ ~~....e=-:-""""'~~~~~-,F.'--=~~~~_,~~~-......-?=.~-4-~~,;~~~-:_:=.~==-==?: ~LOST OPPORTUNITIES .... Yoti will often hear men and women say: "I wish I knew how to use a typewriter. There are so many times that I could save hoth time and money, but I hav~n· t time to learn now.'' They lost their opportunity to learn when it could have been done without any special effort or time. Whm? 'Vhen they were in school they done a great deal of writing in preparing lessons just as you are doing and if they had done this writing on a typewriter they would have accomplished two things at one time, i. e. their lessons and the practice in typeing. THEY LOST THEIR OPPORTUNITY - ARE YOU ALSO LOSING YOURS? ~ ' t. 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B story of the boyhood and a="§== youth of Paul brings the apostle Pau.1 and the people of his time into the living present, and makes them seem as one of us. e A stciy ai;y l:c.y will ove. 0 - p 4.20 ~ Pau Son of Kish The Beauty in Religion -- E 1Wawle lloyden. ~ All things bright and beautiful a All creatures great and small 9 All things wise an:l wonderful S The Lord God made them all. E Magallanes 106-108 lntramuros The Beauly in Religion - - - P 2.75 ~ Manila, I. F. Telefono 3535 Parenthood and Child ~ Antigua Botica Ramirez (Antes Zobel) Established in 1834 ~ urture, b11 Edna Dean § Baker. ~ A study of the raising and eda = a ucating of a child rom baby- .. hood to eleven years of age. a Parenthood and Child Nurture - P3.30 5 123-125 ·Calle Real ( lntramuros ) Choosing a Career, by ~Marden 3.85 ~ Tel. No. 425 P. 9. Jim: 929 Woman and the Home " ,, 3.85 G MANILA il Stories of the Wagner Opera, b.'f a Gtoerber 3.00 I Philippine Education Co., Inc. ~ A. GARCIA PROCESS ENGRAVER t Manila, P. I. i ~ ; 32 Sta. Potenciana. Maiiila, P.I. j Phone 27J5 34 Escolta I . '"""* 01 ""'''**X****XI'"" "''*'**l"*''o""**** anz:t ' nnr.•: I I I I I I I 100 0 C #I I I I I 10 0 I I 540 Sales, Sta. Cruz P.O. Box J80J, Phone J262 ::::x===========x==x=======ax=========*************----"H ALHAMBRA CIGAR & CIGARETTE MF'G. CO. MANILA, P. I. CIGARILLOS TABACOS H H = = = = I = CAGAYANES CORONAS = H ISABELAS EXCELENTES ~ ENTRE LARGOS ESPECIALES " ROYALES BELLEZAS I IMPERIALES PRESIDENT ES w I a k--**********************:Z:.::********#**#********c**Zam~ His Excellency, Mons. Piani, Apostolic Delegate blesses the "Little Apostle" to My Dear Little Friends the Readers of "The Li1 tle Apostle." Allow me to take the opportunity by the title you are so proud of, of "Little Apostle", to animate you to really be such, pointing out some ways how to easily obtain it. Little Apostles means little missionaries, becauo:c the wcrd "apostle" signifies "messenger." You know very well that Our Lord chose t we! ve apostles and sent them to preach to all nations. The word "missionary" also means "messenger", and the missionaries continue to do what the apostles did. My Dear Children, I want you to be little missionaries. The missionaries work amongst people and tribes that don't know yet nor love Jesus, Whom you are so lucky to love and know. They have left their parents, relatives and friends, their c::rnntry and comforts, consecrating their lives to the salvation of souls. But they need somebody to help them and, my children, notwithstanding your littleness, you can help them efficaciously. This is why I tell you that you must really be little apostles. You may ask me: and how can we be so ? Here there are some ways, which you can take advantage of, still remaining with your parents or at School. 1) Every day say a little prayer for he missionaries and for the souls encharged to them. 2) Read and make your little friends read the "Little Apostle'', that every month visits you so kindly. 3) Save a few cents even at the expense of some sacrifice or mortification and keep them for the missionaries. 4) With permission of your parents or superiors put apart for the missions some little gift or thing not necessary to you. 5) Helped ·by your parents, superiors or some good friends, prepare at home or in your College some entertainments with songs, poetry and speeches about the missions. Perhaps some of you could celebrate the "Missions Day". 6) Try to have and keep always some little picture, medal or souvenir to remember you the missions and the holy missionaries and pray for the conversion of heathen children. 131 7) You could also send to the missionaries or to the Director of "The Little Apostle'', enclosed with your alms, yo'..lr name in order that the missionaries give it to some of the children they baptize. £) Finally, try to excite in your classmates and friends the spirit of charity and zeal which animates you and the desire to work for the m1ss10ns. Doing so you will greatly please the Friend of the Children, Jesus Christ, and the Holy Father Pius XI who is the Pope of the Missions. Blessing you all most heartily, with best wishes for a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year, I am Your affectionate friend in Christ, t WILLIAM PIANI Apostolic Delegate. "falling Down, They Adore Him" When you bend the knee as you enter the church, do you realize what the act means? Not all Catholics do if we may judge by the quick little jerk that they give by way of genuflection. We are instructed to bow the head with respect to the house of God, even if the Blessed Sacrament is noG there, but in the presence of the Blessed Sacrament we must give a greater mark of reverence. That is why we are told to bend the knee to the ground. The lighted lamp, growling on the altar, proclaims that the Blessed Sacrament is in the tabernacle. Surely no other warning should be needed to draw from us every outward mark of love and reverence. ''When you see this lighted lamp on entering the church," says a zealous prelate, "bend your right knee to the ground-down to the ground, remember. That is the rightful way to adore Our Lord present in the Sacrament. It is an act of the highest worship and you should make it with all reverence. If you do not call to mind or notice that you are in the presence of Our Lord Himself, you will not feel hµmbled as you ought, or show the reverence you owe Him all the time you are in His House." When the Wise Men came to Bethlehem, what was their first act? The Scripture tells us, "Falling down they adored Him." We do the same thing before the Blessed Sacrament. Therefore, when you come into the church, never forget this act of reverence, never forget the homage due to the great God, Who reposes there in the tabernacle waiting for you and for me to come to Him. He watches with a Father's love for the little signs of true Catholic devotion that prove how close He is held in the hearts of His children. If we truly love God, we can never be heedless of His Presence. Smuu::unSEHRY Christmas! Yes, ~ § Chri,,tiaus, you have a :!J ~ right and a duty to be ;'"'""" :auil merry. To you as to t.he shepherds was brought the good 11ews of the birth of your Savior: a God-man. And as the Shepherds you answered the good tidi11gs, you took refuge in the tren1bliug lit-tie arms oft he Baby, soon to be uai led on tlB shameful Cross, to untie your bonds of infernal slavery and open the gates of Heaven. The Kings 'brought their royal gifts to their Master, and then they returned to their country like Saints, determined to work their way to Heaven. But to you Jesus Himself has sent His divine presents of faith and grace, the road to the eternal Paradise. Have you bePn, are you the men of good will to whom He promised peace? Have you the good will, that is the will of Our Lord, who came down from heaven to convert infidels? Can there be found a better will than the will of divine Baby? How much of this will have you shown until now? How far have you imitated the good will of Christ? What sacrifices have you made ? For a good will must be efficacious and not stop at mere desires: Jesus willed our salvation and He worked it out at the price of His cruel Passion and shameful DPath. Here, in the Philippines, live 300, 000 Igorotes, Pagan,,, under the flag of your country. No, for them, there is no Merry Christmas. You enjoy the light and gifts of the Lord. They sit in the darkness of their spiritual poverty. Is it their fault they had no Missionaries to show 133 them the road to Bethlehem, Golgotha and Heaven ? Send them catechists and priests and they, too, like the Pagan Magi, will bring to the Lord the royal gifts of their faith and service. But give them this chance. Without your heip no missionary can live among them, without your alms, they are doomed to weep forever over their own blindness. And does their miserable temporal and eternal condition not appeal to your Christian heart, to your good will? 'You are daily receiving God's divine presents for here and hereafter. Show you really appreciate such favors and for the sake of the Giver of all gifts, help others to partake of the good tidings of Bethlehem by giving them spiritual and material alms. And the thought that you cooperated with the divine Baby in realizing the purpose of His descent from Heaven and His elevation on the Cross, would it not make you happy and merry, now, later, when you die, and hereafter ? Merry Christmas! and truly merry shall it be to those of good will: this is the word of God Himself: M e r r y CHRISTMAS! As others saw him A rather pompous-looking pedagogue wasendeavoringto impress upon the young minds of a class of boys the importance of living a Christian life. "Why do people call me a Christian, Children?" the worthy master asked standing very erect and smiling down upon them. A moment's pause-then a shrill little voice was heard to say: "because they don't know you, sir". 134 fianza, the great Apostle of Benguef By Fafher Leon Quinteliu Jose S111ith Ffonza Fianza was an Igorote from Itogon, Benguet. A convert since 1907, he became the right hand of the Missionary of Itogon and a true Apostle of the whole eastern part of Benguet. He died in 1922 on the 10th of January, of typhoid fever, and although I am an old Missionary, for 15 years in the mountains of Itogon district, alth001gh I am accustomed to the sacrifice of my de~r father and mother, I have to avow that, on the day of Fianza's death,, I shed many tears. I knew what I had lost as a friend, as a Catholic, as an apostle and, I was about to say, as a saint of my beloved mission. '-'God gave him, God' took him: blessed be His Holy Wilf", but part of my heart was buried with Fianza. Already under the Spanish regime Fianza had desired baptism. He intended to go to Trinidad to ask this grace from the Augustinian l\Jissionary of that place. But his wife was an obstacle: she refused baptism and opposed that of her husband under the false but at that time common impression _that all who received baptism were to be buried at Trinidad after their death. No, the woman would not allow that: united together at Itogon, in Itogon she would remain with her husband even after death. But Fianza was not the man to give up his conviction. More and more he learned of the Christian doctrine. More and more he insisted on his faithful wife becoming a Christian. Finally in 1901 he won his vietory over the good wife: she consented to become· a Christian. To Bagni-0 he went where he knew Mgr. Agius, then Apostolic Delegate, spent a vacation. He tuld the prelate that he and his family wanted to be bapt.ized. He said he wanted a priest at Itegon becau!!e he wanted all his eountrymen to be baptiz~d. He added that he wanted to go to Heaven with his whole family and .with all his neighbors. What Eimple faith! How grand in the heart of an Igorote who had seen only the corruption of Paganism but had learned the value of Faith in God and the Catholic Church! Mgr. Agius himself went to ttogon to baptize Fianza with his wife and five children. Governor General Smith was Fianza's godfather and he gave his godchild the name of Jose (JoE"eph). Fianza was then 45 years of age, the most influential man of Eastern Benguet. If up to now he had been a. man of character, kind and·jovial, energetic and thrifty, he woutd henceforth put these noble qualities at the service of his apJstolic soul, to work o·nt his plan told in simple words to the Apostolic Delegate: he. wanted his oountr~·meil of the It:>g(;!n. tlistrict to beoome-'Chrts• tians; to: g-0 with,th~ to Hea'ven after a truly. Christiail life on earth: Would he be· true to his w-ord.:'? While Fiariza was still a Pa;gan, he· had, nevertheless, said. faFeWell al• ready to many pagan supetistitions. His clever mind made him undel'Stantl the futility of such sometimes barbarous practices. Mauy new born babies. wi>uld on account of some superStition have been buried alive, had not· I<'ianza forbidden this inhuman murder by 135 ignorant superstitious patents. It happened during the Spanish regime t'hat two IgOTote sisters were supposed to be witches, ·caush1g' sickness and death among their neighbors. This.was enough to be not only hated, abandoned by the Tgorotes, but also to be accused of false crimes before the Government. Only one man in the district. notwithst.!l<nding the fear and hatred of all, notwithstanding·a possi· ble r.e;venge, only one man among the Igorotes who knew the supposed witches, was clever· enough to see the ridicule of tlae imputation and only ene ·man was courageous enough against everybody to defend the two poor women·: it was Fianza. He went to the Commander of Trinidad, exposed the case, asked the liberty of the poor prisoners and said he would be responsible for them in the future. He Was allowed to take the sisters with him to Itogon where one of them is still living and a Christian mother of eight Christian children. A light in the darkness shines with double brightness. So Fianza, clever and ··right as he was, became natur11.lly fhe universally acknowledj.!'ed Judge of rich and poor, of young and old, of Christian and Pagan in the eastern part of Benguet. Even the northern inhabitants of'the provin:ce called ripon him to jlidge their many differences and quarrels. Wherever he went at the occasion of Igorote feasts or for private atfairi;:, with the priest·or without him, there was always SO'Ine dispute broul!'ht before him. 'When the old men, t:h'e ordhlary judges of ea-c.h town, eould not clear 11p 11 caFe, th~y sent for Fian~ ai1d ne settled the displ:lte ·afrer an impnrtral but thorough lnvestigatiott, and when it seemed almost impossible to do justice to both parties conceI'lled in the quarrel, then Fianza tr.ied to bring them to reason inviting them to give up part of rights they were claiming and to live hence136 forth as friends in peace and good understanding. But whenever he saw the injustice of one of the parties, he might be rich, or old, or for another reason feared or respected, Fianza told him the truth. If the loser was poor, Fianza gave his just sentence too, but then he pleaded pity for the destitute. Often have I been a witness not only of his humanity, but, of his Christian charity. Here follows an example among the many: it was at Bokod. Two old people, brother and sister, appeared before him to expose their quarrel and ask justice. The man accused his sister of stealing the water he needed on his own rice:fields and which he had brought thru a canal he made at his own expenses, from a great distance upon his properties. The witnesses were heard. It was that the woman, a poor widow, had no right to the water. Thus declared Fianza, but immediately he added the following: "Pintian, he said, have a heart for your sister. Let her have some of the water, on her ricefield. She has only one. lf one of your rice:fields remains dry, you have others left. When your sister has nothing to eat, it is your duty to feed her. Better if you give herthe means to produce her own food". Fianza was a right but charitable judge of peace. (To be continued) Blessed Eve Eve was born at Liege, Belgium, at the beginning of the thirteenth century. Her parents' names are not known. Her rank assured her a brilliant future, but at the age of twenty she felt a profound disgust for the world and wished to consecrate herself to the service of God. The life she chose was that of a recluse. She had a clOl'led cell constructed near the Church of St. Martin in her native city and shut herself there. The particular life of Blessed Eve is but little known to us. We learn that as a result of her prayer, God enriched her with treasures of grace. She found near the sanctuary something of those joys which the blessed know always in heaven. When St. J ulla.na came and made known to hel' a vision which had to do with the establishment of a new feast in honor of the Blessed Sacrament, Eve entered into the idea with enthusiasm. Finally, between them, they convinced the ecclesiastical authorities of Liege and then the Pope at Rome, that God willed the establishment of the feast in honor of the Blessed Sacrament, and Corpus Christi was celebrated first in Belgium and then throughout the world. It appears that Eve died about the year 1265 after having passed thirty or fol'ty years of her life in profound and austere solitude. 137 The Psvchology of the Filipino By Hon. Norberto Romualdez .Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippine Islands (Contimwtion) 2. Filipino Dialects. It has been sai<l that there are many Filipino dialects. But if one l"tu<lies these dialects scientifically, he will inevitahly find that all of them have a common origin. It does not take the Ilokano many weekR to talk Bikolan or Bisayan, or a Bagubo to talk Pampangan. It did not take long for the thousands an<l thousands of Bisayans, Bikolans, Pampangans, Pangasinans, Ilokanos and Kagayans who are now living in :\[anila to talk the Tagalog llialect. It is because the nature of all of these dialects is the same. Of course, there are some accidental and superficial differences which are due, in my judgment, first to the fact' that the population of this Archipelago, was formed, as we have seen, hy distinct and successive immigrations, and, even in the sa1.ne immigration, there were different groups, the balagays in each boat, establishing themselves independently from the other groups; and second, to the topography of this country which is divided into islands with mountain an<l sea barriers. As we go deeper into the study of the grammar and vocabulary of the dialects, they show to have a common origin, which is no other than an old language from which werP formed the Persian, the Arabian, the Hebrew arid the Indian tongues, some characters of which prPdominate in our dialects even at present. The Filipino dialects, however, have sprung from the Oeeanic family because the immigrations to these Islands ante-date the diffusion of the Sumatran people. Mr. A.H. Keane says, in his work on Ethnology (Cambridge, 1909): "Thus may now be understood the otherwise inexplicable phenomenon, that the Malagasy language has on the whole perhaps more intimate re 1 at ions with these of the Philippine Archipelago, of Melanesia, and even f,f Easter Island 'within measurable distance' from South America, than with the standard Malay of Menangkabau, almost the nearest land in Malaysia to Madagascar. All are independent offshoots of the common Oeeanic speech, which has its roots in Central Asia, and of which Malay proper is relatively Apeaking quite a recent development." -- Of course, in speaking about the Malay proper, this author refers to the later malays, the Orang Malays in the strict sense of the term, and not to the Malays who had immigrated to the Philippines 133 many centuries before. We know that five great families of human speech have their homes, as vernaculars, in India, such families being the Aryan, the Draridian, the M!tnda (probably the oldest language), t.he Mon-Khmer, and the Tibeto-Chinese. It seems clear fhat our dialects belong to the Draridian family. (See an article written by G. A. Grierson, entitled "The Indian Empire", published in "The Imperial Gazetteer of India", Vol. I, Descriptive, Oxford, 1909, pp. 349-394). For this reason we find in our dialects some words of the languages derived from these five big families of languages in India, and even from the Arabian tongue. From the Persian, for example, we have shalwar (trousers) which is saru7l.'al in Bisayan, and salawal in in Tagalog. Pa (foot) which in Tagalog is paa, a word that in Bisayan means thigh. From the Sumatran, we have baldy (house) which it: the same in Bisayan, although in Tagalog is Bahay,· dulag (low table) the same as in Tagalog; Kwalt (frying pan) which is also kwaU in Pah'lpangan, and kawalf iri Tagalog; sulu (torch) the same in Bisayan and Tagalog. From the Arabian language, we have sutat (to write) which is also surat in Bisayan, and sulat in Tagalog; :pikir (to think) which is also pikir l.n Tagbanwa; sambak (a flower widely known in the PhilippinP-s) 'vhich is called sampaga in Tagalog. From the Tibeto-Chinese family, we also have some words in. onr dialeets. The word Siam, the name of one of the old kingdoms in the Southenst Asia, is used in Bisayan, Tagalog, Parnpangan, Pangasinan, and llokano, to mean nine. The word Annam, the name also uf nne of the countries on the-south of China, and the capital of which is Saigon, is the word for six in Pampangan, as it is· in Malay, trant:formed into anim in Tagalog and Pangasinan, into anum in tlie Panay Bisayan, i"nn1m in Ilokano, and unom in the Leyte and Cebuan din.lects. Coming to a comparison of the Filipino dialects as between themselves, with a view of demonstrating a common linguistic origin, I can say that there is such an abundance of old Malay words in them all, that such linguistic origin cannot be denied. There are some differences between the modern Malay and the Filipino dialects, and this difference is explained by the fact already indicatefl th<it the Malay immigrants to this country are not the Malays existing after the diffusion of the Sumatran people, which took place only about eight or nine centuries ago; but the earlier Malays, one of the more remote and more a r c h a i c members of the Oceanic family. Thus, ll.s Professor Kean observes, the numerals sei·en and eight correspond in all these languages (the Filipino dialects, the Javaneese, the Maori, Tahitian, and other Polynesian tongues) to the words pito (seven) and walo (eight), but not in the comparatively recent Malay where seven is tujoh, and eight, delapan. As to grammar, all the Filipino dialects are based 011 comm•rn ba::;ic principles. None has a special verb corresponding to the English to be. The etymology is also common as. to the fon.nation, derivation and grammati<-al accidentR of the words, al I these dialects being aggl uti,nati ng. As to the vocabulary, there are, as I have indicated, some a1:cidental differences consisting mainly in the phonics and in some changes in the use or meaning of the words. The run.in phonetical differences between the Tagalog, the Bisnyan and the Fampaogan dialects, iti.found in the pronunciation of the. old Filipino u the o·riginal sound of which may he. as yet detected in some remote regions in these islantls, sound somewhat similar to that of the French u or the Dutch U at the end o{ wOl'ds. This son nd is d iffenmtly emitted now among the Tagaiogs, ancf among the Bisayans and PamJilangans, the differ.ence hn.ving been aceentuated by the infiuenee of the o•:cidental phonetics. Thus, the Tagalog words amin, atin. attp, are pron<mnced in Bisayan amon, a/on, Jtop. The Tagalog word lalim (depth) is lalam in Pampangan; t.he Pampangan word ma.\lam (acid) is maa lum in Bisayan. One of the differences betwten Pampaugan and the :)ther dialects, is that the sound 1•f ay is emitted in Pampanhan as the English a in p1per, and written in said dialect with e. Hence the Tagalog word palay (rice), in the 139 Pampango dialect is pale, and the Bisayan balay, in Pampango is bale. There is also in Pampango r;iorne repugn-an('e to the aspirate h. The Tagalog halagd (price) is alagd in Pnmpan1mn. One of the peculiarities of the Ilokano dialect consists i_n preserving its character of heing an agglutinating tongue; thus, in Bisayan we say si aka (I), but in Ilokano we say siak. only one word. The Bisayan phrase na surat ako (I am writing) iH only one word in Ilokano: agsuratdk. J. <irammar. The use of the article in our .dialects is much like in Greek, Italian, French, Spanish, English, arid Ger. man. We have also two articles, the determinate and the indeterminate, although we have only one and the same form for the masculine, feminine and neuter genders, and also for the .singular an<l plural numbers. In the plural, however, the article is followed by the word "mga ' composed of the particle ma which indicates abundance, and the word ga which in i:self is n relative pronoun equivalent to the English "that" or to the Latin qui, quae, quod. But, unlike the European Ian· guages. we have an arti<,le which may be called personal, for it al ways precedes the na111es or the personal pronouns. Thus, except in the vocative case. we do not use proper nouns without this artiele, which is the word ~i. \Ve <lo not 8_a.y, Ptdro alone; but si P_dro, in Tagalog a,1 il 140 in Bisayan, and i Pedro in Pampangan. The reason why this article is only i in Pampangan, is lwcaube in Pampangan, the aspirate sound of the h is usually avoided, and in Bisayan this artide si. especially in Oriental Leyte and Samar, is pronounced hi iu conversation. In order not to lengthen this lecture too much, I shall confine myself to some interesting peculiarities of language, observable· in the following: In personal and possessive pronouns, we have for the first person in plural, a special we and our. In English and other lBuropean languages we and our express persons and property of J}ersons, respectively, either excluding or including the person spoken to. In the Filipino dialects; we have for each of the two cases, that of the inclusion of the person spoken, and that of his exclusion, the proper independent forms. \Vhen we or our includes the person addressed, we say in Tagalog ta yo (we), atin (our), and in Bisayan kita (we), aton (our). But when we or our excludes the person sp:lken to, we say in Tagalog and in Bisayankamf(we), and amin (our) in Tagalog, amon (our) in Bisayan. Thus, when, speaking to another, we say in English we are debtors, then, under ordinary circumstances, and without any previous or contemporaneous understanding, the person spoken to may not know whether he is included or not among the debtors spoken of. But in our dialects, there can be n<i such uncertainty and confusion even in the absence of any determinative circumstance. The pronouns alone, give certainty. If in our statement we are debtors, we mean to include the person to whom we are speaking, we say in Tagalog may ufag tayo, and in Bisayan may utag kita. · But if we mean to exclude the person to whom we are speaking, then we say both in Tagalog and in Bisayan may utag kamf. With respect to verbs, 1 ha\'e already indicated that we have 110 independent root for the verb to be. Essence, existence, or quality are expressed by the qualifying adjective, and status or 'condition, by adverbs of place, or nouns used in the form of verbs. 1 must mention an ingenious remark which Dr. Rizal, made about the Tagalog verbs in his inedited work "Estudios sobre la Lengua Tagala", the original of which you have here in this very.Ateneo, presented by Rizal to his beloved Professor Fr. Sanchez. Rizal said that in the formation of tenses in the indicative mode, the Tagalog first forms the future tense, by repeating the first syllable of the root, then the past tense with the particle um inserted in the root, and it is then that the present. tense is formed by combining the future tense with the past tense, because, according to him (and here lies his ingenuity) the present is nothing but the future which is passing. Hence for example, the verb kain (to eat), forms 141 r~.,,_~'!!.!Elli-;j;}l!P-.:~rQ~-::;.:;;;;.__ara•~c:i~-~m;;;:,_,ji#ii!l:llY':!IW[!S>-;;;,,..,jJili.111..~, ; • CURRENT EVENTS + ! L.,.. .<!!E&C¥ ._. -...a•o,-.==::._•-=~•"31R!l4Zlila•ccli'.iliiS:r.-A.A..•~iJ Philippines At the end of October,- the Philippines had its race-riot; agaimt the Chinese .. It started at Manila and had its repercussion in seYeral other towns. Several Chinese shops were looted, many Chinese were wounded and one killed. Some Filipinos too were l>rui<ed and many were put into jail. What was the cause? What is the les>on? A quarrel started between a Filipino and a -Chines!". In the rciw that followed. between Chinese and Filipinos of the gathered crowd a p::>liceman got shot and a Chinese was killed. Hence the anger on both sides. Later a Manila paper pullished a falEe telegram sa,ying that 80 Fili~ ino& -had ~et11 kill~ ed in China. Hence the deioire of tbe Filipinos of a terrible revenge.. vVhen the falsity of that telegram wa-; discovered, peace was reestablished. Nev• er should an il)~liy~dual take the Jaw into his own hands. A private quarrel l>etween two <;litferent nationals is not a reason why the m~mbt1rs of these nationalities ~h-Ould fight each other: the tribunals are establised to punisP, the delinquents. Above all, papers should IJe very careful never to print any false news against a n;itiori th~t may stir up the spi_rits .of the pai:er's country, and if the paper does, it should IJe severely punished. Political conlroversions. MM. Quezon, Osmena and Roxas the leaders of the dominating party having returned from United States where they went to ask immediate Independence, dedared that imtead of immediate independence; the Philippines were promised the Fairfield !Jill (which seen the great majority of Republicans in Co111<ress and Fairfield not being n~e JectEd, \\ill very probaLly be pigeonholed). In suhstaEce-they declared to the people: "vVe do not approve the Fairfield hill." Mr. Recto, democratic member of the Indeoendence ~fission, arriving shortly after, said: "Messrs Quezon, Osmefia and Roxas while at Washington approved the Fairfield bill.'' "lt is a lie," faid the former. "I wilr rroYe what I say, answered Mr. Recto, and to begin : Please show me for om·e the text of your raCliograms sent .to '.VashingtCn -when still on the ship. After, I tell ~·ou: some of the telegrams published in -.\ianila and su.ppvfed to have been sent by )[essrs Quezon etc. were made here in Manila." Finally the four·.\fi<sioners held a puulic discussion about their differences, voting all for immediate inderendence, but each one of them stiC'king to his former declarations. The fair field bill in a nutshell. Mr. Fairfield, American Senator, drew up the following bill granting the follO\\ ing kind of il1dependenc~ to the Philippi-nes: ·within twenty years the Philirpines shall Le independent. As soon as this !Jill is approved, the Filipinos will call up a constitutional convention whom duty it shall betoredact a constituti0n, in which fhall IJe set forth that the Filipino Government 142 shall be a republic, that Americans and Filipinos shall have equal rights, that there shall be complete religious freedom, that trade relations between the U. S. and the P. I. and all foreign affairs shall remain in the hands of the U. S., that the P. I. shall not make any foreign loans without the consent of the U.S., that all laws concerning tariffs and currency reserves must be signed by the President of the U. S., that Congress has a right to approve or disapprove all laws enacted by the Filipino legislature and that U. S.' troops shall remain in the Philippines to watch future developments. Then the Constitution must be approved by a popular vote, a Governor General must be elected and this foregoin;r must be done in four years. Twenty years after, the Philippine independence will be proclaimed. An American Commissioner will be appointed to watch the Philippines. A Filipino Commissioner. will be sent to the U. S. to defend the interests of his country. During this time of probation the President of the U. S. may take over any branch. of the Philirpine Government, he may veto anymea·sure, may take over the ·customs to pay debts in case the Philippine Government fails to pay them. Such is iri substance the Fairfield bill about which Mr. Quezon an!'.]. M:r. Recto have their row. Foreign United States. President Coolidge, Republican, has been elected as the immediate and capable successor to the late President. Previously to President Harding's death, when the Tea-pot· dome scandal was investigated and when at some partial elections, Democrats had been victorious, it had been pronosticated that a Democrat President might have been elected last Nove·m ber. Hence why that complete victory of Mr. Coolidge and the Republicans? For Mr. C-oolidge has 3S2 votes in the electoral college against Mr. Davis, the Democrat candidate who has 136 and ~fr. Lafollette,· an independent candidate only ·13, while the Republicans have a majority of 29 in·the'next house of repreEentatives, and they may have a majority of one vote in the Senate. First: it· seems that the American people reward- ordinarily a vice-president who finishes the term of a deceased Pre"sident by electing him to succeed him in turn. Such Was the case with Vice-President Coolidge who finished th'e presidential term of the deceased Mr. Harding. Second: Mr. Coolidge had the whole administration in hts favor, and besides was the most popular candidate of the Republican party at its convention, so-that he got eleded at the convention ~ith a great majority. Besides his administration as President had pleased the country. Last but not least, the Democrats did not present thei most popular man at the elections. In their convention after more than one hundred elections for a candidate, the deadlock between McAdoo and Smith, forced them to elect a less known man, Mr. Davis. Many democrats went home sore at heart because their candidate had not been chosen. Hence at these last elections they did not support with all their strength the official candidate of the Democrats. Many even mayhavevoted against Mr. Davis for the same reason. This perhaps explains why at New .York Mr. Coolidge won against Mr. Davis, while· Mr. Smith, the democrat candidate for Governor, was elected by a majority of 150,000 votes against Mr. Roosevelt, Republican, the son of the popular President Roosevelt. May the administration of Mr. Coolidge 1.:e a great success. England. in England have given the Conservatives, the overwhelming majority in parliament of 412 against 152 members of the Labor Party aml 42 Liberals. The English people are by nature conservative. The Labor Party, or the moderate socialist party, had been in power for several months while the Liberals and Conservatives could not agree to rule the country tog"ether and wished to gi\'e the Labor~ ites a chance to do in exterior politics what they themselves could not do, after their· former statements about the policy to be followed with France and Germany. In the meantime the English people began to dread the socialist policy. The unemployment had not bettered and this is a real burden on the country. Taxes become higher aud higher. The commerce does not improve as it should. So the people liave expressed in these last elections that they want a stable Government which does not fraternize too much with .the Soviets of Rµssia, finds a solution against the English boycott in Egypt, a wise administration to quell the continual unrel"t in India and a good understanding with the Colonies, now and then not at all very submissive to the Mother Country. May the Conservatives succeed in these wishes. 143 Spain. Rumors of a coming revolution in Spain are heard. After several years of disturbances by several provinces asking autonomy, after the Militarists replaced both Chambers to do away with a too lenient _Government, after man)' revers.es in Maruecos, it is rather natural that the ousted-out politicians, the dormant nationalism of the provinces, and democracy under the heels of the Militarists talk about revolution. But the· Government has taken steps to quell it by preventing the entrance of arms thru the Pyrenees: there may harpen !'Orne local fights, but in general the country wants peace and prosperity thru peace. China. As said in the "Little Apostle" of November, the one who receives less foreign help will lose the war in China: thus Wu Pei Fu lost against Chang Tso Lin more favored by foreigners thali the first. Wu was betrayed by one of bis lieutenant!', the Christian General who took possession of Peking while Wu was on the field. With the remnants of his beaten army Wu went south and this same south declares now separation from the Government of Peking as constituted by the Christian General. In the· meantime there is a general claim by the different Chinese warriors and chiefs for a reunion of north and south. There may be some talk about this union. In the meantime, as ammunitions may have been greatly reduced as well as the finances necessary. for serious fighting, there will be a lull in the civil war, during which dismissed soldiers may find a living in looting and killing innocent civilians, to become again soldiers as soon as one or more military Governors have become strong enough to start a new civil war. H4 Practica I Sermon preached by l'ery Revei-e~d Jose ()ue1&co <of Cel,u to the Children of the Assuri111tion Culley3, ·1st.Ii. }."ot': 1924. "I take a great inter.est in the Filipino gji:ls and I have al ways heard that the girls in ; the Assumption were well educated, spoken very highly of, therefore I accepted with great pleasure the invitation to come here to say mass this morning. The .Europeans are talking a great deal about their right.~, but' are ·forgetting their responsibilities, their duties. It is the same in the Philippines: you hear so,much of· Independence, of liberty; how will that liberty be used? We, Filipinos, in wanting liberty, are forgetting our duties. We have duties towa.Fds God, our parents; our social duties and towards ourselves. One hears the girls fr~rn the public schools say: Oh y_ts, we worship God. it.does not qiatte-r in what W!J.Y <•r religion,it is n.11 the same; That is· false, God must be worshipped properly; we must worship Him as member8 of Catholic Church, outside of which Church th~re is no salvation. You girls will have ·y~ur social duties, you will mix in Flociety, give· your ideas, yo~ir impression on all you have been taught, to others. The sin,otthe.Filipinos is disobedience. The girls and boys think. t_hey know better than their parents. They will not obey them-_and what about getting llnarried ? Many of our Catholic Girls.-lnarry protestants and are married by the protestant minister or a judge. Ytlll have duties towards yourselves, you must not take anything that will be obnoxious to your health, but take more care of yot.~r soul. The young peo_ple take so much care of thA body, which is corruption, and live like animals, but no thought Or care- is given to the soul which is immortal. All that is good,_ nolile anc;l beautiful; iii, our· country has come to us from the Catholic Church, and tni's fa why you, Filipinos, are so widely knmvn, and YQU, who are su \Veil instructed; must inslruct others by teaching them Catechism. You must obey your parents, your teachers and those who have authority over you,. and lov.e them too, even.when they scold or correct you, ·for, ~11 this is for your good. .Ee very pure, for purity is the· most beautiful of all virtues; if yo·u are pure, humble and modest,_you will be th~ pride ·and glory of yoQr homes and of your country. 145 A L~tter from Brother Edward Who crinstmcted the Chapel at "llayaoyao (see '·Little Apostle" of the month of June) to the pupils of the Assumption Col/eye, Manila Dear Benefactresses: r::i HA VE just received nnmM ~ H " H H ber 3 '.lf the Little Apos= = tie''. I was glad to see you ~:...._~ asked for some news· about the chapel in Mayayao, to which ea<"h one of you has contributed at the price of great sacrifices hut with a noble and generous heart. To introduce myself ( forgi \'e my pridt•) I tell you: I was in cliarge of the construction of your nice chapel in .Mayaoyao. Would. you like to have some news about the people here? lt was the first time Father Moerman from Quiangan (to arrive hne he had tra\'eled one day and. a half on horseback) would say ma"S in your chapel. Of course nearly the whole village filled up the little church. The Father put on his vestments. How the people wondered. What? The Father put on 011e, two, three dresses. "He must be very rich" they whispered. For poor people who have only a narrow piece of cloth around their loins or a single shirt on their body just because· they are too poor to provide more clothes, to put two dresses more above the ordinary ones, a priest wears, mnst he the acme of wealth. So they thought. Whl!ll the Father put on the red chasuble, their stupefaction kne\y no limit. The people of ~Iaya,vao are simply in ecstacy before· the red color. Poor simple people. The Holy Mass begins. No one of the pagans (and they are all pagans) loses siirht of a si 111.de movement of the priest. lg.no rant as they are, some men and women, sitting on their heels, fill up their small earthen pipe to have a smoke while they enjoy the wonderful sight. I ha,·e to tell them they are forbidden to smoke. They obey immediately and hide their pipe. Then it is the turn of the little children to disturb the ceremonies. Their greatest pleasure is to creep on hands and feet between the altar rails to peep at the Father. When the PrieRt turns round they hide their browny faces behind their bla<"ky finger8. "Chut, chut," I say when they laugh too much and calm is restored for a few seconds or a minute. You may be scandalized at Ruch unheard of disrespectful hehaYior of people during Mass: but remember they are all Pagans and know nothing of Je<;us about to visit them in your chapel. Now that the Mass is finished, wait, you must attend in spirit the lesson in Christian doctrine. The Father sits down at the altar rails. In front of him sit the children. The lesson begins. The Ji'ather shows them a nice picture and explains it with the patience of an angel. At the first sight, all look intently up. But bye and bye some feel other attractions. One tow·hes the shoes of U1e mis::ionary. Another tries to untie the lacPs and a bolder one follows with hi-s finger!'\ the thread lines in the hack of F:!ther':-; ca;:,:oek. It look;: altoget lwr !';O mm·h like Jt'.;:us su_rrou1Hle\l by little d1ildren, doe!:J it.nnt "?-, 111the111P;rntin1t' the ol_ ler children follow ~tt~ntivPly the w"wle le;:s'-lll. Act11ally 111ore th:tn :)() of the. f)iggt>r c!lildre11 uf :\layaoyao attend th.e lesstin in Cini;;. tia11 tLu~trine regularly whenever the Father: e<1mes to visit them. , Yon m:1y f>a,Y ~h~ey Hre few, But know we!! that the \\'~Hile of ~[ayityao, c;11~1p,ri::'~Hg .:,lH,OO;) peopl<-'; art;: {'ag;1..\1s; ext~pse: i1v<>i1ty little <;!1il\li"e11 have b\!~n baptized:;;the-o.lder people have ti1:"t to .k1JdW as .'\l;eH.:<\i?:;lht>y can t11t' c:q·i~tj:ur-d~ictrint> ,before they <·o:uf he b:wtize<h l\1n will.say;pprha11s: ,"Here :(t the .-\-;s11111pt*o1r c11llef;{e WP, :~re 111a11y J.j)(,>re. to" <>~111l.Y CIJristiau <loctd.ue.'' IL1t ~\fayatJ.Ya > is. n_ it; ~hHih. $:1pp.1se when you go to »chool .you 11!:1;\" b~.k;il:ecl, WOt\Jcl_you go tocla>'S every day without ~ein~ :wc<m1panied by your. Papa·? Here -the children are afrai'd.to i;o .••nt alont\ anti even grown up people._art>iab:aill 1\l go out,,beea11.~e they ·11tight, be killed. Yo\t 111 Jilt k11!1\\" t.h:itc aqu~1;1g the, f?agi1 us, .lieri:>. it .:is 1,:i111sitlered ,ail ad of he;mi;,;111 t.li imt_t'iff sol1.rnuody'il heill\. Th<tt i:nintil !IO\V the spidt of ·the Pagans.· But make them Christia11s ·al·Jd they .will pradi"e charity like Christians. And yon eai1 help great:J.v to make them Christi:uis by your pr,1yers and, by sacrifiei 11g n•iw and then a few centavos to support ·a catechist among them. DI>- the people of. Mayaoyao de,,ire t.o become Ch ri;;.tia ns "? ., Yes, \·ery gladly. ~ee ht>re what they will answer. wlwn you .. ask thei\1 1vliefher t-hey would like t-i become•Catholics .. or not.. "Yes'',,·the.)' say, "bnt" then yon must gi,·e U>l:·,cloth,e::;, for we have noue." Truly. '..\nll aftertllllt tht>y add: "And you. m trnL give ·11s also a . ros,try." · K<,1.t that they understancl th~ ':meaning o.f, a rl>sary·, but. t hex u<;e it as a neckhlee. However· ti1i3 is- a flrerfiow~,help for their converf;io11, Yim kumr only too well how·the·.Bles,'ie<l Vii:~in i8 very p•iwerful and when· the heat.hen_ . we:fr her rosary ,iyilh; her me1J.al, Our Ble111sed i\fotht;r ltlll':?t tiit.Y t[i<>1n and pray f•w-theiu: ·U1~bappi-; l·i the: rosar~es.'.dn .rn1t grnw,.i.n·thi's wilci co11n.trs,, neither dn'the 'medals. Do they grow. in -:\Jmiifa ?' . Then I wi!Lcall that plant. (hat. im~«hu·es them a Litt It: ·Apostle. i, :Lt>t~ that plant grow i.n i\fani la, ·hut: send 1f1 ~ the rosary--;-1111<! meda:l.,frui•,s:; Hum, h11 m ! I thank 'you mi>st; sin~rreJy'. for all the'.help granted ;until now to httild ·a chb.pel :ind. to support a cat~hist ;1t nayavyao arid wh.v should I-·· nnt thank· 'you now ··oeforehand for. ros~ries, med:ils, . clothes etc.'? R~1t may Got! thank you all in a more practical \Vay than l cati. Yours gratefully, E. C1inls, 0.T.-G. M. ' ~~ ., - .. .. 147 The Burial of father Legrand The last jw·ewell t-0 Father Legrand, on the cemetery Judge of the sorrow of the Missionafies of Cervantes and Bontoc, when the terrible news of the death of Father Legrand was told them by phone cm Sunday Oct. 12th at5 p.m. Notwitbstanding the danger of traveiing at night in the Mountain Province, one Fat.her from Bontoc and another from Cervantes arrived at Bau co at, 9 p.m. On Monday morning the three other Fathers from said missions arrived. The body had been placeclin the chapel of the mission. The whole night the chapel was tilled with Christians, neo-converts, who had come to bi<l fareweJI to their. beloved Father and pray for his soul. They shed many tears. Grateful people! Young but Christian hearts! May Providence provide . them soon with another Missionary. On Monday at2p.m. Father Legrand was brought as solemnly as possible t-0 his last resting-place. Not only the Christians, but even the Pagans followed the corpse to the local Catholic cemetery. Again many tears were shed on that. grave which will hide until the last day the remainsof a young though very promising Mi!'sionary. At a word from one of the Father!', all the people of the town, as one man, went down the mountain to the river to bring up the nicest white stones they cnuld find, and, over the remains of their Father, they built in no time not a mausoleum of art, but a monument accord.fng to their heart, a monument of love and gratitude for. one whom they knew had ·loved them not only in words but in deeds. Lately an epidemic had broken out at Bauco among the lftt.Je babies. Father Legrand had baptizPd many of them. before they died saving .their souls forever and thus making them 148 eternally happy in heaven. Among these little babies his body now rests on earth. How the souls of these little ones, Christ's beloved children, must have already welcomed him who made them God's friends forever. And in the meantime a cold condensed telegram was sent to Belgium: "Father Legrand drowned". V\'hat a shock it mtist have been for his young confreres and his superiors. Only last year they had said farewell to him and now "au revoir" in Heaven. And sadder still, when the mother of our dear Father Legrand, his brother and sister too and other relatives had the unbelievable news broken to them; who shall describe their sorrow: Grea1; was the. wrench when they gave him whom they loved so dearly to the Philippines .. Only one thought'. shall have then consoled them: they had· gi ven a g~abd Apostle and zea.Ious priest to God, who has now taken him to his real home: H!i!aven. "May His Holy Will be blessed". And you, dear readers, who attended this death and burial in spirit, you especially Filipinos (for Father Legrand loved you), what does your heart say? Will you too like the converts of Bauco say a prayer for one who gave his life, his all to God, yes, and not alone for Him, but also for the welfare of your and his adopted country? If you asked Father Legrand in his tomb whathewishesyou todoforhim, no doubt, judging from his apostolic zeal, his plPading voice would answer: "may my unfinished work at Bauco go on: help the mission of Bauco, support a priest in my mission, and from Heaven I will pray God to bless abundantly those who take up my work and help it according to their means". If ever a voice was worth being heard, surely it is his. Filipino~, Christians. \\ho have at heart the conversion of Father Legrand's mission, shall this appeal fall in vain, uron the road, the rock,or among the thistles and thorns? ls it too much to ask each of you, in the name of our dear Father Legrand to contribute towards a FUND, which will help forever to support a riest at Bauco? The Igorotesha\·e already built their monument of gratitude overt he grave of their Father. Could you not also build one of admiration and gratitude in the shape of a fund, whose revenufs will help to keep another missionar) .. at Bau co? Send in your stone, your penny. Ten thousand Pesos are needed, the interests of which will forever sup.. port a missionary at Father Legrand·s mission and bring upon its benefactors the blessings of God and the conversion of loyal infidels and many spiritual and temporal graces on all the Philippines: for God is generous and grateful beyond words towards those who help to spread the Faith by prayer and sacrifice. ..,, u..-==....,.?~c;. .e a.r. J'-'·~ b \::;:;;; In the lalf Hour Oliver Wendell Holmes, wa.s once asked his opinion as a physician, on the effect of beliefs on the minds of those approaching death. He replied: "So far as I h;ive observed persons nearing the end of life, the Roman Catholics on their dying beds, are the most resigned, and it always appears to me that they accepted the inevitable with the composure which showed that their belief, wether or not. the best to live by, was a bett.er one to die by than most of the harder ones that have replaced it." Baue-0. The obsequies for our deeply-regretted and dearly-beloved Confrere Rev. Father Legrand lasted nine days at Bauco, Cervantes and Bontoc and closed with a solemn requiem service on Tuesday, October 21st., at Cervantes and .Bontoc, and on Thursday, October 23rd, a second solemn service was held at Bauco, the mission of the deceased Father. Their Excellencies the Governors Luna of the Mountain Province, Bali• nag of Bontoc, Blanco of K'.alinga and Gaerlan of Benguet have given marked proofs of sympathy in our recent sorrow by attending the requiem service for Father Legrand. We extend to them our most cordial thanks. Father Legrand is the second of our Missionaries who has given up his life in the service of the Bauco mission, Rev. Father Sepulchre being the first who died there in 1911. This makes it in a spooial way very dear to us. ~ Nueva Vizcaya. Good news continually reaches us concerning religious instruction in this province. Rev. Father Giebens, missionary at Bambang-Aritao, writes that nearly all the children come to .him to be taught their catechism. At Bone, considered for a long time entirely protestant, there are only a few children who do not att.end .the catechism class. At Almaguer: every child attends catechism. 149 Bambang, one of the stron!!holds of Aglipayanism in this provinee. is gradually coming back to the Pne fold from which it had drifted away. Many more children come to catechism, even non-catholic parents are· asking that their children may follow the religious instruction given by the Father. Tabneng: every child assists at Catechism. This "Barrio" deserves special mention. The parents must have taught . their children the first principles of religion, for 11.t the very first Catechism lesson, when the Father made the sign of the Cross, the children did the same. In other parts the children are so ignorant that they do not know even this. Trinidad, Benguet. On Thursday, October 23rd. we had the Blessing of the new school at Turnay, near the mountain trail, about two kilometers from Trinidad. It is a good construction, built of solid materials and will render great service to the mission. Its site.is ideal, for being in the center of several hamlets, it will be the means of inducing many pupils to come to it. When this school opened for the first time, there were eighty three pupils present. May Al· mighty God reward J. R. of Iloilo, who helped us so generously for the building of this school. ~ Baguio. The knights of Columbus have al150 ready taken possefsion of their new premises, situated in the heart of Baguio. · They have also begun their usual active services for the good of their fellow-townsmen. Mr.·Reymers, the abl.e president of the Baguio Chapter, gh·es a gratuitous course of Bookkeeping, . single and double entry, every Sunday evening to all who may wish to take it. Later on other-lessms wii-1 be-given too. The knights of Columbus at Baguio have proposed to answer the-calumny _arid .cJ'itkism of t•heir opponents not by . words but by deeds·, and invite fri.ends and. foes· a!i-ke · to come, see and judge for. themselves. what the Baguio Chapter of .. K.-of C. is doing (or the spiritual and mat~rial wi-lfare of the Philippines. JI . Three new ·~nssionaries and a l'&y brother havl! just arrived from Europe: Rev.- Father8 · P. De Meester, Lambrecht, Poot and Brothtlr -Christian. Father Lambrecht has been sent to Kiangan, 0 t-{)·help. two other· F'athers who are doing mission workainong the lfugaos. Brother Christian-is at Bayombong, Nueva Vfacaya.,:helping. in the building of a new Convento. The two other lt,athers are ·at Baguio pre, paring for. the missions a-mi studying the Mountain dialects; 'The arrival of these new Fathers and Ht'dther, so soon. after the unexpected··and sad death G·f Father :Legrand, is a great boon and a; blessing from God on the mission:. ·JI JiU!/Oi Father· Depauw· has .. organized· a· .So~ cietyof:Children of .Ma1'y and will Pl!Ctty soon have his Defeni."Elres ae 'la Li .. bertad;., Father Beurms, after a short stay in'Manila,- arrived safely at Pugo, Feadyt<> build a new sch<ml at Linapao, if Providence helps him justil.little·bit more. All gifts for.this new building may be sent to the aLittle Apostle". Jtogon. Father 'Quintelier was· the ·happiest 'man in the world when he received lately three veils for be1-.ediction from Miss P. K y C: and from another benefactress from M11;nila. He thank_s them both most sincerely and is glad to· annvunce that the veils are ah-eady used .at ltogon,_Dalupirip. and Bokod. Note: more veils, for benediction are. alw·ays welcome. -·---· · ·--- ------ · JI 7'w.chilig example of Fruternul i,,'11,fon. The. Priests of La Un.ion· Province a~seml.>led at San Fernando; for· their theological Conference, on -hearlng of the· .deat.h .of their· fellow-missionary Father Legrand, whom they consid.ered as -tme of. their own brothers, sent the :fpBowing le.triers 'in ·.Spanish to Very Rev. F.athet Prov:ineiaJ. They,are left. in their ori·gina} forrµ . Sawf'ernand<>, La Union No.~iembre 3,: 1924 M .. R. P. -Albert.o Van Zuyt. Bagu:io, l\'lt" :Mi sieµ1pre apreciadp.Padre.Superior; Con la presente me ho.nro ... mucho en remitiflea V..,R. la adjunt~ resol~~ cion de co,1dole11cia por la. s e.n ti.d a muerte.de aq uel' abn~gacl.<;> l;'apre M:~si~ nero Rev, :r.. Pablo Leg~arid: AprQpechaBdo de.aqq!tll~ wiestpJreunion,qu,.e .. tuvo lugar tl~· 31 del mes proximo pasado, bajo' Ja presid'encia de nuestro querido P. Vicario, .. ·~ o.r.,. su servidor pres,ent6. Ia.mocign qe ~eri~:iar a~ ·M. R. P."~uper,ior una• carta· ,d.e c_on, Q.olencia.'.x _1iambien; apli~~r~n~isa. e~ sufragio d.el,l!-!ma de_1'QUfl qµe 'IJ?. .. sida se llama J?~4r~. Pa~1o, to~o~, .. yl\~niµief? se- conft>rmar.on con . ~ta .reS.Olucion. J>orlo que.te~o el s~~~ hono,r4e~n; v.iar a V. ll,,.para su CQn9eimiento~· Muy sinceramente'. P. Quintln Donato;. San Fernando, La i;;nion Octubre 31, 1924 M. R. P. Van Zu.rt Baguio1 Mt. Prov. Amadisimo Padre:Por cuanto los. Padres reunido!'> en la Conferencia vicarial han tenido noticia de la s~ntida mu~rte del M. R. P. Pablo Legrand, 1\Jisionero de Bauco, Provincia Montaiiosa, Islas Filipinal", Por cuanto :j.preciando los meritos prestados por este Padre por el servicio que ha tenido en. bien de las Mi'siones de Filipinas, sacriticando sus com6didades para el bien <le nuestros 'hermanos en la obscuridad de. la fe, Por tan to dichos ·Padres reunidos en la conferencia han tenido a bien remitir esta resolucion de condolencia para demostrar el 'sentimiento 151 9ue tienen pM la perdida de uno de sus dignos hermanos. Fi:rmados P. Quiiltin Donato P. Anastasio Bi~orni a P. Norberto Tomayo P. Jacinto Rapadas P. Jacinto Garcia P. Sotero Dario P. _Teodosio Ag-caoili P. Alberto B. Zabales P. Celedonio Albano P. Enrique Dulay I'. Mariano Dacanay P., Joaquin Florendo P, Crisanto Padernal P. Juan R. Bello '!\fay our brothers-priests find here our most grateful thanks for the part they took in our sorrow. A Pause in the Prayer "If I should die 'fore I wake,"--said Danny, kneeling at his grandmother's knee; "ifr. J. should die 'fore I wake-" "I pray," prompted the gentle voice. "Go on, ·Danny." "Wait a mini1te, '' interposed the small boy, scrambling to his feet and hurrying away downstairs. In a brief space, P,e was back again, and, dropping down in his place, took up his petition where he had left off. But when the little·white-gowned form was safely tuckea in bed, the grandmother questioned with loving rebuk,e coQcerning.the interruption. "Bti.t I·did think what I wassaying, grandmother;. that's why I had to stop. You see, I'd upset·Ted's menagerie and stood all his wooden. soldier's on their heads just to see how he'd tear around in the mornin'. If I should die 'fore I wake, why-I didn't want him to find 'em that way, so I had to go down and fix 'em righ:t, There's lots of thirigs that seem funny if you're goiu' to keep on livin', but you. don' want 'em that way if you should die 'fore you wake." ·"That was right, dear-; it was right," commented the voice with its tender quaver. "A good many of our prayers would not be hurt by stopping in the middle of them to undo a wroog.''·; 152 The Novena of Atonement No less than 230 intentions were laid at the feet of the statue of Our Lady of the Atonement during the novena of November: 39 for the conversion of sinners, 44 to obtain peace and happiness at home, 27 for cures of siek, 8 asking employment, 34 to persevere in purity and grace, 40 asking God's blessing upon the success of studies, 21 fo.r the souls in purgatory, 6 to ask the grace of receiving the last Sacraments before dying, 8 begging God's blessing for enemies, 23 special intentions. These intentions came from the Philippines, the Fnited :-:;tate:< and Cn nada. If the novena of O~:tober wa:< irreatly prevented from being attended on aceonnt of thP rain and Some a8ked me what atonement or penance they can offer to strengthen their prayers. Let me recommend the following: in the "Little Apostle'' you read the appeal for a fund for the support of a priest forever at Banco, where during these last 16 years two Fathers have given their life to God for the conversion of the heathens at that mission. Send your offering for that fund to the "Little Apostle". Your gift will pr0fit you f-ternally; it will forever help a missionary at Bauco, his merits will partly be :yours, his work and success will be partly your continual prayer; your offerin!? for the Legrand fund will be the guarantee of your prayer during the coming storm!<, the novena of November was novenas. dou hl.r attended. Rev. FI. Carlu WP l!'l'atPfnlly ao:knowlP<ll!'f' 1hP N'l'l'IJJt of •·a11C"~le<l slamµs. lor the hent>Ht of thP :Uis~luns. 1 i-1 n1: .Tuan Andaya. 1.11hual!'an J1p;·. Pailre A. lncarnadon. Hatanl!"as (2 t.) Ru .. navt>ntura Eo;quino. Manila (ht.) IL Y.-lan!P. :.Ianila. (2 t.) CIPmo>nte A rarli li<·s. Manila. Antonio Pa:;ilahan. M~n1ila. A special mnnion fur th .. CathPdral Frf'e school to ]JP rPprP>Pnted in this lbt by the follvwing st1Hit'nts ot that inbtitutlou: l<'Prnando CIPvPlan<l: A lparaquP .J1>sus (2): :\lanu<>I Anl!"el(2): Oft-aciol<'rancl..co <2): .Jos~ A. Gallardo (2): Andres Mercado (2): ·Bonifacio Ulvarl'Z (2) Rodrlgupz Quintin (2): Maximo Olrasio (2): Camarse Timoteo: Cailiz Arcaclio: Honus Pablo: Tomas San Jose: .Jo~ lgualada: l'ejoro Grel'Orio: Ramos Santos: Roman l"umanilal: l<m·tutunato Samson: Sule Antonio: FPlix ilel Hosario: ~Heat Francbco: Federico Santuik: timarw.Juan: FeliclanoLupiba: FlorPntino Hedoi'ia: J<•se R• dril!"uez: .lo>e l\lajarreis: Cebo Punit: EllseuSan!os: ElenterioCarrarca. 153 l\AILBAG OFTHE LITTLE A~G!TlE For all .. correspondence with "THE LITTLE APOSTLE" send vour letters· to The Little Apostle, Box J.393, Manila • D3a:r Readers, Here foll<>ws a Yetter with the most ingenicms, the mo:;t adrnnta~e;)t:f" means of cPJlect ir·g~ome help for the-missions. Carcar. Cebu. St. Catherine School. Dear Rev. Father Vapde\\·11lle. I think you do not remember me anymore, as it is more t ban two years since I left St. Teresa's Acacemy. W:e have 0tganized a kindofsodety against. speakiµg Virn)·a. There a re only twelve me111bers (all th"l pupils able to speak a little English sho'uld ent_ er your society, Miss Aldanese). Any·of these me!nbers who speaks Visaya has to pay a centavo .for. each sentn1ce (you who watch .the transgressors, patience! let the offender finish all her sr-ntences and count well the number of ... centavos). The money collect~d, we would like to send to ~'ou (Mi~s Aidanese and the other eleven little Apostles, this is an excellent idea) as a contribution to an Igorbte school or church you wish to.construct (I would suggest to call that school the school of the Visaya sentences, but J am afraid you twelve. can never during your school life make sentences enough to build a school. What? You can?) We also collect some centavos from tines for unmarked clothes coming from the laundry (I wish my Chinese laundrymen paid-- a eenta.vo for each buttun he brea h on my clothes; after a while t ovether with your rewnues we could build a churd1). Perli:irs at the. end of this month, ~·e ~hall b'3 able to send our iittle.con'tribut ion. I am st_ ill a naughty girl (~'on g"ft 3 g-eneral abrnlution (or that riµ-ht . TIO\~), H:oi:ing. our plan wi.11 pleafe yot1 (if -i~ plea£es! I wifh ~-ou found .worthy imitators in other.colleges and ~chool.s) I remain:· Very . re~pectfully youi:~, Margarita Aldan.ese. Of course these 'ingenious children of ·1 he new society wilftry their ~ery best to speak English ai\v~ys, They will have in mind the fear of a fine. Of course no~ and' then they ·will speak some Visayan arid pay I!-· few centa,'os, bnt anyway that fear .. . to ilo some gord? will · do them much good: they . will i;:peak more and better ~~ngliEh. A group of lit tie Arost Jes wrote : 'The little Apostles for the missions were sild to hear of the death of Rev. Father Legrand. and have pra.yed often since for the repose of his soul. The "Little Apostle" thanks you most sincerely. And how stands the contest in subacript,ions? You know it closes, on December 25th. Of course if more subscriptiorls arrive later from some 154 American benefactor who may have. sent them in before said date, they may still be counted as sent before the 25th. The first is still the unknown Filipina lady with 115 subscriptions. An example for other ladies. The second has not been mentioned in the former lists: she too is a Filipina lady. She collected 50. The third is a Filipino priest from the North. ·He collected about 40 but will send more before the 25th of December. The fourth is }.Ir. Llora with 33 and the fifth Mrs. Katie Guttenbergh from the U.S. with 27. Shall these five be the prizewinners? Dear children of the Catholic Colleges, I gave you already a twofold hint asking you to try and find more subscribers to our "Little Apostle''. Within a few days you will be at home, at the· merry time of Christmas, when merry gifts and presents will be yours. Sometimes you are at a loss in selecting a gift for your friends. Here now is the ''Little A post.le" which, at one peso a year, will visit your friend twelve times a year, and also furnish agreeable reading. Would the twelve times a year 'Little Apostle' not make a nice Christmas present? Anyway I count on you during the coming vacation. Show at once, if you have not done already so, what you have acquired.in your Catholic college or school by cultivating a truly Catholic, that is an Apostolic spirit. Do your utmost to get one or more subscriptions from your relatives and friends. You can do it if you only will do it, and God will 'bless you. It is very easy to pray and it is good too. Bu~ to. sacrifice yourselves for the success of a good work means a greater effort, and th~ efforts done for God show your . real love for God. May I count on at leas~ one extra subscription to our "Littie Apostle" from each one of you? °l\Iay I count on your serious efforts at least? If so, accept my most sincere thank~ and those of all the Missionaries in the Mountain Province. 0. Vandewalle. Some of the big and small contributors to the "Little Apostle" Eend their cordial greeting to very Rev. Father Provincial for Christmas and the New Year and acknowledge their heartfelt gratitude to all the Missionaries of the Mountain Province for the great work they are doing for God and souls in our dear Philippines. co:s:-r:.IBUTIONS RECEIVED Blessed Little .Flower's fund for the Bokod Mission; Corming, PG.CO Mr. Th. J. G. 10.C-0 Mr .. John L. ~.co Miss M&l·g. E. R. 4.CO Miss L. M. Mee. IS.CO Anon;i-mous. 2.Cil An American lady visiting Manila 5.CO Acknowledged before: 130.~0 Total 183.00 Mrs. M. Ray P2.CO M. Cog •. : • ro.co Mr. Edw. W. 2.00 Mrs. K;iernan. 8.CO Mr. John B. D. 8.C-0 Mr. Jose11h Rice, Bairulo 10.00 St. Paul's Inst. Manila, for Dalu11lri11 13,00 Fo1· a Cat.echist at Mayaoyao, Assumption College, lllanila 3<'.CO Miss Marie H. 4.00 Miss Marg. Rice 2.00 Sisters of Merc;i- 4.00 Miss Elsie D. · 4.00 J;~or the chaDel of Lutap Berumet by Mr. J. Rke. B.all'uio 20.00 For.the Trinidad mission by Miss L.M.C. SO.GO For·Father Wins by Mr. J. Rice, Baguio 20.C-O ---Total P!66.CO All the Misslonariesotthe Province recommend their benefactors at each mass. 155 For the Little Tot§ (Continuation) As ~oon as the door was opened. ed the door of the ta,·ern. Jean had he stole out of the church: he would thought. "After all" he said to see his. mother, and then he would himself, "if I do penance for six find a convent willing to accept a months, that will be enough to penitent sinner·. In fact after break- prepare my death''. And he enterfast he went out on his way to the ed the tavern with his old friends. ~earest monastery. And here let us see the bad inflµ.ence of b:id comp'.lnio:1s. One who wishes to be good. must absolutely stay aw-ay from bad company, if not, bad companions will soon have changed the best resolutions into vain useless desires. This happened with Jean. On his way he met some of his former bad companions who said i ''well, Jean, yoti look so serious this morning. What isthe matter? Are you thirsty ? Come in, here with us, let us have something to chase away-sorrow". "No," said Jean, and he even told them he was about to enter the convent. How they laughed! They asked him whether he lost his mind completely in yesterday's party. In the mean time they had reachFor six months Jean was as ever before a drunkard and the rest. At the end of this time, Jean reasoned again, as drunkards can reason and said : ''if I do penance for three months, that will do'' and for another three months more be followed his bad companions. The three months had passed soon and again Jean put off his conversion for later, so that finally there were only eight days left before the fatal date, announced by the ghost he had once served at night. That same morning Jean felt some headache. He knew the mean· ing. How he had abused grace. If he had done penance, but no, as a brute he had lived, as a brute he did not deserve further grace. That day he drank more than ever, to drink away bis fear of C.eath, he 156 thought. Four days later Jean was unable to leave his bed. Nobody thought he wotild die; not even the doctor he had called. Finally the last day before the dreadful mid~ night at which he would die, he was burning with fever. He called his pious mother. He told her the whole story of that terrible night a year ago. She thought her son was delirious. She calied a priest. Jea11 refused to confess. He said he would die that same njght and he wished to die as he had lived. The priest insisted. Jean got mad. Nothing could be done that whole day to make him change hrs mind. J eau became worse and worse. The poor mother was at a loss. She too as well as the doctor saw Jean was at his end. She believed now the story told b~' her son. Again the priest was called. It was 11 o'clock at night. Jean had one hour more to live. Shall he confess now? St. Augustine says that the conversion of a sinner who has passed his life in sins is a greater miracle than the resurrection of a dead. Jean refused to be reconciled With God. The mother could cry, the priest could pray, Jean turned his back on both. The clock poil!ted to five minutes to twelve. There was a heavy_ darkness in the streets. But greater was the darkness of Jean's soul. He looked at the clock. ''Five minutes more", he groaned and he sh'vend. The priest had .gone. It would ha Ye been -1:1.sele~s to· remab. A few relath·es filled the small sickroom. ''Fonr still" shouted Jean. ''l\Iy son, cried the mother, ke~ quiet". And the finger of the clock drew t:e:lrer and nearer, alas! so quickly to the fatal tweke. "One minute i:riore", sig bed Jean. Aud it was true. 01:e mi;mte more and he ~\·ould be at the place he cesen·ed. And that last ril.inute too p::ssed soon. The clock struck tweh·e. At the Jirst strike, Jean ope1:ecl l1is big bewildered eyes. In fro::t of him appeared mysterious ugly fiery spectres. Yes, they were there, terril::Ie, horrible; guashit:g their teeth, ·1:e saw them. From under his bed rose a black smoke. He looked down.. He saw a precipice of fire. The lasi stroke ot twelve sotinc':ed. As if a signal were gh·e:1. all the spectres jumped at the throat of Jean, athislimbs, at his whole bocy; fire and smoke with a thuncerirg noise redoubled. Jea:i gaye a tremendo11s yell, and -i1f-a supreme effort,. he.jumped up ... he would escape his· pursuers and the me:1ncing precipice·. ~-. but he could 1:ot . . . . one yell more and he fell c!own ... ·hea\:ily ... on his bed ... i:1 his i1ight-cap . . . a\vake .. ·, all had been a dream ... a terrible dream . . . how he sighed . . . 11ow he perspired . . . how glad he was all had been only a passing d"eam ! Hx ::c:::::::::c:::-::xx:::::::x 'f H u ~=x~rxz===== rfDll•llliFE:;M'iCZ_i ~~- • ~R lliil~, P 19.50 -~---- ;; I poR su inclisput alllP Exac- itucl :\I (H:has Grand~s Compai'iias Fer1·ocarrileras df' los Estados rniclos . .r de al,l!llll~)S PaisPs Europpos .\" dt->l ExtrPmo Or-iente. ban a<loptad j Pl .. () l\1 E G .A .. " eomo su hora £.:TAX DA HD en toda . ..; sus lhwas. Yd. 11uf'de hos :-;er uno de f\;o;os '.llILL0:-1£~ dP ""l!'Ullosos POSP!'dO!"PS <IP I"Piojps --u'.llEGA'': con Pl~.;;() ya p~1P<le Yd. ~om11!·ar:-t> un rt--loj dt->- bolsillo dP niqurl. de una taoa. con 15 ruhif's. ~ <'.011 t'l lH>mhrP. ""O'.llEliA'". rl!'scl!' lllPl!'O !'11 la PSff·l'a. , Tene:::os tambien relojes de bolsillo "0:\lEGA" de oro, oro plaque, y plata, diferentes formas, tamanos Y .. disenos. .. .. Tambien una buena existencia de relojes de pulsera "0· .'\lEGA" para Senoritas, Senoras y Caballeros. .. .. .. .. .. LA ESTRELLA DEL ~ORTE Lv.v"\· Ht;R~IASOfi. lxr. 46-5() l·:l"<"OLTA rr1.:L!-'. 250.Y 201 j IJ~OILO MA~ILA CEBU 'l ~ ..... ,-~=---~-liO:-.,;rn-liii ...... ... •!!~~D!lll~ 425 Misericordia PURE - DELIOOUS Made under American Supervision CLARKE'S, Incorporated MANILA. P. L P.O. Box 599 1----··----··-··------··--llll1 I Jerez I i i I para enf ermos I I v I . ~ I Convaledentes I I MANUEL GUERRERO y Cia I I Importadores I I!! ~, GEORGE, O'FARREL & Cie. I 540 calle Sales MANILA I I I ........................ 111111 ........ - ................ . FILIPINOS! IF YOU GO TO SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. U .. S. SEE FIRST REV. 0. VANDEWALLE, 2020 Herran, Manila, or the KNIGHTS OF- COLUMBUS, Arzobispo St. Manila. Ask information about the Filipino Club. 1421 Sutter St., San Francisco, Cal. The club offers the comforts and convenienees of both home and club to Catholic Filipino young men. Its facilities include dormitoriPs, reading room, social hall, g-ymnasium, shower baths, tennis court, pool hall, and free employment bureau. Work after school hours Is found for students. Information and advice as to schools etc. is i!iven. Outside lodgings are found at low rates for those preferring I to li"rE' with private families. The Club mai·es a minimum charge for room rent only. •• To reach the Club: from the ship. take Yellow or Red Top taxi. •• The manager of the Club ls Mr. Edward J. McCarty. g; i·~~~~~~~.~.E~S;;;;;;T~U~D~I;;;;;;;O';;;;;;' ~~~~~~;;;;;;II ~ A High Class Weekly, Published in Spanish Tel. 572 - 3409 - SUBSCRIPTION RA TES PER ANNUM Local P 6.00 ••• Foreign $ 6.00 Advertising rates on application J. A. DE ABOITIZ Advertising Manager COTY P. 0. Be1. 1649 PARFUMS DE LUXE PARIS FRANCE Perfumes, Lociones, Polvos, Brillantina, Talco, Agua de T ocador, Agua Colonia, Sachets, etc ...• Prohad: ORIGAN, PARIS, CHYPRE, JASMIN DE CORSE, ROSE JACQUEMINOT, OR, MUGUET, CYCLAMEN, EMERAUDE, AMBRE ANTIQUE, AMBREINE, ETC. ETC.· EL USO DE LA PERFUMERIA COTY DENOTA UN REFINADO BUEN GUSTO. .. .. aa .. . . .. Our Mission field