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The Young Citizen : the magazine for young people

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Part of The Young Citizen: The Magazine for Young People

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The Young Citizen : the magazine for young people

Issue Date

Volume 2 (Issue No.2) March 1936

Year

1936

Language

English

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extracted text

MARCH, 1936 A. 'Po{.01 !~ ""°· 01. Just Published-A PRIMER OF THE PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION BY PROF. VICENTE G. SINCO A textbook which should be in the hands of every student of civics and Philippine government, because it is the only up-to-elate book on the subject. Appl'oved by the Bureau of Education-I .. REPLY AOOR£S5 TllE DIHCTOR OF [OUCATIOM MANIU, P. I. COMMONWEALTH OF" THE PHILIPPINE'S DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION BUREAU OF EDUCATION MANILA 51534 December 27, 1935 Prof. Vicente G. Sinco University of the Philippines Manila, P. I. Dear Sir: This is to advise you that A Primer of the Philippine Constitution has been approved as a supplementary reader for Grade VII and as a reference book for Grade V and VI. Its approval will be announced in a forthcoming academic bullet in. 54029 Send your orders to Communit.q Publish~rs, Inc. 405 P. FAURA, MANILA lhe !h~ung (itilen THE MAGAZINE FOR YOUNG PEOPLE PUBLISHED MONTHLY • Volume 1 Numbe• l Entered a11 Secnnd Class Mail Matte1· ut the Man'ila Post Office on Jtay 16, 19J5 Thie Magazine is Approved by the Bureau of Education for Public Schools The Message This Monl::h VACATION DAYS S::hools are closed this month. There are many chings that we, school chil · dren, should think about .1t thi~ time of tkie year. First-We are now ar 1.h:! end of the school year. Let us ask ourselves these questions-Did we do the best we could in our school work~ Did we study our lessons every day? Did we <lo our home work honestly and promptly? We ourselves know the answers to 1 he:>e questions. We cannot deceive ourselves. Those of us who have been diligent .ind earnest in our studies v,rill be promoted next June and those' who were not diligent and earnest wiII not be promoted. If we have not done our best this year, let us decide now that next June we will study harJ our lessons and do all our school work. Second-When the schools are closed we ha\'.e the long summer vacation. What are we going to do dur.ing this vacation? a. We must play. Certainly we musr play be cause we have been going to school for the last ten. months. Now that we have no more classes to attend every day, we can play. We' (Plea.se furn fo 1mne 42) This Month MARCH, 1936 er's Li.illaby (A Poem)-Lulu de la Paz 46 Children's Secret (A Story)-Aunt Jtdia 47 . os in the Black Cave (A Story)-Antonio Muiioz . . . . . 48 Legend of the Rosal-£. V, R. 50 The Plants Around Us 51 The Honey Bee , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 The Adventures of a Beggar Boy-Julio Cescir Pe ii a 52 The Kinds of Birds , . . . 54 The Ruins of Guadalupe (Interesting Places) -Francisco Carballo .. "Come Into My Garden" The Air-J. C. P. . ............ . 55 56 56 Educating a Pet Dog-(Talk-ing Abo.ut Pets) 57 Diligence (Character Building) . . . . 58 Scouting in the Philippines (Among the Boy Scouts)-Horacio Ochangco , . . . • . • • • . 59 The Mosi Beautiful Children of 1936 (Pictorial) 60 Movie Page For _Your Cooking Games The Month of March The Balloon Hobby Page (The Dancing Dick)-Gilmo Bal61 62 62 62 dovino . . . . . . . . . . . . • 63 Philippine Fresh Water F'ish~s-(Aunt Julia's True Stories) 64 Learning the Use of New Words . . . . . . . 64 The Magic of Sleep (Health Section)-Dolo1·es Tensuan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Strange Facts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Drawing Less::ins for Little· Artists . 66 Pen and Pencil Circle 67 Young Writers' S~ction 67 :Books to Read 68 How Places were Named 70 Scout Hermoso Saves Drowning Boy . . 70 Uur Monthly Crossword Puzzle-George Flef.cher 76 Kiko's Adventures-GUmo Baldovino 72 A Faithful Di;ig (Song)-Vl-A Pupils, Nasugbu Elem, School .................... , . 73 The Idle Butterfly-£. V. R. 75 Makale, Ethiopia's "Salt Seller" 76 When They Wero Young , . 76 Eve')I Month In THE YOUNG CITIZEN you will always find'. Stories Young people will read again and again - stories that build character, fo~k­ lore, fanciful stories, and tducational stories. Poems that the young people of thP. Philippines love. Contests and Tltings-ToDo Games, puzzles, things to make, cooking, drawing, etc. Art, History, and Nature Study Beautiful photographs and entertaining articles and stories which can really entertain and interest young pe(lple in these important subjects. Interesting Features The Pen and Pencil Circle, which stimulates creative expression; the Hobby Page, which opens the way to new interests and develops initiative; and the Citizenship Page, which instills practical ideals of good cit.izenship in the boys and girls who tomorrow will . be the leader's of the world. Book Chats About. books and authors young people will be interested in. Science and Health Talks on scientific subjects, special recipes and menus, articles on health and sanitation. Editon'al LJ'i,.e.r.tor: Jose E. Romero. Staff Edi'o1·: Ligaya Victorio Reyes S11.bsc1·iption P1·ice: P3 for one year of 12 issues; $2.00 in the United States and foreign countries. Single copy, 30 centavos. ·ContJ'ibuHng Editors: Juliana C. Pineda, I. Panlasigui, and Antonio Mufi.oz. 'Stnff Arfisf: Gilmo Baldovino. R11sincss Mn:nagcr: E. C. Garcia. Publish"d bv COMMTT'\'J'fY Pt'BUSHERS, INc., 405 P." Faura, Manila, Philippines Subscriptions are to be paid to COMMUN'ITY PUBLISHERS, INC. 405 P. Faura, Manila, P. I. RePJ·oduction of an11 matler herein is prohibited. 46 THE YOUNG CITIZEN Mother's Lullaby By LULU DE LA PAZ f.'niili:> Jucinlu Elcnientar·y School - I - Close your eyes my little darlings , Sleep my children blest, The sun is set, the moon is highThe birds are in their nests. -IISleep my little blue-eyed Bo-Peep, Sleep my Captain Kid, Close your eyes my little prince,;.s, Hush, Baby Bunting Sweet. -IIIThe stars are keeping watch, dears, , The sheep have gone to bedThe breeze js cool out-doors it seems, The cows are in the shed. .llarch, ] .'1.:6 THE YOUNG CITIZEN LITTLE STORIES FOR LITTLE PEOPLE The Children's Secret e, AU.'i r JULIA HREE young heads T were huddled together over a shining coconut shell bank. "Ernie, break it open with this bolo," Irma whispered. "Spread out, I might hit you," Ernie warned in low excited tones. "Do not hit very hard You might awaken Mother." This from Frida. Ernie raised the bolo and brought it down with all his strength. Centavos black with age and green with mold rolled in all directions. "Let us see how much we have," Irma suggested. Each got a handful and counted. With a fine stick Irma wrote the numbers on the ground and added them up. "Two pesos and sixty-six centavos," Irma announced. Frida, the youngest of the three, rushed upstairs and into Mother's room. ''Mother, Mother! We have a secret." "A secret? Then I suppose I should not ask what it is about." "I shall not tell you about it. Sister and ~ Brother will scold me if I do." Frida t backed out of the room repeating, "It i.s a secret." A few minutes later, the three children entered Mother's room. Finding Mother occupied, Irma suggested, "Mother, it is dark here. How would you like to do your ~ darning out on the porch?" ~ "Let me carry your sewing basket for you," offered Ernie. ~ Mother got up and allowed herself to be dragged out by Frida. Irma opened the wardrobe. The other two looked on. "Mother has many ternos. She will not need any. Besides, our money will not be enough," Irma said. They looked the dressing . table over. Nothing was lacking there. "Let us give her a birthday cake," Ernie suggested. "Or some fruit," Frida put in. Irma was silent. Being the oldest, she must decide for the other two. "We must find out what Mother wants for a birthday gift," she finally said. The children went out. They sat around Mother. She did not seem to notice · them. They looked at one another. Ernie nudged at Irma and whispered, "Go ahead, Sister, ask her what she would like to have." "Yes, Ate, go ahead," Frida urged. "Mother," Irma began, "if . . . if a friend were to give you a gift, what would you rather have?" "I should be thankful ·for anything," Mother answered. "Of course, I would rather get something useful and lasting. Why do you ask? I wonder if anybody would remember my birthday." "Why . . . " the impulsive Frida blurted oc1t, but she stopped when her brother poked (Please t111"1t to page 68) THE YOUNG CITIZEN .llarch, l!!JV (A Folklore Story) By ANTONIO C. MUNOZ ONCE a boy was in a thick forest. As he walked he seemed to be looking for something. Sometimes he would stop and examine the piles of leaves and twigs on the way. Then he would go on, Jnly to stop again to see if something lay under a big stone by the pathside. At last, tired and disappointed, he sat down on a log and cried. "What ails you, my boy?" said a voice from behind. Marcos looked around and just a few feet away from him stood an old man. His hair Was as white as abaca fiber. Th2 white beard which hang from his chin partly · hid his breast. Wrinkles covered his cheeks and forehead. A pipe of bamboo and clay stuck in his mouth. "What brings you to this place, son?" asked the old man . . "Oh, kind sir, my mother is sick, very s1~k, and I am here to get something that will cure her," Marcos replied. "Who told you to come here and how do you know that the medicine that will cure your mother is in this forest?" inquired the old man. "My mother cannot move. She cannot even move he1· arms. I consider her a dead woman among the living," explained Marcos. MARCOS IN Tl-IE "Last night," Marcos continued, "I dreamed that somewhere in this forest I shall find the remedy that will restore my mother to her· former condition. When I woke up this moming, I lost no time in coming to this place. But I am discouraged, sir, for I don't even know· what it is that I'm looking for." '·Don't worry, son, for I can help you and I will help you," the old m1n assured him. "Please, sir, help me," bzgged Marcos. "If my mother gets well, I shall be your servant as long as you want me to be." "Do you see that rock?" asked the old man pointing to a big black rock a stone's throw away from them. "Behind it is.the en.tr:mce to the Black Cave. The cave has the sha!~e of a tunnel about two hundred meters long. At the back part, the cave · opens to a garden. In the garden, there are many plants. One and only one of them will. i'estore your mother back to health. Its leav-es are red. The flowers are white. The bark that covers the stem is blue. One leaf, one flower, and a piece of its bark are al: that you need. Will you go and get them?" ''I will," readily answered Marcos. "From the mouth of the cave to the garden, you will meet many obstacles and dangers but you should not be afraid. Destroy everything that may hinder you. Take this package of root powder with you. A little of it in your mouth will make you very strong. Now go on and may all come out March, l!JJ6 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 49 BLACK CAVE as we hope for," concluded the old man. Marcos put the little package in his pocket a'nd after promising the old man that he would follow all of his instructions, he proceeded towards the black rock. Just behind the rock, Marcos saw an entrance« While it was broad daylight outside, the interior of the cave was as dark as a gloomy night. Marcos loved adventure and with his desire to help his mother he did not hesitate to enter the Black Cave. At first he could not see anything inside due perhaps to the intense darkness. He stood there, undecided which way to take. Soon he could make out the outline of things in the cave. Opposite him at a distance of about two hundred meters, he saw a tiny bright spot. He was sure it was the entrance to the garden. He started for that place but hardly had he moved a step when something struck him ... He fell down but he did not stand up for fear of another attack from an unseen foe. Soon he 'felt something licking his body. In a short time he was wet. Then he noticed that he was being swallowed and before he could do anything to save himself, he was inside the mouth of a huge snake. It was then that he remembered the root powder the old" man gave him. With much effort, he succeeded in pulling the package out of his pocket. He put it in his mouth and bit it. As soon as a part of the powder touched his tongue, he noticed a change in his strength. At once he grabbed the tongue of the snake, twisted it, and broke it. Then he tore the sides of its mouth and through that opening, he slipped out. The snake was dying but its tail was whirling in the air like the lash of a cowboy. A. moment later it fell down and Marcos knew that the snake was dead. He went on towards the light before him. After he had walked about fifty meters, something made a sound behind him. He looked back and as his eyes were now used to the darkness, he could see a tiger in the act of springing at him. Immediately he put a pinch of the powder in his mouth. The tiger leaped towards him but Marcos caught its forelegs and whirled the animal about his head. Then with all the strength left in him, he struck it against the rocky wall of the cave. The tiger shuddered and died. Marcos was now near the entrance to the garden. Just as he was about to pass through the openin.e:, a huge hand pulled him back. He turned around to see what it was and there sitting behind him was a horrible J!'iant. "You will make a fine sunner, my boy. It's many a day now that I have not tasted such a delicacy. I thank that stupid old man outside for sending you here," said the g"iant. The giant then pulled his knife and sharnened a stick Then he built a fire. While he was thus oeruni'Prl. l\lf~1·,.. .... c:o tnol, 'l mouthful of the powder and swallowed it. (PletU:e furn fo 'fl""" 6!l) 50 THE YOUNG c;ITIZEN ,l/arch, 19.'16 A Legend of the Rosal ,/ By L. V. R. ONCE, when the night was very dark, Mother Nature wandered over her meadows. She stooped over the starry clots of field flowers and sipped the new honey from their hearts. Then she lay clown on the soft, cool grass and gazed up at the stars. Like a million white jewels they twinkled clown at her, their bright eyes inviting her to slumberlancl. Mother Nature thought, "How beautiful the stars are! How bright and numerous they are!" She gazed up at the stars for a long while, envying the heavens their wealth of brightness. She then looked around at the flowers scattered about her land-tiny little flowers that were the stars of the earthancl smiled. She looked at the fragrant bloom of dainty sampaguitas, sniffed the heady sweetness of clama de noche which the wind brought her from a distance. Then a thought came to her. She stood up and stretched her arms to the stars. "I am going to create another flower," she said softly, "and I shall need your help. I shall need the help of the Wind. too, and the sun and the birds and bees. I want to create a flowe1· that will be as lovely as the stars, but sweeter and closer to the people of my earth." With these words, she bowed her head and thought for a while. The stars ove1·head, the Wind and even the slumbering birds heard her words. Even the dew fell softer and slower as they thought about llfother N atm·e's w01·ds. "We · must help he1-," they said to each other. "We must l\ll help he1· create another flower." The next nig·ht, IVIother N atme had leafy bowers of g1·een leaves ready. S!1e polished the small leaves till they shone with crispness, and she firmly set them up in their boughs. Then she once more made her appeal to the starn mid the Wind, the birds and the bees and the flew. to help her with the creation of a new kind of flower- a flower that would be as lovely as the stars. but sweeter :1 nd close1· to the touch of human hands. The stars, the wind. the birds and the bees, and even the softly falling- dew answe1·ed her CH II. The stars each shed off a silver tip. The wind caniecl it down to the ea1th. TJoe birds s".ng songs of welcome, while tl10 bees hmeed around with their gifts of honey. The sparklin11: silver tips ·melted into petals of softest velvet "'hen they fluttered (f'/,·11si· ;,,,·n lo /11'.fl<' (i8) Ma1·cl1, 1 !1J6 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 51 T~I: PLANTS AROUND US IN your garden at home or at school and along the roadside, you see many plants, some little and some big. Look at a camia or a zinnia plant. Touch the body and compare it with a rnsal or a gumamela. How do they differ? The camia and the zinnia have soft bodies. Such plants are called herbs. Can you name some more herbs? Herbs do not grow big. Why? The gumamela has a strong woody bodyand is bigger than the zinnia or camia, but not so big as a santol or a guava tree. Woody plants that are always small are called shrubs. San Francisco plants are shrubs. Look at the .. bodies of the rosal and santan. You will find that one plant has many trunks. Shrubs that have many trunks are called bushes. Can you name some more bushes? When you place a camia 01· a gumamela beside a santol, you can see the difference right away. Large woody plants like the mango, guava, and champaca are called trees. They are much stronger than herbs and shrubs. Name some more trees. Name some that are useful for their beautiful or fragrant flowers. Some plants are grown to screen windows or to cover gates and fences. The cadena de amor, morning glory, and yellow bells are among these, for they can· climb trellises. Such climbing plants are called vines. What vines have you over yoUl' porch? What vegetables grow on vines? Here is a list of plants. Separate them into groups under these headings: 1. Herbs. 2. Shrubs. 3. Trees. 4. Vines. a. mabolo j. santan b. ilang-ilang k. squash c. campanilla J. begonia d. sampaguita m. banana . e. cosmos n . gumamela f. black-eyed Susan o. banaba g. rosal p. bataw h. du hat q. paraiso i. makahiya r. mango s. papua INTERESTING INSECTS The l-loney Bee HA VE you ever tried to eat your oatmeal without sugar or your champumdo without sugar? How does it taste? When you come to think of all the different kinds of food you eat with sugar, perhaps you can say that you cannot get along without sugar. Man. makes his sugar from the sweet that plants keep in their roots, in their stalks, or under their bark. Where does the sugar cane store its sweet? But many plants put their sweetest juices into their flowers. The sweet liquid in flowers is called nectar. Not only boys and girls like sweet. Insects like sweet, too. The honey bee sips the nectar from flowe1·s ·and changes it into a very delicious syrup called honey. Would . you. like to know how the honey bee makes honey? Many hundreds of bees live together in their home called the beehive. The bees that gather nectar and do other work are called workers. A worker bee goes to a flower and crawls over the petals. It sticks out its long tongue into the flowercup to draw up the nectar. From its mouth the nectar passes into a place inside its body which is called the honey sac. Here the nectar is changed into thin honey. Upon reaching home, the worker puts the honey in a tiny room made of wax. This room is ca lied a cell. Here the thin honey is left open into the air until it ripens. When honey is ripe, it is thicker than when it was first put into the cell. We have just said that the cell is made of wax. Where does the wax come from? When wax is needed for the cells, the workers make it. They first eat as much honey as they can. Some workers.hang themselves from a wall in the hive. Others catch hold of the hind legs of those already hanging. After a while wax forms in little pockets which are on the under side of the bees' bodies. Other workers chew the wax to soften it. Then they build their six-sided cells with the soft wax. 52 THE YOUNG CITIZEN March, 1986 Chapter Twelve RURAL EXPERIENCES M . ONTHS followed one another in quick succession. When Tonio first went to live in the Del Valle mansion, the rice seedlings were still in the seedbeds. From day to day, Tonio watched with anticipation the gradual lengthening of the light green stalks which later changed into a darker hue. He noted when the heads began to bend with the increasing weight of tilling grains. He watched with amazement the green heads turning to golden. To him it was a miracle, a convincing evidence of the love of God for His children. Before he realized it, the harvesting season had come. The once standing yellow stalks were bundled and piled up in tall stalks. In a few months Tonio learned a THE ADVENTURES OF A BEGGAR BOY by Julio Cesar Pena great deal about the world around him. What he saw in the fields from the wmdows of the speeding car were to him more interesting than all the wonderful man-made things in the City. One Saturday, Tonio went with his friends to a farm. The farmers were celebrating their thanksgfving season in the native way. Scores of guests from tne banios and ·towns were served "suman" and guinatan. The "guinatan pinipig" with rich coconut milk, was so delic10us that Tonio could not help whispering to one of his companions. "Andres, what makes this so delicious? I have eaten guinatan many times but noth. ing tasted so good as this." "You must have used old pinipig that had been softened only with water and green coloring." Chewing a mouthful of the soaked pinipig slowly, Tonio remarked, "Yes, that must Mnrch, trJ.Uj THE YOUNG CITIZEN 51 be the reason. This pimpig really tastes different. How is it made?" ·•rt is newly ripened rice, the kind that is called rnalagkit. The grains are roasted just long enough to make the hull crisp. They are pounded in a mortar with the oldfashioned pestle, the workers keeping double time to prevent the grains from cooking. They are winnowed in big shallow baskets to remove the hull. They are pounded again until all the grains are flattened into mnipig. The pinipig is sprinkled with the iuice of banana or areca nut leaves to give it this green color which makes it the more tempting-'.' There was merry-making all about them. Some young people danced the "fandango" to the strumming of a single guitar. The older men cracked jokes and teased the voung·er ones. Everybody was happy and thonkful for the plentiful harvest. n,., th0 ir w"v Joome late in the afternoon. the bm•s p"ssed the smB 11 cemeterv in the "''t•kirt• of the town. Men were 3Jre3cJv rlapnv.,tlrin· t.hi:i. rrr::ivPS ~s jt '''fl.8 the eve of A, 11-C'!:':lil'lh::~' n'lv_ 'rhj':lv ~.tw)llpiJ ,ho11t rinrl vied with one 3nothe1· in tellino: the most gruesome g:host stories. It was long- after dark when the boys left the cemetery. At first they whistled and crooned in high spirits. As they approached a long narrow path completely shaded by the thick branches of mangoes and the bent heads of bamboos, they gradually fell into an oppressive silence. For sometime, nothing was heard but the heavy thump of the boys' feet broke.n by the cracking of breaking sticks. The boys, without knowing why. fell into a running oace. The:v had a vague feeling_ that they were beinl!' followed, but n<ibodv would clore look hD.ck. Tonio, his teeth chattering, began to say a prayer, which the others caught and joined. The biggest boy whispered, "As we say Amen we shall all turn about face." They did so and confronted the thing that had been following them. it was a herdsman driving ~ome a carabao that had gone astray. · As they struck the main road to the town they heard the distant strains of some bamboo instruments. "That reminds me," one of the boys said. . "we must prepare our midnight lunch. (l'lwsr f11rn In 1m!Jr 7.?) 54 I THE YOUNG CITIZEN March, 1996 falRDS IN THE Pl-HLIPPINES Tl-IE KINDS OF BIRDS THE Philippines is rich in birds. Being a tropical country, it has many forests and woods where birds can build their homes and live. In this country, there are no winters, no long cold season which kill the birds. Every day is a spring day. Even during the rainy season, the birds do not have to fly away to some other ~ountry, because the forests offer them protection from the heavy rains and the strong winds. Do you know that there are about nine hundred kinds of birds in the Philippines? Some of these are land birds; others are water birds, while still others are shore birds. Water birds are those who live in thP water. They build their homes there and their food consist of things that they co,n find" in the· water. The land birds are t.hose who live away frorr{ the water. They fly from tree to tree, eating fruits and in•.ects or animals. Shore birds can live on hnt.h land and water. '·-- 0.,~ tha•a n.ine hundred kinds of birds, there are those which are known as birds of nrev. These birds hunt animals and hirc!s which are weaker than thev :ire. Thev are the terror of the woods. Eagles and h•wks are well known examples of birds of prey. The song birds, on the other hand, are hest loved among the birds. Their melodious singing makes the forest ring .iovouslv. WhPn they are caught, their music deliirht little children. They are also among onr best friends, for. they eat insects that horm om· nl:ints and flowers. The fruit-eating birds form another <'roup. They may be beneficia.l or harmfnl. Thev eat fruits from the trees. They •Tso m•ke good pets, for most of them a~e nice to look at. We also speak of birds as beneficial, harmful, or neutral. The beneficial birds are those who help farmers, .gardeners and oth~l'•. 'l'hev eat up insects or other harmful animais like rats and snakes. They produce fertilizers which enrich the ground for planting. Their feathers and meat and even their nests are of great value to those who take the trouble to get them. Have you .ever heard of edible birds' nests? These are made into soup and sold for good prices afterwards. The harmful birds are those who destroy our plants and kill our chickens. The mayas or weaver birds, the crows, hawks and eagles are examples of this group. The mayas and the crows are enemies of .farmers. They feed on the grains and the fruit that are grown in the fields. The hawks ·. Hnd the eagles carry away chickens and use them for food. The neutral birds are those who neither do harm nor do good. They just exist without distinct characteristics which make them the friends or the enemies of man. A well-known example are the game birds, or the birds which are hunted for their food value. Around you, birds live and die. Some of them a1·e your friends. Others are your enemies. A great number are helpers whom vou do not recognize. When you see a bird sailing a,gainst the sky . or resting on a bou<'h. think of this great feathered brotherhood which inhabit your forests and woods -such a <'reat variety of them, nine hundred strong in all, each wearing a different color and built a different size from the other. (Next month: The biggest bird in the Philippines.) March, l!J.16 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 55 INTERESTING PLACES THE RUINS OF GUADALUPE By Francisco Carballo* With Illustrations by the Author (Cviiclude<l _from .'he ft'e/J>'l'ltl'.!J n11mber) DURING the Spanish regime, the convent served different purposes at different times. It was at once a monastery, a printing shop, an ecclesiastical library, then a college, and an orphanage, and at various times, a summer home for the members of the order. During the revolution of 1896, the Spanish cazadores, hard pressed by the Katipuneros, barricaded the church and convent and defied the forces of General Pio de! Pilar. The local revolutionists headed by Captain. Urbano Carballo laid siege to the detachment and after some desultory fighting with a few of the besiegers wounded, the Spanish commander surrendered the garrison to the Filipinos, together with one hundred fifty' guns and a few rounds of ammunition and some provisions. The Spanish commander also presented his sabre with a gilt handle to Captain Carballo. After entering the convent, the revolutionary captain came upon a gruesome sight. Scores of Spanish soldiers wounded at different battle engagements and sent to the Guadalupe convent for treatment were suffering due to lack of adequate medical attention. Some of them were in a dying condition and were huddled on the cold bare tile floors in the convent ground rooms. Some of the sisters of chal"ity who had fled from Mandaluyon with thefr girl wards and had taken refuge in the monastery were doing their best for the wounded soldiers but they were handicapped due to lack of proper medical supplies. The wounded soldiers, •Formerly Principal, Intramuro~ Intermediate School. the sisters, and their wards were taken in cascos to Manila for treatment and safety. The cazadores as prisoners of war were civilly treated and assigned for detention at the different revolutionary garrisons encamped outside-the city. During the Filipino-American war, Guadalupe became the center of military operations. The church and convent were taken and retaken by Filipino and American forces. The Americans under.General King made a final effort to ret_ake the village where the Filipino garrison was quartered in the convent, and with the aid of reinforcements from Santa Ana and elsewhere, the Filipino forces led by General Paciano Rizal with soldiers mostly from Laguna, and aided by some of General Del Pilar's men, made a stiff defense of Guadalupe. Due to the superiority of arms of the invaders, the rev( Please f111"1t to page 7.l) 56 THE YOUNG CITIZEN i.llarch, 19!J6 "C . UME into my garden." '1 his is an invitation which you am! l hope to give some day. 1'hmk 01 the pnde or saymg it. Thmk or what it can mean. lL means tnat we nave grown sometnmg that is our very own-a i10wer plant, pernaps, or a mce rnsc10us fruit. · lt. gives the picture of a little garden, well planted and we11 trimmed. lt means success with tiny seeds. "The Young Citizen" will help you build a garden that will grow slowly out sureiy. l!,very month, we snall invite a guest gardener who wul tell us how a plant is grown. 1f you have a little garden and have grown a very fine tomato or a pretty flower, write us and let us help the others, who may wish to grow the same plant. This month, our guest gardener comes from the Bureau of Agriculture. He will tell us how to grow celery-a salad crop. HOW TO RAISE CELERY The celery grows best in a place which is rather cool, like Baguio. It needs plenty of sunshine in the daytime, and coolness at night. • It is first planted in seed beds. The seeds are very small, so care should be taken that they are planted well in the seed beds or seed flats. Let them remain in the seed beds until the young plants have reached a height of 10 to 12 centimeters. When they have reached this height, they may be transplanted in the garden plot. The Air By J. C. P. YJU ni.ust have learned the different things we need in order to live. We need food but we can go without iood for a number of days and not die. We need water. We suffer if we do not drink w1tnin a who1e day. But there is somethmg wit11out which we cannot live even for a snorc tnne. 1t is air. Close your mourn ugmiy and press your nose so tl1at you cannot breatne. ::iee how long you can endure not breathing. A;- ocean of air is all around us. 'fhis ocean or an· is called atmospnei·e. Plants, an1ma1s, and man all need air. Without air, we shall l1ear no sound. The wond woUJd ue aosornteiy suent. Kain and wind and otner weatner conditions are tne resuits o! -~11e airs oenav.1or. ·111ese conanwns come aoout oecause or cenam cnaractensucs 01 tne air. Warm air 1s 11gmer tnan cold an'. ·rhere.fore, warm an· rises wnue co1a a11· seitits near the ground. Wind is produced when wai·m an· goes up ana cold an· remams near tne grounu. lr you 11ve near the sea you notice tnat there is a strong sea breeze at noon. lt 1s because the land is warmer tnan the sea. Another thing to remember about air is that it has the power to hold water. This ability of air to hold water brings about rain and dew. Be sure that your soil is fertile, moist, loose and friable. Plant the young celery in rows that are 30 centimeters apart. Have a space 0f 20 centimeters between the rows. About three months after planting in the garden, the celery is ready to be harvested. If your celery is of the American variety, you may whiten it in the sun for a little while. If it is the Chinese variety, it need not be blanched. 1l1r1rr:h, f!J,J(f THE YOUNG CITIZEN 57 Talking About Pets EDUCATING A PET DOG One good habit to teach a puppy while he is still young, is the habit of wiping his feel when he first comes in from the streets or from the yard. It is likely that he had been playing in wet puddles,. and if he is not taught to wipe his feet, he is going to get a chill. The trick of wipil)g the feet is easily taught and has two good uses. Beside~ preventing a chill, it keeps the house clean and tidy. Have you ever felt like running away? If you have, then you can understand why a clog wishes to run away when first it goes out for a walk. When he shows the tenD ID you know that clogs should be edu- dency to run away, he needs to be discicated? Not the "sit up," '!jump," plined. Perhaps showing him a piece of "kneel" sort of education, as most stick will be enough. If it is not, do not of you must suppose, but training which beat him, for beating is as bad for a little will make them healthy and happy pets. rloo: as it is for a little boy. Get a thin cord With p1·oper training, a pet dog can be both and fix one end in a slip-knot around your useful and agreeable. He can be both a lJet's neck. Tie the other end to your wrist. friend and a guard. When the dog runs away, a lesson will be The first step in the training of a puppy easily taught by the cord. The farther he ;s teaching him habits of cleanliness. Like runs away, the harder the cord will tie a11v child, a puppy should realize as early around his neck and hurt him. This pain as possible that he should be clean in order will make him remember that it is not wise to be healthy and happy. The pet owner ·to run away from those who love him. should be patient in this teaching of health Proper exercise is as important to a puphabits, but he should never allow them to PY as it is to a growing child. Keeping the be overlooked. It is not necessary to use dog indoors chained to a post is not very a stick on a puppy who forgets, but repeat- healthy. He should be allowed to run out of in<r the instruction again and again will be doors for a length of time daily. This will a great help. keep his muscles well exercised and strong. ~-=----~~~~~~~~~-=--~~~~_:__:__:_:_:::...:::.:.::....::.::..::::.'.:..: The Children's Fancy Dress Ball Philippine Carnival The Child1·en's F<incy Dress Ball was very successfully held last Feb. 23, at the Carnival Auditorium. Mrs. Jose Yulo was chairman of the committee in charge of it. Four groups of children presented pageants and dances during the Fancy Dress. Ball. The Filipino group presented "Cinderella at the Ball" which won a pl'ize for the most beautiful number. The Japanese group presented a Nipponese Dance. Sixty girls took part. This group won the prize for the most picturesque number of the program. The Spanish group showed "The Sleeping Beauty." This 'won a prize for the most elegant. The American group gave a tap dancing revue. It won a prize for the liveliest and most typical. The Chinese group showed a pageant portraying th~ coming of the Chinese to the Philippines. 'l'hi~ won the prize for the most origfoal number. THE YOUNG CITIZEN ;l/arch, 1936 Diligence HAV.·E.' you ever heard of Epifania .d.e las Santos? He was a famous F1h· pino writer and art collector. He loved and collected beautiful music, literature and painting. He was among the best art collectors of the world. Don Panyong, as he is better known, cultivated early in life a love of diligence. He h9.d a hatred of laziness. He thought that no matter how gifted a man might be, he could not become great if he did not study well and work well. He gave a good example of diligence in this little story of how he studied Spanish: When Don Panyong left the University of Santo Tomas where he graduated as a lawyer, he did not know Spanish very well. He could not speak the language as fluently as his frienrls so they made fun of him. He suffered very much for his ig-noranco One day, when he could no longer e.tand the jeerings of his friends. he made up his mind to learn Sna1,isli. He bought a dozen e-ood Spanish Povels and began to read. He kent on buying and reading books until his library grew. At the end of three years. his knowledge of Snanish was for bevon<l t'rnt of his friends. It was then his turn h laugh. He once said that young boys and girls should re well prepared for their future ,. 01·k in life. As a rule, they try to bluff tldr way through life, getting what they want by hook or bv crook. Many young people seem to think that knowledge is not "S imn01·tant as courage. This is not so, Don Panyong thot1ght, because without prope1· knowledge there will be no good results. Artists cannot turn out m~st0r­ . nieces without preparation. Success canr>ot be had withont dilio.;ence. and the sooner voung neonle find this out. the better it will be for them. · ~~~~~~~~~~ The- Most Beautiful Child of 1936 How would you like to be the most beautiful child of 1936? Little Edilberto Cuenc3 must have liked it very much. He must have taken ·plenty of good milk. fresh air ""d sunshine to become the most beautiful child of this year. Little Edilberto is only one year and a half old He is the son of District Emdneer and Mrs. Nicolas L. Cuenca of Vigan, Ilocos Sur. He came to the Fancy Dress hqlJ rh·esserl in a b1faht Juan de ht Cruz costume. When he was given the prize and told to shnrl near the .iudges. he raise(! his hands and_ ran vpry fast to the middle of the auditorium. Everybody was delighted. He seemed such a happy, active child. Ca1·men Rivera, daughter of Mr. anrl Mrs. Carlos Rivera of Manila, won the second prize. She is a very healthy little girl. She wore a pretty costume of white tulle. Pacita Go, "Little Curly Top," won the thiro prize in the most beautiful child contest Five children won the fourth prize: Violeta Nava of Dagupan, Pangasinan, Francisca P01'tes of Manila, Mariano Tiano . .Tr. of TPrlac, Aooracion Glorioso of Manila, anrl Rornoncito Lopez of Manila. (f'f,·o:,• l11n1 lo,,,,,. f'i,.fnri,rf f'".•lf" (nr Pi(·'11,···~.) llJan·h, J.<J.J6 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 59 AMONG TH::: BOY SCOUTS-· SCOUTING IN THE PHILIPPINES By Horacio Ochan~co' The Beginning----=-There is no exact data ~bout the first boy scout troop. Whether it was organized in the American-European y: M. C. A. at Manila or by an unknown Jesuit Father in Zamboangawhether it was organized at Boac. Marinduque by the Hon. Pedro del Mundo. is not clear. The first Troops appeared to have been organized in 191·1. Troop I, has a record of 12 years of r.egistered ::ervice during the period I 911 to 19 3 3 and is the oldest troop now in existence in the lslands. . The real pion~ers were rhos~ ~arly Scouters. Most of these Scourers, including all the members of rhe Office Staff of the present Headquarters, are stili pioneering to meet the grc'at challe~ge of providing a spare-time program of Character and Citizenship training for over 800.000 boys of Scout age in this Island. When Lord Robert Baden Powell, the Chief Scout of the World, visited the Philippines prior to the World War, there waS aroused in the hearts of the Philippine Youth conside1~ble '. int.erest in the Boy Scout movement. In 1923 the Boy .Work Corn-· rnictee of the Manila Rotary Club organized formally and enlisted .the American Legion to assist to finance the expense of a Boy Scout Headquarters. A Boy Scout Headquart'lr' (Philippine Counc1l) for th~ Philippines was establish~d and David T. Ritchie. a Warrant officer in the U. S. Army was employed as Acting Scout Executive during his spare timr. When Mr. Ritchie returned to the United St~aes Jt the end of his tour of duty, he was succeeded by Warrant Officer James Fitzpatrick. During those years, Major P. D. Carman, the first President of the Philippine Council and other Council S:outers W\?re very active in organizing troops of Boy S:outs in and around the city of Manila. Hon. Manuel Camus who is now our Scout Commissioner was the Scoutmaster of Troop 3, which was organized in the Central Student Y. M. C: A., at that time. He has served the movement faithfully and· actively ever since. Late in 1923, Major P. D.· Carman while on vacation in the United States coavinced the Na tional Executive· Board··thJi national cooperation wa<; necessary if the movement was to grow and prosper like it should. "' Man8.ger, Publicity Depal'tment, Boy Scout Headquarters, Manila. Accordingly, in January, 1 J24, Mr. F. S. M.Jciarlanc, a trained and experienced s~out Executiv~. was sent to the Philippine Isl.ands, and in 1926 while on IeavC-; brought back Messrs. Irving Wilts..: .md Joseph R. Greenan as Assistant Scou~ Execu· l~ves. Mr. Irving Wiltse, was alloted the field of _th! i:;land of Luzon with headquarters a[ Manila and Mr. Joseph R. Greenan was assigmd to th:! Visaya.1 Islands with headquarters at Cebu. Mr. f. S. Macfarlane was sent to Porto Rico to organize a Council there in the latter part of 1928. Mr. Irving Wiltse was forced to return to the United States early in 1929 due to a serious accident to Ivlrs. Wiltse.· He replace Mr. Macfarlane in Porto Rieu in January, 1930. Mr. Joseph R. Greenan trafisferred to San Antonio, Texas in July, 1929 after empioying Mr. Jose P. Caoili as Assistant Scout Executive in February after the departure of Mr. Irving Wiltse. Mr. Caoili served in this capacity until March. 1930 when he left the movement. All of these Executiws rendered faithful service as evidenced by the rapid growth of membership and standards during their terms of office. Past Presidents Major P. D. Carman. 1923-1927, Joseph H. Schmidt. 1928-9. Frank B. Ingersoll. 1930, .Arthur,F. Fischer. 1931-32, Major Vicent~ Lim, 193.2-1933, all rendered splendid service .to the cause of scouting during their respectiv~ administrations. They hclprd to solve progressively, many of "the problems confronting the future growth and development of the movement.-fram th: Annual Report of the Scout Executive. 1933. . (From now on. there will be published a seri;!S of questions taken from the 'Scoutmaster's Corre spondence Course,' for }'OU to tCst your knowledg: in Scouting.) The following are the first five qucs tions. Answer. them with True or False. Answl·rs will be published in the next issue of "Th·: Youn?, Citizen." QUIZZ 1-1. The fundamental aim of the Boy Scout MoVf~· ment is to provide boys ,.,,·ith S:outing Activities that will keep them out of mischief. 2. The Scoutmaster $ho11ld .delegate routine d..: tail to other officers instead of doing such forma! work himself. Li tb Edi.berto Cuenca, winner t'.lf the first prize in the DMHM Ideal Child Cri11test1 is only a little tallet' than the C':UP which he won. H"' is about a year and a half old. His parents are District E ngineer and Mrs. Nicolas L. Cuenca, of Vigan, Ilocos Sur. Pacita Go, daughter of Mr. and :Mrs. Egmidio Go of Manila an•l winner of the third prize, appeared as " Little Curly Top" in the Children's Fancy Dress Ba ll. With her is Joe Shaw, last year's mos t l eautiful child. The Most Beautiful Children of 1936-Proclaimed During thl' Children's Fanc-y Dw;s Ball. Philippine Carnival Here are the most i:ieautifol chiidren of 1936. The boy in the middle is .Joe Shaw, most l:'leautiful child of 1935, wh1> present~d the cup to this y"'nr'to prize ·winners. Little Edilberto Cuenca is hidden ty his CUJ>. C<lnnen Rh·ern, cia\1gh:er o~ ;\[r. and :\lrs. Cal'los RiYera of i\Ian~?a, won the second prize in the- cont<>~l. lu thi!> picture, she i:; dres.;.t-11 as an old-fa,-hioned bl'irle. THE YOUNG CITIZEN 61 MOVIE: PAGE: A REAL CHILO ACTRESS Tears and laughter will_ be your contribution to HA VE you seen the picrurc called "Bright Eyes"? If you have, then you have been introduced to one of the mo-.r promising child actresses of the screen, JJnc Withers. In that picture. Jane played the rok of a mean sdfish little girl. She was .u naughty as could be. She w.1s just the opposiu of sweet little Shirley. In spite of th.u role, movie producers saw in Jan~ a really gifted actress. They gave her a big role in "Ginger," the story of a poor :ittle girl who became che object of a social worker's interest. Jane showed what she can do. making the most of the delightful character of "Ginger." She laughed and cried, sang and played, was sweet and naughty at amusing incervals. As a result of her good work. she was rewarded with another starring role in "This Is the Life," one ·of the most cnrertaining pictures for chi! · dren that has been filmed this year. In "This Is the Life." Jane V./ithers reverses the old forrriula of from rags to riches. She goes from riches to rags to find true happiness. As a child per foqner who makes a success of herself for her guardians' benefit. Jane missed the real fun of childhood. Sh~ was lonely for real fri.,,.nds and real experiences. Her· lire was on? long rehearsal for performance.~ th;a~ would bring in the money_ for her guardians. At t1st, unable to bt'Jr rh~ srnngeness of her exiscen(e, J ane raa .1way .rnd went: around with a man who was unjustly accused of robbery. With thic; W;,tndering hobo. J ane "met with the joys of child_ hood. She lived the life of a ·normal child. She became just a happy girl who had found true affection. In the end. she was giwn the right to live ch~ life of the ordinary child. and she w.as able t1..> pl!!ad for her new friend. ··This Is the Lifr." when it shows in your neighborhood theatre. The singing and dancing, the gaiety and very fine acting of Jane Withers will endear you to this little nine ·y~.u-old who is considered among the best .:ictrcsS\'S of Hollywood. SHIRLEY TEMPLE'S LA TEST PICTURE If you have seen Shirley Temple in· "The Little Colonel," then y_ou will remember how beautiful she looked in old-fashioned clothes. In her new film, ··The Little~t Rebel" which comes to the Metropolitan Theatre on March 6, Shirley will we.a.r long pantallettes and crinoline again. Shidey will play the part of a pretty little girl during ch'· time of the American Civil War. She is going to sing old songs and dance old dance steps for us once more. She is going to laugh and cry to our delight. "The Littlest Rebel" tells ~he story of a once happy fami"iy who suffers because of war. The peaceful home of John Boles and Karen Morley (Shirley's · parents in the picture) is disturbed by the enemy. and Shirley loses her mother. Jack Holt ploi.ys the part of a gallant officer of chc opposite army who aids th.! father of Shirley in his escape. Throughout the pietun:, you will sec a more beautiful and bigger Shirley sing and. dance. You will pity her in her suffering. and you will be made happy when she laughs. Beau· tiful Southern scenes will be tht• sening of this new est and most delight(ul of the pictures made by Sh'.Jey Temple. 62 THE YOUNG CITIZEN March, 1986 For Your Cooking Games VACATION is here ,\gain-the time for pLr: .ind fun. You will put away your books once more. bring out the skipping rope and th::! dolls. But vou cJnnot play skipping rope an'J dolls ev;::ry day, espc-::ially if you are a big girl in the intermediate g;adc::s. You will need some games th<:c will show your parents and your brothers and sisters and friends whaf you have learned in the past year. You will need new cooking games. For th:: beMfit of thoJe girls-and even boyswho intend to spend lazy summer afternoons playing wilh i:ots and pans, we have a number of cook·· ing recip::s which are healthful and easy to preparerecipes which even your parents will enjoy. You do not have to cook rice and fish al ways-vegetables are more d~licious and easier to prepare. STRING BEANS String beans fit in very- well with games. Ask four mother to buy some for you and your friends when she goes to market--the amount you need wili depend on how many you are in the game. SitaUJ, habichuelas and other string beans are very good for chjldren and go well with rice. , Here is one way of preparing string means: The Balloon I am a red, red balloon. I sail above your heads. Far from the reach of your hands I float. The sun shines warmly about me, while the breeze play gently with me. I bob up and down, then I sail to the length of my st!ing, far, far above your heads. I see farther than you can see, for I rise high above the streets. high above the heads of people lined lor lhc parade. The sound of music comes clear in the distance, greeting me first: for I float so high. I can see the lovely ladies in the _beautiful floats. 1 can see the foolish monkey and the big-headed man I can see the tip of the nose of the small elephant which sits so still upon its legs of wood. I can see the ring of the queen as it glints in the sun. and the beads of fatigue that gather above her pretty moutt, I can see these things better than you can. You think you choose me. I choose you. l know whom I like, whom I would wish to own mi:. For I'm a pretty red balloon, and my home is the sun. I choose the little girls and boys who may hold me fOr a while. I feel So happy when a pretty littl-f girl with clean little hands pats my back. I feel so gay when a clean little boy with fingers well trimlned play ball with me. For clean hands do not hurt. short nails do not prick with points that leave me so weak. Clean_ boys and clean girls musr have homes that are clean and happy-a home in which I would love to stay. So when a little dirtyfingered boy with his hair in his eyes looks up at me with desire, I strain away. I try to hide, to b( away from the stare of his eager eyes. I can not 0feel happy with a boy whose nails are claws, whos1:: palms are beds for all the harmful things that are left by dirt. And when this little boy buys me, I strain· away. I long to be free from him. And if he holds me, pricking me with the ends of his darkened nails, I scream with a long blast of air, free at last leaving him with a length of string and a i:·ic~e',of shattered rubber in his hand. Wash the string beans and remove the "string," or the fiber which you will find if yQu break the tips of the bean. If the beans are not very long. you may wok them whole, but if you· want them shorter, you may c"ut them into three or four pieces each. Drop them into boiling salted water. Let them boil for about 25 minutes or more. A small piece of fat cut inro small pieces and cooked with the beafts will improve their flavor. Shrimps, salted , and .shelled, will make you1strin -beans more attractive. The Story of March BECAUSE of its howling winds and stormy he had his servant Alcctryon keep watch. Alecweather. the month of March was nam2d tryon was to warn Mars of the approach of Apollo. by the Romans after Mars, the God of War. One night the servant fell asleep and failed to call Mars was represented as a big giant with a frightful Mars at dawn. Apollo saw the lovers and told the face b~aring a spear in on~ hand and a shield in ocher gods about them. For failing in his duty. another. He it was who incited people to ·go to Mars changed Alectryon into a' cock that must al· war. Many storie6 .have been told about Mars. ;tory tells why the cock crows at dawn. It thus: runs M.:irs and Venus loved each other.- Wishing tn keep their love a secret they met only at night. Thev did not want Apollo the Sun God to see them. so ways crow before sunrise. Another story tells how a son of Ma"rs founded the glorious city of Rome which became a powerful empire" The Romans believed that they werl.' l'nder the special protection of the God of War. They thought that he himself led them into bact!I.' and gave them victory. March, J.9,J6 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 63 HOB BY PAGE Condc<ted by gilmo baldovino The Dancing Dick THIS funny little fellow, Dan~ing Dick, is easily and quickly made 1f you follow the instructions given below. It can be m:icle to dance. If you make two such toys, they can be made to stage a boxing match. Get a co1·k for the body and a bead for the head (Figure 1). Make a small spring by winding very thin wire around a nail, as shown in Figure 2. Then fix the head to the body. Push one end of the spring you made into the bead. Put the othe1· end into the body as in figure 3. Now, make four more springs for the arms and legs. To one end of each of the springs place a piece of sealing wax or pieces from a candle stick to form the hands and feet, as in Figure 4. You can easily rnften the \\"aX or wax-candle by placing it in hot water. After you have put the wax on each encl of the springs, push the arms and legs into the body with the point of a pencil as in Figure 5. Then paint lhe head by drawing a funny mouth, a nose and eyes. The hair may be painted also. If you wish, you may make a small paper cap or hat and glue it on the little fellow's head. Q \'.lead flG.I Cork l:>ead 1, rr1n'1 ~t" \\ \i_i _ \~co,k flG.3 Finan,·. fix him on the end of a thin stick as shown in figure 6. By moving the stick un and down, back and forth. left and right, you will have great fun with your Dancing Dick. 64 THE 7NG CITIZEN March, 19-'16 Aunt Julia's True Stories Philippine Fresh Water Fishes The Mudfish or Dalag THE most important true fresh-water fishes arc mudfish or dalug. climbing perch or martinico, and the catfish or hito. and kanduli. The dalag is the most highly prized of che freshwater fishes. It is well known-as it is found throughout the Philippines. It is very much liked by people in Central Luzon, but it is not eaten by many Visayans and Bicolanos. It is not so popular because of its dark gray color and because of the fact that it is found even in ponds and mudholes. But its flesh has a fine flavor if the fish is thorough I y cleaned and well prepared. Ask your mother ho\\' she dresses the dalag. Does she simply remove th~ scales? How is the skin whitened? It is generally believed that two broad scales under the fins, when not removed, give a strong fishy smell to the cooked dalag. Find out if this is true.. You obtain dalag from the market strictly fresh. When your mother buys a dafag. what does the seller do before the fish is handed to your mother? Dalag boiled in water with ginger and white squash. p:xhay, or upo makes' a ·.Very popular dish among the Tagalogs and Pampangos. It is eaten with tomato sauce mixed with a kind of soya bean cake called mis6. Ha Ve you tried it? Dalaq is different from other fishes in chat it does not breathe by the gills alone. Do you notice a cavity or hollow space in its head? The fish goes to the surface of the water for air. It is taken into the cavity. Dalag are very hardy: that is, they can live under unfavorable conditions. Sometimes they travel through wet grassy or muddy ground until they reach ponds and flooded rice fields. The widespread belief thlt they are buried under sun-baked mud is not ·true. How· is dalag caught in your locality? The Climbing Perch or Martinico The martinico has become famous because of it;; ability to live out of the water. to move about on the land. and even to climb.the rough trunk of ccr· tain palms. The flesh is good, but the fish is small and has many hard hones It therefore does not command a good prici.>. Like the dafog. the climbing perch -cakes in air through the cavity in the head and through the gills. It can live even. in semi-liquid mud. It is said that it can stay out of water as long as six days if kert in a moist earthen jar. The Catfishes Hito is a catfish that lives only in fresh water. Why do you think it is c<1lled catfish? It is not very popular because of its slimy skin. It has to be thoroughly cleaned and carefully prepared. The kandufi is another catfish. It is found in both fresh and salt W<!-tcr. Many people have a ~crong dislike for kanduli. Find , out why·. In many places far from the sea, h_owever. these .freshwater fishes are the only fish that can be obtained fresh. ·· LEARNING THE USE OF NEW WORDS Find- out if you rcmcmbl'r the words you learn rd last month by supplying the names of the object~ in this story. Every night. m~' sister t<ik~s a warm bath. She wr<Hs a fresh night gown which she gets from her - - - - . Then she sits before her----. She looks <tt herself in the -----. She passes a - - - -·- through her hair. She uses a --- - - - i"tterwJrds. \\Tith .1 ------she powders her face. She files her nails with a - ---·. While filing her nails, she notkes that her hair falls over her eyes. So she gets a -· and clean<; her hair for a while. then she braids it and puts it up with the help of a - - - - and a----. After chis. she gzts a book from her - - - - and reads for an hour. She cakes care that the light from the clectnc - - - - passes her left shoulder. The pink - - - - of her lamp softens the light. At ten o'clock. she goes to bed. March, 193fi THE YOUNG CITIZEN HEALTH SECTION The Magic of Sleep By Miss DOLORES TENSUAN * Do you know that there is a certain magician who helps much in giving you strength, growth, and beauty and in making you more active, alert and cheerful? Well. that magician is sleep. No doubt, you wonder how sleep does all these. Furthermore, sleep makes a child more cheerful and more beautifu! .. A child who lacks sleep is usually thin. pale and cross, whereas one who gets the proper amount of ~leep is healthy, rosy, and cheerful. You see that sleep is indeed a magician. To have the full benefit· of sleep 65 St:range Facl:s China's first railroad was built in 1876. It cqnnected Shanghai and \\Tusung. But there were sevtral riots because of age-old superstitions that the government put a stop to the operation. They torr up the rails and ran the engines into the river. More than 160,000,000,000 cigarettes are smoked each year. Have you ever experienced sitting up late at night? Of course, you all have. When you come to class in the morning. you feel very weak. tired, cross and inattentive. No matter how hard you try to keep your eyes wide open and to understand your teacher's explanations, you can't help but sleep. It is b.:cause your tired muscles and your tired brain need rest. They are too weary to work, so· you must ,rest them. and that can be done by sleep. ing. you must observe these rule's: There is a law in Indiana which l. Have a regular bed time. h- prohibits cigarette smoking. Do you notice how little babies sleep and how fast they grow? Sleep, more than anything ehc, helps children grow. Some say that the only time you grow is while you sleep. Children need to grow fast, that is why you need mon: sleep than grown-ups. A baby is like a machine, say, an automobile. It wears out with constant use, but it is better than the machine because it can repair itself . md be as good as evt:r if it has a Lhance for sleep, fresh air, and nourishing food. The most important. however. is sleep. It makes no difference how much water you drink ur how much nourishing ·food you C'at, but you will not be able to work and grow unless you get plenty of sleep. Not only does sleep ::;how in your health and the growth of your body but it also shows in your school work and in your habits of mind. A child who has sufficient amount of sleep is more active and attentive in both studfrs and play than one who lacks sleep. order to get at least ten hours of sleep eve~y night. you must go to bed at eight o'clock. Don't be late . 2. Wash your face, neck, hands. and feet or take a sponge bath or a quick shower. 3. Change the clothes you ·have worn during the day. 4. Brush your teeth and hair. 5. Open the windows. 6. Use enough covering to keep warm but do not sleep with your head under the covers. 7. Use a mosquito net. 8. Go to sleep promptly. It i.~ not good to think about things after you go to bed. Think only of how sleepy you are as soon as you lie down. •Teacher, Washington Elementar.Y School. A modern machine for making cigarettes can produce more than 1,200 a min.ate, while a handworker can make only five a minute. The oldest newspaper in th~ world is the Peking News. It is 1400 years old already. It began publication 950 years before printing from movable type was invented in Europe. Tibet has only one newspaper. It is a monthly. It was found that Jews do not have the longest noses. Surgeons report that the Arffienians and the tall English have longer noses. In China, there is a very s.acrcd cnstom of politeness 'between ~ hos:. Jnd a guest. If the host invites his guest to enter first, the guest is supposed to refuse the invitation. And if the guest enters first, the host will be insulted. Thus, after the little ceremony of invitation and refusal. the host and his gu~st enter togrther. In Java, a person of a higher class pays the lower class a high compliment if he offers one of them his half-chewed betel. In Turkey, all beauty prize winr.ers are forbidden from teaching school. 66 THE YOUNG CITIZEN ,,l[arch, 19J6 Have you ever heard the slory of Captain Kidd:' Captain Kidd was a mighty pirate of the sea. He was feared by many people of his time. Today, little people love to read about his daring adventures. Here is a picture of a boy. He is trying to imitate Captain Kidd. thr pirate. 1 am sure you will havl! great pleasure in coloring it. DRAWING LESSONS FOR LITTLE I ARTISTS March, J.9.16 Dear Aui1t Alma, The article about the boy scouts interested me very much. What J lot of fun the boys must have had when they went to the United Slates. I would like to learn their yells and their cheers. I intend to be a boy scout and go places, too. I am a Cub of Pack Numbe; Two, Den Three. I also learn to cheer and yell. Every Saturday. we have a meeting at the Young Men's Christian Association. Our Den Chief is Ramon de la Rosa. Our Cub Master is Mr. Jose Trinid.id. I am glad you published an. article about the Cubs. It was very interesting. Sincerely yours, Dear Jose. Jose Ma. Cristobal Sta. !vlesa Elem. School Grade IV-A I am pleased to find out that you enjoyed our article on the cubs. I hope you found something useful in the article mentioned. \Vhy don'i ~1ou ask the other Cubs of your den to.look over the article? Then yo~ can discuss it afterwards in one 0f ~tour meetings. \V ritr lo us agair. c,bout your experiences in your Den. I am sure other children will en;oy them. . Aunt Alma Dear. Aunt Alma. How would you like to know about the arrival of Hon. Jose E. Romero in our place last January twenty-sixth~ We had preparrd for liis coming. The cannons were fired when he .urived. We decorated the school. and we had a parade. After the parade. we went to the monu THE YOUNG CITIZEN ment of Rizal where a program was bcld. After this, there was a banquet. Speaker Gil Montilla, exSpeaker Manuel Roxas and Pres. Manuel Quezon spoke through the radio. I hope you will be inter~sted in reading my letter. Sincerely yours, Pilar Samson Tanjay, Negros Oriental Dear Pilar, Of course was int'erested btJ i.,our letter. The welcome you gave Hon. Jos2 Romero must have been v::ry enjoyable. Were you with th(! pc1 rpde and did you take part in tht' program? I am glad to find out that your school participated with i:uch civic spirit. Aunt Alma I Dear Aunt Alma, I have reaQ much a.bout other ~chools and other children in The Young Citizen. I believe other children will be interested to know something abOut the Santa Mesa Elementary School. Our main building is on Puren Street, Santa Mesa. This two-story building has a wide hall and ten very big rooms. Each room can a.:commodate a hundred pupils, so you can just imagine what a hard tim.! we have trying to keep our room ckan. I am proud to say that our floor is so shiny that we can sec our faces on them. There ls a white fountain in thL' front yard of our school. l_t is great fun to watch the pretty gold fish ;,nd the yellow water lilies in ii There is a flower garden around it, too. \\'e have tall palm trees and wide grass l.:twns. The whole school (l'fefl.~r turn lo page 7.?) 67 YOUNG WRITERS MY GUAVA TREE There is a little guava tree That grows beside my kitchen door. It stands alone, upright and free, The sky its roof, the e_arth its floor. full many a day when school is done, ,.l\nd out the window I would look. The birds are there though fruits are gone, Just like the picture in a book. Manuela de Gui a. VIl-B THE GIRL I MET l met a little girl. Chasing a dragon fly, 1 told her not to try. For she can't be so spry. At last. she came to a little brook, And down she fell, And that was the punishment Of such a cruel girl. Loreto G. Yee IV-A• THE FISH AND THE BIRD High. high, on the tree top A little birdie sings; Down deeP in the blue· sea The Angel fish swims. II A fish in the sea, A bird on the tree. Make a home and a life, Sweet as sweet could be. Ill \Vith a hook and a line That I have in my mind The little fish and the bird Will soon br mine. By Praxedes B. T upas 68 TV BREAD AND CHEESE Bq Doris and George Hauman Here is a jolly fairy tale for even the smallest children. It tells in a gay, sprightly manner the story of Buttercup, a yellow cow, and Dai~y. a little white lamb, who lived in a big blue barn under a smooth green hill. Life was very serene for them. They munched grass on the green hillside, lay under the·crooked apple tree, and produced milk for Two Happy Children. But Buttercup, being as near a fairy cow as any cow Could be, ha<l to obey thE' wishes of a Little Oki Woman who ,lived on the other sid~ of the hill. This Little Old Worn-. an loved bread and cheese. Once Buttercup forgot, and a dreadful thing happened! Thr book is attractively illustra,;fd. The Haumans, pJrents as weiJ <1S ar.tists, seem to know just how lo catch that irresistible humor which belongs in books of this happy age of childhood. THE CHILDREN'S SECRET (Continued from page 47) her on the side. -Irma got up and went in. The other two followed. A long conference was held. Then they went to th1>ir aunt. "Tia lbano. here is the money. Two-fifty in alt." Irma olaced th<! nile of c-entavos on the table. ••Hav.z ft n1ac1>d in a beautiful box." On Sunday the children s;i:ot un V<'rv f'arlv. Thev entered their rnothrr' s room on tiotoe. Thev ~wooned upon her on the bed and kissed her on the face and on the h:iir. After o1acins;i: a box on Mothn'" hn. they sang, "Happy birthday to you! THE YOUNG CITIZEN THE LOST MERRY-GOROUND Bl/ Dorothy Lathrop All children who love merry-gorounds and the other fun-machines of childhood will find "The Lost Merry-Go-Round" a new ~nd fas- . cinJting adventure into the world of imagination. The book con· tains a delightful collection of animal adventures which centers around the discovery of a grass-grown, rnsty merry-go-round in FJittermouse Wood by children who were looking for a lost ball. While the children were playing with it, faint music was heard, and the merrygo-round began to· move.' And J.s each child clings to his chosen animal, the adventure stories are told-1 of Denny on the big dog; of Jim on the dragon which flies over the sea to Cockle Shell Island; of Peter en the bear; Rosemary Qn the Deerl which go deeper into the woods, and so on. · The book has many interesting illustrations by the author. Pictures 1 in color and in black and white will,! delight the children. !, L V. R:' Happy birthday .to you. Happy birthday. dear Mother. Happy birthday to you." "That is our secret, Mother." Frida declared proudly. "We got all the money in our bank," Ernie explained. "Thank you, my darlings. This is a very pleasant surprise." She drew them a11 to her breast. "Open the box now, Mother. and see if you like our gift." Irma 1;uggested. ....., Mother carefully untied the goldrn ribbon and removed the pretty wrapper. Pressing the cardboard box. she asked. "Is it a little book?" "No!" shouted Frida. "Ts it a birthday cake?" March, 1936 - LEGEND OF THE ROSAL (Continued from p<;r,ge 50) close to Mother Nature. She formed them into pretty sets of petals and laid them upon the bowers of gfeen which she had prepared. The Wind gathered the fragrances o( the nigh{ and breathed them upon the newly-formed flowers which shone like soft stars in the evening darkness. The next morning, the sun, peep· ing out of its mountain bed, spied the starry flowers. Touching them with his rays. he gave them lovely hearts of gold....:...._his gift to Mother Nature's new creation. The bees and the butterflies hovered around the flowers, humming and buzzing with joy at the pretty sight. This happened a long time ago. Today, when you go into your garderl., do · you ever notice the Iov:ely flowers that glow so white and sweet among their leaves of datk green? Perhaps you caII them the Rosal. but once upon a time. the velvet white petals that you touch and admire were the silv·:?r tips of stars. "Oh, No. A cake is soon finished," Irma reminded her. "Is it a box of powder?" "Powder is soon used up." Ernie said. "Well. dears, yours is a real se· cret and I am a poor guesser." Lifting the lid. Mother saw a pretty, brown handbag. She op.ened _ it and found sixteen· centavos in a t~nv purse inside. "This is what I call useful and lastine." she Cfec1ared. holdin'2; un the handbaS!:. "But what does the monev mean?" "SixtPPn stands for the date of vour birth." Irma ('Xolained. "The monev calso serves as a bait to attrcact more monev. It means vou ·will never find vour bag empty." "I see! Mv children know somethin<;? their mother does not know. I like the gift and I love the givers." The children were happy. They wHe also very proud because thev could keep a secret. March, 1936 MARCOS IN THE BLACK . (Continued from 1J0,ge 49) The giant examined the pointed end of the stick and with a snap of his tongue, stood up to get Mar~ cos. The latter was prepared. He seized the giant's wrist and pulled it hard with a jerk. It broke. The giant was mad. He tri~d to seize Marcos with his left hand but that. too, broke. He lifted his right foot to crush Marcos, but before it land· ed. the latter had already twisted it and it fell back useless. He seized the giant's left foot and pulled· it hard. - The giant fell down. His head hit a big rock and he died shortly after. WithOut a moment's delay. Mar· cos ran towards the entrance to the garden. Great was his disappoint· ment when he discovered that all plants in the garden had the same color. Where was the plant with red leaves, white flowers. and blue bark which the old man told him about? He sat down and cried. "Why are yoU s.o sad?" asked a high.pitched but sweet voice above him. . Marcos looked up. On the branch of a tree sat a bird with beautiful plumage. - Its tail was white. The feathers that covered its body were red. Its legs were blue. "Why are you so sad, my boy?" the bird repeated its question. 'Tm looking for the tree with red leaves, white flowers, and blue bark. An old man told me it is here but no such plant grows in this garden," Marcos replied. "I believe you are a good bov. Nobody comes to this place unless he is good and unless he is a friend of the old man you nave just men· tioned. The tree you are looking for is in this garden but .YOU can· not see it because it is a magic tree. I am the gardener here and I allow only good people to see it or mak~ use of its charm to cure diseases or destroy evil. Now watch this tree while I sing a s~ng." said the bird. As the bird sang. the tree on which it sat began to change color. The leaves gradually turned red. The bark which was brown wa8 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 69 red and the bark. sky blue. Then -.. out of the leaves sprang white flow· ers. VACATION DAYS (Continued fl·om page 45) may go to picnics; we may see the movies; we may fly kites; we may go to· the farm; and we may do many other things that we would like to do. "Take what you want, my good boy," said the bird. Marcqs plucked a leaf and a flow· er. He also broke a piece of the bark. Then he thanked the bird ;ind ran as fast as his legs couid carry him towards the entrance. As soon as he was out of the cave, he went directly to the place where he met the old man. The latter ~as not there any moi.-e. In his stead was a handsome young prince leaning on a magnificent white horse. Another horse was near him. "Can you tell me where the old man is?" Marcos asked the prin:::e. ''He was· here when· I left for the cave "I am he. A few months ago, a giant stole me from my .father's palace. He brought me here and changed me to an old man. You killed the wicked giant a. short time ago. His death broke the spell and now I have regained my former self. I thank you very much for helping me. Now I'm going back to my father's palace which is on the ~ther side of this forest,;, the prince ex· plained. "Before I go," . went on the prince, "let me give you this horse as a s0uvcnir. ·You will find him very useful. Tied to the saddle of the horse, is a bag of gold coins. That is yours also. Don't worry about your mother for she is w1?1l now. She is waiting for you. You had better go. Good-bye." They took opposite directions. When Marcos reached home, hi3 mother was at the door. She had no idea, at first, that it was Marcos who came on horseback. Marcos alighted and then beckoned his mother to go to him. "Mother," he said, "please help me carry this bag to the house." In the room, they opened the bag: and poured its contents on the m:it. The glittering gold coihs dazzled their eyes. "Where did you get all of these. Marcos?" asked the astonished b. We must work to help our folks at home. Of course. during the long summer vacation we should I!Ot play all the time. We can help cur mother, father, 'brothers and sisters daily. Perhap~ .the girls can give mother some vacation .. During vacation they can let mother rest. they can do .all the work in the home--cook, sew, wash, and tidy the house and the yard. The boys can help the father in his workin the farm, in the stores. They. t<.., can give father a vacation. c. We must work to earn some money. Perhaps during vaca· tion we m3y be able to get some job to earn some money to buy what we need for the next school year-books, papers. pencils, etc. We can sell newspapci;:s and maga ;, ines, flowers. vegetables. candies; we can shine shoes; we can drive, we can do errands, and many other things which will bring us som~ money for the next school year. d. We must continue to study. Vacation should not make us stop studying. \Ve may stop reading our schoo! books but there are many things that we can study which arc 1~ot fqund in Our school books-birds, flowers, trees. insects, and many other things. We can read newspapers, magazines and stories for our recreation irl. the evenings. During school days let us study well our lessons so that we may nor be delayed in our school progress. During vacation we must play, we must work to help our folks and earn some money, and we must con· tinue to study. Dr. I. PANLASIGUI and when he was through. the mother said, ·'Yes. it was only about an hour ago that I regained my strength. Now, Marcos, my good boy. we shall be happy as long as we live." Marcos kissed his mother on the becoming blue in color. At the end mother. forehead and ran downstairs to tah of the song. the leaves became dark Marcos related the whole stoq• care of his magnificent horse. 70 THE YOUNG CITIZEN I-low Places Where Named . (Old Legends) How Cebu Got Its Name to give away his sampaloc fruits if There is a story that Cebu was only he could have a child. named Cebu due to a Chinese ven- It seemed that God heard th('i March, 1936 -Scou~ l-lermoso Saves Drowning Boy Hero Belongs to Tribe 14 The timely "Good Turn" rendor residing in Cebu before the prayer so that within a few months clered by Scout Luciano Hermosa Spaniards came. Jacoba felt some change in her. In last February 17 is worth relating. It was said that the Chinese used a few more months, she gave birth At about three o'cIOck in the afto shout "Se-bu" meaning the fat to.a beautiful gi~l. They were wild of the cow. It so happened that the with joy and loved the child so Chinese shouted "se-bu" where th~ much that they would not even let Spanish fleet came to anchor. The a gust of wind touch her delicate features. ternoon of Feb. I 7, Scout Hermosa planned to go swimming in the river· near his school. tfe was with other Scouts .ind several classmates. Before they bathed, they noticed an Spaniards not knowing the name of the place, thought that what they heard was the name. When the King of Spain asked what new place in the Philippines they haw discovered, they answered "Cebu'· changing the spelling of the origin~d word, because they just spelled it according to what they heard not knowing what the real spelling ,was. From that time on until now tlic place is called Cebu. Years. passed and famine swept eleven-year-old boy going back and their barrio. The only tree bearing forth on the bank with his sprinkfruits was Bruno's sampaloc tree. His selfishness came back and he beler, fetching some water for his garden. At once Scout Hermoso sensed ~.an selling his fruits at exhorbitant the danger.· He was right, for soon prices. An old man asked him for there was a splash. This lad, Jose a fruit one day. He was so angr)' C. Nicolas. Jr., had fallen into the that he killed the ~Id m~n. Imme- river. There was a commotion. Bediately water rushed and flooded for anyone could shout for help. the barrio. Thus Sampaloc Lake began. however, the hero appeared. Scout Hermoso, attracted by the noise, Isabel V. Chipongu rushed and plunged into the stream Maria Cabaritan How Ma,r;antol Got Its Name The Origin of Sampaloc Lake During the Spanish regime, Ma· In the place where Sampaloc santol. was entirely covered with Lake now lies, there was once a many trees. This place was densely populated. There was only a prosperous barrio with several bun- couple living in this lonely place. dred people. In that barrio was a. childless couple whose names were One day, a Spaniard happened to meet the old woman. The old Bruno and Jacoba. Now, this coupie had a Sampaloc tree who!i,e fruits were famous for sweetness. Bruno being so selfish, would not give any of the fruits away without any payment. woman tried to run as fast as sh!! could. thinking that the Spaniard would do her harm. Later on, she found out that the Spaniard wanted cnly to know the name of that place. She cried ··Masantol. Masan· tol" pointing to the big santol trees Bruno and Jacoba were very un- surrounding their house. happy because God had not given lhem a child. They really wanted Hence, since that time. that place a child, so they went to Ubandu was called Masantol meaning "mato pray there. In Bruno's anguish. ny santol fruits." bis tongue slipped, and he promised EMcla H. Isip without taking off his clothes. H~ !>natched the boy and dragged him safely toward the bank:. Little Jo~;.! was extremely pale and cold. The other Scouts had to rub him to reslore his color and body temperai-ure. A sure death wquld have been met by this boy were it not for the timely arrival of the Hero Scout. The water was <l:eep, and the boy did not know how to swim. Upon hearing the story, the father of the boy wrote a letter of gratitude thanking the Scout for his preparedne"ss. He also thanked the organization for its teachings Jbout service to the community. Scout Luciano Hermosa belongs to Tribe 14. Leaders and sponsor'> are now working to recommend him for the Life Saving Award, which be descrws. ilforch, 1!J.1fJ THE YOUNG CITIZEN Our Monthly Cross-Word Puzzle Prepared by George Fletcher VERTICAL l. Ensnare i. To combine with air. 3. One of United States of America (abbrev.) 4. Lieutenant (abbrev.) 5 .. Snake-like fishes 6. Agreement with reality. 7. A very young person. 8. Animal's skin 9. Preposition IO. New Hampshire (abbrev.) 11. Man's name 12. A commission 17. Peruse 20. Worthy of notiCl' 22. Confines or fetters 26. Local situation (abbrev.) 12. Scenes or fields of combats ) 1. To cut or divide into two parts '4- Mast 16. To sec or observe 17. Eras 39. A game played by two persons on checkered board 40. Groups of uncivilized people under om chief 43. A suit or action of law 44. Swimming sea bird resembling a gull ~O. Sun god 51. Oliver Twist (abbrev.) 5 3. Bone 54. Oxford Uniwrsity (abbrev. ·1 HORIZONTAL 28. Allow I. A young e.1glc 79. Philippine National LeaguL" 7. Alter 71 -n. More tidy 14. Here 15. Train (abbrev.) 16. Pale 18. Conjunctive 19. Hast.:ncd 21. A tablet of stone used by Greeks 22. Parents. relatives. associates (abbrev.) 23. On top 25. Owned 26. Symbol. token. or mark 2 7. Part of a flower 29. Longed for, yearned 30. Measure of Land 31. Against 32. Male head of an Abbey 35. Girl's name 38. A smali spring 39. Captain (abbrev.) 41. St. Nicholas on Parade (abbrev.) 42. Point of the compass 4 3. Map used by mariners 45. Santo (abbrev.) 46. New England (abbrev.) 47. Eagle's nest 48. International custom (abbrev.) 4 9. From side to side 52. On ornamental dress-clasp 55. Narrates 56. Succ~eds -~- ------~----ANSWER TO THE LAST MONTH'S CROSS-WORD PUZZLE 72 THE YOUNG CITIZEN March, 1936 Kiko' s Adventures--What Price Promotion. by gilmo baldoviM .\/11n:h, /!l.J{; THE YOUNG CITIZEN A Faithful Dog Words and Musich!} Grade VI-A Pupils Nasugbu l:.lemenlary :>chool, Batangas A feilh-ful do~ an olJ m•n H'e. war .RJ .raO he could no~ had. c.-a~. r ;J I~ But one. eold dar\t. day Iha. old mon die.d, And Bur -ter w .. r ac. on - ly could w.alch fi,. ,...,..,_ ~er" qrave, Un~il- ~;\ .al d. - \one. 'co 1rieve he. d ;..,J of ~ro.{. THE RUINS OF GUADALUPE (Continue,/ from page 55) olutionic;t> were repulsed. On February !9, 1899. General King ordered the church and convent set on fire together w.ith all the houses in the village. Some Americans justified the burning as a military necessity and to pun"ish the barrio for irs obstinate resistance. Many thinking people, however, Americans and Filipinos alike. believe that at least the beautiful church as a place of Christian worship, should hav~ been spared. In. the fire. the magnificent altar, priceless images. among which was that of the Virgin of Guadalupe. valuable paraphernalia. and silver utensils for church service were totally destroyed. Only the hardwood image of San Nicolas was salvaged by one of General Paclano"s PEN AND PENCIL (Cc'ltfinue.d from page 67) ground is surrounded by a gum a· mela hedge which supply. us. with plenty of red flo.wers everyday. Out side the fence are oprn fields and green trees. Next tirrle .. I will .try to send you a picture of our school. Sincerely yours, Julia San Jose Grade IV-A Yo:i hau'.} des-:ribed your school w W'.!ll that a p:.cture 'is almost u11nf!ccssary. I belieu2 other children in othf!r schoo~s will have a. uery clear idea of th'! hind of school 6uilding yo:.i studr,; in. Not all o:· them are as lucky as _you are. From your ·description. l gathered that t;ou love your school and will do much to keep it beautif.u/. l will men who were reconnoitering th;: appnx'.ate any picture you may send place after the Americans had n.•- vs. treated to Makati. The image was Aunr Almt.1 in the stone-vaulted mortuary chamber behind the sacristy and it was not touched by the fire, That same image is now housed in the small chapel of the town. Luck; Saint Nicholas! cecded in taking to the City some of Guadah~pe's sonorous bells where they must have been melted for thei.r valuable copper. Of the several church bells only two have THE ADVENTURES OF (Conttm1ed fr.,m ptUlt? b3 J Anyway we shall not be abJe to sleep tonight. with the wandering souls chanting their way through the town." "I can get for you my grandfather's fighting cock ... anOther Offered. "It is tied in a corner of the kitchen behind a low table." "Oh. No, No." Tonio· cut in: "I have so1m" savings. My Lola said I could spend it for anything. It will be en6ugh for a big hen and some loaves of bread." w·ith the help of their Ka Jose's father, the boys succeeded in pre· paring a decent midnight lunch. Meanwhife the other boys lurhd in the deep shadows- of the trees and glided stealthily from :backyard to backyard in the hope of finding chickens in their ordinary roosts. In spite of the precautiOns i:he owners had taken in-lo::king up their chickens. there were.some wavward ones that rewarded the vigilance of the night prowlers. (To be continued) Chinese junkman carting two bells to Manila. and recognizing the bells as those froni the ruins. he ·ordered After the fire,. marauders and been sav;:d and are in active use- the -Celestial· to return the stolen souvenir hunters had a free hand. one at the Makati church, and the belle;. Th:! junkman refused, ·and Chinese junkmen from Manila got other. at th:? Guadalupe chapel. As to scare him away, the man dt'ew ' every iron scrap they could lay their the village was pr.:ictically desert..!d his bolo. The rascal. fearin~ for hands on. They pried up from the at that time. the j.unkmen and oth- his life, lost .00 time ·in n•nning to chlirch floors glazed and marble er marauders did their plundering the city without even looking bacJ. ... tiles. and from the stairway, hug(' husine.:;s unrr!olested. A villager. leaving bdls and all. Chinese g_ranite slabs. They sue- however. returning to town me~ a (P.'e~r 1· run• h p ·ge •-1) i4 THE RUINS OF GUADALUPE (Continiud from page 73) After peace was declared, the few survivors of the once populous town returned and built temporary huts of bamboo and cogon grass. Weeds, vines. and parasitic plants practically covered the ruins and their premises and nobody dared to enter the place for fear of snakes. At night the somber appearance of the ruins made superstitious people believe they saw headless friars haunting th~ ruins. staying guard over their hidden treasures. Others thought they saw the ghosts of warriors who were hurriedly buried in the adjoining grounds where they fell during past battles. Later, the ruins and .their prem: iscs were ordered cleaned, and then people from far and near came as curious visitors and etched their names on the hoary walls, perhaps unmindful that they were adding notoriety to their vandalic fame. Picnickers came and went, some careless ones leaving the garbage of their lunches to greet other visitors who really had appreciation for beauty. . Then one day something happened. A few Spaniards came and held a whole day outing at the ruins. They indulged in merrymaking and stayed till dark. Some villagers who happened to be passing that way saw men leaving the ruins and carrying a heavy iron ch::!st which they took to the launch which was waiting at the river landing. The villagers believed that the chest must have contained thousands of pesos in silver and gold coins. Some of the picknickers. they said, must have been friars for the)p had tonsures, but wore. civilian clothes to avoid the suspicion of the townsmen. The two villagers told their neighbors what they had seen and the next day scores of villagers went to the ruins and to their astonishment they saw under the convent stairway a section of the wall newly opened from which the chest must have been extracted the day before. In the past, nobody even THE YOUNG CITIZEN suspected that such a clear-surfaced wall contained any valuable treasure behind it. "There must be some more hidden treasures buried here," they said, and the mad search was on. Villagers, old and young, .people from far and near, came with bars, picks, and shovels and dug everywhere-the floors, the walls, the arches, and nooks where they suspected hollow sound. Even some American soldiers from Fort McKinley joined the hunt, and believing that some treasures were buried with the old padres, they dug the vaults of these also, but found only moldy bones. One of the soldiers found a metal collar button among the bones and he considered it as a great find. Later, other diggers found two new openings in the convent--one near the middle stair landing. and the other, in the floor of an adjoining room. They presumed that these openings were dug by those who had secured the first chest. The disc.every of the new excavations further increased the enthusiasm of the treasure hunters. One dark night the villagers heard an explosion in the ruins and with lanterns and clubs they rushed up the hill to find o'ut what caused the explosion. To their surprise they came upon two American soldiers who. in the dim glow of thi.!ir flashlight, looked scared-nay more scared th.Jn the frantic villagers. To save energy, the soldiers said, they had used a stick of dynamite to blast the middle floor of the mortuary chamber, but they found nothing. Warned by the tenientft def barrio that they would be reported to the proper authorities. their digging ventures came to an end. Others resumed the digging and only 3fter years of vain excavating that the search finally stopped. But the church and convent presented a sorry sight with big holes and mounds of debris scattered around the walls were pick-marked at se.veral places. An effort was made by the Augustinian order to restore the church and convent, but due to the high cost Qf restoration. the idea was giv."rlarch, 1936 -en up. Former Presidenc Benton of the University of the Philippine:; once visited the ruins to size up the suitability of the place as a possible site for the University when the authorities were then considering the transfer of that institution outside of Manila. Not long ago the ruins have been leased to· Mr. F. Umbreit, a prcn;inent business ·man of the City. With some repairs and adjustments this gentleman has c0;nverted a part of the convent into a comfort:i.hle country home. A lov~r of the antique and of ·nature he has done much to preserve the beaucy of the ruins by affecting needed repairs. filling and levelling holes left by treasure and souvenir hunters. Every room on the ground floor of the convent is a garden plot, and various kinds of decorative plants h~ve been brought from the city at grnt expense and are now growing on well-kept lawns on the three side of the church and convent. Every visitor who has seen the clean and well-cared for gardens of the ruins has expressed admiration for th~ beautiful improvements made under Mr. Umbreit's supervision evidently at great expense and effort. The ruins are fenced to discourage un·· authorized individuals from entering the premises and thus prevent the further mutilation of the venerable pile. At present the ruined sanctuary in its majestic silence stands as a reminder of the past and recalls to the visitor many events in eccksiastical. political, and revolutionary history-piety, peace, intrigue, war, and even romance. Its walls, bullet- and shell-scarred testify to th~ frenzy of war, and as the visitor gazes in wonder, he is awed by the age and beauty of the pile and the artistry of its builders. Its massive walls, flat arChes. exquisite stone carvings, the mortuary crypt, its rain-water tanks. its cloister-lik.? arrangement-all are characterized by beauty and strength which the destructive hand of man so far ha's failed to utterly destroy. During moonlit nights when the moon(Plea.se l11n1 lo page 76) Man:h, /~1-Ui THE YOUNG CITIZEN THE IDLE BUTTERFLY An idle, white-winged butterfly Strayed ·into 'a garden, He flitted here, he flitted there, Then fluttered o'er a flower. He took a sip of sweet nectar, "Ah, ,life is good!" he said, "The sun is high, the breeze is cool, The flowers fresh and full." But then a cloud bumped with a breeze And spilled a bit of dew That trickled down the wing of white, Upon the flower rested light. The idle butterfly looked up, "Ah, life is good," he said, "Now I can take my sip of nectar "With clear, refreshing water." L. V. R. 75 7G THE YOUNG CITIZEN Maka le, Ethiopia's "Salt Seller" By J. C. p To you, salt may appear of ve- guard it on the east, northeast, and iy little value. But the moment southeast. Because of its salt trade. you run out of"salt and have to go it can well suppor~ a population of v:ithout it, you will realize how 15,000 people. It is one of the important it is. Makale is an im- largest, busiest, and most prosperous portant city of Ethiopia. chiefly, settlements in the Ethiopian provt•ecause it is the center for distribut- ince of Tigre. ing salt. In this country, salt is The round native houses are scat used as an article of food and as tcred over hillsides. There. are a currency. You can buy anything in Ethiopia with salt just as you do here with money. Once a month thousands of merchants and their camels: leave Mako.le for the salt lakes of Danakil. Here layers of dried salt and sand, broken into blocks weighing 3 Vi pounds each, are offered for sale. A salt block costing ·less than a cent;,vo in Danakil is sold for seven centavos in Makale. At a place about a hundred miles south of Makale, the same block may be sold for a peso. Forty-one years ago, Makale' was in the hands of Italian troops. Af· ter about a year the city was taken back by the Ethiopians. Now it is again occupied by the Italians. ThC city of Makale stands on a number of hills. High mountaim T 0 T 0 y ,. WATCH TOTOY CLOSELY. SEE WHAT HE WILL DO NEXT MONTH. few churches, a large markec, and a large stone palace. Several na· tive huts are frequently surrounded Vy a rough waJI inclosing a family's dwellings, live stock and garden. Little irrigation ditches supply waCl!r for gardens of flowers, ferns, and fruic trees such as orange, lime and lemon. There are birds of bright feathers. among which are the green and yellow pigeons. The people of 1\.fakaie are very proud of their palace. It was built by an Italian architect for King Johannes, during whose times Makale was used as the capital of Ethiopia. The palace which was strongly constructed of limestone blocks, also served as J. fort. The grounds are indmed by two outer walls~ · Note.--The information was March, 1986 -WH i;N nu;y WERE YOUNG True Anecdotes A poor Young man from the lloi:os was on a boat bound for Ma· nila. Ir was his ambition to finish a course in the big city. On the boat, there were other young men who were also on their way to Manila. ~rhey were rich .. Their clothes and manners showed that they had plenty of money. They would gather on the deck to talk noisily Jbout what they did with their money. As they Calked. they smoked expensive cigars. The poor boy also wanted to smoke but he could not afford even cheap cigars. So he stayed on the deck with the rich young men .and inhaled thr. smoke blown toward him. In Ma'lila, the poor student worked and studied so hard that he got ahead of the rich students. He became a successful lawyer and later served in the highest court of the land. He was also one tim\.' president of the University of th12 ' Philippine.~. The roor boy was Hon. Ignacio Villamor. THE RUINS OF GUADALUPE (Conlimrd from page 74) beams fall on its gray walls which cast their shadows on the plateau. the pile presencs a glorious pictu're which has an appeal to all lovers of the beautiful. In the peace of some night when soft breezes waft upon its walls, the imaginative passerby seems to hear the sou·nd of ZI solemn mass and sacred hymn'i sung by an invisible choir for the rerose of souls long departed. The ruined pile is but a shadow of its former s;?lory. and if its ancient wall~ had the power of sprech. they could tell to the legions of admiring visitors many interesting events which took place during more than three centuries of their existence. In their dignified silence the ruins of G11ada]up~ stand as .. n important landmark i'l Philippin'' history. taken from the Geographic New<; Bulletin Chemically, then• is no great difference between a diar1oncl and good coal. Carbon is the principal ingredient in both. Yet the value of a one-pound diamond is given as Pl,:J00,00() while high-grade anthracite, at 72.t a ton, is worth only .oo:~ centavos (three tenths of the centavo) a pound. Using these fig·ures you can readily determine that a one-pound diamond is worth l,2:JO,OOQ,OOO times its equal in coal. Or putting· it another· way, a· one-pound diamond will buy 62,:iOO tons of coal at P24 a ton. To transport that much coal would require 20 trains, 60 cars in a train, and :>O tons of coal in each car. Or again, a single train made up of these cars1 each car 2:i feet long., would make a train nearly six miles long. Likewise, quality DOES have considerable influence in .determining the real value of printing. -Schaphon;t UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES PRESS PRINTERS STATIONERS PUBLISHERS 405 Po't:lre Faure, Manila Telephone 5-76-86 The MODERN ENCYCLOPEDIA FOR CHILDREN Complete in one volume 1,200 pictures 300,000 words Every Picture and Every Paragraph Answer Your Children's Questions Every elementary school should have this book m its library. Approved by the Bureau of Education for 1::.\emenlary Schools--A B No: I, 1935 Sold exclusilJely by COMMUNITY PUBLISHERS, INC. 405 p. Faura1 Manila Tel. s-76-86 Linoleum Cuts For YOU 1111-CllT/ Om· linoleum cut department will make linoleum cuts for any businessman, printer, or publisher who wants to economize on cuts. Distinctive pastern for schools can be made on linoleum cuts. Give us an idea which you want to illusti·ate. We will make the design and the cut in linoleum. Linoleum cuts are attractive and appealing. Almost all pictures appearing in THE YOUNG CITIZEN are in linoleum cuts. Linoleum cuts a1·e inexpensive. They cost from 30', to 50', lower than metal cuts. Give us a trial. Publishers, 405 P. Faura, Manila n c. Tel. s-1b-ab