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The Little Apostle of the Mountain Province

Media

Part of The Little Apostle of the Mountain Province

Title

The Little Apostle of the Mountain Province

Issue Date

Volume IV (Issue No. 9) February 1928

Year

1928

Language

English

Rights

extracted text

VOL. IV NO. 9 FEBRUARY 1928 Catho . c School Press, Baguio, f1t. Pr. Entered as Second-Class Ma~t.e~ at the Post Office a! B11.guio. Mountain. on Feimiary 5. x925 . ·• ). THE LITTLE APOSTLE OF THE MOUNTAIN PROVINCE '1 lie OTgan of the Missionaries of the lmmaciilate He,art of Mary (Scheuti:eili Fathers} in the .}fountain Province of the Philippine,s. Edited and published monthly Editor . REV. 0. VANDEWALLE, P. 0. Box 1393, Manila, Phil. Is. Business Manager ... REV. V. FANIEL, P. 0. Box 1393, Manila P. I. Publishers . . . . . . THE CATHOLIC SCHOOL PRESS, Baguio, Philippines. { Pl .00 for the Philippines Yearly subscription price: $1.00 for the U.S. and Foreign Countries. All checks and money orders should be made payable to THE LITTLE APOSTLE, Manila, P. I. Notice regarding change of ad<lress should be sent promptly. All communications must be addressed to: THE LITTLE APOSTLE P. 0. Box 1393 .\'f ANILA, Philippines +1.-..t~~~·~~~MiiMMiiiilH~~-~Mli6-c,.....1~M!llilM~~~-~~·.-...1--..-..i+ I BAGUIO TRAIN SERVICE I I 1928 BAGUIO SEASON i I = The Mountain City opens wide its gates in cordial welcome to the ,visiting throngs and offers to them the advantages of an ideal resort for -,- entertainment, sport, comfort and relaxation. Its varied attractions will Ii give you a vacation to be remembered and repeated. j j BAGUIO NIGHT SPECIAL j j Connection with Benguet Auto Line ,lt Damorth and from Baguio j f Leaves Manila every Friday at 11;00 P. M. Returns from Ba:.iang Sur every j = Arrives Damortis at 6;05 A. M. Sunday at 9:03 P. M. 1 - f and Bauang Sur at 7:07 A. M. Leaves Damortis at 10:30 P. M. j the following day. Arrives at Manila at 5:10 A. M. f ' - All Baguio Night Trains include spacious First class passengers leave I modern sleeping and Buffet cars with Baguio 8:00 P.M. j bath rooms and all convenience of the Third class passengers leave j I - Luxe travel. Also carry ordinary first Baguio 7:30 P. M. i and third class coaches and baggage car. o = Reservations for sleeper herth should be 1 - 1 Additional Night Trains will he run from made in advance atTutubanStation or at _ ' - time to time, notice of which will be duly Downtown office, 519 Dasmariiias. ,- published in local papers. _ i Dining Service operated by the Manila Hotel Cornpa;Jy j j Schedule of Departure and Arrival j I North Bound South Bound j - 1 MANILA L 11:00 P. M. BAU ANG SUR L 9:03 P. M. . Bigaa . 11:40 P. M. Aringay 9:33 P. M. i i r,,a;~~:nand~ n=tz !: ~: ~~0~0RTIS 1b~i~ ~: ~: I I Dau 1:23 A . M. San Fabian 11:02 P. 1\1. I i T arlac 2:30 A. M. Dagupan 11:24 P. M. j _ Paniqui 3:14 A. M. Paniqui 1:06 A. M. _ ' - Dagupan 4:48 A. M. 1D'aarulac 1:44 A. M. , - - San Fabian 5:18 A. M. 2:47 A. M. j DAMORTIS 6:05 A. M. San Fernando 3:34 A. M. j - Agoo 6:23 A. M. Malolos 4:13 A. M. - j Aringay 6:47 A. M. Bigaa 4:30 A. M. j I - BAUANG SUR A 7:07 A. M. MANILA A 5:10 A. M. , - RA TES First Class Third Class j Manila to Baguio, one way i.>17.10 p 8.55 j I - 20 days, Manila to Baguio, round trip 11.84 1 - 90 days, Manila to Baguio, round trip 26.00 12.94 _ I - Manila to Damortis, one way 11.1 o 5.55 j 20 days, Manila to Damortis, round trip 1.5.54 S.88 - f 90 days, Manila to Damortis, round trip 16.04 9.13 j j 90 days, Manila to Bauang Sur, round trip 18.21 10.37 - _ Sleeper berth, each way 5.00 I f Passengers holding thru tickets to Baguio disembark at Damortis for j I - Auto connection. No free hand baggage is allowed O'.l the Bengue Auto .Line; minimum charge 50 centavos for each piece not exceedi,1g 20 kilos ' = in weight. ~ _ BAGUIO EXPRESS SERVICE DAILY ~ j Northbound, Leaves Manila at 8:00 A. M. j - Southbound, Leaves Bauang Sur at 10:00 A. M. - I Trip between Damortis and Baguio is made in less thaa two hours. I I - \Vrite for copy of our Folder containing complete Time Tables and , - information concerning important points reached by Railroad. - I MANILA RAILROAD COMPAN Y : i Tel. 49861 943 Azcarra;!a j +t.-.c~~).-<~----------------~-'--"-1.j. :::::-:r::::=:::::::=::::::::------=:x::c::z::::::::::c=--==~ ~ H H H H ~ H H H H = M H H H H H ~4.8±1: for this HAWKEYE CAMERA H ll H H H H H H H H H H It H H H With 36 It I( H H H H H H H II II II H H H H H H H H H H Films and one year's subscription to ~ Kodakery MAGAZINE :: Sent Only By Registered Mail. No C. 0. D. Orders. DENNISTON Inc. MANILA t.k:::::=x::::::cxxx-x:=-x::z:::::::::::::::c::::=x:~~==x::::-~---.~~~~---H H = = ~ = H H H H = M H I ~ H M H H H LEVY ET BLUM INC. IMPORTERS SELL DIAMONDS & PRECIOUS STONES Agents for: COTY-GIRAUD-ROY AL EMILIA PERFUMES ELECTJON-LONVILLE-PRIMEDOR WATCHES ELECTRIC BULLE-CLOCKS L & B KNITTED FRENCH UNDERWEAR H = 345 Echague = MANILA ~=====:o:a=== II H II H II II H H H H H ::::::::::!! ~========:::===============~ · r==--~--x====x=r::x=:::.=:=xx~ H It I It 11 tt ·t It 11 tt H SASTRERIA tl H It H " ~ ~ ~ DE ~ ~ Help The Mission l: ~ U ~ ~ :: Eleuteriu :Aflenhez :: :: u 1: ~ U By Buying From ~ tl Magallanes 106-108 lntramuros U H H ~ 11 :: Our Advertisers ~ It Manila, I. F. Telefono 3535 ~ H H It It :: ll :1 :: ri And Mentioning :: !! Antigua Botica Ramirez ~ ~ = H H ~ = :: (Antes Zobel) U H H H It ~THE LITTLE APOSTLE ~ ~ Established in 1834 ~ H H H H H H II II It H H H It II H 123-125 Calle Real ( lntramuros ) H H H ~Tel. No. 425 P. Q_ Box 929 ~ ~ ~ ~ MANILA ~ H H H H :1 = ~ = = ~ ~ MAXIMO VICE~TE tt ~ ~ ~ T ALLERES DE ESCUL TURA, ~ H H ~ PINTURA Y PLATERIA H ~Become a Crusader! :i •1' R. Hidalgo 830 al 834 Tel. 2-65-28 ~ H H I MANILA, I. F. H H ~ It H H " H Se tallan con maquinaria moderna, Ima- 11 H II ll genes, Andas, Altares, Pulpitos y otros ri :: of the Little Flower for the ll It trabajos de Ebanisteria, y Marcos ar- H II 11 H tfsticos. Ornamentos de Iglesia y Taller II ~conversion of the Igorrotes ll ~ de bordados, etc. ri ~( H H II H• h M . p . H H L • ti"td It Hill t e ounta1n rov1nce. It II OS encargos se cnmplenconpron u yesmero It H H H It H 11 H H H H H H H ~ ~ = ~Write to day to the ~ ~ A. GARCIA = ~ :1 ~ = u H H H ~ ,,LITTLE APOSTLE" !l ~ PROCESS ENGRAVER ~ H 'I H H ~ P. 0. Box 1393, MANILA lt = Sta. Potenciana. Manila, P. I. n H H H H H H H Phone 227J5 H H II II H 11 H II H It It II H lb: ::::.::::::::z.:::xm::::c::z:::::::::~:z:::=:= :::::::~ ~::-:::::::::: ~::::x= * = = = * ::lt +_, ___ , ,_._, _~~-~-·+ I I I C I 1 uerpos 1 i F t t 1 uer es i t R b t t j y 0 US OS j j j i tienen los que frecuentan los i I SALONES DE BOWLING ALi I LEYS. - De ahi que dia tras dia I i cobre empuje el entusiasmo por i I el juego. de bolos entre nuestros I j "Sportsmen" y "Sportswomen" i j mas populares. . . • y los menos I I populare3 fambien! I I HAY que admitir, tambien, I i que los mas expertos en el juego j f a las boleras construidas por nos- j j de bolos prefieren siempre acudir j f otros. Es que saben que en las f I boleras construidas cientifica- j j mente y con material y equipos j f de alta calidad se consiguen los f I efectos deseado3. SE JUEGA I j CON GUSTO, SE DIVIERTE j I MUCHO! i I I i Gonzalo Puyat & I 1 Sons, Inc. i I I I FABRICA TES DE MUEBLES I I FONOGRAFOS,SILLONES PA- i I RA BARBERIAS, BOWLING i I ALLEYS, BILLARES, ETC. I I OFICINA CENTRAL: i i 727 Solana-Tel. 1002 j i = - I i SUCURSAL: I I Calle David Nos.9-15-Tel.26516 J +------------+ +--------, ----+ i - i Finest ! i MINERAL w AX I i i I CANDLES i j ! j specially made for the ! I Philippine Islands I I ~~ i I Marca I I ESCUDO & LIBERTY I i Made in all Sizes ! 1 ~~ I I SAM KONG ! - ' I San Nicolas Manila, P. I. I I Caballeros 423 I I _ , __________ i I I I I 11 ! Please I i Help the Missions ! = I I by Spreading I I I I THE LITTLE I I i I APOSTLE = I I 1 I i - i ! i ! - I I I +>.-c---..-.c~~.-.C l_t411119(_.._.+ ~~~~~~~~~[G_~ ~ i Solo en ~ ~ ROSI AS ~ ~ puede Y. encontrar, el cigarriJlo ~ ~ que le satisfaga. ~ ~ ~ ~ Conocidos en toc1a ~ ~ . . . . FILIPINAS . . . . ~ - Un procjucto de )a Flor de la Isabela - ~ ~~~~~~~ Nestle's Rich Thick Cream '¥ . . . . It is just the pure Extra Thick Cream taken from the richest milk obtainable, and preserved by no other means'than sterilization . . . . . Nothjng is added and nothing· is taken away; thus jt retains permanently all its perfection of flavor and fresJmess, even under the most exacting climatic conditions . ~ ~ . . . . With Stewed, Preserved or Fresh Fruit it is ~ delicious, and it may be whipped or used for all culinary or confectionery purposes. ~ ~. ~! . . . . Containing no preservative; it is excellent for Children. >~~~~~~~m VOL. IV, No. 9 FEBRUARY, l928 Are Saints Born Such? How Parents should exercise their authority if they wish to preserve it. (Continuation of November, 1927) 3 - Parents, watch your children and don't permit them to associate with unruly companion~ disobedience is contagious! CHILDREN, PLAYING TOGETHER, talk together and the chief topic of their conversations certainly is their daring exploits, especially those which other children, their companions, do not dare to do and are not doing. So, an unruly child will talk about facts of its disobedience, its ways of deceiving its parents, its success in escaping punishment, its fearlessness of its parents, its contempt of parents who do not permit what itself is allowed to do, and even of its own parents for what they forbid it to do. All the time the obedient child -your child-hears this exciting talk. It feels small in presence of one .who to little eyes must look like a hero, a daredevil, a superbeing. It feels an attraction to imitate the naughty companion, so that in turn it may tell stories that make its companions wonder. In one word it begins to crave for things you have forbidden. The naughty child, with an air of superiority, will mock your own child, because it is such a coward as to obey, even when the parents atie absent. It will humiliate your child before others, calling it a baby, etc., which your good child, in its childish thoughts and ways, wants, at all price, to avdid and forwhichitissoonready to do the forbidden act. Nay, the naughty companion wiill invit:e your child to accompany him to the place you have interdicted and to do the things you have forbidden. Where is the child, in the presence of such al258 lurements, who will resist? In this way, your good child will disobey once, twice, etc .... and soon a habit of disobeying is formed. Let us suppose that, on first meeting wlith the naughty child or children, your own child does not begin disobeying at once. Nevertheless their conversat;ons must bring a fatal result. The parents of the naughty children may permit what you deny: already this may, 1 in the course of the childish conversation, make your child feel a grudge against you. Will your child not be inclined to ask: Why he is not allowed to do as other children? Will he not f;ee in you a tyrar.t who permits nothing, while other children are allowed to act more freely and enjoy themselves? Such thoughts, such inner criticisms, do they not decrease the feeling of respect for your authe>rity and open the way to disobedience? The naughty children, companions of yours, will not fail in their conversation to criticize your strictness, and they will praise the broadmindedness of their own parents who permit what you forbid. Again, such conversaition fatally decreases your children's respect for you and your authority. Parents, watch the companions of your children and if you hear that they are disobeying their parents, or doing actions you forbid, it is nigh time of forbidding your children their company, otherwise, you soon will see changes in your own children. And if you detect a naughty child among the friends of your children, or if one of your own children disobeys, profit by this occasion to give your children a lesson. How? Show your children foe meanness of disobeying, and its fatal consequences. Speak of the ingratitude of the delinquent; of what tlhe parents did and are do· ing for that child and how it, nevertheless not only refuses to give its parents pleasure but causes them sorrow. Speak of the sin that a disobedient child commits against God. Have stories and facts ready, by preference taken from Holy Scripture, the word of God, that relate the bad consequences and ev.en visible punishments of God that followed disobedience against parents. Speak of Absalarn who revolted against his father, King David, and how, while flying, he was caught by his hair in the branches of a tree and killed. Spea.\ of t:he sons of Heli, who disobeyed their father by stealiP_.g, and tell your children how these disobedient children were slain in battle as a punishment for their sins of stealing and disobedience. At this occasion, remember that the sons of Heli continued their naughtiness because Hell was too weak to forbid their sins, and contented himself by simply rebuking their sacrilegious thefts, for which he himself was severely punished by God. Relatefacts of families you have known, or perhaps you know among your neighbors, who are unhappy because the children are unruly. But this is only a negative part of the lesson, to be given at the time of some disobedience observed. Speak tlms also of the advantages of obedience. Speak of the blessings. of "a long life on earth" promised by God to children who respect their parents. This long life means special blessinf!s bestowed by God upon those who respect their parents. You certainly know happy families in which the parents and children are of one spirit. Pro£it by this sight of ha;ppiness to show your dhildren hdw that peace and joy depend on the obedience of the children. A Hindu had requested a Catholic layman to show him the church, and to give him some idea about the teaching of our faith. To this the Catholic readily agreed, so at the appointed time these two might have been seen wandering round the church. Here let it be noted that the Hindu was most respectful. We need not dwell on each particular of their conversation, for the only point that interests us is the remark made by this good man, when he heard of the Catholic belief in the Real Presence. "Do you really believe" he asked, "that the One True God dwells in that small recep259 Let the children draw their own conclusions. In their conciences there will speak a voice that says: "Such punishments as you have heard, may befall you, in case you disobey your parents'', or, "suoh rewarids will be yours if you obey your parents". They know that God sees them everywhere, and notes their obedience and disobedience; and consequently, as a story is easily remembered, the lesson by examples of disobedient and obedient children, will easily be remembered and be a powerful stimulus to avoid punishment and deserve rewards. that are sent from Heaven, for their respectful obedi:ence. While citing these examples of Holy Scripture, parents prove once more that parental authority comes from God, and that by the authority of Gad they uphold theirs. tacle, which lies on what you call the altar? Well, the least I can say is that if I could believe the same, I should never enter this church, except on my knees." Aunt: "Elsie, Why don't you eat your egg?" Elsie: "I don't Want it." Aunt: "When I Was your age I should have been glad to have that egg." Elsie: "Perhaps it was fresh then, auntie." 260 The Martyrs of Japan February 5 About forty years after the death of St. Francis Xavier, a persecution broke out in Japan and all Christian rites were forbidden under pain of death. A confraternity of martyrs was at once formed, the object of which was to die for Christ. Even the little children joined it. Peter, a Christian child, six years old, was awakened early and told that he was to be beheaded, together with his father. Strong in grace, he expressed his joy at the news, dressed himself in his gayest clothing and took the hand of the soldier who was to lead him· to death. The headless trunk of his father first met his view; calmly kneeling down, he prayed besidethecorpse, and, loosening his collar, prepared his neck for the stroke. Moved by this touching scene, the executioner threw down his sabre and fled. None but a brutal slave could be found for the murderous task; with unskilled and trembling hand he hacked the child to pieces, who at last died without uttering a single cry. Christians were branded with the cross, or all but buried alive, while head and arms were slowly sawn off with blunt weapons. The least shudder und<1r their anguish was interpreted into apostasy. The obstinate were put to the most cruel deaths, but the survivors only envied them. Five noblemen were escorted to the stake by 40,000Christians with flowers and lights, singing the Litanies of Our Lady as th~y went. In the great martyrdom, at which thousands also assisted, the martyrs sent up a flood of melody from the fire, which only died away as one after another went to sing the new song in heaven. Later on, a more awful doom was invented. The victims were lowered into a sulphurous chasm, called the "mouth of hell" near which no bird nor animal could live. The chief of these, Paul Wiborg, whose family had been already massacred for the Faith, was thrice let down, thrice he cried, with a loud voice, "Eternal praise be to the ever-adorable Sacrament of the Altar." The third time, he went to his reward. REFLECTION.-If mere children face tortures and death with joy for Christ, can we begrudge the slight penances He asks us to bear? "Advertising surely pays." what happened." "How so?" "You got it back again." "We lost a mongrel pup and guess "No-we got two better dogs." 261 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ·~·~·~·~~···~·~······~···~· H H H So Speak· the Wise.... H t• t• H and the Young Heed the Lesson/ H tt tt ·~······~······~~·········· ·~~····~··~··~~·~·········~ tt tt tt 331. Providence provides for the provident. tt tt tr ·H 332. As brisk as a bee in a tar-pot. tr 4i £L f~ 333. Throw him into a river and he will come t~ ·H up with a fish in his mouth. tr 1t 334. A hedge between keeps friendship green. 1t tt 335. He that goes a great way for a wife is either tr tr cheated or means to cheat. tr tt tt tr 336. Kings and bears often worry their keepers. tt ~i 337. A cool mouth and warm feet live long. 1t tr 338. Of all meat in the world, drink goes down tr ·H the best. tt tt tt tr 339. God deliver me from a man of one book. tt tt 340. We are all Adam's children but silk makes tt tt the difference. t t tt 341. A cut purse is a sure trade, for he has ready it tt money when his work is done. it tt 342. Better bend the neck than bruise the foreit tt head. it ·H 343. Usurers Uve by the fall of heirs, as swine H 1t by dropping of acorns. 1t ·H 344. The noisiest dhtm has nothing in it but air. it tr H· H· 345. He who will .not be ruled by the rudder H tt must be ruled by the rock. H 262 Letter of Rev .. Fr .. M .. V anoverbergh Missionary of Kabugaw, Apayaw Dear Benefactors of the Apayaw Mission, ALTHOUGH the Reverend Editor of The Little Apostle persists in adding a superfluous Eat the end of my name (which is long enough as it is, without the need of any further additions), there can be no doubt that the cate::bist in question is intended for my m'.ssio::i. But, to tell the truth, I could hardly believe my eyes. That is certainly some help (excuse the slang, as I cannot very well express my meaning otherwise). A cate:hist! For a year. Only in Heaven will you be able to understand what that means. It cannot be counted in pesos and centavos, as it represents su:h a tremendous amount of immortal souls, that will have a chance to be saved through your mediation. This cate ~hist, who by the vmy is now on duty at Ripang (called by governm~nt officials, Conner), and his name is Pio Laberinto, not a labyrinth though. but an easy road to follow, pointing straight to Heaven .... , this catechist will teach children every day, he will make friends with them. and ti~ rough them with their mothers, and when the wife is inte . rested the husband has to follow, and so gradually he will be able to introduce the missionary to people, who were either too shy, or even adverse to meeting him. And these will attract others, and the children will marry in due time an<l found Christian fami[es, and little by little paganism w:ll go the way of all flesh, and we shall have a Christian district where formerly Satan reigned supreme. I deem it unnecessary and superfluous to off er you my thanks. My daily prayers at the Altar will see to that, and Our Lord Himself will show His tl-anks to you and remunerate you in a way we can scarcely imagine, far from trying to emulate it. Anyhow I invited a native orchestra to celebrate the happy event. But the better to see the importance of the donation, let us look at the subprovince of Apayaw, which is taken care of spiritually by Rev. Father J. Poot and myself. I have been so busy writing etnologically about the Negritos that the readers of The Little Apostle might forget that I am a missionary and that I have one thind of the Mountain Province under my jurisdiction. From Aparri, Cagayan to Claveria, Cagayan and from Tuao, Cagayan to Solsona, I. N. and to Anayan, Abra: whatever lies between is my territory. Last year I passed the Cord Hera to go to Laoag, I. N., and last March I dropped into Abra, coming back by way of the Kalinga Subprovince. And the roads? Just a few miles of trails where horses can get along. All the rest has to be done by canoe or raft, shooting dangerous rapids at every turn, or more frequently hiking along imposs;ble paths, clinging with one's hands to some rock overhanging a precipice and trying to push one's big toe into some crack or crevice. But God protects His missionaries. When climbing and going down steep slopes is out the question, and level ground is encountered, we wade in mud knee deep or pass through forests infested by leeche.s. Fortunately the numerous crocodiles have had the 263 splendid idea to become timid, and generally crawl away at our approa-::h. And the people? The whole western sec:tion is inhabited by Isneg or Apayaw, formerly terrible headhunters, but very pea:eful at this time. The eastern portion is occurpied by Iloko settlers and Negritos. The South, where that famous cate ~hist is worki ng, claims three languages, Ibanag, spoke,n by Christian Cagayan settlers, Isneg and Kalinga. If we keep on travelling from pla-e to place, we can barely see all our people once a year, so you see that the missionary alone cannot do the work, withoutthehelp of faithful and zealous catechists. With the splendid addition of Mr. Laberinto, I have two catechists now, one in the center and the subject of your bounty, in the South. Now you will excuse me for saying that I should have at least 5 more to be able to do some efficient work. You see you gave me a taste of that catechist stuff, and, as I relish it so much, I am hankering for more. We have, for the moment, six large municipal districts: Kabugaw, where we gometimes reside, has a catechist and will soon have a little chapel. But it is so large, that we need at least two catechists, instead of one, the second one residing at Karagawan, for instance, half a day from here. Ripang has its chapel and its cate· chistr (now at least, through your 264 unbounded generousity, thank you). Then we have Namaltogan and Bayag (which means "late" in Iloko), both wholly inhabited by Isneg, where f1e Methodists l:ave made an inroad and are trying to sow .... , well, you know what kind of seed. Then Tawit and Allakapan, f'.Jll of Cloristians and: Negr;tos. Most Christians belonged to the Aglipayan Church, but a good many have come back, and tl:e rest are just waiting for the opport :nity to be told to do so. We are living in a shack and we do not mind it. But what we mind is to see so many people without the benefit of Christian education. And this will be a sufficient guarantee of our gratefulness toward you, who made it possible to evangelize more f10rougl:ly at least one part of 0 11 r immense territory, a gratefulness which shall only end in death, or rather will be more keenly felt and better able to express itseli in Heave,n. This s11ould be a gratifying consolation to all of you, our dear benefactors, who no doubt have to make a good many sacrifices to keep up such noble work. Good-bye. Father M. Vanoverbergl'. P. S. Up to now only one reader of The Little Apostle had given me monetrury help, and she is from Za:mboanga. That looks like both ends of the Philippines meeting, doesn't it? A renewed thanks to her t11rough The Little Apostle. Two Future Popes in the Kitchen One morning, a number of years ago, a young priest in spectacles arrived at the Bishop's palace in Mantua, Italy. He ascended to the Bishop's apartment, and knocked. Nobody answered. Going cautiously in, the priest found himself in the presence of the Bishop, who was holding a coffee pot in his hand. "Monsignor, I am a priest passing through the city'', said the visitor. "I have just offered the Holy Sacrifice in the cathedral and did not wish to leave the ciqr without paying my respect to Your Lordship." "You have just said Mass", responded the Bishop, "then you have not had breakfast? I shall be delighted to have you eat with me. Come and help me with it", said the Bishop. "My sister who generally does the cooking, is late returning today, so I had to manage alone. You will not mind giving me a hand .... " And the Bishop who was Monsignor Sarto, the future Pope Pius X, still with the coffee pot in his hand, went into the kitchen where he was followed by the priest who was none other than Achille Ratti, our present Holy Father, Pope Pius XI, and the two futtu-e Pontiffs prepared their breakfast together. This little incident was told in 1926 when death claimed the faithful sister of the sainted Pope Pius X. 265 Vacation Echoes? A T:>-t>e of a strong man of Bontok. M y EIGHT YEARS sojourn in the Islands Metropolis codd not fail to forge in my heart a high-spirited and glowing desire and eagerness to see "home" once more, and one understands this better when he takes into consideration the fact that I left Bontok, my natal village, right on the eve of my teens. So, when my eyes again feasted on old Bontck, the haven that prides itself with all the unsullied scenery of a virgin nature and of ever-watchful ramparts forged and raised by no other hand than that of the Almighty, diverse sensations and numberless m'Jsings took hold of my soul during my fleefng vacation days. I was, of course, partly out in the mountains of old for rec iperation and reinforcement of my limbs and mind, after a long grilling school year, but meanwhile, as is always the cas.e with youth, adventure and observation floated .in with the tide of my rest. From the deepest recesses of my young memory, there looms up an undeniable fact that the Bontok of my early boyhood has 266 -. l ndergone many vic'ssitudes. Materially, the old home town now basks in and enjoys some of the modern world's l· xuries and comforts-the electric I=ght, the r utc-mobile and the truck, pretty well tended streets and roads, etc. But this 1 xury and comfort seem to be only for the individual who is breathing the air of civilization-the educated and c ltured -and not for the man who still, decidedly, wears the G-string, and not for the woman who still contents herself with no other dress but the tattered or de~ent "lufid". Of the collared man End stoc1<inged woman, there is nothingat least on the viewpoint of civilization and all that the modern world entails-to comment on than to say ia passing th'3t both t'1ink and act in the same cqtegorical aspect and manner as their 1 , wl~ nd brothers and sisters. It is needless to sqy that ~pain hrd to undergo various C'1 rrents of decades and decades of years before she saw the blossoming buds. flowers and fr its of her grand labor: the ch.ristianization, civilization and edu-a tion of +he m11n who today airs the ra ne Filipino. Th mother coui1try hid to ~end hundreds l"nd tho-'rnnds of Mi'>Sionaries to preach tl- e go!"pel of Jes us Cllrist to, the then. pal!an and superstitio--s immi!lrated Malay. The result? 0 11 r boast of beim: the "only Christian nation in the Extreme Ori0 nt." B · t this well-merrited boast still bears a rent that must be patched before the claim, "Only Christian nation in the Extreme Orient" can be made whole and l nrentable. The Mountain Province f. i. still gropes in the abysmal gloom of pagan ignorance. As it took years for Spain to inculcate her western civirzation and cult!lre into the hearts of our forefathers and to rescue them from the blinding svpersfaions of paganism, so, rnless God hastens the task, it will take long years for the self~denying, for the indeed: "Nil mortalibus ardui est" Missionary to accomplish and finish what Spain had to abandon, and leave unfinished, when the shift of events forced her, 'in 1898. to bring down her colors before the Stars and Stripes. Little Belgium, on req11est of Rome, has sent hermagnanirnous and stout-hearted sons and danghters-men and women who deny themselves fhe ease and comfort of home-to undertake the conversion of the Igorrot,e of the fair Philippines. Eight pioneers, after many weary days of sea travel were landed on the Island's soil in Manila sometime in 1907. Twenty years of ardu01Js labor and hand privations bore ab11 ndant fruit, in converts for God and Ch,,rch as well as for our country. but what are they compared to the thonsands still left in the darkness of paganism and Beelzebub? The Good Shepherd needs must take pains to travel through brambles and thorns to seek, gather and claim these into His tender and zealous care. An aching feeling, mingled w;th sorrow, s Jrged in my breast when I reached my town, as then I folly real:zed the present predicament of my own people,my own fathers and mothers, my own brothers and sisters. Years ago, when I was a school chikl on the convent at the Catholic Mission, I had no idea of the sad plight of the bulk of my tribes-men. And today, reluctantly I must admit the bare and gaping truth that nine tenths are living in the same primitive conditions of life, as I left them, when I started for Manila: the same sooty and groundfloored and cogon-roofed dwellings shelter and house them after the hard toils of the busy day. The same pagan c·.;stoms and ideas and practices, remain rooted in their daily life. Of these customs, ideas and practices, the Missionary's labor succeeded in underminilng some and among their converts, but not entirely and among all. He has still a vast task to accomplish and for such a great labor he naturally lodks to his fellow-men and to our country-people for aid. The ''kaniaw" still holds its premiership in the heart of the Igorrote and it happens that baptized souls succumb to this inveterate pagan custom that keeps him in the slavery of our sworn enemy. But on the other hand it 267 is also consoling to see, hear and know that there are scores who endeavor to do away with the kaniaw-the salt of the Faith keeps them robust-so that even on their deathbed, they hold doggedly and stub'bornly at bay the tender promising solicitations of those around for a "chutchut" or Maiigmaiig "or Saii.gfo". The kaniaw, it must be noted, is one of the greatest obstacles which the Missionary has to undermine: He has to exert all the influence and persuasion of his wit to !induce the lgorrote to stop the practices of the pagan religion in honor of the devil. Those, familiar with the ins and outs of the Mountaineer, know very well what the kaniaw is and wh8''t important role it plays in'the life of the pagan. In itself, and from the standpoint of Christianity, it is a superstitious and idolatrious practice and ceremony; it is an offering to the evil spirit; it consists of a cliicken, or pig, or carabao killed an!d consumed at the slightest prognostic of sickness or other evil. When the kaniaw assumes itself into a gjrand scale, chickens, ipigs, an)d carabaos are slaughtered in great number, not counting many cavans of rice. The effect, of course, of such kaniaws tends to itripaverlish the lgorrote. Today, the Igorrote realizes the im'pot1tance of fhe hospital. He begins to appreciate. the value and power of medicines; he sees that a wound and a sickness can 268 Types of the Bontok women. be healed and cured w,ithout akaniaw and that he needs not kill his last chicken, or pig, or carabao and even make debts to buy some animals for slaughter at the pagan feast. to save himself from the spirit that causes diseases. Yet, it must not be presumed that he does away entirely with the kaniaw because he senses the beneficiary effects of the hospital-far from it-he will revert to the kaniaw 1lime and again. And none can dissuade him from this pagan praotllce, save and only save the soothing balm and edi.fyi1i.g influence and tranquil environment of the True Fold. This then is the reason why I asserted that the kaniaJw is a great obstacle, a great stone wall, that stands on the rugged path of the Missionary. Another force, which the Mission Field ofBontok has to contend with, is the "olog". I am not at all aware of any existence of the "olog" system fo the other parts of the Mountairt Province, like Benguet or Ifugao, etc. Hence in justice rt:o them, they must be excluded from whatever criticism the olog draws to itself. I guess my old home, Bontok, alone can shoulder the brunts of just critidisms that are heaped on the "olog". Only I trust and hope that the day wiill come when the olog shall be brushed out of existence and all its memories cast into the pool of oblivion. The "olog" is a small building, rectangular jn fonn on the ground and tniangular in front and rear; in some cases this shape is somewhat modified. Ventilation is altogether wanting, except through the entranoe which is Qftentimes closed when the inmates are in. The cogon-roofing noses the very earth itself. The height is rarely a normal person's stature. The length does not exceed ten feet and the width at the most is less than seven feet. Entrance is by a 269 "s;de strnke" as you shove yourself in. When in, you have to stoop if your height demands it, otherW'ise, you smear yourself with the thick soot that adorns the inside roofing. Its full house capacity goes no further than twenty persons. Such is the rough sketch of the "olog". Cleanness naturally will shrink at the idea of making a night's bed in that place where the toil-worn Bontok maiden spends her well-earned rest at night. To be continued. Mission News & Notes Kiangan. Father De Snick writes: One sometimes reads in the Little Apostle an appeal for a chapel for some outpost of a mission. A sceptic may ask what the use of a chapel can be in a remote plaice, amidst pagans, who understand nothing either about God o.r about His doctrine. Let me give a concrete example of what a use a chapel has been. Yesterday, the 8th of December, the feast of the Immaculate Conception, we celebrated the feast of the Patron Saint of Mungayan, with alJ the pomp and splendor that were most attractive to the people. Here is the program: In the afternoon of the 7th, distribution of prizes for boys and girls who had passed successfully their examinations in prayers. 2-Games with prizes. 3-Ifugao dances without prizes. 4-A general prize consisting in a hearty supper for all the "ilus· trados" of the town. 5-After the banquet ,a conieert of fifteen numbers, (The first ever given in the mountains of Mungayan). Result: a continuous smiling on the faces of all and a bounding happiness in every beating heart! 270 December 8th. More than t'hirty people received Holy Communion. The Congregation sang the "Misa de Angelis" to the great astonishment of man,y pagans who had entered the already packed chapel. After Mass, procession with the statue of the J mmaculate Conception and blessing of the ricefields. This is an item of every year's Patron feast. What I h'ave observed is that every year the people coming to the festivities, in increasing numbers wear clothes and take greater interest in the C hr i s ti a n customs. The chapel of Mungayan was blessed by Father Moerman, three years ago, in October, 1924. Since that time 190 baptisms were administered in the chapel, of course the greatest number to little children, twenty five of those babies dying afterwards, and thus going to heaven from where they watch their parents and country people. Since the first of January 1927, until the 8th of December, the chapel was visited thirty times by the missionary; he heard 580 confessions and distributed 570 Holy Communions. One of the greatest events that took place in the chapel was a burial, for a christian funeral is much opposed to the customs and superstitions of the Ifugaos. Eight marriages were blessed in that same chapel. Mungayan is a small plaice. To give you a concrete eixample of what use a chapel in an outpost of a mission is, I could have selected that of other chapels Which have given even better results; but as yesterday it was the Patron feast of Mungayan, and today I am tired, I kept myself busy while resting by sending these few lines tO' the Little.Apostle, so that the benefactress who presented the Mungayan chapel with a beautiful statue of the _Immaculate Conception, may have a chance to learn of what is done around and before her generous gift; that benefactress is a Filipino nurse in Hong-kong. A Good-Natured King On one occasion Philip II. of Spain had spent many hours of the night in writing a long letter to the Pope, and when it was finished, he gaye it to his secretary to be folded and sealed. The secretary, being half asleep, poured, as he thought, sand over the sheet in order to dry the ink-as was customary before the invention of hlotting-pnper -but was thoroughly awakened and horrified as well on discovering that he had covered the paper, not with sand, but with ink. The King without eYen an impatient exclamation, remarked, "Here i~ another sheet of paper,'' and began the letter over again. 271 The Song~ of a People Igorrote Customs in East Benguet by Rev. Father Claerhoudt Jl.,fissionary, Bokod, Benguet Copyrighted L ie. 3 43 x Pe-chit Continuation IV T he next morning more and more people in long blai::k, lines des::ended towards Pidjaga. Each and all were in a festive mood, and their laughing brown faces disappeared under ripples and pearls of dripp:ng perspiration; but s1.:one with happiness and joy because they were going: to the feast, the "Pe-chit" of Busilan. "Akou," the sun, rose majestically above the glimmering peaks in the itv.i~ sky. In front of B'-1silan's house lay fat hogs securely tied by their feet and around them skipped the dancers in an uninterrupted tempo. There reigned deafening noise: the metallic tinkling of the kalsas and the somber humming of the sdibaws mixed with the shouting and singing of the drunken men and the atob songs of the women, accompanied by the yelling and screaming of the hogs an<l the ordering and answering of running busy servants and maidens.... In the meantime the mambunung proceeded with his solemn duty. He took the string of pearls from th neck of Kadjat, lay it in a small rattan basket, placed it on his tousleid head and, swinging some leaves of an overgrown diew-diew plant, he made the sorcerer's dance round the hogs, in front of 272 the hut. He called the souls of Busilan and Kadjat and he ordered t hem to take a place near Le necklace in the basket on top of his head .... As soon as the souls of Busilan and his wife Kadjat had enternd the basket, the mambunung took it from his head, held it with both hands before him and called Kabunian the divinity, bidding him to come to him and take part in the feast, and he offered to Kab'.lnian the heavy hogs to be slaughtered that day as a sacrifice of honor and gratitude. Busilan and Kadjat entered their house. while, the mambunun5 snatched a few bristles from the back of t'~ e fattest hog, scratched sdmething with a small rattan stick ot.t of the ear of the beast, and hrol;ght these two powerful talismans into the house .... As if this had been the signal expected, the yolJng men jumped atthe hogs, separated them, sharpened their p-- nches, sprung at any of the hogs they could get in touch with, and had soon driven the;r rattan into the hearts of the s1 Jffering animals. Pitiful screams caused by the sharp pain echoed thru the air, followe:d by a weakening groan, and then the boys, besmirched with blood, turned their victims , over the scorching flames of a few logs to burn the hair and bristles of the heavy beasts. In the meantime the dances were going on uninterruptedly, the people were drinking ricewine, the men were singing their badiews and the women in small groups repeated the songs of the men. The burning noon S" n poured its glowing fire into the Pidjaga valley; it was as if the slopes of the surrounding moi·ntains were all afire, but the feasting crowd confn:·ed eating, drinking and dancing withod interruption in honor of Busihn. while their dusty faces dr:pped with black perspiration. Late in the afternoon, when the shaddws had already lengt11ened, many small gro"ps of the well filled g··ests left and went home, heavily loaded with baskets f -11 of meat, some bleeding and fresli, and some boiled: this was the part reserved for those at home who had not been able to eome to Bus;lan's feast. Dasang too would have liked to go home. b11 t Kat6odan was so far away .... and she did not see a chance to say goodbye to B··silan who was sitting inside tlie ho"se .... and Ti-lling while runnin~ to and fro had told her: "Motlier, wait untill tomorrow." So, she remained. The next morning, the day of th•e "Baiigon no exol", the mambunung whispered a few prayers and exorcisms over the sturdy neck and big throat and over the tail of the fai!test hog slaughtered the day before. and which h~vd been preserved for the feast of t111e fourt11 day, and all the rich people of the neighboring villages who had remained until now, again did honor to the banquet .... W hile t .le servants prepared tl e sl· ughtering of more hogs, the dance was resumed in front d t ,:e house. B ·silan sat inside ar .. d drank tapoy, he drank cool ricewine: in his half closed watery eyes shone an undescribable satisfaction at the success of his "Pechit." - "B· silan" Tuling said while entering the house, "Mother wou1d like to go home beca se Kat6odan is far from here and the way thru Bauk6 and Balalee is fatiguing." Bt·silan shook his head as if to say: "No", arose, stumbled outwards to the place where the old men were sitting and sat down near Palsied, -Amares, Dagsul and Dangtiben. - "Bring another jar of tapoy" he shcuted and he called Dasang and ordered her to sit down near him, in tl-e circle. -"Tuding!" B" silan shouted. -"Okeissa!" This last was Busilan's daughter. -"Agik.... brethren" Busilan said: "I have to tell you something that fills my heart to the hrim. I have to tell you something I have been thinking over in the depth of my heart. Everybody crawled a little nearer old Busilan. He continued: -"A year ago came to my house hel'e Tuling, the child of 273 Siano who died on Apoonaan. You all knew very well Siano who died on Apoonaan." -"Yes" said all f1e old men, "We knew Siano, and .... " -"Here is his wife: here is his widow, Dasang, whom I called to take part in our feast. Now, brethren, I have to tell you something. Tuling her child served me here for more than a year.... to earn something with which to pay off all the expenses of Siano's death and burial. I have seen T uling at work and all t' .at I ordered him to do, he did it with courage and l~e took care of my things as if they had been his own. My heart and my mind went to him, because he was active, because he was good and because I- e lovEd his mother .... and therefore, brethren, I will tell you what I have planned, and I know, for you are all men of brains and heart, I know you will approve what I am abo1 1t to declare .... " In the meantime the tapoy jar made the round and the old men took a deep drink of the gorgeous wine of honor. -"I know, Tu ling is poor, for Siano possessed nothing on Apoonaan, but Tuling has a couple of arms on his body and his heart does not know any pride. I de· sire to make Tuling my child and the husband of my daughter .... -"Magteng Busilan .... tliat is well, that is good, Busilan'" nodded all the old men present and each -274 one of them had a few words to say about the clever tho.:ght of Busilan. Tuling sat speechless ·at their side, intently looking to the ground: his heart was beating to bursting. Dasang, his mother, hid her face with both her hands and nervously shook her head from right to left and from left to right: no .... ! no ... .! no ... .! -"Abwadek! Bainko! No!.. .. no!.... no!.... I am ashamed", she stammered "no .... that can not.. .. we are deadly poor .... anchi Busilan .... no, Busilan .... that can not ... . kaasiannak ni abwadek a kaasi ... . have pity on me, a great pity!. .. . no, that can not .... that may not.. .. ? But B~ silan who had foreseen S'..l.ch an answer, sought in his mind the nicest examples and the strongest reasons to overcome her resistance: the other old men r elped him and they sustained, strengthened his arguments and, at abo·it noon, Busilan struck up the nicest badiew song of the sweetest joy he had ever intonated in his long life, for Dasang powerless had consented and 0keissa would become Tuling's wife .... ~-";JG"' The next day, the feast continued: it was the feast day in honor of the departed: the mambunung exorcised the hog to be slaughtered and, the whole day, the spirits of tbe dead joined the dances on the busy yard of Busilan's house. The next day, aftet another exorcism of tlhe mambunung, and while all the kalsas and sulibaws echoed far and high in the distance, the skulls of all the animals slaughtered were suspended with "agwi", rattan, under the roof, above the entrance. I mai-kanem: the sixth day of the "molmol", the dance did not stop, but, the seventh day, tl'e sulibaws and the kalsas were quiet. In the meantime, Dasang and her daughter Aminga had long arrived on Kat6odaan and her heart rtimained heavy because of what happened at Pidjaga, but .... yes.... its inner fibers v!brated with joy on acoount of her son, on account of her Tt• ling who would marry Okeissa, the daG ghter of rich Busilan of Pidjaga. The eigth and ninth day, again hogs were slaughtered in B· .·silan's yard and two days and two nights the people drank and ate and danced. The same happened once more on the twelfth day. On the fiftieth day, while everybody was busy feasting and dancing, Busilan left for the mo·mtains to acoamplish the: precepts of the "Pe-chit": a whole day and whole night, he wandered around in the hills, thinking about the glorious happenings at his home. On the third day, when he heard the drumming of the s11 libaw near his house, he came down from the mountains, carrying on his shoulders a few pine branches entirely barked and nicely stripped. Goming at the river, he dived in the cool water, let his body dry in the warm sun and then he came home where everybody welcomed hi:m and did him great honor. Two days later he celebrated the "kappi'', the la3t and slaughtered a few hogs. The next da\y, he gave the "sepnak ni kappi", the last hogs' slaughtering, the closin,g feast: this was the last and the end of his "Pe-chit." Again a whole year had passed .... The ceremonies, the "iigilin" of Tul;ng's and Okeissa's marriage were over. Busilan lived happily on Pidjaga, for Tuling worked and toiled in the ricefields, took care of the cattle in the Hair As Is. - "Why don't you hob your hair"? "I can't decide on the style," answered Miss Cayenne. "I don't know whether to have it look like a whisk broom or a feather duster." Never since I have known Jesus Christ, has anything created appeared beautiful enough to look after it with desire. Lacordaire. 275 mountains and Kabunian, the divinity, gave life and growth to all what was sown and planted. Dasang remained still with Aminga on Kat60tdaan, but her heart was quiet and withO'Jt anxiety: the debts were paid .... she had off e:red a feast in honor of Siano whose sov 1 was wandering on the Polak and the time passed away in an endless variation of plodding in the ricepaddies on the slopes of the mountains during the scorching days of the harvest and the grey weeks of torrential rains at the time the rice was growing .... an endless variatio1 of heavy toiling and many bodily pains, but also of feasts and amusements that made them forget all their sorrows and threw some sunshine on the somber rock and scorched desert of their pagan life with its endless miseries. To be continued. A timid man who wanted to propose to his girl but never dared finally took her to his family lot in the cemetery and said: "Wouldn't you like to be buried here some day"? No man can be master of a place without occupying its fortifications. The heart is man's fortification. Therefore to be a master among men win their hearts. Girardey. . ~ Catholic Chronicle Rome. Work has been started in St. Peter's on the construction of a monument to Pope Benedict XV, which be completed next spring. The Sacred Congregations have issued further orders prohibiting the active parti-cipation of the Czech clergy in party politics. The Holy See lately intimated thait there must be no candidacy of priests for places in the legislative bodies. Australia. The 28th International Eucharist~c Congress is to be held at Sydney, September 6 to 9, 1928, ·beginning on a Thursday and ending on a Sunday. On Friday morning of the congress there is to be a mass for the children, which 15,000 children will attend. There are to be 15 international discussions. At night there will be national discussions conduct)ed in the language of the participants. His Excellency, the Apostolic Delet ate, has Expressed t)- e desire for the fullest representation of the miss·onaryactivities ( ftheChurc11 in the Pacific. A permanent Catholic rndio broadcasting station will be established. Belgium. The General Ohristian Labor Union has just held its annual congress in Brussels. The Union counts now 168,582 members against 151.717 in 1926. A few years ago the Socialist Labor Union counted 600,000 members against 530,000 in 1927. Of the 1,000,000 industrial laborers in Belgium, some 370,000 are as yet not unionized. China. The Apostolic Delegate to China, Archbishop Constantini, has appointed Father Peter Cheng Bishop of Swan-Hwa-Fu, in Chili, as successor to Msgr. Chao, one of the six Chinese Bishops, consecrated by the Holy Father, who died several weeks ago. Father Esquenet of the Congregation of tlhie Immaculate Heart of Mary has been for months a prisoner of Ohinese bandits, while 277 his confrere Father Costenoble is held a prisoner at his home by soldiers of General Feng. England. So often did dying soldiers recover after receiving Extreme Unction, tlhat hospital nurses during the World War use<l to try to make priests believe Protestant soldiers were Catholics so that they would also administer the Sacrament to them, Father C. C. Martindale, S. J. stated at a meeting in London of disabled soldiers. He also related that army doctors use<l to ask Catholic Chaplains to take certain soldier-patients into retreat, so good an effect did it have on their health and mental condition. .Six Protestant young men who once adte<l as a bodyguard to Cardinal Bourne when he was threatened by hostile elements, have since been received into the Catholic Church. France. As it is forbidden by the French law to wear a religious dress in a school, Cardinal Maurin of Paris, to test the constitutionality of the order, has founded a society of 30 teachers who, will wear a religious garb. Millerand proposes to abolish the Combes laws against the religious orders in France, which tends to shaw that the activities of the Catholics produce results. 278 Germany. According to a census taken in 1925,ofthe 62,400,000 Germans, 40,000,000 are Protestants and 20,200,000 are Catholics. As a result of tl-.e World War, Germany lost about 5,000,000 Cat'1olic inhabitants to Poland and France. The majority of the inhabitants are Catholics in Bavaria: 100%, Westphfilia. 50%; High Silesia, 88%, and Hoi:enzollern, 94%. Hungary. A truly astonishing revival of the Catholic Faith of the whole nation in less than ten years is evident. It was once more proven by the nineteenth National Catholic Congress, held at Budapest, the carpital of the country. 250, 000 people attended the procession with the Blessed Sacrament, Catholic noblemen walking side by side with members of the bourgeoisie and laborers as brothers. It is the bolshevik invasion of a few years ago that greatly roused the Catholics of Hung<ary to a new, active life. Japan. A number of promin~mt Japanese have dedided to erect a statue in Yamaguchi in honor of Father Villon, a missionary of the Paris Foreign Missions Society, for 65 years in the Japanese mission, and the author of several works in Japanese on the history of the Catholic Church in Japan. It was owing to Father Villon's efforts that the monument to Saint Frands Xavier was recently erected in Yamaguchi. Mexico. During the past year, about 150 priests were executed, some of them in a most cruel way. According to a Mexican priest, whose name may not be revealed, the parish priest! of N .... was captured by Calles' emissaries, had his hands cut off, "so fhat he could not say Mass any longer", was brought to another town and refused by the soldiers any help a doctor traveling on the same train wanted t!o give him, and he died in a hospital from loss of blood. According to tfhe same priest, writing to his.bishop in the United States: Father N .... was arrested and taken out to be shot. His executioners invited the people to come and see a man die for Christ. The soldiers trembled at the sight of so many friends of the priest and refused to fire. An officer had to ruct as executioner. "Every one here," so writes the priest "who is not for Obregon is being arrested and many are being shot at night in the cemetery. It is the order that has been received from the Turk (Calles)." Miscellaneous. According to Father B er t 1 e from Bavaria, the name of Mary has the following origin and meaning "Mrj-mn" or "Maria· mum" was the surname of many Egyptian queens and princesses between the years 2100 and 1100 B. C. From tihis, he holds, followed tihe Hebrew "Miriam" the Aramatic "Marjam"; the Greek "Mariamme". The Jews adopted tlie name from the Egyptians but did not remember the Egyptian origin of the name and its interpretation "Beloved of Amon" or "Favorite of Amon" (the God of the Egyptians). They transformed it into their own language 279 and religious opinion as: "Beloved of God" or Favorite of God". Tchecoslovakia. The famous apostate, Father Farsky, the founder of the Tchecoslovakian national church in 1920, and who after his apostasy waged a continual war against the Catholic Church. has died, a victim of a long an1d terrible cancer. Catholics for some time hoped he would return to the Church, but during his last illness, he was continually surrounded by a bodyguard of his churchmen who prevented any priest from coming near to him. Knocking at the Gates Long ago in India thEre li ed a holy man. For seven years this good man performed many kind works. At the end of that time he mounted the three steps that took him to the doors of Paradise, and knocked loudly till he heard a voice. And the voice said: "Who is it that knocks?" "It is your servant, Lord, who seeks entrance," replied the holy man. But there was no answer, and the gates remained closed. Then the man went away, and performed many other good deeds, and for seven years lived a beautiful life work· ing for others. At the end of that time he once more mounted the three steps, and tapped loudly at the portals of heaven. "Who is it that knocks?" "It is thy slave, 0 God!" he replied. But the doors never moved. "Ah," thought the holy man, "I have been selfish. I must not think of mvself. In future I will do good for its own sake." So he went away, and for seven more long and weary years he strove to liYe a noble life, and his selfishness completely vanished. At the end of thooe seven years of toil he went up the three steps leading to Paradise, and knocked gently. And he heard the Voice, which said: "Who knocks there?" "It is your child, my Father." And the gates opened, and he walked in. 280 PoliticaL The Filipino leaders, Pre::ident Quezon and Senator Osmefta. received little encouragement in the United Stases for their immediate independence aspirations. However, both expressed satisfaction OYer the appointment of Colonel Stimson as GoYernor General, and so did the local papers of Mani!~. Later the same papers severely criticized the new Governor General for his sugge:tion that the GoYernor General should be empowered to appoint the chief executive of the Moro Province. If they had hoped that the new Governor would use only civilian adYisers, they were again disappointed when the Governor sailed for the Islands, accomp~ nied by Colonel Blanton Winship, aide to Pre ·ident Coolidge, as his legal military addser. Most contradictory news was circulated about President Quezon since he arrived in the United States, that he would become resident commissioner, that he would come back to the Philippines. that he is seriously ill at Monravia where he will stay for an undetermined period of time, that he will come back before the elections but will not actively take part in the campaign, though a candidate in the district of Tayabas to succeed himself as Senator, etc. Senator Osmefta will arriYe in Manila at the end of this month. W ork .on the maintenance, repair and construction of many important provincial roads was in serious danger of being discontinued when Insular Auditor Wright refused to release the '1"'2,716,000 approved by the Legislature, during the sine die se,sion, claiming that this last se;sion was illegal, thoui:.h the Governor General already had appro1·ed the items of that same res ion. Representati1·e Nieto, of the Nationalist tloc oppo·ed to Speaker Roxas. sailed for the United States to expo;e the grieYances of his party against the Speaker before President Quezon. A Czecho-Slornkian steamer, loaded with 90,000 guns for the Northern Chinese GoYernment, was forced to enter the harl'or of Manila, but was a llowed to continue its voyage notwithstanding the opposition made by local Chinese Nationalists and the Southern Government of China. The law imposing an increased punishment upon recidivists was first applied to an habitual thief when, for the stealing of a small amount, he wat< sentenced to eleven years. The Supreme Court maintained the inviolability of the independence of the judiciary when it decided that a justice of the peace of one municipality cannot be· transferred to another by the Governor General without the advice and consent of the Philippine Senate. The order of Director Topacio of the bureau of posts, depriving the Legionarios, a secret wcie ty, of the u~e of the mails, has been sustained by Mr. Unson, rncretary of commerce and communications. Miscellaneous. At least 200,000,000 cubic meters of , oil coYering an area of 60J squar e kilometers and reaching a dep ~ h of 30 centimeters, are annually being lost to the Philippines by the natural process of erosion. 281 Mr. Buckish withdre>v from certain pri-. ate colleges several ··scandalous t ooks, which should never have been primed at all." 8e·.·ernl municipal police forces of the Rizal Produce were placed under direct control of the constabulary because of inefficiency. Tl1e Philippine Nr t .onal Bank will begin paying its debt to the government beginning next July, according to Manager Wences!ao Trinidad. The bank owes theGo··ernment Po2,000,000. Foreign China. The most important war-lords of China have broken off their relations with the Soviets. Not so some smaller leaders in the South and the christian general Feng. Chiang-kai-shek has definitely repulsed the Reds from Canton and speaks much of waging war against Chiang-tso-lin of the North, though, seeing his difficulties with his own South, that victorious march against Peking may be postponed for a long time, Here follows what William H. Chamberlin, an American corre: pondent in the Far East explains in Current History for December last: The army of China is a business enterprise, not an instrument of national defense or aggression. The typical Chinese General is a entrepreneur who is convinced that war offers larger rewards than ordinary business. By virtue of his military force, the General controls a certain territorial area from which he squeezes all available funds, amassing handsome fortune for himself .... The Chinese soldier is also a special type not unlike the professional man-at-arms of the Middle Ages .... They are recruited mostly from the penrnment army of the jobless people who would probably be begging or starving, if military service did not offer them maintenance, plus more or less regular pay and an occasional chance to loot. For the soldier as for the General, the Chinese army is a business proposition. Mexico. After ha Ying ordered the murder of the opponents of the presidential candidacy of his friend Obregon, Generals Serrano and Gomez, CaJle3 keeps on slaying his political enemies. Virtually e\ ery man of prominence, who has favored either Serrano or Gomez, was either shot or deported from the country. As he had the constitution changed to permit ex-president Obregon to run for presidential candidate in this year's elections (the Constitution does not allow a pre,,ident to succeed himself, or serve a second term) he had it further changed to permit his friend, and after Obregon eventually himself, extending the presidential term to six years. He is said to have caused the throwing of a few inoffensive bombs at Obregon, just to justify, especially before the American eyes, his persecutions of the Catholics whom he accused 182 of the crime and furthermore to have formed a faked attempt to assassinate the American Ambassador, Mr. Morrow. Of course he discovered the plot, as he knew he would, an:i by this he was sure to win American opinion, at least rnmewhat. Accu: ed of hadng offered large sums of money to bribe some influential Americ~n , though the accusation has been denied and seems to haYe been invented by the Hearst papers, neverthele~s it looks as if Calles had taken the matter very seriously, for, almost immediately he ordered the Supreme Court to declare anti-constitutional his famous law against the foreign oil concerns. This means some powder thrown into American eye3 and as only such a powder it is taken by many who expect a revision of this decisio11 as soon as circumstances permit it. In 1928, Mexico is bound to pay the intere ·t on foreign loans of Pll 7,000, COO, and thus faces a deficit of P48, 000,000 in its budget. But Calles has started to confiscate propertie:; and has impo3ed such taxes that mean practical confiscation, of course of the properties of his enemies first, and, eventually, of others who ,~ re claiming that they will have to discontinue their industries. Not only is the money lacking for his boasted projects of irri6ation etc. but there is not e,·en enough left in the treasury to i:ay the annual federal payroll. Roumania. Re··olt imminent .... Prince Carol about to take possession of the throne, etc. such are the notices we read now and then in the papers, about Roumania, since Premier Jan Bratianu died after a throat operation, his cabinet being pre;ent at his death-bed and resigning so that the regency of the country immediately appointed Vintila Bratianu, finance minister and brother of the premier, to succeed him. The Bratianu family of banker princes have been the virtual rulers of Roumania since the days of old King Carol, father of the late King Ferdinand. Nevertheless, for a number of years, Bratianu has alternated as premier with General Avereccu, who is a supporter of the ex-Crown Prince Carol, who re3igned his rights to the throne to follow a woman he married against the will of his mother, while his legitimate wife, lll()ther of the actual little King, is still alive, blames Bratianu for his voluntary exile at Paris. In fact Bratianu lead the campaign which finally forced Prince Carol to renounce hi> right to the throne which was given to his legitimate six year old son l\1ichael, under a regency. Bratianu was a tool of French politic~. Averescu is a tool of Italian politics. In this respect it is interesting to note that Italy and Albania have made a public treaty of defensive alliance, regarded as a sharp answer to France, since it followed very closely the conclusion of a pact between France and Jugo-Slavia, styled by the Fascists as an act of aggression of Belgrade against Rome. If the new premier of Roumania will not be able to keep Prince Carol out of the country and if General Averescu succeeds, with the help of the farmer party, in engineering a civil war, the people of Roumania will indirectly fight for the political and economic interests of Italy against France, and directly against their own. 283 ~J:,C":iJJ:,C":iJJ:,\iJJ:,~~~~C":iJJ:,C":iJc.X,Tc.X,T~ 0 8 8 QUESTION BOX 8 ~cto'rcto'rcto'rctoli'.:\ili'.:\i'rcto'rcto'rcto'r~ Questions unsigned will not be answered. Anonymous letters must find their way into the waste paper basket. We will not publish the names of those who send questions. Question No. 36. - Talking about Saints and Blessed, somebody asked me, What the difference is between a Saint and a Blessed. Who of them is highest in Heaven? One answered that a Saint is higher in heaven than a Blessed. Please answer these questions and let me know whether or not a Saint, after Canonisation, possesses more merits in heaven than before. Answer. - The Imitation of Christ tells us that we Ehould not discuss the merits of Saints in heaven to satisfy our curiosity, but, as I think that you wish to be instructed in the Catholic doctrine, I will give you a short answer to your question. VI' e know that all people are judged after death and that their sentences are irrevokable. Thus at the moment of death. the time of acquiring merits stops. So, whatsoever the honors the people on earth are rendering us after death, our merits do not change and so our glory in heaven does not change. Which degree of glory shall we receive? The one we have merited during our life. Thus you see that the title of "Blessed" or "Saint" does not express the degree of glory one enjoys in heaven, and does not mean that the first is less glorious than the second. We must find the difference between Blessed and a Saint not in their degree of glory but in something else: 1. A beatification lacks the so· lemnity of a canonisation. The beatification of a person mean> that he may be in heaven, seen the miracle; operat· ed through his intercession, and that he may be publicly honored in the Church. A canonisation is most solemn and means the definitive declaration by the Holy Father that a person canonized is in heaven. 2. A Blessed may he publicly honored but only in a specified place. Order, country .... etc. while a Saint may be publicly honored everywhere. 3. Without special permission of the Holy Father, no church may be consecrated in honor of a Blessed, but may without permission of the Pope, in honor of a Saint. 4. Statues and pictures of Bles-ed may not be placed in public in a church, though tho•e of Saints may. Hoping that your desire of knowing is satisfied, let me add the adYice of the Imitation of Christ: It is better to invoke the Saints with prayers and tears and ask humbly their intercession, than to scrutinize uselessly their secrets. 284 ftAILBAG OFTHE j LITTLE A~CITlE For all ~rrespondence with "T H E LIT T LE APOSTLE" send your letter to THE LIT TLE APOST LE, BOX 1393, MANILA . Manila, February 1, 1928. Dear Readers. The self-denial week of Advent of 1927 has been as successful as that of 1926. In fact it has been more so, if we take into account that the number of those who observed it in 1927 great· ly surpas0 ed the number of members of our Association of 1926. This proves two things: that the people in the Islands read more about their unfortunate brethren of the Mountain Province and that they take more interest in their christianization. There is individual charity and what we may call "national" charity. By the first we understand the good done for GDd's sake by an individual to his neighbour. By the second we mean the good done by a nation for the benefit of a people and the glory of God. As an individual is sometimes bound to practice charity, so is a nation sometimes under the same obligation. This is the case of Catholic Philippines. A great people within its boundaries is deprived of all means to make its way to Heaven. It is therefore the duty of charity of the greater, Catholic part of the country to succor the former. As individual charity is rewarded by God, so must national charity be recompensed by the Father of all Nations. Hence let us endeavor to make the work of the Missions among the Igorrotes better known. l...-et us talk among our Catholic neighb::>rs of the duty all Christians have to cooperate with God for the salvation of all. but especially of our first duty to help the Church to spread the Gospel among those of our country who ignore its civilizing light: that Mission work in the Mountain Province, considered and d!)ne as a national duty and work, needs must bring national blessing' upon the country. Washington D. C. Dec. 9, 1927. Rev. Father Vandewalle. Enclosed please find a money order for Three Dollars, from two crusaders of the Little Flower who wish the Missions a very Happy Christmas and a New Year full of blessings. Of course, we stipulate that you keep our little offering a secret. Names. By not mentioning the ·names, we think the secret is pretty safe and well kept, but the fact that two Crusaders, until some time ago in the Philippines, send their mite from far away Washington D. C. for the Mountain Province. as alms of their self-denial week, ought to be known by the whole world. An obligation and a pledge of a Crusader is a pledge that must be kept, not only for one or two years but for the time it was taken, and we think that all our Crusaders of the Little Flower took the pledge of observing their self-denial week as long as they live or at least as long as the Mountain Province remains a Mi:;sion and needs the help of the Catholics, to become a Catholic Province. From Mis> Isabel Segovia we received a nice letter in which she announces that, though away from Manila and living near Stotsenburg, she has not forgotten her self-denial week and at the same time she renews her subscription to "El Misionero". Now, we are sure that she will send us, before long, some more subscriptions taken from among her many friends. Truly,Isabel? Alas, there are many students in our Catholic Colleges, who subscribe to Mission Magazines while in the College, but once they have left their 285 Institutes, they forget all abou.t them. Do you know who ought to be called the Queen of the last self-denial week? We can not mention her name, but we may say that she deserves that title, because, though a student in one of Manila's colleges, she could save P35, which she gladly offered as an alms for the Missions. P35 is an enormous sum for a student and it means a great sacrifice to go without it. Great will be the reward of that generous young lady. Self-denial for the sake of God should not be called such, for to deny something to ourselves in order to promote God's work means to preserve it for the coming life which is everlasting, while what we spend on ourselves, and only for ourselves, is spent forever without return. If we had only faith in God omnipotent, rewarding, and our coming eternity! Respectfully yours in C. "The Little Apostle". ' . ' •• ;.c.,. J,• <:. •~i:' : ..! In Memoriam . tABSOL VE, we beseech Thee, 0 Lord, the souls of thy servants Abundia Rayla, Carcar, Cebu: Felicidad de Guzman. ::\falaLon, Rizal; Prudencia Benguensia, Dumanjug. Cebu: Victoria Arenga, Janiuay, Iloilo: Dorotea Savedra, Xaga, Cam. Sur: Francisco l\Iag"lalang, Sta. Rita, Pampanga: Paula _\beetle, Lucban, Tayabas: Nicolasa Nai'iagas, Lucban, Tayabas: Isidro Nantes, Lucban, Tayabas; Serapia 1soler, Dumanjug, Cebu: Paula Cantelang, Duero, Bohol: Damiana de Vera, 1\'Tajayjay, Laguna: Aiejandra Robel. Majayjay, Laguna: Filomena Carganilla, Bacnotao, La Union; Maximina Capulong, Apalit, Pampanga: Ramon Tanate. Tubungan: Guimbal, Iloilo: Antonio Locsing, La Paz, Iloilo: from eYery sin, that in the glory of the resurrection among Thy saints and elect they may arise in the newness of life, through Christ, our Lord. Amen. 286 II( - ~ ~~1,:·· Continuation CHAPTER XVIII Therese's First Confession. THE TIME HAD COME for little Ther~e to make her first confession. All Catholics have to confess their sins, if they wish to have them forgiven, because Jesus has willed that sins on earth be forgiven by the·Apostles and their legitimate successors, the priests. Now, how can priests forgive sins they do not know? It would be unwise to forgive something one ignores. If then the priests must know the sins to be forgiven, it is the duty of the sinners to confess them to the priests. Paulina had taught little Therese how the priest takes the place of God in the. confessional, because there and then he exercises the right and power of Christ Himself, by forgiving sins again.st _ God. She had told her little sister that the priests are not at all allowed to reveal the sins they • learn of in confession and that, until today, never has there been a priests who has dared to manifest a single sin heard in the confessional. Little Therese examined her tender conscience for days, but not after having asked the light of °.l the Holy Ghost ·to know in what .i she had offended God's infinite Holiness~ To examine heJJ:' conscience she looked over all the commandments of God and the Church. Then she made her act of con!" trition, tears of sorrow flowing from her eyes, when she looked at the·wounds of Jesus, caused by our sins, and when she thought of Jesus, a God-man, sorry unto deal:h for our offenses. No, she would never off end Him again. She would die rather than to make Him again sorry and cause Him suffering through sins. With this sorrow and firni purpose in mind and heart, she entered the confessional, placed herself well in front of the priest, so as to let him see the frankness of her face and words, and she confessed all her little sins. Of cou:r,'se, one is not obliged to confess lvenial sins, but it is better to confess even those and all of them, rather than to have to do penance for them in this or the other life, in purgatory. Even if she had com'.~itted mortal sins, she would hav~ .confessed them, rather than to .cj>mmit a sacrilege by hiding the¥. Mow happy she was when she came out of the confessional. Now she was as pure as on the day \>f her baptism, and seen her great sorr.Ow, even all temporal punish'nerlt had been forgiven together ~t~her sins, so that, if she had dred. there and then, she would - h~e gone straight to heaven. 'l~n one can think of himself d1't way, that person needs must feel happy, is it not? Since that day Therese, more "tlfan ever, dedicated herself to the ~ice of God and the Blessed . 287 Virgin, for, a grateful heart is afraid to displease a benefactor, especially if that benefactor is God Himself. When she left the church after confession, she stood still for a few moments under a light of the street, and she looked very carefully at a small rosary she held in her tiny hands. This rosary had just been blessed by the priest in the church. -What are you looking at, darling? Paulina asked. -At my rosary, sister. It was blessed by the father, and I do not see any change in it" The little girl did not know she could not see blessings, and that in this world of matter, one has to work for heaven through faith in things the eyes can not see, and in graces that make their influence felt in our thoughts and adions. Since the day of her first confession, the little child renewed this act of penance at each principal feast of the year; not because she committ~d many slight sins, but because she wanted to purify more and more her angelical soul. Confessing sins already accused not only forgives more and more those same sins, but it takes away their temporal punishment if some was left after the first confession, and besides it confers graces to avoid these sins in the future, and thus it decreases and eradicates the evil dispositions w.hich may have resulted as a consequeUICe of the sinful actions. 288 And why did little Therese not receive Holy Communion? At that time, children made their first Communion only when they had reached a certain age which varied between ten and twelve, though during the first ages of the Chu11ch it was not so. But this 'Custom of receiving Holy Communion at said age, had crept in on aocount of the opinion that children ought to know what they receive in the Blessed Sacrament and thus to prepare themselves as well as possible. Today children are allowed and urged to make their first Communion as soon as they reach the age of reason, which varies between six and eight years, thus as soon as they reasonably can distinguish between ordinary bread and the Bread of Angels. But if little Tl1erese did not as yet receive Holy Communion, her devotion to the Blessed Sacrament was not less marvelous, for, from her father and sister she had learned and understood what the Sacred Host means: the Body and Blood of Jesus Christ, God the Son become man. This was the reason why, if she liked any feast of the Church, she preferred most that of the Blessed Sacrament or Corpus Christi. How respectfully and anxiously she looked at the Sacred Host when it was exposed in the church or shown by the priest for adoration at the consecration of the Mass. One of her greatest delights was to be chosen one in company with other little girls to throw flowers at and before the Blessed Sacrament solemnly carried by the priest during the procession on Corpus Christi. Dressed in white, with wings like a pure angel, the throwing of her rose petals seemed to announce that other throwing of other petals after her death, not towards God in the Blessed Sacrament but towards men who have a devotion to the Little Flower and the Blessed Sacrament. Two sayings of Saint Teresa of Je- great things, but to ask of it great. sus: things." "I do not fear to assert that there is nothing so useless, hideous, enervated, and wretched as the slothful reCop on Shore: "I'rn going to ar· rest you when you come out of ligious." there." "The greatest honor that God can Man in Water: "Ha, ha! I'm bestow upon a soul is not to give it committing suicide." 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HIDALGO 309 TEL. 26157 MANILA ~©©©©©~©©©©~©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©~©©©©©©©©©~ I LA CENTRAL 1 1 ® @ ~ J. Dreyfus ~ ® @ le @j ~ WATCH AND JEWELRY STORE ~, ~ @ ~ We deal in pearls, diamonds and all kind of jewels; all ~ ~ of them imported directly. We have also in stock a complete ~ ~ line of religious saints and medals in different fancy designs. ~ ~ We are dealing also in FIREARMS AND AMMUNI- ~ ~ TION. If you need any kind of firearm you can advise us ~ ~ and we will help you obtain a license. ~ ~ @ ~ Please ask for our free catalogue. ~ ® @ ~ LA CENTRAL ~ ® ~ ~ 29 Escolta, Manila ~ ~ P.O. Box 1174 Tel. No. 22112 ~ ~@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@~ de TUASON y SAMPEDRO Oficina y Depositos: GLOBO DE ORO 801-817 QUIAPO, MANILA, l. F. 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