The Little Apostle of the Mountain Province. Vol. I, No.6 November 1924

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Part of The Little Apostle of the Mountain Province

Title: The Little Apostle of the Mountain Province. Vol. I, No.6 November 1924
Issue Date: Vol. I (No. 6) November 1924
Year: 1924
Language: English
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extracted text: / VOL. I, No. 6 'NOVfMfif R 1924 Cat.llolic School Press, l~ aguio, Mt. Pr. THE LITTLE APOSTLE OF THE MOUNT!~ PROVINCE Thi' (,(ri.·hl u1·g u1 o( flli' .lli ... ..:iri11 lrlr: . ..:. of tli' 101.·n r '•rtl r~ ! If ' 1 trt 1Jf Jf U'!J <-"r·ll1:11tedd b'<!flli'l'."i) . i11 f/11' Jf1m11tai11 rrori110:_!.!/ 1111' Phili1>J>i11r . ..:. .. Edited and pui>JisllPd monthly Editor ....... REY. 0. YA'.\PE""ALLE. P. U. Box J:Jr3. Manila. Phil. Is. J'nl>lish<'rs ....... THE CATHOLIC f<CHOOL PRESS, Bairuio, l'hilippinh. Y<'arl.I· suhscription price: i Pl.OO for the Philippines / $1.00 for the L". S. and Foreig-n Countries. All ch•'Cks and money ordt'J's should l.>e, made payahlP to TIH; LITTLE APOSTLE, l\lanlla, P.I. Notice regarding chang-!' of address should be sPnt prompt!;·. All comtrnrnicatlons must he addressed to: THE LITTLE APOSTLE P. 0. Box 13g3, ~IA'.\JLA, l'hilippines. Ly RI c 1-loc~E HNlrlquarfers Fo;· LUDWIG DRUMS v EGA BANJOS CONN BAND INSTRUMENTS SONORA PHONOGRAPHS - Y OCALION RECORDS Violins with Case-and Bow r20 rp 157 Escolta . Manila '' lVherl' 1lfusicians Trade" Open a Savings Account TODAY, and become a systematic saver! Our Savings Department will pay you 4Y, % interest per annum on Peso Savings Accounts, compounded quarterly PHILIPPINE TRUST COMPANY Monte de Piedad Bldg. Phone l256 Foreign and Domestic Commercial Banking of Every Nature i+··························~ ... ················~ • ~. ---- - - - -- - --- ~ ·: - --~- --~----=- ----~~ • i. ~ ~ i Don't Ruin Your Clothes f f \\·ith cheap soap~ whiC'h •: f. C'Ontain strong chemieals I that eat awa_1· the thread~. Always ""'l"h ('lothes "·ith : : I LENOX SOAP. I i : i It 1' o II pu rn "'I'· It u ill I + not injure .niur t'lotlws or + I IT ,,::·:~:·:ASHING EASY i ii i Insist on i I LENOX I • • i '"'" h; "" ""'"~ I • I : . : . i PACIFIC COMMERCIAL CO. f : Distributors : • : • • • . i : ~ ~ i.. •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ..: 1r.:;;;.;;;;;:..:::::::::::x::..::.:..:::.::::::::::::-:r==:::x::.:::=::::::::::;t II II II II •I H ll::::::::=::::::::::::::::::::==:::::::::::::::::::::==H II II H H H II M 11 M H H ti M II H 11 M H ~ Rositas Cigarettes~ ~ H M H ~ are sold for 12 c. ~ H H H H H 11 ~ a pkg. everywhere. ~ H 11 ~ H M H M M M ~ ti 11 H 11 II H H =::r::::====t1 H II II II H 11 lb::::::::-=:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::~ ~~-jiE)li;Mpf:Bii!~~-~-~~--~·,~r 9 ~.5 j~ 0 ~~~=n=~'5"-~~~~~,.A4~ I .- -- __ _: I pOH su indbvnta IJIP Ex:~cl it ud :'.\luchas <lraruh s ('omvn ilia~ FPrTrn_·a 1Tilf>n1.s ch• los Eslad0:-; rnido:-._ .\" clt:. al:!UllOS PaisPs Euro})t-'OS .\- df'l Extremo Urientf'. hall adovtaclo Pl " () ~I E G ~-\.. " 1~omn SU h:ira ~T _.\:'\DAU]) Pll todas SUS linPas. Yd. 1n1er1P hoy SPI' uno elf" t'SOS "\11 LLO:XE~ rlP m·.!!nllosos posf'Pclorps dP rPlojp~ ·-oJIECi.A .. : ·~on Pl!l_;)ll .\·a p·wdt- YcL 1•om1war:-.P u111·ploj clP holsillo ck uiquel. dP una tapn. eon 15 r:diiP:-i. 1·011 Pl Jl'lmhrv. ··o:\JE(-iA". dt>sdt:> llw:!o Pll la PS~(·ra. TetH!:~~os tambien rdojes de bolsillo "OJIEGA" d.: oro, oro plaqu..:. y plata, diferenks formas, tamanos y disenos. .. Tambien una buena existencia de relojes de pulsera "0· JIEGA" para Senoritas, Senoras y Caballeros. .. .. .. .. LA ESTl;tELLA DEL :-OOUTE Lt:YY HEH.MA::'ios. •~c. 40-50 E"'COLT., TELS. 250 y 251' 'j I LO I LO '.\IA:-OILA CEBU ': ~~T'~ ~ •ilU AZ H+•l!~~mm~ PURE - DELICIOUS Made under American Supervision CLARKE'S, lncorpora ted MANILA. P. I. 425 Misericordia To Favor Our Advertisers .JI. is to help the Missions. .JI. --Please mention the-"LITTLE APOSTLE OF THE MOUNTAIN PROVINCE " when buying from our Advertisers. P.O. Box 599 JULIAN LA 0 .\lmat'f'll dP A1Toz. Palay y ~a],·ado. (~asollna . .:\cPitf'S y (jrasa Para .. \ ntomo,·ih·:-, (ion1as- clP las mPjores n1arcas. C()mpldo snrtido de Piezas uara Autos Forcl. SERVICIO A DOMICILIO Tetuan Nos 212-214 Tel. 919 How to HeJp .. the Sou's in Purgatory r===='" 1f H O\'E:\IBE!{: the month of :: N :: t. he Son ls i 11 Purgatory. (~o II H I f' Cl . It u ,YP, t ](')'(' Of(', you ll'!S~,,;,;,::::::::~ tians, to tht' C!iureh. You hope by ~·our prayns and Holy Corn11rnnions to obtain St>n1e pos:'ihle relief for your dear departed .. Go yt>, ehildr<>n, to the graYe of yo1:1r father :mcl mother: your prayPr~'on that doubly saered plal·e and the thought ·.of ynur gratitude wiil 1Yipe a1rny the tears of your SOITO\\'. (1-o ye, all 1d10 h:ixe some helon.'d in the other m1rhl, where none llefilecl shall .enter Hraven without first being eleanse1l in the fire of (.}od's justice. Go yetothe·Clrnreh or thetomh: for your beloYed ones in Purgatnr.v, your interct'~sio11 with (1-od will dry up their tear'< and bring them to the kiss of eternal peace in hPaYen. You are Christians, children of Uod, redcernecl by His Blood : for you there is hope and you hope al,;o in God's mercy for your relatiYes ancl friends deparU•d. ~ ot so for the Igo rote, not so for the Pagan. He too has a heart that loYes but not the means to show a helping love towardB his dead. Kay, he 11rny l'l'Y an<l weep bitterly o\·cr the 1·orpse of hi!-< father or mother, of his brother or ,-i;;!er, of his l'hild or friend, hut his tears are ,;;terile. He nia.r pray to his idols or \Ynr,;hip the gho,.;t,o: of his beloYed; in rt>alit~· hi:< cli,·initie:-: hm·e no ears anll his in\-o('ation::< are of no aYail. The Igorote, too, has an imrnortai soul, \\'hi('h is the image of his Creator. God, too, \\·ants to ,;an~ him, to bring him to Heawn. Did not Hi>i Son become rnan and di<' on the Cros:0 to :=:aye all people'? And a pagan s11ul redeemed by the water;; of bitptism, it, too, becomes an infinitely beloYed child of the Father in Heawn. At the conwrsion of a Pagan, there is more joy in Hea Yen than at the perseyerance of ninety nine Christians. Ah! Christian, you sob these days at the thought of your dead in :oorro\\· and pain. You low them. Oh! if could only saYe them and bring them into Heaven, what a joy you would feel and what benefac1ors you would haYe placed near God's heavenly throne to be your proteetors foreYer. You pray, you attend 106 ma,;se;:, you reeeiYe Holy Cnmmun1011. You do well, you foll01Y thus the ll>aching of your ~Iother tlw Church. But ha Ye yon e\·er thought of making an exchange with GncP Haw you en'r tried to gi \'e Him a soul on earth, tn obtain the n'dernption of a helo\·rd soul in Purgatory"? Harn you tlnne your Yery best to !ill Ht>a\·Pn with joy, with more joy than Hea ,·en ran feel at the perse1·ernnee of ninrty nine ju,;t ·? In one 11·ord: han• yllu clo~ie i"omethi ng for the l'Ol1Yer:"ion of a Pagan? In memory of your rlepartrd father, of ~«nn dear deerm:ed mother, han• y11n made a sacrifiee for the cnnYersion of a Pagan who does not call <-Tod his Father an<l kno\YS no Church as his ~Iother·? ln memory of your 11e\'er forgotten <"hihl who left your sicle to go to the grnYe, have you eYer thought of gi1·ing to God a neiY child 01~ earth. procuring the co111·er,;ion of a Pagan ·1 ~Like a ~acrifice. If you haw, nrnch, gi,·e rnneh; if you han· only little, giw of the little you haYe, hut make a sacri fiee for your pagan brother; make an offering for hi:< P.oul"s redemption, for hi" spiritual birth in Christ. Help the ~Ii,;;sionary to dc,li1·er pagan ,;onb from the ahy";;; of ignorance antl eternal hopeles:< Ill""· Help hin1 in Yiew of helping the !:'lln!s of your he]O\·ecl cleparletl : help him to giw souls to God on earth, in exehange for the soul:0 of your hel•H'e<l deceased, and let the,.;e helo\·ed souls thu:: enter hea1·en, to partake of the joy you shall haYe, eausecl among the celestial inhabitant:', when your material help shall ha,·e co111-erted a brother of tlw Mountain PrO\·inee into a brother of Christ. r· ++ ,, _...... •'rt NOT;;;E _... •• - 11 mm, ~ Do not send money by ordinary mail. Send it by .M. 0. or by ~ i registered mail. These last two months, several letters adi ~.:es;:d to the :::.:postle, =~:~==~:,-er ar:ed. ~J The underlying idea of a Protestant service for the dead is to comfort the stricken hearts of the mourners. AcC'Ording to the Catholie idea. the RequiPm Mass is for the soul of the dead. "'hen a Catholic bereft of some lo,·ed one reall~· understands this, there is a corn rort and consolation in the Church's service for the dead that passes the understanding of those who know the difference between the Protestant and Catholic belief. The Catholic Church comforts and helps the living, by helping the dead. According to Protestant teaching. the departed soul is be~·ond all aid from the living, and so the funeral services are directed towards the consolation of those who are left l.Jehind.-Sacred Heart Review. 107 Chapel of Ca new, Bon toe built by the pennies of the Tondo Ui·phanage Piipils If Our Lord pra.ised the widow fo1· the mite she offered in the temple, what will be the reward of the little girls of the Orphanage or the Belgian Sisters of Tondo? Cent by cent they offered their mites, the mites of the poor girls, many of them orphans to build a chapel at Canew in the :\fountain Province for other orphans who ignore God, a>1d are a thousand times m;:ire orp)lans than those who have lost their father and mother. But they were· too poor to collect among themselves the sum required. What did they do? Some of them putting aside all human respect and full of zeal for God's work among their pagan brothers, went out to beg among their more fortunate Christian brothers of )[ anila. This they did especially on the day when Christian hearts remember their dead, on All Souls day, and on the ver.v spot where the living pay_ their respect to the dead: in the cemeteries of)[ anila. Who could refuse these valiant littlC' children their mite, and certainly that mite given for God brought more consolation to the dead they sought to re108 lieYe than the thou~ands of lights and t.he hundeeds of wreaths "·hic-h adorn the pl~1ce of sorrow and death. The most hearty cong'l'atulations of the "Little Apostle" go to }!iss }!athilde Ahare7.. the captain of the Little To11do-orphanage children. Iler t11·0 most acti 1·e lieutenants "·ere the Jfc1 ;·y anll :Silriu Jluylulcrng sisters }fary and SylYia l\Iaglalang: together they collected nearly !": lCO. ""ihere there is a "·ill there is a 1Yay". What. if rich children had that will of the ).laglalangs '? Rich ehildren, do .You wish to know some more poor children of Tondo orphanage to be admired in the campaign for the chapel at Cane"·'? They are the little l\lisses Simeona Reyes. Dolores de Jescs. Luz Espar.a, ~atividad Fernandez: in fine. r.rnrly all of the 5(0 pupils of the Tondo Orphanage deserYe the admiration of the Filipino Chrbtians fo1· their true Christian actil·ity and charity whose efforts stand now as a monument at Canew: house ]Jis~ ]fl. Aln.rez for God. And how could it be otherwise'? E1·ery day they are witnesses and the object of the endless acth·ity and un· limited chal'ity of the Sisters of Tondo Orphanage. l\Iay the acti Yit~· and charity of the orphans and pupils of the Tondo Orphanage find worthy imitators among other Filpino children. Letter from father Ghvsebrechts, of Bontoc, to the pupils of the Tondo Orphanage. Dear Children. Enclosed is the picture of one of the nicest chapels which was ever built in the Mountain Province: this chapel is yours. May God reward you and bestow His choicest blessings upon you and your worthy teachers, the Sisters. The chapel is built at Canew. Come and let us visit it in spirit. \Ve shall leave Bontoc; cross the river (if it does not rain, for then the current would be too swift and we might be drowned), then climb a mountain towards the East. Steadily, steadily, children as you tread the grass and the rocks. Let us take the least steep slope. Yon see there is no path. Slm\·ly: you would soon be exhausted. Take a rest now and then under the pines. Now that we are on the top, do not try to run down. Should you take one false step, you might fall never to rise again. Let us take the gentlest slope ! Once down the mountain, in the small valley, let us use our feet and hands to creep over the narrow stone walls which di\'ide the ricefields. Do not fall, for you would come out of the stick~, mud with great difficnlty. Here we are at Canew. It took us 0:1ly three hours. You are good Alpinists. Yon see Canew is only a small village lost in the mountains. Father Billiet was the first Missionary in 1922 to visit this spot. And why is this Yillage smaller than others in the district? Let us ask the Igorotes from other villages and they will tell us that Canew is and will always remain a small hamlet, unable to raise rice enough for its subsistence, because its inhabitants have killed the Son of God. I told them it was all a lie. they had not killed the Son of God, but that on the contrary the Son of God lm·es the people of Canew and that He would visit them, nay. eYen live among them. I told them I would build a house for Him. That was your house, which you see here now i:1 the center. It was blessed on the 9th of September this year, on the feast of St. Peter Cla,·er: all the inhabitants were present; but one of them, Pedro, is the o:ily Catholic. He has lived a long time with the Fathers at Bontoc. I baptized nine 109 children on that day. The Pagans made a real feast for the occasion. For three days they beat the gongs day and night. I celebrated Mass for them for the first time in your chapel. Father Jose from Bontoc nearly risked his life, fording the Bontoc river to attend the feast. During Mass the Catechist, J ua11 Manzano, recited the prayers with the people who said them \'ery respectfully. After Mass we gave them a banquet with plenty of rice and meat, which. of course. they liked more than the religions ceremonies: they understood the banquet better than the ceremonies, although I had given them a long instruction. Nevertheless, in the evening a good many ga,·e in their names as catechumens: a good beginning, thanks to y0u, dear children. I thank all of you who have contributed towards implanting the reign of Christ in Canew; also the Rev. Father Faniel, who spoke to you about the chapel, and the Rev. Sisters of the Tondo Orphanage, who animated you by their own example of restless activity and christian charity; the ninety little orpha:1s a:1d tbe other four hundred p:;pils of the Orpha1:age. May God bless you all. Your charity and example will excite the charity of other benefactors whom I shall not forget in my prayers. Your grateful missionary Marcel Ghysebrechts. 11) THe Rlind Little Ciirl of Rilis (Hamlet 1ritl1 in the missionary sphere of Bagiiio) rrz::::=11 H ~ HT IS true to ;-;ay that upon ~ 1'~ ~ ~bis earth low is nurtured ~ 'lJ = on sorrow, and that thr H U l' l ti . . . l!:=::::::d most per ect tr 11111011 ot the word Joye is' 'Chant of Sorrow.'' Tinaya lived with her old mother at Bilis, but she had rw,·er :'een the azure-tinted peak:-<, nor the green hills (sometimes o\·ercast by clouds, at other times lighted up by the dazzling tropical sun), nor th(• immense table-land,; streaming with purple ancl gold at su11,:;et, nor the vast ocean with its ,.;ilver-colored water, ever in mysterious and continual motion. Poor Tinaya waf' blind ! \\'hil;.t her more fnr:unate companions were enjoying thern,.;el\-e;; <lancing lg•)rote dances under W:l\"ing banana tree,.;, little Tinaya lingered in t!w dl'pth of her extremP solitmle. Whene,·er she heard people talking of the beauties of nature she instindi \·ely opened her eyes full wide to contemplate the light, the sky and nature in all its grandeur and l"harm, but alas! it was night, endle,;;::; night to her. And again when she heard the voice of her old mother atHl lo\·ed ones, she stretched forth her hand,.; in powerless gesture-if she could only see them with her heart~ ... Oh, she alone knew how sail it was to low and not to be able to see! ... It seemed at times to this poor child that "he was so isolated, :in lonely on earth, that (lay sueceeded day in utt:r sadness, bereft of delight in en•rything, th<1t all her mio<erahle existe1we passed hy without joy, without hope, anrl t.hat one day she too would <lie without e\·2r realizing and satisfying her heart's di>,.,ire .... But a day came when ''.\po Padi" (tht' Fatht'r) passed that way and stopped at Tinaya's house. How she listened 1Yith open ear,;, and for the first time in her life, to thing:> SD ne1r to her, and spoken in f'ud1 genial, kind, comp;1ssionak encouraging, lifegi,·ing, sincere and truthful word" by God's minister! Tears tilled the eye_.;; and •1 thrill of joy went th rough the heart of th i,.: wilrl little lgorote girl. The Father went <l\rny, but not for long. for he :<non returned to speak to. her again of tboo;;e great Catholi1· truth~ whi<"h she had not forgotten. A third time he \rill come back to tell her about ''Apo Dins'', \rhose Heart is more ternler than that of the bef't of mothers, and \\"ho i°:• Iooking at her fron1 Hea \·en, \\"ho knows her sufferi11g.~, and \\'hose ardent and ,.:o]edesirt> is to adopt heras His child. Then the Father remind,.; her of Jesus Christ Who died on the cross for hwe of us, and Who is longing to c·ome and dwell in her heart. Why did nobody ernr speak to her about the truths of our holy Religion? Of this Father Who is in HeaYen, \\·ho see" all, \rho pities all, 'Vho loYes, comforts and con~oles us in all our trials? Oh, when she becomes a Ch riPtian our good God will come to her with the same immense tenderness as made Him die for us on the cross. Then she wili co1n-erse \Yith Him and He will respond to :tll her q uerries, she "·ill tell Him how sad it i:;: to be blind, and He ~vill understand becau;ie He knows all our human frailties .... , she will add that she has such little pleasure on earth, and He will Pnrieh her soul with untold happiness, of which ;;;he has hitherto known nothing, and of which the Gospel "a.Vf': Eye hath not seen, ear hath n<it heard, nor hath the mind of man e\·er concei,·ed what joys God has prepared for those who love Him"... And God will be hers for e\·er ! . . . \\7 hen her mother and eompanions are in the fields at work, she will not be alone, no, no, God will be ever near His little child to encourage and console her. The soul that has God needs nothing, for she has HeaYen on earth! This blind little girl whose soul was imamoured of God, encircled alnmst by the halo of ever increasing delight at the more complete knowledge of her future happy life, will, no doubt, long for with all her strenght and with a faithful, trustful heart will sigh after Baptism. If ever a heart burned with a desire of receiving the Sacrament of Regeneration, it was surely the heart of Tinaya. When the saving waters of Baptism flowed on her 111 forehead she was in a kneeling attitude with handR crossed and trembling on her breast, her lips mowcl in uninterrupted prayer, which the Father did not understand, but whieh must haYe gone straight to the throne of God. And just as from the hillsides glistening \Yith dewy diamonds at sunrise, arises a soft haze which mounts to the sliy, so from Tinaya's shining soul the first incense of prayer ascends to the mercy si;>at of the l\Iost High. God had entered the soul of this blind little lgorote girl, God wa:=; henceforth to be the guest of this simple and pure heart, God was to speak to her, to keep her company, to console her, to be all in all to her, never again to leave her destitute of His presence! Now she is called Marcelina. Every day she says the Rosary on the ~et of beads given her by the Father. This rosary is a family souvenir which was given to him on the day of his departure from Europe, but he deprin~d himself of what he prized so much in response to a mysterious voice speaking within his soul, and gave his precious rosary to his first conq nest at Bilis: the dear little girl. Every day Marcelina, says the fifteen mysteries on this very same rosary for the conversion of her fellow country men. As the days go by her soul is becoming more beautiful and peaceful, because her best friend is Jesus, Who alone can fully satisfy the hitherto infinite void which she fell in the depths of her 112 hear~. Lately the Father happened to call at her house to ;.;peak her in a gen tie tone on perseyerance, the Joye of Jesus, and of Hea\·en whi<'h 1rill one day be her palace and her re1ra rd, and as he was giving his parting blessing :o:he took hold of his han(l >;«tying with a tre Ill bli ng yoiee: " . .\po Padi, I haYe only one desire ... take me once to Baguio, to the grand church, that I 11l<ty feel that I am for once in our dear Lord's house.'' Who found America 1 While Columbus is usually credited with the disco1·ery of America, it b c-ertain that Cabot, sailing out of Bristol, beat him to the mainland, and it has also been claimed that the Norsemen, sailing Yia Greenland, had reached the A meric-an coast some centuries befor~ that. A new theory, to the effect that it was the Irish who discovered America, has now, however, been adranced by Father Divine, a Canadian antiquarian, and :Monsignor E1·ers of New York. According to Father Divine, maps recently discovered in the Vatican show that the whole coast of North America, from X 01·a Scotia to Florida. was known as lreland the Grea~ in the year 1000. Monsignor Evers, also basing himself on Yatican records, ascribes the discorery of the New ·world to Saint Brendan, the navig-ator, an Irish Bishop of the ninth century, who, he says. passed down the New England Coast as far as Delaware in the course of a missionary royage. Supporters of the new theory also point to the similarit.v of the famous Round Tower at 1'ewport to the ancient towers in Ireland. My Ciood Right Hand I fell into grief and began to complain; I looked for a friend, but I sought him in vain: Companions were shy and acquaintances were cold, They ga1·e me good counsel, but dreaded their gold. "Let them go"'. I exclaimed, "I've a friend at my side To lift me and aid me whateYer betide: To trust to the world is to build on the sand:I'll trust but in' Heaven and my good right hand. My courage reYiYed in my fortune's despite, And my hand was as strong as my spirit was light: It raised me from sorrow, it saYed me from pain, It fed me and clad me again :.nd again. The friends who had left me came back every one, And darkest advisers looked bright as the sun: I need them no more, as they all understand,! thank thee, I trust thee ; my g-ood right hand. 113 The Psychology of the Filipino By Hon. Norberto Romualdez Ass1Jcialt Juslict of the Sirµttr11l Court (Ji the l'h iliµpine Islands ( C()ntin>wtio11) During the fir,.:t <'enturies of the Spanish regirne, Philippine c·ornmerc·e abroad wa,.; controlled by the the Gcffern111e11 t, and carried on trade with :\Iexico, the port of Acapulc:o being the place for unloading the Filipino products. llt-'re is a ,-iew of Acapulco, fromBlair and Hobertson: There is an olcl manusc'l'ipt written in Bi~ayan in which the C()(le of Kalantiaw, 111e11tioned before>, i,.; eontained, and abo a Filipino i-:tlendar. Thi,: nrn11u,.:c·ript dates haek to the year UH;). It,; original has been deli Ye red to Don Marcelino Orfila, a resident of S<trngosa, Spain. It was translated into Spanish by Don Rafael :\Iuruyeclro y Zamanew. Fr. .Jo,.;e :\Ta. Pil\·6n, while a parish priest of the town of Himamaylan. Occidental Negros, caused the translation to be copied by his clerk .Juan Antonio Collado in the years lk3k ancl 1839, this copy being entitled "Las A mizuas Leyendas de la Isla de N egros". This copy was sent to the Philippine Library and :\fu5eum by :\Ir. :\Iarc6, of PonteYedra, Occi114 dental Negros. The bibliographer l\Ir. Artigas, published said Filipino calendar in "El Renacimiento Filipinu", of its special edition 011 its anniversary, in .July, 1913, page 13. Here is a view of this f<~ilipino Calendar: According to· the explanations given in said manuscript, the months of the year are represented in this calendar. The names beginning with that corresponding to the month of January, are these: Inaginid, U lalen, Dagagkahoy, Daganinan, Kilin, Inabuyan, Kaway, Kaoy-os, Irarapon, Manalulsol, Birawhan, and Katimugan, each month having 30 days, and the last 26 days. This information seems to be confirmed by Loarca, who ran over the whole Archipelago in about the year 1576, and wrote a book entitled "Relacion d• las Islas Ft"lip1'.nas." Said Don :'.\Iiguel de Loarca, giwR the nati,·e names of eight months of the year and stating that the other four months had no names because no agricultural \\·ork waf' done during them. I say that Loarca's information tends to confirm what is stated i,1 the manuscript above referred to, because the names of the months given in both accounts are wry similar and some of them identical. Here are the names given by Loarca: Ulalen, Dagagkahoy, Daganenan, Elquilin, Inabuyan, Cavay, Yrurapun, Manalulsul. As to weights and measures, the early Filipinos had the talaro, which was a kind of s.:ales of balances. I have already mentioned the tahel, one halfof which was called tegd, and one fourth, sapalza. For weighing, they used the sinantan, one half of which was called banal. For dry goods they had the kaban, (bakid in Bisayan), and the Tagalog sal6p (gantag in Bis&yan) which four last terms are still being used by our people. For lineal measures, we had, and still have, the dipd in Tagalog (dupd in Bisayan), which is the equivalent of the English fathom. The dankal in Tagalog (dagaw in Bisayan), which is the length between the e11ds of the thumb and the middle finger both extended. The tumur6 in Tagalog ( baragitan in Bisayan) which means the length between the ends of the thumb and the forefinger both extended. These measures were regulated by the Spanish Government in 1727. \\" e liad ~1.lso surface measures, like the !agpu/6 in Bisuyan ancl the pisos6n among the Biko!,:, etc. As to nu111erieal system. the Filipinos ahniys rnwcl the clecirnal, every ten being called p:tl6 whieh in Tagalog is pu6 by rnppreE'!'i ng the l in pul6. Henc:e, in Tagalog, ten is sampz'i, which i,; a contraction of isag pu6; and in Bisayan it is nap:d6 in Leyte, a Cl•ntrnction of usd g<i pu.6, aml sakatulo in Panay, by contracting the phrase isa ka pulo. The word tin~ is lima in the Fili115 pino diaiects, beeause in primitive ::\Ialay, lima \nts the name of the hand, whi('.h has fi\·e fingers. So in Tagban1Yan, hand is alima. I Im Ye 1wt gone i ntn more detail,, in order not to charge your patience too much. But with the date given, I hope I ham furnished infonnatinns abuut the praetieal manifestations of the Filipino culture, besides its intelleetual and moral aspects, about \rhich I propo,o;e to speak in the next part of this lecture. II. Philippine Litt:rature. I shall now speak on Filipino literature. Of cnurse, by literntnre, I mean here the collective hody of liternry pro cl uctions. A people like the Filipinos, with a history and culture, must h;we, as they do ha\'e in fact, their literature. The information given in the first ·part of thi" iedure. although far from being exhausti\·e, shOIYS, I hope, that the Filipino people in general possess culture, if we understand hy culture the enlightenment and discipline acquired by mental trai11ing. It mnst be ohsen·ed that the present culture of the Filiriinos is tlw product of two main eleme11ts, to \\'it: the native culture possesse<l for so many centuries.certainly not so fully developed in the Philippines, as it was in India, its place of origin, because these peDple were separated from their center their original native land, but developed by themselves in their own way under the peC'uliar eirnunstances in which they were placed by Providence. The second element of our culture is the occidental infiuenre brought by the Spanish conquest trnd continued now with American contact. In speaking of Filipi no li teratme, it seems proper to begin with the Filipino thought and style, which are the gist of all literature. I shall, therefore, sny something about the Filipino way or thinking aud expressing ideas, which is the oriental way, as clifferentiated from that of the Occidentals. I. Thought and Sentiment. The Filipino, \\'hen ~peaking 1Yith an o,~cidental, is not aln·ays perfectly unclerstoml. 8nmetirnes, the Filipi no, generally courteous, and being respectfu I and re"en·ed by nature, answers \Yith a smile whateYer remark i" made tn him, e\·en when it is not altogether pleasllnt. Al116 though he perfectly knowf' that his nccidental friend is wrong, and en'n if he has good reaf>ons in his own favor, the Filipino usually keeps quiet. Of course, this way of acting is now undergoing f'Ome change, dne to the contact with the American people. The natural re:;;erve of the Filipino is being diminished in some individuals of the younger generation. And in some instances, the change is to such an extent, that the characteristic reserve gi \'es way to an exaggerated boldness which undoubtedly is striking to Americans themselves. The change, however, is as yet far from being generalized. The great majority of the Filipino people continue to be attached to their native reRerve, and it will take long before they all abandon it, if it can ever be abandoned by them at all. It is due to this characteristic reKerve, that, generally, the Filipino, who has already a family of his own, is Yery much attached to his home, where he considers to have everything, and has no need for any entertainment outside. This is why, except those accustomed to broader social life, the Filipinos are not generally enthusiastic about going to clubs every day and making it a part of the activities of life. As to the literary thought and style, there is a difference between the Filipino and the Occidentals. One of the most peculiar characteristics of the Filipino thought and sentiment as distinctively oriental, is the aetivity of imagination, as shown by the frequent use of metaphorical and syrn ho! ic language by means of figures of speech. The be:<t example of Oriental literature is, for me, the Bible, which is fraught with symbols and parables. And the Filipino dialects hear these oriental diaracteri:;;ti<·s, undoubtedly due to the fad that the ~ear East as well a;; the Far East, are both branches of the primitive oriental culture which had its beginning in the center of Asia, extending itself, with the stems of the human race, in all directions. A Westerner who reads the Bible for the first time, may find in thi,,; book a loose style, and, if suC'h reader i!' of a religious temperament, he ma.r attribute such style to the fact that the Bible is an ar.cient book inspired by God. This is, of course, true; but I believe it is due, in part, to the fact that the \Y esterner doe8 not think nor express his ideas in the same manner as the Oriental. .:\loses, and the Prophets, the E\·angelists, and the Apostles were ori-. entals. The Hebrew language, in which the Bible was originally written, is oriental. An ordinary example of this difference of thought and feeling between ihe Europeans and the Filipinos is the following: In Spanish they say "buenos dias"; in English, "good morning"'; in French "bon jour"; in German "guten tag", or "guten morgen"; but in Tagalog, we say "magandag araw. po" (beautiful day, sir or madam). Please note that the Spanish, the English and the Freneh 8ay "good day", that is, they go by utility and goodness, while the Tagalog prefers going by beauty, and says magandag araw, (beautiful day) and not mabutig araw, (good day). The Phi l i pp i n e Independence Con11nission has _just published a well presented book entitled "Beautiful Philippines". The title appeals to me as another striking manifestation of Filipino psychology, showing, once more, that the Filipino, instinctively, goes by beauty instead of going by utility. Otherwise, some less idealistic title could ha\•e been gi\·en to the book, like 117 "Progressi<·e Philippines'', instead of ''Beautiful Philippines''. And, a,;; I ha,·e said, the character of the Filipino is not usually manifested readily to the Westerner, especially when the latter does not speak in the dialed of the former. Iu the foreign languages, we do not al ways ti nd adequate expres:=:ions to com·ey our thought,-. \\'hen we speak Spanish or English, we hardly think in either English or Spanish, so that mneh of our defi(·iency in the use of the occidental languages, 111ay be attributed, partly, to our different mode of eonceiving and eiq::.ressing our ideas. f 1'o be contintierl.) Price of a Discovery Documents recently brought to light assert what the discovery of America has cost. Christopher Columbus, as head of the expedition, receiYed a salary of $:~20, or P!i40. Look for people now-a-days who would discoYer America for $2~, or 1"54 per month. The two captains of the ships under the command of Columbus got $180, or f':l60 a year. The sailors were giYen $2.25, or 1"4.50 per month. The equipment of the entire flotilla amounted to $2,800, or 1'5,600. Eatables, bread, wine, vegetables, meat, fowl cost $0.60, or f'l.20 per head and per month: in all $400, or 1"800. When Christopher Columbus returned to Europe. he was giYen the sum of $4,400, or P8,800 as reimbursement as funds for the enterprises he had undertaken. This represents the omlay of the expedition, which lasted from August :lrd 1492 to )farch 4th i.rn:~. If we add to the above sum $2.800, or '1"5,600 for the equipment of the vessels. we shall see that one of the greatest discoYeries, of which humanity is so proud, has cost only the sum $i,200, or 1"14,400. These figures haYe been obtained from Pinzon Brothers, shipowners at Palos, and thanks to whom Christopher Columbus was able to accomplish his first voyage. - "l saw you going into the tavern the other day" said Mich. -'·It would have been worse to see me coming out" said Pat. 118 Frnm Solano, Suen! Fizcaya. Father \Yaffelaert writes: the frontside of my poor church has been considerably damag-ed by the typhoon of October 3d , but I hope to be aule to have it repaired before long . .,,& From B1iy1tlJWJ, Xuera l'izcaya. Father Degryse is doing- his utmost best to complete a new chapel in the hamlet of Tuao. This chapel, when completed. will mark a very consoling progres-; toward.; the religious redval of his people. He writes : The immigr:mts from Santa Lucia have built a chapel with iron roof in one week. It was inaugurated on the feast of St. Lucia. . Miss )[a tilde Lumauig, a high school student and member of the sodality of the children of Mary passed away. Until her last moment she prayed, together with her three sisters. Before she died she told her mother, brothers and sisters not to cry, for God called her, she said, and she felt happy to go to Him. All the children of )fary attended mass for her and offered one Holy Communion. .,,& From Bokod, Benguet. Father Claerhoudt, while retained at Bisale by the stormy weather writes: I am here in Bisale in the house of Arna Francisco. Outside the rain falls by torrents. The day before yesterday I left Kabayan, after having traveled around for more than a week. from Libong- to Gossaran. Last Thur;oday in Daclan. I had the pleasure of uaptizing Y g-me La ms is. ex-president of Bokod. l"sPle,;s to say that our good catholics rejoiee in this ewnt. Next .:\fonday I will goo hack to Liboong. because the ;\lamhunung (pagan priest) of that place. wants absolutely to be baptized. Lately he had a serious row with his wife. .Tu:<t think of it: she opposed hiscorner;;;icn. .,,& From Dupax, St1erci l"izrnya. Father Dewit asked JO subscriptions to the aLittle Apostle."· That is an example for the whole province. .;A F1·om Baguio. Five Ifugaos stabbed an Ilocano boy. took away the lower jaw and cut open his feet to tap off his blood: all thi~ to celebrate one of their superstitious feasts. Only the Christian education of this poor people. will stop them in the obsen-ance of surh uarbarous customs. .,,& Actually a great fear reig-r.·s in nearly the whole Ifug-ao subpro\"ince . Lately several have bePn murdered. The relatives of the once murdered are on the look out for a blocdy revenge and rarely do people dare g-o to visit other towns or even to pass near. When will this stop? When christianity shall have taught them to forg-h·e their old inveterated hatred for past murders. 119 t R. F. PAUL LEGRAND Missionar.11 of Bauco, 1Wt. Prol'i11ce, drowned in the Bauco river. ;\ few da~·s ago we received the sad news that Father Paul Legrand. missionary of Bauco, )fountain Provin('e, was aecidental!Y drowned in the river near his miosior1. on Sundav. October 12. ' . . ' The dear Father was born in Brussels. Belgium, in 189.). He received the H. Priesthood in the same town in 1922. He arrived in the P. T. in Xovernber HJ2~. \Vas appointed to the mission of 8:1uco. in June 192-!. and died there on Sunda~·. Octolwr l:?. 19:?4. Altt10ugh accidentally drowned, nevertheless it ma\· be said of Father Legr~.nd: "he has ·given his life for his flock" and we, his confreres, although sad indeed at heart, we say with the Hol.\· man Job: "God gave him. God hath taken him. ma1· His HoJ-i- Will be blessed". · • Fither Legrand started from Bauco on Saturdav Oct. 11th in the afternoon on his way· to Guinsadan, a hamlet of the Bauco mission, where he was to say mass on the next day. He would have gone on horseback, but on his way· he had to vbit a sick dying person, which he could reach only on foot: so on foot he went to save a soul: for a soul he 1rns ready to give his life.· Had he not come last year from Belgium, abandoned his old mother and family in tears. to save souls in the )lountain Provinc'e '? He could have lived an easy life in his country, but no, he wanted as Christ and with Christ to sa rn souls. So. instead of his comfortable home at· Brussels, he had since four months taken up his abode in the poor mission-house of Bauco. Young and strong, kind and gentle, already beloved by all the Igorrotes from Bauco and the surrounding ha1.1lets, he was the hope of the mission. Yes. he would saye soul~ and rnam·. but God was satisfied with his g·ood will. with the sacrifice of all that he lm·ed most on earl h : God took him on Sund av. Oct. 12th at 11 a. m. }[av God's HoiY Will be blessed. · · On that. Sunday. after :-.Iass and an instruction at Guinsadan. Father Legrand came back on foot to Bauco. From IO to 11 he walked hard. It was hot, "wry hot" he said to his boy who was with him. Xe\·ertheless under the burning sun he.climbed the mountain and arrived. exhausted from the march and the heat, at the Bauco mission. A little later he left his house and went riverwards. The boys thong-ht he had gone to Vila to Yisit a sic!< christian. as he often did. It was 'tour in the afternoon. The Christians of the mission waited on Father Legrand for the benediction. The Father had not come back. 'Vhere was he? The people were anxious and went in search of him. Xear the river they found his cassocl-:. \Yas it possible? Too terrible! Down the river they went, searching about in the little water the stream contained. Half an hour later they found the Father, in his bathingsuit, a meter and half under water. Blood f1011·ed from his ears, mouth, eyes etc. Taken by a congestion the poor Father, unconscious, had been carried awa.v by the ril·er. Instead of the expected refreshing bath after his tiring inarch, he had found death and he, who had begun to work to bring the !"ouls of Bauco to heaven, had gone first. God had received his sacrifice and crowned his efforts and good will. }fay God's Holy will be blessed. R. I. P. 120 r= CSA~ ~ ~.._......-,,_,_,_ - A "'"--~ ~ - - ---~--~ .... , ! + CURRENT EVENTS + ! L .... C!$ •>Hi i!i¥M: ~~izm,~ .... ,.. .. ._!!!i:JAi:"i"Ort~-=~~-~----=... IO;il J Philippines With the Legislature. It is proposed Ii.'· a bill to compose a national common languag·e. "'hy not take as a <'ommon language the Tagalog dialt>et '? Or why not use the three principal dialect,s of the Islands? Let them be taugl1t in the schools. The bill proposing togiv<> the women the right to vote was \·oted down. Hence indivi<lual8 will be allowed to purehase IH hectares of public land. Those who are qualified to apply for homestead shall be 16 \·ears ~f ao·e at least, pay an initial fee dr 2 I' only. ~lace under cultivation at least one third of the land within th·e vears and shall lfre in the pro\•ince \\:here the homestead b located. A proposition to suppress the cedula tax was rejected. The Senate plans to start a"ricultural colonies. administered by ~he Government and whose benefits would l!O to the nation. The sum of r'500.0CO would be appropriated fo1· that purpose. The Senate adopted the Fonacier bill making appoinments of supt>rintendents of public sehools subject to confirm a ti on of the Senate. The legislature would extend the right of voting at the coming elections to the inhabitants of the non-chrh;tian provinees. A bill was signed by the Governor General making Pl.000.000 available as aid to provinces to build hospitals. The provinces who have alreadv hospitals under construction will be the tirst to receive assistance. Thanks to Senator Alegre the eas\· divorce bill was rejeeted. . Senator Ale.randrino was reseated in the Senate with the right to vote bur depri vecl of his "alary. Auditor \Yrig-ht having-declared that certain members of the legislatrn abused their transportation priYilegt>s by charging the transportation expenses of their families lo the funds of the legislature, the ~enate wrote a protest against tlle Auditor accusing him of gross disc·ourtef'y for calling· tl!e abo\·e said C'Xpens!.'s: "le~rnlizecl robbery.'' As a bill was proposed to introduce religious instru,·tion into the public schools. so that an,· student ma\· at the request of his p0 arents rt'!.'eh·e· the religious instruction he wants. Senator ,\ legre attaL·ked se\·erely t hP co-edUt·ation s,,·stem of the public sl'lwols. as well as its in·eligiousness. "There is rampant ignoranee of God and loOi't> morality in the schools''. he said. ·'ar:d the l'O-educational system hel'l' in n1gue is largely responsible 1"01· this deplorable situation." Are better days in view? The American Holid Hubber Comp~.ny sent a rep1·psentat ive to stud,. the possibilities of growing rullbe; in '.\findanao. Mr. l >eininger after a six months' stay in Mindanao stated that in the "economic garden of Eden'" ('.\Tindanao) rubber. tea. eortee and q mmne could he pro<l uced in greater quantities and at greater profit than in the Dutch possessions, bul, he added, the development of plantations in Mindanao ought to be done by interests with large financial backing. Coir fiber of coconut husks is in great demand in Europe. '.\lillions of these husks are wasted in the Philippinef. Since long. machines haYe IJeen in use in the English Indies to extract the coir tib2r. "'hy not introduce them into the Philippines·~ During the month of October prices of hemp reached a high figure, to fall down a little later. Last September ,\!bay again produced most hemp: 2.).172 bales, with Leyte a close second, :.!:l,2Gl bales. The total production in the P. I. was 125,3i5 bales. A great constructor from Hongkong declared lately that the best cement in the Far East was the Celm cement. No wonder thus that more and more Cebu cement is exported. Exportation of embroidery during the last tiYe years (1919-HJ2il) averaged a little less than 1'10,500,000 of which 60% represents the wages of the workers engaged in the industry. During the month of September Cebu exported to foreign countries merchandise worth i'3,5i4,258. Nevertheless more and more laborers leave the Philippines for Hawaii, while the possibilities on the rich Filipino soil are unlimited. WHY? .'What are the remedies? With busy readers. The Holy Father, Pope Pius XI sent 1'15,000 to the typhoon sufferers of the diocese of Tuguegarao. ,,. Seventy-two, of whom 60 are women. passed their last examination for phar~ macists, although 24 of them, who passed only conditionally, will ha Ye to face another examination. 121 President Quezon and Senator Osmeiia were given a hearty welcome on their return from the United States. Both are hopeful to see the next session of the "C"nited States' Congress pass legislation settling the Philippine question definitely by granting the Islands their long coveted independence. Both were feted at Tokio by the members of the Japanese diet. According to President Quezon, 1Ir. Coolidge will be elected Pi-esident of the Gnited States. ,,. RepresentatiYe Recto, another member of the Filipino Independence Commission will arrive during this month. It is said that he will make sensational revelations about the independence situation in \Vashington. Of the 25,000 teachers in the public schools of the P. I., 10,363 are women. ,,. These last months the papers reported enormous numbers of Chinese immigrants. Questioned about this danger, :\Ir. Aldanese, insular collector of customs said that not all of the incoming Chinese intend to stay in the Philippines. 'I he largest number of Chinese arrived in UJ23. -14,676 were admitted, but that year too 12,020 Chinese left for China. ,,. The dirigible ZR-:~ made the vornrre from Friedrichshafen (Germany) to the United States a distance of 5,066 miles, in 81 hours and 17 minutes. ,,. Tokio registered 4,096 earthquakes since the last terrible earthquake of Sept. 1, 1923. L<ttely it was discovered that the deepest place in the Ocean (32,636 feet), is at 145 miles southeast of Tokio. ,,. Four Filipino girls, who arrived penniless in Seattle with the hope of finding a job, covering their expenses while studying at a college, had to be 122 placed under the care of the Sisters of the Good Shepherd: the~' did not find a jOb and so have many Filipino students been disappointed, when they landed in the Fnited St'ltes without the means of support. Foreign China. About the fifteenth of October the ci vii war between Kiangsu and Chekiang came to rather what the Chinese call the end. The Chekian!l forces surrendered and an armistke was declared. Some of !he Chekiang- higher officers fled to Japan. "'ere they bribed to give up their arms? China is the classical land of bribery. 'When soldiers are ~ent to fight the bandits, they tr.\· to bribe them, rather than to fight them. In the meantime the bandits try to bribe the soldiers, to get weapons and ammunition. If both come to a clash, much shouting accompanies the shooting .... in the air mostly. EYen in this ciYil war bet-ween Chekiang and Kiangsu the casualties existed mostly in the papers and not on the battlefield. Most of the bulkts were sent in a vertical and not in a horizontal line. Why should the Chinese kill each other? Let the officers come to an understanding. This does not mean that the civil war has come to a happy end. In China there are three great men who for years try to become the leading force in the country: Sun Yat Sen at Canton, Wu Pei Fu at Peking and Chang Tso Lin in :\[anchuria. Sun these last days has ~:een his own sun eclipsed. So the real fight now is between Wu and Chang. Who will win? Let us look behind the curtains. Nearly all foreign powers favor Chang. He is not antifor·eign. Wu is favored by the U. S. He hates the Europeans. In Yiew of the harmony between foreign powers to support Chang, it is more than probable that the U. S. will let Wu play his own game. Both need foreii[n help : thP one who gets most of it, will surely he the luckier at the end. And then, will China be free of ci vii . war? The country is too big and tht: spirit of di vision between the south and north, as between the different provinces, is 1 oo deep, to unite the Chinese efficaeiously under one man. England. Premier )[cDonald has resigned. ~ ew elections will take place. In fact "McDonald should have resigned long ag·o, or rather he should never haYe accepted the premiership. His labor party was WC'aker than the parties of :he conservath·es and the liberals. But these last two who ha\'e been alternatively in power for a long time, were unwilling to help each other against the labor party. Rather than help each other to govern, they gaYe the premiership to )fcDoriald, the leader of the labor party. In this they had a second reason. Both parties had long been in struggle with France, about peace made and to be remade with Germany. But England could not overcome the stern opposition of France and of most of tlw Allies. Rather than to ![i ve up their dt>mands and to humiliate themselves, both parties gave the labor party a chance to smooth up the situation between England and the Allies. Lately the conference of London pacified more or less all contendants, so )fcDonald was of no further use and Liberals and Conservatives gave him his vacation. The new elections will deeide what party shall dominate in England. The German loan, prescribed !Jythe London conference and to be subscribed by different countries of Europe and the Cnited States, has been a complete success. In all the countries which had to 123 contribute towards the $300,000,000 loan to Germany, their part was greatly oversubscribed. This is a good sign for corning peace. With money in Germany, the other countries will seek to keep Germany in peace. War would mean the loss of that money. A Mission Week. These last ten years the Mission Week, celebratE"d in all towr.s ar:d Yilfag-es of Belgium and Holland. has been a source of immense revenues for the foreign missions. ''"hat is a :'llission Week? Father N .... from T .... wants a Mission Week. He announces it to the people of his parish a few weeks in adnmce. In the mean time he writes to the different )Jissionary Orders of his country. At the date fixed, the various Missionary Orders send one or more of their Missionaries to the parish of Father X .... On the eve of the ~fission Week, the_,- open in one of the biggest halls of the parish a small Exhibition of objects and curios, that came from their missions. During the mission week any one is allowed to visit the fair, provided he leaves a certain amount of money, of course for the support of the missions. On Sunday the Missionaries deliver a sermon at all the rri"asses about their respective missions. A collection is taken up and nobody present would refuse his generous alms for the missions. In the evening one or more of the Missionaries give a lecture in the hall of the Exhibition, again about the missions. Cseless to say that a new collection at the end of the lecture swells the already gathered funds. During the week various committees Yisit the houses of the cat.holic families of the Yillage or town. The work is made known in the sermons and lectures: the Catholic people, interested in the apostolic work of the Missionaries and anxious to help their countrymen as well as the poor heathens of other countries, answer generously the calls of the members of said committees. And the result? Here follows one of the last Mission ·weeks at Brussels, Belgium. "The eollectioRs in the Churches, parish and conventual, of Brussels. tive parishes of Laeken, St. Gilles, th~ Sacred Heart, the Churches of the Carmelite Fathers, the Dominicans, the Fathers of the Blessed Sacrament, the Gesu, were 67,483 franks or $17. 496,m. The Exhibition : 39,340 franks or $7 ,868: the conferences: 7 ,060 franks or $1,412: the film: 10,739 franks or $2,117,04; the schools that were invited to the exhibition and film offered 15,000 franks or $3,000: the total, together with the funds collected by the Committees, amounted to 200,000 franks or $40,000 or P80,000." 124 fortiter et Suaviter Education should becarried on with firurness and gentlene!'s. l:nless it be a meaningless word "parental authority" is obliged at times to have recourse to admonitions, reprimands and even chastisements. Xevertheless, to facilitate the efforts on the part of the child, compelled to study much, and thus renounce attractive pleasure, parents and teachers must be gentle and give their orders persuasi rnly, trying to convince the children of the good and necessity of the order given. It is thus one obtains submission and better results from children. "If you know how to show maternal affection and good humor, if you have more frequent opportunities for rejoicing with your pupils, rather than for scolding and punishing them, everything will be easier for you" ( Alfi'ed 1'errieres, Doctor in Sociofr,gy). The parents' good humor (what is said about parents must be applied to teachers) is communicath·e. The children seeing them working joyfully and merrily, without murmuring against daily hardships and contrarieties, will naturallv imitate them and be more self-poss~ssed and more virile in character. They will more easily overcome little annoyances, which make others complain loucllJ·. It is thus t,patstrong charaeters are formed. The part of a mother in the education of her children is force tempered by constant devotedness to cl u t-y. Sweetness and gentleness on all occasions have charms for the little ones entrusted to her care. \Veakness which tolerates faults in children and satisfies their every whim, discloses a lack of intelligence and true love. Such a weak mother does not see how these uncorrected faults increase in the child dispositions to commit them again and again, and how the~ form real habits: she spoils the child: no, she does not love her child trulv. The little delinquent must. be sometimes chasti'!oecl, but without anger, and who corrects must gently persuade at the same time. Certain mothers by their gentle manners and occasional reprimands at "opportune moments" obtain obedience, relative peace and mutual endurance. Screaming, making noise. insulting. multipl~·ing tht> following cautious words: "be quiet'. ... Leave rne alone'' are good for nothing, they may inspire fear, but they dec>rearn respect and atfec"ion. J nstead of trying to make the child keep still. which is impossible man~· a time. why not turn to account its youthful and spontaneous outbursts and aetiYity? )fother has to see to the ba hies: a con· Stant exercise for her patien('e and gentleness. \Yith sufficient will power on the part of their motht>r, the band of little ones will well understand that mother, though kindness itself, is als:.i their "mistress.'' Parents ought to act firmly and gently, especially at the age when physical as well as moral personality is being developed and asserting itself. Too much indulgence does harm: on the other hand ha1·shness fetters contidence. which is so necessan- for the young.· Those in authority 'oug-ht t'.J be amiable bv their condescendence to just desires, ·aspirations and pfforts of the young: this way the,1· win thP affect ion of the children ar.d when one possesses the heart of a child. ht> controls also the will. One ean thus with more success giw a reprimand when it is necessary. But neYert hele~s one mun never go beyond bounds: onee the heart is shut, educational influence is doomed to failure. Christian parents beg- God's help in a work on which depends the happiness of their children. The wisest of parents will seek these indispensable g-ifts of fortitude and meekness nt their right source: frequent Communion, which will enable them to act·ompli:::h their task "fortiter et s u av it er" (firmly and gently). 125 ftAILBAG OFTHE LITTLE APG!TlE F,ll. all correspondence with ,;THE LITTLE APOSTLE'' send your letters to 1'/ie Little AJ'''stle. JJr,:r.· 139J. J[rrnilu. ha \·e recei Yed many letters this mont ll. Of course spice foruids me to puhli,h ::n:d an!>wer them all. Ard as Our Lord ga\·e preference to little <"hildren. rn do I g-iYe lo a letter which t"ame from a good little Tot. I do not change a word or a letter: Dear Father Yande\\alle. I do not know how to \Hite a letter. Teacher says I must not make condrachionsin writing. but I do not know how to write the words, rn e\·erything is left out. The big girls speak of iwmetry. sicology. inYitation. ccndolence, uusy frindlie letters, but I do not know what all this n;eans. I am always punished for my lef'rnns. My name is • .\ngela. Tcda~· is my feast for it is the Holy ,\ ngel Guardia11s. I like the sthoriesandthepictures in the "Little A post le." I want to become a little Apostle, for I 10\·e God and His priests very much. I am Yer~· small. I am trying to learn Ingles, hut she is Yery ha rd to me. I am ashamed to put my dress and name to tl1is. I am praying Hail ~fary for the missioners in the ~rountain ProYince. I do not like Gographie nor rithmetic, but I like my catchism more than all, for it teaches me about God, the Church and the dear Angel ever at my side. :'.\Ian} centarns are going to the Little Apostle. As ~·ou see. dear readers. the heart of little Angela is !Jetter than the mind. but let Angela study a few years more and she may perhai;s write later nice stories for the Little A rostle. The example of Miss Ceferi11a \Yitte who sent P 5.CO of her pocket money to the )lissions, has found a worthy imitator. )[i!"s Crispine Stacy alrn sacrificed I' 5.CO of her pocket money. She is a student at the college of the Sisters of St. Paul de Chartres. of Tuguegarao. \Yhen ele \'en more shall hal'e imitated thb example, I will publish their pictures all together as twel l'e Apostles, providEd the next eleYen who offer a certain amount for the )Iissions. send also their picture. The pa~ers publish picturPs of boxers. and even murderers. \\-hy should the pictures of charitable children not be published? They may excite others to do S'ome good. Miss Emma Smith from e. S. sent a gift of $40.GO for the mission of the Little Fl0wer of Bokod. Besides she sent a box of cloth for the naked of Father Claerhoudt's flock and writes: ';\Ye were seYeral tocontribute to this gift. Please permit me to say, Father. that nParly al 1 of us who have contri buted to this little charity are working girls, many of us with home obligations, so the amount must necessarily ue small." 126 Just think of it: the amount of 1'80 was collected among near-ly all working girls, some with home obligations. They could have used their poor salary on a thousand useful objects, but no: they remembered there were some :300,000 pagan people, not in their country, but in the Philippines, thousands of miles away. They had never seen the Igorotei;:, but they liked them for God and the salvation of the~e poor ignorant people. and they spared even out of their mouth to do something for the benefit of souls. Does such an action please God? Does it appeal to you, dear readers, for imitation? At least when you die, it will appeal. Thus do it NOW. It was what little Paz Campos and Lourdes Loring from the Assumption College, lloilo, did, when they wrote: I enclose 1'2.CO for the conver~ion of your lit~le lgorotes. I also enclose t'l.00 from one of my friends Lourdes Loring. I receive' ·The Lit.tie Apostle" every month and I like the stories for children especially the story of little Ines. I am in the 5th g-rade and Lourdes in the fourth. I hope you will have many Igorotes converted and that you pray for us that we may pass our examination. But listen Miss Paz, the next time you send any gift, do not send money in the envelope. Just send a :Money Order. I tell you: this last two months, many letters (at least twenty) sent t-0 me or the Little Apostle never arrived: the worst of it was that they contained money. In Belgium you may see in all rail· road stations in big letters the following advice: beware of pickpockets. To you all who send in sub:wriptions etc. I say: BEWAREOFPICKLETTERS. And as a last advice, I repeat what I asked in the last number: dear children, sacrifice five minutes of your time to write a letter to a friend or to speak with a relative asking his or her subscription to ''The Little Apostle." It is commonly said that a catholic paper or magazine can not prosper in the Philippines. Make that a terrible lie and you will desen-e the gratitude of Goel, of the converted pagans, of their )Iissionaries and of ... Yours respectfully in J. C." -Rev. 0. Yandewalle. P. 0. B. U93. )I anila. .JI. CONTRIBUTIONS RECEIVED Blessed Little }'tower's fund for the Bokod Mission. Previously Hecei ,-eel: - - - - - - - P 128.~0 From '.\lbs C~f. \Yitte - - -- - - - - •• 2.00 Total 1"130.f10 ?lliss Crispi11a !'lacy. Tuimegarao -- - I" 5.00 ~t. Paul's Institute. '.\lanila. for Dalupirip - - ,. 20.50 3 Statues and clothes for the same. Assumption College, for a catechist in '.\la.vaoyao - - ·• 30.00 llliss Paz Campas. Ass. College. Iloilo - " 2.00 :Miss Lourdes Lor-ing - --- - - - - - - " l.00 i\liss R Lizares. for Re>. F. Benrms and Rev. F. De Brabandere - •• 20.CO Anonymous for Rec F. De Brahandere " 5.00 Re..-. F. SindlPr. TulJnngan - - - - - ·• n.OO Mr. Wm. Cassin. Chicago, -- - - - - - •• 8.00 Anonl·mous. F S. - - -- - - - - - - ·· 8.00 Total l"ICS.50 All the Missionaries of the Province recommend their benefactors at each mass. We gratefully acknow!Pdge the receipt of canceled stamps, for the beneftt of the ;mssions, from: Ralclomero Be1·clan. :llanila. Elba\Jeth Camantiles. ltogon. Renguet. Hev. P. Andres :llarquez. Batangas. Eutiquiano E. C. Saca;-. Tu\Jnran. Cebu. Bibiana Acosta. Tairn<lin. Ilocos Snr. Josefa Prudencio. Pasig. Rizal. Irinea Prudencio, Sil 'estra Prudencio " Rufo Velarde. Intramuros. Manila. 2. Clemente Aradillos. lOi LeJiraspi. Intramuros. :llanila. Buena..-entura Espina. Gral. Luna 73. Intramuros. '.\lanila. Montserrat Gamboa. Jaro. Iloilo. 12i For the Little Tots To=morrow I Will be Good It was in the year 1918 at the end of the great war. Jean a French soldier from Paris had just arrived home. Alas ! the war had not made him better. He was a drunkard. This was due to his friends who after work invited him for a drink to the next" tavern. After the first drink came a second and a third and so on. So every night he went home without money and without brains. His poor mother had given him a very pious education, but when one has become the slave of his passion, his mother can only weep and pray : both she did. One evening, Jean as usually drunk, was on bis way home. Passing by a church not yet closed, nobody knows why, Jean entered it and took a chair somewhere in a hidden corner. Very fow people were in the church. After a while they all left. The porter of the big church made a short inspectio:i of the building rattling his keys, but Jean had fallen asleep and not even thunder would have aroused him from his drunken sleep. The door was closed. Jean in the house of God. slept! was alone How he It was ten, eleven o'clock. Jean slept still on his chair. Midnight. Twelve times echoed the sounds of the big clock on the tower. Jean made a slight mo\·ement. All at once a voice yelled thru the dark naves. Jean woke up. He had heard that noise. He tried to look around, to figure out where he was. His trembling hands met only what he took for chairs. Again the voice sounded and this time it seemed louder than before : ''if somebody is here in the church who can serve mass, please let him approach and serve my mass.'' This was enough to make Jean the most sober man in the world. He looked all around and lo ! at the door of the sacristy he saw ... what ? ... a dim light ... in the midst of it was the form of a priest dressed for Mass . . . Jean would have screamed but he dared not. \Vhy was that priest there? What time was it? Where was he? Then he remembered how 123 he had entered the church, how he must have fallen asleep. ..\gain for the third time the voice of the priest asked for a sen·er to sen-e his mass. \\Thile a boy, Jean h<,d often served Mass. Shall he sen-e the Ylass of that mysterious priest? He thought. He remembered the story of his mother who told him once how a priest, who during his life had forgotten to say a l.iass, had come back after death to celebrate the sacrifice he had forgotten in his negligence. Th's priest too might be a dead priest in need. "After all, said Jean, he will do me no wrong . . . I will go and sen-e his mass." This said, Jean approached the apparition. But when nearer the spectre, for a spectre it was, how Jean repented. There, at four steps away from him, stood a priest. His head was a skull. The fingers with which he held the chalice were only tiny yellow bones, the extremes of a skeleton. The ghost addressed Jean in a pleading and hollow voice. "My friend, he said, \Vill you serve my mass? I will ask God to reward you greatly for your service.'' Jean wished he had been at his mother's side. To escape was impossible. But then the ghost seemed to be well intentioned. Jean acquiesced to render him the service he asked. At this, the priest proceeded to the altar. Jean followed and found everything all at once ready. The candles were lighted, the water and wine were ready, the altar was uncovered and the book was at its place. As an ordinary priest the ghost mom:ted the altar and came back again to say the prayers at the foot of the altar. Jean knelt trembling at a little distance. \Vhenever the ghost bowed his skill or his skeleton, how the bones rattled ! \\-hen he beat his breast with the bony fingers, hmv Jean shivered. The mass proceeded. Jean brought the water to the ghost to wash his fii;gers ... jast think of this: to pour \Vater over the bony sticks protruding from under loose sleaves while the big vacant eye holes seemed to gazeatJean. Jean would haYe preferred a bombardment in the trenches. Anyway he got through with his sen-ice. The '.\lass was ended. The last benediction was given. Then the ghost stopped a1:d turned his skull towards his server, his visible white teeth rat· tled once more. ''Listen, he said, you have deli\·ered me from purgatory. I thank you. In turn I will render you a service. I tell yon : next year at this date and at twelve at night. you will die. Go and prepare yourse If.'' At this, the ghost dissappeared and left Jean alone and of course deep in thought. \Vhat? next year. h-= would die ? And he had li\·ed such a bad life. He, a drunkard for many a year, he would have to go before his God and judge to give an account of his life, so sinful, so bad. 'Oh! be would change all at once. To-morrow he would begin his penance, he would do great, terrible penance, for bis sins were many and great, he would find a place in a convent and as a Iaybrother spend his last tweh·e months in the most holy life. Four hours more, he bad to wait before he could get out of the church, gave him ample time to. strengthen his resolution. (To be continued. J ---(,._,C,,_u-,,-, 7 /ic-ce-n tia eccl e siastica) ~@@@~ PROVECHE~V la ocaswn ~A~ ~i!J!!li!J~ del cambio para comprar en condiriones ja1:orables una buena P::scopefa francesa rh:'~r LA CENTRAL JOYERIA AR.\lAS Y M1(1CIOXES ESCOLTA 29 MANJtll\., P. I. Save E-,very Centavo You Can Then open a SAVINGS ACCOUNT with us. You need only ~l.00 to start the Account and it can te done by Mail. It pays 4,Yz '1( interest quarterly. Write to our Savings Account Department for information. The Bank of the Philippine Islands WILLIAM T. NOL TING. Presideut. Head Office:- Manila. flOSTOProRTUNiis --~-~~~~-~--·---~---~-----~~~-~-----~~~ I You \\ill often hear u-1en and \\ nrnen "~) - "I \'1"'h I kne\\ ho\\ to ll'C a t)pt:\\ 11tc:r. I There are so many times tLat I could s,nc l both time and money, hut I ha,·en't time to ;: learn nc,w. ·· ~ i They lo>! tl1eir oppe>rtunity lo learn" hen it could ha\'e been done without any special effort ,,r time. H'/idl !' \','hc1; the\· ,. . ~ were in school they do~1e a great deal of writing in preparing lessons just ~1~ you are ~ doing and if they had don(.-: thi~ writi1~g on a type\\·riter tht"y would hn\·(· accomplished two things at one time, i. e. their lessons and the: practice in typeing THEY LOST THEIR OPPORTUNITY - ~· ARE YOU ALSO LOSING YOURS ? ~ An Cnderwood l'ortable Type"·riter will help you IW\\ \\ith your le"On> and ~make you an expert typist for the future. ~ Smith, Bell & Co., Ltd. ~ Hongkong & Shanghai Bank Bldg. ~"_...;-_:.-:-~~""=:...-:-:t---..,.,.....=i!l=--~·~::_-___.7. ___ ~-~--~C:--~----=--=~=~.........,_~_,,.--=~=--'~~_,,_~--=-~~~~ ;;.i::o::.::! ~::-:::::::::::i:::x.:.m~:::::=:::-x:::::i::::x.....~n~rmxxnnn::-:::m.:x::::xm:r.u:i:::nrm:::nn:r=xnmx..::xz:Ui::rr..;;; S E ·~ ~L\XL\lO \'lCE~TE WRITING PAPER SALE~ .. ~ T ALLERES DE ESCUL TURA, E PINTURA y PLA TERIA at the a " R. Hidal~830 al 834 Tel. 3528 :: .. .. ~ NILA, I. F. Ph"l" . Ed ti0 c I ~:: .. .. §:. Se tallan con maquin:iria modcrna, I mal lppme uca on o., DC. s:: genes. :\ndas, . .\!tares, l'lilpitos y otros :::::: trabajos de Ebanisteria, y ~larcos ar- ::8:: tistic:is. Ornamentos de lgl ·sia y Talle1 de bordados, etc. g:: Special-Kiltie Lawn Writing Paper, e Los encar;os se cumpieo COD prootitud y esmero only. P0.20 a = ~ M a.. This is a good ql1ality !ow pr!ced statione:-y. §:: 18 Double sh,?cts and envelopes !n a pretty ==~:::: SASTRERIA Scotch cla<d box. Kiltie Lawn Writing PaFer 0.20 ~ .. Flower Brand Writing Paper. Good DE qe::.I!ty I:w i='~~c.:d writing paper and envelopes § a in bea.utJd flowered bo:s:, was FO.&O now .. P0.20 8 ~ tleutcrin ilHenhez ~ a ~ § Magallanes 106-108 lntramuros Robinson Daily Reminders now only e 8 Pl.00 and P2.00 each. This is an ~ t: Manila, I. F. T elefonn 3 i35 Book h d d d 8 § Ideal M"'mo ; eac page is iv1 e into .,,. =:: several. handy coupons so you may tear out §:: any one and leave the rest. E,. Each book is inclosed in a Ceautiful leather ~ :: " A ti"gu B t" R • case which also serves as a card case and "' .... ~====.. n a o tea am1rez bill fold. § .... (Antes Zobel) Sizes 3\ by 5, and 3l by 7 inches. Established in 1834 Cowhide, were P7 .50 and P5.50P 2 .00 .. ~ ~=::.. now. 1.00 g~" 123-125 Calle R<al ( lotramuros ) S'zos 3: by 5 in. and 3 oy 31 in. gen- t1 Tel. No. 425 P. IJ. Box 929 uine leather. = MANILA = 8 s:zes 3~ by 7 in. imitation leather now 1.00 8 ~ .. =::.. = .... Mail Orders, Postage Extra. .. I A. GARCIA 1 ... a PRoCEss ENGRAVER Philippine Education Co., !nc. 8 5 ".. 32 Sta. Potenciana. Manila, P .I. ci 1 E 1 'J "l p I :: .. g Phone 27JS Ci;: ~co ta .l alll fL .. S " .. " .. ·~Y'!"Xr. :.:r.:::xll:::l..r"Jll%D J:T:ITXXTX'J'TITTT'D::::r::::m~1:nnxmmu:rn::xxxxrxxxxx:1XXJmx:I:I:I:r"-.mil.:::::r...~I-r Deposito en Manila. GEORGE, O'FARRELL&CIE. 540 Sales, Sta. Cruz P.O. Box iBOl, Phone 1262 rr::xxxxx:::x::x:==x:x::rx:=z==:c:=xxxxxx:::::::ro:::::::z:::z::::xxxxx:xxxxxx~ H It ~ ALHAMBRA ~ H H = CIGAR & CIGARETTE MF'G. CO. ~ H It ~ MANILA, P. I. ~ H H H H H H H CIGARILLOS T ABACOS 11 H H H H H H H c H = AGAYA:XES COHO:XAS = H H = ISABELAS EXCELE:XTES = H ~ ~ EXTRE LARGOS ESPECIALES ;; H H H H = ROYALES BELLEZAS = ~ ~H H IMPERIALES PHESIDE:XTES " H M H = t!: ~-=: = * * ::::::::::::::::x::a::::a:z:::::a:::::z:::::::::~:z:::xz:::c::z::::c::a::::::z:::::::z::::z:::::z:z::::::x:z:z:::::~a1:n.F. 1.-.;··~~, .. .., ~~, 1 FILIPINOS! i IF YOU GO TO SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. U.S., SF.E FIRST REV. 0. VANDEWALLE, 2020, Herran Manila, ~r the KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS, Arzobispo St. Manila . . , -k information about the Filipino Cluli. J.±~l Sutter St .. San Fram·hC<· ''al. The dull offers the c·omt'on,; and ('OlffenieIH'e:.; ur lioth home ::;·d :·lub to <"alllolic Filipino young· men. Tts fal'ilitih include dormitories. reading· roo111. C'ard roulll . .-;o<'i:l.! hall, !!Yll1!1a,ium. 'hO\\ er baths. t.ermis court. pool hall. and l'rPe emplo.nnent Llm·eau. \York aftPt' sdwol hour,; is found [or c;tL1d<·n1,;. Information and addee a;;; to ,,c·liools. etc· .. is . .!'i\·en. Outside lodg·ings «re found at low rates for lliosp prefrn·ing lo live with private families. Tlie t;tuh make" a minimum eharge for room rent only. To 1·each tlw Cluli: from the ;.;hip. take y..,J]O\V or Hed Top taxi. The manager of' the Clubb :\It·. Edward .J. ::'llcl'arty. "Es Tu DI OH e A High Class Weekly, Published in Spanish SUBSCRIPTION RA TES PER ANNUM Local P 6.00 Foreign $ 6.00 Advertising rates on application Tel. 572 -3409 J. A. DE ABOITIZ P.O. Box 1646 Advertising Manager Forms for Private Schools Pupil's Permanent Record Card \Per 100 copies..... . .. P2.oo ~I Fom 137, P"m"' o• ln«•m•d;•«: ::: ::,::::: •.........• :::: On Index Bristol , ., SOO . a / copies. . . . r 4.50 {:11~0'!._ i1110.cj_~_p_osl3_ge Form 137, Secondary Monthly Report Card ~ Send cash with order to i CATHOLIC SCHOOL PRESS 'j Baguio, Mt. Prov., P.I. - ~11em,.-::::._...-,.lii;3-~~ .._ .,._. _.. ~ I t s. f s ~ j i I I j I i 'i.._:~ ...... ""':-·--~ - ____ -:..;_;_· -=--=~ - ~· • •o ~ •- - ~ ·---Our l\1ission field ~ ... D ' i I I - -.-J