The Little Apostle of the Mountain Province. Vol. II, No.4 September 1925

Media

Part of The Little Apostle of the Mountain Province

Title: The Little Apostle of the Mountain Province. Vol. II, No.4 September 1925
Issue Date: Vol. II (No. 4) September 1925
Year: 1925
Language: English
Rights
extracted text: VOL. II, No. 4 September 192S Catholic School Press, Baguio, Mt. Pr. Entered as Second·Cla•s ,\\:otter at the Post Office at Baguio. ,\lountnin. on February ,, 1!>2 THE LITTLE APOSTLE OF THE MOUNTAIN PROVINCE 1'he official organ of the Jiissionaries of the Immaculate Heart of Mary (Scheut1:eld Fathel's) in the ~ 1fountain Province of the Philippilies. Edited and published monthly Editor . . REv. 0. VANDEWALLE, P. 0. Box 1393, Manila, Phil. Is. Publishers . . . . . . . THE CATHOLIC ScHOOL PRESS, Baguio, Philippines. · { P 1.00 for the Philippines Yearly subsrription price: $ 1.00 for the U.S. and Foreign Countri~s. All checks and money orders should be made payable to THE LITTLE Apostle, Manila, P. I. Notice regarding change of ad<lress should be sent promptly. All communications must be addressed to: THE LITTLE APOSTLE P. 0 . Box 1393 MANILA, Philippines Kilometreage l,000 Coupons Each Good for I,ooo kilometers of travel within I 2 months from date of p urchase FIRST CLASS - THIRD CLASS - P33.00 Pl8.00 Coupons for passage are detached by Conductors on the train. Coupons for baggage are detached at time baggage is checked at the forwarding station. These books are v.ery convenient especially for merchants and other persons who travel frequently. MANILA RAILROAD CO. l!:::==~~--~~~~~~~~~~-"ll:----S::==~ ====== -'ii H H Cuando se discute la com- ~ pra de un piano el nombre ''OLIVER" ~ ~ H H ~ = es el que acude enseguicla a la ~ memoria y obtiene la prefe- ~ rencir.. H z,PORQUE? Sencillamente porq ue clesde hace mas de 30 aflos ofrecemos las mejores marcas de pianos a los mejores precios y plazos mas lleYaderos. JOSE OLIVER. SUCCESSORS, CO. Carriedo 317, l\1anila = PROVECHEN la ocasion clel cambio para comprar en . condiriones favorables Toda clase de objetos religiosos, imitacion Bronce y Onix. LA CENTRAL JOYERIA •• ARMAS Y MUNICIONES ESCOLTA 29 MANILA, P. I. ~ H H H = H H II H H H H H ~ r I ! "AFTER-A- WHILE" So many people think they will begin to save "after-a-while". In the meantime they go on exercising the spending habit. T his Bank will be glad to help you save by suggesting various plans of saving successful! y. Write us to-day and not "after-a-while". The Bank of the Philippine Islands H ead Office:- Manila. ' I " ~ nranclzes ; C Cebu, Iloilo, Zamboanga. ~ L-~-=<--~ ~-=>",,~-=-"---"'*-~-~-.~--=-~-~-"'"--"==---~--==-"'" r - .. .. .. "' .. ...-................ - H ·-=""-~""='~ I l I ~1· LOST OPPORTUNITIES. . . . . ! You will often hear men .and women say:"! wish I knew how to use a typewriter. ft There are so many times that I could save both time and money, but I haven't time to ~ lear;hne~wi~st their opportunity to learn when it could have been none without any ~, special effort or time. W hen ? \\'hen they were m school they did a great deal of I writing in preparing lessons just as you are doing and if they had done this \\riting on a typewriter they "ould have accomplished two things at one time, i. e. their ~ lessons and the practice in typeing. I THEY WST THEIR OPPORTUNl1Y -Jt ARE YOU Al.50 LOSING YOURS ? l( An Underwood Portable Typewriter will help you now with your lessons and i make you an expert typist for the future. I Sl\HTH, BELL & CO., LT D.· H o n gkong & Sha nghai Ba nk Bldg. I ~ -z -- &. Ei:O'§' aa aoc · -~ _ ~~~ N::i©'liii§l a 221 gll l"!:§ §g c . :;~ ::-:::::::.:::::................ _.:::.=::::..:..~~~~=~:::m=mn-~:r"""' ................ xr.:nn:.x:.:.:.:.::m::r.:: ~:::m::.::r-=::::::::·~x:::.~ ~ g ~ GOOD BOOKS FOR EVERYONE ! E § Good books are wonderful companions. ii !.~.· ~a':::;;nyof ~::;::.~ion '.he':ma~:~,.,~~ng~ ; : : ~ sympathy, instruction, entertainment. : I WE HAVE ALL SUCH BOOKS ; .. ~:: .. ~.: I ~: ~::,~::J~~·,~~~:::~ b,~:;r I :::~ Philippine Education Co., Inc. 1 .. : " 34 E,.:colta ~ian ila, P. I. ~ :1 H ~'.:::xmxn:r:=:xn:;=x·x ... x....~:rr ...rr.:n:z:::~...rmmx.....~n~...rmrmrL..~rm:.:::·tIXXXnn:::::r:::z::x:z:.::a I SASTRERIA MAXD!O l'ICE'iTE l :1.. T ALLERES DE ESCUL TURA, .~. DE PINTURA Y PLA TERIA " 1 . :1.·. . . f lcutcrio ffifoltcz s, :n~"~:=~~~ ::::·"~:.. :~~ .. j . ~ genes, Andas, Altares, Plilpitos y otros .. trabajos de Ebanisteria, y Marcos artfsticos. Ornamentos de Iglesia y Taller ~.:.; Magallanes 106-108 lntramuros de bordados, etc. ~ ~ M anila, I. F. Telefono 3535 Los encargos se cumpien con prontitud y esmero S H (Antes Zobel) Established in 1834 123-125 Calle Real ( lntramurns ) Tel. No. 425 P. 0. Box 929 MANILA A. GARCIA PROCESS ENGRAVER 32 Sta. Potenciana. M anila, P .I. Phone 27i5 H • ~=~: ~::::::::~~==~=~~::::::::::::~:::::..:=~·--....... x::-:_:_u;:;~n.:.;:.:..:..:.mx.::::::~-·· ............ ~m~ rr=- * = = = = = =- :x:x:::X -..,1 H H ~~ IN ALL COUNTRIES ~ K H ltj ~=HH j most homes have Billiard Table,;; to entertain with. In the Philippines, many distingui"hed familie,- cannot ! afford without Billiard Tables H ~H and they chose the best H PUYAT'S ~ I ' HOME POOL TABLES ~~~ Come and get one for your ~ ~ home. '\Ye can make some ~ I arrangements Q ti GONZALO PUY AT & SONS, Inc. ~ I Corn. Solana and Sta. Pontenciana, W . C., Tel. !002. ~ ::: = = = = = * = = = = * = * = = = ""* = = = = = - :::::::-rm H H Open a Savings Account TODAY, and become = ~ a systematic saver! ~ I Our Savings Department will pay you 4 ~ % interest per annum on ~ Peso Savings Accounts, compounded quarterly ~ = H PHILIPPINE TRUST COMPANY ~ I Monte de P iedad Bldg. Phone J256 ~ ~ Foreign and Domestic Commer.cial Banking of Every Nature ~ ~=-=·==== ==========·===== -~ ========~ ~ MARBLE IRON & STEEL ~ ~ WINDOW GLASS - COLORED GLASS = ~ GLASS WARE ~ ~ DISHES GLAZED TILES BOWLS ~ = cot~:~t~n P0~~~a7ne:oc:a~INDOWS ~ I ~~~~.'~~:::,::u•c•;,c~~;~;;~;;"' ~cA:~,;~.X /~3 I ~ H tb=:::=::::::xxxx:x:::=::::: x:c::=:;:; :::::::======:z-:=c====:::::::: ~ I I I VINO de MISA MANUEL GUERRERO Y CIA [on la ~probacion Ec!esiastica En barrilitos especiales para Provincias cl P'34.00 el barril Arzobi-pado de Se,·illa. Recomendamos el uso de este \'ino para el Santo Sacrificio de la ,\J isa (f) Dr. Se,·ero Daza! GEORGE, O'F ARRELL & Cie., Inc. P.O. Box 1801 539 Calle Sales 640 MANILA Tel. 1262 ~==============================================~~ ~~~~~~~~~'=lG'i ~ -~ -~ ~ « ~ ~ Kiddies build up splendidly with ~ ~ f]1' ~ ~ f@<S~~~f~ ~ ~ Milk Food ~ ~·~~~~~~~~~ w=:: u H H H H = = ~ = H H = H H H H = H H = ~ ~ = H It l!:= Los Medicos proclaman que este Hierro vital de la Sangre es muy superior a la earns cruda, a los ferruglnosos, etc. - Da salud y fuerza. - PARIS VINO - _Hemoglobina 3 gr. Vino generoso 88 gr. Extracto glicero-alcob6I!co de cort~zas de naranias 10 gr. - JARABE - Hemoglobina 15 gr. Jarabe con extracto ghcero-alcohc.hco de cortezas de naranjas 91 gr. - Desconiiad de las lmitaciones. Deposito en Manila. GEORGE, O'FARRELL & CIE., Inc. 540 Sales, Sta. Cruz Phone l262 = =======- ===--=::::: :::=:::r1 It II ALHAMBRA H It It H CIGA.R & CIGARETTE MF'G. CO. H H H MANILA, P. I. It It H H H CIGARILLOS TABACOS H H H II H CAGAYAKES CORO:NAS H H H ISABEL.AS EXCELE:KTES H It ~ EXTRE LARGOS ESPECIALES H H H ROYALES BELLEZAS H H It IMPERIALES PRESIDE:NTES H H H H H H x-z::c::=:s::::z:= ==-----=::!.t C rusaders BOUT 900 years ago the Turkish hordes in the near East crushed the Empire of the Arabians, who dwing their domination in Palestine had entertained friendly relations with the Catholics of the Occident. It happened that at that particular time numerous pilgrimages of devou t Christians visited the Holy Places of the Passion and Death of Our Lord. The Turkish fanatic warriors not only desecrated the most Sacred Placss which had drunk the Blood of Our Savior, but they persecuted cruelly the pious pilgrims. "Can you stand such any longer?" cried Peter the Hermit before immense crowds of slaves, free men and princes of Europe? - ";.Jo!" they shouted full of indignation. -"Then, to Jerusalem, to war, against the enemy of God!"' replied Peter and the masses as one man in an outbu:·st ~f christian valor repeated again and again: "God wills it!" Thousands and thousands left their father and mother, brothers and sisters, many even their beloved children, and they went to the Holy Country to chase away the Mohammedan fanatic from the tomb of Christ,. from Calvary, from Bethlehem, Nazareth, Jerusalem, from the Holy Land where a God had lived and died and where that same Savior ought to reign undisturbed. Weren't they g1·and, noble. valiant, those heroic christians of the Midjle ages, those Crusaders? Their departure meant a farewell, perhaps for eyer, to all that they loved most on earth. \Vho shall tell me what bloody tears were shed when the brother said farewell to his sisters, the son to his mother, the husband to his wife, the fat.her to his children ? But "God wills it!": so had they understood and, God willing it, they took up the cross, they became Crusaders to fight and even die for the Cross, or rather for Him who had died for them on the Cross. Who shall relate me all the privations they sustained from hunger and fa t:gue on. their long dangerous 98 journeys and in their bloody battles, on the bleak sand and under the burning sun of Palestine? But : "God wills it" and, when they sank down exhausted on the paths their Savior had been drawn over by the wild moh, they were consoled at the thought that their sacrilices would be rewarded united to those of their eternal Judge. And, when they mixed their blood with the soil that was once moistened by the sweat and blood of the Redeemer, as Jesus they could say with confidence that they recommended their soul safely into the hands of their generous Father. In our dear Philippines, their is a land in the grip of God's enemy: Satan. Still 300,000 people of the Mountain PrO\·ince are sitting in the darkness of hell and sighing in the slavery of religious ignorance. Each one of these 300,000 has a soul in which a God, a Savior who died for them, ought to reign. But God,s enemy, our enemy, dominates these kingdoms for which we pray daily "Thy Kingdom come." Christians, God's children, can you stand that any longer? No? Then to war against God's and our enemy: Satan. God wills it! Become Crusaders of the Little Flower of Jesus for the conversion of the Mountain Province! God wills it. You are not asked to leave your dear beloved ones, your home, your country. You are not asked to lay down your life in the fight. Nay, you are not even asked to exhaust yourselves, but only to say daily "Our Father" and " Hail Mary" for the conversion of the 300, 000 Pagans of the Mountaii1 Province, to send once and for e,·er your name to " the Little Apostle" with the pn·scribed offering of r0.50 and to make once a ye::ir during a week of Advent a few sacrifices to economize a few centavos with which to support the Missions. \Vha t does your heart say? God wills it ! If so, DO IT I\"OW, and you partake of all the benefits of the Association of "the Crusaders of the Little Flower" which are: 1. From Kovember 2, Holy Souls day, a set of THIRTY MASSES will be celebrated for the deceased Crusaders and for the beloved departed of every Crusader. 2. From 1'\o\·en.ber 1 to l\ovember 30, special prayers will be o:aid for the spiritual intention of the living Crusaders, by tte Missionaries and Christians, and especially by the Catholic Children of the Mountain Province. 3. All the Missionaries of the Mountain Province will remember daily at Mass the enlisted Crusaders of the Little Flower. 4. At the notice of the death of a Crusader (which will be published in the "Little Apostle") a Requiem Mass will be celebrated for the repose of hi" or her soul and all Crusaders will be invited to pr:iy for the deceased member of the Association. 99 Stpfember 2. Sf. Stephen, riing St. Stephen "·as the son of two converted to the Faith: Gey s a, fourth Duke of Hungary and his wife. His father saw St. Stephen the martyr in a vision and was told that he should have a son who would perfect the work of the conversion of Hungary he had hegun. Indeed, in 977 young Stephen was born. Carefully educated, he succeeded his father at an early age. From the very beginning of his rrign he became a true Apostle. He began to root out idolatry, suppressed a rebellion of his pagan subjects. To educate and civilize his people, he founded many monasteries and churches all over the land. He sent to the Pope Sylvester, begging him to appoint bishops over the eleven sees he had endowed and to bestow on him for the greater success of his work the ti tie of king. The Pope granted his request and sent him a cross to be borne before him, saying that he regarded Stephen as the true apostle of his people. Th r o u g h o u t his life he had -Who is so considerate as God? .He neYer lets us lose sight of R i m. R e never disregard~ our requests. Re cheers us under failure, He is in His own world almost the solitary example of the beauty of fidelity. He forgives offences as soon as we commit them, and appears to forget as soon as He has forgiven.-Father Faber. Christ on his lips, Christ in his heart and Christ in all he did. His only wars were wars of defence and he was always successful. However, God sent him many sore trials. One by one his children died but he bore all with perfect submission to the will of God who knows best what is good for His children. On his favorite feast of the Assumption in 1038 he died in peace. St. Stephen has now enjoyed the glory of heaven for about 900 years. No doubt many of those he converted are now with him. How they must praise and thank him and consequently increase his happiness. The time will come that we too shall have passed away from this earth for some 900 years. Where shall we have been during these 900 years ? How many in heaven shall confess that they owe us their heavenly glory ? And yet, it is in our hands to help to- convert others. What shall we think of our neglect of the conversion of others, once we shall be in eternity? -There is a religious community composed entirely of deaf-mutes, that of Our Lady of the Seven Sorrows, founded in 1851 by Abbe de Larnay at Poitiers, France. Since that time fifty deaf-mutes have entered the community. Half of this number have already passed to their reward. Twenty-four religious and one noYice remain. from V. R. f. Van Zuyt, former Provincial Superior (Continuation) Wed., Feb. 4, 1925. ET US pay a visit to the Kiangan mission. It was founded in the Sp an is h time by the well known Father Juan Villaverde of the Dominican Order. The older people are never done speaking of him. He worked hard and much. He made the road between the Ifugao and other provinces. The trail he made bears till today his name. The mission was abandoned d uring the revolution and it was only in 1910 that Father Moerman as the first Missionary opened it again. For years he remained alone; he has now two assistants FF.Desnick and Lambrecht. Kiangan is known for its quarries of a blueish granite stone which the inhabitants know how to cut into shape. Father Moerman used it in the construction of his church and convent, which look both pretty nice and are admired by all who pass, including the good Bishop of Tuguegarao who had never dreamed of finding such a gem of a church in the mountains when he came here the first time to confirm. Looking from the convent towards the south, we find on our right a school and dormitory for boys and on our left a school and dormitory for girls: thus all children are welcome here at the mission. · But let us question the Fathers of Kiangan about their works. Let us omit Banaue: we saw that mission yesterday. The Fathers will indicate first the mission of Legawig in the east of Kiangan , at a distance of 5 Kilometers, ·on a big flat at the foot of a mountain and bathed by a river to be crossed when one comes from here; being deep and swift, it can be crossed on horseback during a short dry season, but when it is swollen, one may use a galon-galon at the loss of much time. 101 Coni:ent and Church of the Kiungan Mission Fi ,·e Kilometers farther to the north lies the mission of Burnay. Opened only since two year:::, it counts already 400 Christi ans. La'-'t year I visited Burnay 011 an ordinary clay and when the Father was not expected. Ahout 150 attended the lesson in Christi an Doctrine. the next morning the chapel was crcwded and 50 people received Holy Communion: here reigns a great deYotion to the Blessed Sac-ament. One day fanher is the mi'ision of Mayaoyao. Just imagine how hard it must be for the missionaries to visit this mission regularly, but they do it and "'. hern~ver they go there, more than 50 children attend regularly the lessons. This mi~sion was founded by the pupils of the Assumption College of Mani I a. They may be proud of their work: great will be their reward. To the west of Kiangan i,: the mi~sion of Bolog or the mission of the Blessed Virgin oi Lourdes, for she has her grotto at this place and a good many new servants whose devot'on to the Mother of the Savior keeps them fervent and pious. You, dear Readers, who have attended Mass at Baguio, you were perhaps astonished to see so many Christian Tgorrotes receiving Holy Communion on Sundays and Holydays. ~ome of those Communicants are from Bolog and Kiat'gan, \.vhich shows that away from home they do not neglect their christian duties. ThuEday, Feb. 5. Let us take a walk in tte town. \\'hat strikes us first is the p~1blic school building made of granite cut by the pupils. Thi,.; school is certainly one of the nicest of the Philippines. Higher up stands the government building, also made o: granite stone. Unhappily Kiangan town built on the slope of a big mountain, is quite unsteady and little by little sinks down towards the deep valley below. Part of the mission ground is on the unsteady slope; the school 102 for girls which stood on tha t spot had to be remoYed and was built nearer the convent and church which happily resist the land-slide. This afternoon, eve of the first Friday of the month, the Fathers were all kept very busy in the confessional. They had thought, ~ee ing that the people are working their ricefields, of having few confessions to hear. But as soon as the classes were out, the children came to the church : later came other people after their work ·was finished in the fields and the conf~ssions lasted until very late at night. Friday, Feb. 6. I just arrived from the church. The children sang the solemn Mass. About 200 people received Ho'y Commun:on I was about to congratulate the Fathers.when Father Moerman told me: "Father Provincial, you must excuse our Christians for not having come up as numerous as ordinarily: the work in the fields apd the rains have prevPn ted a good many from coming to the church this morning. Otherwise ther e wo•1ld have come a great many 111o:e." When I see and hear all this, I understand why the Fathers enjoy them,·elves so much among the new Christians. Here reign~ piety and fervor. Here reigns Christ th e Lord of the world. Here fall God's blessings from heaven in abundance, for here reigns love for the Love of Love, the Sacred Heart of Je;:us and, where love for God reigns, there too are happiness and joy. Sacred Heart of Jesus contmue to bless the If~gao mountaineer. But I must finish, the horses are saddled, we must go to Bagabag, N ueva Viscaya, where I will take up again my pen. Gcodbye, pray for us Missionaries and for our lgorrotes. Faithfully yours in X . A. Van Zuyt. Lake that Sharpens Razors One of the most curious lakes in the world is to be found in Ireland. This lake has the power of petrifying any sulistance that ma)' fall into it. Of courSe, the petrifaction is not absolute, but the substance is coated with a layer of stone, which is found dissolved in the Jake, and the stone then hardens and forms a shell over the substance. A well-known cutlery firm in England heard of this, and sent a man over. to inspect it. He selected several pieces of hard wood, which he sank with weights, and then marked the place with small buoys. A fortnight later he returned and took up two pieces of the wood, which he found to be partly petrified. Two weeks after be drew up the other pieces and found each to be as hard as flint. The firm then made several experiments with the wood and found that at a certain stage of petrification an excellent razor hone could be manufactured from it. 103 Mission News and Notes Bokod. From Father Claerhoudt: La:::t Sunday I celebrated the first mass in the new chapel of Lutap, and during the days I staid at Lutap I had the Blesserl Sacrament in the little Church. Christus regnaf ! How happy I was to work under the eyes of the ~fastn. I baptized ten persons. Sever a 1 families are i nstrncted . I hope to be able to offer Our Lord a rich harvest next December on the feast of St. Francis Xavier. A sma11 harmonium. would be welcome at Lu tap. Lubuagan. Brother Edward writes: I accompanied Father Billiet to Balbalan and Balinsiagew and the next day to Abbe and other places. E\·eryw here we received the nwst hearty welcome. The Father had a com·ersation with the people every night until at least 11 :00 o'clock . ~Ien, women and childr:on, all wished to learn their prayers and doctrine. Of course, as there \Vas no chapel at these places and in order to give these good people a chance of attending mass, the Father celebrated on an altar placed at the entrance of a small house. All who could, assisted and said the rosary together. How they listened to the sermon! It happened that the real com·iction of some of the catechumens became so strong that they gare 'ent to it in a loud voice to 11,pprove the Father .... Many asked for baptism immediately. Two old men \Yent after mass to fetch there and then all theirs u pe rst i tiou s rnanequins and other paraphernalia. God's blessing is upon the new Lubuagan mission. Santiago. Father Bamps writes: In the mountains and forests between Kueva Viscaya, the Pacific, and Isabela lives one of the wildest tribes on earth: the Ilongotes. 20 Kilometers south of Santiago is one of their settlements called Diffun. Already in 1073 stood a stone church on this very place, but the Dominican Fathers who built it, abandoned this mission a few years hter on account of the continous danger of being murdered by the llongotes. How bloodthirsty these savages have rem~ined is pro,;en by a triple murder they committed on the 30th of June on three of my be~t parishioners: Capitan Francif'co Abauag, Bartol a Dumelod and her six years old son Antonio. These three persons were traitorously attacked by some Ilongotes in a hut not far_ from Diffun, where they harl taken up their abode to exehange salt, rice etc. against wax, honey and other produets of the llongote country. 'Vhen found, Capitan Abauag had three lances and t\\·o arrows in the back. His head was eut off and had disappeared. His fingers were split. His hand104 palms were pierced in the form of a cross. The woman and the child were beheaded and covered with wounds. The Ilongotes kill their victims with an arrow thrown into the back after which they ordinarily slash the corpses in the most abominable way. Has this been an act of Yengeance? For the father of Abauag was a kind of goYernor of the Ilongotes during the Spanish time. Is some superstition behind all this? Or ' was the head needed to buy a girl in marriage'? Kobody knows the murderers. ~Iost probably, seen by the shape of the arms and lance!' left on the spot, they are from the south. Lseless to say that the whoie town attended the burial. After the rainy season I hope to visit the Ilongotes of Diffun. Sixty of them are baptized. I will remain a few clays with them to instruct them further and baptize th e i r children. ? An Irish Mother's Rosarv She had one sweet little custom that I neYer can forget: And a gentle benediction crowns her memory for it yet: I can see t hat little mother still, and hear her as she pleads "Now it's getting on to bed-time: all you children, get your beads." E'en the traveller who stayed the night upon his journey knew H e must join the little circle, aye, and take his decade too. A nd I belieY e she d::trkly plotted, when a sinner hoYe in sight, Who was known to say no prayer at all, to make hi.m stay the night. Then we'd softy gather round her, and we'd speak in accents low, As we prayed as sainted Dominic prayed so many years ago. And the little I rish mother's face was radiam, for she knew That where "two or three are gathered'', He is gathered with them too. O'er the Paters and the Aves how her reYerent head would bend, How she'd kiss the cross devoutly when she'd counted to the end. A nd she lit our d rab existence with her simple faith and love, And I knew the angels lingered near, to bear her prayers above: For her ch ildren trod the paths she trod, nor did they later spurn To impress her wholesome precepts on their children in their turn. Ah, those little Irish mothers, passing from us one by one! W ho will write the noble story of the good that they have done? All their children may be scattered, and their fortunes windwards hurled, But the "trimmin's" on the Rosary shall bless them round the world. 105 The Psvchologv of the Filipino By Hon. Norberto Romualdez .{ WJ ;ictie Jtistice of the Siipreme Co ii rt of the Philippine Islands (Continuation) Other authors, like the Jesuits Chiri.no and Delgado, and Wals y ~Ierino, ~Iallat, ha\'e also dealt with Fi Jipi!lo music in their 'rnrks. Among the natiYes, mention may he made of Hon. Isa belo de los ReyeR, and ~Ir. Epifanio de los Santos. The latter p ~iblished in "El Debate", of. ~Ianila, in its issue of XoYember :28, Hl:20, an interesting article on musical folklore of the Philippine..', wherein he describes some natirn instruments used in some B'ilipino regions among the Ilongots, Tingyans, and Negritos, such as the in;itruments called katalag, dyodioas and kutibeg. In ~Ii ndanaw, the agog is used . up to the present time, and in Palawan, the kudyapi, referred to by ~fr. Delgado and other historians, is still in use among the Tagbanwas. Here are a.gongs from 111indanaw, and a kudyapi from Palawan. These instruments, as many others, are kept in the Museums of this Yery College, the Ateneo de Manila. The kudyapi, was brought here by myself in 1914. It was presented to me by some Tagbanwas \Yhen I was at Puerto Princesa in said year 1914. There is another Bisayan instrument called lantoy, which resembles a flute. In this ,;onnection, mention must be made of an instrument which, although not Filipino in its original plan, was made, however, in the Philippines, of Filipino bamboo. I refer to the bamboo organ which may be seen and heard (I saw and heard it) in the Catholic Church of Las Pinias, province of Rizal. This bamboo organ was constructed in that locality in the year 1818, i. e. 106 years ago, under the direction 106 of the Parish Priest of that town, Fr. Diego Ciera, Recoletano, the Church of Las Pinias having been built in 1762. "\Ve may also mention those bamboo musical bands, known in Tagalog as "musikog buh6", composed of instruments rnadP. of bamboo. Filipino music has bee!L undergoing modifications, due to foreign influences, especially from European music. We all know that the great distinction between the ancient and the modern music lies in the peculiarity of the scale. You will remember that it was only in the beginning of the 11th century, when Guido Aretius invented in Europe the musical scale of six notes, taking the names of the notes from the first syllable of each of the six Yerses of thehymntoSt.John: "Ut queant laxis-Resonare fibris-Jlfira gestorum-Famuli tuorum_.:._Solve polluti-Labii reatum.'' You will also remember that, afterwards, ~vhen the scale was made of seven notes, as it is now, the narne of the seventh note added to the scale, was taken from the first letter of the said hymn to St. John, to wit: "Sancte Joannes." Some primitirn Filipino music, like the saloma, is composed of six notes. The regular Chinese scale has only fi '"e notes, and the modern European scale sevan notes. I do not think however, that the Chinese influence has been greatly felt in the Filipino music. The fact that some primitive Filipino airs, have only six or four notes, does not prove any relation with the Chinese scale. The six or four notes of the primitirn Filipinv scale, are not the same as the five notes of the Chinese music. Them usical thought and modulations in the Filipino music is languid, but spontaneous and natural, while in the Chinese music, the modulations are not, in my judgmeut, spontaneous nor natural, but arbitrarily distorted. In order that you may make the comparison your:3elves, a Chinese piece will be playeJ, and then some pri mi ti ve Filipino airs. Here is a Chinese music in a scale of fi rn notes which will be played by the Ateneo Orchestra: Here is a Filipino piece common among the Tagbanwas in Palawan, and called Dalupan which means alternate, from dapun or tap6n to pass from one place to another. I 107 personally heard this song from the Tagbamrns themselves at P11erto Princesa, and took it _ down then and there. Here it is in a scale of four notes: n~21®jl p Ir· p J. w 1r· P J Ip~ v Pr J I I J J. ~ I r p J k I r· ~ J. II"' Note. This piece is published with permission of Sil Yer Burdett and Co., of New York, and Hon.Romualdez whopublished it in the book entitled "The Progressive Music Series, Philippine Edition," Boo!{ one, page YII, where it is presented in the Key A flat. Here is the Filipino saloma in a scale of six notes: "Note. This piece is published with permission of Silver Burdett and Co., of N"ew York. and the Hon. Romualdez, who published it in the book entitled "The ProgressiYe "'.\Iusic series, Philippine Edition," Book Two, page XX, where it is presented in the key of G natural. lJ ntil the end of the past century, it was not rare to hear a young man sing a serenade while pounding rice or pinipig; or to hear a farmer, mounted on his karabaw sing a balitaw or kundiman during his early morning ride to the farm; or some mananguete (tuba gatherer) sing some Yerse composed extemporaneously from the top of a coco-tree while gathering tuba; and even to this day, we hear the familiar lullaby called hela in Tagalog, and duy6g in Bisayan,sung to lull a baby to sleep; or some traveler hum the saloma at the beat of his oars, or when pushing forth a raft across. the river or some mariners or sailors raise a boat in coastwise ships in rhythm with the rustle of the ropes. But the Filipinos are such lovers 108 of music, and so well developeJ is this taste among us, that it becomes difficult to give a detailed account of the variety of our melodies. I shall simply give you some typical pieces, as the kumintag, which is a pre-Spanish Tagalog musical piece. The kur .. intag which will presently be played to you is from '" I ~- I ' ~Iallat, a French author. These musical pieces will be played in their original form without much attempt at an application of the occidental rules of harmo_ ny and composition. The orchestration is simplified, as far as possible, to giye an idea of the air of the music. Here is the kumintag of Mallat: 51 nor a un Cay":" I ·~ I i '~"'I:,,. F 109 'NOTE. This piece is published with permission of Silver Burdett & Co. of ~ ~ w Y·Jrl{, anj of th3 Hon. Norberto R J mualdez, who published it in the book entitled '"The Progressive ~r usic Series, Philippine Edition", Book Four, Page XVI. U ndoubteclly, the kumintag was one of the most popular Filipino songs. T he musicaJ characteristic of t he kumintag prernils in many native songs and dances. r""'r--. I " - - I - l I The Samboa ngan biyae must be undoubtedly inspired by the kumintag, although its air is rather Spani:5h. The orchestra will now play it to you: NOTE. This piece is published with permiEsion of Silver Burdet t & Co. and of Hon. ~o rberto Romualdez, who published it in the book ent itled " The Progressive ~[usic Series, P hilippine Edition" Book Four, P age IX. - ' ·Was Jack cool during the big ambush the other night?" " Rather! Why, he was so cool his teeth were chattering all the while. " $ - " I say, dad," said Arthur gravely, "if I planted this pip would an orange tree come up ?' ' "In time, my son," was the reply. "That's funny," said Arthur, " 'cos,-'cos its a lemon pip!" (To be continii.ecl) -The Pullman porter stood before the traveler in an expectant attitude. " Well, George, " said the traveler chaffingly, "can I give you anything?' ' "Whatever your generosity permits, sir," answered the porter. " Well, boys;" replied the traveler, turning to his companions and winking, "what do you say to giving the porter three cheers?" 110 The Negritos of North-Eastern Luzon By Father Morice Vanoverbergh J1issionary in the ]![ ountain Prm·ince.- P.I. (Continuation) .F'ormerly, they say, in Spanish times, a fine road ran from .F'uttul north toward the sea, but now no trace iR to be founll of it. Late in the evening, there was a prolonged session, at which were present all the men of the settlement, and over ''hich the president of Tawit presided nominally, but really the teniente of l\Ialunog; that affair kept us awake till about 10 p.m., when we finally got our dinner .. ~fr. Padua then ·prepared his photographic plates, and we left the parliamentarians to themf:eh·es. APR1L '2-±th (Thursday): After breakfast, we waited with the utmost impatience for Allapa, who failed to appear as early as he had promised; but just when I started to go and see him at his hut, he arrived, apologizing for his tardiness. Then, before we left, he told us there 'rnre three brooks to be passed and that he would not be able to carry me over; to reasure him, I answered that if he could pass them, I could try to do the same, and that he should not mind it if my feet got wet. So we left ~falunog at about half past seven a. m., and when we, that is l\Ir. Padua, myself and Allapa, who had the camera strapped around his sh0ulders, had gone some ten yards, on turning my head, [ Sa\T a man following us; at once I asked for explanations, and learned from l\Ir. Padua that he had invited the old man, an Ilokano and a relati>e of the teniente, to accompany us, as he was afraid to trust his precious anatomy to the Negrito. I told him that we should be more annoyed by that one man than by all the Kegritos of ~orthern Luzon, and really we had not l)een gone for half an hour, "·hen he began to complain about the roughness of the trail, to lag behind, to stop now and then, in a word.'to girn t1s lots of trouble. At that time I .knew already that there 1Yas no djrect i'Oute from Tumok to Futtul,--::'tnd that 'rn should lie forced to come back by l\Ialunog. The tropical forest consisted of several species of giant trees coYered with orchids, lichens and mosses, and an undergrowth of shrubs, bushes, briars, ferns, and all kind of herbs, forming an inextricable mass of vegetation. Earth and sky were obliterated in these primeval woods, where nothing was to be seen but bark and leavE>s and flowers. This lasted until we reached the Neg-ritos, who here and there made a small inroad into that mighty creation still untouched by the hand of man. Our path !eel m·er a rolling country, low hills sucTeeding one another at irregular inten·als, and ;;:e,·eral brooks cutting their way th rough the hills and forming compa1:ati Yely narrow valleys. 111 happened that ~Ir. Paclua and the Ilokano got Jost and had b shout to find UR, al though we \Ye re all Yery near, certainly not OYer ten yards away from theni; the fact rn a y ::;en·e as a practical illustration of the kind of forest \Ye had to tra,·erse. I did not get lost, because I followed "An auanr'lonecl J.'egritfJ Hut" A ft er an hour or so, we encou ntf'red an abnn<lon<>d Xeg-rito hut; this was too prel'ions to be pa;:sed \Yithont nntire, and although light was ,·er.'· dirn nn<ler these wooden nrrhe:-, \Ye did onr best to photograph the ruin habitation of these real rhildren of the ,·irgin forest. When passing the first broo'H, Allapa caught with much dexterity a kind of crayfish, which he handed over to the old Ilokano, who alc:o carried our prm·isions; graciously furnished us by the teniente before we left \Ialunog. Xow and then it Allapa \·ery closely, while the othen• \\·ere not so prudent. Finally, ;ifter hm·ing marched from half pa;:t se,·en till half paf't eleYen a.m., through a netlrnrk of bushes and briarR, m·er sharp stoneF and projecting rootR, along enclleRs brooks and trearherous mar::;hes (the trail we follmYecl did not desen·e the name, as it could o:urely ne,·er be seen by any other than a Xegrito eye), \\ e rame into a little clearing where seYeral .Xegrito huts oceupied the open space, the neYer ab,,ent bro•1k running alongside. HO\Y 112 beautiful the sky seemed to us, after we had been deprived of its sight for so many hours! This place was called Agingay, and nobody but Negritos ever came here, as we learned by and by. Allapa shouted our arrival before emerging from the woods, and so nobody ran a way, but dogs barked in unison and all eyes were turned towards us, those of the children especially expressing the most intense fear. But very soon after we had been sitting down for a while · on the floor of one of the .houses, they all came, and stood or squat-. ted around our place, the children not excepted, and they neYer left us for an instant, except when we took our lunch. Not intending to lose this opportunity of getting some souvenirs from an unexplored country, we took pictures of the different families that composed the agglomeration, no changes being made rn the dress or undress of any of their members, and then also of one of the houses which were unusually well made, at least in comparison with most of the other huts we should see later. After having secured a good deal of very valuable information and bought some bows and arrows, we left our good people about 2 p. m., walked over the same highway with which we became acquainted this morning, and arrived at i\Ialunog literally tired out. We told the teniente that we should take pictures there the following morning and then start for Futtul, and he promised to accompany us. H e also begged our pardon for not haYinggone with us to Agingay, as the Yisit of the president obliged him to stay with that worthy; 1Ye readily excused him, for he would have been only a hindrance to our movements, had he been able to go with us. APRIL 25 (Friday): After breakfast we went to Allapa's house, where we saw him make fire in the Negri to way. \Ve took several pictures, one of himself and his family, one of his neighbors and one of their houses. Then we left l\Ialunog guided by a Kegrito who carried the camera, and accompanied by the teniente and several other Kegritos, who intended to go fishing. We passed the )falunog riYer over a bridge that consisted of a tree tl1ro1Yn 01·er the eha:;rn, and at the other side our Xegrito gnide shot a young wild pig, before we e1·er noti<:ed its presence. Farther on the road we sa1Y some snakeR, and, near Futtul, I passed a brook on the back of the teniente. At Futtul, we passed seyeral Kegrito huts had a chat with one of the inmates, and got an okoiig-egg as a present from one of them. At that moment, our astonishment w a R sup1:eme when we saw Allapa emerging from the thicket and, all out of breath, running toward us: it seemed that i\Ir. Llameg had given some salted fish to l\Ir. Padua, and that they had forgotten all about it when taking the picturt:s at the fellows hut; he now came to restore to us that precious condiment, which would fill our house 1Yith a characteristic smell for the rest of the month. We thanked him most profusely ancl, after some more walki 11g, came to the house of the consejal or councilman, ~Ir. ~Ianuel Llano, an Ilokano, where ''"e had a yery welcome lunch. After a little rest ,~rn went to ihe abandoned church, which we had some difficulty in locating, for a whole thicket had sprung up inside 113 more (lecent surrounding;;. The teniente of Futtul had promised to bring us to Nagan in his frail boat, but the day being far spent, he asked us to wait till the following morning; we readily agreed as we preferred rest to anything else just then. At this juncture, l\Ir. Llameg went a1Yay, and we thanked him most sincerely for his kindness in our belialf. Then Mr. Llano gave us some Abum7or.e<l Chm·ch of Futtul a;; well as outside. We tried to clear it sufficiently lo be able to make some pictures, and got thoroughly wet in the effort: a steady drizzling rain made matters ba<l, and the absence of any roof whatever made things still worse. All the time our feet \Yere covered \Tith leeches, an experience we had whenever we had to walk on wet soil, from Talifugu until '"e returned to precious hints about Negrito life, as he was an old timer and had been living there for over ten years. At night we were very much annoyed by mosquitoes, and heavy showers, a strong wind driving the rain into the house. APRIL 26th (Saturday): We were anxious to go home, so we paid · the consejal and left Futtul early in the morning, on a river palace, of 114 the same variety as the one we embarked on when going from Si wan to ::\Ialunog. After ha Ying follo1Yed the bendings of the rirnr for some time, we came to ·a place where we had to lea Ye the boat and go on foot; a carabao or water buffalo was ready to drag the Yessel o\·er the gra,·el. At that particular spot \Ye took a picture of one of the sernral typical Xegrito huts \re had found, and after haYing 1valked for an hour or so, wondering where 1Ye 1rere and whither we were going, 1Ye reached the Abulug, "·here \\'e \rere met again by the teniente and his boat. \\' e left her and walked at the most dangerous places, although it seemed that it 1rns safer to go up than to go dom1 the stream. At our arrirnl at Si,rnn, 1ye thankecl the teniente, 1yho \Yent higher up trmard Ta1Yit. Once at home, ll'e sa1y with the utmost satisfaetion that all our belongings were untouched; Yery soon one of our 11eigh bor8 canie to see us, ancl he said that }fasigun had been there, jm:t after our departure, to look for us, and that he had even followed us for some distance in the hope of meeting us at Futtul. \\'ell, we certainly could not blame thl~ fello\\' for not finding us when we were wandering in the forests of }Ialunog rirnr and the Tumok ri,·er; this, tl•gether with the fincling of all our valuables \Yithout tbe least thing having been stolen, \Yas a practical proof of the honesty and faithfulness of our Kegritos. ·we ate some concoction prepared· by our neighbon::, after which we borrowed a lantern for the night, and :\Ir. Padua prepared all nece:o:sary implements for the denlopi ng of the seyeral pictures we had made on the preceding clays. At nightfall we were able to do the \York, and sa1Y that all the plates were in gootl condition. APRIL 27th (~unday) : I \\'as able to offer the H. Sacrifice in the morning, but \rith nrnch rlifficn lty. It \\'as sad to see that nobody assisted at mass here, all being pagans, 1Yhere formerly tlrn large stone churched were daily filled with worshippers. But G1Kl is All-pO\Yerful, and let us hope that the day will soon appear, \Yhen fen·entcomrnunities will replace our pngan faneg and ~ egritos, and offer to the Lord their innoc-ent hearts unsul- · lied by :my refinement of fabe ciYilisation. The :::]Onotony of the day \\'as broken only hy the Yisi t of the old Asi, who liYed at the other side of the ri Yer, and came to bPg for a little salt; for tlw re~l, the day passed n 1ie,·entfu lly . . .\.PRIL :28th Oionday) : In the niorning I asked an Isneg to bring me on a 'litlle bamboo raft to the other side of the ri ,·er, where our nearest X egri to neighbors l i ,. e cl. The raft consisted of se\·en halfrotten bamboos a111l there waf' no question o.f getting owr \\'ithout 1vetti ng my feet. .At the other side, yery near at the bank of the riYer, we came t0 the house of Bugayorig, had a little talk \\'ith the man, \\'ho \YaS a well built )/egrito indeed and, asked ;\Iasigur.'s son, Herudis, to go with us and show the \Yay to the house of Asi. The Isneg accompanied me, and, after a long and terlious walk through the forest, always attended b.Y a whole company of leeches, who ornamented our feet, we arri \•ed at the house of Asi. It is not so difficult of getting rid of the"e obn.)xious little blood suckers when one goe:; barefoot, but otherwise there is no other remedy than to haYepatien~e and to take off one's shoes and stockings now and then, though, in such a way much blood is spilt, as it continues trickling hr a Jong time after the cause of the wound has been removed: those 115 leeches h::ixe certainly a fine pumpin~ system. Asi's wife was alone and guarding the house, but after a while he came home, and after some rest, we all went to Siwan, I and the Isneg by raft; Asi waded. We had a prolonged talk \dth the old man and a good laugh at l\Ir. Padua's expense, who, knowing nothing but Ilokano, did the impossible to make himself understood by Asi, who knew only Ibanag of the i\egrito Yariety. Asi told us that many Negritos would come to his house this evening to pray, and he promised to call me in c:oHe they arrived. ('l'o be continued.) ·-~~-· Trv Again 'Tis a lesson you should heed - Try again: If at first you don't succeed, - Try again: Let your courage then appear, For if you will perseYere, You will conquer, neyer fear, - TRY AGAIN. Once or twice though you should fail, - Try again: If you would at last prevaii, - Try again; If we strive 'tis no disgrace Though we do not win the race, What should we do in that case? - TRY AGAIN. If you find your task is hard, - Try again: Time will bring you your reward, - Try again: All that other folks can do, Why with patience may not you ? Only keep this rule in view -TRY AGAIN! 116 Bon toe Legends The Rainbow A long time ago, there lived a famous hunter at Tokokan.( 1) Far and wide he had not his equal in trailing wild pigs and deer. The pitfalls he dug and cleverly covered up with small branches and sods, deceived even the most suspicious old boar. And when he and his dogs were tracking a deer, he never gave up until with an unfailing throw he had speared the tired out animal. Tied with rattan to the rafters of his lowly roof there was a big collection of hunting trophies; antlers and skulls and bones, some freshly gnawed off. some as smoky and black as his sooty hut. One day the hunter went to see a pit he had dug on the wild hogs' trail that led to his camotefield. Great was his surprise to see sods trodden in and the pit empty. On closer examination he found that in<leed some animal had been impaled, for the sharp pointed stick at the bottom of the pit was red with blood. He kept silent and let some time pass. Then he made a new pitfall. The r.ext night he stood on watch, hidden in the dense shrubbery. Before long he heard a drove of pigs tripping by. Sniffing suspiciously they headed. straight for his field. Then, a sudden crashing of branches and .... plump! one pig was trapped. While its frightened companions broke away thro' the thicket, the impaled beast set up a terrible shrieking. But our hunter waited. He knew his quarry could not escape. He waited and waited. At last, when the moon had come peeping out over the mountaintops, he saw somebody sneaking near and making ready to pull out the trapped pig. With a few leaps the hunter reached the pit. Catching hold of the thief, he brandished his murderish battleax, decided to make short work of him. "Do not kill me'' cried the frightened thief. Then the hunter saw that the thief was a woman, he did not kill her but took her home and married her. For years they liYed happily together. They had severalchildren. During all that time there was one thing which often surprised the hunter. Now and then some of the bones, he kept tied to his roof, disappeared, tho' he knew no dog could reach so high. But he kept silent, not knowing what to think of it. One day he was coming home unexpectedly from a trip. At the entrance to the village he saw his wife burning some bones. ·'Oh my! he said, are you the one who is always taking away the bones?" ''I am, she replied for I am not a woman. I am the rainbow. If you do not like me to take the bones, all right. I am tired of you anyhow. But, for the sake of our children, listen to my advice. When they will marry, take some bones and burn them at the entrance of the town. Otherwise I will appear in the sky and bring them ill-luck." Thereupon she was changed into a rainbow. The man took good care to follow the rainbow's advice. \ii/hen his children were to be married, he first burnt some bones outside the town, that no bad luck might befall the newly married co11ple. However, the descendants of the rainbow were not like other people. When one of them came near the little spring above the village1 the water would soon dry up. ·when one passed thro' a ricepaddy, the crop would be much less than on other paddies. They became very iH-famed among the villagers. The ·old men never would favor a marriage with a "til::i.g" ( 2); neither would they allow any ''tilag'' to build his house up-hill above the other houses. So in course of time the ''tilag'' formed a clan apart in the village. 117 All this happened very, very long ago. Since many years the ' 'tilag'' have mingled \vith the other villagers. But still some bones are burnt at the entrance of the village, whenever a marriage is going to be celebrated. For, if not, the rainbow might appear, and bring some illluck to the couple. And may be, some very wise amama ( 3) or inina (4) vvhen consulted on the advisability of a proyected marriage, might still ask amongst many other importam things, whether any of the parties has tilag blood. And of course· at the time of the sowing of the rice seedlings, bones have to be burnt outside the town to keep the rainbow away while the inina, who a;_one goes to sow the seeds in the "pachekhan" (5) is at her work. If the rainbow would appear in the sky while the seeds "'ere being sowed, the "pacheg" (6) would be no good. Nobody would wish to plant them in his field. They would produce but empty ears. For the rainbow is a bad omen. (1) a village near Bontok. (2) rainbow in Tokokan dialect. (3) old man. (.;) old woman. (5) paddy where the seedlings are sowed. (6) seedlings to be transplanted . Anv Disproportion? How much time do you give to the reading of the secular papers, and how much to your Catholic paper? A very logical course is yours, no doubt, and a fine example of the carrying out of one of the first elementary principles of the Catechism: ' ·We should take more care of the soul than of the body." Honestly, do you ever think seriously of this? 118 Catholic Missions. According to the Revue Apologetique, The Catholic Missions count 382 dioceses, vicariates. apostolic prefectures and mis:::ions, 32.000 missionaries (priests laybrothers and nuns). According to the same review of the 1, 700,000, 000 inhabitants of the world, 304 millions are Catholics, 212 millions are Protestants. 157 millions are Schismatics, 15 millions are Jews. Together 688 million people recognize the true God. 227 millions are Mohammedans, 510 millio11sare Bou<lhists, Taoists, Confucianists and Shintaoists, 205 millions are Brahmanists and 70 millions are Animists. Thus 1,012 million people ignore the true God. France. At the beginning of the month of May, the body of Bernadette Soubirous, the privileged child who had so many visions of the Blessed Virgin at Lourdes, was exhumed at the Mother House of the Sistc rs of Charity of Nevers. Under the presidency of the Bishop of Lourdes and in the presence of the members of the Ecclesiastical tribunal instituted to examine the life and virtues of Bernadette, the casket was opened and the body was found intact, but the flesh had turned very dark, almost black. The examination was made by physicians who drew up a statement testifying to what they had seen. After these formalities the body was brought to a private oratory of the convent and at six o'clock in the eYening seals were placed on the door of the oratory and will remain until such time as the body may be exposed to the veneration of the faithful. <iermanv. Luther gave the Bible its publicity, :::ay Protestants, by translating it into the native tongue for the first time. Before the first Protestant Bible version was printed, there were 30 printed lditions of the Bible in German, 19 in Flemish, 26 in French, and, in all, 104 complete printed editions, besides the 94 partial editions of the Bible in modern languages. And all these editions before Luther's of 1534. These were printed in various vernaculars and do not include the many editions of the Bible in ancient languages, such as Latin and Greek. In the face of 343 editions of the Bible in ancient languages and 198 editions in modern languages. thirty of which wer~ in German, together with the many illuminated manuscripts of the Scriptures own by monasteries, one of which was Luther's home, is it not absurd to claim that Protestants have opened the Bible to the public~ Is it not absurd too that Protestants should distribute pamphlets among the Filipino Catholics with an engravure showing a big Bible with a key that opens it, as ii Protestants had beert the first to publish the Holy Scriptures? There is a Commandment of God that says: "thou shalt not lie" and a sect that lies officially doo;ns itself. Portugal. At Fatima. twenty miles from Lisbon and far away from any railroad, ex'sts a big plain: it is the "Lourdes·· of Portugal. It is said 1 hat Our Lady appeared there to. some children, after which a source began to flow, some wonderful cures were registered and, notwithstanding the prohibitive measures of the anticler:cal Government the number of pilgrims increases more and more. From May until October, on the 13th of each mon_th, frorri 119 30,000 to 40,000 pilgrims arrive at Fatima to honor the Blessed Virgin. Rome. Here follow the amounts in francs contributed by the most important countries since 1845 until 1923 towards the work of the Holy Infant for the mis:::ions. France: 72,258,850. Germany. 46,072,727. Belgium. 21.850 067. Italy. 19,199,135. United States 18,856,557. Holland. 11,220,159. Austria. 6,643,65 2. Swit.terland. 6,096,897. Great Britain. 5,173,478. Canada. 3,401,604. Spain. 2,575,840. Argentine. 1,285.052. The total contributed by all countries during that same lapse of time was 228,,84,000 franc;:. United States. The Catholic Church has gained 4,4-29,137 members in the last ten years, according to the Catholic Press Directory, published lately in the U.S. Tr.e directory shows there are 60,155 nuns, 23,697 priest:::, 216 seminaries, catholic universities and colleges, 208 monasteries, abbeys and schola~ticates and 508 hospitals and charitable institutions in the U.S. -Who is the Catholic Filipino who would not gladly sacrifice one peso a year for a subscription to the Litttk Apostle ? l't means a little help for the civilization of the last pagans in his beloved country. 120 rV~-s!P'=" ~-~~ ~.A.~81 • - ~·»J - CURRENT EVENTS • - ~•»J - L111...-~~au: - ~lll~J Philippines Commerce, J\griculfure. During the tirst six months of the year, the Philippines exported more sugar (396.61.J- tons) than durinir any preYious year. Europe ha Yin~· bong-ht much sugar on the Kew York market. prices in sugar may rim a little. It has been ascertained that the Philippines can produce much rubber. ~I indanao seems to be an ideal place for this product. The British owing c0% of the rubber trees of the world. ha Ying put ref:triction upon the exportation of rnb!Jer from the :IIalay State;; and Ceylon, efforts are l.Jeing made i11 the Lei::islature tog-rant i::rrn!Prfacilities to foreign capit al to raise rubber in great quantities in the Island~. Famine menaces the pro1·ince of X neva Vizcaya. The people ha Ye mid great quantities of rice i11 Nue1·a Ecija and consequently prices ha Ye risen considerably so that the poor people can not itfl'ord to buy the cereal. Famine menaces also the proYinces of Camarines. owing to the harnc played by a storm in th at proYince last June. The Governor General urges the people of these afflicted provinces to raise quick growing crops. These last years great a1·eas of cultiYable land have been washed a way by overflows of ri Ye rs. One of the ca uses of these annual destructions is the deforestation of mountains. Therefore it is urged by many ot!lcials that the b~irrea mountains ought to l.Je again planted with valuable trees. Politics. The opposition 1Jet1nen the Governor Ge11eral and the Legislature continues but there exists a tendency to mutual understanding. 'The GoYernor Ge11eral rnbmitted a list of '.?24 appointments, 8ome of which were approYed others rejected (f. i. that of >Tr. Canon as subdirector of the library). The Secretaries of the different derartments rejected by the Legislature will continue their functions ad-interim. >Ir. Osmei'ia. floor leader of the :Kacionalista-conrnlidado party in tl1e Senate has ¥Gne to the r. S. l1nd will be followed htter proba bl~- !Jy >lr. Quezon , President of the Senate and others, to put tlle claims of the Legislature airain~t the Governor Genel al before the G. S.' Congress and the President himself. and also to do \1 ·hat can be done in faYor of the Fairfield bill. or any other granting more autonomy, or independence to the Philippine Islands. During the first session of the Legislature many bills have been introduced. Let us note only a few : one making- dirnrce easier {this c9mes up at 'every session), another granting .'.\1unicipalities more autonomy, especially to leYy more taxes: one barring members of the Legislature from collection of their per d iems during absences from the sessions: one granting women the riQ·ht to 1·ote: a resolution urging that all bills deposited shall be brought to discussion a few days after they ha Ye been introduced, in order to avoid that many be pigeonholed or rushed through without discussion at the end of the session; an act creating a committee which shall look after the interests of the Government in its industrial enterprises which haYe often been the cause of great financiallosses. In a partial election for a subsitute to Mr. Reyes, reprPSentative of Cavite province, the N acionalista-consolidado candidate Mr. Soriano was elected. Schools. There are unusual difficulties this year in the public schools, on account of the large number of enrollments of students, lack of proper facilities, in many cases lack of teachers and a shortage of funds, says Dr. Bewley, director of the Bureau of Education. In some schools tuition fees were asked to pro121 Yide the necessary funds for the support of the institution. In some places students who failed in the intelligence test were refused or advised to follow a trade course instead of the high school. In Nueva Vizcaya only a few schools were re-opened. The .\fonroe commision's report has been widely discussed in the Legislature. It is found that it criticizes much but does not forward the remedies to the evil. In answer to its criticisms of some private schools more funds were as1:ed by the bureau of private schools to support more supervisors of the private institutions. A bill was proposed by which co-education in the >Ioro schools should be suppressed. Why must the Jl.Ioros alone be fa>ored under this point of view? The Catholics too demand the suppression of the co-education system for their own children? Foreign China. 'rhe Chinese embroglio continues, less fierce in the north, more menacing in the South. The Cantonese re- · public is bolschevic and her army is officered by Russian BolscheYics. These officers like many other Russian emissaries are paid by ~Ioscow to stir up the Chinese against the foreigners. It seems that the Yunanese troops beaten lately by the Cantonese are preparinganother attack against Canton . .If the former succeed in driving out the Cantonese rulers, the Bolschevic rule in the south would receive a deathblow. In the meantime the Chinese demand the suppression of foreign concessions and extraterritoriality. The concessions of certain territories to some foreign powers in particular (like France in in Shang-Hai) or to all alike and called "international" were granted by China by way of treaties after wars in which she herself was beaten or as indemnities for certain injustices committed against foreigners. The rig·ht of extraterritoriality, by w bich foreig-11ers in China are judged by their own consuls or ambassadors, was imposed upon China as a guarantee against unjust sentences imposed upon foreign subjects. A few years ago, the Chinese bad been promised at a conference at Washington, the revision of these former treaties. What shall be the issue of this long Chinese antiforeign movement? England. What is said to be one of the greatest steps toward world JYrosperity since the World War was taken last April by the Government of Great Britain, when it returned to the gold standard of money value. Australia and New Zealand returned to the gold standard 122 on the same day as Great Britain. Before long all the states of the Dominion shall have taken the same measure. What does this gold standard mean? To be on a gold standard a nation must permit the free export and import of gold and its treasury must be prepart->d to exchange gold for paper money on an equal basis. Great Britain had not been able to do this for ten years. A nation under the gold standard must always have a large amount of gold on hand to act as security for its paper money, if not, the value of the paper money drops. Italy, France and other European countries have their money unit below its face value, just because they have not gold enough in their \'aults to guarantee the payment of their paper money in gold or silver coins. When one country buys goods in another country, those goods have to be paid for. Usually they are paid for by other g::iods sold: that is by goods going in the opposite direction. That is called international exchange. But when anything happens to upset the "balance of trade" money has t,o be shipped: usually gold. During tbe war Great Britain bought millions of dollors' worth of war supplies in the U. S. but sold very few things to the new world. Gold began to flow out. Great Britain passed thus laws preventing too much gold from going out of the country. At the same time the government refused to pay out !:'Old in exchange for the British paper money. As a result of this action the pound sterling fell in value. The pound sterling is nominally worth $4,8665. After the war it fell below $3,50. That was because the British Government and the British merchants owed so much to the United States. American creditors held drafts payable in London, but could not get the money for them. So they sold them at a discount. Recently the pound has been steadily climbing. The returning of Great Britain to the gold standard makes it certain that the pound will nuw remain at its normal valuP. However Britain has not yet returned to a system of free exchange of paper money for gold. New York banks arehelpingBritain by granting a British credit of 300 million dollars. That is: they are willing to lend that amount to be used in the U.S. if needed. This prevents too much gold from being exported from Britain to the U. S. Britain instead of shipping gold to the U. S. in payment of merchandise, will draw on her credit in the New York banks. The example of Great Britain may soon be followed by other European nations. ~ England has serious interior trouble. More than 1,000,000 coalminers menaced to strike. The Gornrnment voted an amount of money to be given to the direction of the mines \vi th "hich to satisfy the claims of the workers for a few days and avert the strike. She h'as 1,200,000 unemployed. l\J ost of them can not find work. Others can. l.Jut since the war the unemployed receive a certain allowance from the Government. wherefore some prefer to live on that pension. What will England do if tomorrow the railroad workers menace· with a strike, if the day after tomorrow the laborers at the docks refuse to work etc. etc. Will the Government continue to pay the strike off? Mexico. Since a quarter of a century in the throes of civil war and revolution, )fexico received a warning statement of Secretary Kellog, U. S. against her increasing lawlessness. The seizure of lands by agrarians goes on without check. No attempt is made to reimburse the owners. Agriculture has been dimisnishing steadily and in the face of this progressive economic dissolution the government seems to be helpless. ~Texico, according to competem observers, is suffering from the rot of bolshevism and as the Catholic Church stands for right and justice, she saw her churches and other properties confiscated. The agrarian confiscations in ay become an int~rnational problem which concerns Great Britain, Spain and other countries. Russia. Several countries have expressed publicly their regret of having entered into negotiations with Russia, and recognized the Soviet GoYernment. The intervention of Russia in China against the English, may lead Russia and England to war, in which case England would blockade all Russian ports until Moscow has given satisfaction to the English claims. Japan tired of the propaganda of Russian Bolschevics in China and Manchuria may before long declare war against Russia and profit by the clash to take possession of Manchuria which she needs for her overpopulation and where the Russians actually try to dominate. United States. The G,1vernment's debt collecting drive, started in April under the direction of President Coolidge, has not brought any money into the treasury of the United States from European nations, but has brought the assurances that virtually all the 12 billion dollars owed the U. S. on account of war loans will be paid. England was the first European Country which before the driYE made arrangements for paying and effectively 123 paid, while she herself was not paid by other European countries who had borrowed of her sterlings. Five nations owing a total of five million dollars - ·Great Britain, Finland, Hungary, Lithuania and Poland -already are making regular payments on principal and interest. Of the twel ,.e other European nations which owe the U. S., all except the Russian Bolsche,·ic paradise have now made some move looking toward the adjustment of their debts before the end of the present year. The principal debtors - France, Italy, Roumania, Belgium and CzechoSlovakia - preliminary conferences looking to the concluding of funding agreements have been held. Last year the European nations had expected if not the whole at least the partial remission of their debts under pretext that the war of the Allies was a common war and its burdens were to carried by all alike in the same proportions. They further said that the money borrowed from the U. S. had remained where it was as payments for food and war paraphernalia. But Uncle Sam remained deaf to these reasons. France hoped to receive better conditions of payment than England, but then John Bull objected and said that if France were granted better facilities of payment, he urged the same. vVhat may be the end of the going-on negotiations? That the U. S. grant moratoriums to some of the indebted countries, knowing well that no oil can be got from a dry stone. Anyway the move of the different European countries to fulfil their obligations shows that Europe is little by little recovering from her downbreak after the world war. (fV'"" ~ 1 ) QUESTION BOX ~-~=~-~ Questions unsiirned will not be answered. Anonymous !Ptters must find their wa~· into the waste paper basket. We will not pnhlish the names of those who send f]uestions. 8. -A person u;l1 o s u.ff ers ?mt ch from tuberculosis ancl 10h(1 is incurable, u;ould prefer to die rather than remain in this state; so he asks another person to kill him. Does he commit sin by acting so? The other person obeys him. Does the latter CQmmit a sin? Ans.-~obody has the right to take a way his own life or the life of another (except tbe Government in some cases, and persons in self defense). Our life belongs to God who grants it to us to serve Him. By taking away our own or another person ·s life, we deprh-e God of His right to the service of the person killed and we commit a mortal sin. Thus the sick man in question commits a mortal sin, by taking away his own life, if not by his own hand, at least by asking another person to do it for him; besides he commits a second grievious sin by inciting another person to perpetrate a great crime: for who incites his neighbor to do wrong is guilty of the wrong done, or to be done. The second perrnn, it is clear, commits homicide, which is amortalsin. One might object: the sick person is incurablP, suffers much and must die before long. God's claim upon the sick man·s serYice, which is submission to His holy will, must remain God's undisputed right. At this moment of his life which is ebbing away, the sick person serYes God and has to sene Him as long as it pleases our Creator and soYereign Lord. In this case, the sick senes God by his patient suffering and perseYering submission to the will of the AlmiglJty, who in return will reward Him for this senice by granting him pardon of a part or of all the temporal punishments clue to his sins,a11d by increasing his reward in HeaYen, if he be in thestateof Sanctifying Grace. NOTE: SeYeral other querries ha \·e arriYed. They will be answered in the next issue. Communion Prayer of an old Irish Woman "My loving Lord, a thousand welcomes! Cead mille failthe! 0 Son of Mary, I love you, indeed I do. Who am I at all, that you should come next or near me? 0 God of heaYen, make a little corner for me in your heart, and never while there is life in me let me lose my place there, and after death may I still hide there." Amen. "Harn pity on me, 0 Blessed ~[o ther! Talk to my God for me. Tell Him I'm a poor ignorant creature, full of nothing but sin and misery, but that I love you, H is own dear ~Iother: that I am a poor servant, and for your sweet sake,to help and pity me. Amen." 125 ftAILBAG OFTHE LITTLE A~O!TlE For all correi::pondence with "THE LITTLE APOSTLE" send your letters to The Little Apostle, Box 1393, .Jfanila The "Litt1e Apostle" is now printed on 6,000 copiei::. It does not mean that there are 6,000 subscribers. It does not even mean that all the subscribers of June, last year, have already sent in their renewal (let us hope that those who forgot to do so, will send it in right NOW, for otherwise the good cause among· the }fountaineers is the loser and ..... well : debts are debts) but it means that already more than5,200 numbers are sent out eYery month to all parts of the world. and, if examples attract, the following letter should double the number of subscribers to the '·Little Apostle." Dear Father Yande1 rnlle. With much interest we have been reading your " L ittle Apostle., which the Reverend Father gave us. \\'e enjoy reading it and prefer it to other publications, for all the µlaces mentioned and sometimes even the people talked about in the -:\Iagazineare known to us. We t hank you for t he noble work you are performing and for all the benefits we derive for our souls from the grand examples set before us in the interesting " Little Apostle." We lgorrote girls wish to contribute a small part to your appreciated work. Therefore we send you inclosed one peso for a subscription to the '·Little Apostle." That's all our small means can afford but we supply this lack of means by fervent prayers for the conversion of our dear brethren of the Mountain Province. Some lgorrote girls of Bontoc. Of course these children are baptized, but what one ought to wonder at is that they are of the poorest of the Philippines and nernrtheless they ha Ye gathered a few centavos here and there, deprirnd themselrns of what is more than necessity and they want to read the "Little Apostle"' and contribute to the conversi:m of their bret h ren. And as if the best examples had always to come from the poor children, so dear to the Sacred Heart, what do you think of the following letter? Dear Reverend Father. We have been reading the ·'Little Apostle" since last year and have 1 i k ed it immensely, especially the stories. Following the examples of some colleges, we the 7th. Grade and F irst ye:n girls of the }falate Catholic School formed last March the '·Girls· Mission Crusade of Malate Car,holic School" and succeeded in raising the enclosed sum of P6.30. It is very little (but like tbe mite of the widow it is more meritorious owing to the sacrifices and mortifications you had to practise to sa Ye these pennies) but we hope it will be of some help to the 126 :\fission". -n· e alrn promise to pray e,·ery day for the success of the :\fissions. Hoping that yo111 will hear from us again (of course I hope and like it) we remain: Very respectfully ~-ours. The Girls' );fission Crusade of :\T. C. S. After all, to one who knows thatthe :\1alate Catholic School is directed by ~I issionaries, it is no wonder then that the .Missionary spirit is found in the hearts of the Mal ate School pupils: the pupils are what the teachers make them anrl teachers who "-ould neglect to teach their pupils to help the missions, would forget an essential part of catholic education. If I had to give here all the letterS of correspondents who have sent in their names and fees asking to be Pnlisted as members of "the Crusaders of the Little ]:<'lower", the "Little Apostle" would be one I.Jig mail bag. Hundreds have entered the Association. Several ba1·e offered their sen-ices for becoming Promoters. The succes~ is assured. How could it be otherwise after having receh-ed the appronl of the Ecclesiastical Authority of the Philippines, the encouragement of our Dear Apostolic Delegate and certainly the blessing of the Little Flower, and Jesus Christ Himself. Dear Readers: God is with us, for God is with His works. :M:ay He bless you all and especially those mentioned in this mailbag. Respectfully yours in X. Rev. 0. Vandewalle. Judge Not and You Shall Not Be Judged A certain zealous and e ner get i c priest went about collecting for his little church. His sacristan accompa - nied him, for he knew everything and eYerybody's business, perhaps e 1· en better than his own. How many there are like him! As they were going about on this mission of charity, they heard the sound of coughing, coming from a rather poor-looking house. "That person who is coughing seems to be on the road to the other world" said the priest. "The world will not Jose much if he goes to the other side of the grave" answered the sacristan. ·'be is rich, but so stingy that he denies himself even comfort in food. clothes etc .. and "that it would be useless to ask him anything" continued the sacristan. ·'Ah 11-ell, said the priest, e1·en a small coin will be of some use: and in return for his help, 1 maybe able to help him. Let us go in." So saying, he knocked at the door and entered the house. Its occupant rose from his chair as they entered and in a courtly way, at variaIJce with his surroundings, bid them welcome. It was rather dark, for it was towards ernning and he apologized while he struck a match to light a candle. Then turning to the i:;riest he asked him politely what he could do for him. The good priest's errand.being made known, he remained for a moment thinking, then said: ·'I know I am called a miser. but why should I spend on this miserable bod~-, what will do so much good to others? And if, by doing without many things for my selfsatisfaction, I can help my suffering fe1low-creatures, how little should I regret my daily deprivation!!! Here, Reverend Father, he continued, this is all I possess; had you come a few days sooner I could have giYen you what I gave to a poor family.'' On his way home, the father opened the box and found, to his great surprise, many gold pieces. It was found out that this sick man's life had been one continual act of charity. giYen in an anonymous way, known to the great God for Whom alone we should all work, and not for fame, so as to be spoken of in this and that paper. L OBERTA Wagner is a young girl of Bensonhurst, Brooklyn. In 1923 at the age of r r years. she was stricken with appendicitis and rushed to the operation table of a private hospital in Brooklyn. Unhappily after the operatio:1 was performed serious complications set in: she got tuberculosis of the bo:1es. Two of her ribs had to be removed and her spine too became tubercular. Four physicians declared that her entire system was poisoned and there was no hope for recovery. Poor girl, to have to die so young. For two years she remained in bed waiting upon death. After many consultations it was finally agreed by all the doctors who saw her that she had only a few months, perhaps a few days only to live. Roberta had been educated in St. Mary l\fother of Jesus' paro;::hial school in Bensonhurst and the parish priests a::id Sisters in the school had often talked about the power of the Little Flow~r, St. Theresa of Jesus. 127 About te:: days before the canoniz~tion of the Little Flower, Roberta, her mother and other members of the family started a novena in honor of the Little Flower asking her to cure the little girl. Shall the Little Flower remain deaf to so many prayers and such great faith? She loves so much the little children. Did not Jesus too lo\·e them mnch? 1\.nd now here was a little sick girl showing confidence in her words that she "would spend her heaven doing good upon earth''. \\, hile maki11g the novena, Roberta who had been unable to talk distinctly for almost two years, all of a sudden shouted to her mother that she was better. "Mother,'' she said, "I know I am better now, I feel that St. The- · resa has obtained for me my cure." Mrs. Wagner called in the physicians who had treated her and they declared a wonderful improYement had been made in the child and that the change was simply miraculous. 128 A few days later Roberta was out of her bed for the first time in two years, in her home at 1730 \Vest Eleventh Street, Bensonhurst. She is so well cured that she intends to enter St. Brendon's high s:hool. Is this not wonderful? Such miracles are performed by the Little Flower by the scores all over the world and in all countries. Say, would you not like to join the crusaders of the Little Flower as established by " the Little Apostle"? The day may come for you too to need the Little Flower.'s po,Yerful intercession. Of course if you were sick right now, you would promise immediately to become a crusader. But is it not best to show your A sigh or a smile may awaken Suspicion most false and untrue, And thus our belief may be shaken In hearts that are honest and true. How often the friends we hold dearest, Their noblest emotion conceal? And bosoms, the purest, sincerest, Have secrets they cannot reveal. Leave base minds to harlJor suspicion, And small ones to trace out defects; Let ours be a ncble ambition To love as our Savior directs. deYotion to the man"elous little Saint already now, before you need a miracle from her. She has the power too to prevent sickness. She has the. power to pre,·ent the sickness of the soul. Is it not better to prevent both by iiffoking daily our dear L ittle Flower? And suppose you need her some day in your affliction or sickness, \vould your previous devotion not be a guarantee of her · efficacious intercession for yon ? Dear Little Tots, now is the time to join the crusaders of the Little Flower. Read foe conditions of becoming a crusader in this number and send in immediately your enlistment to the "Little Apostle" P. 0. B. 1393 Manila. -"My son," said the irate parent, " I am surprised, mortified and amazed to find that you are the last of the class. I can hardly believe it possible. " "\Vhy, father," replied the son, ''it is the easiest thing in the world. '' .JI. -''Now, don't be greedy with your roller skates, Bobbie," 5aid mother. "You must lend them to Ethel sometimes.'' "I do, mother," said Bobbie. "She has them up the hills and I ha\'e them down." Cum licentia ecclesiastica ................................................... ~~· • • • • • • . p . i -in iedmonts ! • • • • i only! i • • • • • • : The full mellow richness : • • : of golden VIRGINIA tobacco : • • • • • • • • • • i LIGGETT & MYERS TOBACCO Co.,lnc. i • • : PHILIPPINE BRANCH : • • • • • • • • • • ...................................................... tb~ Standard paint~r :tl. l(raut EL PINTOR ALEMAN OUR SPECIALTY CHURCH WINDOWS ART GLASS MANUFACTURER EXPERT PAINTER 16 GRANATE MANILA. P. I ~IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII~ ~ PRA ~°'~'· ~OOKS ~ ~ The Catholic School Press ~ BAGUIO, MT. PROV. PRAYER BOOK for the Philippine Catholic, l28 pages ~ Cloth binding ~ One copy, postpaid • • • • • • • • • • '.P 0.40 ~ "MY COMPANION" a complete Prayerbook, by Rev. C. ~ ~ ~ Jurgens, 230 pages ~ Cloth binding, one copy, postpaid • • • • • ~ 0.50 Fabricoid binding " " • • " 0.55 y expulsar las lombrices en los nifios \\"hen buying your School Supplies, ~ Pada, ComP<>a;<ioo Booka, o,.w;og ~ "la CASTOR/A def Dr. C. Jahrling may rest assured that you will get first ~ class quality at very reasonable prices. ~ * For sale everywhere in the Philip- i:= r~. 1;:~~!~~~~~ Co. ~ BOTIC~la~:~ CRUZ ~ ~IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII~ H H H H H It ~ H H H ~ H H H H H = Tuts Cigare_ ttes Steps out of its Otass and gives a better smoke ~::.::.:_;•.................. rrrrn-·-::m:::::.x....-:.:::::~::.!";.::::::::::.:::::-::: ::u::;; H H H H H H ~ Ciuarniciones ~ § Monturas S § Cinturones g ~ e::H l~H Toda:~lase i~.·.· ~ Articulos ~ § de- a ~ J1f , ade by I Cuero. IH' ~ :l La Flor de la H ~ a Pedir ~ ~ Catalogo ~::::H;~ ~ Isabela Fact. r H J ~ :: H H H H H H ::: MANILA HARNESS COMPANY ~ ~ P. 0 . BOX 1921 56-58 ESCOLTA MANILA, P. I. a N H H tt I!:: .Jj ~:::--....··· ;:: .............. rn.:n:.....-u ......................... :ar:L~n:::"!! r~fli*""4VW* #4$...,.. t*&*e& ·nrOJ•!W~, ill ~~ p 19.50 ~ .. pOR su indisputable Exactitud :\luchas Grandes Compallias Fel'l'ocarrileras de lo~ Esrados Unidos, y de algunos Paises Europeos ,\-de! Extremo Oriente. han adoptado el "0 ~IE GA" como su hor a f'TA?\DAHD en todas sus lineas, \ -cl. puede hoy ser uno de esos ;'l!lLLOXES de ori:rullosos poseedores de reloies "O)IEGA": con PW.50 .>a puede Vd. comprarse un reloi de bobillo de niquel. de una tapa. con 15 rubies. con el nombre, "O:\!EGA". desde lueg-o en la esfera. Tene~'!'!OS ta111bien relojes de bolsillo "0l\1EGA" de oro, oro plaque, y plata, diferentes formas, tamanos y disenos. .. .. Tambien una buena existencia de relojes de pulsera "0· MEGA" para Senoritas, Senoras y Caballeros. .. .. .. .. LA ESTRELLA DEL 1'0RTE LEVY HER:\l.A:'"iOS. l~ C . 46-50 EscoLTA TELS, 250 y 251 L~- .....,_..__IL~ ..... ~A;,ILA fi& M!!:~IZirlJ if::::====--=------ . ------::;i H U ~ Felidsimo R. Feria CAVANNA :: = Gabriel La 0 = ~ "FERIA & LAO" ABOITIZ y AGAN ~ H ABOGADOS I~ ~ A BOG ADOS ~ u Roxas Building H ~ China Bank Bldg. (So piso), J. Luna, Cuarto No 212 Tel. 572 ~ H Binondo, Manila- T el. J792 Escolta -- MANILA r ~ ~ H H H H ~ A . Luna de San Pedro NIGHT SCHOOL SPANISH~ :: Architect JOURNALISM ~ ~ and ~ :: Spedality: C hurches, Schools & Religious Buildings DECLAMATION H H JS P. de la Paz - Escolta H H H H Lucena, Tayabas, H :: P . O. Box 2709 Phone 22907 M agallanes corner Dumacaa, = :: MANILA P. I. Opposite the Market. = H H ~~~============::::;;:==::::;;:==~~==~======::::;;:====::::;;:::::;;:~~~ H H ~ ~ 1~ Telefono l473 P. O. Box 433 H H H H H H H ~ E. DIAZ Y C!.8 ~ U MANILA = :: ~ " tt ~ = COMISIONES, CONSIGNACIONES = H H H IMPORT ACION Y EXPORT ACION M ~ = ~ M :: Compra-venta de productos del pais. = H H H ~ H M H H = J6, Escolta (altos) = = = H Direcci6n Telegrafica Claves ABC (Sa. Ed.) H H H :: DIAZCO AI, Lieber's y Bentley U H H H H ~~--==~xx::xx:::z::a:x=::===x****::.:.:: ==::xxxx·,,,..,,.==~x=~ When buying Candies insist on "MANOC" Brand always Si Our Candies are made of first-class material in a Sanitary Factory. CLARKE'S, Incorporated gg DO OB Oldest & Largest Candy Factory in the Philippines gg .. !! 425 Misericordia- MANILA P. 0. Box 599 H " " g~:::~g0 gg~~~~§§§~§§§§lgggg~~g~g~~~~~~~~~~!~:H=sH DR. MIGUEL DE LA CONCEPCION DENTIST A T . FINPIN . NO. 25 TELEFHONO NO. 255-32 IMPRENTA SANTOS Y BERNAL TIPOGRAFIA. FUNDICiON DE TIPOS, ENCUADERNACION, RAY ADO, PAPELERIA, LIBRERIA Y ESTAMPERIAMANJLA A venida Rizal 528 T elefono 3270 Please PATRONIZE our Advertisers and mention "The LITTLE APOSTLE" !r°"::ICICICl<********XXX11X*XX************C************X*~ I HEAVY WET-PROOF SHOES I FOR PROVINCIAL WEAR Of heavy oil selected ·American leather sole, and heel bellows tonguP.. I As nearly water-proof as it iR ~ I pos~ible to.. make a leather Shoe. P12.00 Enclose 'PI. oo for Postage No. 8821-733 'Pl2. ' = No. 8821-736, same ~s above with "tap" (nailed I I and eewn) sole, pe< pa" . . • • • . '1"10.00, = HIKE SHOE PALACE I = R. E. McGrath, Mgr. H 140-146 ESCOLTA MANILA H = ~ tbc:xxa:xxxxxxxxxxzx::xxxaaxzxaxxama&&&&X*X*XXXXX&&&z::odl