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The Young Citizen: The Magazine for Young People

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Part of The Young Citizen: The Magazine for Young People

Title

The Young Citizen: The Magazine for Young People

Description

In the Young Citizen you will always find materials for children: Stories, Poems, Contests and Things-To-Do, Art, History, and Nature Study, Interesting Features, Book Chats, Science and Health, and more.

Issue Date

Volume 1 (Issue No. 3) April 1935

Publisher

Community Publishing, Inc.

Year

1935

Language

English

Subject

Children's literature, Philippine (English)

Children's literature.

Philippine literature (English)

Rights

Place of publication

Manila

extracted text

1 935 30 Centavos ~' . RANSOM BOND PAPER of the highest quality ·:· Available m white and colored writing paper and typewriting paper ·=· A. C. Ransom Philippine Corporation [Subsidiary o[ Ault and Wiborg Co. of Canada.] 717-719 F. Torres, Manila Tel. 2-22-21 AN ANSWER ON Why Printing Estimates Seem To Differ JL'l,'\\'L' ,1 \\'!d.: r.1ll).!.L' ol quut,l· '.., .1pp.1rl'nt!r th,· s,1mi.: ph.'cc ,:1l 1\ll prinLlTs prnh.1~1iy fi::-;urcd on the ·"·1111e pap.'r .rnJ size. but tlh')' d1t"fr1,'d vn lhi.: one thing you L11uld n,)l ~·\,1,Lly :-.p.:.:i!"y- -qu.1lity. Lach quotd on his p.:trtin1br quality It is dirkrL'llCl'---tlh· "l'., :e. dl·sign. LlSle. workmanship-· !hat giv\'s lll rrin1ing :ind governs tlw price al pn!1t..:rs .'\di the prod" uct or their plants. ()wil1q1 Printiny is the only kind we do. UNIVERSITY OF Tl-IE Pl-llLIPPI NES PRESS Printers • Bookbinders• Stationers• Publishers Tll'lephone 5-76-86 • 405 Padre Faura, Manila (ilhe )!oung <!Uti2en THE MAGAZINE FOR YOUNG PEOPLE PUBLISHED MONTHLY• Volume I Numb., 3 The Message This Month THE PLACE OF CHARACTER Last month's message brought to us the meaning of character. In this month's message we a1·e going to discuss briefly the place of character in our own life and in our own community. \Vhether we like it or not we form character because, as we said last month, character is the bundle of all our habits. Character has an important place m our life and in our community because of the following reasons-1. \Vhether we are ignorant or intelligent, whe-ther \Ve are poor or rich, young o·r old, male or female, we can have good charncte1· or bad character. A poor man cannot have the many different material things, such as nourishing food, comfortable home, beautiful clothings, automobiles, etc., which a rich man can have; but he can have a character which is more .acceptable and beautiful ·than that of a rich man. An ignorant man may not be able to acquire kncnvledge and wisdom but he can develop a character (Please fn/'11 to f)tlff<' 70) THIS MONTH APRIL, 1!18[> • The Two Brothers (A Story)-A11nt Julfo 51i Felipe's Queer Adventure (A Story)-~tntoui" Mmioz 57 Children of the Sea (A Story)-Elisabeth Latsch 59 Do You Know? 60 Teodora Alonzo y Quintos-Encanmcion Alzona 61 Awog (A Legend) T. /'. ;llvurico The Adventures of a Beggar Boy (A Story)Jufio Ccswr P1ni<t How to Make Rox Kites (Hobby Page)-Gilm.o 62 63 Hnldovino 65 A \Vendish Mother and Child 6fi That Funny Cat (A Poem)-M. G. C. 67 Drawing Lessons for Little Artists-Gilmu Baldovinu l'cn and Pencil Circll• Books to Read The Making of Laws During the Philippine Commonwealth .. 68 69 '10 71 Kiko's Adventures (A Monthly Comic Stripe) 72 \\'hat Do You Know About Nature"! . 72 Lcarni11g to Use Nl'w Expressions 72 To a Cu\asisi (A Song)--.-111tonio Mwloz . 7:-l Every Month In THE YOUNG CITIZEN you will always find: Stories Young. people will read again and ,again-stories that build character, folklore, fanciful stories, and educational stories. Poems that the young people of the Philippines love. Contests and ThingsTo-Do Games, puzzles, things to make, cooking, drawing, etc. Art,· History, and Nature Study Beautiful photographs and entertaining articles and stories which can really entertain and interest young people in these important subjects. Interesting Features The Pen and Pencil Circle, which stimulates creative expression; the Hobby Page, which opens the way to new interests and develops initiative; and the Citizenship Page, which instills practical ideals of good citizenship in the boys and girls who tomorrow will be the leaders of the world. Book Chats About books and authors young people will Le intnested in. Thi' Factory of Nature 74 Science and Health Talks on scientific subjects, The Universe and the Stars Cross-Wol:d Puzzle 7G special recipes and menus, articles on health and sani78 tation. Editv,.ial Director· Jo:;l' F.. Romero. Subscription Price: P3 for one year of 12 issues; $2.00 in the United States and foreign countries. Single copy, 30 centavos. Contrilwtin,17 Edito;·s: Juliana C. Pineda, Encarnacion Alzona, Emilia Malabanan, Ursula B. Uichanco, (.', Panlasigui. Staff Writer: Elisahdh Latsch. B11sine.~s Mmmyer: A. P. R. Raagas. Published by COMMUNITY Pl!BLISIIERS, ll\'c., 40!i P. Faura, Manila, Philippine Islands. Subscriptions are to be paid to COMMUNITY PUBLISHERS, INC. 405 P. Faura, Manila, P. I. Copyright, 1935, h11 Comnwnit11 Publishers, ln1~. 56 THE YOUNG CITIZEN April 19J5 The Two Brothers pieces were sea ttered on the ground. Little Stories For Little People Eddie pushed the door open. Without saying anything, he struck Jaime many times. He struck him on the head. He struck By Aunt Julia "M AMMA, Jaime does not want to give me my red ball," Eddie cried running to his mother. "Let your brother have it for a while, Son," his mother said kissing him. Eddie did not say anything, but he was angry. He went out and sat on the steps. "I do not like Jaime. I do not want any brother. If he does not give me my ball, I will beat him with a stick." Eddie ran down the stairs. He found his ball in the mud. He picked it up and washed it. "I will lock it up in Papa's desk," he said to himself. "I shall ask Papa to give me a box with a lock." Eddie went up to the boys' bedroom. Things were thrown on the floor. His bag was under the bed. He crawled to reach it. It was empty. His drawing book and box of crayons were gone. "Jaime has my things, the bad, bad boy. He is not my brother at all," Eddie murmured in anger. He ran out to the garden. Jaime was not there. He looked into the kitchen. Jaime was not there. Eddie ran toward the garage. The garage door was closed. He peeped through a crack. What do you think he saw? Jaime was lying on the garage 11001·. Open before him was his older brother's drawing book. The crayons were broken to small pieces. The Jaime on the back. He pulled Jaime's hair and Lit him on the finge1·s. He wished Jaime's fingers we1'e cut. Jaime screamed. When he got up, he ran into the house, shouting "Mamma" as loud as he could. The 1·est of that afternoon Eddie was locked up in the bathroom. The next day the house was ve1·y quiet. Jaime was sick. He had a high fever. Father and Mother talked very softly. Eddie played alone. He put all his toys out. He played with all of them. When he was ti1·ed, he put them away. He went to the garden. He played skipping rope. He played hand ball. Soon he was tired of being alone. He wanted to play on the see-saw. There was nobody to play with. He wanted to play "hole in." There was nobody to play with. Eddie went upstairs quietly. He walked into the bedroom softly. He looked at Jaime. Jaime's face was red. Eddie touched his · brother's forehead. It was ve1·y hot. Eddie walked out of the room slowly. He sat on the steps. The1·e seemed to be a big lump in his throat. He tried to swallow it and said brokenly, "God, God, I want Jaime now. I do not ... want him . . to die. I will give him . . . my ball . . . and my drawing book . . . and my crayons . and .. and . . anything." April 1.985 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 57 Felipe's Queer Adventure By Antonio C. Munoz FELIPE was only twelve years old but his unusual strength was admitted by all the boys in his neighborhood. When a qual'l'el arose among his playmates, it was always Felipe who settled it. They all loved him but at the same time they feared him. It would not take him long to bring a stubborn or waywai·d playmate to subm1ss10n. He was honest and trnstworthy in that he never touched things which did not belong to him without the owner's pernuss1on. He was kind to animals, particularly the smaller ones like the frogs and the lizards. He lived with his foster parents in a hut. On one side of his home was the sea, and on the opposite side at a .distance of about five kilometers was a dense forest inhabited by wild animals. Felipe had an extrao1·dinary appetite. The biggest prnblem of the poor couple from day to day was how to secure enough food for their adopted son who cared for nothing else but a good meal. Although they kept domestic animals and a poultry in their home, both of the foster parents devoted much of thei1· time to fishing. Thei1· catch, however, would not meet the food expense of the family due to the excessive meals of Felipe. At last to help solve all these difficulties, they began to sell their cows and chickens. This went on from year to year and when Felipe was sixteen years old, they had prncticaily nothing left. ~The only things left in the home were the . ~ fish net and the hook and line with which ~the father would not part. j It was at this time that the foster fathe1· and mother thought of a plan. After a long conference, they decided to get rid of q;: their adopted son who had caused them ~ misery and brought them to that pitiable ~ condition. They decided to kill him in the forest by having a t1·ee fall on him. On the day fixed for the death of Felipe, the fisherman and his wife called their adopted son. "Felipe," the fisherman said, "you are old enough to help us. You are strong and healthy. Let us go to the forest today and cut trees for the posts of a new house that I shall build. You see this hut will soon fall. Will you go with us, Felipe?" "I will, father," the boy answered. "Are we ready to go?" "·Yes," said the fisherman, "we are." So off to the forest they went. Their chance to kill Felipe did not come until they came to a big tree. "Felipe," called· the fisherman, "stand on that side while I cut the trunk of this ·t1·ee. Catch the middle part when it falls so that it will not break. It is heavy, perhaps, but you are strong. I am sure it will not hurt you." Felipe understood the purpose of his foster father but feeling confident of himself, he made no objection. He walked 58 THE YOUNG CITIZEN April 19.J.S directly to the spot indicated. The father cut the trunk and when it began to fall, he closed his eyes. After the crash, he opened his eyes only to find Felipe smiling with the upper part of the trunk 1·esting on his shoulder. "I knew your purpose, father," he said, "and I also knew why you wanted to kill me. You are tired of feeding me but I never thought that you would get rid of me in this way. I pity you and I pardon you for what you have done. Now let me ask you a favor. Give me leave to go out and see the world. Some day, if luck comes to me, I shall make you and mother happy till the end." The fisherman could not answer at once. He was ashamed of what he had done. He embraced him and finally he said, "Go, my son, and may God be with you. We've done you wrong, and once again we ask you to pardon us." "I pardon you," repeated Felipe, "and now good-bye." The couple went home sad. Felipe took the opposite direction and soon disappeared in the thick forest. Night came. Felipe sat down under a tree to rest. Soon he heard the piercing shriek of a frog. Up he jumped and was just on time to save a little frog which was starting on its journey into the stomach of a snake. "Thank you, Felipe," said the frog. "You have done well for saving my life. Take this little stone with you for you will need it in time of trouble and difficulty. If you put it in your mouth, you will become invisible." Before Felipe recovered from his surprise at hearing a frog talk, the latter had already disappeared. He sat down again and examined the stone. It was round and smooth. He put it in his pocket and climbed the tree close by. There on the flat surface of the first and biggest brnnch he slept soundly. At dawn, after he had .eaten a part of his provision, he resumed his journey. Late in the afternoon of that day he came to a city. He begged for lodging from an elderly woman who gladly received him. From her '- , Felipe learned of the · queer customs of their rule1; whom they called the Count, and of the beauty of his only daughter whose name was Menia. The woman also told him that the Count was a sickly old man and that he had made up his mind to marry his daughter to the man who would pass certain tests. "These tests are not made known to the public," said the woman. "Anyone who t1·ies must eithe1· pass all of them or forfeit his life." "And has no one 1·isked his life for such a beautiful girl?" asked Felipe. "Oh, son," the woman sighed, "many have tried but they have all failed. Not one of them has come out of that castle again." "Tomonow," Felipe exclaimed, "I shall present myself at the palace and I assure you, my good woman, that I shall succeed." The woman said, "I like you, son, for you look honest, and honesty is something very rare in this place. I hate to see you doomed like the rest but there is something in you which makes me feel assured of (Pleose turn to page 76) April J.935 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 59 CtttLDREn OF qttE SEA By Elisabeth Latsch V ERY eal'ly one Sunday on one of those many thousands of islands of the Philippines, two little boys came down to the seashore with their fathe1· and mother. Along the coast were huge 1·ocks. There they scmmbled up almost tumbling down on the othe1· side. The ocean waves came rolling and swishing towards the boys-one whitecapped wave after another. It seemed the waves we1·e running to meet them. Indeed, the waves were greeting the children and they were inviting them to play in the beautiful bay. The bright rays of the sun could not yet be seen, and the wa1·mth could not yet be felt upon the big water. Both boys took off their clothes. Slowly into the water they stepped. They were really just a little timid. Ve1·y soon, however, Juan who was the elde1· of the two, was much in advance. "Come here, come here," he called out to his little brother Wilfredo. But to his surprize he heard a thin little voice cry, "No, the water tickles my legs and the wind makes me shiver." Juan laughed at Wilfredo. Then Juan thought of speaking wisely. "Wilfredo," he said, "boys must not mind such things. Anyway, it isn't cold at all after you a1·e really under the water." In the meantime their father and mother had gone out quite far. The water reached to their waistline. Both of them stood very still. Mother had kept on her bright 1·ed skirt and her pink bodice. She had raised he1· skirt to he1· knees. Much of it was bundled a1·ound her waist and the ends were firmly tucked in at the belt. She stood there with he1· arms folded. Between her Ii ps she held a cigarillo. But father, too, had kept his clothes on. His black trousers were rnlled above the knees. He wore a white wmisa-thino. His head was covered with a lai·ge grass hat, a ba/w1go_t. A deep nanow basket was hanging upon his left ami. Juan was having a wonderful time swimming -: about. But imagine! Wilfredo was still standing in the same place. Finally, his mother came over to him. As she app1'oached him she splashed Wilfredo's head. Then he felt the water splashing over his shoulders and down his back. Soon his mother was splashing and splashing him all ove1» How Wilfredo laughed! He tl'ied rubbing the wate1· from his eyelashes, but the1·e, splash-another fresh shower came clown upon him. What fun it was having mother play with him like that! Really the wate1· wasn't cold after all. And when he stayed unde1· it entirely the wind could not blow against him. When mother stopped playing with him, Wilfredo began to splash about and he. began to feel around in the bottom fo1· shells and for many other sea toys. Wilfredo's mother had gone back to the place where fathe1· stood. Father had just dropped something into the long basket. Wilfredo womle1·ed. Both his father and mother seemed to be standing- veq still again. There, mother's ·foot peeped out of the wate1» Wasn't there something between her toes? Why, it was a clam! So that was what they were really doing. They we1·e feeling and digging around with their toes until they found the little clams. Certainly the water was not clear 60 THE YOUNG CITIZEN April t93J enough to see down to the sandy bottom. Mother took the clams which she found over to father and dropped them into the narrow basket. "Let me have the matches, please," he heard his mother say. "The fire in my cigarillo went out while I was splashing Wilfredo." Father raised his hand and carefully reached under his balangot bringing out a box of matches. Surely, the matches could not get wet on his head covered by that large grass hat. When they had been in the water about two hours, their basket was quite full. "Juan and Wilfredo, we are going home now," called their mother. So they all walked back towards the rocks and stepped out of the water. The two boys dressed. They had hidden their clothes in a sheltered place between and under some rocks. But father and mother kept their wet clothing on. A long walk in the sunshine was yet ahead of them; and when they arrived at their pretty little nipa hut their clothes were quite dry. By this time Juan and Wilfredo were very, very hungry. So mothe1· cooked the dinner right away. After they had all eaten the little fresh clams and many, many helpings of the nice white rice, mothe1· fetched some of the short Ii ttle bananas that grew in their own yard. And then all of them felt quite happy and contented. But they were just a wee bit tired and sleepy. So father went to the corner of the room and brought out a large buri mat, made from the fiber of the palm. Then mother helped him unfold it and together they spread it upon the bamboo ·floor~ There the whole family stretched out for a nice long afternoon nap. Juan had a wonderful dream. He found himself a grown man, a great fisherman, the owner of a panandawan. And Wilfredo dreamed again and again that his mother was still splashing him all over with the cool salty sea water. DO YOU KNOW? Some birds suffer from diseases as those suffered by human beings. Parrots are subject to asthma. Tuberculosis is a disease of pheasants and doves. And do you know that canaries become bald~headed? Conversation of chickens is said to be unde·rstandable by humans. Scientists have discovered that there are 23 different notes made by chicks and their parents; and ten of these notes can be understood by one who cares for them. Domestic cats are believed to be descended from Egyptian and European wildcats tamed centuries before· Christ. Chinese have fighting crickets. Do you know what a cricket is? A champion fighting crieket is worth as much as 'flOO in Hong Kong. The Siamese have fighting fish. Have you seen one? The Philippines prnduces more cop·ra than any otfier country in the world. The ships which sailed between the Philippines and Mexico 250 years ago \Vere called galleons and were mostly built in the Philippines. Only 50 Filipino laborers can enter the United States every year. Next year or next December when the Philippine Commonwealth will be established the name of this country will be The Philippines. It will not be called The Philippine Islands anymore. The new king of Siam is a young boy 11 years old. The king of Yugoslavia is also a young boy. The king Of Siam is called King Ananda; and that of Yugoslavia, King Peter. Avril 19.1.5 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 61 T EODORA ALONZO Y QUINTOS was the mother of our national hero Rizal. She belonged to a well-to-do and cultured family of Manila. Her father, Lorenzo Alberto Alonzo, was an educated and wealthy man. He was at one time capitan of the municipality of Bifian, Laguna. Her mother, Brigida de Quintos, was also well educated and good in mathematics. Among her relatives were lawyers and priests. She was born in Novembe1·, 1827, in Manila. She first studied reading and writing at home under her mother. Then she was placed in one of the well-known convent schools in Manila, the Colegio de Santa Rosa. Here she received an educa. tion considered sufficient for young ladies · in those days. In 1848--she was married to Francisco Rizal Mercado of Blfian. They made their home in Calamba, Laguna. They had ten children; namely Saturnina, Paciano, N arcisa, Olimpia, Lucia, Maria, Jose, Josefa, Trinidad, and Soledad. Like the typical Filipino mother she was devoted to her family. She was the head of the househofd and the manager of the family property. She was known to be a Teodora Alonzo lJ Quintas (1827-1911) By Dr. Encarnacion Alzona successful business woman. He;· family was the richest in the town of Calamba. In dealing with her children she displayed firmness of character. She demanded obedience from them, and she reprimanded them when they committed any fault. One of the stories she used to tell them was The Moth and the Lamp. It was about a moth which was burned in the flame of a lamp, because it disobeyed its mother. She taught them their first letters. It was she who taught Rizal how to read in Spanish from a popular reader entitled Amigo de los Niiios. When Rizal began writing poetry, his mother was his critic, for she had literary ability. She was a martyr. As she lived on land owned by the fl·iars, Calamba was a friar ~state, she came into conflict with the friars. She was subjected to all kinds of vexations, and finally the friars, and later the Guardia Civil, brought false charges against her. For her trial, she was ordered to go to the capital of the Province of Laguna, Santa Cruz. She was compelled to walk all the way from Calamba to Santa Cruz. Although found innocent, she was thrown into prison where she stayed for two and one-half years. With Rizal's persecution, he1· troubles increased, for she was not spared by the Spanish authorities. Some of the family property was confiscated, and the family was ordered out of Calamba. The family then moved to Manila. As a culmination of her sufferings, she lived to see her son executed fo1· being a patriot who loved his country more than his life. The Philippine Assembly in 1908, recognizing her great sacrifice, proposed to grant her a pension in her old age, but she refused it saying: "My family have never been patriotic for money." She died in 1911, a true patriot, worthy of the homage and veneration of the Filipino nation. Tim YOl''.'iG CITIZEN ' ~~-M ANY years ago in the island of Siquijo1· there lived in its mountains a strange person. He was known among the people of the place by the name of Awog. He had the powers of a magician, but he was a very good and kind man. Thieves were very much afraid of him. He wa,; thei1· enemy. But the honest people of the mountains loved him, because he pl'Otected then· carabaos, goats, chickens, coconuts, and other things from robbers. Many stories we1·e told about Awog. There was once a man who climbed a coconut tree to steal the nuts. After getting as many coconuts as he could carry, he came down and started to run away with them. But he found that his legs became very weak and heavy. Much to his surp1·ise, his feet could only take him round and rouna the tree. Something seemed to hold him right at the trunk of the coconut tree. He could not explain why he could not move away at all. He put clown his load of nuts, and started to 1·un. But alas! his efforts proved useiess. He went on jogging around the t1·ee until he got tired and fell weakly to the gl'Ouncl. Morning came. The owner of the tree passed by and saw the thief lying down on the ground with a cluster of coconuts at his side. Everybody who heard about the happening knew that the great .An Old Legend A ID 0 y By T. P. Alvarico • THE GREAT MOUNTAIN GOD AWOG PUNISHED ALL EVILDOERS IN THE ISLAND OF SIQU!JOR man Awog had come unseen to help the farmer. At another time a dating band of thieves entered a house and stole all the valuable · things they could find there. The occupants of the house were then attending a fiesta in a neighboring town. As they passed out through the back door with the things they had stolen, the robbers felt happy. But the great man Awog was dis.pleased with this bad deed. At the foot of the stairway, the robbers, became weak and helpless. They found themselves running round and round the house as if they were tied to it by an invisible rope. At last the people came and caught the bad men. Awog had done another good work. (Please htrn to pOff<! 77) Avl'il 1.93;; THE YOUNG CITIZEN 63 Chapter One A LUCKY DAY T ONIO had been a begga1· boy ever since he could remember. The old man whom he and everybody else called "Lolo" was blind and a beggar. The only life he knew was that of a begging boy and leading a blind beggar. He was not ashamed to beg. He was accustomed to walking from do01· to door expecting to be given a handful of rice. But somewhere in his head was an idea, not very cleal', but an idea just the same, that he would not be a beggar all his life. It was unusually cool that morninr of Good F1·iday when Tonio and Lolo made their way slowly th1·ough the narrnw and crooked alley which led to the street. The old man felt his way with his camago11 cane which was an heirloom from his great grandfather who had been a cabeza. THE ADVENTURES OF A BEGGAR BOY • by Julio Cesar Pena • "I am sure we shall have good luck today," the old man began. "We always make much on Good Friday." "Why, Lolo?" Tonio asked, glancing up at the sightless eyes of his companion. "Because the remembrance of how the Lord Jesus died for sinners makes everyb~dy generous. Every kind act on this day brings about the fo1·giveness of many sins." "Shall we stay out and work the whole day, Lolo? Shall we not go to church this afternoon?" "We shall do both. The church is the best place fo1· work and worship today." Afte1· a long pause, the old man continued: "If we make much .in April and May, you can go to school in June." "0 Lolo!" Tonio exclaimed, "Am i·eally going to school?" After a while, Tonio continued: "But Lolo, it is impossible fo1· me to go to the day school." "We shall see what we can do befo1·e June. You are almost ten. I ought to have sent you to school two years ago. God knows I would have done it if I could." 64 THE YOUNG CITIZEN April 1935 "Yes, Lalo, I know how good and kind you have been to me." The morning proved to be both profitable and interesting. At a pabasa, every guest gave the begging pair silver coins. A well-dressed young man standing by the window was about to drop a bill on the outstretched hand of the old man but an old woman warned him saying, On thei1· way to church they passed a stand where several kinds of sweets were offered. Lalo and Tonio were invited to take generous helpings of ubi, bean, and makapuno desserts. The old man explained to Tonio that such a stand of free sweets was called ca1'idad. It was an act of charity on the part of the owner for the atonement of sins; that is; he did a kind act hoping to gain forgiveness of his "Don't you eve1· drop money from the sins. window, hijo, if you do not want money to leave you." The fine young man thanked the old lady good-naturedly and took the trouble of going downstairs to place the money on the beggar's hand. The old man expressed his gmtitude by entreating the Lord to pour blessings upon the generous youth. "May you have pel'fect sight all yolll' life," he ended. The hostess detained Tonio and Lalo for lunch. It was the hea1'tiest meal they had for many a day. The menu consisted of boiled mudlish with soya bean sauce, broiled milkfish with tomato and onion filling, and fish-pond crabs. The hostess saw to it that no meat was served nor anything cooked in lard. The church was packed. The people stood so close together that it was impossible for one to move. There were weeping, sobbing, screaming, and fainting at the recollection of the suffering and death of Christ. The beggars wem home thankful and happy. Tonio was trying to guess how much they had made. If only every day we1·e as good as Good Friday! "Could he go to school?" was the question he repeated to himself over and over again. The old man bl'Oke into his thoughts. "I will set aside om· today's earnings. We shall see how much we have when we reach home. I am anxious to send you to school. There is a prediction about the fortune of the person to whom the last member of our family will give this ~ cane." "0 Lalo! What is it? Tell me the story, please!" "Yes, hijo, after supper." (What is the story of the cnm<Lf!Olt cane? What fortune will its next O\vner have? Read the next issue of The Young Citizen.) April 1935 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 65 HOBBY PAGE Conducted by GILMO BALDOVINO ·HOW TO MAKE BOX KITES· B OYS, can you fly a kite? Perhaps you can. But do you know how to make one? Most of you can make om· native kites, which we call saringolas. Have you ever tried to make another kind, the box kite? It is easy to make a box kite and it is easy to fly one. Unlike the saringo/as, the box kite does not swing very much to the left or to the right side. When we have kite-fights we use the saringolas. We cannot use the box kites in kite-fights because they fly gently. In fact, if there is enough wind to pull the kite up, you can tie the string to a branch of a tree and you can leave the box kite flying by itself for hours and hours. In making a box kite, the first step is to get the proper matel'ials. All you need are bamboo sticks, ordinary kite paper (papel de japon), string, and some good paste. If you want a box kite 24 inches high and 24 inches wide from wing to wing the second st~p is . to p1·epare three bamboo sticks, 24 inches long each; and four triangles made of bamboo sticks of the same length. Each side of the triangles must be 12 inches long. Then tie the th1·ee sticks to the corners of the fom· triangles. In tying them, the triangles must be equally distant from each othet'. Then cover the two t1·iangles (the u ppe1· Dne and the lower one) with yom·. pa]Je1· leaving the middle triangle uncovered as shown in the illustration. The next thing to do is to make the two wings. The width of each wing is 6 inches from the side of the box to the tip. 910£. ·1'LAN0FTH< e<>x \(\To· "{j.,lly1'antl 1S. at!;usi~DI• alllutn-~h; The sides of the wings are of barn boo sticks also. After the sticks are attached to the box, cover them with p;:iper, too. Then place the wing brace. This is the string that is tied to the tip of the wing to the middle stick of the box as shown in the picture. The contl'Ol bent is easily ar1·anged by following the arrangement made in the illustrntion. 66 THE YOUNG CITIZEN April 1935 A WENDISH MOTHER AND CH IL D H A VE you ever heard of the Wen dish folk? Do you know where they live? They now live in Lusatia which is located in Germany. But a long, longtime ago the Wends were only a neighboring people of Germany. Today 111,000 of them inhabit a unique stretch of land which is but a very short journey ·from Berlin, the capital city of Germany. The Wends continue to cherish and practice their old customs and traditions. Their festivities and their food, their language and their dress are still strictly Wendish and not German. Wouldn't it be a good idea if we kept all Philippine customs and traditions that are really worth while? Let us continue wearing our Philippine dress; let us sing and play our Philippine folk-songs; let us dance our Philippine folk dances; let us continue to be respectful toward our elders; let us be thoughtful and considerate toward strangers on the street and in othe1· public places. There are many good things Philippine that we should remember and practice. But we were telling you about the Wendish folk who now live in Germany. They settled In a part of the country which is quite different from the rest of the Ge1·man land. We said it was unique, it is! It so happens that the river Spree divides into many little brooks and canals · (Courtesy of Reichsbnlrn::critrnle fur den Dcutsche'll Rciscl'akchr, Bcrlin) in a part of Germany which is known as the Spreewald-the Spree forest. There thousands of little islands may be found around which flow the numerous brooks and canals. Instead of sidewalks on land, " they are all little crooked water streets. Each Wendish home stands upon an island of its own. The workman, the doctor, the postman and the policeman come and go in boats. Children travel to school in boats. People row to the factory; they row to their shopping; they rnw to church. Even the cows are rowed in the boats to s·mal! stretches of pasture land. In winter time; however, it is menier still. Then all the . little canals and brooks are frozen up. Big and small, old and young ride in sleighs or go skating along over the smooth ice roads. The Wends are a very industrious and thrifty little group of people. Even in the picture their dress shows how much time and thought ai·e spent upon it. Everything is immaculately clean and colorful and neat. Many good weavers and many fine needle· w01·kers may be found among the Wendish people. :'lpl'il J.9,'JS THE YOUNG CITIZEN •THAT FUNNY CAT• • by M. G. C. • I have half-forgotten What the kitten said; "Dea1· me, dea1· me," He whispe1·ed to himself. He looked at the lizanl, · And he looked at me; And then he looked away With a knowing smile. What was he thinking When he looked at the lizard? Why was he smiling ·\s he looked at me? And then I heard him run lJ nder the stairs Where I saw him laugh, That funny cat. 67 68 D£A1< (H\LDR.~N: ·CAH·You·DRAW.A:fl~H. l1H-z i<; an cza-;y way to draw one. firsr, draw fi9. 1, tha.n add the dher line.s as shown in figs. c,3 and 4. THE YOUNG CITIZEN DRAWING LESSONS FOR LITTLE ARTISTS by Gilma Baldovino 00 No.1 No. 2 G~. No.3 No.4 ·How-To·D~AW-A·'FUNNY·fAC£· 1. Draw a circlB. 2. Add !he nose, the •y•. ~nd mouth. 3. :Place the ear. Drdw an '5 ins id• of ear. 4.Then draw the hair. and cheek. April 1.93/5 0 0 ~t~~BY 3w· . •YOU CAN Ol:!AW HCI:! COLOR ME You can color this simple line di·awing with crayola, or colored pencil, or water color. ::\Iy sug·gcstion in applying color is not to use too much. Apply the color little by little until the right nrnount is obtained. The flowers may_ be colored pink, the leaves green, and the lil'anches brO\nl. For the butterflies, select only the brightest colors, like the yellow, red, foliage gi·ecn, orange, and violet. April 1.<JJti THE YOUNG CITIZEN Tanjay, Or. :'.'-Jegros marbles to Totoy. 69 return it but he cried and cried. So his Iola bought him one. He was so spoiled that he wanted everything he saw. When his "Iola" could not afford to give him what he wanted, he began b steal. His parents became very unhappy. By Preciosa Inna Pineda VI-A, Emilio Jacinto Elementary School March 22, .19;;,:; \Vhen it was lunch time, Totoy SCENES IN THE MORNING Dea1· Aunt Alma: did not eat. He only asked fol' AND SCENES IN THE I cannot write yet but I told some money. When he was AFTERNOON my mother to write this for me. given a centavo he ran and It was early in _the morning I told her what to write. searched for the ciga1·ette can, \Vhen I was awakened by the I am a boy. I am four years where his grandmother kept her crowing of the roosters. I went old. I like to hear stories. Some- money. \Vhen he found it he hurriedly to our bathroom to times my father gets angry when got the handkerchief in which take a bath. After bathing I I make him tell me stories for the money was tieri and ran went to our garden. The sun hours. Now I make him tell me away. His Iola saw him anrl was beginning its daily work the stories in The"Youno Citizen asked for the money. Totoy and saluting the new day. The as I point to the pictures. I threw the handkerchief. It hit flowers we·re in bloom and there like all the stories there but I his "Iola" on the face. He was a great difference between like best "The Dog That Jose laughed only and ran to his yeSterday and today. Did Not Like" because the·re is playmate. It was also that afternoon a policeman in that story. Oh, when I put down my books and I like policemen very much'. huJ"J'iedly went to the Luneta. I I am sending you my piCture sat on a big rock. The sun was with two of my cousins. I am setting and finishing its work. the boy at the right of the pie- The sun was throwing its rays ture. The picture was taken to be the pathway of the angels last year. I am also sending to the gate of heaven. you the song which my mother Adela B. Fu_qoso, VI-A used to sing to me when I was small yet. Please publish both. Thank .\'OU. Your young friend, Jaime M11fwz. I held the penholder \\·hen my mother signed my name. THE SPOILED CHILD Emilio Jacinto Elementary School Manila FATE As I have learned, in the day::. of old, Great men prosper, while others fall, "Lola, Lola," was the shout \\'hile rich men rejoice, the poor coming from the sala. It wrn:> ones toil, Totoy crying. He said, "Lola, Sinners repent to clean their Lola, Brother does not like to The other boy was holding a soul. give me that magazine." Then whistle. Totoy liked it very Poor was the rich man as time his "Iola" came and dried his much so he asked for it. went on tears with her "tapis," got the He said, "Lend me your His riches· perished, his power magazine from Jose, and gave whistle and then we will go to was gone, · it to Totoy. the seashore." He no longer could laugh at misTotoy stopped crying; but \Vhen it was given to him he chance of the poor, afterward he saw Jose playing went home and hid under the Great are the things that fate with a marble. So he cried \Jed. has done. aloud for he wanted to get the The buy ran after him and Jose C. Reyes, VI-A marble too. His grandmother told his Iola that Totoy had the Emilio Jacinto Elem. School heard him and gave one of the whistle. His Iola told him to Manila 70 THE YOUNG CITIZE!\ T() .4pril 1935 to observe the characteristics and habits of a classmate who has many friends, and to observe also a classmate who has very fe\v. He will discover that the friendly attitude of many school children toward the first child and the hostile attitude toward PETS. lhat the boys and girls of other the second child are due to Speak gently to the hercing·, and countries may enjoy reading· it. character. The first one has kindly to 1.he calf. Do :vou remember I once told a character that attracts friendBe blithesome with the Uunn.v, al you that many people in other ship, while the second has a barnacles don't laugh! countries are writing story books c:haractcr that courts hostility. for children and that many of A good and beautiful character Give nuts unto the monkey, and those stories are translated into is agreeable to, while a bad and buns unto the beal', many diffcreut languages? an ugly character is .condemned Ne'er hint at currant jelly if you There is a Frenchman who by, everybody~ lt is, therefore, chance to see a hare~ has done some very lovely illus- clea1· that character either makes O, little girls, pray hide your trating of children's books. His for us a cozy place in the hearts combs when tortoises draw nigh name is Boutet de Monvel. of our fellowmen and a beautiful And neve·r in the hearing of a Boutet de Monvel made the pie- nich in our community structure, tures for that inte1·esting and or makes us spiritually 01· socially exciting story of JOAN OF ARC. outcasts in our own community This is a book which older boys life. pigeon whisper, "Pie!" But give the stranded jelly-fish a shove into the seaBe ALWAYS kind to animals wherever you may be! and girls will be proud to have 3 .. Character leads us either on their book ~helves. Even to success or to failure in our the little sisters and · brothers life career. 'Ve have heard the Ashby Steny. will enjoy the story of the brave story of men and women who we·re on their way to success but who, before reaching their goal, fell down to failure and shame because of bad character. On the other hand we have heard also the story of men and women who started their life career in a ve·ry humb1e way, but rose up to the very summit of success and glory because of good character. It is true that intelligence and education secure one a job in the gov~ ernment or p·rivate business firms, but it is equally true that chai·acter holds or loses that job, sooner or later. Abilitv and temperament often times promise success in one's life rareer. hut character is the most reli:'tble guanmtec to success or failure. HA VE YOU ever heard of Tistet? Well, if you have not heard of him I shall tell you WHO he is. Tistet is a little boy in the story of THE POPE'S MULE. He is the Pope's servant. 'fistet is expected to take good care of the mule. But one day naughty Tistet takes the Pope's muli:> way up into the belfry tower. Up, up into the highest point of the tower he forced the mule. Imagine how difficult it was for the mule to walk up so many steps. How coukl the poor mule ever get down again? The story of THE POPE'S MULE is written by a Frenchman. His name is Alphonses Daudet. This litt!c book has been translated into English so The Place of Character that may make him be loved and revered by every one who knows him. 2. Character makes for us friends or enemies and thus makes us also happy or sa<l. It and saintly maiden Joan. They will be able to follow it very well by simply looking at the beautiful pictures which Boutet de Monvel has made. There is an illustration on every page. Another book, and that is a very small one, is illustrated b.\' Boutet de 'Monvel. The name of it is SUSANNA'S AUCTIO!\. ll is a story of a little girl who loved her <lolly vel'.\', very much. One day, however, Susanna was very naughty. She hroke her mother's beautiful vase. Susanna would net even say, "I am sorrr mother". Then something happc1wd to Susanna. But l must not tell you the whole story. There would not be anything left for .\'OU to rea(L MOTHER GOOSE. (Continued from paue !),-:; ) is not very difficult to see the reason why one man has many friends, and another has no friends at all, instead, he may have many enemies. It would be interesting for a school child Thus we see the place of character in ou1· own life and in our community life-( n it is a possession that everyone of us can have, (2) it makes for us friends or enemies and thus makes us happy or sad, and (3) it leads us eithe·r to success or to failure in om· life career. DR. l. PANLASTGUI ' ,/ THE YOUNG CITIZEN 71 lowed to do business with the government. Thus, if he is an engineer he cannot receive pay from the government for making a building or a bridge or any other thing for it. The Making of Laws During the Philippine Commonwealth Every year the National As~ sembly will hold a meeting. This meeting cannot last longer than 100 days. It may have special meetings. Each special meeting cannot continue for over 30 days. 0 N Saturday, ~farch 23, 1935, in Washington, D.C., the President of the United St"1.tes approved the constitution of the Philippines. He signed it in the presence of Manuel L. Quezon, the president of the Philippine Senate, Claro M. Recto, the president of the constitutional convention, and Manuel Roxas, a delegate to the constitutional con,.. vention and formerly speaker of the Philippine House of Re~ resentatives. Bells were rung in Manila to celebrate that event. The new government under the constitution is quite different from the p"l·esent one. This new government will be established sometime this year. The laws of the Philippine Islands will be made by the National Assembly. This will be the legislature of the Philippine Commonwealth. The present Philippine Legislature has two houses. They are the Philippine senate and the house of representatives. But the National Assembly has only one house. It is the National Assembly itself. Having only one house, instead of two houses, the legislative body of the Commonwealth will be less expensive to nm than the present legislature. It \Viii be able to work faster because it will not have to wait for another body to approve what it does. Some countries haYe legislative bodies similar to the National Assembly of the Philippine Commonwealth. Spain, Tui·kcy, Norway, Finland, LatYia, and a few others have legislatures with only one house. Do you know where these countries al'e '? In 1898 when the Filipinos declared their independence and made rt constitution in Malolos, they aiso provided for a legislature having· only one house. In the United States, the 11a~ tional government has a legislature with two houses. It is called Congress, and its two houses are the senate and the house of representatives. But some states of the United States arc now beginning to plan for a change. Nebraska is one of them. In the elections last November the state cf Nebraska . decided to change its legislature by having only one house instead of two houses. The people of other states are thinking of following the example of Nebraska. They believe that a simple government works better and is less costly than one which ls complicated. During any of the meetings, any member of the National Assembly may present a bill. Do you know what a _bill is? It is a writing which the person presenting it wants to be approved as a rule for the people. If the Assembly approves it, the bill is sent to the President of the Philippine Commonwealth. This person is the chief officer of the Philippine Commonwealth. He will take the place of the Gove1:nor General, who is the chief officer now. The President of the Commonwealth has the power to approve or lo disapprove the bill. If he approves it, the bill becomes a law. Every person in the Phil~ ippines has to follow that law and all other laws. The National Assembly of the If the President disapproves Philippine Commonwealth \Yill ii, we say that the bill is vetoed have 98 members. These mem... by him. To veto means to disapbers will i-·epresent all the prov- prove. A bill which is disaJ)'inces of the Philippines. As the proved is sent back by the Presipopulation of the Philippines in- dent to the National Assembly. creases, the number of members If two~thirds of all the members of the National Assembly will of the Assembly will vote in also increa.se. But it cannot go favor of that bill, then it will bebeyond 120 members. come a law even without the apIn order to become a member proval of the President. of the National Assembly, a per- So you see that a member of son must be at least 30 ~·ears of the ~ational Assembly \Vill have age. He must also be a citizen much power. For his work, he of the Philippines and a voter. will be paid P5,000 a year. Every He must reside at least one year good citizen should, therefore, before election in the province elect only 'the best men of his which he desires to represent in province to be membel's of the the National Assembly. ~ational Assembly. Having much A person who is elected mem- power, a good and wise member ber of the National Assembly of ihe Assembly will be able to holds his office for 3 years. make this country prosperous During· that time he is not al- and om· peop1c happy. 72 THE YOUNG CITIZEN April 19:15 KIKO'S ADVENTURES-Egg-Planting What Do You Know About Nature? OUR FOREST TREES The Tmigile Thei-e are big forests in the mountains of our country. In these forests we find many kinds of trees. Some of them are tall and large; while others are very tall but slender. One of these large trees is the tangile tree. The trunk of this tree sometimes g1·ows so big that if you make a hole through it, you can drive a carriage drawn by horses right through that hole from one side to the other &ide of the Uee. Do you know the length of one meter? If your father stretches his arm, the distance from the tip of his fingers to his opposite shoulder is about one meter. The desk on which you do your writing in your school is about one meter long. The distance around the trunk of a large tangile tree ts about 18 meters. Imagine how large that tree is! Let us cut a tangile tree and see the inside of the wood. Let us first see the part near the outside of the wood. The color is light and whitish. This part of any wood is called the sapwood. The inside part of the wood, about one inch o·r more under the sapwood, is red in color. Sometimes i~ is brownish red. The inside part of a wood is called the heartwood. You can tell the place where a certain piece of tangile lumber comes from by looking at the heartwood. If this is light red, we may be sure that it was cut from the forests in Southern Mindanao. If the color of the heartwood is dark red or brownish red, that piece of tangile lumber must have been taken from Mindanao or from the forests in the Visayan Islands o·r in Luzon. Tangile is the most popular lumber used in building houses in the Philippines. Although it is not a very hard wood, it is strong. If it is (Please tw·n to pnge 77) by Gilmo Baldovino BUT qoMe DAY<;? LATCR., CHICKS' APR~A"R.C'D NOT £GGPLAN'TS. Learning To Use New Expressions (Drive, drive away, drive into) Junior likes to drive his little automobile in the back yard. He likes to see the chickens running away from him. With his car, he can drive away the chickens from the vegetable plots. Driving away pigs· and chickens from the garden was his work. He does it fast when he drives his car. With it he can also drive the ·chickens into the coops. He can drive the pigs into the pens and the dog into the kennel. Answer these questions in complete sentences. Repeat the words of the story. What does Junior like to do? What does he do when he sees pigs and chickens in the garden? · What does he do when it is time for pigs and u..,gs to rest? More questions to answer. Do not answer with "Yes" or "No" only. Can you drive a ca:rromata? Can your father drive a car? Do you have to drive away animals from the garden? Does your dog have a kennel? Do you have to drive him into it at night? Fill the blanks with drive, drive wway, or drive into. A blank stands for a whole expression. Juan has to - - - the pig - - - the pig pen every evening. His dog can - - - the pigs from the vegetable garden. The child can - - - his kiddy car. Juan can - - - a carromata but his mother would not let him. Juliana C. Pineda (See answers at page 77") CORRECTION On page 45 of the March iss11e of The Young Citi.ze-n, is a s1mg, "Sleep, Baby, Dear." The l<11cer or alto -note Announcing in the fou.rth nwas11re of the song should be on the first line instecul of in the first .~pace. THE ·YOUNG CITIZEN The Ph;lippines' First Real Magazine for Young People YOU have been hoping and even saying all along, "What we need is Philippine Literature for our children." HERE is a magazine which brings to your home that which is Philippine for ihe children of the Philippines. READING is not common in the Philippines even among college graduates because in most homes young people have nothing suitable to AT LAST-THE BOYS' AND GIRLS' O\\'N MAGAZINE-A MONTHLY EDITED ESPECIALLY FOR YOUNG PEOPLE BETWEEN SEVEN TO FOURTEEN YEARS OF AGE! read-reading in school is not enough to fo1;m the habit. YOU are eager to give yom: children every educational and every cultural advantage. Here it is for them in an entertaining form. The children will find enjoyment therein throughout their many hours of leisure. It is an opportunity for them to absorb that which is good and beautiful, and therefore, educational! SUBSCRIBE TODAY: Published by an Established Concern COMMU:'{ITY PUBLISHERS, INC. 405 P. Faura, Manila Animals caunut Jivt> '.Yiihout Power. Fo1.--fnstatlC-e; lh_c_ strength plants. If green plants were to of a man comes from his energy. be destroyed today, human beings \\'hen a man dicS, he ·Joses his and animals will die of hunger. energy. The steam produce<! There are no mines of food :lS we from boiling water gives energy; find mines of gold, oil, silver, it makes machines run. The iron, salt, and other things strength of the carabao which under the earth. No matter enables him to pull a cart is hO\\.' deep we might dig into the energy. Electricity which lights ground, we cannot find food our houses is energy. The pe .. there. Food comes from the troleum which we p~t in our lamps plants. It is not made all the to give us light has energy. time. It is made only during certain months. Yes, the biggest factory in the world is in the green leaves and twigs which we find in the fields, the orchards, the gardens, the forests, and the wee<ls in the sea. Why are the leaves green'! Before we answer this question, let us first know something about the light of the sun. Sunlight !ms many different colors. Among these colors are violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange, and ·red. Every ray of sunlight may be divided into these seven different colors. "When a ray of sunlight hits a leaf or any green part of a plant, only a part of that my enters the The energy of the sunlight which is kept in the green parts of the tree is used by it in manufacturing food. How it is used, nobody can tell us exactly. By means of this energy, the green parts of plants take in raw materials. They also throw out waste. On the leaves and other parts of a plant, there are tiny holes. These holes a1·e called pores. Through them the air passes freely in and out. Besides these little holes we can also find in the body of plants and in their branches and leaves very tiny tubes. Through these very small tubes, water runs up from the roots, through the stems, into the leaves; and from the leaves the water passes back through -an· a1i(I Tlre sou-;- 11ui-1:.-1~ nnHmen products remain in the body of the plant. The ra\v materials are all very simple and very common. They are readily dissolved in water. Some of them are solids. They are from the soil. One is a liquid, which is the water. Another is a gas, which is the car~ bon dioxide of the ai1-. But what is carbon dioxide'! lt is a kind of gas which a human being gives off when he exhales. It is given off to the air. It is also formed when you burn wood, coal, oil, and other things. Great quantities of carbon dioxide gas are formed in time of big fires. It is also given off with hot gases from volcanoes. Carbon dioxide gas moves very easily. 'Vater, on the other hand, may be taken in or be needed by a plant faster than it can he secured. That .is why we need to water plants very often. The solids are taken in by plants much more slowly. They are the nitrates, phosphates, sulphates, and chlorides. These furnish the nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus, ( Pfrase turn to -page ':'8) April 1.935 THE YOUNG CITIZEN Cfhe Universe and the Stars 0 N a clear night, we see many at last they shine forth as stars. starn in the sky. The sky Some of them can be seen with looks like a big bowl cover- our eyes; but others are invisible 75 ing the earth. The earth also because they are very far away If many of these stars are very looks like a big room with the from us. much bigger .than the sun, then heavens for its round roof. But After millions of years, the universe must he very, very the truth is that the sky is not stars lose their heat and b~::: large. It is millions of millions the roof of the earth. \\'hat we dead. There must be many, many of miles. It is beyond our imsee as the heavens is but a wide, dead stars. They are black, in- agination. wide place which we call space. visible masses moving in space. The distance between the stars It is so large that no one has One dead star at times collides is so greaf that it is not measnred yet measured it. This vast space with another. Just imagine the anymore in miles. Instead of surrounds the earth. result of such a collision! The saying that a star is so many \Vithin thfa space we find stars, impact is so strong that. it prn- billions of miles away, astronomillions Of them. So large is duces terrific heat. That heat mers say ~hat the distance from the distance in this space that changes the dead stars into the earth to a star is so many the star nearest our earth is clouds of gas again. And from light-years. This means that about twenty-five million million these clouds new stars are prob-- light takes so many years to miles away. All this vast space ably formed. reach us from any star. Light is called the unive·rse. Even if two stars do not col- travels 186,000 miles per second, lide, a nebula, would be formed if or 5,876,068,880,000 miles in a The earth where we live is but they come very near to each year. That is the distance of a very tiny thing compared with other. The friction of the two one light-year. Thus the light one of these stars. Have you stars passing so close to each by which we see our nearest star ever asked yourself where the other would be enough to divide left that star more than four stars come from? Scientists think them into small fragments, each years ago, because our nearest that a long time ago in the uni- one of them becoming a new star. star is twenty-five million million verse there was nothing but Oar sun is a star. This sounds miles away. Other stars are clouds of gas or smoke. After strange perhaps because we do 30,000 light-years away. millions of years this gas became not see the sun at night. The thicker, and afterwards it hard.. other star.s which we see at night The ancient astronomers saw ened and so became the first are also suns. Many of them that the big stars· were found in stars. This is merely a guess of are thousands of times larger groups. These groups are called great scientists. \Ve know, how- than our sun. ever, that right now there are constellations. They gave these No one knows exactly how groups the names of their gods thousands of clouds in space, probably making stars. These many stars there are. There are an<l heroes. \\'e still use their clouds of gas are called nebulae. perhaps millions of them. \Ve names today. Among these conSome of these nebufoe have no can see only about 4,000 stars stellations are the Great Bear, shape. Others are like wheels of with our naked eyes. However, the Little Bear, Cassiopeia, Pegavapor. They are continually whirl- by using an instrument called sus, Andromeda, Perseus, Orion, ing. Astronomers, or persons who the telescope, about 1,500,000,- and the Great Dog. \Ve already study about sta1·s, believe that 000 stars can be seen. But there learned something about Orion this whirling nebulae move so fast are very many more which can- last February. In the next issue that as they become harder they not be seen even by a very we shall study the other constellaalso get hotter and hotter until powerful telescope. tions. 76 THE YOUNG CITIZEN FELIPE'S QUEER ADVENTURE your success. Go, my son, and may God bless you." Felipe turned around and there stood before him the queer-lookAp1'il 1.935 (Continued from pcigc 58) "I am," replied Felipe. "Do you see that castle at the The follmving morning Felipe ing person. end of the ga·rden ?" the Count was at the castle. A queer- "That's fine wo1·k," continued asked him. "Yes," answered Felipe. looking person took him to the the man. "I'll leave now for I Count. have duties to perform. So HI understand you have come long." "In that castle lives Menia, to take the tests," said the Count. Felipe was again alone in the my daughter. 1 want you to go "Tomon-ow at this time you will room but he noticed that all the there and get the ring which my daughter keeps in a tiny box. either live or die." doors and windows were open. You will find the bOx 011 the "Now, Cosco," he continued He looked out of the window. table in her room. As soon as dd . th 1 k' The streets and garden were you come to me in my room with a ressmg e queer- 00 mg per- deserted. Not a soul was in son, "take him to his qua·rters." sight. He went to the door. the ring, I shall call all my people and before them my daughter Felipe was conducted to a well~ Nobody was there except a coach and you will be united in marfurnished room. As soon as he and two white horses all ·ready riage." had sat down in a comfortable for anyone who would want to 'When the Count was gone, Felipe started fol· Menia's castle. At the door of his room he heard chair, the servant withdrew make a trip to a place far away. closing and locking ihe door be.. Felipe \vent back to his room. hind him. Felipe found himself On the table he saw bags of gold alone in the room. As there was coins. In a box he saw a collec .. one of the guards say, "Here he nothing to do, he lay down on tion of precious stones. There comes. Be .sure that you get the couch nearby. \Vhen his were diamonds, emeralds, rubies, him." back touched the cushion, the and many others. Anyone could "Don't worry," said another, light in the room became dim. have gotten away "with 'all those "for as long as I have this spear The things around him took on valuable things but the idea in my hand, that fellow will weird outlines. The doors and never came to Felipe's mind. never cross the line." window shutters creaked on He sat down and busied him- Felipe saw that the space betheir hinges. Felipe was not self looking at the pictures in the tween the two castles was well afraid. Soon he heard groans. room. gua1·ded. It was impossible for At last one of the pillars swayed him to reach the castle of Meand fell towards him. It \Vas "You are wonderful!" again very heavy and would have Felipe h~ard the same mocking C'rushed him io death had it voice. nia. He went back to his room and sat down. He was discouraged, not been for his superhuman strength. He caught it and it remained suspended in the air for a short time. Then again it slowly descended. Felipe use<l all his strength to check its downward progress. Now it went up as Felipe pushed it. Then it went down again as Felipe's muscles relaxed. At last with all the strength left in him, he gave the pillar a push and it fell to his side crushing the table nea·rby. He looked in the directi011 from "I'll g·ive it up," he sighed at which the voice came, and there last. Felipe quickly jumped up and immediately the room was flooded with light. Everything was in its proper place just as if nothing had happened. again stood the same queer-looking person. "Tonight," the man told him, "my master will come to visit you. He will give you the last test." Thereupon the man disappeared behind the curtain. Early that evening, the Count came to Felipe's ·room. "Good evening, greeted him. sir," Felipe "Good evening," returned the Count. "I see that you have proven yourself to be a man of extraordinary ability and I am 14 Well done, my friend!" mocking voice was heard. a beginning to like you. Are you ready for the last test?" "No!" cried someone behind him. Felipe turned around. There stood a frog smiling at him. "The stone, the stone! Felipe, have you forgotten the stone?" asked the frog. Immediately the frog disappeal'ed. Felipe was alone in the room. He thrust his hand into his pocket and drew out the small stone wh.ich the frog gave him. Then he put it in his mouth. \\'hen it touched his tongue, his hands, feet, and even his clothes disappeared. He knew he was there but could not see himself. He went to the mirror but there was no reflection there. April 19J5 At once he ran to the door towards the guards, slapping each one as he passed by. Each guard, thinking that the fellow near him did the mischief, lost no time in returning the blow. Thus started a free-for-all and the garden was in commotion while Felipe sped his way towards Menia's castle. Nobody saw him. He was invisible. He ran up the steps and was soon in Menia's 1·oom. On the table Jay the tiny box. He snatched it - and ran back to his room. Then he got the stone from his mouth and put it in his pocket. He was visible again. Then he went to the Count's room and gave him the box. The Count smiled and said. "I have been waiting for a long time and now you are here. I am very happy." "Cosco," he said addressing the queer-looking servant, "send for my daughter and tell all the THE YOUNG CITIZEN people to assemble in the gar .. den." When Menia came, the Count look her and Felipe to the garden. There he told his people that he was already old and could no longer carry on the work of a ruler. "Here is my successor," he added presenting Felipe. "He has proven himself to be brave, strong, honest, and trustworthy. Love him as you love me for he will make you happy." Then and there Felipe and Menia were married amidst the shouts of joy of all their subjects. Not long after that, the Count died and Felipe became the ruler of the city. However, he had not forgotten to send for his foster father and mother; and when they came, he gave them a house and furnished them with everything that they needed. What Do You Know About Nature? (Cont. from pffge 72) not always wet with w8.ter, kind of lumber. It is easy to tangile lumber lasts for a long work with ordinary tools, such time. But when this wood is as knife, saw, plane, and chisel. placed outdoors 01· is pnt on the It is easy to carve. Its grain ground it does not last long:. shows the figure of a ribbon Tangile is a kind of timber which we can see clearly when very often us1~d for making we divide the lumber. The holes tables, chairs, and other pieces or pores of the wood are quite of furniture. It is easily colored fine. Tangile is quite shiny with any kind of stain. Do you when made into boards. It is know what stain is? Stain is not heavy. the color ca1·penters put in a piece of wood. It is different from paint because paint covers the surface of the wood. Stain ·does not cover the surface at all. ·It simply sinks into the wood and gives it a natural color. For instance, if we want tangile chairs to look yellow, we put a yellow stain on the tangile. In the United States there is a kind of timber called mahogany. Tangile looks like mahogany. This is the reason that tangile is called Philippine mahogany. Tangile luml>er is usually large and long. You do not find many cracks and other defects in this The Philippines has exported to the United States much tangilc timber. Many American makers of furniture use it instead of mahogany. For this reason, in many places in the United States merchants are not allowed to call tangile by .the name of Philippine mahogany. Leaming To Use New Expressions (Continued froni page 72) (Answers) drive into drive away drive drive Awog (Continued from page 62) 77 Some old people today are fond of telling the strange story of the man who bravely tried to steal eggs from a back yard. 'When he started to run away with the eggs, he was surprised to find that he could not even reach the fence. Every time he would move a few steps forward, he found himself back to the place where he stole the eggs. Soon he became hungry. He took three eggs from the bag under his arms and ate them. An hour later he felt an unpleasant movement in his stomach. He had pains all ove1· his body. He became sick and dizzy. Then something tickled his throat. All at once, three chicks came out of his mouth. That was the punishment he received from Awog. COMMUNITY EDUCATOR (Jn Tum Volumes) No school and personal library in the Philippines can afford to be without copies of this work. It is in a way an encyclopedia of useful information on agriculture, industry , health and sanitation, civics, government, busi~ ness, economics, and allied subjects. Nothing like this has yet been produced in this country. Every lectitre or article appearing in this work is a product of a recognized authority- on the subject. Hundreds of copies have already been sold to different schools. (Approved by the Bureau of Education.) Send your orders to Community Publishers, Inc. 405 P. Faura, Ermita Manila Tel. 5-76-86 78 THE YOGNG CITIZEN Cross .. UJord Puzzle ACROSS I. Lincoln's nickname 3. A long period of time 6. Not happy DOWN 1. In front. 2. An animal. :i. "He" in Spanish. 4. Royal Academy ( Abbrevia9. The pronoun for a male ti on). person 5. A preposition. 10. A flat piece of stone where 7. The end of every prayel". one may write. 8. Before the sun shines in the 11. A female pa·rent morning. (in plural) 12. To put something in the 1:~. Tiresome. mouth. 14. This is said to be golden. 14. \iVhat you do with needle and 19. A large group of animals. thread. 20. In a short time. 15. One form of the verb to be. 16. A house whel'e strangers stay for a while. 17. A note in the musical scale. 18. The ending of the compara22. \Vhat is the cry of th0 animal in the picture? 24. To grow olrl. 28. Article. 29. Advel1isement tion). (Ahbreviative form of an adjective. ;-HJ. Preposition. 21. An African bird. :n. Nesrative answer. 23. A container. 25. A note in the musical scale (plural) 26. To praise yourself. 27. Not to be lazy. 28. A man's name in the Bible. 32. A prefix (for words like foJ"get). 33. A stick used by a magician. 34. The place where men and vehicles pass. OUR COVER THIS MONTH This is the vacation season. Boys and girls are free from schuul work. Some of them have to work in their homes helping their parents. Others, whose parents do not need their help in the home, spend their time playing games. The picture on the cover of this mugazine is that of a boy fishing. Have you ever been fishing? This is a April 1935 The Factory of Nature (Continued from pooe 74) and other important elements in our food. When the day is warm, wet, and bright, the green plants are busy manufacturing foods. These are sugars, starches, fats, and such things which are called p1·0teins. The simplest but most important of them are sugars. We see no smoke coming· from these factories. We hear no noise. We smell nothing from them. Instead of making the air dirty as do our man-made factories, these factories of nature purify the air, giving back to it oxygen. Note: Most of th!! facts contained in this o.rticl .. are taken from an artide writt .. n by Prof. George J. Pierce in the Scientific M(»lthlv of November, 1~34. SOLUTION TO CROSS-WORD PUZZLE OF MARCH ISSUE tine gaml'. Louk at the boy in the picture. He is in the open air. The ~ame of fishing teaches him a irood habit. That habit is to know how to wait. You can-· not hurry a fish to bite :'-'Olli' bait. Do you know what a bait is? A hoy who cannot wait will neve1· catch fish. When boys ancl girls grow· up to be men and women, they must know how to wait. Success in life goes to him who can wait. It is a good thing then for young people to play games \Vhich teach them how to be patient. This means knowing how to wait. Compliments o/ WHIPPLE S. HALL & CO., Inc. I 76 Soler . Tel. 4-98-09 Manila. P. I. D.0.BOX No.J'l6 The MODERN ENCYCLOPEDIA for Cl-llLDREN \ Co.copfeb:- in one volume) The Richest Treasure You Can Give Your Children 1,200 pictures 300,000 words Every Picture ;:ind Every Paragraph Allswer Your Children's Question How Much Do Your Children Know~ All ,J(l!Vt'. t:rowing 111111Js hun~a l\\r Lllb. Tlh"\ .n.: l',\gn tor .1nsWl'r'> t1..-~ liundr..:d'> ,11 4u•:sLinn"> Th.:y w.1nr p10..·tun:·s th.1t tdl thin~s anJ l.'Xpbna tions th.it tJh \' '-·,rn und..:1.·;t.rnJ. TlJL•y '\\',lilt ·kno\\·l.-dgc th.ti wdl lead thl'lll tu sn,"v; 111 lik. stimul.--ting intnrn1.11111n th.H will pu\ tbl'!11 .ihi: . .ui in tlwir wur}o- .11 :-,(huul (11\·, th'-·1n .llw ri~ht bu\lL'> .rnd th.\· \\•ill h·.:rn '-'•lf!L"Tl) Put Tlh· M,)(l.:r11 t:nq•clv_p,·d1.1 f\ir Childn:·n hl·i-1m· tli'-·m .ind .~c'-· how quifl-.ly thl·r lh·,·1•1lh' 1.'11 1r.1n .. Jd in it-. ri,!1 p.1gL'S. I bis '-'ntirCly nn1 ,1nd u11}!lll.1I \\'ur\.. is thL' ··c>po:n ~''·"·tnh··· t1.1 ti1l' wlwl,· \',1-.L lTl'.t\ury 01 \.-11u\\·!nlg1: h k.1th th,· lhiJdrl'll 1.)lt .1 111.·\·,·r-L·nding \'oy,igc ~11 1'1>L(i\'n\' i11tt1 d.u:.di11'.! wllntkrl.rnth 'I Irie .1m;i·,.in~ "lt1r\' 1>( till' ill'.lVL'n~. tii,· 1-i;.,.-,-,:h 111 ,11111 ,.Ii Ill~-. tin· wlr,-1-. nl 11 1 lur. 1:v lnnl1 ol m.rnhind ;rnd ih .riumph.1111 pru1-,1,·\" through the p.1g,·s ol hi:-.lory. '...:1,·::t s1,1ri,·-. !com JI! n,11i,111-. tliin~-" 10 rn.1k..- .rnd do, n··\\' ~.1111,·~ lo pl.ty hn<.'. in "i111plc •x1.irt!s .111d \'ind p;dur,·s .H<.· dll· p1l'(iLlll'> 1h1n~"" ,1r hu111.111 knt1\\'kd~t" \'iUl tn \t·n~itivc mind" ,1 gr1.·.H .l:'d l'\~L'i'\l i.ll fir~l o.: pl f\c'\1\~' 1 l1.1l \'\)\I (.lll ~,!_i\'1.' \'ll,UT lliildr1.·n . rn. OA y - _l lli: ~l0Dl·IZ0J U\C Yl I OPLDL\ H,llZ Cl lll.DIZLN 1~ tlw fir~t wprk ,,l 1h kind w1th1n till· ri:.1d1 ni" ,.,·,·ry puchl.'t In one lundv \'Plun11.·. it will bi: rtnlr childn·n's lllll\LllH ,·,n11p.1ni()ll. t_ oery elemer:tary school slwuld fiaoe this boo!~ tn Ifie library -, - Approved by the Bureau of Edlat~on for EICmentary Schools Sold exclusively by Communitq Publish~rs, Inc. 40S P. Faura, Manila Tel. 5-76-86