Young Citizen

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Part of The Young Citizen: The Magazine for Young People

Title: Young Citizen
Issue Date: I(1) February, 1935
Publisher: Young Citizen
Year: 1935
Language: English
Subject: Periodicals
Rights
extracted text: ·UJ ' I IJ), \ RANSOM BOND PAPER of the highest quality ·=· Available m white and colored writing paper and typewriting paper ·=· A. C. Ransom Philippine Corporation [Subsidiary of Ault and Wiborg Co. of Canada) 717-719 f. Torres, Manila Tel. 2-22-21 AN ANSWER ON Why Printing Estimates Seem To Differ Sometimes you rcCl'ivc a wide range of quotaLi~ns_ on what is apparently the same piece of pnnting. All printers probably figured on the same p.1p.:r and size. but they dilfcrcd on the one thing you could not exactly spc..:ify-quality. Each quotl'd on hi.~ pJrticui.lr qu.lliry. IL is difference-the style. design. L1Sil'. workmanship-that giv('S pawna!ittf to prin1ing and gowrns the price ;it which printers sell the product of their plants. (Jw.1li1y Printiny is the only kind we do. THE UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES PRESS Printers • Bookbinders • Stationers• Publishers Telephone 5-76-86 • ~05 Padre Faura, Manila Jht ~ o ung (itiitn THE MAGAZINE FOR YOUNG PEOPLE PUBLISHED MONTHLY • Volume 1 Numbe• I The Message This Month Our fathers and grandfathers lived in simple communities. They lived with very few wants and needs. We are now living in communities that are more complex, and we are enjoying a life that has more wants and needs. Compared with our fathers and grandfathers, we have more and better opportunities educationally, economically, and politically. and have more .physical comforts. Because of this fact we have more responsibilities, duties, and obligations than our fathers and grandfathers. This means that in order to be able to live honestly and intelligently in our present day communities, we should endeavor, to the fullest measure possible, to develop our abilities and capacities and to build in us good character. We should develop our abilities and capacities in order that we may be able to maintain life and enjoy its blessings. We should build good character in order that we may know how to live harmoniously and happily with our fellowmen. Dr. !. PANLASIGUI This Month FEBRUARY, 193~ Carnival Time (Poem)-Anatolio Litonjua . (Legend)-Petro(Story)-Antonio M11iioz ... The Boyhood of Jose Burgos-Jose Ramirez . 10 Arthur Greenwood-The Brightest Boy Living 11 What Do You Know About Nature? . 11 Banquet in Japan ..... . 12 Pen and Pencil Circle . . . . 13 The Whale-Giant of the Sea . 14 The Sky and the Stars-Orion 14 Do You Know That- 15 Your Health 15 Book Chats 16 Are You Collecting Stamps? 16 Aunt Julia's Corner ... 17 Our Hobby Page-A Carabao Cigarette and Ash Holder . . 18 Cut-Outs-Silhouettes 19 • Next Month The Little White Maiden .. Ligaya Victo1·io Reyes The Boy Prodigy ..... Ahiaro L. Martinez Little Stories About Rizal Art and Artists-Nicanor Abelardo The Awog-A Philippine Superstition . T. Alvarico Every Month In THE YOUNG CITIZEN you will always find: Stories· Young peopl~ will read again and again-:--stories that build character, folklore, fanciful stories, and educational sto1·ies. Poems that the young people of the Philippines love. Contests and Things-ToDo Games, puzzles, thing~ to make, cooking, drawing, etc. Art, History, and Nature Study Beautiful photographs and entertaining articles and stories which can really entertain and interest young people in these important subjects. Interesting Features The Pen and Pencil Circle, which stimulates creative expression; the Hobby PS:ge, which opens the way to new interests and develops initiative; and the Citizens]lip Page, which instills practical ideals of good citizenship in the boys and gil'ls who tomorrow will· be the leaders of the world. Book Chats About books and authors ~roung people will be interested in. Science and Health Talks on scientific subjects, spcciai recipes and me~us, articles on health and sanitation. Editorial Di1'ecto1·: Joi=e E. Romero. Contributing Editors: Juliana C. Pineda, Encarnacion Alzona, Emilia Malabanan, I. Panlasigui. e<+'tff Writers: Elsie de Gracia Conc.cpcion, Anatolia .Litonjua. St1bscription Price: P3 for one year of 12 issues; $2.50 in the United States and foreign countries. Single copy, 25 centavos. si1wss lvla.nager: A. P.R. Raagas. Published by COMMUNITY PUBLISHERS, INC., 405 P. Faura, Manila, Philippine Islands. Subscriptions are to be paid to COMMUNITY PUBLISHERS, INC. 405 P. Faura, Manila, P. I. THE YOUNG CITIZEN CARNIVAL TIME By Anatolio Litonjua Children, dear children, if you will be good, Father will take you tonight to the show, To the merry-go-round and the army parade, To the land where delights like the lights ever glow. It's Carnival Time. It's time to enjoy While we may. For the years will gn by like a dream: We awake and we find that all is not play, And men are not joyous and free as they seem. Children, dear childi·en, then be gentle and good, Father will show you a red and white clown And a woman in white like a sprite in the nightAll these you will .~ee in Cai·nival Town. f'ebruar!J 1 ~).; Februa1·11 1!1.'l!i THE YOUNG CITIZEN AND 111{ OLD(OUPL{ 'By Constancia L. Marquez BLANCA was the name of the cat living next door. Hei· fur was as white as the lace on Sister's ch-ess. Her eyes were as blue as the sky. She lived with an old couple whom the old children in the neighborhood called Lolo Juan and Lola Maria. Lola Mal'ia had found Blanca in the street one chilly morning seven years ago. She brought the sick cat to her house and gave her warm milk. She also placed her before the fire to warm he1· shivering body. Since then, Blanca remained faithful to the aged couple. She caught mice. She drove away bad cats who wanted to steal food from the cupboard. The old woman was gentle and kind, but her husband was cruel and silly. He came home late in the evenings and kicked everything that stood on his way. Once he held Blanca by the neck and kicked her out of the door. Lola Maria did not say anything. She simply went out and lifted -+-,, Blanca in her arms and carried her into . ~ the house. From this day Blanca was ~careful with Lolo Juan. She would not go j near him any mo1·e. She would not rub her fur against his trousers as she used to do before. q,.; One stormy night Lola Maria was darning her husband's socks. She heard ~ "~ratches at the door. She went to the oor and opened it. Blanca came in mewing like a child. Lola Maria knew that something was wrong. She thought that her pet was hung1·y. So she went to the cupboard to get her some food. But Blanca tugged at her skirt and pulled her toward the door. The old woman followed. When she opened the door, whom did you think she saw lying in the middle of the street? It was Lolo Juan. He was . stone drunk and dead. Perhaps he had been walking carelessly along the street. An automobile passed by and ran over him. Lo 1 o Juan's death made the good old woman feel lonely. Although he had been a bad man, she loved him still. She remembered the days when both of them were young and happy. One day Lola Maria fell sick. She co u 1 d not leave her bed any mo1·e. Blanca was always at he1· bedside. She snuggled close to the old woman to give he1· wai·mth, but in vain. Lola Maria died one late afternoon whell' the birds were going to their cozy nests to sleep. All the world was silent. Even Blanca lay quietly on a chair, her face resting on her paws. When Lola Maria's remains were being carried to the cemetery, the people saw an old white cat walking slowly behind the hearse. THE YOUNG CITIZEN February 1935 A Legend By Petronilo Abaya MANY years ago when the world was young, the Philippines was composed of only two big islands : Luzon and Mindanao. They were so close to each other that a strong man standing on top of Mount Apo in Mindanao could hurl a stone across the sea to the island of Luzon. Luzon was peopled by a very fierce tribe led by Bayani. The people of Mindanao, on the other hand, were ·peaceful but ambitious. Thei1· king was called Tanaw. He had a beautiful daughter named Lawin. Bayani and Tanaw had always been fast friends. They helped each other in war and celebrated togethe1· theil· victories in times of peace. One day Bayani visited Tanaw's kingdom. It was harvest time and all the women were out in the fields. As Bayani was looking out of Tanaw'~ palace, his eyes caught the young Lawin as she walked in the sun. Tanaw noticed Bayani was lost in admiration for the young maiden. "That is Lawin, my c\aught· er," Tanaw told Bayani proudly. "Beautiful!" Bayani exclaimed and he smiled at Tanaw. From that clay Bayani made his visits . to Tanaw's palace more often. He brought many expensive gifts. Sometimes he came just when the planting season began and his slaves did the plowing and the harrowing of Tanaw's fields. Then he came again when the full moon was up in the skies. At other times he came to fish mother-of-pearls in the deep south seas. All these Bayani did with the hope that some day Tanaw would give him Lawin in marriage. Many moons passed. Bayani labored hard in Tanaw's palace. Then he proposed. Thrusting his spear deep at the (Please turn to page 9 j February 1935 THE YOUNG CITIZEN ONCE upon a time there was a boy named Pastor. Although his parents addressed him by that name, he WJS known in the neighborhood as Pastolay. The house in which he lived was near a cornfield which belonged to his father. When his father died, Pastolay took care of this little farm. Pastolay did not have any school training. but he was industrious. He took good care of his little farm. When he was sixteen years old, he had saved a little for the rainy day. One morning when he visited his cornfield, he found some stalks without ears on them. This puzzled him. He had no idea as to what had happened to the missing ears of corn. Soon something struck his mind. He closely examined the ground. It did not take him long to discover the tracks of an a n i m a I . When he left the farm, he was sure that a monkey did the mischief. When he reached home, he got the lower part of a banana plant and out of it he made the figure of a boy. He did all he could to make it look like himself. At noon his work was finished, and there sat in front of him. the life-size statue of a boy as big as himself. He covered the face and the abdomen with a thick layer of sticky gum which he got from the breadfruit tree. Then he took it to the cornfield. There he made the finishing touche'>. That night people passing by thought that Past0lay himself was watching his cornfield. But the real Pastolay was hiding behind a tree eagerly waiting for what was to happen. Soon a monkey came. Pastolay in his hiding place held his breath. ''Good evening. Pastolay," said the monkey to the statue. "I am very hungry. Will you give me some corn to cat?" There was no answer. "Pastolay," shouted the monkey, "are you deaf? I am hungry. Give me some corn or r11 slap 1 your face." Still there was no answer. The monkey stepped nearer and gave what he be1 ievcd to be Pastola y a blow in the face with his right han~ "Take that," he shouted. "It's.the best medicine for crazy dumb people like you. The monkey's hand stuck to the face of the figure. "Let go my hand, Pastolay, or I'll slap you again," he thundered. As there was no response, the monkey struck the figure again with his left hand. It, too, struck where it landed. Now the monkey was so angry that he kicked' the figure in the abdomen, first, with his right foot and, then, with the left. Both stuck so fast that all efforts of the monkey to get free were vain. "Aha!" laughed Pastolay as he jumped from his hiding place. "So you arc the thief who has been stealing my com. Now you shall pay for what you have done. I shall skin you alive." · THE YOUNG CITIZEN February 1935 "Have mercy, Pastolay," begged the monkey. "I shall never do it again. I was very hungry and you were not here, so I got some of your corn without permission. Spare my life and I'll be your servant as long as you live.'' "If I spare your life, will you keep your word? What shall I do if you break your promise?" asked Pastolay. "Kill me if I don't keep my word," replied the monkey. Thereupon, Pastolay got a bottle of coconut oil and poured it on the hands and feet of the monkey. In .1 few minutes the monkey was free. He went with Pastolay to the latter's home. There he became a true and devoted servant. The monkey did all he could to make his master happy. One day while Pastolay was away, he found =i small purse with five gold coins in it. "It want to make good use of these coins," he said to himself. "If I give them to Pastolay, he may be happy but that will only be as long as he still has them in his possession. What can I do so that his happiness will be more lasting? He buried his face in his bands and tried to think hard. After a few minutes, he jumped up and exclaimed, "I have it! I have it! Now my master will be a happy man as long as he lives." In that same town lived a rich old miser whose sole joy was to gaze at his bags of gold coins. He had a daughter named Maria. She was beautiful. The young men of the town were crazy over her. The miser, however, would not allow any suitors. One day Pastolay's monkey went to the miser's home. "Good morning. Sir," he greeted the old man. "My master, Pastolay. has sent me to borrow your box for measuring gold coins. He .said he'll return it this afternoon." "I think you are making a mistake, my dear monkey," replied the miser. "Perhaps your master wants to measure the gravel in his little farm. Just take this box Which I use for measuring sand, but be sure to return it this afternoon." In the afternoon the monkey got one of the gold coins and inserted it in a slit at the bottom of the box. Then he returned it to the miser. As he started to leave the miser's house, the 1 a t t er called him. "Wait a moment," he said. "Here is a gold coin in the box. Perhaps it ts yours. "Oh. mind that," said the monkey. plenty of them. "My master has You may keep that but please lend us the box again tomorrow. You sec we could not measure all the gold coins today.'' For five days, the monkey kept on borrowing the box. Each time he returned the box, he always inserted a gold coin at the bottom. On the fifth day the miser said, "Tell your master that I shall be pleased if he honors me with a visit. My daughter. too, will be very glad to meet him." Pastolay who knew nothing of the monkey's activities was mad when he learned that he was expected by the miser's daughter the next day. "How can I go there?" he yelled. "I don't have decent clothes." "Don't worry, master, for before eight o'clock tomorrow you will have your .clothes ready. Now go to bed and plan how you will win that beautiful daughter of the miser," replied the monkey. Early in the morning the monkey was at the river. Soon a man came. He took off his clothes and jumped into the water. The monkey saw his chance. He got the clothes and ran as fast as he could to his master's home. February 1935 THE YOUNG CITIZEN "Here they arc," he said, "but don't ask questions. Put them on. A beautiful girl is waiting for you. Win her, dear master, win her." Pastolay had to go. At first he was bashful. but at last he won the love of the miser's daughter. The old man thinking Pastolay rich readily consented to their marriage. A few months later, the miser died leaving Pastolay and his wife all the riches that he had hoarded. Thus the monkey repaid Pastolay for sparing his life. Bayani and Princess Lawin .... (Continued from page 6) foot of Tanaw's staircase and bowing low, he said: "Hearken, Tanaw. I come with one mission: to get your consent on Lawin's marriage with me." But the prnud Tanaw did not answer. He only smiled, pulled out the half-buried spear, and returned it to Bayani, meaning that he could not consent to Lawin's marriage to him. She was engaged to Magat, the mighty prince of Borneo. Bayani walked away with a heavy heart. Lawin saw him leaving, his broad shoulders and his sturdy legs beaming like a young god's in the afternoon sun. Pity touched her young heart. But the Luzon king was not discouraged. He knew that Lawin looked at him with favor. He knew that she loved him despite Tanaw and Prince Magat. One night he crept into the silid of Tanaw's palace and carried off Lawin. The next morning the entire palace awoke in great confusion. Lawin had disappeared and so had Bayani. Thereupon Tanaw dispatched his twenty thousand lancers for a war expedition to the northern island. Tanaw decreed that the whole people of Luzon should be punished. As the invaders sailed across the sea, a storm suddenly came. The waves rose high and swallowed Tanaw's men. The earth quaked and moved mountains and plains. The land shook so suddenly that even Tanaw in his palace did not notice for a long time that his kingdom was pushed by the earthquake farther to the south. The kingdom of Mindanao was troubled for many harvest seasons. Desperate over his losses, Tanaw climbed Mount Apo and madly hurled big rocks across the sea, intending to destroy Bayani's kingdom. All the stones fell into the sea except the last which struck the southern shore of Luzon. Angered, Bayani seized the summit of Taal Volcano and threw it with all his strength at Tanaw. It struck the Mindanao king and sent him down Mount Apo. Many seasons came and went since then. Bayani died, but the children of Lawin lived on. And the memory of the tribal strife between Mindanao and Luzon lingered with the years. The big rock that fell on the southern shore of Luzon sank deep into the ground and left behind it a body of water called Labugna which we now know as Laguna Bay. The boulders from Taal Volcano that fell on Mindanao and killed Tanaw (Please turn to page 18) 10 THE YOUNG CITIZEN ~--'-"-(jcr, j ()lY, February 1935 The Boyhood of Jose Burgos / By Jose Ramirez WHEN you are old enough to study the history of our country, you will learn why three Filipino priests were executed by the Spanish government as a result of the Cavite Reva! t. One of these priests was Father Jose Burgos, teacher of patriotism. Burgos was born in Vigan on h·bruary 9, 1837. You can find V igan on your map. le is the C.lpital of llocos Sur, and it is the most beautiful town in the llocos provinces. Jose's father was one of the prominent citizens of Vigan and his mother could read and write. She was one of the few who appreciated the value of an education. Jose's parents were strict with him for they wanted to see him become a good and useful man. They worked very hard so that they could give him all the advantages of a good education. encouraged young Jose in his studies. He repaid his teacher by being always at the head of the class in all his subjects. As a boy Burgos learned. many things about his country which he never forgot. He learned that his fatherland was ruled by officers who were crud and unjust. He heard that his countrymen were unhappy, and he kept thinking about them throughout his life. In Vigan he saw the poor badly treated. the farmers' crops taken a way, and the people made to work hard and long and without pay. Everywhere he saw that the common people were not happy. He often wondered whether the people in other towns were also suffering in the same way. From his mother and father Jose learned to read and write. As a small boy he was studious. He always wanted to read, read, and read. He finished the Cartilla, and the Caton in a short time. Very soon Father llurf/01-1: Teacher of I'<ttriolism Jose's ability surprised his de] ighted teachers. who persuaded his parents to send him to Manila to continue his studies. He studied in San Juan de Letran. In this college he was the head student. He led his fellow students in a protest, for he thought that a Filipino who was next to him in line should be appointed his successor the students. The students knew he could read without the help of his parents. He studied hard at home and at school. His parents were surprised to see his rapid progress. So they began to think that their son would some day become a priest. Although he was studious, Burgos did not neglect his health. He played a great deal with other boys. He was obedient and honest. He hated to quarrel with his companions. yet he was always ready to defend his playmates if they were in the right. His favorite games wer~ San Pedro, biota, hide and seek, swimming. and running. In all these games he always played honestly and fairly. He was a good loser and a generous winner. When he was studying in his home town, Jose paid close attention to his lessons so that in a short time he knew more than his classmates. It was by studying hard. that he began the long struggle for an education - a struggle which he continued throughout his life. He took primary work under unkind teachers. He often complained that they did not teach him the meaning of the passages which they required him to memorize. To make him work harder, one of his teachers as the head of they were right and they won their case. As a result of this. Burgos made many enemies. His fearlessness when he knew he was in the right made many hate him. Burgos studied for the priesthood in the University of Santo Tomas. When he finished his studies, he secured a position in the Manila Cathedral by taking a competitive examination. You will study more about Jose Burgos later. He died in 1872 as a martyr. As a boy he was honest. obedient, upright. industrious. and studious. He loved his parents. He was a model Filipino boy. NEXT MONTH Stories about Rizal revealing his bright mind and keen wit even as a boy, his great love for things Philippine; about Leon Mu. Guerrero. the poor lad who lived to become one of our foremost scientists; and about Nicunor Abelardo, the humble but inspired composer of h.undimans. Februa1·y 1935 THE YOUNG CITIZEN ARTHUR GREENWOOD-The Brightest: Boy Living IN New York there lives a boy seven and a halt years old whose name is Arthur Green wood. He could not talk until he was twenty months old. But when he learned to speak, he surprised his mother and father, because he talked just as well as they could. At the age of two he could read. Very soon, he wrote music in his own way so that he could remember the songs he heard over the radio. Arthw· is the boy standing at the middle of the pictm·e In this manner, he could sing the o:- Professor Albert Einstein. This songs himself. At the age of three German professor is considered one he learned French. and then studied qf the greatest scientists in the world typewriting. He learned to type- today. This record of. Arthur's write faster than many old steno- intelligence is the highest. The graphers. ratings of some of the great men of Arthur's ability became known the world are said to be the followby many people only last Decem- ing: bcr. 1934. At first he studied in Charles Darwin, a great English scientist, 165 Benjamin Frankfin, an American philosopher and statesman, 160 NJpoleon Bonaparte, the famous French. soldier, 145 Voltaire, the famous French writer, 190 George Washington, the first president of the U. S .. 140 In the intelligence tests given to Arthur Greenwood, he was asked to answer quickly hard questions. Arthur was told to repeat backwards seven numbers given orally by the examiner. To him were read long and difficult statements. 3 public school. He is now studying in the Brooklyn Ethical CulL.lre School in New York. When lie took the examination to test the intelligence of every pupil in that ~chool. he obtained the highest Goethe. a great German poet, He had to give the meaning after rating: 230. Educated men and women opened their eyes wide in great surprise. Arthur's intelligence rating is t'.'Venty-five points higher than that 21 O they were read. Then he had to Ulysses S. Grant. an American define one hunderd words. Many general, 130 of them were very d~fficult, such as Abraham Lincoln, the great pre- ·homunculus," "shagreen," · and sident of the U. S .. 150 "sudorific." What Do You Know About Nature? THE following questions will must wear ·a muzzle, it does not 7. Which of these animals keeps test your knowledge of llold his mouth tight shut? its body at the same temperature Mother Nature and her chit- 2. Are there any animals that however hot or cold it is outdoors dren. At first sight, this quiz may never see their parents? -frog. bird. man, carabao, lizard, appear easy. After you have written your answers to all the questions, turn to page 17 and see if you have made the correct guess. 3. Do flies stay alive in houses over the cold season? 4. How far can a flea jump? 5. Are there any plants that are I. Why should you be very flowerless? careful to see that when your dog 6. Do all trees have .flowers? bear, whale, fish. monkey? •.· Can a dog climb a tree? t Does our body temperature vary with the temperature about us? I 0. Where do grasshoppers have lheir ears? 12 THE YOUNG CITIZEN Foreign Customs A Banquet m Japan IF YOU take a boat in Manila After the tea the same girls bring and go to Japan, in eight days in hot napkins. These pieces of you will be there. Japan is a cloth serve to clean the visitors' beautiful country, and the Japanese faces. Then follows the third people are very industrious. Many course, the pea salad. The girls of their customs and habits are dif- prepare the main dish, the skiaki, ierent from ours. Let us go to a on a little gas stove in the middle Japanese banquet and watch their of the table. The dish consists of a quaint way of taking their meals. big piece of fat, green onions, beans, Food is served on a low table sugar, soya-bean sauce, and :finally where the members of the family and the visitors squat and cross their legs. This part of their cus· tom reminds one of our own old· i.neces of meat. These bits of meat <1re mixed with raw eggs in saucers. J nstead of spoons and forks, Che Japanese, like the Chinese, use fashioned way of eating. Some of chopsticks throughout the entire our poor families to this day reg· meal. ularly take their meals at dutangs. Conversation ·beginS rn be inter· Uulang 1s the Tagalog name tor csting. · 1 he educated Japanese loves the low dinner table. ln Japan the dmmg room, as any other room in the house, is perfectly clean and orderly because the wooden shoes the people wear LO talk aoout music, art, history, anct literature. 1 ney arc very pohce • ma patient. At cne.,. enct or cne amner a geish(I arnves. A geisha is a Japanese are removed before entering the !>mgmg ana ctancmg girl. ;::,ne i.s house. The room has very sim· ar.compameo Lly anocner woman pie decorations. 1t is almost bare with a sna mi·st!n or !uce. 1 h< ot color except tor the brighc·petal· woman with the lute sits aown Feb1·uary 1935 The Sampaguita By Dr. Maria Pastrana·Castrence THE sam. paguita is the national flower of the Philippines. 1 am sure you know how it looks like. It is white and small and very fragrant. At night when the flowers bloom, they give a cool sweet odor. New flowers blossom .ill the year. They come out most abundantly, however, in the dry months oI April and May. The buds of this flower are U'iually made into rosaries aild necklaces. This is done by pass· ing abaca fibers through the buds. llang·ilang flowers and roses are tied at the end of the necklaces. Young women are fond of wearing these garlands around their necks . The sampaguita plant is a slend· er, vine·like shrub. It is about two meters tall. It grows best when it i'i allowed to lean and climb on frnces. The leaves are oval. They are somewhat pointed at the ends. They are arranged in pairs which <i.:-e opposite to each other on the Jed tlowers on pots at the Jow cro1:1s-1eggea ana oegms to ptay on stem. It is said that the sampaguita is shde open and shut. tlesides an· Or rather skips, in her white cocton ;1 native of India. The ·Hindus windows. Uoors and wrnaows her msuumenc. 1 he geisha ctances, other small table at the corner, the socks m tront of the people in the call this flower balphul. It is named only piece of furniture in the room room. All the men clap their s;1mpaga in Pampango, manol in is the dining tables. Things have hands co beat measure with her V isayan, and sampaguita or kam· ,_:upot in Tagalog. In naming this dancing. ·Then, one of them invites fk,wer kampupot, the Tagalogs are no importance in a Japanese room: the people are everything. the geisha to dance a one.step with misled. The real hampupot is The typical banquet in that neighbor country of ours takes place him. another flo~er belonging to the After a round of dancing, the same family as the sampaguita. Some people think that the name in a simple but impressive manner. geisha and her companion with the Two girls in bright silk kimonos lute sit with the guests and drink enter the room. Their dresses ar~ ~ake, the favorite wine of Japan. beautifully decorated with figures. The sake is served steaming hot. They carry trays on which little The party ends in a quiet way, and cups of green tea and pieces of green the guests, happy and entertained, candy are placed. depart for home. immpaguita was taken from sampaga. Sampaga is defined by a Tag.1log dictionary as a kind of flower similar ro jasmine. Another book says that it is another name for flower. The old folks in the Tagalog re· (Please turn to page 21) February 1935 THE YOUNG CITIZEN Dear Boys and Girls. I am conducting this column of the Pen and Pencil Circle for my young friends all ouer the Philippines and in the other countries fl.lr away. I would like to ask you to send me letters, short poems, and articles which you have written, or interestinq pictures and snapsho/.i, which I shall publish in this column if they prove to be good and interesting. Nex t month I am giving a surprise gift to any young boy or young girl who sends me the best letter telling the YOUNG CITIZEN what he or she likes most in this magazine. In your letter state hocv old you are, and where you are studying and in what grade. Send all your letters. poems. or articles. or snapshots to Aunt Alma c/o The Young Citizen, 405 P. Faura, Manila. AUNT ALMA. Dear Aunt Alma. uiilf enjoy it if you keep. being .1 I am a little girl five years old. good girl. Write to me again next My Mama told me I'm going to ,June and tell me about your school. San Roque Central School in June. AUNT ALMA 13 Soh.-uclvr Wants Friends My father iS thanking you very Prnch for the gift you send him. Your little friend, Nora Cruz Is she not a helpful, little secrctcry? Only, she will put her dad· I like my teacher in kinder· carten. She is very very good. My godfather is also very good. He dy in embarrassment if she does Dear Aunt Alma, not !ooh out for the tenses of het I am Baby Bella and daddy says verbs. took a snapshot of me. my little rn write to you to t~ll you I am Thanh you for writing to me, brother, and my friend. I am th~ your friend. I don"t know you Nora. little girl at the right of the picture. hut I think I like you. AUNT ALMA Your friend. Adoracion Legaspi Baby Bella is a mystery to me. Babv Bella Dear Aunt Alma, So you'n: going to school next She is my friend. she says, but does JunC>. Adoracion.> I am sure you not tell me who she is or where I am nine years old. I am in the Third Grade in the Bagong I3uhay Primary School. she can be found. Did you really write this letter, !3aby Bella? Do write me another I want to know many friends in all parts of the world. I am fond of sawing toys out one and let me know where I can of wood. I have made wooden pi· send you a little present. I think grons, deer, and cats. f Jihe you tob. I like to play ball. I also like A UNT ALMA to ride on a bicycle. Dear Aunt Alma, Your. friend. Saluador Jacinto I am Nora Cruz, the daughter You will soon haue many of of Mr. Jose C. C ruz. I am now them, Salvador, if you keep in eight years old. I am now in the !ouch with our column. Sawing fourth grade, and I am studying in toys out . of wood is good as lonq Rizal Elementary School. as you do not saw off your fingers. My father received the gift you .'<..ecp at it, Salvador! send him. He cannot write a let- AUNT ALMA Little Ado1·uc:J:.~ ~ict'~~-/hc Ri!lht uf tcr to you because he is very busy. (Please tum to page 15) Th_~ Sky and lhe Slars0 R JON DURING the month of January and February when the sky is dear at night, we see a group of stars right above our hl·ads. This group of stars is called the constellation of O~ion. A constellation is a group of small "'nd big stars. The people living in the country of Greece hundreds of years ago believed that Orion was once a young hunter. He used to spend his time in the forest. One day he saw seven beautiful maidens. They v, ere the daughters of Atlas. Atlas was believed to be the strong man who carried the heavens on his s'lioulders. Orion, the young hunter, ran after the beautiful girls. They were frightened and they fled away crying. But Orion ran faster than they ·were. When he was about to <;vertake them, the goddess Diana changed them into seven white doves. Afterwards she placed them in the sky as seven bright stars. These stars are Pleiades, the daughters of Atlas. In reality, there are c nly six stars in the Pleiades. The seventh, according to the legend, faded away when the city of Troy ~.,·as captured a thousand of years ago. Orion is accompanied on his j.::iurney through the heavens by his dog Sirius. This dog has been alTHE YOUNG CITIZEN February 1985 The Whale-Giant of the Sea Do you know what the biggest living animal is? It is not the carabao, nor the elephant. It is the whale. If you make a whale st,md upright on the ground, its hl'ad will reach the top of a tall coconut tree. Very few of us have seen a real whale. But in some seas in the l'hilippines, this animal is found. It looks like a fish. but scientists Lei! us that it is not. It is called J mammal. Mammals are a group of animals who feed their young with milk. Man is also a mammal. The whale has warm blood, while the fish has not. It has a well-developed brain. If it has lungs instead of gills, w by earl it stay for long periods under water? Because its lungs have become adapted to its present v. ay of living at sea. ' When it nses to the surface, it breathes out the used air in a column of vapor. When the whale is hungry, it swims on the surface of the water with its mouth open. Among the toothless whales, plates of whalebone take the place of the teeth. ~'hen seawater enters its mouth. tiny animals found in the water are drained by this whalebone. These sea creatures are then carried into the stomach of the whale. Imanary meal consists of cuttlefish and other large sea creatures. The most important group among the whales is that of the sperm whale. This whale is over sixty feet long. It is found mainly in tropical waters. In the Philippines dead w.hales have been cast en the shores. Fourid in its big head is a white, waxy substance which is used in making ointments and candles. Another gray substance called ambergris is obtained from the inkstines of the whale. It looks like chewing gum. It may be found floating on the surface of the sea. Jt is mainly used in the making of good perfumes. The makers of perfume pay big sums of money for a small qu.lntity of ambergris. A frw years ago some persons found a large quantity of ambergris near the shores of Mindanao. The oil of the whale is also used for lamp oil. Before petroleum v·as discovered, whale oil was more widely used than now for lighting the interior of houses. gine how many thousands of these Some people believe that whales small living things are needed to will disappear soon from the surfurnish a full meal for this giant face of the earth. Men who want of the sea. to make money from the valuable The toothed whales have a dif- things the what~ gives, kill too ferent kind of food. Their ordi- rriany whales a year. ways faithful to him. Sirius is stellation. ;.lso a star. It is one of the bright~ The constellation of Orion concst. sists of three stars in a straight line. The star on the upper left of These three stars are supposed to Orion is Beelgeuse, and the one on be- the belt of the hunter. the lower right is Rigel. According to the beautiful legend. the goddess Diana killed Orion ·whom she loved. Some say that she killed him, because he made love to Eos, the goddess of the dawn. This goddess is sometimes called Aurora. In her sorrow she placed him <ind his dog Sirius among the conJupiter is the biggest of all the planets. It requires nearly twelve earth years for this great planet to make one revolution round the sun. A man on Jupiter who lives to a hundred will be well over a thousand earth years in age. Feb1·uary 1935 THE YOUNG CITIZEN Do You Know ThatThree great Americans were born in February. They are George Washington. Abraham Lincoln, and Thomas Alva Edison. D There are more people in Europe than in North and South America c·1mbined, and more in Asia than in the Americas and Europe together. D Cebu is the most populated province in the Philippines. Its population, according to the latest e~timate, is I.141.742. D The Philippines was once connected to che mainland of Asia by strips of land. That was thousands of years ago. D Fishes and snakes can not close their eyes even when asleep, because they have no eyelids. Human bl·ings could also sleep without closing their eyes, but the effort of ·keeping the eyelids open is too great. So we adopt the easier course --and shut them. The little white marks on some people's fingernails are caused by poorness of the blood which prevents the nail-cells to work prope:·ly. People whose blood is not healthy have these white spots on their fingernails. D If you were born between January 20 and February 20, your zodiac sign is Aquarius, meaning the water bearer. Your ruling planet is Saturn. Your flower is the tulip. Some of the famous persons born between these dates are Father Jose Burgos, Napoleon, Galileo, Lincoln, Edison, and Mozart. 0 Florence Nightingale is known as "The Lady with the Lamp." Durir:g the Crimean War she wo'rked hard to save the lives of Wounded soldiers. 0 THE YOUNG CITIZEN is the first and only magazine of its kind in the Philippines. PEN AND PENCIL CIRCLE .... (Continued from page 13) Dear Aunt Alma, Dear Cousin: I want to have friends who.se I am very glad to write you a ages are like mine. I am ten yean letter. How are you now? How old. I was born on June 3, 1924. is Aunty? l am now in Grade III in the Ca- The first thing I want to tell iidad Elementary School. I haw rou is about vacation. We might two brothers and one sister. not be able to go there this ye.1r When my friends will write to because we have no time. But Lola me, I shall tell them many stories is going there. and how to play games. I have nothing more to say I hope they will tell me also so I think I will close now. stories about themselves and about Best regardS to all the members their friends and about what they of the family especially to you. I read from their books. Yours sincerely, Aida Filoteo. You want to be a story-teller, will write to you again some day. Your loving cousin Ileana C. Adolfo. will be glad to transmit this Aida? Herr is a chance for you !O letter to Ileana's cousin but unfordo it. Write a short one and send umately she forgot to give me her it to Aunt Alma, and if it is good rousin's address. I hope that her she will print it in this section. cousin will come across this letter 15 Your Health Your Hands and Your Health One of the most important health habits a boy or a girl must have is the cleanliness of the hands. We usually wash our hands when grease or any foreign substance soils them. When they look clean. we refuse to wash them before eating a meal. This iS not an example to follow, for many persons expose themselves daily to disease just because they fail to take the time to c!ean their hands. During your ·waking hours consider how many chances you might have in touching things laden with disease germs. The coins given you by your mother, the playthings you hold at home and in school. and the countless other things touched by your- hands are filled with bacteria and other very, v~ry tiny animals which will do great harm once they are in your body. Your skin is an excellent place for growth. There is living matter present which gives necessary nour~ ishment, oil from the glands near the skin, moisture, and a suitable temperature. All these are essential to the life of the bacteria. Not only when food is eaten do the hands reach the mouth, but ~!so when finger nails are bitten and fingers are sucked. Aside from being insanitary, the habit of sucking the fingers is babyish. It also causes the ugly arrangement of the tteth. When you see old boys a-nd girts whose teeth are like leaning f ~nces, you can be sure that they had the habit of sucking their fingers when they were children. It is then our duty to wash our h;:.nds thoroughly with soap and water before eating and to keep the hands off the mquth aII the time. and will understand that it is for her. Ileana is nine years old and is in the Fifth Grade in the Normed Training School. She is the daugh:er of Mr. and Mrs. A. W. Adolfo. AUNT ALMA. 16 ARE YOU COLLECTING STAMPS? ST AMP collecting is not very popular among young people in the Philippines. But in America and Europe, children and ~ven grown-ups are interested in this pastime. They spend much money to obtain the rarest stamps. Among the most noted collectors of postage stamps are King George \' of England and President Roosevdt. Some of their stamps are worth hundreds of pesos each, because no other copies of them could be found anywhere in the world. Old stamps that were used years and years ago are very valuable today. If you are lucky and industrious, you may get old stamps without spending a single centavo. In some corner of your house you may find old letters of your father or of your grandfather. These letters may have old stamps that came from India. or Russia, or Australia. These stamps left forgotten among cobwebs and dusc may be worth one hundred pesos today, for all you know. It is believed that the first stamps were used in the Philippines in 1854. These postage stamps bore th!! image of Queen Isabella of Spain. Then there are the special stamps issued now and then by our government to mark a great event, as the coming of Loriga and Gallar~a. daring Spanish aviators. and the arrival of Babe Ruth with other American baseball players. The number of stamps printed for <;uch events is limited. It would be wise for you to keep several copies of them. There will come a time when they will be bought at a high price. So. you see, you may become rich some day from the stamps you have collected in your youth. (Please turn to page 22) THE YOUNG CITIZEN ·BOOK HOW many books haVe you on your bookshelf? What else would you like to read? Of course, before I can suggest any i11teresting books, I must first know what you, yourself enjoy reading. Perhaps you will write and tell me the names of the books you own. Have you rf'ad any that belong to your friends? No matter whether you are in the fourth grade or in the seventh, or in any other grade, l would be happy to hear from you. And by the way have you any books at home which you can read to your linle sisters and brothers? \Vhat are the names of the books? Perhaps, you have some nice pict:.ire books too. Februa1·y 19J5 Cl-IATS · were your age? Of course, that is why so many of them make their stories sound so true and real. [J I am thinking of Thomas Bailey j\Jdrich who wrote THE STORY OF THE BODY. In this story Mr. Aldrich· tells all about th~ pranks and all about the mischief for which he and his playmates were blamed by the village folk. Those were the happy days when he was a real boy having a glorious time in Rivermouth and Portsmouth on che coast of the Atlantic ocean. 0 Another good book which tells about the doings of a jolly bunch of young~cers is Booth Tarkington's PENROD. This is followed When you write to me, tell me about the following: hy a second book called PENROD ·1 he titles of th" boohs you own. ,\ND SAM. It's great fun meeting rl he titles of the books you have Fmrod and his friends-not forread. ~ctting the faithful little old Fut a little check preceding the poodle. Both of these books are names of those books which you w.ry amusing. haue enjoyed the most. 0 ;·he names of the books which your mother or euen you read to your little sisters and brothers. Don't forget the names of the picture books, too! And you surely should have ~ diance to read THE ADVEN. rURES OF TOM SA WYER and the second book. HUCKLEBERRY HNN by Mark Twain. \Vrite down your own name, your Some writers choose what is call~ age, the name of the school you €'d a pen name instead of using their go to, and the grade you are in. cwn name. That is just what Now, if you tell me all of these .Mark Twain did, for his real naml! things. it will be lots of fun telling was Samuel Langhorne Clemens. }'OU all about the good books you can read. We will have a book chat t:-very month. Write soon. Lovingly, Mother Goose of Bookland ALL ABOUT BOOKS FOR BOYS AND GIRLS! Stories of Fun and Mischief So many men and women are writing books every day for the boys and girls all over the world. Did you know that very often these writers tell about adventures which happened to them when they He was a pilot on a Mississippi liver boat for many years. Having grown so very fond of the river life, he chose the nautical term to stand for his name throughout the r.::maining years of his life. 0 Now I can hear some girl saying ''But not a· single book for girls has been mentioned!" However, I can assure you that there is hardly :i girl in the whole United States ,.Jho has not read these numerou:; rays' books. In fact. I met many girls in the European countries who had read them. Some had read (Please turn to page 20) F'brnary 1935 THE YOUNG CITIZEN .Aunt Julia's Corner IThi1> de/J1U"t1>1ent ;,, e011durtfd JJr1·~onally 1111 /I/rs, J11/ium1 C. l'i1wda, /'l'i11cival, f:111ilio Jariuto f,'kmc11tal'I/ Sc/100/, Jlf1rnila] My dear young friends: pulls a stick or a piece of string. Every time THE YOUNG CITI· The one who gets the longest is ZEN comes to you, you will find ;he "Mother." The other players ,.tidbits" for you on this page. Sometimes I shall tell you littl.! form a circh• around her. You start the game with this true stories about your nature conversation between the "Mother" friends. Ac other times, I shall :i.nd the other players: tdl you stories that come to me in Mother: Pass in order~ dreams. Such stories may not be Players: Deep convene. true but they may be incerestin~. Mother: Who will be the first Once in a while I shall teach you to get me a stick? (The how to play games. And sometimes I shall try to help you with your school work. Today I shall tell you how to play a game that your parents ;15:ed to play. Noc many of you rlay it now because you have been taught to play American games. Mother can name ·any object found about the place. The players rush out to obey the order.) A player: I am the first. Another: I come second: The first player to return and give the Mother the thiq.g wanted This game is "Pass in Order." iemiins with her. He is the You can play it indoors, but you quickest child. Perhaps he should must remember what your teaCher ;ilso be the dearest. Whal Do lJou ... (Answers to Nature I7 Quiz on page 11) 1. A dog can perspire only from his mouth and tongue and not like ourselves, from all over the body. lf you keep his mouth closed, you stop him from panting, or perspiring and he cann!)t cool off. 2. Yes. Many insec'ts never see their parents, because the parents' lives arc finished before the young are born. 3. Yes. Although ~any die off when cold comes, some get into houses and stay in a sleeping state <luring the cold, but wake up when warm weather comes. 4. Sideways about a foot and upwards about six inches. 5. Yes. These are: yeast, mushroorris, molds, ferns, and horsetail~. 6. Yes. All trees belong to the flowering plants. Some people do not realise this, because the flowers tP.aches you. You must play out The game is repeated until all are often very small and not of doors a part of every day. From the players are left with the Moth- showy. The reason is that tree five to ten players can play this er. f.l)Wers are often fertilized by the rame. Now can you play the game? I wind and have no need of fancy We shall choose the leader, who would be glad to hear from yon petals, as the wind has no eyes. is called "Mother", by drawing about what you think of this corn- 7. The bird, the carabao, the lots. Get as many sticks or pieces er of your magazine. I shall be bear, the whale, the monkey, and of string as there are players. They glad to answer your questions about man. must be of different lengths. Hold anything which you think I know 8. No. them tightly in your hand with about. 9. No. only the ends out. Each player AUNT JULIA 10. Some kinds of grasshoppers have their hearing organs in the OUR YOUNG CONTRIBUTORS' CORN~R abdomen, and other kinds have .them on the front legs. The Life of a Shell By IRMA PINEDA, VI-A neck. Then I felt that I wJs Emilio Jo,cinfo Elementary School, Manila lifted. Afterwards [ saw something I AM a small shell. I live in the going to c;tch me. But when I with holes. There I saw many of deep blue waters. I was hap- came nearer I found out that it my friends So I was happy PY there. My master the snail was something with two feet and Jgain. But yet, I could not fed was kind to me. two hands. It was swimming to the water for I was in a basket on One day my master left me me. When it came nearer I found the dry land. Then the man took that it was a water baby. We the basket away and brought it to talked together and I was happy his daughter. The girl put me to to be with her. her ear. I sang songs for her un~'lone. I wanted to see the beaut!es of my home so I left the place where I was and after a while, I . .,aw something. I thought it was Suddenly I saw five long, white til I rot and she threw me away . things. It held me tight in th'! Until now I am in a dirty nook. 18 THE YOUNG CITIZEN February 1935 1-lOBBY PAGE A Carabao Cigarette and Ash I-folder THE carabao is a useful .and hardworking animal. We often see it in the roads pulling carts or carrying heavy loads on its back. For your handiwork this month, we are giving you a model of a carabao cigarette and ash holder. Figure I shows the finished carabao and cigarette and ash holder. The wooden carabao consists of five parts as shown in Fig. 2. These parts are sawed out of wood 3 /8 inch or 1 /Z inch thick. In assembling the pieces, apply glue on the sides of ~ 740 w10'/A ,,//A'" orA fray 1$ 41;,. rmall'1r fha11 lhe ~pac;11 IOrmd !Jy_ /h,.. f'O"'/TA.tM.¥b (hf.~ F<• /Ml 11 may 4c il<7r1iY re;?ldy.,,J /or ilmplymy. Noh:: The. ... ad.lie will hov.i: fo bci bani- a...d the. f.i~!;~/~~:.,;utf tt'hor. bock of the eorabao. ,.t. ~ltOWING MtA<;UR.Ml:"NT'S Foll. 'TttE: PACK'S; A':iH- IRAY, 'il'AbDL1=', AMO C IG.4 - R:£"TTC RE-~T. (Th ... c190-l'h ,...,,.,,. ,,. uld .. ~,r lo /he =.Uk) By Gilmo Baldovino pieces A and B. Figure 2 shows two small slots at the hind part of the carabao. Insert the tail E in the slots indicated in Fig. 2.as mortise I /4" deep. Then nail parts A and B together. ' Glue and nail parts C and D on their respective sides to form the body of the carabao. The feet are then glued and nailed at the bottom of the base. Now only the packs are lacking. In making the cigarette packs, the ash tray and the pommel. ;my lightweight tin will do. Base the measure· ment of the packs of cigarettes on an actual. packar,~ of cigarettes. (See Fig. 3). --C-1.:?i::: 17- - -~ F': Ar.J.:,,.,.4-.,,,.,.p L..- ~·' , I ~ i-rµo. o Ike A I/ ~:",n_yvv'" - I F'IG.2 Tnr F'LVt A , ,_ 'q _ PAR"TSQfT"E wz.:. .. CAR.Al\40 DRAWHOM lin. -~ tQllAR.tS TO ALLOW tASY LJ / f.NLAltGr."*-.. . .r Alk<( '-MeNT. - ~,.___ t--._/ - " ~= ' - - 7~ I71- ·-'--I-'--'-c p -yl _._.. ~i( ...... 177 Paint the carabao first before placing the packs on it. The body of the carabao should be painted dark stone gray: the upper part of the base and the packs, the saddle and the pommel. green; the animal· s horns and hoofs, black. -«O>>-BAYANI ..... (Continued from page 9) likewise made a big hole which became filled with water and was later known as Lake Lanao, After that great storm the water shallowed. The rocks Tanaw had hurled and which had fallen into the sea re-appeared and became the Visayan islands. Thus is told the origin of the Philippine Islands. THE YOUNG CITIZEN 19 C U T - 0 U T S - Easy Way of Making Them By GILMO BALDOVINO CUT-OUT OF THE HEAD OF A BOY In this pap,:e arc rl'produced cut-out.!l of the head of !I bor, a girl, a man, and a woman. Although each one of them is arranged so as to make itself explanatory, I shall explain the method hel'e employed step by step. 1. Cut a square of any s uitable size as shown in No. 1. 2. FnlJ this square in the c~nter. Then fold it again to divide the square int.o four equal part~. The purpose of the fold!'; i:- to howe guide-lines on the JHtJ>er before cuttin~ it as s~wwn in No. 2. (See the diagr<ims c m how to fold). '.~. The first. cut i:<> from t he chin to the point •)f the nose. Tht· second-from t he nose to the forehead. The third·- cut a porti<m from the top to make t he forehead narrower. The fourth-from the back of the neck lo the back of the heal! a~ shown in No. 3. L Make a trial cuttin~ of t he nose, upper and low~r lip, and chin. See No. 4. 5. !\Jake the Jinn! cutting~. The forehead must not be made prominent. Bend the bridge of the nose a little. See No. 5. 111 making· the cout~out~ of th~ head of a girl, a man, ancl a woman, t he w<.tys mentioned a bove may be iollo\V ed. The fol'ehcad of the ma n a nd woma n must be made wider and the nose straighter to 1le1w1.e age. In making all these cut-011ls, always reff!r to the diaJ,!."nuns. CUT-OUT OF THE HEAD OF A GIRL How to Fold CUT-OUT OF TH E HEAD or A !IJA'.'J' CL'T-OUT OF THE HFAD OF A WOiWAN Boy Girl DIAGRA MS itfan Woman :o THE YOUNG CITIZEN EVERYWOMAN'S ~OME DOCTOR A Book of Incalculable Value to every woman and her family-a whole library on Home Economics Prepared by Over Forl:y Celebrated Medical Aut:horit:ies, Scienl:isl:s, and Diel:it:ians It has over 500 large page'>, I 0.000 vital facts, 260,000 words by leading specialists, 500 photographs and drawings, etc. No educated woman, married or single, can afford to miss this book. Among rhe subjects treated are Foundations of Health. The Inner Wor(d of Childhood. Hf:alth in the Home, Th~ !:Calthy Die!, Woman and Her Beau' y, \\/ oman and Sex, etc. etc. ·:· Sold exclusiuely by COMMUNITY PUBLISl-IERS, INC. 405 P. Faura, Manila Februai·!J 19J5 HOW TO SAY IT I. There are other correct ways of saying "Yes," as "Certainly.'" "Surely" not "Sure." "Yes, sir With great pleasure." 2. When you are requesting for .<:omething. always say, "May I.. · .wt ''Can I 1. Don't say: I entered into the room. "Into" is not necessary. 4. One does not say, "I climb t1p a tree "Up" is superfluous. 5. Another common error: I doh't know to my mother. Say: It depends upon my mother. -«0»BOOK CHATS ... (Continued from page 16) tliem twice and some even three times! Of course, you know that these stories have been translated into French, German, and into many Mher foreign languages. Perhaps, "-hen you grow up, one of you will translate these good books for boys ;iud girls into the Philippine diale:ts. Don't forget. I'll suggest cwo especially for girls. GER JOHANNE HAPPENED TO books written They are INand WHAT INGER JOl!ANNE by Dikken Zwilgmeyer. Here you find amusement and mischief a-plenty. INGER JOHANNE is a girl from the Land of the Midnight Sun. Can you imagine living in a part of thl! world where for two whole months il is dark both night and day? Then for another whole month the sun shines throughout day and night! I do not want to forget ANNE OF GREEN GABLES by L. Montgomery. Just you read what A:rne does to her long lovely red hair! Yau will never forget Anne, for you feel as if you had really t:let her in true life. (I read th'! book three times.) F'eb1·ua1·y 1935 SAMPAGUITA ... (Continued from page 12) g;ons believe that the name sampaguita was taken from sumpa-kita, ·which means love's vow. It is said that in a small barrio a young man ,1 nd a beautiful maiden loved each other. Both were poor. One day the young man died. "'.'he beautiful maiden became very ~.1d. She had no money to buy roses or other expensive flowers for hi:r loved one. As she walked along the fields, she saw tiny, white flowers growing near bamboo fences. She gathered a cluster of these tt~)wers and scattered them a!I over the tomb of the young man. Those flowers were sampaguitas. But in those days the people had no name tor them. So they called these pretty blossoms sampaguitas in mrmory of the great love between the man and the woman. Do you know the best way to plant sampaguitas? In this country the seeds of sampaguitas do not mature and can not be used for planting. Instead of seeds, stems are used to grow new plants. First cf all. cut a healthy green stem v. hose buds are ready to sprout. Use a sharp knife in the cutting so that the tiny cells at the end of the ~tern will not be crushed and closed. \\'acer from the ground passes through these tiny cells into the p1ant. Plants, like animals, need v ater as well as food in order to hve. Before plJ.nting the stem, remove rhe old leaves from it. Let the roung leaves and the buds remain. Plant the stem in a box. Place it in the shade until new leaves b('gin to come out and new roots ti~·e developed. Give it enough \':ltCr. After you have removed the } oung plant from the box, transpiant it in a moderately rich soil. Be sure to watch it every day, especiJ!ly during the dry season. Flowers will appear in a month or two. l:' you want to have many, many fl-,wers, remove now and then old 'c<1ves and old stems from the plant. (Please turn to page 2 2) THE YOUNG CITIZEN Firearm Indemnity Contractors Custom House WE ISSUE BONDS OF Judicial Fidelity Miscellaneous Internal Revenue EVERY DESCRIPTION FIRE AND MARINE INSURANCE We are duly empowered by the Governrflent of the Philipp_ine Islands to write bonds, and by authority of the Governor General, our bonds are accepted by the courts, and all offices and bureaus f'lf the Philippine Government. We also issue Contractors' bonds for any of the Army and Navy posts of the United States in the Islands, as well as bonds for banks and commercial firms. f AR EASTERN SURETY & INSURANCE CO., (INCORPORATED) EDUARDO DEL ROSARIO TAN KIANG President and General Manager TELEPHONES' 2-30-74 2-29-16 615 TEODORA ALONSO P. 0. BOX 692 MANILA, P. I. The YOUNG CITIZEN The Magazine for the Young People of the Philippines Edited and published in and for the Philippines Not a Duplication of American and Foreign Magazines for the Youth COMMUNITY PUBLISHERS, INC. 405 P. Faura, Manila Sirs: lnclosed please find three pesos (P3.00) for one year's subscription to THE YOUNG CITIZEN. Name Town Pi·ovince . 21 21 COMMUNITY EDUCATOR IN TWO VOLUMES The English edition of all th~ Community Assembly lectures, corrected and edited under the supervision of the Bureau of Education. In connection with this publication, the Director of Education said: "This office is interested in having the lectures printed in order that they will reach as larg;e a group of adults as possible. We believe also that they can be used to a decided advantage a:; reference material in secondary sehools and in upper elementary grades as well. They also serve as i·eference material for teachers ')f efomentary science and other subjects in the primary grades. The lectur~s have been prepared by authors who n··e masters of their fields and we believe that the printed lectures will fill a real need... It is not custo~ary for this office to approve in advance 11ublication which is proposed. In this case, however, the material having Ueen prepared under the direction •)f the Bureau of Education, pre-approval of the publication will be gi.ven." No school and personal library in the Philippines can afford to b~ without copies of this work. It ts in a way an encyclopedia of useful information on agriculture, industry. health and sanitation. civics, government, business, economics, a-nd allied subjects. Nothing like this has yet been produced in this country. Every lecture or article appearing in this work is product of a recognized authority on the subject. We are offering now a price nf PZ.00 per volume of this work, or P4.00 for the complete set of two volumes, post~ge extra. Community :Publishers (INCORPORATED). 405 P. Faura. Ermita, Manila Tel. 5-76-86 THE YOUNG CITIZEN Liberal Commissions Money for the necessities ol life TO RETIRED SCHOOL TEACHERS' You can earn--easily, pleasantly--extra money representing THE YOUNG CITIZEN in your town. Selling experience is unnecessary. Give your prospects a few minutes t.o look through a copy of THE YOUNG CITIZEN and the publication sells itself It is useful. It is different. The wise parent should give his boy or girl a magazine appropriate for young minds. THE YOUNG CITIZEN is not just another magazine. It supplements school teaching. It i.s the first and only magazine published exclusively for young people in the Philippines. For particulars about this o/fe1·, write 01· call on ·us (If our office. Tl-IE YOUNG CITIZEN 405 P. Faura, Manila February 1985 SAMPAGUITA (Continued from page 21) Being our national flower, the s·:.mpaguita must be cultivated V1·!dely in our gardens and in our public parks. It represents the beautiful in our country. Our poets often speak of our young maidens as the sampaguitas in this garden of the East. ARE YOU COLLECTING .... (Continued from page I 6) Aside from the profits, stamp collecting is ·enjoyable. Is it not a pleasure to know that the colored squares of paper that you keep come from strange and distant countries? You will even be interested to increase your knowledge of geography. ,You would want to be acquainted with the countries and their people who used or still use the stamps in your collection. Do you know how to begin the hobby of st<imp-collecting? You may start with the postage scamps of our country. You need a stamp album in which to keep them. A good stamp album can be bought from any large store selling school supplies, toys, and stationery. The same store may have foreign stamps for sale. You can get foreign stamps free by writing to boys and girls in other countries. When your ·friends from far away send you copi:es from their collection. they expect you to send yours coo. One thing to remember when you start this hobby is never to paste down your stamps. Stamp mounts can be bought from any stamp dealer: These gummed strips of paper are used to hinge down the stamps to the album like the lid of a desk. Thus. when you want to remove the stamps and transfer them to another album, you cat easily do so without destroyini them. Compliments of WHIPPLE S. HALL & CO., Inc. I 76 Soler . Tel. 4-98-09 Manila. P. I. COLOR PROCl// DIRECT COLOR CO~llMATIOM CU Tl HALF-· TOMEI ~OlllllllllllllllllllIIIIIIIIII~11 LINE- E-TCHIMCi v D.O.BOX No.J'26 The MODERN ENCYCLOPEDIA for Cl-llLDREN (Complete in one volume) The Richest Treasure You Can Give Your Children 1,200 pictures 300,000 words Every Picture and Every Paragraph Answer Your Children's Question ~Much Do Your Children Know? All acti\'l'. growing minds hungt·r for f.lcts. They arc l'agcr for answers to hundn:ds of questions. Tlwy want p;llun'.~, thJl 1dl things and l'Xplana· lions that they c.1n understand. They w.1111 knowlcdgl' th.ll will !rad them to suCCl'SS in lifr. .~timulating infornution tlut will put thrm .1hcad in their work' .1t school. . Givl' thl·m thl' right books .rnd they w.ill learn eagerly. Put The Modern Encyclopl·di.1 for Children bl'forc them .rnd' Sl'l' how quickly they become rn· trann·d in its rich p.1gl'S. This cntirdy Ol'W and original work is the "Open Sesame" to the wholt: vast treasury of knowledge. If lc.1ds the cbildn:n on .1 tll'\'l'r-cnding \'oy.lgc ·Jf disco\lcry into dazzling wondl·rl.mds. The amuing stu1 y llf rhe he.wens, the marvels of animal life. the secrl'ls uf n.llure. the birth of mankind and ics friumphant progress through lhl' pages of hisrory. gre,H storil'S lrom all nations. things to make and do. new games to piay-hen·. in simple words and vivid pictures arc the precious thingS of human knowkdgl'. vit.il tu scnsitive minds. a great and essential' first cxperil·nce th.lt you (Jn '.-{In' yuur dl!ldrl'll TO-DAY. THE MODU\N ENCYCLOPEDJ;\ l'OR C:JJIJ.DJU:N "the r,,,, wo,k of its kind within the reach ut c\·cry pocket. In Olll' handy w>lllml·. it will be your children's consta~t comp.inion. Every elementary school should have this book in the library Approved by the B~reau of Education for Elementary. Schools Sold exclusively by Community Publishers, 405 P. Faura, Manila -- . ,. n c . Tel. 5-76-86