The Young Citizen: The Magazine for Young People

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Part of The Young Citizen: The Magazine for Young People

Title: The Young Citizen: The Magazine for Young People
Issue Date: Volume 3(Issue No. 12) January 1938
Year: 1938
Language: English
Rights
extracted text: #lfJVl!aSJTY Of. tt,t- PHfLIPPJHf: ~- ' .. -·::...:;:,;,- .UftltAR" . ' .. -, .. ---.... j.'l:"/,.. .10 Centavos --==.. ,~~ - - ::=-.:::. I - - , - --==- - - This Magazine Is Approved by the Bureau of Education VOLUME 3 NUMBER 12 JANUARY 1938 • STORIES A P'e:isant Smile-Aunt Jidi(I Onl; a Crntavo . . . ....... . A Letter ircm Ginger-/J. Hill CmwVCI Caah.:d--Trn11quilino Si oy ......... . !\'!aria's Compan'.ons-R. Hill Cunci•a ....... . The Doctor and the .Mechanic-/. Prrnlrrnigui That's L no ugh Adiong . . ............ . • POEMS The New Year ::ind the O~d-Lulu dt~ la l'az.-Gabrir-l . :~1; I • CHARACTER AND CITIZENSHIP A Gcod Resolutio\f--Do!orcs Tn1s1wn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :no Are Y:u IntC'rccst d: in lthe B.isin~ss of Your i\Iunicipal Govcrnment?---:-Fmncisoo Ch1:ballo : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :n \ Pl:-n Your \Vork-;Work Your Plan-Ricardo cle la Cruz . :186 A Happy New Year-/. Paulusigui :rn2 •.HEAL TH AND SAFETY • SCIENCE AND NATURE STUDY Anto~.:o,-B'. H :u Caiw·i:a . '.f-hiS 'i.:arth of Ours ... , . : ... Our Insect Friends '11ld Foes . All About Anhmtls Our .Minor. Fore_~t_ Produds ...... . The Great·_Dijlper--B. Hill Crowvu • WORK AND Pl:.A Y The Good Rrarlen•' C:1•nt>1· ... •• .. Us; Wordf' Ci:,ncctly-Ra,: ./: f.'11gniio . Kik;:i's Adventure.~ .... ~ ................... . Sc.cid Science Section-J-frn:ecles F. /fo1ftis:u Intc1·esting Places-Foi'tu1wto A.~11116011 ..... . The Young Citizen Pantl'r-Ju/irma . . llillan .. • MUSIC The Hlacbmith-/. Al_iow.w .. :rn.1 :l77 Publi•hed monthly by the Community l'ubr~hcr~. Inc., Tel. ~-ii:!-:10. 405 P. Faura. :\1anil11. Pbllh•J>ines. Enter<'d a• Serom::! CllUll Mail ~l.itkr at Manihi. P•·~l _Offir<' nn ~1_nl' 1~. ]f1:l.i. Ilana Ed~~µf ~e~r~~dr ~ ;!t:i7w E f.1 ~:;,~~ r~ia~ia ~rtf~~i,to;;~ !~ Pp~~~i~~"~u~~~~~i \~:~~~(:~~~it~:;: ti;;,~~ (ia.•e~:.:~~~~n Price: !'3.00 for one ru.r nf 12 isRue•: S:?.M in t.hf' United Sta~"" an<t fnreip .,.,ntri.... Sinirle ca.p,.. :10 eentavoh. s .. baer&p'"""' O.n!I hi b• f!Gitl r.. c..,.,,. ..... ,,;,~ l'ubli..lwl-r•. ,.,~ T~E; MAGAZIN~ ~OR YOUNG P(;OPL!; January, 1938 THE YOUNG CJ rIZEN 361 I The Old Year is an ancient, longbearded and gray, Passing into eternity now to give wayTo the New Year so gay, so innocent and young With a heart full of laughter and happiness unsung. II The New Year is hope, the Old Year a memory, The Oid is a closed book, the New one is a discovery, The Old Year is twilight fast fading into its night, The New Year is dawn that shall bloom into its light. III Farewell to the Old Year with its laughter and te3rs, Welcome to the New Year with its hopes and its fears, Farewell to the Old Year now a fo1·gotten song, Welcome to the New Year, may it live and prosper long. -Lulu de la Paz-Gabriel 162 THE YOUNG CITIZEN Janua,ry, J98S LITTLE STORIES FOR LITTLE PEOPLE A Pleasant Smile By AUNT JULIA "Happy New Year, Kitty." Fiery skipped on to Father's room. Father was looking for a button that he had dropped and was growing impatient. "Happy New Year, Father," came a merry voice from the door. And Flery's plump face beaming with smiles appeared. After kissing Father, Fiery looked foi· the lost button. "Here it is, Father," she called as she reached for it under the dresser. "Now, I must run along to greet Grandma." WHEN FLERY opened her eyes, she found Mother bending over· Grandmother was in the kitchen. her. She was beginning to lose her temper "Happy New Year, dear," Mother over burnt oatmeal gruel when she heard was whispering. Flery's pleasant greeting. "Oh, yes, Mother, r remember. This "Happy New Year, Grandma. What iP New Year's Day." Fiery threw her a bright New Year's Day, isn't it, arms around Mother. Lola?" , "Get up early so that you will get up 'e:·rly the whole year through." Fiery sang a merry song as she went out. Grandma forirnt the burnt oatmeal in Flery's tight hug. When the family met at the breakfast table that New Year's Day, everybody "Happy New Year!" she greeted w01·e a pleasant smile. Brownie, her puppy. "Bow wow!" and Brownie leaped about. "We shall be happy the year through," quoted Fiery, "because we are all happy on New Year's Day." January, 1938 THE YOUNG CITIZEN READING TIME FOR YOUNG FOLKS Only a Centavo "THERE GOES your centavo, Brother!" cried Tony. "It roJed under the bed, there!" "Oh, never mind, it is only a centavo." Brother \\'US neve1· careful of his centavos. Tony crawled under the bed. When he c~me out, he was holding up a centavo. "It is yours," Brother said. Tony dropped the centavo into the small pocket of his pants. 363 "As soon as I have five centavos, I shall exchange them for a five-centavo piece. Then I shall drop the five-centavo piece into my savings box," Tony thought. if a centavo will do. I have seen a driver use it for tightening screws," and T~ny offered his centavo. Whistling merrily, Tony ran out to the street. A car had stalled in front The man tried the plan and it worked. After a while the car started. "That was a fine suggestion, boy." of the house. The driver was looking The man said smiling. for something under the seat. Tony looked on. "Is there anything He fumbled in his pocket. I can do for you, Sir?" "Yes. Have you a the house? I cannot "Here, take this." screw-driver in on Tony's palm. find mine just He placed a bill now." Before Tony knew what it was, the man had gone. There on his palm was "We don't have any, Sir. I wonder a peso bill. 364 THE YOUNG CITIZEN Janua,,-y, 1931J A Letter from Ginger By B. HILL CANOVA Dear Young Citizens: HERE IS GINGER writing you again. You remember in my last lette1· I promised to write yo'1 again if anything mteresting happened to me. Well, did you know that kittens lose their first teeth the same as girls and boys do? Do you remember how excited you were about the firct tooth you lost? I have started losing mine. Two have gone already. 0 1e went one evenmg and the other one the n e x t day at noon. You perhaps have noticed that kittens have two long teeth on each side, near the front of their mouths-one on the upper teeth and one in the lower teeth. The two long ones in the upper row are the first ones I lost. New ones have come in to take their place already. In fact, the new ones came in and pushed the old on£S out. They were very loose for several days, dangling about in my way. One evening Tino had a string dragging it around on the floor for me to chase. I caught one of my loose teeth in the string and out came the tooth! It didn't hurt but it makes you feel funny when the first one comes out. You feel that you have lost a part of yourself. With my tongue I could feel the new one so I didn't worry about it. The next day at noon I was trying to eat a hard Cl'Ust of bread and the second tooth dropped out. Tino has both of these teeth. I do not know what he pians to do with them. He says he is keeping them as a keepsake, in case aPything happens to me. I do not unrl0r0tand keepsakes, but I suppose girls and boys unde1·sc~nd it. Tino says my teeth look like pearl. A few other things have happened to me since I wrote you last. I think I did not tell you that I have almost no voice at all, did I? Well, I Bever have had much voice. Perhaps it was washed away in the rain the day the two ladies found me in the plaza in Jaro on that rainy day. However, I can not say for sure about that for I was a mere baby at that time. If something hurts me or frightens me very badly I can let out a sort of squeak, but never a real normal m-e-o-w like other cats. As you know kittens really. need a voice at times. There has been several times when I have needed mine rather badly. Once was the time I got locked up in the January, 1938 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 365 store-room. Someone left the door open just a little. I peeped in and it looked rather ·interesting, with so many boxes and things on the shelves. I crept in to take a look around. Very soon someone came along, and not knowing that I was inside, locked the door. With the door closed tight it was very dai·k. I tried to meow but it would not come out, so I squeaked the best I could. No one heard me so I had to sit in the total darkI screamed the best I could. This time the family heard me and all came running to my rescue. The big cat ran away quickly. I was so frightened that I could not stop trembling for a long time. The short lady took me inside and stroked me so gently to make me feel safe once more. Do you remember that I told you in my first letter about a fourteen-year-old cat that lives across the street? Since ness for ever and ever so long before writing last I have become acquainted anyone found out that I was there. with him. His master and mistress are Tino missed ·me and I could hear him gone ll"om home tor the summer so he calling, "Ginger, Ginger," but I cou1d comes over to our house for food and not cry out loud enough for him to hear milk. His name is Sammie. He is black me. Later some one opened the door tu and somewhat rusty looking. When he gEt some soap from the store-room so out was young I am sm·e he had a nice sleek I ran as quickly as I could. I could not coat. He is a rather stately old gensee very well at first. You know when tleman but isn't much fun as a playa cat is in darkness the pupil (the black mate for a young kitten like me. I part in the center of the eye) of the eye jump and leap about trying to interest gets round. When he is in bright light l'im in games but he just blinks his the pupil becomes a thin line. I had green eyes and sits silently. His chief been in the store-room long enough fo1· interest is food and a comfortable place my pupils to become round for seeing in to· sleep. His play days are over. the darkness and outside was bright day. When I am old perhaps I shall like to sit It is not comfortable for a cat's eyes to and sit, but now I do love to romp and change quickly from darkness to bright- play. Most of Sammie's teeth are gone ness. so Tino is ever so careful to make his There was another time when I was food soft and breaks it into small pieces much in need of a loud voice. It was for him. I think Tino is kind to all cats. one evening about nine o'clock. Every Something interesting happened the night just before the outside dool"S are other day. I was walking about under closed for the night I like to run out in the house to see what I could see, and the garden for a little outdoor exercise. in a box I found three very young baby One evening while I was out I saw a big kittens. I was so happy for I thought white cat jump into our garden. "How that they would soon be big enough to nice," I thought, "for this cat to come play with me. Tino saw them also and in to play with me." I trotted right up he was as happy as I to find them. The to him to say, "How do you do, and we!- next day we went back to see them again come." The white cat did not under- but in the meantime the mother cat had .stand and started to fight me at once. (Please turn to prtge 389) 366 THE YOUNG CITIZEN January, 19'88 CAULUD1 By TRANQUILINO SITOY C AULUD was an earthworm. This Caulud looked around and found that day he was crawling on wet he was standing in the middle of two ground because it had rained the crossing roads. Around him was a night before. Crawling on the wet wide, wide plain. As far as he could ground was fun for Caulud but he for- see there was no tree growing. got that the sunshine would harden the "I am in the middle of a wide plain," ground. The sun shone brightly. Soon said Caulud. the ground was dry. Poor Caulud coulrl "Ye~,'' said Magbabaya. "I have not withstand the heat. He had crawled chosen this place for you. There are too far on the ground where there was many travelers who come this way and not a plant to shade him. He could not they never reach the other end of .the bore a hole into the ground becaus2 it plain. They die of thirst and hunger. was too hard. The sun grew hotte1· Just as you were about to die. I am and hotter. Caulud said to himself, "I going to build a house in the middle of wish I were a boy so that I would not this plain where you shall live. I shall have to crawl on the hot ground." . provide you with water and food. PeoThe Great GoJ Magbabaya 2 heard ple will come along this way as usual, what Caulud said. He said, "I will thirsty and hungry. You must let them change Caulud into a boy." Magba- drink and eat." baya came down from heaven and, Magbabaya after he had said this distouching Caulud with his finger, he said, appeared but on the place where he stood "I heard what you said and I grant your was a beautiful house. Caulud entered wish. But you must be of service to the house and found much water to people." And behold! There stood be- drink and rice to eat. There were fore Magbabaya a tall slender boy. chickens in the poultry house, pigs in ' This story was originally told by an old man, Manpandong, who lives in Kalasufigay, Bukidnon. • Magbabaya is the Bukidnon name for the great spirit, the creator of all. the pig pens, goats, horses and cattle grazing in the wide plain. All of these belonged to Caulud. January, 1998 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 367 People passed that way coming from people that passed that way because he different directions. They were tired tho11ght that they would give him in reand Caulud let them rest. They were turn. thirsty and Caulud gave them drink. One day an old man came to Caulud. They were hungry and Caulud let them He was tired and thirsty. He asked eat. There was not any one who passed Caulud to let him drink and eat. Cauthat way that Caulud did not call. Jud this time had enough but when he "Come," Caulud would say to the pas- knew that the stranger was old and s~rs, "I have a house. Rest. I have poor, he turned him away. Caulud water. Drink. I have food. Eat." said, "I have been giving water and Many people went that way. They food to every one. Now I do not have did not die from thirst and hunger beanything left." cause Caulud gave them water and food. Caulud saw that the water and rice that The old man turned his back. SudMagbabaya left him were growing less clenly the beautiful house disappeared. and less every day. 'He thought, "Soon On the spot where the house stood the there shall be nothing left." Then he only thing that could be seen was an thought that he must select those that earthworm crawling with difficulty on he \l'OUld call. He called only the rich the ground. ----368 THE YOUNG CITIZEN JaniuanJ, 1!MS THE GOOD READERS' CORNER GRADE ONE GRADE THREE Last Christmas Rosa received some On New Year's day Nena said, gifts. Father gave her a peso. Mother "Mother, I will be thrifty this year." gave her a doll. Brother gave her a "That is fine, Nena." new basket. "Mother, if you will give me a cen1. Who received gifts? (Rita, Ma- tavo a day, I will save every centavo." ria, Rosa, Ana) 2. Who gave Rosa a basket? ter, Mother, Brother, Father). "And if I don't give you any money?" (Sis- asked her mother. 3. Who gave Rosa a peso? (Mother, Brother, Sister, Father). 4. Who gave Rosa a doll? (Maria,. Mother, Nora, Father) GRADE TWO Jose and Mario got money and toys for theil' gifts. Jose had two pesos. Mario received one peso. Jose bought firecrackers and candy with his money. Mario kept his money in his savings box. 1. Who received more money? Jose or Mario? 2. Who has some money now? "Then I have nothing to save," Nena declared. Is Nena right? Can you tell her how she can be thl'ifty with her things? GRADE FOUR Dan received five pesos from his godfather. He dropped three pesos in his savings box. "I want to buy a pair of rubber shoes," Dan announced. "You don't have enough money," Meynardo remarked. Dan approached his father. "Father, how much does a pair of rubber shoes cost?" "l'l.20," Father answered. 1. Was Meynardo right? 2. How much did Dan set aside for 3. Jose is (kind, good, foolish, wise). shoes? How much will Dan still have after 4. Mario is (honest, wise, foolish, buying the shoes? kind)· (Plea:;c furn to page .1.?J for the answers) Ja11it4ry, 1».fB THE YOUNG CITIZEN 369 INTERMEDIATE GRADES Using the Correct Word E. A. ZAGUIRRE • I. See how many of the blanks in the II. Test your knowledge of the meanfollowing sentences you can fill in with ings of ~ords by choosing the right exthe right words. pression in the parentheses: 1. The doctor __ medicine for his 1. Canned foods and dairy products patient. are sold at a (drug, grocery, hardware) store. 2. We listen to the priest's every Sunday in the church. 3. An old maid is often called a --. 2. At the florist's shop, we can find (flour, flowers, floorwax). 3. Rouge when properly applied im4. A married man whose wife died proves the appearance of the (cheek,;, isa--. lips, eyelashes). 4. The (salesman, accountant, cash5· A lawyer helps his -- win his ier) takes charge of the sales of the case. 6. A -- is a man who has not married. 7. We go to the -- to see various kinds of animals. 8. Men have their hair cut in the store. 5. His (ignorance, innocence) of the guilt was finally proven. 6. (Trains, ships, airplanes) stop at the piers. 7. It is the business of the (butcher, butler, batter) to kill cows and pigs. 8. We place our food in the frigid9. Different kinds of cloth, lace, aire to make it (hot, cold, soft). ribbons, buttons, and stockings can be bought at a -- store. 9. A person is (thrifty, extravagant, careless) when he spends his money for 10. Girls visit the -- __ to have only very necessary things. their hair permanently curled. • Lukban Elementary School, Manila. 10. An obedient boy acts (rudely, slowly, promptly). (Plet'lse tnrn to page 9.91 for th~ ans•t't'l'S.) >7·0. THE YOUNG•CITIZEN JMtuary, 19&8 CHARACTER EDUCATION SECTION A Good Resolution DOLORES TENSUAN • Has New Year really come? Cer- other resolution is more fitting, and tainly, yes. Shall we form New Year'; more worthwhile, and yet so easy to acresolutions again? Why not? New complish. Year without resolutions is like ChristDo you remember how Benjamin mas without toys, isn't it? Franklin saved every two pesos of his Many scornfully say that resolutions weekly earning of four peso_s? Would are made only to be broken. Perhaps he have been the great Franklin had he so, but don't you think it is much better not been thrifty enough to save money to start the year with worthwhile obfor his books, clothings, and other necjectives than without? And wouldn't essities? it be best to decide on what resolution is most important and set the heart and. Now try to recall Lincoln's story of soul on its fulfillment rather than form how he earned his first dollar. What five or ten half-heartedly prepared ones? was his first thought? To buy delicaOne good resolution? Just which cies he longed to taste? Absolutely no! To buy a new shirt to replace the tatamong the hundred is the most important? Thrift week falls in January, doesn't tered ones? Nev8r ! His first concern was how to keep it for a greater need. Yes, he did keep that first dollar and it? Well, well, there is the very thing we are lGoking for. . . . "I resolve to be soon found it very much easier to save very thrifty this year. I will develop the next one, until he. developed the the habit of saving." There it is. No thrift habit which helped him to be •Teacher, Waf::hington Elementary._ School, Manila. what he was. January, 1938 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 371 Many of you might shrug your shoul- spare a few pesos for your matriculaders and say, "Well, but I have not a tion fee and rentals for books? There centavo earning." That must not dis- you see the great necessity of saving. courage you. The very fact that you Saving is not so difficult to develop are not earning even a centavo is the as others claim. Just bear this in mind. very reason why you must be more Spend only for the most necessary and thriity in spending the pennies given to useful things. Never "pay too much you by your hard-working parents. for a whistle." How often have you foolishly spent . So work on your resolution right now. hard-earned money for things that you Tomorrow will be too late. Do you have could very well have done without? a penny? Don't lose a moment. Put Think of the world of good yoUI' sav- it in a can or a box, before the temptaings will give you when the real neces- tion to spend it gets the better of you. sity comes. Some such misfortunes as, you will find it easier to save the next father getting sick, brother meeting an penny and pretty soon you will have a accident, sister losing her job, or any of rnug little sum which you can deposit the thousand and one calamities may in a bank. befall your family. Will you have to give up a semester's study or even a Start right now. Save your centavos year's, simply because poor mother can't and never spend them foolishly. 372 THE YOUNG CITIZEN January, 1938 Maria's Companions By B. HILL CANOVA MARIA lived far, far out among the rice paddies. Her father had me every day." "But I mean lonesome for playmates. Don't you want some girls and boys near your own age to play with?" "Yes, I miss my school friends during vacation, but I have many companions in my house." "I did not know that you had an~· brothers and sisters." "I do not have brothers and sisters, hut I have other companions." ."Do you mean your pets?" "No, I do have a lovely kitten, but that is not what I mean by companions." "Well, what do you mean?" a farm which he cultivated. "You come to see me sometime and Maria was eleven years old and she I'll show you." helped her mother do the work about the. "I'd like to," said Anita, "but you live house. There were no near neighbors so far. It would take all day to get except one family who had only one there and back in a calesa and I'd have child, a baby boy. When Maria wanted no time to visit." to play with other little girls she had to "I'll tell you what," suggested Maria, go such a long way that she seldom '·in three more weeks school will close. went. During the school year she went Suppose you go home with me and spend to the near-by town and stayed with an a week. My mother likes for my friends auntie and went to school. She was in the fifth grade. Once Anita, one of Maria's s c h o o 1 companions, asked: "Maria, don't you get lonesome during vacation when you are so far away from everyone?" "I have my mother and father with to come.'' "Oh, thank you, Maria, I'll ask my mother this very afternoon." All the rest of the day Anita kept thinking about Maria's invitation to spend a week with her during vacation. She almost missed her spelling lesson January, 11J38 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 373 she was thinking so hard about the visit, "Do you play with all of them?" and hoping so much that her mother "I am very good friends with all of would say she might go. As soon as them. Some I like better than others. school closed she hurried off. She I will introduce you to them few at a shouted to Maria, "I am going to run time." all the way home to ask mother about "Can I not meet all of them the first visiting you." clay?" Both little girls were at school early "No, I can not introduce you to all of They ran to meet them at once. You will see," smilecl the next morning. each other. "Maria! Maria! mother said I could go." The girls caught hands and jumped up and down in a cil·cle. "Won't we have fun! won't we have fun!" they sang. "You will let me meet your companions, won't you,_ Maria?" asked Anita. "Yes, indeed, all of them." "How many companions do you have?" "I do not know the exact number of them, but there are many, many of them." "How old are they?" Maria. Anita was so curious to know just what Anita meant by her companions. She thought Maria must be very smart to have some companions so old as eighteen or twenty. "Three more \veeks," Anita mused. Each day Maria and Anita marked off a day on their calendar to show how many days were left before the grand vacation started. By and by the great !lay came and the little girls were so excited and happy that they skipped, hopped and jumpecl all the way home to prepare for an early start the next morning for the home of Maria. "The youngest ones are five. are rather small but I love them. They (Ne>;t month read in THE YOUNG The CITIZEN and learn about Maria's trip oldest o n e s a r e very old, perhaps home and Anita's visit to the farm for eighteen or twenty years old." the first time.) 374 THE YOUNG CITIZEN Ju.:nuary, 1JNJJ:: GOOD CITIZENSHIP ARE YOU INTERESTED IN THE BUSINESS OF YOUR MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT? By FRANCISCO CARBALLO Every Filipino citizen is a resident of a city or munidpality or one of its barrios. As a resident supporting the local government and receiving benefit from it he should be interested in knowing how this government is run, by whom and how it is managed, and how its money is secured and spent. In one way or the oth~r he is vitally concerned in the activities of this government. As a pupil he attends the school run by the government, his brother perhaps works for the government, his father pays· taxes to it, his mother and baby sister are treated at the -local heaith center, and the rest of his fellow citizens ai·e maintainers and beneliciaries of the government. So you will see that eve1·y citizen, young or old, should be interested in the business of his government. Government being a business in which all the citizens are shareholders, it costs money to run, and intelligent, honest men to administer it economically to the greatest benefit of the inhabitants supporting it. Let us look over an extract of a financial report of a municipality just outside of Manila, with a population of 23,434. (Please see Tables I and II.) It will be seen that the taxes collected in 1936 amounted to 1'68,198.65, and these were proportioned as follows: 3.7 per cent from cedulas, 13.6 from real estate, 26.0 from licenses, and 56.7 per cent from miscellaneous revenues. Under Miscellaneous are included collections from weights and measures, tax penalties, fines, registration fees, franchises, and other minor items. With the total coilections are also included provincial and insular funds given as aids to the local government. The per capita tax "in this municipality was P2.91. How does this figure compare with the per capita tax in your municipality? G,ancing over items- under Expenditures, we note that of the total expenses for 1936 the municipality spent 42.5 per c2nt for education alone, a commendable fact which bespeaks the keen interest of the local municipal and school officials in accommodating the greatest number of pupils possible under trying circumstances. For health and sanitation only 3.8 per cent was spent, govern. ment activities 12.4, revenue service 5.6, and public debt 22.1 per cent. The municipality contracted this debt for the construction of its new, modern government building and to finance urgent local improvements. At the encl of the year the treasurer reports a net saving cf Pll,388. 70 which was forwarded ao tl;c initi0 l debt fund for January, 1937. When funds are not available or sufficient to finance an important project, certain funds are transferred from one item to another which needs the sum; but this transfer is made in accordance with law, or funds may be borrowed from provincial and insular sour_c~s and these are paid back with interest according to government stipulations. Jrvn:uar.y,. 1998 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 375 TABLE I EXTRACT OF A FINANCIAL REPORT OF A MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT FOR YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1936.' CREDIT DEBIT ITEMS Income Expendilures Balance December 31, 1935 forwarded Pl3.103.56 Revenue from taxationCedulas 2,528.00 Real estate 9.229.24 Licenses 17.682.50 !vliscellaneous 38,758.91 Weights and measures. tax penalties, fines. registration fees. franchises, aid from insular government, etc. Expended forEducation 1'29,720.11 Health and sanitation 2.640.61 Government activities 8,652.38 Legislation 1,038.55 Executive control . 2.293.27 Protective and lighting service 3.726.69 Revenue service 3.933.84 Public debt 15.475.40 1\tliscellaneous 2.432.66 Totals P81.302.2l P69.9 l 3.5 I Unexpended balance-Jan. 1, 1937 ! 11.388.70 Grand totals l'~I 107.21 1'81 302.21 'Figures on this table wE're kindly given to the auth~r by Mr. ALjandro V. Bellin, Treasurer, Ma· kati Municipality, Rizal Prov. Weights and measures. tax penalties, fines, registration fees, franchises, aid from insular government. etc. Expenditures Taxes Colfected If with the help of your teachers you will prepare tables similar to those in this article for close study and comparison, they will reveal to you not only bare figures, but also facts which shou!rl lead you to ask questions and formulate problems for solution. Every munic(Plea.se turn .~o page 390) 176 THE YOUNG CITIZEN January, 1938 Use Words Correctly By MRS. PAZ J. EUGENIO* Read the following sentences. Note the correct use of sit, seat, and set. "Sit" is a verb and it means the act of sitting; "seat" is a noun and it signifies something to sit on, as a chair, bench, or stool; "set" is also a verb but it means tc place or put something at a place where it was not before. 5. When writing and reading it is healthful to --- tall and straight. 6. Please --- the clock on time, Loreto. 7. There is no vacant --- left in the room. 1. Please give a seat to the old lady. 8. The sun had --- when we started for home. 2. You may sit on the bed, Rosa. 3. Did you offer the visitor a seat? 4. Do not set the lamp near the edge. of the table. 9. Some boys cannot --- still and keep quiet. 1.0. This stool can be used for a --. II. Here is a short story. Complete 5. If you have no seat you may sit its thought by placing in the blanks sit, with me. sat, seat, and set. 6. Set the dishes in the cupboard. After supper the family proceeded to I. Let us see if you can fill the blanks the sala. Father - - in the rocking in the following sentences with sit, seat, chair. Mother got her sewing box and and set. - - comfortably in a big armchair. Baby could not find a low - - so she 1. I asked you to --- on this bench for a while. - - on the floor and played with her doll. Virginia, the oldest sister -2. This --- is too high for you, on a stool at father's feet and read the baby. newspaper to him. Just then Pablo 3. You may --- the broom be- came in but he did not like to -- with hind the bookcase. Baby because Baby was in the habit of pulling his brother's ears whenever he 4. "If you will not go away," cried the cross woman, "I will --- the dog was near. When Mother got tired of on you." sewing she - - her sewing box on a near-by table. * Tcucher. Tayabas Elementary School, Manila_. (Please t11rn to pnge .J.91.) January, 1938 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 377 The Blacksmith Words f,y CAROLYN BAILEY Music by I. ALF::Nso lb J :l J Jifj JI £J itJ J"lr"7 jilr7 ]71 So_ mas -t~r E>lechmilh 1Vav~ brought him lo you. clin9l danqlclingldang! I & F !J1 I e: u J J 3 I J ; J -r I .; J 3 I dinq/ clang! L"1qhlU1e forqq fire !he biq bil-lo1vs blo1v, Dab~m will 1 & J ::1 J 3 :a lr:1 r ~ ; I 1 r., ; 71 i1 :i 11 s!and, you naed!t · say whoa. clinqfclanq f ding/ clang _I cling/ clang/ KIKO'S ADVENTURES 378 THE YOUNG CITIZEN January, 1988' ELEMENTARY SCIENCE SECTION THIS EARTH OF OURS THE WAYS OF RIVERS Rivers are like you. They have their own ways, their moods, their own characteristics that make them living beautiful creations winding in graceful curves, in and out among the hills. their waters always seeking the lowest level. No artist could lay out curves more beautiful than the river forms. These curves change from rear to year, some slowly, some more rapidly. It is not hard to understand just why these changes take place. SorPe rivers arc dangerous for boating at certain points. The current is strong. and there ar-:: eddies and whirlpools that have to be avoided, or the boat becomes unmanageable. Deep holes are washed out of the bed of the stream by whirling eddies. No stream finds its channel ready-made: it makes its own, and constantly changes it. The current swings to one side of the channel. lifting the loose sediment and grinding deeper the bed of the stream. The water lags on the opposite side, and sediment falls to the bottom. So the building-up of one side is going on at the same time that the tearing-down process is being car1ied on in the other. No one would ever mistake a river for a lake or any other body of water, yet rivers differ greatly in character. Wild mountain stream5 tear their way down their steep channels. but outside of their mountainous course they flow down placidly and calmly. Some rivers arc quiet and commonplace throughout their length. They flow between low. rounded hills. and arc joined by quiet streams, that occupy the spaces between the hills. This is the oldest type of river. All rivers flow. gradually or suddenly. from higher to lower levels. To reach the lowest level as soon as possible is the end each river is striving toward. If it could. each river would cut its bed to this dentl, at th~ fir~t stiq;c of its course. Its tools are the ro.-ks it carr1,,~. t'Tf":tt and small. The force that uses these tools is the (Please tu1'tt fo page !178.) OUR INSECT FRIENDS AND FOES THE GRASSHOPPER The grasshopper is one of the most important i:i.sccts of the world. It is widely used for food Is there anythinr- more crisp than roasted grass: "hopper heads? What are the ways you know (hat we h:iv;:- of preparing grasshoppers for food) Arabians in Bagdad dine deliciously on grasshoppers and romcgranatcs. The Moor prefers tlnm to pigeon. They arc sold in Chinese stores J!. roasted chestnuts arc in most cities. Another reason for the importance of tht· grasshopper is that it has often thrust famine. j)laguc and death uoon men. Millions cf men in many lands. sin~e time began, have. gone to their dc:ith thron~h starvation and plague caused 1:-r the lo:ust. Wherever these swarms of grasshoppers passed there was no food left for man or beast. The grasshopper owes its importance also to being the largest creature in the imcct world. \Vhat thz elephant is to the larger animals, what the ostrich is to the birds. the grasshopper is to thoc;c six-legged creatures, known as insects. The grasshopper is a jumper and not a runner. It is harnessed ro a pair of hind legs that can b~ released at any moment. like a spring, and will hurl it great di'ltances through the air. These hind legs arc likewise used for purposes of selfdefense. Grasshoppers are also musiCians. They are , the fid9lerc; in the insect world. Their wingcovcrs arc th ... ;r flddlrs and th"ir innining legs arc (Please turn to page 889.) January, 1998 THE YOUNG CITIZEN h: ALL ABOUT ANIMALS CATS Animals have their own stories to tell. If your cat could speak, she would tell you that ~he is related-she is a first cousin-to the lion, the tiger. the lcopJrd. and the jaguar. These are all members of the cat tribe. The cats arc flesh-caters, killing living animals. All have rounded heads and sharp, pointed teeth. Cats can draw back their claws into their sheaths when thcs\! arc not in use. Their tongues arc rough, as you'll notice if your own cat licks you. Cats big and little usually hunt alone. though sometimes the big ones permit their mates. to go with them. When they can they approach their prey by stealth, preferring to spring on it suddenly. \Vatch your cat as it lies in wait for a mouse. It is often tbougbt that cat.> can sc~ in the dark. and though this they cannot do, their eyes are formed so as to take in even the faintest gl~am of light by means of the enlargement of their pupils. This gleam is reflected by the brilliant metallic luster which they, in common with some other animals. have at the back of their eyeballs. Besides helping them to see. the "glare" alarms their victims when they sec these fiuce eyes shining in the dark. OUR MI NOR FOREST PRODUCTS RA TT AN AND FERNS Among our minor forest products rattan is the mo~t important owing to the place it occupies in trade and industry. Look about you in ) 1 our home. Wbat arc the articles you have that arc made of rattan? You will notice that ratt.ln i::. necessary to' our economic life. Rattans are found in all forests of the Philippines. They range in size from 4 millimeters to 5 centimeters in diameter. Sika. tbe best rattan in tbe Philippines and equal to the best in ocher countries. abounds in Palawan. Rattan is collected when the stems are either bare or covered with dry leaf sheaths. The pieces arc th~n bent at tbe middle and tied on th~ ends to nuke handling easier. After the stems arc cut, they arc set on ends in order to drain them of the water contained in the stems. After a day or two, they arc transferred to a shed house where they arc seasoned free from rain. Properly dried rattan is strong, tough and is of a yellow bright color. Rattan is used in the manufacture of tables. lampshade.>. chairs, baskets, walking sticks, horse whips. ropes, grocery baskets. rattan cradles, sew· Our house cats arc said to be descended from ing baskets. and other important household arthe "fettered" cat, known in Egypt thirteen ccn- tides. The heart or bud of sOmc species of turies before Christ. Cats were worshipped rattan is edible and makes delicious vegetable there, and this may be the reason why cats never salad. forget to be dignified. ( Plea.~e turn to prrge 391.) 380 THE YOUNG CITIZEN January, 1938 THE GREAT DIPPER By B. HILL CANOVA Have you ever seen the Great Dipper in the sky~ Let me tell you a good way to look for it. Early some morning go out in the yard and find an open space away from trees or buildings. Or a better place is to go on the beach. select and mark a spot in the sand. Notice just where the sun rises from where you stand. Late in the afternoon go back to that same place and notice where the sun sets. Notice just where it disappears. In the evening when it gets dark go back to that ·same place. Lie down on your back with right arm stretch out full length toward rhc place of the rising sun. That, of course, is the cast. Extend your left arm in the direction in which you saw the sun set. The sun sets in the west. doesn't it? The top of your head will be toward the south and your feet to the north. Now, as you know. ~hen you lie on the ground and look up at the sky it looks like a breat, great, big bowl turned down over you. You have noticed that I am sure. When you look ar the spot of the sky that is straight up over your eyes it looks like that is the very bottom of the bowl. In other words it looks like it is the highest point in the sky. This highest point is called the zenith (ze-nith). Can Y.OU remember that word? I hope you can for now I must tell you another word that perhaps you do not know. It is horizon (ho-ri-zon). \Vhen you are outside you can turn all around and think of the sky as a bowl turned down on the earth-you can sec where the bowl or sky rests on the earth. Well just at the place where the sky seems to rest on the earth. that is what we call the horizon. Be sure to remember the words zenith and horizon because you will need them when you start looking for the Great Dipper. The Great Dipper has another name also, and we might as well learn it now as any other time. Some grown-ups and some books call the Great Dipper. the Ursa Major. All right, here you are-lying on your back, with your right hand to the east, your left one to ~he west, your head to the south and your feet to the north. Your eyes arc on the zenith. Now you arc in a position to find the Gr.eat Dipper easily. Let your eyes follow the sky from the zenith to the horizon to the north. Remember your feet arc to the north. The Ursa Major will be nearer the horizon than it is to the zenith. I'll give you a drawing of it !>O you will readily recognize it. Mizar * * . . Alialh *D•ndnasch Phe~a Duhbe * Did you know that many of the stars have names, the same as girls and boys do? I shall not try to tell you the names of very many of them now, because if you try to remember many star names while you arc still in grade school you may forget your multiplication tables. And the multiplication tables are going to be of more use to you than the names of the stars, for a time J.t least. However, don't you think it will be interesting to know a few of the stars by name? Suppose we try to learn the names of those stars that make up the Great Dipper. As you see from the drawing the Ursa Major is made up of seven separate stars. Their names are: Duhbe, Merak, Pheoda, Mcgrcz. Alioth, Mizar, and Benetnasch. The first four make up the bowl of the dipper. The last three are the handle. Here is an easy wa)r to remember the names of the seven scars that make up the Dipper. Take a piece of writing paper and trace the star pattern seven times. Cut out the seven stars. , Look at the names of the stars in the drawing of the dip(Plcase t-Hrn to page 389.) January, 1938 THE YOl)NG CITIZEN 381 SOCIAL SCIENCE SECTION MRS. MERCEDES Y. BAUTISTA* Directions: Have you studied North 12. Lis for --- ---,the winAmerica? Here is a game for you. ter resort of the Americans which is F'ill the blanks with words that will found in California. make the sentences correct. Example: L is for Luzon, the largest island in the 13. M is for ---, the longest river Phi1ippines. found in the U. S. Fill the blanks: 14. N is for --- ---, another port found on the coast of the Gulf of 1. A is for ---, the la1·gest pas- Mexico. session of the United States in North Am£rica. 15. 0 is for ---, the capital of 2. B is for ---, the group of is- Canada. lands in the Lesser Antilles, famous fo1· 16. P is for ---, the city in the U. S. famous for iron and steel. sponges. 3. C is for ---, the "Pearl of th£ Antilles" in the West Indies. 17. Q is for---, the quaint beautiful city with a French name, found in 4. D is for ---. , the city in th~ Canada. U. S. which is noted for automobiles. 5. E is for ---, one of the Great 18. R is for ---, the most imporLakrn. tant animals introduced in Alaska. 6. F is for ---, one of the states known for fruits. ·19. Sis for --- ---,the leading city of the Pacific coast. 7. G is for---, one of the impor- the farms of Ontario. tant ports on the coast of the Gulf of ::CO. T is for ---, the market for Mexico. 21. U is for --- ---, the rich8· H is for ---, one of the states est and the most progressive country in of Central America. North America. 9. I is for ---, the first inhabitants of the U. S. 10. J is for ---, the capital of Alaska. 11. K is for --- West. the small islands off the coast of Florida. "Teacher, Emilio Jacinto Elementary School. 22. V is for --- and Vancouver the ports of Canada on the Pacific coast. 23. W is for ---, one of the Pacific states. 24. Y is for ---, the river found in Alaska. (Please turn to page :188 for the amrwenr.) i82 THE YOUNG CITIZEN January, 1938 The Dodor and the Mechanic By I. PANLASIGUI Dr. Pablo sent his car to an automobile shop to be ckancd-washcd. greased. and sprayed. As on(' of the mechanics drove the car to th.: raising !cw! one oi the wheels slipped and a piece o( th.: exhaust pipe was broken. lmmcdiatclv the chauffeur reported th:.:: matter to his mast..:r because he was told that the broken pipe would have to be repaired by welding. The do.:tor immediately went to the shop to .see the broken part of his car. Upon reaching the place and seeing that a big piece of the pipe had been knocked off. he told the chief mechanic that he did not want the pipe welded. He wanted it replaced with a new one. ''But welding would be just as good. Per· haps. it makes it stronger than the new." said lhe chief mechanic. "No, Sir," said the doctor. "If I were thl.' one who broke that, you would tell me that welding is not good. You would tell me that it should be replaced by a new piece ... The matter was reported to the manager of the shop. .. Certainly," insisted the do::tor, ''I want a new piece for that broken pipe." "Just as you please. do::tor." answered the manager. After which thl.' order was given to the chief mechanic to replace the broken pipe with a new one. '"You sec. it is always my policy to have what the customer wishes," the manager told the doctor. "While the broken pipe could be wcldl."d and the result would be very satisfactory. it must br replaced if you so desire." "I don't think welding it would be satisfactory." the doctor replied. "It would. I can give you a guarantee as !ong as your car lasts." said the manager. "No. I want a new one." insisted the doctoi:. "Of course you are going to have a new om:. But it would be hard for the mechanic who broke ~he pipe. because he is going to pay for it." "Why doesn't the company pay for it?" asked the surprised doctor·. '"Why should the company p:iy for the mi-;take of its employees? If it did, they would be careless of their work. There would be mis. takes· every day.'' "How much docs the new piece cost?" "It costs twenty to thirty pesos." The doctor did not say a word. He became thoughtful. He did not know that the mechanic had to pay for the new piece for his car. He thought that the company should pay for it. Finally he asked the manager the salary of the inechanic. "Forty-five pesos a month,·· he was told. The doctor again became silent and thoughtful. "Well. it is his fault. It is a good lesson for him. He would be more careful next time. So he must pay for it. But he has to pay more than ha! f of his salary. I receive more than he docs. I am in a better position to pay for the new one than he is. I would not miss the amount, but he would. Perhaps his children need the money more than mine. But why pay for the fault of others?" "Suppose the mechanic docs not want to pay and leaves the place?" asked the doctor of the manager. "In such a case the company has to pay for the damage. But it is good for the company because it has rid itself of an inefficient employee. If he remains and pays for it, it is also good. (l'leuse turn to prrge 384) ~-Jir:num·y, 1938 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 383 SAFETY SECTION War on New Year's Eve By QUIRICO A. CRUZ* ''Cuning'. Cuning!" called Mrs. Subido in a loud tOill'. ··y C!:i, Wlothcr." replied Cuning. "Where are you? .. "Herc. Mother. Ely and I arc playing. am building a little house for hu dolls. ''Come up for a while and buy me some American bread and a can of butter. Ir is almost six o'clock now. Father will arrive home soon. The sandwiches must be ready before he comes. "Yes, l\.fothcr," Cuning amwered and off he went. Before he left. he advised Ely to wait for him. In his way to the bakery. Cuning saw Armando. his friend and classmate. "Hey, Armando! \Vh.erc are you going? "' Gn:l?'orio del Pilar Elementary School, Manila. "To war!" Armando replied back. "War? What do you mean?" from Cuning with surprise and wonder. "Yes, to war. See this bag? This is filled with bullets. Jose is our general. Pedrito is the captain. I'm lieutenant, Anto and lmong are the soldiers. We call ourselves, "Nippons." V./e shall meet Guillermo's gang at Plaza Morioncs. How do you like to join us?" "What are you telling me, and what bullets do you mean?" asked Armando. Here, look!" replied Arma·n-·o showing ti bag. Cuning felt the bag. "Firecrackers!" he exclaimed. "Why that will be a dangerous game. I cannot join you." "Dangerous? No. no. no. It will be very thrilling. Guillermo's friends are poor. They cannot buy as many firecrackers as these. They \"'ill soon run short of ammunitions and surrrndcr. We call them "the doomed battalion." You join us and share with us the fun. I can _inst imagine how Guillermo will run when we shower him with these big firecrackers." ''No, thank you.'' "What will you do, anyway?" "! will finish Ely's doll-house." "\Vhat :a sissy! Are you a girl? Why not play a boy's game?" "You call me a sissy, that is all right. Goodbye." Cuning went on his errand. The following day was New Year's Day. Ely and Cuning were on their way to church. At the corner of Azcarraga and llaya streets. they met Anto and Imong. They were on their way to church. too. "Cuning, do you know what happened last night?" asked An to. "Why, yes. People celebrateQ the coming of New Year with pomp with feasting. music: ;:ind firecrackers. You met New Year with firecrackers didn't you? You and General Jose, (Please turn to przge 388) 384 THE YOUNG CITIZEN January, 193H HEAL TH SECTION ANTONIO By B. HILL CANOVA After a day of work and play Antonio sleeps like a log. No~icc he puts his bed righc by an opened door where he can have plenty of fresh air. He keeps his doors and windows open at night so the fresh outside air can march righl through the room and help him sleep soundly. Antonio will tell you, "if you want to have a good time during the day, you must have a good sleep during the night." If you could see h9w he gozs laughing through the day with his work and games you would believe him. THE DOCTOR AND THE MECHANIC (Continued from pnge 982} because he becomes more careful and therefore more efficient." The doctor did not answer the manager but became thoughtful again. "In such a case it is better for the fellow to pay for the new piece. It is good for both the company and for him Thirty pesos of his forty-five pesos. He would have only fifteen pesos for a month, and perhaps one half of that goes to his house rent. But he can pay five pesos a month, and that would take him six months to pay! If I were in his place I would certainly suffer. If he resigns, he would lose both his money and his job and the chances are he would not get a new job for sometime. No. it is hard for the fellow." (Please turn to pnge 388) INTERESTING PLACES BALUT ISLAND FORTUNATO ASUNCION• An island in Tondo is gradually being transformed into an ideal community. None would believe lhat this once lonely place would bl! as thickly inhabited as it is now, nor would anybody suspect that it would be as. prosperous. Y cars ago, this place was barely inhabited Strangers in search of little games could be seen occasionally. The creaking noise coming from a long. low-roofed rope factory was the only sign of life in this isolated place. The land was cov· ered with marshes. Thorny shrubs grew by th..: :::ides of fishponds. Tall cogon grass hid the few winding paths from view. Frail bancas with capacity of three or four passengers wer~ .th~ only means of reaching the island. To insure more safety, a wooden draw-bridge was constructed across the river. Unfortunately it was swept away by the swift current during a furious storm and it was never recovered. The people h.id to resort to the old way of reaching the island. There was a time of the year when curious P.eople filled the distant western part of the isl;ind. They flo::ked to that spot not to fill their lungs with envigorating sea breeze; nor did they go there to catch the various fiddler crabs that adorned the shores of the island. They went there to watch-may be for curiosity's sake-the flagellants who, with extreme devotion, put into practice their sacred ritual!. on holy Thursdays and holy Fridays. What an unbelievable change! Gone wer..: the marshes and the swamps that were scattered rverywhere, for they were drained and filled up: gone was the hideous darkness that used to greet the setting sun for electric lights were installed; gone. too. were the thorny and muddy paths for roads were constructed; but only half-gone was the hazard of reaching the island, for, although a sturdy bridge was constructed· connecting the island with the North Bay Boulevard, the frail (Please turn to page 988) *Teacher, Rizal Elementary School. January, 1938 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 385 That's Enough, Adiong! By FORTUNATO R. ASUNCION* The noise was followed by perfect silence. Pak! Bog! Pak! Crash! The crowd was beginning to show some life. Finally the children around were shouting at the top of their voices. They shook their fists and swayed their bodies to add more emphasis to their feelings. "To the rib~! To the chin!" roared the wild "Look at your lips," said the teacher wiping the blood on Cirilo's mouth. "And you. look at your cheek! Herc, press this centavo against it. Did I not tell you not to quarrel? Did I not tell you not to fight? What will your par~ rnts say? Coming to school only to fig4t finished the teacher in disgust. Ashamed of what they have done, the two 0nly hung their heads as they listened. They were so ashamed that they dared not look up. on-lookers. "Squeeze his neck! how led the others. Cirilo was staring blankly at the floor while Twist his tongue!" J\rcadio was continuously toeirJ,g the leg of the table. "Fight, sir, fight'." reported Moises between breaths to the teacher who was busily writing on the board. Followed by the curious. children, the teacher rushed to the yard and there found Cirilo and Arcadia rolling on the ground. The fighters grappled with each other so hard that it required all the teacher's strength to separate them. Cirilo·s mouth was bleeding but Arcadia's eyes were black and blue. The teacher brought the two to his room. Left behind was a much disappointed crowd. "Did you see him squeeze his neck?" remarked one of the children who seemed to side with Cirilo. "What about the swing that landed on his face?'.' retorted another who seemed to be a friend of Arcadia. More remarks would have been exchanged and another fight would have been fought had not cooler heads among the children intervened. "'Teacher, Rizal Elementary School, Manila, "Aurelio, come here! Why did they quarrel?" asked the teacher. "I heard Arcadia asking a small boy to pick up the candy wrapper he dropped. The little boy refused. Arcadia thought it best to take him to the office but the mischievous child would not go. He kicked and struggled to get loose. Ar'cadio had a very hard tim.e handling the unruly child. Just then Cirilo came. He began encouraging the child to resist Arcadia. He kept on shouting, 'Stop that, Adiong ! That is enough, Adiong!' Arcadia lost his temper. He set the boy free and faced Cirilo. I think, sir. it is Cirilo's fault as Arcadia was only d9ing his duly for he is a school policeman," finished Aurelio. The teacher was, however, wondering. Did Arcadia fight Cirilo who was much bigger and stronger than he because he wanted to perform his duty as a policeman, or because Cirilo repeatedly shouted "Stop that Adiong! That's tnough Adiong!" The teacher could not find C·ut. You know, "Stop that Adiong" is a street expression referring to the gangster by the name of Adiong. 386 THE YOUNG CITIZEN JOll'tuary, 19.'18 AMONG THE BOY SCOUTSBy RICARDO R. DE LA CRUZ* "PLAN YOUR WORK---WORK YOUR PLAN" The beginning of the New Year finds us one year older. Things which happened last year J.re now "old." Therefore, we have to have "new" things. What shall they be? The alert, energetic, and ambitious Boy Scout has always a plan lor everything that he under"Thirty Days' Service" and "Living the Oath and Law" may be the last examinations, together with "Thrift." The first two do not require extra effort. The last one may be passed by some worthwhile work in the neighborhood. such as selling newspapers, shining shoes, worktakes. And he always attempts to undertake ing as delivery boys or messengers. whatever he plans. His motto is always "Plan "Knife and axe," "Fire Building," and "Cookyour work-work your plan.'' ing,'' can be taken one after. another in a single While it is the chief responsibility of the day. A boy can demonstrate the use of tht:' Scoutmasler to plan the progress of his Scouts, knife and the axe by splitting wood and whittand to work out things in conformity with that - ling 'enough pieces co build a fire. Then he can plan, it should nevertheless be the concern of take fire-building. When the fire is built, he can every boy to do some thinking for himself and cook for his Cooking requirement. to work for the materialization of his thoughts. "Tracking," "Scout's Pace," and "Compass .. Sometimes, it may even be advisable to adopt the can constitute a whole afternoon program for one plan of his Scoutmaster as regards to his advance- day. All these three examinations are conducted ment and to help his Scoutmaster in working out .preferably in the out-of-doors. those plans. Since this is a New Year, opportunities are excellent for planning. We have twelve months "Signalling,"' First Aid," and "Practice of Rules of Safety" may not be inter-related but they are the only ones left out of the 12 requirein the year during which we can accomplish ments, thus forming a separate group. Hence. various things. If we are Tenderfoot Scouts m we have four groups in all of three examinations January, let us resolve to be Second Class Scouts each. If one would but actually strive to work by February. In thinking that over, let us be his plan, there would be no justifiable reason for definite in our objectives. Let us have specific failure to complete the Second Class requirements aims. There are exactly twelve requirements for Second Class Rank. The troop meets every week, and therefore. four times a month. On the in a month. Using the foregoing example as a start, a boy would ultimately discover that his advancement would be unretarded, and after two years in the Organization, he needs not be surprised to find himself an Eagle Scout. basis of three examinations a week, the end of the month will eventually find a Scout a Second Class. "Plan your work and work your plan," will produce "wonderful" results, if but applied cil~ ~.aS~gA~· Publicity Department, Philippine Coun- conscientiously and with earnest enthusiasm. lanuartJ, 1938 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 387 MOTHERS' GUIDE IN CARE OF CHILDREN (a) BEEF lhe !1oung (itizen PANTRY BY Fresh beef is firm. bright red. MISS JULIANA MILLAN • and has fine-grained tissues that much of its juice in water. Wiparc ~urrounded by thin streaks of yellowish fatty tissues. Tender cuts of beef are cooked quickly in order to retain the juice. They arc suitable for broiling and roasting. When beef is not thoroughly cooked. that is, the inner part still contains much of its original reddish juice, then it is said to be cooked "rare": it is "medium" when only the outer part is done while the inner part is half-cooked; and it is "well done" when it is well-cooked inside and out. Tough cuts arc best for stews, boiling and broths. Meat, unlike fruits and vegetables, does not require thorough washing because it loses • Teacher of Home Economics, Emilio Jacinto Elementary School. ing it with a wet piece of cloth to remove any dirt that may be on its surface is enough. FRIED MEAT Beef Lard Lime fruit (calamansi) Slice the beef into the desired size and thickness. Slightly sale the surface. Heat ~he lard in a frying pan. When hot, put in the beef and cook it rare, medium or well done. Remove from the frying pan and squeeze the juice of the divided lime fruit thru a strainer. Serve. BEEF STEAK Beef Onion 2 tbsp. vinegar Bread crumbs I tbsp. sugar pinch of salt Lard Slice the beef into the desired size. Make criss-cross cuts on the surface to allow the salt to penetrate through. Salt the pieces sparingly and roll in bread crumb<;. Heat the lard in the frying pan and fry the meat. Remove from the fire. Peel the onion and cut cros'iwise to form rings. Heat some more lard in the frying pan. Put in the onion. Pour in the vinegar, salt and sugar. Add the fried meat. Serve. "CARNE AZADA" Beef Potatoes Lard Soy (Toyo) Lemon or lime fruit Pare the potatoes and soak in salted water. Cut into thin slices crosswise or into any d;;:sircd shape. Fry. Cut the beef into slices about Yi inch thick. Heat the lard in the frying pan and put in the meat. Turn immediately and pour in the soy and a little water. Bring to a boil and remove from the frying pan. Garnish with the fried potatoes. 188 THE DOCTOR AND (Contimwd from page 884) "Since the mechanic is going to pay for the new piece, I am willing to have the broken piece welded," the doctor finally told the manager. "The tcllow will be grat<!ful to you," replied the manager. "And he will be very happy." THE YOUNG CITIZEN WAR ON NEW YEAR'S (Continued from page 383) Captain Pcdrito, and Lieutenant Armando?'' "Y cs, yes, we did and what a sad New Y car for them, specially for Armando," said lmong. "Why? What happened?" inquired Ely and Cuning. '"Half of Armando's face was .. 1 think I will be the hap- burned. Guillermo threw a big pier of the two," said the doc- firecracker at him which extor. plodcd right on his face. He The chief mechanic was in- is at home now. Jose and Pcformed of the new arrangement, and the doctor was told that his car would be ready the following day. When the doctor returned the following morning to get his car he found that it was not yet ready as it was necessary to make several adjustments and tuning of the engine. One of the mechanics Was silently and carefully working on the car. The doctor watched dr;to have their hands burned, too, because before they could throw the firecracke'rs at Guillermo's gang, the firecrackers exploded. "Were they badly hurt?'. "Not much hut 1'111 sure they cannot use their right hands for some time." Just as I thought," Cuning murmcrcd as he and Ely went on their way to church. the work as it was going on. -.-.0-n_l_y_sc_v_cn-m-o-nt-h~-r);;;~ Soon the mechanic announced tor that the car was ready for trial. '"Your doctor takes only very little of your blood, so it does not matter. Do not worry. your son will be all right. Who is The mechanic drove the car and the doctor sat beside him. They went through several streets silently and the mechanic carefully listened to the sound of the engine. The car ran fast your doctor?" "Dr. Reyes." "Oh. well. don't worry. Dr. Reyes is a good physician; the J(J/11,uary, 19.SS SOCIAL SCIENCE KEY TO ANSWERS (Continued from page 381) I. Alaska 6. Florida 2. Bah.:imas 7. Galveston 3. Cuba 8. Honduras 4. Detroit 9. Indians 5. Erie 10. Juneau 11._Key 12. Los Angeles 13. Mississippi 14 . New Orleans 15. Ottawa 16. Pittsburg 17. Quebec i 8. reindeer 19. San Francisco 20. Toronto 21. United States 22. Victoria 23. Washington 24. Yukon BALUT ISLAND (Continuecl from page 384) bancas arc still used on the other side. The newest project is the construction of a wide first class road thJt will connect Malahan. a progressive town of Rizal, with Manila. It will traverse the heart of the island. Soon upon completion much waste in transportation will be eliminated and more progress will be assured for the inhabitants of Balut Island. and then slowly and then fast again. After a few minutes thz best specialist for children in the him came to him and said: "I mechanic asked the doctor, country. So don't worry, your want to thank you doctor for "Is it not bad to lose blood child will be all right." allowing the damage on your every day, Doctor?" The mechanic did not answer car to be welded. I am the "Why?" the doctor inquired. "I lose some of my blood every day. I give it to my son. He is very sick in the hospital. To-night after my work I will go again to the hospital and give him some more of my blood." ··How old is your son?" the doctor because by this time he was again listening carefully to the engine of the car he was testing, a~d at this moment they have already reached the shop. The doctor took his car, but before he left, the mechanic who drove and tested the car with mechanic who broke your exhaust.'' The d o c tor went away thinking: "I am glad I did not make that fellow pay for the damage of my Car. His sick son is taking some of his blood, and I would have taken his money away from him." January, 1938 THE GREAT DIPPER (Continued from page 380) THE YOUNG CITIZEN THE GRASSHOPPER (Continued from vage 378) per. Copy these names on your the bows. They play their paper stars. Select a table or a simple tunes by drawing their Star,pattrrn corner of the floor that isn't used v~ry much and place the stars in the shape of the Dipper. Refer to the drawing in your magazine to make certain that each star is in its correcc place according to its name .. Pronounce these names several times, pointing to each star as you repeat the name. Go away and leave your dipper,· placed correctly. Later go back to it and call off the names' several times. Repeat this five or six cimes during the day, and before you know it you can say the star names as readily as you say Maria, Jose. Anita, and Pablo. If you would like to test yourself to sec if you rL-mcmber all seven of the stars you can do it by making J drawing of the dipper and try to write the names of the stars on your drawing, chen compare it to the drawing in your magazinc. To lie down on the grass or on the edge of the porch and think and talk about the stars is a very good way to get yourself nice and quiet before going jumping legs across these stiff wing-covers. Grasshoppers are hatched from eggs laid in the ground. The female has a well-drilling instrumenc, and with this, in the late summer, she digs a hole half an inch deep. In ic she lays as many as a hundred eggs. She finds a place which will not be reached by the plow. Along thC edges of the garden, near the fence, there is hard ground. adapted to drilling holes, and here the plow never comes. Th~ wise farmer should leave no id\.! or unplowed lantl about. For it is from these waste lands that to bed. You will find that your friends arc interested in locatin3 the Great Dipper and learning the names of its stars. Besides the namts of the Dipper and the stars that make ;t up you have had two other new words-zenith and horizon. Fill in the blanks: 1. That part of the sky th,u is directly above us is called th~ 2. Where the sky seems t•) rest on the earth is the ---. 3. The four scars that make up the bowl of the Dipper are called ·----. ----, ----. and ----. 4. The three stars in the handle are ---. ---. and---. (Answers on page 391) 389 A LETTER FROM GINGER (Continued from page 365) moved them away. We cannot find them anywhere now. Do you remember the story of "Fifi" thac came out in the Young Citizen not lo~g ago? I know Fifi very well. He lives jusc rwo doors from Tino's house. He comes to sec us very often. He is such a nice, polite, little dog. He never chases kittens. Sometimes he and I eat from the same bowl. We are grcac friends. I am still very happy in my home. Everyone in the house 1s so kind to· me. Kittens like kindncs~ better than a_.ny thing, even better than warm milk. I am often taken up by some of the family. They Stroke my back gently and I pur-r-r to let them know how happy I am. Your friend, GINGER originate hordes of migratorv grasshoppers. The thorax of this insect, it'i chest. is a source of great strength. To it are tied th:! mnc:;cles that drive those legs in their business of leaping. To it are tied those wings that have such strength that they can push on and on ·without rest for days or even weeks. Grasshoppers are the stuff of life for many birds. All kinds of birds love to feast upon them all through the s.ummer. So to avoid all this. the insect fades as much as it can into the background that may be ics place of abode. 390 ii.RE YOU INTERESTED (Continued from page 375) ipality has some or several problems, and it is the duty of both officials and public spirited citizens to get together and help Solve these problems. The student of civics and government rightfully has his share in this worthwhile undertaking. Herc arc a few of the problems. but others prevailing in your particular community may be added to the list: TAXES l. How do this year's collections compare with those of last year? Account for the increase or decrease. 2. Are all taxable properties properly taxed~ If not, why~ 3. Are all real es tat~ pro;Jercies properly evaluated and taxed according to their correct assessed values? 4. Are business enterprises and entertainment centers duly taxed? 5. Are cedula taxes, real estate. business and other taxes regularly paid? 6. What are the causes of tax delinquencies and tax evasions? How may these be remedied? 7. How may tax collection be improved? 8. What kinds of business not now taxed should be taxed? What kinds of business. if any. now taxed should be exempted or reduced in tax payment? Why? 9. Do you recommend increasing taxes for educational purposes? Why? I 0. What steps should be THE YOUNG CITIZEN taken by the local government to enlist better cooperation among the citizens toward more regular and punctual payment of taxes? 11. Prepare a brief but convincing talk to an illiterat~ adult on "What We Get for Paying Our Taxes Promptly." USE OF MONEY DERIVED FROM TAXES 1. Is the budget recommended by the municipal council reasonable, and are there sufficient funds to cover the projects itemized in it? 2. Are the expenditures really necessary or not? Why? 3. Is the municipal government overmanned or undermanned? Are .there ·too many or too few employees in the municipal icy? 4. Are the employees rendering efficient services in the positions for which they are paid? 5. Are the epi.ployees overpaid or underpaid? 6. Is the merit system closely observed in the employment of public servants? Are efficient employees justly paid or promoted, and inefficient ones separated from the service? 7. Is school accommodation adequate and is every child of school age admitted in school? 8. Is the school library properly supplied with suitable books for reading? 9. Are there playgrounds for community use? l 0. Are the local health office and puericulture center properly equipped, manned, and functioning efficiently? 11. Is public sanitation givJanuary, 1938 en the attention that it merits with regards to markets, artesian wells, toilets, house premises, tiendas. vendors, stables, streets, pigs, goats, etc.? 12. Are the streets properly lighted? 13. Is the mail service regular and efficient? 14. Are municipal and insular properties properly used, stored. recorded in required inventories? 15. Are government cools, equipment, and supplies used solely for public benefit, and not for private interest? 16. Is public order properly maintained by the local police service? How may this service be improved? 17. What other activities in social service should be undertaken by the local government? It is the aim of every good government to run that government fpr the greatest good of the masses that support it, but at times public officials err and the people are deprived of an efficient, honest service. It is then the duty of the people to demand that justice be meted out to these erring officials. Criticisms against the squandering of the people's money should be welcomed by all public spirited citizens, particularly when these criticisms are made in good faith and proven true. and public officials, in order to gain public confidence, should ever be ready to prove by actual demonstration to the taxpayers chat every centavo contributed to the governffient is returned to the public in the form of some tangible service for the common welfare. Ja.m,1a:r11, 1938 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 391 ANSWERS TO THE QUEST10NS ON PAGES 368, 369, 376 THE GOOD READERS' CORNER INTERMEDIATE GRADES GRADE ONE I 1. 6. prescrfols bachelor 1. Rosa 3. Father l::. sermon zoo .. 2. Brother 4. Mother 3. spinster 8. barber shop 4. \,iu.ower '-'· ury goous GRADE TWO 5. client . 'J. ue~ my p..trJor 1. Jose 3. foolish II 2. Mario 4. wise 1. grocery 6. ships ~. LOt\'ers 7. butcher 3. cheeks 8. cold GRADETHREE 4. cashier 9. thrifty No, Nena is not right. 5. innocence L1. promptly You can save your clothes. How? You can be thrifty with your paper. USE WORDS CORRECTLY I How? 1. sit 6. set GRADE FOUR 2. seat 7. seat 1. Meynardo was not right. 3. set 8. set 2. Two pesos. 4. set 9. sit 5. sit 10. seat 3. P.80. . II S"t, s~t, seat, sat, sat, sit, set. RA TT AN AND FERNS (Con tinned from page 379) Among ferns of economic importance are diliman and kilob. From nito are made baskets, salakots, cigarette cases, and helmets. Diliman is a coarse, climbing fern, from 2 to 4 meters in height. Its stem is noted for its tensile strength and durability when submerged in salt water. For this reason it is in demand for tying bamboo frames used in fish corals. It i:; also used for ropes and baskets. The young shoots are cooked or eaten raw as salad. Kilob is also used for tying but it is more important as a THE GREAT DIPPER Key to Answers I. zenith 2. horizon 3. Duhbe, Merak, Phecda. Megrez 4. Alioth, Mizar. Benetnasch source of material for household industries. Bel ts, hats, and tJaJ kcts are made from kilob. Other ~crn"> are used for food or for valuable ornamentals. We have not exhausted ·the wealth of our forests. Many more useful articles will come out of them in our future issues and the more we add to THE WAYS OF RIVERS (Continued from page 378) power of falling water, represented by the current of the stream. A river in its normal course is one of the greatest creations of Nature. It makes a land through which it flows fertile and easily accessible to all and at the same time endows it with beauty and grace. our list, the more are we con· vinced that in the depths of our forests must be on-e of the serv· ants of Aladdin's wonderful lamp. 392 THE YOUNG CITIZEN JMtuary, 1938 A HAPPY NEW YEAR! Immediately before and after the first of January every. body greets everybody a "Happy New Year!" I, too, following this good custom say, "Happy New Year" to all the school children who read the YOUNG CITIZEN, A New Year! Of course, the year is new in the sense that we have a new calendar. We write 1938 instead of 1937, and we sta1·t over again with the month of January until we come to the month of December. But we remain just what we were in 1937 and continue to be so during the year, 1938, unless something may happen to us that may change our habits of life. Now we may ask, "What will the year, 1938, bring to us"!" The answe1· to this question depends greatly upon how we behave everyday of the 365 days of the year 1938. All of us hope to be promoted to the higher grade next June. Some hope to go to high school and later to college. All of us want to be a man and a woman able to work and be happy. All these are good wishes. At the beginning of this year we should therefore try to make a new beginning, a new desire to 1·ealize some day our wishes and hopes in order that the year may become truly a new year. We must remember that whatever we hope to be and have can come only through working diligently now, and not merely wishing and hoping for them. Everyday we should do diligently and faithfully the work that we have on hand. If we do this, we are sure to have a happy new year every year throughout our life. A Happy New Year to everybody, to early school c_hildren ! -Dr. I. Panlasigui ------·---<o> Why You Should Read PANORAMA PANOltAMA publishes a variety of reading matter, dealing on education, politic8, economics, scic•nce, literature, biography, humvl', travel, and other subjects of interest, gleaned from the world's leading magazilles, books, anrl newspapers and condensed for quick and easy reading. The originals are by the greatest writers of Europe. America, and Asia. The materials selected are those that &l"e most likely to be of intnest to Filipinos. PANORAMA is the very thing _fol' those who have no time to r('ad, and are therefore missing some of the best things in life. One to three minutes will complete the readin&' of ~he average article. PAr.;unAMA is read by businessmen, professionals, public official:;, teachers, students, clerks, etc. PANORAMA costs only twu pesos a year. Every is:;ue is of permanent "·alue. 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COMMUNITY EDUCATOR in 2 volumes' Approved in Academic Bulletin No. 3, s. 1935 ··as Pupils' reference for Grades VI and VII on agriculture. gardening, health, social and economic conditions, government, politics, etc. also approved . as students' refe?'ence for secondary schools. · Price for the set of 2 boob . 1'4.00 net. 4. CHAIIACTER EDUCATION READERS-Storie.• On Conduct by Panlasigui·, A.B. No. 13, a. 1936 as Supplementary Reader for Grade V . .. . . . .. .. . .. .. .. l'l.60 net h CHARACTER EDUCATION READEIIS--Thinking of Others by L PanlasigulA.B. No. 6, e. 1937, as Supplementary Reader for grade IV 1'1.40 net .-.nld Ercluaiveld by COMMUNITY PUBLISHERS, Inc. 405 Padre Faura Ma,:.ila, Philippine•