The Young Citizen: The Magazine for Young People

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Part of The Young Citizen: The Magazine for Young People

Title: The Young Citizen: The Magazine for Young People
Issue Date: Volume 1 (Issue No. 6) July 1935
Year: 1935
Language: English
Rights
extracted text: THE YOUNG CITIZEN The only magazme m the Philippines published exclusively for boys and girlsIt is rcad in the best Filipino homesi\mong our. -~·ubscribcrs arc children of Senator Osmcil.1, Secretary Quirino. PrJ!'SidcnL 13ocobo, Undcr-Sccn·tary Vargas, Dean Fraricisco Bcnitc~. J udgc Manuel Camus, Director Arguelles, and other Jc,1ding profrss~onals. 'educators, and businessmen qf this country. P.ucnls should give. ~.h_cir children reading m.Htcr suit,1bk to young minds-adult p.11wrs contain much th.it ·is undcsirolblc for boys .ind gids. The Young CitiZl'Il h~·ings to your homl'S lh.11 which is Philiprin1.· fo.r the cl1iilfrcn of the Philippinl'S. / Subscribe Toda~! Commu~ity 40.5 P. Faura, Manila THF. TRJR!JNE MAY 15, 1935 II !,_JIM A YB E \\.=~! Ir you don't mind, we like to say wt>lconie lo ''The -I Young Caliz.en." the latest enlr) 1nlo lhl.' field of l'hll· iPJJme Joumall"'m desu~ned pnmanlv for the boys and girls.. Thl' """ \OUllK peoples monthly tarr1fll a p1c1url' 1n eo&or In the cover and hL'> a formal that I!'! easy • on the eye and even alluring to the gro"· :>'{"C"' Ing intelligence. ft IS atlrad1velv 1llu~ trated in the manner of the modl'm l'1lll· IMed books for children. We 1h1nk It is lhe fint thing of the !!Ort lo be lfK'ally • conret'led for loral con~umpt1on and •" auch dc:sen·es a word or notice from our direction for ·historical purposes. From the looks of It, ll Is ·not anythlni: hL'ltlly •t· pllen up to pro,·ide willinR' spare to nd1·ertl ... en who care lo be bullied into pro,·idinR' easla for it in the In· Ile terest of a good cause-in the tint and untll the 11et•o1ul ~= :r~~~~n~t;· sh~r~~tt! :'r8.:'fik':~~~~~~ :r11~::1: In piration of some intrepid yearlini:t who liked the loolw ho of the word ''editor" appendtd to his name BOClalb' or he otherwi!1e. ,jp '~he Young Citlztn" appear.i tompetent1y edited; ·;. · ·::r~;}:j~~~f!n~:li::~c!~c~ro; ~!:S~r:~:~~U;t~~:~ in Hternry errorts to impro1·e inCant~. Its mati~rlal ~ · nen healthy and tdif)·ini: withont dl'i:tt>neratiRK Into .n- :soppy pap; we h1t,.t> nol dl'lt>cted-:is yet-any note or .i;pttial JlrO(>RR:ltDda ror any roterir eduutionaJ, pol· ho ilical, \\('(fort' or whatner you ha1·l'. A supri:i.ini:t: thin1t 111. for a puhlitation intended for pl'Ople al their mMl susl'tJJlible period. A11parently none of our 1mttnlial fu· 1 P ti~ti han as ) et takl'n bnld of it for puri~ of 1>p«ial indDt'lrinatlon. But don't tell us \\e ore gii)ing aome llt'flllle ideas. he An'·"a,., Wl' hnpe ''Th~ Youn1: Citir.rn" "111 lht op ~h In sl'l' ils readers heron1l' adulis "ithoul hrin~ handl· rn1•Pl'd by nrrt>Sttd rmotionnl dt'\·clopment !<lllh L" af· · · ,·b1 flicts the adrnncl'd ta..;es of youthful mts.."i11hship. Our °'1 idenl is 'tkat -younr: ritii:erua !'lhould ~row :1p halanred '.:~ ! ~~~t '"~!'~n~ih!~,;:;:n:r~r::!::;:~:1~,~('t~n~~i'1'~1 ~.~u1~~1i~ much lo 11ilol tht' youni:t lhroui:t:h the trick~· ... hoal'l or thc.oir ·111ost im11res.c;ionablt> ~·rnrs with 5\Ulablr literature ~1 ' or ·{h<' momenr. · · ! \\'rtln~da~·. ·M11y 15, 1!>35. n c. .T ol. >-1b-•b Th. MHHg• This Month HELPFULNESS AT HOME We all want to be helped by some one. specially when we are in trouble. Of course it is good to help one another even when we au~ not in trouble. The habit of trying to help others who really need help is a good habit to rultivate. Such a habit is called helpfulness. And wtainly one of the most important hab"its that school children should cultivati: is the habit of helpfulnm. If we are helpful to oth..:n we make others and ourselves happy. Mother is washin.g the laundry. If we are not studying our lessons. or ;( we are not doing anything . very important, does ·it not make us feel happy if w' could do something for her? How can we help mother? We could bnn~ some water to her. We could carry the clothes i.o the line for drying: then later in the afternoon we could take the clothes back to the house, and put them in their own place. Or if mother is washing. we could help her in another way. We could keep th~ house neat and tidy; we could mend some olJ clothes: we could prepare the food: or we could do the many little things th.lt mother usually does whm 'he is not washing,. • · (Plrnat' t11r11 tn P'IOt' l,J'l) This Month JULY, 1935 A Ride on the Sea (a po('m)-/,1ri1w n,, la I'ri: 1-l'l How "Baby" Became a :Monitor (a story)A11nt Julia , ........ , ........ , ......... , ltl Safety First, the Best Guard-.l/nisr1; 1'it•ic:nr 112 Do You Know? ................ . 142 The Stupid Boy (a story)-Josr/ina V. Re!1es U1 Ernesto'.e Excursion to the Woods (a story) J:-Aunt Julia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 lorentino Cayco--Educator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1.5 he Order of the Short Pants (a story)Fol'funafo Asuncion . • . • . . • . . . . . . • . . . . . . . 146 The Sky and the Stars-Ursa Minor, the Lesser Bear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lt7 lpo, the Beauty Spot-Mois,.S l'ivi.!ua . . . . . . 147 The Adventures of a Beggar Boy (a story) ,-Julio C<•Bal' P"1ia , , ..... , ..... , , • , , •• , , !43 Boy Scout .Jamboree-August 21-30, 1935Fernando Pi111t>ntcl ...••.•.... , .. , .... , . . 160 Himself His Capital-Reatituto Ca.rpio .• , . • 161 The World's Finest Gem .... , .. . .. . .. .. .. .. 161 Learning the Names of Thlngs . . . . . . . . . . . . . Li2 Bottle Doll (Hobby Pagl')-Gilmo Bnldot:i110 15:J A Visit to the Sun 154 Philippine Fishes . . . 151 The Danger of Going Barefooted 154 Pen & 1-"encil Circle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Drawing Lesson11 for Litt!(' Artists-Gilmn Baldovino • • . • • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . • . 156 Books to Read-E. M. L. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. 157 Kiko's Adventur('!I fa monthly comic stripe) 158 Cleanliness is Next to Godliness (a song)-· Rodolfn l'. Cltavt'a • . . . . . . . . . . 159 ThE> Courts under the Constitution llil Pictorial Page ....... , . 162 Every Month In THF YOUSG CITIZES you will always find: Stories Young people' will read again and again - l'llorh"l'I that build character. fa!11:lorc. fanciful 111tarieii, an1I educational stories. Poem~ that the young people of thP Philippin~s )O\'e. Contests and Things-ToDo Game!l, puzzles, things to make, cooking, drawing, etc. Art, History, and Nature Study Beautiful photographs and entertaining articles and stories which can rl'ally entertain and intere1tt youn~ people in these important subjects . Interesting Features The Pen and Pendl Cir(')e, which l'ltimulates creative expre!'11inn; the Hobby Page, which openii the way to new intE>re11ts and develop11 initiative; and the Citizenship Page, which inl'ltills practi('al ideals of good citil«'nship in the hoys and girls who 1 .. morrow will bl' the leadl'r11 of thl' world. Book C'hal• About honk!! nnrt authon young prople will M intnl'!\ted in. S<ience and Health T•lks on M'ientiftc subjects, l'lpet'ial reri~ •nd menU!I, articl<'s on health and uni· talion. Bditorinl Dirufnr: Jose E. RomE>ro. Cofttriludi110 Editors: Julian C. Pineda, Enrarnarion Al1ona, Emilia Malabanan, Ursula B. Uichaneo, I. Panluil'Ui· S11httt'ri11tini1 p,.itt: P3 for nne year ot 12 iuUN; 12.00 in the l'nited States and foniirn countriN. Single copy, 30 centavos. Stoff A. rtill: Gilmo Baldovino. B1111Mfl'H Mtu1aotir: Eli1abelh Labch. Published by COMMUNITY Pt'BLISHDtS, INC:., 405 P. Faura, l\lanila, Philippine lslar.ds. Subacription!I an to be paid to COMMuxrn Puws11ERS, Jsc. ·105 P. Faura, )lanila, P. I. Cop11ri11ltt, J9JS, b# Co•nr111111illf PHhli•ltn•. h~. l4Q THE YOUNG C!T!ZE:-0 I r r I I I 111 b\J .ui.ro ~ la Paz CJ-for a ride on the deep, blue .·ea, With a cloud for a boat that's built for me. I'd dance o'er the wa\'e,, the buhble5 I'll cha,r, I'd play with fishes and tlw gold sun's rays. I'd sail till I know where the God Sun Ji,·cs Or where the moon comes from at each t\\ilight, I'd gather the stars that bloom in the deep, For playmates I'd lea\'e when I take the trip. /. -· '· J"l!f. IJJJ J11/y, ass THE YOUNG CITIZEN 14! LITTLE: STORIE:S FOR LITTLE: PE:OPLE: teacher. She said to herself, HOW "BABY" BECAME A MONITOR "I am not a baby. I i.m big. I am five years old." by J\unl Jnlio B EING the youngest child, Fiery had always been called "Baby". She liked the name and she wanted to be treated like a baby. When Mother gave her some work, Father would say, "Baby is too young. Let your older daughter do it." When Brother refused to lend Baby his toys, Grandmother would say, "Let Baby have youi· toys for a while." When Sister asked Baby to hand her anything, Baby would answer, "I cannot reach it." Or, "I don't know any·· thing about it." So at home Baby was helpless and useless. When Fiery w~s five, she was taken to the kindergarten. Hel' teacher called her Baby. The children called her Baby. The teacher said, "Children, I have many things to do. need a helper. I want somebody to arrange the chairs. She will put out the toys and the blocks. She will report to me the names of the absent children. Who can help me?" ~ The children raised their hands. Fiery · ~ 1·aised her hand too. The teacher smiled, ~ "No, Baby, you will not do. You are too j small." Celia, Flery's friend, was chosen. She q;: learned the other children's names. She helped the teachel' put away the blocks aml other toys. Fiery watched Celia. She, too, wanted to be a monitor. She wanted to help the Before the children went home on Friday, the teacher said, "Celia is a good monitor. Next week I shall have another monitor. I want a girl who knows how to work.". The next day, Fiery got up early. She folded her sheet neatly. She rolled up her mat. She put away her bedding. When her mother awoke, she found Flery's b~d empty. She went to the kitchen calling, "Baby, Baby, where are you?" Mother found Fiery helping the servant prepare the breakfast. "Baby, what are you doing?" Mother asked in surprise. "Mother, please call me Fiery. Don't call me Baby. I am big. I can work." Fiery was busy the whole morning. She dusted the furniture. When she could not reach the tops of tabies and wardrobes, she stood on a chair. She even rubbed the floor with coconut husk. Father was surprised. Grandmother was glad. Mother was very proud. She said, "Baby, I mean Fiery, is the best worki:r in this house." The following Monday, Mother took Fiery to the kindergarten. She tried to hold Fiery by the hand. Fiery said, "No, Mother, you need not hold me. I shall keep on the sidewalk." Mother had a talk with the kindergarten teacher before she went home. When the class began, the teacher said, "I shall choose the new monitor." (Please turn to page 162) 142 THE YOUNG CITIZEN SAFETY FIRST, THE BEST GUARD A STORY by Moises Viviezca (1-'rn"' lj,.,,/n1111 •·ul) MINA was a seven year old girl. One clay she came running to her mothel' with something in her hand. It was the lifeless body of Reny, her baby doll. She was crying bitterly. "Fix it, mother," she shouted. Two lovely teal's rolled down her cheeks. Mother took the poor doll and tried her best to put the b1·oken pieces together. It was of no use. There we1·e several small pieces which were difficult to paste together. There was a hole in the doll's head. Mina was careless of he1· playthings. She lost one time her rubber ball when she had placed it in a corner and the dog played with it. She broke her pots when she placed them at the foot of the stairs. Her grandfather had stepped on them. Now, her doll, the best of her playthings, was destroyed. She had placed her doll on the window sill and then played with her friends. The doll was blown by the wind and down it fell on the concrete sidewalk. Children, how much would have been the gl'ief if Mina herself had been the one who sat on the window sill and had fallen down on the ground? Who would have felt unhappy? Would you be careless of yourself? You are too yourig to die There are so many beautiful things in this world fo1· you to have. If you would like to live a long happy life, just avoid sitting on the window sill for fun or standing on it to reach something. You will lose your balance and Oh! ... just the thought of going down with a Cl'ush. No doctor can ever fix you. Would you like to be free from danger? Get "Safety First" as your best guard. "Safety Fil·st" will make your life long, healthy, and happy. DO YOU KNOW?--The germs that escape from the mouth or nose of a pe1·son when he coughs or sneezes, or even when he only talks, may live in the air fo1· forty-eight hours. In many countries in Asia the petals of flowers, especially those of roses, are used in the making of marmalade, pastry, and othel' sweets. The "Volt", an electrical unit, is named after Alessandro Volta, an Italian physicist, who was one of the earliest investigators of the wonders of electricity. The ordinary bathroom sponge is really an animal, though admittedly very low clown in the scale of life: A shooting star is not a star, and it does not "shoot". Though its exact nature is not known, astronomers call it a meteor. Sometimes these meteors strike the earth, and they are called meteorites. Jvty, 1935 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 14 l THE STUPID BOY A Story of a Stupid Boy Who Becart)e a Hero by Josefina V. Reyes "Y OU stupid boy!" cried Aunt.Rosa. And with that remark she closed the door with a mighty "bang'', while Pepe looked at her disappearing fat figure. She had already closed the door, but Pepe still looked and looked at the door with big, round eyes. Then suddenly l~e turned his back to the door and faced his mother. "Mother," he began. "Yes, Pepe?" answered his mother. "What did .... what· did Aunt Rosa say, Mother?" "She said that you are a stupid boy," said his mother. "A what .... Mother?" he asked again with a frown. "A stupid boy," said his mother again very slowly. "Stupid? What is 'stupid', Mother?" "Why, 'stupid' means .... 'stupid' means one who asks too many questions," his mother answered abruptly. "One who asks too many questions? Then . . . . then, Mother, I know one who is very very stupid." "Who is it?" his mother asked. "My teacher .... she asks too many questions. "Now, Pepe," and his mother grasped a broom, "go out and play before I lose my patience." "Your what, Mother?" "Go out," shouted his Mother. Pepe was a little boy who was called 'stupid' by Aunt Rosa and Aunt Maria. He had no friends. Cousin Lino would net play with him. His classmates, too, would run away whenever he approached them. And they often shouted, "Stupid! Stupid!" So he often watched the other children play while he sat on a big stone beside their door. He was sitting there one day when Aunt Maria came near him and said, "Come Pepe, I will tell you something. You know, you have now·a new sister. She is there in that room with your mother . . Don:t go there now. Your mother is not well. You can call your new sister Baby." "Baby? Why Baby?" asked Pepe. "Because she is very little. That is what we call little people." "But. ... bu·t why don't you call Uncle Kiko Baby? He is little also," Pepe asked again. "Oh!" Aunt Maria said and in a moment. she had run away . Days passed, and while Baby became prettier each day, Pepe became more stupid. Baby was called "Pet" by Aunt Maria, "Darling" by Mother, and other bea~ti ful names by Aunt Rosa and Uncle K1hl' and all their neighbors, while Pepe was known by only one name .... "Stupid Boy." One day Aunt Rosa was about to take the children for a walk. They had already gone out of their house when Pepe began talking. "Aunt Rosa, our lesson today is about the elephant. Do you know what an elephant is, Aunt Rosa?" 3 jqo?. "Why, don't you know, Pepe?''.ornorl ;frrf "No, Aunt Rosa, I don't kfR}l'·ni !,-AiW<atl)r seen one yet," he ex~l~iW~1<frr, oJeofr';3 ?.A "It is an anim11r"ri1i'~ ·1i'11h ~41-tsi!Y.ilPif)fJ . h ,, , rrnq , , . w1_t ... ·~9Bf¥!;t.,~·w,.,r\1;q,1!,)ii.l\;j' :1oriJd" 144 THE YOUNG CITIZEN July, 19J'i ?!um Julia'or True Storiu ERNESTO'S EXCURSION TO THE WOODS F ATHER, are ail birds useful? I do not know of any harmful one." Ernesto asked. "There are very few birds which can be called harmful. In fact, even those that are harmful have some usefulness." "I know the names of only very few. Father, please teach me the names of some more. You have told me about the martines and the kuliawan." "Among the best of the farmer's friends are the luclac, the ta rat, and the tagak." "Oh, I know the tarat. I have seen boys set traps for catching that bird. The trap is called bitag." "These birds are useful because they feed upon insects and caterpillars which destroy grains and fruit. You can hear the noisv /uclacs in the guava, ratiles, and dapdap trees when these are in bloom. They go alone or in pairs. One luclac can eat 100 caterpillars in a day." "Can we find some tarat in this place, Father?" "I don't believe so. The tarat does not live in the Philippines throughout the year. It comes from northern China and Korea in September. After the cold months, it goes back home. I believe it builds its nest and lays egg·s in its native home." As Ernesto and his father emerged from the orchard, they came upon an open field. "Father, what birds are those? Looh! (Contir.ued) They are taking a carabao ride," Ernesto exclaimed pointing to a group of carabaos with white long-necked birds perched on their backs. · "Those long-billed birds are the tagak or cattle egret. They feed on locusts, insects, and small snakes. In exchange for the ride, they pick insects from the carabao's back. They like to live in groups and can · be utilized in catching locusts." "How interesting! Even animals know ·how to help one another. Both the tagak and the carabao seem to be happy and contented." "It takes very little to make animals happy. And they know how to entertain themselves. You will sometimes see birds chase one another in playful merriment. Birdf have been seen dropping small objects in mid-air and then swoop down to catch them before they reach the ground, with the greatest evidence of enjoyment." "Do they also feel sad, Father?'' "Birds display a variety of feeling. Ar.· cording to close observers of bird life, birds find pleasure in feeding th!)ir young. Where there is danger, they suffer very real fear. They are even subject to jealousy. You must have seen rival cocks fight to the death over a hen. The ravens, black birds which resemble the crows, show some sense of humor. Two will combine to tease a dog or a cat, one occupying its attention from the (Please turn fo page 15.9) THE YOUNG CITIZEN 145 When They Were Young-FLOREN flNO CA YCO, Educator The harder the battle is The more glorious will Ue the victory. GLORIOUS indeed was the victory won by Florentino Cayco when he overcame the h_andicaps of poverty and ill health and rose tq occupy a place among the foremost of Filipino educators. At the early age of 42 he has already closed a brilliant reco1·d of public service, in the various stages of which, he always proved himself capable and far-sighted. From a humble and unknown barrio teacher, he made his way to the position of Assistant Superintendent of City Schools, in which he wielded extensive powers and made himself felt as a tremendous force in the improvement of both system and method of instructi0n in the public schools of the City of Manila. Mr. H. A. Bordner, Superintendent of City Schools, and Mr. Cayco's superior, in all sincerity, made the statement that he would be willing to work as Mr. Cayco'>< subordinate. What finer tribute could a superior pay a man in a lower position? And yet this highly successful man had to struggle in his youth as few have struggled. Through the efforts and sacrifices of his mother, the boy Florentino was able to finish the elementary course in the public schools of his hometown Malabon. As a school child, although sickly, he enjoyed his boyhood to the full, and would have had a chance to complete his schooling had that capable and wise mother been allowed to live longer. But her life was cut short and her death marked Florentino's withdrawal from school. As an elementary school pupil, Florentino already had a definite ambition. Adept in figures and arithmetic problem8, he dreamed of becoming an engineer, a builder of bridges and houses. He might have built the longest bridge and the hi~h est sky-scraper in the Philippines had he realized his fii·st ambition. But he had to give up this dream and to take up teaching to enable him to su ppm:t the family left lx:hind by his deceased mother. It was at the tender age of sixteen that he started his career as a teacher. He was then a first year student in the Manila High School, at the same time working as a garden boy at the Agricultural Experimental Station in Sin-. galong. The once care-free and jovial youth assumed the responsibility of sup. porting a family and discharged it with faithfulness and efficiency. When he b~ gan teaching he found himself in such straitened circumstances that he could not afford to buy a suit, for a "maestro" had to be decently and properly clothed even at that early time of twenty-peso_ salaries, He worked as an ordinary classroom teacher for two years during which period he received successive promotions in salary at five pesos each time. At the end of his second year in the service, he took and passed the junior teacher examination, which raised his salary to 1'480 a year. Hi,; joy at this first success· knew no bounds. He has never been so happy over any other promotion as he was when he qualified himself in this examination. It marked the beginning of his steady rise in the field of education. He was appointed principal (Ple<aw t.urit. to pngr. 158) 146 THE YOUNG CITIZEN July, 19.15 The Order Of The Short Pants Short Pan.t.r, Good~, and Red ,?Jn.tor &nnot Be Mi.xed T~ ' ' ...... and for all these, Father in Heaven, we thank Thee, Amen." The simple prayer ended a very entertaining camp-fire program. The campers, boys from the different schools in Manila. hurried to their own tents to go to bed. Comments on the program and activities of the day could still be heard as the boys talked their way to sleep. As usual taps was sounded at eightthirty. It was a signal for everybody to keep silent. The camp patrol returning from its inspection reported that all was well. Ten o'clock struck and everything in the camp was quiet and peaceful. The stillness of the night was, however, broken now and then by the voice of someone tal\dng in his sleep and the chirping of the crickets. Ten thirty was announced by the "Big Ben" in the director's tent. Still all was quiet and well. Eleven o'clock struck. Mysterious looking persons in short pants were seen gathering around a chess table in the middle of the camp. It was the order of Short Pants on one of its nightly conventions. They were plotting some mischief. In a low commanding voice the leader spoke. "You," pointing to the smallest sturc!ylooking fellow, "sneak into the directo1"s tent and bring here the tin can you will see on the table." "You," addressing the tallest, "stay nearby and prevent anybody from minding our business." "The rest, be on the alert." Without much difficulty the tin can was gotten. It was laid on the chess table. With eager hands the lid was opened. What do you think was inside? A very delicious lcoking home-made cake. It was a gift to · the director for his magnificent performance of duties. The leader apportioned the spoil among the members of the order. They were in the midst of their meniment when a man in pajamas was seen coming from the director's camp. It was the assistant director. He saw the thief and was on his way to recover the goods~may be to capture him. But before he could come nearer the men in shorts jumped upon him. After a brief struggle the man in pajamas ran with the speed of a deer to his tent. He left his woodenshoes and undershirts behind. The noise was so loud ·that it awoke the camp director. "What is all this noise about?" he roared. He spied his assistant in one corner gasping for breath. "What is the matter?" inquired the director. (Please turn to page 158) July, 1935 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 147 THE SKY AND THE STAI~/ URSA MINOR The.- Le.;;;;;e.r' Be..::u' L AST month you read about the Great Bear. Two stars in that constellation are called the Pointers because they point to the North Star or Pole Star. This star is the "most practically useful star in the heavens." Mariners of olden times as well as of the modern were guided by this steadfast star. Before the invention of the compass, sailors depended entirely upon the North Star to determine directions. The North Star belongs to the constellation called Ursa Minor or Lesser Bear. In the Great Bear three stars form what is known as the Big Dipper. In the Lesser Bear three small stars and a big one form the Little Dipper. Two of the stars are called the guardians of the pole. Many stories are told about the Lesser Bear. You remember the story of the Greek nymph Callisto who was transformed into the Great Bear. The Greeks said that Areas, the son of Callisto, wanted to kill his mother. Jupiter changed Areas into the Lesser Bear. (Please furn to p(lge 159) THE ISLEf OF BEAUTY IPO, THE BEAUTY SPOT I N Summer days when the city air is dry and dusty, there comes to almost every dweller in the city the thought of a cool land of greens, of streams and waterfalls, of green capped peaks that tower to the blue sky. I po is the place of refuge. It is almost two hours' ride fi·om the city. Take the ·automobile or the motor-bus. !po has become so popular a place. During the past four years hundreds of people visited the spot. The winding roads to Ipo have become a point of pleasant remarks to all visitors. Upon entering Ipo, you will see the mountain peaks towering above the horizon. The mountains are not very high. Their summits are accessible as there are trails thal wind up through the tall trees. You look downward into the streams below that glisten in the sunlight. Big boulders stretched along the sides of the streams. You will be lured to take a dip into their clear waters. Whatever you do in Ipo you will enjoy it to the fullest extent, for the wonderful panorama will keep alive every moment of your stay. Ipo is a place of beauty! Every young citizen in the country should not miss to see this beauty spot. We hope to hear from you your impressions of Ipo in "The Young Citizen". '48 THE YOUNG CITIZEN Julu, 19J'i Chapter four TONIO'S FIRST FIGHT W IN DING in and out of the irregular rows of shacks and sheds that had been built without pattern or form on the water-edge of the Tonda beach, Tonio made his way slowly to the sea. His mind occupied with the i.mage of the woman of his previous night's dreams, he did not notice the group of beach urchins that had formed a circle on his very path. "Hoy, Amb6, see how stuck-up that beggar boy is? He would not even glance in our direction," one of the boys said. "Yes, Ikong, I see. He shall pay fo1· high-hatting us. Come boys, we shall lay out our plans." Tonio waded into the water and walked on until he reached a small island which appeared at low tide. With both hands and feet, he shoveled the sand in search of paro1!. In less than half an hour his basket was half-full of the small mussels. "Hey, Tonio, how would you like to have a refreshing drink of coconut water? If you go with us, I shall let you have as man~· nuts as you can pick." This offer came from Amb6. The boys had planned to take Tonio to a private lot and to set dogs upon him. "Thank you," Tonio answered meekly. "My Lo/o is expecting me now." And he THE ADVENTURES OF A BEGGAR BOY by Julio Cesar. Pena got up and started homeward. Suddenly his way was blocked by two of the boys, Ikong and Amb6, who had sta1ted fighting for no apparent cause. Tonio turned his steps toward anothe1· direction, but his way was blocked again by the fight·· ing boys and the spectators. Ikong was holding a stick but wa~ not using it against his adversary. He turned to Tonio holding out the stick, and said in a pleading: tone, "Tonio, please hold this for me. I will teach Amb6 a lesson." Baffled and not knowing what else to do, Tonio took hold of the end of the stick proffered to him. No sooner had he held it than he had to drop it. The end of the stick was smeared with carabao manure. A volley of laughter and howls broke from the gang who danced and leaped with cruel mirth. "Lick your fingers," shouted Amb6. "Smell them. What is the scent, kananga?" jeered another. Poor Tonio rubbed his hands with sand and rinsed them thoroughly with sea water. He was choking with rage, but he was helpless. If he were big enough to fight. he would show them ! "Come and box me," challenged Ikong. "Or, I will match you with one of your size," another shouted. Tonio swallowed the lump in his throat. He gritted his teeth and held back the tears that threatened to flow from his brimming July, 1935 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 149 eyes. He consoled himself by recalling hi.s Lalo's admonition that he must not get into a scrape. With lips set and head held high, Tonio started toward the shore. · "Hey yellow-biled, running home to mother? Stay longer. There is plenty of fish in the fishermen's bancas for a bakaw," yelled Amb6. "Why do you have to dig up for mussels? You always have two fresh oysters in yom· Lolo' s eye-sockets." Beastly shouts of glee from the gang hailed the last taunt hurled by Ikong. Tonio, who had made up his mind to maintain his self-control, suddenly flew into a rage and threw himself against Ikong, who was much bigger. Taken unawares, Ikong was scratched on the breast. But Tonio was severely punished for the scratch. He emerged from the melee badly bruised. He walked home permit me. He does not want me to fight." - "You don't have to tell him now. Later when you are able to support him with your own earnings and defend him with your own fists, you may tell him all. How prourl he would be of you, then," the other pt1·suaded. He introduced himself to Tonio as Mr. Borja. "Think it over, my friend. Every boy has to learn to fight. I'll be here tomorrow afternoon. I am sui·e you will find it to your advantage to accept my offer," Mi·. Borja finished, tapping Tonio on the shoulder. Tonio could not explain why the men were repellent to. him. In spite of their . app~rent interest in his welfare, Uw thought of his some day being able to supaching all over but proud · ~-----------~--~---~...,.,----.,.-, for having fought for a cause. For to him, no , ,'\ greater cause there was than to defend the honor of his Lolo. No one could insult his Lolo or refer to him slightingly and get away with it. When Tonio reached the shore, he was accosted by two young men. They exp1·essed their sympathy for him for the licking Pe had 1·ecei ved from the hands of the young beachcombers. One Qf them offered to give him boxing· les~ons. "Only an hour every afternoon," he coaxed. "Yes," joined the other, "and we shall also train you in a gainful but easy occupation. You will not have to beg nor to dig up for paras." "Thank you, Sil·s, but my Lolo will not port his Lolo tempted him to accept the pruffered help. Then, too, he would be able to go to school! He forgot the pains from the beating. "I will think it ove1·," he decided, and left the men. (Who are these men? Will they pro,·e to be true friends? Read the next chapte!' of "The Adventures of a Beggar Boy" in the next issue of "The Young Citi.zen".) 150 THE YOUNG CITIZEN .111/y, J9.fS AMONG THE BOY SCOUTSWASfflNGJON BOY SCOUT JAMBOREE AUGUST 21-30, 1935 by Fer'nllndo 'Pimentel THIS coming August 21st to August )0th, 1935, 10,000 Scouts from all over the United States and several of the foreign swut groups-which were invited by the National Co-.mcil. Boy Scouts of America to participate-will gather on a great camp. perhaps, the greatest camp ever held co this date in the world, at Washington, D. C. This great National Jamb~ree will last for ten glorious days and many interesting events will tJkc place that will be of educational value to the scouts who will be in attendance. A Philippine delegation composed of 3 2 scout.> and 3 leaders will soon leave our shores enroute to Washingrnn to represent the Philippine Islands ;:it this coming Jamboree. The campaign which is bi:ing carried out to help the council raise the necessat y funds to finance the expenses of our delegates hcis aroused much interest and enthusiasm. It has nsulted in many business firms who are interested in the welfare of youth and in the boy scouts responding to the call. The scouts who will represent the Philippine delegation will be selected by a local committee composed of Mr. Jorge Vargas, chairman: ~1r. Gabriel Maiialac and Mr. Lino Castillejos. Tbis: committee will make their final selections soon. To be a scout candidatr the scout must gather tl!e following requirements: he must at least be 15 year.;; of age: he must be at least a First Class Scout; his scout spirit. activity, and enthusiasm must be above that of other scouts in the country; he must aha show evidence of previous training experience in camping. The valuable training that the 30,000 boy scout..> who are expected to participate will get-as a result of this great Jamboree-will serve as an inspiratiou to the other scouts who are not fortunate enough to be chosen. More than twenty-five foreign scout groups are expected to participate. Friendship :111(i good-will between the 30,000 scouts attending \\·iii be observed, one of the chief scout mottos being practiced daily by every scout is: "A Scout is a friend tcr all and a brother to every other Scout". On the day of the opening (August 21st. 1935) of the Jamboree, a big parade and passing review oi all the scout groups participating in the Jambor.:c will take place. On this occasion, our scouts will have a chance to meet the President of the United States. who is Honorary President of the Boy Scouts of America. They will also meet the members of the President's cabinet and pcrson.11ly talk co tbe.'>c great men. What a thrilling and interesting moment it will be-to think of meeting and talking personally to the President of the United State.!.! What a memorable experience! Some of the places that will be visited by our scouts at the Jamboree are: the White House, Capitol Building, Library of Congress, WaShington Monument. Lincoln Memorial. National Gallery of Art. New National Museum, Freer Gallery of Art, Corcoran Gallery of Art, Old National Museum, Lincoln Museum, National Academy of Sciences, Amer ican Red Cross Building, Memorial Continental Hall. Pan-American Union, War and Navy Build,ng Navy Department, Bureau .of Aeronautics, Bureau of Engraving and Printing, Government Printing Office. Department· of Agriculture, Patent Offae. Treasury Department, Arlington National Cemetery, Alexandria, Virginia, Mount Vernon, Washington Cathedral, Franciscan Monastery, and mali}' others. Demonstrations as well as exhibitions and con1~ p~titions between scout groups will also take plate. Different types of camp arrangements, pageants. merit badge shows and exhibits, etc., will be rep. resented in the program for the entire ten days of glorious camping life in a foreign country. Ralh $ and countless games will be played every day. New Songs and Yells will also be introduced. Perhaps one of the most important and interesting events that wiII take place at this coming Jamboree-although this is not officially included in the program prepared-will be the exchange of gifts between scouts as souvenirs. The numerous storieS" related by the last Philippine delegation of scouts who partidpat(:d in the World Jamboree. two y~ars ago at Budape.it, pertaining to this event, make us believe that in this coming Jamboree a repetition of this same event is inevitable. as this hobby is generally practiced Ly every scout in any country. The Philippine delegation will not only experienct' the variety of valu~ble training offered by the Jam boree but they will also havC the opportunity uf visiting many oriental as well as occidental countries. This opportunity has been provided for thr delegation of scouts in order to gi\•e them a betler opportunity to learn more about foreign tradition<:. and trade. It will broaden their knowledge Jnd help them very much in their studies and in their scouting activities. (Please tum to page 152) July, 1935 THE YOUNG CITIZEN i5 l CHARACTER EDUCATION SECTION Himself His Capital By Restituto Carpio M Y parents were so poor that they could afford to give m~ only an elementary school education. I did not know what to c!o when I graduated from the seventh grade. Oh! If I were only rich, I would be with my classmates in the high school. perhaps to pursue this or that cout.:.c in a college or university after graduation. At the time I heard of a school in Central Luzon where boys could work and study at the same time. I applied for admission in this school." "The work at the Central Luzon Agricultural School was a man's job. I was a student farmer. and I built my house, cleared the land, and plant~d it in rice. While here I learned that if a student were but industrious, he had a chance to rise in the world. A good piece of irrigated Lmd in Muaoz yields 300 co1vans of palay a hectare. In 1920 a ca van of palay cost Pl 0. At tbis rate one can de· cently live on a hectare of land." "At the end of the first year. I' decided to go to Mindanao. With the little share from my ear:-.ings realized out of my ri~e crop, I started for th:! south. However, upon reaching Misamis, I hJci barely enough money to keep me alive. So I went to work as laborer for a lumber company at Kolambugan. In order to save money, I practised rigid economy in food and clothing. The next yc.11 I started for Agusan where I cleared a forest for kaingin. I had two hectares planted to com. When I harvested my crop, [ found out that I had :-oe sacks of shelled com. I sold my com in Bukiduon for Pl 5.00 a sack, and I was so happy to receive ever so much money in my life. I got a homestead, I sent for my parents up north. and here" in Mindanao we are going to stay for good." That is the story of Juan Santo Tomas whol1• I met on a boat _when the writer was on his way to Mindanao in July, 19 21. I have not heard from him since. But it is safe to conclude that any person who has ambition. industry. perseverance, anJ thrift is bound to succeed like him. For it is good ambition to improve the condition of your living and to do well whatever you do. The World's Finest Gem ONE of the most precious things which money can buy is the diamond. In our country persons who have money usually buy a diamond ring, or a diamond earring. or a diamond pin, or a diamond necklace. Some of them think that buying a diamond is one good way of savin:; money. For inscance. when a person h<is a diamond ring he can use it for ornament; and when he needs money, he can always pawn it. A diamond as big as a mango seed costs as much as P200. A diamond as big as· a grain of corn selis as much as P2,000. One of the finest diamonds in the world is called Kohinoor. This word means "mountain of light." The Kohinoor was given as a gift to Queen Victor.:a of England in l 849. In the year 1905 there w~s discovered in Souch Africa a big diamon~. le was the largest diamond in history. It became the property of Sir Thomas Culli'nan. It is now known as the Cullinan dia· mond. It weighed 1.37 pounds. Its size was .:f inches long, 2.5 inches wide, and J.25 inches higli. Ir was presented to King Edward VII of England in l 907. Lasr year a poor farmer, 62 years old, by th.: ~~me of Jacobus Jonker, became the owner of a i:hamond almost as large as rhc Cullinan. Jonker had been looking for a large diamond ever sfnce ho: was yet a young man. But he was not lucky. Ho: worked hard in mines. He spent years searching for one. bur failed. So last year, 1934, he decided tv !caw mining and to become a farmer. Without much money saved, he settled down in a small farm, a poor man. One day there was a strong rain· and wind. Jonker sent his scrvanr, a negro boy, to ~orK in his small field. The boy picked up a stone of rhe size of a hen's egg. The stone looked different from the orhers. He scratched his head with it. Right rhen it began ro shine. He immediately took it cu his master. Jonker discovered ir to be the large diamond he had been looking for.. Its weight was 5 ounces. It was 2 3/4 inches long, 1 I /2 inch("> high. and about l inch wide. Jonker took it t0 a big diamond company in South Africa which paid him abour P630.000. A diamond just taken from the carrh is rough. It needs polishing. The company sent the Jonker diamond co New York to bE cur and polished. Now that it is polished. it will cost over Pl,000,000. 152 ~ e ~ c~ c~;;> ~ ~ u ' ' KL I. 2. 3. 4. 5. 7. 9. IO. II 12. Write the name of tile article. THE YOUNG CITIZEN saucer plate cup rocking chair bowl armchair patter stool chair glass tablespoon teaspoon pan basin (Comp(lre 110111' work with tl1e list ozi page 160.) AMONG THE BOY (Contin11ed from J)(Lge 150) Th.: Seattle Area Council ha~ ;ilso invited the Philippine deleg~. tion to make a stop-over at thc~r place before going to Washington. Mr. Walsh. scout executive of t111 ! Seattle Area Council an,d his boy scouts are eagerly awaiting the an iv al of the Philippine delegation. He is planning to greet the Filipino scouts, personally-those scouts who won the admiration of the American delegation to the WoLld JJmboree, two years ago, as w.::.s related by the head, of the American delegation upon thl'ir return home. The Philippine delegation will stay as guests of the S.:attlc Arca Council boy scouts for one whole week and for this purpose J program has been prepared consisLing of the following: visits to historic places in Seattle and its sur· rnunding districts; seascout cruises; tr.:·,ining course in life saving a11J swimming: five-day mountain hike: and an intensive training course i1; camping. The delegation will th.:n embark for Washington, D. C., lvgcther with the delegation of rbe Seattle Area Council. On the way back, the Philippine ddegation will take the route via Canada where a splendid oppori.unity for -;ightseeing will be offered our scouts. Aside from these place.:>. they shall also visit Chicago. \Vyoming. New York and oth~r States, afcerwhich they shall board a ship which will take them home along· a different route for the ~e July, 1985 turn voyage. The extensive tnvd to be made by the delegation is eouivalent (according to a father of a scout. who is planning to p<·Y hi!' son's expenses for the trip.) to two years of school education anc! tr<:.ining. The delegation will be expected to arrive in Manila on October 17th, 1935. This grand .opportunity of travtlling and foreign experience in c.:omping with other scouts from around the world comes every four years when the World Jamboree is hdd. Although this coming Junhoree is not considered a \Vorld J,:mbo:ee, it has nevertheless an in· ti.:rnational representation. This coming Jamboree is being condu..:tcd as one of Lh.:! features of the program arranged by the N~ltior.al Council. Boy Scouts of Amcri.:.:. to celebrate .their Jubilee year. J't1st as this article was going to press the names of the scouls who have been selected to represent thi! Philippines tcere annotmced. 1 /Jt forttmate SCOUIS (lfl?: LEADERS1. Mr. Exequiel Villacorta 2. Mt·. Magno Topacio 3. Mr. Romeo Y. Atienza SCOUTS1. s,\lvador Bareng 2. Adolf Maack, Jr. 3. Magin Ong pin 4. Jose Carcereny 5. Ramon 1'~rauendorff 6. Enrique Ramos 7. Benigr.o l\fadarang 8, Rafael Larracas 9. Roberto Lim 10. Exequiel Montilla 11. Angel Vargas 12. Carlos Arguelles 13. Teodoro Balagtas 14. Gregorio Chua 15, Teofila Benitez 16. Jose Gil, Jr. 17. Manuel Arcebal 18. Jesus Sotelo 19. Manuel Reyes 20. Eduardo Martinez 21. Leon Hontivel'Os 22. Bayani Arit 23. Godofreclo P. Neric 2-l. Eduardo Castro 25. Benedicto Valencia 2G. Antor:io i\lanahan 27. Vicente Zaldal'iaga 28. Gil Bulahan 29. Fabiano Alano .'lo. Narceo Sambrano 31. Gines Rivera Jv/11, 19J,5 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 15 l HOBBY PAGE ~ed bg g.ilmo baldovmo BOTTLE DOLL 0 NE clay a small girl asked me if I coulcl fix her doll for her. It was an old wooden doll and its neck, body and one leg were broken beyond repai1·. I did not know much about fixing dolls, but I managed to tell her what to do to sav8 and make use of the good parts from her old toy. I told her to get a bottle of about eight 01· ten inches high, some sand and one or two candle sticks. Afte1· she came back with these materials, I took out the head of the doll from its neck and fitted a round sticl; of about three inches long into the head in place of its neck. (Figure 1) I filled up about foUl'-fifths of the bottie with sand. Then I melted the candle sticks and powcrecl it on top of the sand while it was still hot ~ncl then pushed the stick in the head into the melted candle sticks. (Figure 2) A piece of cloth was then wrapped and sewed around the neck of the bottle to make it bigge1·. Then I told the girl to take off the hands of the old doll and attach them on the cloth · which was placed around the bottle. After this was clone, I told her to make a new Filipina dress to fit her and that I'll come back after a clay or two to see how her new playmate will look. Three days late1-, I visited my small friend and found her doll beautifull~.· dressed and I never thought she made it out of an old broken doll and an old bottle. !54 THE YOUNG CITIZEN A V:U:SIT TU THU: SUN rial which reaches the earth may produce a display of Aurora Be>· realis. Passing over one of these spots in a rocket will be like passini'. over the funnel of a neamer in an airplane. The earth. the sun. and the stars an· probably made up of the same ekmenrs. The greatest difference between the sun and the earth, for instance, lies in the state of int£n&c heat in the sun. Just as ice can hi made fluid by melting. and waNr may be turned to steam by heating. and steam be broken uj> into mole·· Cllies by heating, so. in the sun, the ="-'-1.....::'--''-'-'-..I heat is sufficiently great to break I N the last issue of The Youug Citizen. you read about an imaginary visit to the moon. This time we shall take an imaginary trip to the sun. While the moon is smaller than our earth, tho:! sun is a million times larger thau the earth. Unlike the moon and the earth. the surface of the s~n is r.<ither solid like the rock, nor Ii· quid like water, but gaseous. Sunspots arc vent holes from which masses of hot gas are shot out at terrific speeds. They are a most important feature that a passenger in a rocket will see on the outer portion of the sun. The materia! ejrcted from the hole is of a blinding brightn~s . P.ut of this mat~up even the molecules into atoms, and the atoms themselves into pieces. The Pressure at the cente~ of the sun is so great we cannot even ima. gine its greatness .. If we.could takO? a pinhead of matter at the temperature of the core of the sun, it woulc! emit its radiation in the form of a terrific blast against which nothing could stand. Even a hundred yards away, the blast would be so strong as to blow over any fortifications which have ever been built. It would speedily shrivel up any man who venturrd within a thousand miles of it. NOTE:-This article is based on a work of Sir James H. Jeans, one of th:! f remost living astronomers. PHILIPPINE Fl/HEf-n. Popokol or Puqol In the rivers and seas in the Philippines we find many kinds of fishes. Some of them arc u '§eful. They give us food. Others are worthless an;J even dangerous. because they are poisonous. Among the poisonous Iii.hes, there is one which we find in parts of our seas where there are corals. In Tagalog these fishes an• called ''papakol", and in Visayan "pugot". . There are many kinds of fishes belonging to this clJss. Some of th-:·n have very brilliant colors, but the great majoritf are ugly-looking. One class has a d:uk-blue color. Their food cons.ists of snails, oystcrs, and other animals living ir. shells. When they find pearl-oystC'rs, they destroy them. In this way the "pugot" or "papakol" causes loss of money. Their strong t~dh and jaws enable them to crush the shells and thus get at the soft flesh inside. The body of one of these fishes is quite flat, slightly rounded. and covered with large rough scales. The mouth is small and low. It has short jaws where we find a single row of separate. stout. and powerful teeth. Its eyes ar.:- very far back and high up. Sometimes you see this kind of fi&h ~n the market. In some parts July, 1935 HEALTH SECTION THE DANGER OF GOING BAREFOOTED "Pablo, you used to be ve1·y bright and active. What has h.t(.I· ptned to you? Why do you look dull and sleepy?" Miss Mendoza remarked when she called on Pablo for the third time and caught him not paying attention. · A year ago. Pablo was one of the bright~st boys in the class. Miss Mendoza referred Pablo's C<'Se to the school nurse. who consulted the school physician.. The doctor examined Pablo. He w:as pale and thin. His eyes were dull and he had the feeling of being interested in nothing. His belly was a little too big for his body. He coughed sli~htly but persistently. The doctor prescri6ed a. medicine for.Pablo. A few hours after he had taken it, he excreted a bunch C'f worms knotted and twisted together. 00 Where did my boy get those ugly worms, Doctor." Pablo's mother asked. "From the ground." the doctor answered. "Perhaps your boy wdks barefooted. or plays with mud. The eggs of worms. which are found in the intestines. pass out with the human waste. These eggs hatch into tiny worms that remain in the dirt until they find entrance into the body through the pores of the skin. The worms are carried by the blood to the intestines. where they make their home. They suck the digested food· that should make the child"s bod) strong. Hence the child grows pale and weak." "I did not know such wont1s caused so much harm. I thought it was natural for everybody to have worms during childhood." Pablo's mother said. . She thanked the doctor and explained to Pablo the necessity of using some kind of footwear. of the Philippines those of moder.Jte size are eaten. But according to some scientists, they should not be eaten because their ftesfl is poisonous. (Pleaae turn to page 161) Jidy, 1935 HOW I TAKE CJ\RE OF MY BABY SISTER I am very fond of Lita, my bJby sister. I carry her although she is very heavy. Every morning I take hc1 to the playground. When we g0 home. I let her go to sleep. \\Then she wakes up we play in the house. Sometimes we go again to the playground. She is only one yt:ar and a half and yet" she c<.r.n say many things. She can say her wusins' names such as Baby, Irma, Boy, Mey. It is hard to pronounce my name so I taught her to call me "Ate", which is easier for her ttJ pronounce. When her cousins tease her she would say, ·'Mam1J1;i it0 Baby lo ta!" (Mamma. Ba_by beat Lita.) She always included hu name when she says something. By NORA CRUZ IV-A Rfral Elem. School, Ma1~iln A DAY OF PLEASURE Last May. we went to Antipolo to spend our summer vacation. On.: S.J.turday evening we all agreed to go to Mangahan the next day. Mangahan is one of the noted bathing places in Antipolo. We went to bed early that night in order to W<!ke up early the next morning. The next day, we ate our breaKf.ist and attended the mass. At about eight o'clock in the morning we were all ready for the hii<.e. There was a division of lal>or among us. My cousins carried tlil• kettle and pots while others carried th· chickens. I was assigned to Lat ry the rice. On the way to Mang.I h.:ln we were siilging and laughing 'Vv'e saw high mountains and ricefields, terraces. and beautiful scenery. After an hour's hike. we reached our destination. As soon as we THE YOUNG CITIZEN I 55 th spirit. Whenever the ghost was hit. fire came from its body. AftH af! hour, the ghost declared th.lt h.: was defeated. He asked the man to turn his face away for he had sonu:tbing to say. In a hollow voice that seemed to come from the grav~. he said that he had a pot of ~old hidden under the stairs. If he Jud not found a brave man to who111 he could tell his secret. he would changed our dresses we dressed the have been sent to hell' in ten day:,. chickens and built the fire. When Hl' have all his property to the mJn. all were ready, we jumped into the S"") that his relatives would beli.::v-~ water and took a bath. We ha<l the man's story. rhe dead man li:ft such a good time at rhe place that h~s finger marks on the door. W;.' almost forgot to eat our lunch. From thJt time. no more noisL:> \A/e stayed in the water while eat- wne heard in the haunted hou.>c. ing. After resting in the water our The bravz man and his family liv~·J' grandmother wanted to return. but thre in peace and plenty for mJn~· all of us opposed. So she waitt:d ye.-:.rs. and we went home at five o'clock in the afternoon bringing our ktttl~ and pots all empty. \Ve went homz happy and satisfied. When we re.:ched home we told our companions how much "we eiijoyed the picnic. They regretted not having gene with us. By ESTELITA F. CHOKO / • .4 Tori es High School, i\1(tmlr. THE REW ARD OF BRA Vr.R. Y In Baliwag many years ago, there lived J Spaniard. He lived alone. The neighbors believed he was a miser. After his death, the people heard strange noises coming from the house at twilight. N1) body would go near the house. One day there was a typhoon. Many houses were blown down. The Presidmte told the people to go to the house of the Spaniard. But nobody would go. At last three men offered to stay in the haunted house. Two of the men wne drunk. and slept right away or. the bed of the Spaniard. At tv.-ilight, there was a loud voic~. It was the ghost of the owner of th:• house. 1 t went to the bedroom ar.d found the drunkards on the By JULIANA ENRIQUEZ Class 1935, Rizal Elementa,·y School, Manii:r STORY A BIRD TOLD ME One day whrn I was sitting ou a bench. rwo kind-hearted girls came. Tho.'y requested me to t.'.!ll them about my life. I lived in a nest. When I wa:; about a month old I told mother that I would wander about ro src the beautiful world. My motlh•r told me that I might lose my way. But I CO.lxed her to lee me g:o. My mother scolded me and I cried. One day mother went away to looi~ fer some food. When mother w ,1s away I stole away from home. I went to the forest and looked for some berries. When .J wanted to go home. I could not find the way. Then two boys came. '1 hey trioo'd to shoot me. So I hid among the bi~ branches of an acacia tree. Mother came to our nest. She was surprised to see me in the rree. I begged hi:r to forgive me and we went home. By MATILDE BAUTISTA VI-n E .. .Jacinto Blem. School, Ma.niltt b(;d. So the ghost threw chem out MY DREAM o~ the window. One died instanriy It was three o'clock in the afterThe other broke his leg. The noon, when I fell asleep. My coughost went to the kitchen and sir, lilang went to our house Jad found th~ third man cooking. Tb..! told me to go fishing in the rivl'r. mJn pulled his belt and whipp-.:d (Ph·nsc turn to page 162) 156 0 TRffS 0 Ct11LDREN, HAVE: YOU EVER NOTICE;D Tl-IAT MANY Of OUR TREES ARE MUCH LlkE E>ALLS AND SOME ARf LIKE: GROUPS Of BALLS? foR. DRAWING 51MPU: R.OUl'ID-H!:AD OR BALL-LIKI: TR!':E5, YOU WILL FIND THAT THE WAYS ILLUSTRA"Tf Al:IOYt WILL Bf. HE:LPfUL. THE YOUNG CITIZEN DRAWING LESSONS FOR LITTLE ARTISTS by __gilmo baldovino 4low \o DRAW A fuNNY fAct t. DRAW A Rcc.TAl-!GLE: AND Div10E: \T As SHOWN. 2 . .PLACE AN OVAL INs101:. 3.Aoo THE No5E, EYcs, MouT~ AND f:ARs.4 .. Tu"N DRAwTut ~AIR. July, 19. 1~ 2 IN T\.1RE E: STEPS YOU CAI'\ DR.AW T~IS W\-llTE GOOSf::.. LE:T us SEE I.WW WELL YOU CAN' COPY. CAN You WATE.R. Cc>LOR.? \. TH ERE A Rt TH REC. COLORS '· -R.E:D, bLUE:. AttD YELLOW.· ThQse colors are. callo.d Primary or simple c.o-lors, becausQ tho:z.y c~n nol lxz made. by any mixtu,..e.. of dher colons. from \he- primary colors, you make corn pound cdlors as Green, Orange and Yellow To rnab: areen - A\"x Nuo. and Yellow Pu rple-;l\ix !'ii ue and Red Ornn9e •#.ix Red and 'kllow. lv\ake. Or\. a.nlar9ed copy of fhe drawin9 on lno. lefl on a 5hedc of draw in9 paper. Then color your copy usin9 only the. lhree prirn3ry color..5. Yollow diradions for color-mi,Jure .. Jvly, J9,J5 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 157 13()()1\S TINY TOILERS AND THEIR WORK by G. Glenwood Clark. Spiders, bees, ants, wasps an(' 01 her little busy creatures are writtrn about in this book and compared with cowherds. aviators. builders. dressmakers, athletes ;md other active folk. T() "GOD OF GREAT TREES. GOD OF WILD GRASSES. GOD OF LITTLE FLOWERS · HEAR MY SALUTATION!" from A Chant Out of Doors by Marguerite Wilkinson. Making friends with nawrr~ that's what many of us would like to do and it is what many of us should do. We all would be so much happier if we would. try LO lC'arn more about nature. There would not be so many lonely moments in our lives. And. of course, it is quite easy and no task at :i.11 to make friends with all the interesting things in the fields, thr. forests. the waters and the lJ!Ollntains. Some boys and girls take long walks with their fathers and mothers during vacation time or on w-.:ck end days. That is the time to see ar.d hear the many wonders in the world of nature. le seems that the more these boys . and girls learn about nature's wonderland the more wonderful and the more inte1 esting life gets to be. Boys and girls who belong to out-of-door organizations. such as S:\grada Corazon de Maria. the Pasay Hijas de Maria, The Boy Scouts of America. The Pioneers of thr Philippines, The Campfire Girls. The Girl Scouts of America and many ocher organizations arld clubs, arc given man·y opportunities to observe and to enjoy moth· er nature's beauties to the fullest extent. But in spite of all their hiking and camping there are many things yet co be discovered upon the pages of books which have bE:E:n written by people who have studied nature's wonderland for per· hJps a life time. You will find any of the follow- THE CLEVER LITTLE PEOi!lg books vrry interesting readin~: PLE WITH SIX LEGS.by Hallam THE STORY OF THE EARTH: Hawksworth. HOW THE EAR TH GOT HERE: HOW THE EARTH WAS CHANGED: HOW Tl-II' EARTH CAME ALIVE: THE COAL AGE: THE AGE OF TERR.IBLE LIZARDS: THE ICE AGE: MEN OF LONG AGO by Carleton W. \Vashburn and H. C. \Vashburn. ST AR--LAND by Sir Rob'rt Stowell Bell. In this book the :luthor giws very interesting and amusing title;; to his chapters a.bout the six footed cri:atures. "In the Wonderland of the Pigmy People": "How the Lilliputians. keep Hallowe'en"'; "New Year Calls on a Few First Families'"; ''Washington's birthday"': '"The Insect Republics". E. M.L. This is about the .wondfrs of the HELPFULNESS AT htavens, the sun, the moon, 'giant' planets. comets and shooting stars. ASTRONOMY FROM A DIPPER. with charts by Eliot Channing Clark. A book with simple drawings and simple explanations. Helpful in locating the constellations and principal stars by means of the divper. WONDERS OF THE SEA by F. Martin Duncan and L. T. Du1lcan. There are six books of chis Slt. They contain wonders of the 1'>hore: The lobster and his rel.;;,tic'"'ns: The starfish and his relations; Dwellers in the rock pool it: Life in the de.ep sea; The sea birds. The first book tells all about plants. shells and seaweed. Some of the illustrations are in color. KNOWING INSECTS THROUGH STORIES "" Floyd Bralliar. This book relates a boy's experiences with insects. It contains siy colored plates ahd many black and white illustrations. (Conti'nued from page 189) We could help father. too. When he arrives from his work at noon. tired and hungry, would ic not make him happy if we couid remove his shoes, bring his slippers to him. and then give him a glasf' of water? And don't we feel happy when father is happy? We could also help our brotheri; and sisters. We could help even our servants if we have any. Of course if we ar~ ready co help each other in .all the things we do at home. we. do not need any servants at all. In such a case, everybody will be veay h"PPY. because each is helpep by some one and each gives help to some one. It is a good habit to sec to it that everyday we should tr} co help each other in everything WP do at home. Helpfulness at home among the members of the family, father. mother, and children brings happiness and sunshine to every member of the household. Helpfulness at home makes us enjoy the blessing;; of the "Home. Sweet Home ... Dr. [. PANLASIGU! 158 THE YOUNG CITIZEN July, 19.1.'i KIKO'S ADVENTURES - Caught in the Act by __g,ilmo b<'.lJdovino THE ORDER OF THE WHEN THEY WERE THE STUPID BOY (Contini•rcl from page, 1.46) (Co11fin11cd .from- J)age 145) (Continued from 1>age 143) "They " answered the as- Jnd then supervising teacher aml "Oh, I know. Aunt Rosa, sistant. q•ialified in the "senior teacher know now: A big, fat animal. It examination." One time h(' was of· "They what'. Come on. talk!" fcrcd the superintendent's positi0r:. is like "They tried to take off my in Zambales. He declined the oit~r Rosa?" Pepe asked earnestly. like you. is it not, Aunt pants The director could not help but laugh. He continued, co accept the pcns"ionad6ship to th(.! "Go back and tell Aunt M:iria United States to pursue courses in to take the two of you for a walk. education. stupid!" And with that she left While a teacher. he took the hig!1 a surprised Pepe standing beside "But why~" school course by corresponder:.ct. Baby's carriage. But suddenly "I tried lo cake back the cin can but could not cover the laboratory Pepe's eyes grew round and big. they stole from your table. Thcr subjects. He finished the five-ye.tr for he could sec a horse running jumped upon me-all seven of course leading to th.e master of Arts very very fast without anybody on them-and tried to undress me. degree in the Columbia Univer~ity its back. And before he could "Oh! I sec." in three years [aking at the same think another little thought the time a few high school subjects. horse was almost on Baby's carThe director sto)pcd for a whil~ A man of high principles and a riage. So he gave Baby's carriage and began to think. He then lofty sense of duty, he always sci.s a big. big push. and then everywhisp('rcd something to the car of a high standard of work for bis thing became black. his assistant. I-Ii> face brightened. They went to th('ir tent and begar1 to laugh. They were carcfol though not to w.1kc up the camp·· crs. Th~y finally fell asleep with smile still on th('ir faces. The ur · d('r of the Sho:·t Pants were left outside wondering why, after all. th'.? two were laughing so merrily. V cry early the next morning th~ bugle was sounded. The boys got up and fixed their beds. They then lined up for the morning asscmbl). As usual the director was at his post ready to begin tk morning warmup. Much to th~· surprise of Jll. sC'vcn leaders wcr~ missing. Finally they came out of their tents. subordinates. who have to keep µac1.' with him always, such is the tremendous influence of his personal ity. At all times firm. upright, anc! fearless. Florentino Cayce has won the respect of his colleagues. the ad .. miration or his subordinates. and the esteem of cv::rybody who know~ him. When he opened his eyes, be was on his Mother's bed wich Aunt Rosa. Aunt Maria, Mother, and many others around him. And all he could hear were the words "my d<1rling", "my brave pet''. "my dear" and many other beaucifo: nam~s by which he had never been cJlled before. He was waiting for "stupid boy"; but it never came. su What a sight! One was trying h..: gave them a sweet. sweet smile to hide his swollen lips. Another and closed hi~ big. round eyes. had his hands in his pockets. -1 h·~ others w~rc trying to cough oif something which seemed to be stuck in their throats. It turned out that the cake they -a reason why it was left on th<! rJ.ble unguarded. The Order of the Short P.rnt'i frastcd on was full of big red anl3 did not meet anymore. THE YOUNG CITIZEN 159 CHILDREN'S SCHOOL SONG C'LEANU/''fESS ][S NEXT TO COlJUNJESS Composed exchisively for THE YOUNG CITIZEN J C!Qan-li --- n<>-ss J I tf j so \' ll d l::I na.xt ll'ords and Music fly RODOLFO V. CHAVES al -'---ways be claan ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~d~ ~) ~jtJ CLQan i.n mi.n.d so '3ol.d -- 0n. th.ou~hts \'LL find } ) I F tr\. h.ea.rt s love con. Jo its pa.rt ---J I J #~ I ij~ '1. ~ I ) I j , Clea.1"\. 1.1'- .soul for I'm God's chi.ld, ths J r F r - a. -Lon~, all, If 16,-u l'rr--. strol"\.~ h.eolth-y oT\.d all d Ii ,-JIJfJ(J _., If' ii l'm true- tn.d brave and Ltve - o/ too,. 1&:9-. d J I J g I g r I ~~ I ~~ I p ll's be.- -cau.se. THE SKY AND THE (Contimwd fl'om vage 147) The American Indians had a l·.:gend respecting this constellation. poared. She introduced hersdf ,, ERNESTO'S EXCURSION the spirit of the Pole Star. Follow- (Confini•cd fi·om page 144) ing her. the hunters reached home fronts, and the other stealing be· hind to tweak its tail.' safely. \\'hen the huncers di.:d. "Father, I wane to know mor·.! they were carried up into the hcav- about birds." Some Indian hunters lost their way. ens forming the Little Dipper and After praying to their gods to show following the Pole Star faithfull) them the way, a little child ap- every .dear night. "I shall tell you more about other interesting birds of thl' Philippines. II 160 THE YOUNG CITIZEN J11/y, 1935 BOY SCOUT EQUIPMENT can be obtained FREE of CHARGE in exchange for labds or coupons of"MILKMAID" Condrnscd Milk "ALPINE" Evaporat<d Milk "MOLICO" Powdered Milk "PETER'S" Cocoa and all other NESTLE PRODUCTS ALL EQUIPMENT WILL BE ORA WN FROM YOUR MANILA HEADQUARTFRS Nestle & Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Co. MANILA-ILOILO-CEBU-ZAMBOANG\ - -- SRNIJ VS '/'lllS COUl'ON - - NESTLE & ANGLO-SWISS CONDENSED MILK CO. P. 0. Rox r.:18, Manila, P. J. J),.,u· Si>·.•: Will you l>l<·•b<' wnt! nl<' yom· Jl!llll]lhl<"l "howing how I <'l\n ol>ta;n lloy Scout EqlliJ>nl<'nt FREE 01·' CHARGE in cxehun~tl' fo1· \ul>d• :iml r"UJhms or your p1oduets. :\DURESS Learninq !he Nam~s of Thinqs (Names) 'O cup e bowl ~ saucer c5:;> plate c;=- ~ platter =r== teaspoon ·~ tablespoon fJ glass or tumbler ' chair ~ stool armchair rocking chair July, 1935 l ..}',., !-" r ,,, , ',,., , fHE YOUNG CITIZEN J-,GOOD TIZ~MIHIP THE COURTS UNDER THE CONSTITUTION The Constitution of the Philip-· pines contains rules which make courts or judges independent. for irstance, a judge may not be discharged from his office as long .i.s hi( behavior is good. He has tho! right to continue in office until he reaches the age of 70 years or until he has becOme incapacitated. Thus lw may not be threatened with expulsion from office if he decides ;i. case against any government" official. even if such officia"l is the President of the Philippines himself: Another way by which the Constitution protects the independence oi a judge is by prohibiting the l0wering of his salary at any time while he is in office. No offi".:r may, therefore, cut the salary of a judge who refuses to give him favors. The protection given to judges by the constitution is made stror.ger still by the rule which says that hl" may not be transferred from one district to another without the ap proval of the Supreme Court. Til<.! governor of a province may dis:ike a judge for. deciding a case against him. He may wane the judge removed from his province to another. But if the Supreme Court docs not approve the transfer, the governor or any other official ha.-; no way of getting rid of a judge. The highest court of the Philippines under the constitution is th( Supreme Court. It is composed of eleven mcm hers. One of them is called the chief justice and the ot:1er ten arc associate justices. The Supreme .Court has two .important duties to perform. On1: is tn decide cases of great importance coming from the lower courts. An· other duty is to declare whether a law passed by the National Assembly or an order issued by the Presidmt of the Philippines is not con· trary to the rules found in the Constitution. If the Supreme Court finds that a law or an order oi the President is contrary to an; rule of th<! Constitution. it may Lie. cLre the !J.w or order invalid. An invalid law of the National Assembly or o'rde1 of the President has no force. It need not be obeyed by the people. It cannot give any person any right. No one may be punished for violating its provisions. The Constitution requires that before a law may .be de~lared in,·;:lid, at least two-thirds of all the members of the Supreme Court agree to its invalidity. If less than two-thirds of the justices are of the opinion that the law is invalid, the law will remain valid. In other \1.;ords there must be at least eight justices who should. vote that lh~ bw is invalid. The Supreme Court is given ar:.olher duty by the Constiturion. This duty is to make rules which shall be followed by any person aud their lawyers in the trial of cas.::s. These rules are called ruks of procedure and practice. They must b<! followed by a person who has a case to be presented in the courts. These rules declare how a person should take his case to a court. how a lawyer should appear in court, and how he should present the case of his client. The National Assembly, however. has the power to make changes in these rules of procedure made by the Supn'mc Court. Another duty or power given b} the constitution to the Supreme Court is the power to allow or permit persons to act as lawyers. A young man wants to be a IJwycr. He studied in a law school. 1-ic I 61 graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Laws. It does not mean chat when he has this Jaw degre..? he can act as a lawyer for any person. He must first pass an examination. This examination is given by the Supreme Court. The.se rules may also be changed by the National Assembly. The Constitution fixes the sala.ty ol the chief just.ice of the Supreme Ccurt at PI 6,000 a year. Each associate justice is given a salary cf r15.000 a year. The National Assi'mbly, however, may change this amount. But o_nce changed the salary may not be decreased any more during the term of office of the justices concerned. No person who is not a l.lwycr may be appointed to any judicial position. Thus even a justice of the peace. who occupies the lowest place in our judici3ry. has to be a lawyer. A. justice of the Supreme Cotirt must have been five years a citizen of the Philippines. He must be :it least forty years old and must ha,·c been for at least ten years a judge of a court of record or must have "" been engaged in the practice of law in the Philippines for at least the same length of time. POISONOUS AND (Continued .from page 155) 111 ocher lands, such as Cuba and J'vlauritius, where this fish is also found, they are not allowed to be sold in the market because they do h.um co human beings. According tn one physician in the island o( Mauritius, the "papakol" or "pugot" causes a bad effect on the stomach of the person who cats it. The muscles of his stomach contr;i.cts, and afterwards the same effect will be felt throughout his entire body. The person then feels a sickening pain. His breathing becomes hard and difficult; and the11, if he is not trea'tcd at once, he dies. In case this kind of poisoning happens to you, you should take some medicine that will make yoti vomit, so this doctor advises us. Even those kinds which are not exacxtly poisonous, we find that they do not taste well. They are a wholesome food. !62 THE YOUNG CITIZEN Mee~ Some of Our Readers Pt1rin17 Semill1' and brothers, Santn Ana, Manila. Mritr.o, Pudta, Conscjo, and Loin-di~.<; A r·iznlml of Baguio. HOW "BJ\BY"' (Contin11r<l .from JJOUC J!,I) The children raised their hand~. Fiery raised her hand. too. "I shall have Flerv this time."' the teacher said. :.Her mother s.lys Fiery works bard at home." Fiery \Vas a better monitor tban Celia. She helped the other children with their work. She led rhcm in their games. The teacher called her Flcrv. The children called her Flery. she did not answer wh::n she was cllh:d ··a.by". S11lvio I.Am, IAuo-<f.cs Hif(ldo, Ailct Rodi·iguez, Lita. M mi;;m10, 1htd Gforfrt Avccilla. Norn. c ,.,iz and her baby sister. (Sec~ her co11frib11t-ion on 71. 154.) SOLUTION TO CROSS-WORD PUZZLE OF JUNE ISSUE July, J9J5 PEN J\ND PENCIL (Co1tti111ted from page 155) I was so happy that I jumped for joy because that was my first chance to go fishing. I took my hook and line. I got a pail of water and I began to fish by my«lf. Just then my hook and line becan;" V(ry heavy. I was frightened sv l told my cousin that it was he.wy. Then my cousin said, "Pull! Pull thr line and be surC' to hold it tiihtly." So I began co pull i.lw string. Just then I was awakened by the fierce wind that was blowing very hard I opened my eyes and found out that it was only a dr~Am ar.d that I was pulling the braiOt:<l hair of our servant. By REMEDIOS HERNANDEZ t-'f-A Rizal Elem. School, Manil1 t AN ENJOY J\BLE PICNIC One summer vacation we went to a hill in Angat. A teacher i1> vi1cd us to a summer house sbadt:d bl mango and duhat trees. There we had a picnic. What attracted m i.: most were the mango trees ladt>n with fruit. After breakfast, our hostess took us down to gather clusters of mangoes and sweet duh.it as Dig as the tiny guavas. Two mrn climbed the duhat tree. When they shook the branches, the luscious b(rries rained on us. W e st.::rted for home at eleven o'clock. \\i(" were very tired. but happy. By ARACELI CINCO V I-A R izal Elem . S chool, Jl!u11 ii,1 VACATION DJ\ YS ARE OVER I was suddmly awakened by the ringing of our clock. I opened my eyes and rubbed them. I stretched my body. I did not want to go away from my cozy bed. I have had a nice place in my bed. I wantccl to sl~p some more but I knew that I would be late in the class. M y breakfast was hurriedly eaten. As I dressed for school, I felt sad for vacuion is now over. By AGRIPINA RUBIN 11'·8 E. Jacin.to E cmentary School AN ANSWER ON Why Printing Estimates Seem To Differ Sometimes you receive a wide range of quotations on what is apparently the same piece of printing. All printers probahly figured on the same papc.r and size, but they differed on the one thing y_ou could not exactly specify-quality. Each quoted on his particular qualitr. It is difference-the style. design, taste, workmanship-that gives personality to printing and governs the price at which printers sell the product of their plan ts. Quality Prin1in9 is the only kind we do. UNIVE;RSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES PRESS Printers • Bookbinders • Stationers'• Publishers Telephone 5-76-66 • 405 Padre Fi'ura, Manila 1-IAPPY 1-10.UR BOCW~J Color picture books-famous old fairy tales. favorite verse'>, simpk modern stories. Just che kind of books srnall children like besc. f'HREE LITTLE KITTENS THE THREE BEARS HANSEL AND GRETEL LITTLE BLACK SAMBO THE UGLY DUCKLING CHICKEN LITTLE THE PIED PIPER THE LITTLE RED 1-IEN THREE LITTLE PIGS THE STEADFAST TIN . SOLDIER Price: JACK AND THE BEANSTALK HUMPTY-DUMPTY AND OTil ER FUNNY PEOPLE FRO;\-] MOTHER GOOSE THE POSTMAN Tl-IE MOTORMAN THE POLICEMAN THE Ei'<GINEER THE HREMAN THE DELIVERYMEN 60 Centavos Come~:to our shop. Tl il CCMMUNIT\ PUBLIShtl:S, INC. 4Qj Padre Faura. Ermila Manila t:i(across /iom the .f/leneo) "i ~~ .. ~ r::.· ;;,, The MOD~RN ~NCYCLOP~DIA for CHILDR~N lComplete in one volume) The Richest Treasure You Can Give Your Children 1,200 pictures 3 00, 000 words E:very Picture and E:very Paragraph Answer Your Children's Question How Much Do Your Children Know? All active. growing minds hunger for facts. They are eager for answers to hundreds of questions. They want pictures, that tell things and explana· tions that they can understand. They want knowledge that will lead them to success in life. stimulating information that will put them ahead in their work at school. Give them the right books .rnd they will learn eagerly. Put The Modern Encyclopedia for Children before them and sec how quickly they become rn 1 ranccd in its rich pages. T his entirely new and on ginal work 1 s the "Open Sesame" to the whole vast treasury of kno wledge. It leads the children on a never-ending voyage of discovery into dazzling wonderlands. The amazing story of th' heavens. the marvd s of animal life. the secrets o f nature, the birth of mankind and its triumphant progress through the pages of history, great stories from all nations, things to make and do. new games to pl.iy-here, in simple words and vivid pictures arc the precious things of humJn knowledge, vital to sensitive minds. a great and essrntial first experience that you can give your children TO~ DAY. T HE MODERN ENCYCLOPEDIA FOR CHILDREN is the first work of Its kind within the reach of every pocket. Jn one handy volume. it will be your children's constant companion. Every elementary school should have this book in the library Approved br the Bureau of Fducat1on for Elenlcnlar}· School~ Sold e>Cclusive\y by Communit4 Publish~rs, Inc. 40.5 P. Faura, M anila Tel. ~ - 7b-8b