The Young Citizen: The Magazine for Young People

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Part of The Young Citizen: The Magazine for Young People

Title: The Young Citizen: The Magazine for Young People
Issue Date: Volume 2 (Issue No. 10) November 1936
Year: 1936
Language: English
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extracted text: )VEMBER, 19Jb A f'a_o1 ~(p "~ lM). 1 0 This Magazine Is Approved by the Bureau of Education VOLUME 2 NUMBER 1c NOVl:MBl:R 9 3 6 e STOR1ES The Good Readers' Corner .. , .............................. . Reading Time for Little Folks . . .. ............ , . , Little Stories for Little People-Why Nene was ThankfulA1mt Julia .................. . Moonlight Pranks-Limt Santiugo . . . . .... , ......... . How Little Brother HC!lped Big Brother-1lntoniu Muiiuz ...... . The Goi;!.~!lo.lmage of Sri Visaya-Alice 1'"'ranklin B1"1Jant .... . e e!SFather, We Thank Thee-Lulu de la Paz .... Night and Stars-A. C. Canciller ....... , ...... . • ,qHARACTER AND CITIZENSHIP Y~regorio del Pilar-Pacifico Bernm·do ........... . See the Philippines First-Fraucisco Cl1.1·buUo ....•........•... , Among the Boy Scouts-Ricctrdo de lci Crlf.Z ...... . A Police Officer-Restituto Cm·pio ............ , ...... , ........ . Keeping the School Clean-Cesario Llobrera • HEALTH & SAFETY Your Toe Nails .... • SCIENCE AND NATURE S l"UDY This Earth of Ours-Aunt Julia ......... . More Beautiful Flowers-A11nt J11lia .. The Bumble Bee ..................... . Curious Things Arounft Us . Little Pick-Ups-G, Ba.ldovi1w .. . The Month of November .................................... , . • \/vRK AND PLAY 274 275 276 278 28u 282 273 281 28;) 288 290 291 291 29i) 277 277 284. 287 287 287 Kiko's Adventures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2!-U Hobby Page-The Young Citizen Stamp Ciub-G. B. . . 293 The Young Citizen Pantry-Some Cereal Dishes-Jlfliana Milla1i 294 Little Entertainers , . . . . . . . .. , , , .... , , , .. , , , .. , 298 • PICTORIAL ............. . 286 • MUSIC Thanksgiving-/. Alf011so .............................. , , 292 • PEN AND PENCIL CIRCLE .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 29s • YOUNG WRITERS' SECTION................. 295 Publi11ht:d monthly by the Community Puh\i,;hcrs. Inc .. 'rel. ;,.76.SG, ~05 P. Fnurn. Mnniln, l'hil\f1fi~:~~~1 ~f,!::::,~. ~5_i :~~00ft 1~!1:!~,.~11~t:W~Jit~~ :M ~~;); .:0i~1. ~~~~~. °Co~~·~b,:~~; ~'fu;litoi·11 : Jidi117111 C. Pinedu, I. P11nfasig11i and Antonio ,lflliloz, Sinfr Artist: Gilma DaldoL·ino, Business M:m5~~1.~~[;'::0p~fe:~o~~·.oo for one yeur of I:! i~~u,,s: s2.on in the Unitc•l States and fo1·e·~n lnuntrie9. Single 0011y, 30 c11nLnvm;. Snl1Hl:liptfo11~ a,.e /,a be paid to Couu111111ir!I l'ublisher$, IHe. Tl-iE MAGAZINE FOR YOUNG PEOPLE. ovomber, 1916 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 273 274 THE YOUNG CITIZEN November, 19Jd Grade One (a) (b) (Check your answers by comparing them · with those on p ... ) Jose is seven years old. He wants to grow big and strong. For breakfast he eats a bowl of oatmeal. He eats an egg and a piece of bread. Then he drinks a glass of milk. 1. Check the pictur~s of the. food Jose eats. 2. Choose the correct answers: a. How old is Jose? 70, 7, 11 Grade Two • ~:Se sr~d;~e ~~l'.~~~S i~~ our house. Its house is called a web. It serves - as a trap. With the web the spider catches mosquitoes and flies. The spider eats mosquitoes and flies. Underline the correct answer: 1. The spider is (harmful, useless, useful) to men. 2. Its food consists of (fruit, rice, flies). 3. It catches flies and mosquitoes by means of its (well, web, weave). oio Supervisor of Intermediate English, City School11. (c) (d) (e) b. What does he drink in the morning? tea, coffee, milk 3. Draw a line under the correct answer: a. Is Jose an old man? Yes, No b. Does he want to be strong? Yes, No c. Does he eat rice for breakfast? Ye~, No d. Does he have meat for breakfast• Yes, No e. Does he like milk? Yes, No Grade Three Ana is in Grade Three. She st u d i es about plants, pets, and stars. She enjoys learning the names of plants and ~ watching their growth. She also likes to watch the stars, especially when there is no moon. But she does not like cats and dogs. She has no pet at all. Underline the correct answer: 1. Ana is fond of pets. True, False 2. She likes to study about plants. True. False .Vr;ivemlic1-, 19,/6 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 275 ~O,QQ§§§COCQC§QCCCCCC§CCCCCCC~CCCCGO§CCCCC~C~~~ READING TIME FOR LITTLE FOLKS I Just a Pin ' LITA found a pin on the floor. She picked it up and stuck it on the _paper cover of her book. "What will you do with that pin?" Nora asked. "I may need it sometime," Lita answered. Big Sister was dressing·for a party. She put on a pretty blue dress. There was 11 big blue ribbon to be pinned on the breast. "0 Lita," Big Sister called, "please run to the store and get me some pins. Here is a centavo." "How many pins do you need,· Sistert" Lita asked. "Only one. Please run." "I have one, Sister. Here it is." And Lita got the pin from the cover of her book. "Oh, that is good of you." Sister was very glad. 3. She has a cat and a dog. True, False 4. She likes to watch the moon. True, False 5. She enjoys watcJ:iing the stars. True, False Grade Four • The sun was overhead. The wind seemed to car· ry a breath of fire. The terrible blaze of the sun burned the grass on thP. dry and cracked ground. The field ani--~ The~Little Mosquito "L O?K at that fine thing, Mother," a httle mosquito said pointing to a spider web. "That is a web. Do. not go near it." "It is very beautiful, Mother. It must · be fun to swing in it." . "Come along," the mother ordered, "there is a man from whom you can get your lunch." Mother Mosquito flew away but Little Mosquito stayed behind. "I shall play a while," he said. · He flew into the web. His legs were stuck in the fine thread. He began to swing. His head was stuck, too. He found that his whole body was stuck. He wanted to get out of the web, but he could not. "You may have this centavo, Lita, anyway, I wanted to spend it for pins." mals panted under the small trees that stood here and there. No man would dare leave the house. 1. What time of day was it? (morning, noon, evening). 2. The wind was (warm, cool, hot). 3. The grass on the field was (fresti, green, dry). 4. People stayed in the (field, shade, house). 5. The animals rested in the (sun, house, shade). Turn to page 283 for the answers. 276 THE YOUNG CITIZEN ,Vovcmber, 1936 LITTLE STORIES F~~p~'W<1 By Aunt Julia -~">~;'!,"'~~,~~~~~~~>~ Why Nene Was Thankful A Thanksgiving Story "NENE! Nene! I am here. Come and let us play." Nene stood up and turned toward the street. She had been picking up dry stickd for fuel. "Is that you, Charing?" and Nene ran as fast as she could across the yard and out of the bamboo gate. "Charing, how beautiful you are! I am glad you are home." Nene exclaimed as she looked her friend over with admiring eyes. "I have come to spend Thanksgiving Day with Father and Mother." "Oh Yes, I know. We, too, shall have a special dinner. I am gathering fuel for Mother's special recipes." Nene's voice was merry. "At home, there is nothing special," Charing said. "It must be the old, old menu, stuffed turkey, chicken stew, vegetable salad, and fruit and cakes.'' "O Charing, how could you talk that way! Is that not something very, very special?" "Of course not. Just the same, I am glad I am out of school. It is hateful tCJ be shut up in a convent all your life. Come, Nene, let us play. Tell me about your goats and your chickens and your other play· mates." "When you left we had only two goat!'. Now we have five! Could you believe it? Nanny Goat had three kids at one time! It is fun to watch the kids jump around and tease one another. But I have to keep them out of my little garden. They will chew up all the leaves before you can shout 'Hooooo!'" N ene took Charing to the grassy lot wher~ the goats were browsing. Charing admired the frisky kids and imitated their "Meee! Meee!" Charing peeped into Nene's little garden where chichiricas and yellow bells were constantly in bloom. "I cannot understand why my mother wants roses and orchids. They have to be taken care of all the time. Your plants need nothing but water." "But Charing," cried Nene, "you cannot compare my flowers with your mother's beautiful roses and costly orchids. These plants do not cost money at all." After showing her little downy chicks to Charing, Nene said, "I shall have to carry in the fuel I hav.e gathered. Mother will (Con'1'nucd on page 299) THE YOUNG CITIZEN 277 -11100000111111111111-1 L---~-~~~"~~ll~~~~lll~l~l~l~lil~~llllllllllllThis Earth of Ours . (Recall what yo11 learned last month about the ea1·th or 1·ead th'! article in this sr1me col11mn before 1-cading this one.) At the beginning. the earth was not exactly as it is now. Perhaps the mountains were not so high nor the valleys so deep. At present the surface of the earth i!; very irregular. There arc mountains that are so high that their tops are al ways covered with snow. Some parts of the sea are called deeps because of their great depth. The most important cause of the changes on the surface is the shrinking of the earth. It is believt:d that the center of the earth is very hot. This center is surrounded by a thick layer of very hard rock. During the thousands of years of its life, this hot ccnt~r. has been cooling off. As it cools off. the outer layer of rock shrinks. Have you baked or roasted an apple? Did you notice how the skin became wrinkled? In the same way although in .i very large scale. the skin of t.he earth has shrunk. Mountains and depressions may be formed also by volcanoes. For some reasons we cannot very wdl understand, some parts of the earth rise while other parts sink. The appearance of the surface of the earth can not remain the same. The wind. water, and the sun cause the rocks to break. The wat~r flowing down the highlands carry the fine rock to the low places. After many years the highlands become lower and the deep places become higher. Changes within the earth cause land to rise and More Beautiful Flowers The Achuete On the roadside, in the open field, and on neglected lots many trees grow without human care, yet they bear beautiful flowers of which we should be proud. Because they are common and cost nothing, we do not appreciate them. An achuete tree in bloom presents· a beautiful sight. The flowers that grow in clusters are of a delicate lavender-pink color. There are seven narrow petals around a heart composed of more than a hundred fine stamens. The lower portion of the filament is light gold while the upper part including the pollen cup is lavender. The buds are almost Fndt of Ach11Pfe perfectly round and are of a deep red color. A clus· ter of achuete flowers composed of op1m blossoms J.nd buds is a treat to the eye that recognizes beauty. It must be more beautiful than apple blossoms. The Cacaware The cacawatc grows wild. It dries not attract attention when not in bloom. But in January and February there is no lovelier sight than a cacawatr. that has shed its leaves but whose branches are covered with the long spikes of little blossoms of white, pink and light lilic. The Mahahiya Along the roadside among grass and lowly weeds grows the tiny sensitive plant, whose leaves close and droop at the slightest touch of the human hand. The flower that looks like a fairy's ball is soft to the touch and a delight to the eye. It is light lilac in color. sink. Men have found seashells on the tops oi mountains. This means that the mountains must have been at the bottom of the ocean long ago. (Co11fi>rnrd 011 p«(fc 298) 278 THE YoUNd CITIZEN November, i93iJ Dear Children: We are a happy group of barrio boys who live in a farming neighborhood. We often play together during the moonlight night~. Our ages are frnm seven to thirteen years. Do you like to hear some of our exciting and interesting expe·riences? Here they are! The Playe1·s NEW MOON WHAT a night! It was All Saints' Day. We decided to go around the neighborhood to sing the traditional songs. We started late in the evening when the new moon poured forth its light on the dark shadows of the nipa houses, fields and trees. From "Ba Teb~n." the grand old man of tht? village. Luis boirowed an old guitar. He bega;.1 playing it to rh.e _tune of a religious song. We sang the song many times from one house to another. The song was li)te thiS: . List to the song of spirits Our songs of agony and pain Spirits will be wandering The graveyard to see once again. If alms you should care to ·.give -us. Please do so as fast as You can. Lest before we reach the. heaven Its· door may no longer be open MOONLIGHT By LINA M. SANTIAGO Zamora Elementary School \English Translation of ryhmes by LULU DE LA PAZ) I We foun'd our neighbors to ·be very kind and good to us. . They offered us some centavos for our songs. Ot~ers .. iiivited us -to their houses ~o enjoy spoonfuls of "guinatan," pieces of "calamay," "tinumis at puto," and some "suman" which were purposely pre· pared for the hungry little souls who traveled in the cold black night. Then we rested awhile,· returned the guitar we borrowed. and . walked our way along the Muddy road to the cemetery. Stories of ghosts and goblins crept into our imagination. We were very much afraid, so we ran as fast as we could. We reached the cemetery perspiring and cold. Our fear was lessened when we saw bright light~ everywhere in ~he place. It was coming from the "sulo" or bamboo torches locally made by th~ farmers in their homes. We went iround the graves of the young and the old. We found out that they were decorated with flowering plants and vines which looked like small gardens with white fences. Midnight was near. We heard the call of the "tuko'' or gecko coming from the bamboo thickeu around. We remembered the evil spirits that ran after children at midnight. The more we became afraid. the more we could not start for home because our little feet would not carry us farther. In our hurry to go home, we jumped into an empty cart nearby, crowded ourselves together. and suddenly fell asleep . . To our surprise, th:? next morning we found ourselves still in the cart but in another place. We all rubbed our eyes and exclaimed· "Really, did the ghosts bring us here"? "Where are we"? "Why"? 2. FIRST QUARTER WHEN the moon. was on its first quarter, W:? were very anxious to sec a "moro-moro" play. We borrowed the cart. of Mario'.!. father and the carabao of Luis' father, and off we went to town. We sat inside the roofed cart while Luis who acted as o~r guide rode on the carabao'.i back. In . order to spend the time happily, we planned to sing some country songs. ,\'(11J('Jll.bCI", J!JJ(j THE YOUNG CITIZEN 279 PRANKS Luis said, "Each one of us shall sing the song he or she likes best." "Agreed," we all shouted. "I shall begin," interrupted Luis, and he sang the words of the "Paro-parong Bukid"-(Eng· lish translation). "Flutter all the daytime Little Pretty-\Ving Flutter alI the playtime Little merry thing: Flutter from the meadow Where the path lies, There's a bit of shadow For the gay butterflies." "Thar's fine:" and we clapped our hands with delight. "Let us hear another melody. Mario shalI be the next," said I. So Mario began with the tune of "Si Ali Kong Nena": (English translation).;Farewell, my friends, I say I am going far away To see my sugar cane If it is sweet again. It may be like the cheat That has a root of sweet But at the top no taste. Indeed, a bit of waste." "Well and good," we remarked jokingly. Then we requested the other children with us lo render their contributions. They gave folksongs too. They were very pleasant to hear. Maria sang this piece: Oh Big Sister, big sis, Of San Fernando Lake Beris and Bacolod Of Manila is a' piece. "Stop!", exclaimed Luis, and he continued, "Let us hear another piece." Putting aside my shyness, I stood up, an~ sang: Leron, Leron my love, Climbed a papaya treeA basket he did take To put the ripe ones in. Bur when he reached the top, He came down with a flopOh-what a bitter luck, Go hunt for another. "Fine! Let us have another one," said Pedro. But all eyes went to him. He was expected to give a better one. So he scratched his head and said: Once as I walked along an llaya road, What would I find bur a little piece of wood. I took it horn;: with me, a guitar I made of it It was Maria who danced while Pedro played. We did not know that we had reached the ~own until Luis said, "Hrrc we are'. To the moro-moro WC go~" We went to 1hc plaza and saw the play or "comcdia" as the town people called it. There were so many people who witnessed the show. The srory was interesting. It was about a prince, a princess, several attendants, and gallant soldiers in armor. The players were brave, 'good, and truthful. There ( Co11fin11ed 1•11 JJn.ge 297) 280 THE YOUNG CITIZEN · .Vuvemb<·r, 19Jfo four ran into a coconut grove toward a big tamarind tree laden with green fruit. Most of the other boys picked up their boc1ks and w~nt home. A few including Lolo remained on t_he school lawn. "Let's play ball for a while," suggeste-d one. '"Nor a bad idea," added another. · "Our mothers. my mother particularly. will not need us until sunset. "Quite right!" exclaim~d a third b~y. Soon they were playing ball but Lolo w"s not with them. He had sliPped away before the game HOW LITTLE BROTHER HELPED "HAVE you hoed the ground. Gildo?" asked the garden teacher just before he dismissed the class one afternoon. Gildo hesitated. Then with difficulty, he answered ... A part of ir. Mr. Qui~at. I mean it is almost finished." .. Good!" exclaimed the teacher. "You see. Gildo, you have not been working very hard. I am afraid you will not be able to plant your seedlings on time unless you double up your speed. Your brother, Lolo. and the rest of the boys have pulverized the soil and on Monday they will transplant the seedlings to their plots. All the plots except yours ar~ in fine shape now." "Yes, Mr. Quilat." Gil do admitted, "but I'll do all I can to catch up with them. I'll work hard tomorrow and Sunday. By Monday, my plots wili be ready." "That's the spirit. boy," said the teacher trying to encourage the thoughtless and lazy Gildo. Lolo, Gildo's younger brdther was uneasy in his seat during the conversation. He was ashamed-very much ashamed of his brother. He was afraid that Gildo was not telling the truth. Tears rolled down his cheeko; as he left the room. "Come on, boys," shouted Gildo when he reached the street. "To the tamarind! Yes, to the tamarind!" Three boys joined thr thoughtless boy. The (A STORY) By ANTONIO C. MUl"lOZ began. He went to the garden to find out how much his brother, Gildo, had done. He looked all abo'ut him. The garden as a whole was clean. All the plots were ready for planting. He was relieved. Gildo, he thought. had done something. But upOn reaching the other side, he was surprised to see a patch of ground. untouched. He looked at the stake in the _middle. It was No. 20. That was Gildo's number. "My God! Gildo hasn't done anything,." hi:: sighed. "The worst part of it is that he lied to i:hc teacher when he said that his plot is almost finio;hed ... That was Friday afternoon. Without another word. Lolo took off his shirt and laid it on a box nearby. Then he grabbed his ho~ and hoed the untouched ground. After an hour's hard work. h.! had hoed the part assigned to his lazy brother. He went to the garden very early the next day. He had removed all the weeds before he went home that morning. In the afternoon. he was there again doing the work for his thoughtless brother. Ou Sunday afternoon, he put the plots in shape. It was then that Gildo came with his hoi!. Perhaps he wanted to do a little hoeing for Mr. Quilat's inspection on the following day. From where he stood, he could see l.olo working on his plot. 'Tit not bothtr Lolo," he said to himself. "Hi:: is he.re to help me. I believe. If he does a little hoeing, it will be enough for Mr. Quilat's inspection ,Vovt>mbPr, 1.9.U; 11-!G YOUNG CITIZEN 281 tomorrow. I had better go for the. gang must b..: waiting for me now." Gildo slipped out of the garden without Lolo seeing him. Lolo was too busy to look around. Monday came. It was three o'clock in the afternoon when Mr. Quilat and his bqys went to tht! garden for the periodic inspection. All the boys· faces including Lolo's beamed with joy. They ex. pected good ratings for their work was done and upto-date. Gildo was uneasy. His face was a picture of hopelessness. It's true that he saw Lolo in BIG BROTHER the garden. but did he work on his plot? If he did. had he done enough to give him a passing mark~ These things came up in his ll)ind as he lagged behind his happy classmates. Already he pictured ia his mind the angry face of his teacher, Mr. Quilat. Already he seemed to hear his favorite expression, '"Cuiio! Quinto Grz.do!" And before he knew it. he had splashed into a mudhole. He got up. a pitiable but very funny picture. His classmates laughed at him. Lalo ran bJck to his brother. He took off Gilda's shirt and told him to go to the garden. "There is a surprise waiting for you there," Lalo told him as he ran to the faucet and rinsed Gildo's dirty shirt. Gildo stood ;it the gate. He was too frightened to go near his plot which was behind the tool house. Mr. Quilat with his notebook was going around the plots and grading them. "Gildo, come on," he shouted. "Let's see what you have done ... Gildo walked slowly toward the teacher and the two went to the space behind the tool house. "Oh!" was all that Gildo could utter when he .saw his plot in as fine a shape· as the rest. He could not believe it. He looked around for his brother. Lolo. The latter stood a few yards from him. He grinned as Gildo's eyes met hi~. "'Now, isn't that fine, Gildo~" exclaimed Mr. Quilat. "I never thought you could catch up with the other boys.'· Gilda did not answer. When the teacher was gone, he sat down and crie.d like a baby. Lola went to him and patted his bro.ther's back. "Come, brother, let us go horn~." he said as he held his brother's arm. "Oh. Lalo! You are so good!" he sobbed. "I never realized until this afternoon how lazy. careless, and thoughtless I have been. How can I e:ver repay you?" "By always doing your work well," Lolo answered. ''That. I promise." Gildo said. Gildo was changed. After that incident in the garden, he becam~ a new boy. He did his work so well that Mr. Quilat often praised him. All this was due to Lola. the good and thoughtful brother. Acknowledgment The words of the song "To a Cu!usisi" com~ posed by Mr. Antonio Munoz. which appeared in the April. 1935 issue of The Young Citizeri LVas u..>ritten by Mr. Anastacio C. Canciller of Ligao. Albay. and not by Mr. Munoz. 282 'tHE YOUNG CITIZEN November, 1936 The Golden Image of Sri Visaya [By ALICE FRANKLIN BRYANT (Continued from October Issue) WHAT a frightful sight met his eyes! Ther.? before him were a fully grown wild pig and a huge python. The python had a coil of its thick, long body wrapped around the pig, while the pig was squealing. struggling, and trying to bite. In a moment ht did succeed in sinking his sharp teeth into the pyth<;>n. At that, the python lashed about furiously, and the two boys drew back in fright. But the python did not let go of the pig. It slipped another coil around the pig and squeezed. The pig's squeals redoubled. Pablo heard the Cracking of its bones. He felt half sick-he had never seen anything half so horrible. In a few minutes the squealing became weaker. and the boys left. As soon as the python finished killing the pig. he would cover it with saliva. Then he would swallow the pig-3ll i.n one bite-and go off to his den to spend a week or so sleeping off the effects of his heavy meal. "While he is asleep,"" said Ulan, "we will take 3 net to catch him in. We will kill him and have lots of good meat." When they reached the little houses, they found them all deserted. Everyone was half a mile down the hill making a caiiigin, or clearing. The Negritoes depend for the most part on finding their food in the forest. They kill birds, deer, iguanas. catch fish. dig wild yams. But some of them also make tiny rude clearings in the forest in which they raise small amounts of corn and sweet potatoes and some.times squash and beans. So Pablo and Ulan found them all, men, women, and children. busy -slashing down brush. vines and small trees. The large trees they did not fell, but simply cut deep rings around them so thar the trees would die and the leaves fall off. The bare branches would not make enough shade to interfere with the growth of their crops. After all this vegetation was well dried out. they would set fire to the little field; and then, as soon as the dry season was over and the first -rains fell, they -would make little holes with sharp sticks. and put in their seeds. As soon as they saw the boys approach they all stopped working and gathered aroU:nd, aski:lg Ulan questions about Pablo. Ulan told about his finding Pablo, about Pablo": reason for being up there, and about the python they had just seen. At mention of the python. hi~ listeners lost some interest in their strange .guest, because they are very fond of the flesh of the python. And the Philippine python, by the way, is said to attain a larger size than any or.her snake in the world. sometimes having a length of more than thirty feet. They stopped their work of clearing, and went off, some here, some there, into the forest to look for rattan which can be used as rope. Pablo went with Ulan and helped him cut and carry the lengths of rattan. On their return to camp, the men made of them a strong net. While they were maki~g the net, Ulan built .1 little house for Pablo. It was a very simple shelter li~e the five- houses that were already there. First he stuck two poles in the ground. Each of these had a fork at the top. In these forks he laid another pole. Then he got some strips of bamboo and placed them one end on the ground, the other on the horizontal pole. With rattan he tied a few strips crosswise. covered the frame so made with banana leaves laid on like shingles, and, behold, the house was finished! They had scarcely finished the house, when Ulan's . mother called the boys to supper. She had cooked some corn in a section of bamboo and roasted over the open fire spme little pieces of iguana strung on a strip of green cane. She split the section of barn boo and poured the steammg corn onto banan~ leaves. Then she, her hu.sband, Ulan, and his little sister, and Pablo all sat around the banana leaws in front of their hut af!.d ate with a healthy appetire. While they were still eating, someone from another household got out a rude bamboo violin and began to play. The tune was very siµi.ple-just four notes repeated again and again with an occasional change of key. But the player's sense of rhythm was excellent, and Ulan could not sit still another minute. He hastily ate a last handful of the corn, sprang to his feet, and began to dance. Two young men soon joined him. They danced quite cleverly, and kept perfect time with the music. The other Negritos sat around talking and laughing. Pablo now observed them at his leisure-. They were all small. belonging. it is supposed, to the same family as. the pygmies of Africa. They all had kinky hair and very broad. flat ~oses: but their lips were not very thick. and their expressions Nawmbel', 11136 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 283 were alert and good natured. The men wore loin cloths like Ulan's, and th~ women wore nothing but short skirts of bark cloth. He saw one or two whose skirts were made of black cloth. very old znd ragged. This cloth and their bolos and spear points had been obtained in some round about way from the Filipinos. for the Negritos know ~othing of the manufacture of real cloth or the working of iron. As for the small Negrito children, the only. thing they wore was a string of . dried berries around their necks. When the dancers became tired. they sat down_ to rest. Someone suggested singing a song for Pablo. All the men and older boys stood up one behind another. each one with one hand on the shoulder of the man in front of him. Crouching a little they walked around in a circle. Presently the man in fron:t struck a note, the others joined in and held the note as long as they could. Then another note was sounded, -step became faster, the men stopped abruptly, backed a few steps, and repeated the whole performance. Finally they· be_gan to sing. The song was very short, but was repeated a numbe~ of times. At times during the singing they would all stop and yell ai the top of their voices. · Pabl6 found all this very interesting. and he thanked his hosts· for their entertainment. But he was not forgetful of his purpose in making this trip of exploration. He went up to the oldest, wisest looking man and asked him if he knew of any gold in the mountains. The old man shook his head doubtfully. but Pablo insisted that there must be gold. So the old man called his neighbors together, and they went into a huddle. Tbe old man finally emerged from the consultation and turned to Pablo. "One day's walking from here," he said, "there is a very bright substance in the bed of a stream. We "do not know whether it is gold. "Tonight and tomorrow night you shall stay with us. for tomorrow we will slay the python and fiast upon its flesh. · "The next morning, since you insist, you may go to hunt for the gold. and we will send Ulan with you. The doors of the forest are open to him, and we can tell him bow "to find the. stream Of the glittering substance." - On hearing this Pablo could have juinped· with joy. He seized the hand of the old man, put it to his forehead, ~nd thanked him profuse I y. Within half an hour everyone in the little settlement was fast asleep; and Pablo was dreaming of a golden stream, a fine house, a· big automobile, and lots of good things to eat! (To be continued) ANSWERS TO Tl-IE QUESTIONS ON PAGE 274 GRADE ONE 2. (a) 7 (b) Yes (b) milk (c) No 1. b, d, e (d) No 3. (a) No {e) Yes GRADE TWO 1. Useful 2. Flies 3. Web GRADE THREE 1. False 2. True 3. False 4. True 5. True GRADE FOUR 1. Noon 4. House 2. Hot 5. Shade 3. Dry 284 THE YOUNG CITIZEN Novem.luir, 193'1 The Bumble Bee WHEREVER there arc flowC'rs, you will hear the loud buzzing sound that resembles chat of an airplane far above you. The sound is made by the bumble bee. Unlike the honey bee that you have already studied, the bumble bees are not very thrifty. They do not save enough food for a long cold season. Therefore. many of them die. The mother bee starts a colony in this way. She begins to look for a place where she can build up a new colony. When she has found a suitable place, she begins to make her nest. Usually the place is a hole in a tree or a deserted cave of the rats. She gathers pollen grains and nectar. She takes all these things to her nest. She makes th:! nectar and pollen grains into honey and bee bread. She piles chem on Chi! wall of her new home. Afcer filling her pan cry, she lays eggs. After a time these eggs hatch and become bee grubs or baby bees. These baby bees hurry co the bee bread mad>! by the mocher bee. After a time they scop eating and spin a cocoon and begins to sleep. This is th~ pupal stage. Somecime later the cocoon splits and the bee comes out. The cocoon is then buried in the sides of the nest and these cocoons become the future store rooms of the honey. This is che reason why the nest of the bumblebees is not so well arranged as the honey bees' nests. These bees become the workers. They do all ~he work. The queen no longer goes out. but stays at home and lays eggs only. After a time there will be drones in the colony who fertilize the eggs of the queen. The workers are the most busy of all che bees. They do plenty of work. They take care of the mother bee. The mother bee is given food every day. They go out to gather food. It is very interesting to watch a worker bee at work. When she goes to a flower, she gathers the pollen grain':i wich her hairy legs. The hair forms a pocket. It is commonly called the "pollen basket." This is the time when she helps us. When she goes from one flower to another she incidencally brushes the pollen ·grains of one flower to another. This causes pollination. Without pollination we can not have fruit. Another important work of the worker be.? is to take care of the baby bees. She also arranges the home. _She strengthens the silken pupa cradles with her wax. making them inco rooms for storing honey. The structure of the bumblebee is very inter· e.sting. Its antenna is short but very active. The mouth is well fitted both for hieing and for sucking. She has two large compound eyes. In the middle of the compound eyes arc three simple eyes. The wings arc four in number and arc strong. The front legs are very short. All the a legs have hair over them and each ends in a chree jointed foot tipped by a claw. This makes her foot fit for clinging to the flowers when she gachcrs pollen grains and nectar. The hind legs are very interesting. It has what is called the pollen basket. Bees brush the pollen with their legs and deposit the pollen grains in_ these baskets. Nl61·ff AND STARS The night Is God's dark blanket To wrap us all in Our sleep. The stars Arc yellow flowers In God's vast gardenThe sky. By A. C. Canciller Ligao, Albay .Vowmber, 1.9.UJ 'l'HE YOUNG CITIZEN 285 (Gallery of Na~ional l-leroes) GrG~~!~co ~.:.: PILAR ROM our Gallery of Revolutionary H~F roes, there is one about whom we know so little, for very little has been said or written about him. Except for the never-to-be-forgotten battle of Tila Pass with which his name has been inseparably linked, Gregorio de! Pilar's life is so to say -"a blank page" to a great many of us. With the coming of his birthday which falls on the 14th of November, recounting his many virtues and string of achievements would be but paying a tribute to the "young hero" in the absence of a national holiday to commemorate his natal day. Born on Nov. 14, 1875 exactly fifty-one years ago on his coming birthday, he was lucky in having lived at a time when our country needed most, men. of courage; high sense of loyalty and patriotism such as he) possessed. Coming from a family of heroes, it was no wonder that he should be classed with our best men at a very young age. His father was Fernando H. de! Pi .. Jar, brother of Marcelo H. de! Pilar, another revolutionary hero. His mother was Felipa Sempio. He was brought up by his aunt Doiia Hilaria de! Pilar, the wife of Deodato Arellano the first supreme head of the Katipunan. He obtained his primary education in hi& home town in Bulacan. Later he came to Manila and studied in the Ateneo de Manila, where he obtained his bachelor's degree. Before he graduated from this school he had already joined the Katipunan, taking his oath, before its supreme head Andres Bonifacio. Immediately after receiving his diploma he joined the fotces of the Katipunan. . From that time on, he distinguished himself from the common mass by reason of his ingenuity, bravery, loyalty, and great respect for justice and righteousness. Starting with but a handful of men, whose ~nly weapons were courage and loyalty, they ambushed a group of i::lpanish soldiers from whom they obtained several pistois and guns. That incident marked the beginning of a series of attacks in which he always came out victorious in spite of the great odds against which he was fighting. One of the outstanding achievements to his credit in the earlier part of his career was the capture of Paombong, an account of which was given in his report' to Gen. Mamerto Natividad. With only eleven men with him using his brain to advantage, he was able to capture the town of Paombong within three minutes. It.was his tact and ingenuity that made possible his rapid rise to the position of a Brigadier General in three years. As a soldier he was a model of bravery and loyalty, but as a captor he was loved and admired even by his enemies. He (Contiml(''l 011 page 29'1) 286 THE YOUNG CITIZEN PICTORIAL Prize winner in tl1" folk dancing co11lcst in the Cent1"lll St11dent Y. M. C. A., Manila. Tcnchcrs in chu1·gc-lef l to 'l'ighl: illi.<:s 11s1rncimt Man11d, Miss Consolacio11 Daru u.11d Miss /rim:« MMwel. Lf ft: A 1·0.ccli CincoValc1lictorian (Oct., 1936) -Rizal Elcme·nt11r11 Sclwol. Rigl1t: Francisco lllllingit (left)-.-Valcdictori<m; and Manuel As11crilla (l'ight)-Salu.tntol"im1, Sta. An a Elcmf1tftlry Scl1ool Novemba, J.9.11i Abovt>: Little Evangelina Aguilar-playing soldier. The tlm:c-year old gfrt wit/1 a winning smile is Co)'l."/ .. ron D. 9ash·o Novrmlun·, 19:J6 nIE YOUNG CITIZEN 287 r~~N~~~~~~~~;~~~F~;·:1~;;~F;;;~~~~·-~~· _ -·-• ·~ This page is devoted to the Study of Interesting Insects; Plants, Animals, and Fishes ~~~~~~~~Ul~:Gh-;;,.~~~~~s-~-.-....,....,.-..,...,,.m.,,.,....,.._._..,....,_.,,,..,..,..~, The Veiltail Moo1· TelescOJ)e (Black goldfi.<ih) The Goldfish is the best known fish today amon~ the aquarists or fish collectors. China is its ancec;tral home. Th.:- Chinese began cultivating it a hundred years ago. golden breeding. Then later, the Japanese took up And now, Japan became the lead· er in this industry. Many strange species or varieties have been developed by means of selective breeding. In one of the illustrations. you can see the Telescope Goldfish. This specie:; is actually a near-sighted fish. Anothl::r ~pecies which was beautifully developed is the Fringtail. This goldfish has a tail fin twice as long as the fish itself. A near-sighted goldfish called Telescope goldfish. LITTLE PICK-UPS b!,I gi.lmo baldovi.no One of the most curious spzcies that the Japanese developed is the Japanes~ Lionhead. This goldfish has a head like the head of a lion. They believ:? that this is the highest develoJ?ed goldfish. Not all goldfish are gold .colored. Almost all the colors of the rainbow may be seen among the goldfish. One specie which is different! y colored from the rest is the Veiltail Moor Telescope. It is black. The Japanese Lionhead THE COMMONWEALTH OF THE PHILIPPINES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND COMMUNICATIONS MANU,A SWORN STATEMENT (Rl!tlUil"Lod by Ad 25801 Thi! ur.d<'rsi•mcd Community PubliNhe1·s, Iiic .. owne1· or 11ubliKh<'r of 'l'hj• Yo1u1g Citizl'n, J>Ublillhl!d monthly in .Mu.;~1!~ ~~:~p1~:,1. ... he~-~~~- ~::!~~9 bthen r!~1~wi~0r:t11~:.n~~r~r Oll"n<'r:11hiJ>, managr111n1t, ci1·culation, elc., as 1>equfred" by Act 2580 of the Philippine Lr.1di;lnture: Editor: Jo~e E. Romero Munagini:i: Edito1·: L. V. Reyes Publisher: Community Publishers, Inc. Business Manager: Alfredo de l..nl"a Owm!rs 01· stockholders holding one per cent or mo1·~ of inlA!1"<'9l, stock,., bonds, 01· olht•r securities: Bondholders, mortgagees: None. !Signatu1·e) CommUnity Publishers, .Inc. (Owner 01· Publishu-J By Alfredo de Lora Subscribed and sworn to before mf this 18th day of September. 1936, the 1k:Clarnnt cJi:hlbitinit hi,. ceduln No. F2045,i8-I. fSenll (Sgcl.) C. M. Picache Notnry Public ISiKnature of orfi<"e1· administerinK oath) 288 THE YOUNG CITIZEN Novembe1·, l_Rj;: Pfor i , Mnuila . The longest ll11d t11e 11wsl MSllJ1 dock in the Orient. See the Philippines First Our beloved Filipinas. due to her wealth in natural resources and th;? beauty of her scenery. is aptly called the Pearl of the Orient and Paradise 'j the Pacific. Her beauties shine in song and story. Visitors from foreign lands after traveling in our country, enjoying scenic attractions. and appreciating the cultural <lnd economic development of the people. are loud in their praises of, our glorious land. A few of our countrymen, however, who have the means for lei· sure and travel. boast of having gone around the world once or i;evBy FRANCISCO CARBALLO * homeland by actually seeing her inre:resting places first? In the olden days when th\! means of transportation were slow aud expensive,' people were naturally not inclined tQ travel and this situation contributed t~ the backwardness of the counrry and th~ lack of effective unity among its pwple. This was also tr.ue in other foreign countries. Today. however. with the advent of modern civilization and the eral times, seen great cities. wonder- machine age. travel .is quick and in·ful views, and historical landmarks expensive. and people go about abroad. seem to belittle the impor · tance of our local scenery and int~resting .Piaces. Don't you think wt should know more about our .i. Formerly Principal, City Schools. more for business. edu::ational. and recreational purposes. In foreign countries. such as. the United Slates. Japan, England. Germany, Italy, and Russia, pupils and students are encouraged to make visits '!'he f<11no1111 Pc1·cz Park witlt the m ·w T11 y11lim; CoJ1ilol hi the btickgro1md. and excursions to places of educational interest. In these trips they arc accompanied by their teachers; :!.ltd tutors who see to it that thei1 wards get the most from their visit.c.;. In fact the~e excursions are consid· <.red parts or extensions of classroom work in elementary science. geography. history. civics, home eco· nomics. and other subjects, and th\! c':cursionists are credited for their ability to report and discuss intelligently wha~ they had Sl!t!O during their visits. In some foreign countries transportation companies and special boarding houses offer reduced rates to pupils. students. and teachers who travel for educational vacations zind excursions. This practice of learning by seeing is of mosr prac· tical value to the future citizens of the. country. In the Philippines education by travel is just beginning to be· realind. Occasionally pupils and ·ceachH~ from neighboring provinces comt! to Manila by truck or train during school holidays and vacations anrl visit interesting · places in the city. Some schools in the city organiz~ from time to time excursions to urighboring provinces. These are steps in the right direccion and they should be encouraged. or better still. prescribed as regular part of school work. If school authorities. gov· ernment and private transportation companies in our country would co-operate in encouraging these educational excursions among pupils. students. and teachers. as it is done Nuvcmlicr, l!J3G in other progressive countries. much good could be derived from SJ.id excursions. The excursions. however, co be fruitful and educational. should be well planned and organized. The organizer, usually a teacher who had previously seen the place or places to be visited, and had made 1wccssary arrangements with the heads of offices and institutions requiring permission, prepares th~ ground through discussions and planning with his pupils and studfnts. Travel titerature. maps. and road guides arc useful aids in plan · ning. Informal discussions and pcrtirt<"nt questions should be encouraged during the visits. but in case said visits arc made in offices. factories. and institutions. boisterous and disorderly behavior should be avoided so as not to annoy the people therej,, who may be very busy at chat time. Reports. illustrated with pictures. diagrams. and maps whenever avai!<'blc. are then discussed in the class: rooms and arc correlated with ocha school subjects and activities. The length of this article does not permit me to enumerate all the Lnportant places in the country worth seeing. Every municipality. city, and province has its own places of particular interest. The idea is. visit first those places in your locality which are of sptcial ir.cerest co you : next. those in the neighborhood within your province: and then, those outside of your province. Herewith is a short suggcstivi: list for Manila visitors. Ocher items of special interest. may be added to the list. It is clear that <lll places mrntioned herein cannot be covered in one trip. Visit the important ones first and reserve the rest for succeeding visits. Mme of these places are within _ shore walking PistJnce :· Government-Legislative Building. LibrJCy Post Office Ayunramienco. Courts Malacafiang THE YOUNG CITIZEN 289 The Lcgisla :ivc D11ifdi119 of ti«· Phili111,foe Co111mm1w-:alth. Bilibid Prison Treasury, Audie. Mint Education Science Printing Observatory City Hall EducarionalUniwrsity of the Philippines, it> colleges Ateneo Sto. Tomas National University Letran College San Beda Normal School Trade School High schools. model elcmentarv schools (gov't) MonumentsRizal Legazpi-Urdaneta Magellan Anda Elcano lsabd II Carlos Vidal Bonifacio (Caloocan. Rizal) HospitalsGrneral St. Paul San Juan de Dios Sah Lazaro Mary Johnston ChurchesCathedral St. Augustine Jesuit Quiapo Sc. Paul San Sebastian Aglipay Cathedral Episcopal Cathedral MurketsDivisoria Quiapo (Quinta) Azcarraga (Oulumbayan) Yangco Paco BanksPhilippine National Bank Postal Savings Bank Monte de Piedad 1-'orks. PlaygroundsLuneta Mehan Garden. the Zoo Sunken Gardens Jose Rizal Memorial Stadium (I'le1111r· t•ll'n to /)Cl!J<! 298) 290 THE YOUNG CITIZEN November, 19J6 AMONG THE BOY SCOUTSBy Ricardo de la Cruz A Scout HOW CAN YOU BE ONE OF US? (Continued from th~ October issue) 8) Associution with own age and older The values of the meetings, the socials and the public events lies in part in accustoming the young man to meet and associate with people of his own age and older. Such associations tend to equip the young man for adult life. They are of great value in aiding normal growth and upward reaching. They may effect th< destiny of a life. 9) Leadership Opportunities with younger Fellows Even as "Necessity is the Mother of Invention" so responsible leadership of hers is a great developer and "releaser" of Ability. The Scout Troop, the Cub Pack. the Senior Circle, the Sea Scout Ship afford chances for young men to serve, through giving leadership to younger fellows. This experience should and does tend to up-grade the young leader as well as those led. 10) Definit<> Citizenship Contacts in the Community Life . - The whole experience of Senior and Rover Scouting should make. for citizenship values. The whole method is promising chances to make decisions for themselves--<hances to share in adult life--chances to initiate thing.=;, indeed the whole program as outlined is to be "self-propelled" with its motives coming from within and reaching out in voluntary service-all these practices point toward good citizenship. The discussions of problems of life and government, of international relationships, of economic adjustment, of home, industry, leisure-all these relate to citizenship. It is hoped, however, that the Rover Scout will reach beyond these significant values and seek to establish definite contacts with the governmental forces and political machinery of his own community. Certainly the stream of public life will not be purged by fine youth keeping away fr~m it. Rovers therefore should familiarize themselves with exact conditions and how tpings are done so that they may be participating citizens who are "'prepared" wheJl inducted into citizenship at 2 f. 11) ·Application of Scouting Ideals to Life The program of associations and activities of Seniors and Rover Scouting of course will be aimed at encouraging and aiding each young man to practice the life principles of Scouting in his daily affair!!!. Courtesy and friendly fair dealing. consideration and caring about others. practicing helpfulness and giving leadership--all these relate to the higher life, and leaders and Rovers alike are questing foi such values. Indeed, the Rover Gigil and the Investiture done when he feels "ready" are rela.ted directly to these Ideals. 12) Happiness-Fun--Enjoyment After all, the quest for the high levels of life must be a '.'jolly" quest-a happy adventure-so that all Rovers are to give happiness which is the one sure way to get happiness. Whil~ these young men are purposeful and helpful. they must also be hopeful and joyful. A LAST WORD As was stated at first, Rover Scouting is grownup Scouting-its ideals applied to the widened problems of older years. It is a way of living, a way of developing Character and Intelligence Handcraft and Skill Health and Strength Service for others 3.nd Citizenship Happy. joyous associations. quests for truth and chances to serve, love of and mastery over the outof-doors. fitting helpfully and responsibly into the community life, glimpsing the vistas of eternal truth• but seeing them as related to human needs and possibilities that is something of the spirit of Revering. "A jolly brotherhood of the open air and service'' which would leave its community and its. ag~ enriched and responsibly transmitted even as With the Athenian youth's sacred pledge: "W c will never bring disgrace on this, our cit·1. by an act of dishonesty or cowardice. "We will fight for the ideals and Sacred Things of the city both alone and with many. "We will revere and obey the City's Laws, and will do our best to incite a like reverence and respect in these above Us who are prone to annul them or set them at naught. We will strive increasingly to quick on the public's sense of civic. duty. "Thus in all these ways we tuill transmit. LL'e • will transmit this city. not only net loss, but greater, better, and more beautiful than it was transmitted to. us." -From the "Scout Executive Report, 1933. Not)etnber, 1936 THE YOUNG CITIZEN ~~;:c;.~~-~--~, 1~ A Police Officer By RESTITUTO CARPIO • (What u;ould you do if you.UJert:' a police officer and your son ha.:1 i.;iolated a traffic regulation right under your very nose? Keep this · thought in mind as you read this s.tory through. Be able to ansUJer the questions at the end u;ithoul goin{i back to the story.) It was about eleven of a Saturday morning when I went down ~o the Divisoria Market to buy vegetables. fish. and meat for lunch. I called a carretela and told the coch~ro to take the street I pointed to him. He objected saying, "I cannot: this is a one-way street. "Never mind," I raid him: "I'm responsible." "You had better call another carretela." he said as he laid his hand; on my purchases to rake them ou-.:. adding iri the same cone of voice, "I might if the traffic officer on that corner is not very strict: his word is almost law: he has pardoned no one yet. No. sir. i won't." "But I'm his son," I boasted. "Then you're responsible, Sir?" "Most assuredly," I answered. We had nor gone verY far, however, when I heard the shrill sound of a whistle. The cop came up to us, motioned the cochero to the curb, and said softly. ''Your license. please." "Very well." the officer said. "come along with me just the same.'' The trio went to the municipal court, and when the judge had heard of the case, he was surprised. But the police officer paid the fin~. QUESTIONS I. Why did che policeman p.ay rhe fine~ 2. Why do you think the judge was surprised? 3. Do you know of a person who made use of the official position of his friends or relatives for his convenience? Relate the story without mentioning names. 291 Ke.epfng the School Clean (A Civic Duty) By Cesario Llobrera Ir was a rainy day. The soil was very muddy. Four boys decided to play outside of the school building. They enjoyed · playins: in the rain. They were Mariano. Celestino, Felix. and Alfredo, all sixth grad•: boys. They went around tht! grounds, looking for a good plact to play handball. · At last one of them suggested. "let us play. at the back part of the building.·· "Thar is a fine place. The wall of the building is wide and smooth. Besides. ~here is not much standing water," added Alfredo. So the four classmates went co the back yard and played the game. They did not know thac the bal!. as it bounced on the ground, carried wich it mud. After two mi· r.utes of play, the wall of the building was full of mud that looked like brown bubbles. The boys diJ not know that they were destroy· ing the beauty of the building becJuse they were very much interest· ed in their game. They continued playing. Soon the rain stopped and the children went out to the schoolground. A group of them was composed of Nitmesio. Candido, Eleuterio, and Aniceto. They were sev · enth grade pupils. They saw th2 sixth grade boys finishing their game. Led by Candido, rhe seventh (Contin11ed on vane !!99) "Ir was I. Father," I broke in, "who asked him to take this way, because it is the shortest one home." •Teacher of Character Education. 4. Someone has said, "I love my friend. but I love justice more. What does this mean? 292 THE YOUNG CITIZEN .Vovemb1•1·, 19.'JI; T~ANKS61VIN6 L)}ric by Lulu de ~. p., ~usic h)} I. Alfonso ~U J J I J *' J JI J -) J ; I J ,; J ll l f., ~"" - t\., . r<>h' "-"d ,old-en sun., for houn of r<'5~ a.r1d. cl")" of fun, for !:. le>u~~- ;n~ ,; II. anJ rn&a- Jows cirecn, lbr moun- tCLin h<i~!-1-.. ·,n !""'·pl• .I.ten, for r b P I ;J } J ' J J I J fruib ..,,J f low'r> anJ ~ir4s o.nd b•e~, We. lha~k Th • ." Lord on b<nJ - t:d l:.ntRs, for I J ]J j p J ) ,-,.,,C' ... :;;--i F p ; JLI -~ lane.'), 1o-day.our Lord w• ~ive our tha.n k~. Kiko's Adventures- by gilmo baldavino .\'011cm.ber, J!JJG THE .YOUNG CITIZEN 293 . [~?ssY PAGE by conducted II gilmo. baldovino~ The Young Citizen Stamp Club GREGORIO DEL PILAR Stamp ~ollecting is an interesting l;obby. It is a hobby that more pE"ople follow than any other hobby. At present, among the most popular stamps are those stamps which picture airplanes. These stamps are known as airmail stamps. Do you know what airmail sr;.mps are for? Regular stamps art issued to pay postage on litters carried bf several kinds of transportation as the trains; automobiles, trucks or ships. Now, airmail stamps are issued to pay postage on letters that aie carried by planes. But there is another purpose in issuing these airmail stamps. W)len aviators did some heroic deeds. stamps are issued to honor them. In the year 1927, Charles Lindbergh bravely flew across the Atlantic Ocean. It was Spain, three years after this flight of the· ""Lone Eagle," that issued a one peseta airmail stamp. This stamp carries the picture of Lindbergh, the plan\? '"Spirit of St. Louis'" and the Statue of Liberty in the harbor of New York. Some airmail stamps show scenl.'."s of a country. An airmail stamn from Greece is an example of the;e stiimps. This stamp Shows a large mail and passenger plane flying over the ancient ruins of. Ath:?ns. It is interesting to coJ.lect "these airmail stamps. These stamps show all kinds of planes. An airmail stamp trorh the country of Latvia shows a plane which was built in 1903 by the Wright Brothers. The \\'right Brothers are the first t~o Americans that built the first sur.cr~sful plane in che ·world. These two brothers art ohen called the Fathers of Fli~ht. WHAT IS YOUR HOBBY? Is your hobby collecting books, stamps, dolls, coins, stones, leaves, fruits, aquarium fishes; making albums, studying nature, music or dancing; making things with your tools or with your needle; taking pictures, drawing or painting? Or do you have some other hobby? Write a letter to The Young.Citizen's Hobby Page teUing about your hobby. Remember, this is your own page-let us mako? it a good one. ' Address your letter to The Young Citizen'B Hobby Page c/o Community Publishel-s, Inc., 405 Padre Faura, Manna. Give! your name, address and age. \Ve. will greaUy appreciate it if you will send us your snapshot and a picture of your hobby. All letters or pictures about your hobby ·will be published and answered in this page. (Cont.inuecl from p:igc 28-5) treated his captives kindly such that .at one time a captive "said, '"I foci as tho I were at home in my captivity." His respect . for justice and u~ righteousness was shown when his elder brother accidentally· ran over an old wom~n "with a bicycle h~ was riding. Upon learning, of t~e incident he ordered his brother to see the old woman and offer an apology or 0 else he would be dis· missed from the service ~nd sent to prison. His elder brother was at that time a· colonel in his brigade. His respect for the rights of others was embodied in his order to his soldiers who were strictly forbidden never to rob. plunder, or violate women. Such were the virtues of this '"young general" and for them we should love, honor, and respect his memory. He died. Dec. 19, 1898 at th< battle of Tila Pass. a hero's death. One of the most beautiful air- On his diary was found this quorr.ail stamps that was issued recent- ration written just before he ditdly is the Trans-Pacific Airmail stamp. This stamp was issued only "I am surrounded by odds that will several months ago. This was is- soon overpower me and my ·braye snt.'d to commemorate the flight of men. but I am content in the the China Clipper chat successfully thought that I die fighting for my crossed che Pacific 9cean. Have you many airnlail stamps in your collection? And Can you name all che planes they picture? The Young Citizen Stamp Club which is the title of this column is the Young Stamp Collectors' own page. Our Stamp Editor will b..! glad to answer any questions you may wish to o:sk regarding stamps. In your letter, please enclose a self. addressed stamped envelope. country. He was certain of his death at that battle but his courage never failed him. Inspired by his loyalcy and devotion to duty, ea.ch of his sixty soldiers faced death as calmly and willingly as thci-r illustrious general. For his bravery GenCl"al March buried him with the military honors that was due his rank. May· our youth follow his unselfish devotion to his country. 294 THE YOUNG CITIZEN Novcnibor, 193t.' MOTHERS' GUIDE IN CARE or: CHILDREN ALL our lives and in all our undertakings, we need heat and energy. At work. at play or even at rest, (in fact. even while sleeping) we use heat and energy. As long ~s our hearts beat we need to keep the normal tempuature of our body. [t is this heat and energy that keeps us warm. The train. the ship and the airplane all need heat and energy to keep them going. So does our body need the same to keep ns warm. comfortable and energetic. Unlike these inanimate things which do not need heat and energy while at rest, cur body consumes heat and energy even when not in motion. This is explained by the fact that those ma~hines are steel--cold when at re~t. while our body is normall Y warm even while sleeping. While gasoline is the mains~ay of these machines for their fuel (or heat and energy) cereals are the chief . stuff that furnishes our body with heat and energy. Cereals are our chief recourse for the supply of heat and energy prod~cing foods because they are the cheapest of all sources of carbohy: drates. They are also the most plentiful, easy to p.repare and delicious at the same time. H_ere · are some favorite cereal dishes which even children may try. They are apptopriate for desserts. for "meriendas" and for simple Nepa parties. THE !toung titiitn PANTRY SOME CEREAL DISHES Miss Juliana Millan • . Mango Guinatan cup rice cup malagkit (glutinous rice) Y4 cup mongo 2 Yz cups sugar 2 cups coconut- milk. I 0 cups water Boil the water. Mix the rice and malagkit. Sort, winnow and wash. toasting the corn. Note: If the mixture thickens, add some more watei to hrive the desired consistency. Different kinds of rice have variable swelling capac· ities. Those that have been rip· e-ned for over a year or so. swells more th.in the newly harveste.d ones. .Puto Maya cup rice cup malagkit (glutinous rice) table spoons pirurutong (colored rice) sugar grated coconut Add to the boiling water. Sort and Mix the rice, malagkit and piruwash the mongo. Toast in a hot. rutong together. Sort, winnow anJ carajay or frying pan. Press with wash. Put as much water as when the rolling pin (an empty bottll! cooking rice and boil. Cook in the will do. if no rolling pin is on same manner as when cooking rice. hand) to break loose the skin. Winnow and add to the boiling mixture. Stir. Wet a cup or a gelatine mould with water. Fill it two-thirds full Break the coconut and get the with cooked preparation and press water. Grate the meat and extract lightly with the spoon. Wet the the first milk (kakang gata). Re- end of the spoon or the blade of serve. Add the coconut water and a thin knife and scrape arourid the some· faucet water to the grated sides. Invert in a saucer and serve meat. Extract 2 cups of milk. Add with grated coconut and sugar on to the mixture on the stoves and the top. stir. Add the sugar. Cook until This may be served by itself or the rice and mongo are tender. together with "alpahol" or "guiServe in deep saucers and put about natan halo-halo." one teaspoon of the first milk on the top. This adds to the attrac- Some common abbrevia.tions used tiveness and improves the flavor. for recipes are: Corn Guinatan c. for cup Substitute the same amount of • Teacher of Home Economics, Emi- shaved young corn for the mango. tbsp. for tablespoon tsp. for tea spoon lb .. for pound lio Jacinto Elementary School. Proceed in the same manner without qt. for quart 'l'HE YOUNG CITIZEN BUREAU OF EDUCATION Division of Negros Oriental District of Bais Bais Elementa1·y School The Editor The Young Citizen 405, P. Faura, Manila Dear Mr. Editor. Bais. Sept. 28, 1936 You may publish the following facts in your news column. Every school in the municipality of Sais is a regular subscriber for The Young Citizen. Also. eve1y class in the Bais Central School is a regular subscriber for The Young Citizen. You can rest assured that the growing popularity of your magazine in ou; schoOI will al - ways be supported not only by the teach~rs, but also by che pupils. The primary classes are using the magazines as their regular supple· mentary readers. We have several bound copies of The Young Citizen in our library. and we are certainly very proud to have them. Nearly all my materials for opening exercises in my class are taken from Thi! Young Citizen. I can tell you that The Young Citizen is among the favorite magazines of the intermedi"te pupils during our, library classes. Dear Mr. De.Rama: Sincerely yours, PEDRO DE RAMA Librarian Thank you uery much for your very encouraging news. Suggestions for possible improvement of The Young Citizen will be appreciated. Hda. Sta. Florentina Ba is Central School Sept. 28. 1936 Dear Aunt Alma. With great pleasure I 'shall tell you about our library work in Bais Elementary School. We have Mondays for newspaper reading. We have lots of fun in reading newspapers. How w~ enjcy reading them! We have plenty of newspapers. We subscribe for the Manila Daily Bulletin. Tribune. Herald. Monday Mail. The Free Press, Na tu re Magazine. Young Citizens, Commonwealth The Young CitizM Advocate and Pathfinder. On Tuesdays we have encyclopedia work and extensive reading. We look up references in history and other subjects. On Wednesdays we have appreciation work. We read poems, cut clippings, and pictures that are r~ lated to our lessons. On Thursdays we have dictionary work. We look up meanings of difficult words in our textbooks. We also look up their accents. spelling, and diacritical marks. On Fridays we have preparatory work. We have to prepare our lesYOUNG WRITERS MY FRIEND Remedios M. Cuevas 295 San Sebastian Elementary School Of all the friends I 0have, I hav< selected one whom I consider the best. She is also studying in this school. She is smaller. than I am. Her hair is bobbed and· her curls are natural. She is thin and pale, but her smiling fact make her at. tractive. We are often together. We were classmates in the fifth grade but.When we passed to six B. she was accelerated to Six A. I don't envy her. Instead I am thankful to our Lord that she was acceltrated, only I am _wor_r~ing very much that she might forget· me. No, she told me that a true friend would never forget. One Sunday, she went to our house and asked my mother to permit me to play the whole day in their house. But I won't go for I was too shy to face her mother. She forced me to go for she said we are like sisters. I love her because she is kind-hearted and she never tell~ anything that will hurt my feelings. sons for the following Monday. This library work is a new class activity in our school. We hope it would be successful: · Yours respectfully, Consuelo Changco Df!ar Consuelo, You should be congratulated for having a well-equipped library. I am sure you will learn to find information in reference books and de-velop a desire to read and read and read because of the carefully planned library lessons you take. Your school must be an up-to-dat2 one. And your librarian, ·your u:achers and principal deserve recognition. I w!°sh you and your school sueCPSS. Aunt Alma 296 HEALTH YOUR TOE NAILS THE YOUNG CITIZEN THE MONTH OF NOVEMBER November, 1931; The word November was de- appeared before Bellerophon. Sh~ rived from a Latin word which gave him a golden bridle with meant nine because November WJ'j which to bridle the wonderful t:he ninth month in the old Roman winged horse Pegasus. Pegasus was When Manuel had to be absent calendar. perfectly white and as swift as the for two weeks from his classes be- Jllpiter, the ruler of gods and wind. He came down to the earth cause of a swollen foot, everybody men, was honored by the Romans only to drink at a Certain spring. was surprised. with a festival on the thirteenth of Bellerophon hid near the spring "Why did he develop a sor~ foot?" the pupils asked, "when h..? is always clean and never walks barefooted~·· Manuel had been one of the A- I children because he always observed health rules he has learned at school. His hair was always smoothly combed, his ears and neck free from traces of dirt. his clothes neat and clean. He had never gone out without his heavy shoes on. November. Jupiter was fatherly to and watched for Pegasus. When men but when angered, his punish- the horse stooped to drink. Belleroment was terrible. · The following phon sprang upon him and bridled story shows how swift and sure his him. Minerva's bridle at once mad!! p1.<nishment was. In a city in Ancient Greece there was once a horrible monster with the head of a lion, the. body of a goat, and the tail of a dragon. This animal breathed out firP. which was very poisonous. It was called the Chimaera. At a meeting of heroes in a Grecian King's court, Bellerophon, a brave soldier. was assign~J the task of killing the Chimaera. the: horse gentle. Riding on Pl!gasus through the air. Bellerophon found himself in a few seconds over the home of the Chimaera. Swooping upon it. Bellerophon easily slew the monster. But there was one thing about While thinking of a plan as t.J His success made Be11erophon proud. Soaring toward the sky. he frlt like a god and decided to join the gods at Olympus. His prid~ angered Jupiter. The ruler of the gods then sent a gadfly to sting Pegasus. The horse reared up and threw Bellerophon on the earth b~ low. the care of the feet that ManUel had how he would accomplish his task, overlooked. He washed them morn- l'vlinerva, the goddess of wisdom, ing and evening. He cut his toenails once a week. But he did not cut the nail of his big toe as carefully as he should. He trimmed the upper part but he neglected the corners. He found out that he had an ingrowing nail only after infcction had set in. In practicing heahh rules, one forget to cut their toe nails. They must pay attention to the seeming- realize the importance of the feet ly small matters as well as to th.? cnly when they are prevented from important. Many boys and girls walking because of an infected nail wash their faces and hands but not or a painful corn. Can you ever their feet. They trim and polish enjoy. anything in life-food, game. their finger nails. but they often luxuries-with a sore toe? Nvvembrr, l!JJ6 THE YOUNG CITIZEN ~;;;GIRLS! ;~OF OTHER LANDS f ~ i· ~ blf gilino baldov<no g .~ .. ~ .. ~">'!'~.-."'T"'"')"'.'.,.~,..,.;."',","'~<j'#:'.,.~""'.>'."'711"'~"'>~ SIAM ':: HA VE you ever seen a Siamese in the Philippines? Perhaps you have seen one but you really do not know if it was a Siamese or a Chinese. Most Siamese look like the Chinese: some look like Malayans. Siam is a small councry located south of China. Much of the country of chis nation is a greac riv~·r delta. Siam is a rice producing councry. There are so many rice fields chac if you stand in one end cf the fields you cannot see when! they end. They resemble a great ocean of green. In this country, boys and girls have brown or yellow skins. They h~ve flat faces with high cheek bones. Their eyes are dark while their hair is straighc and black. Siam is a hot country. People who do not live in cicies wear very little clothing. And because of chis hoc climate, in some parts of th'! country, children are left alone co play with no clothes ac all. The simplest and mosc popular way of clothing oneself in chir. country is to twist a strip of colored cloch around chc waisc. Most of the Siamese houses ar:? built of teak wood. As floods arc frequent in this country. the houses are conscrucced high up on stilu. The Siamese boys are hPlpful. They help their parents in plowing the fields. Most of them take care of the water buffaloes or carabaos. The Siamese are religious. Their cemples are among the wonders of the world. Their religious ceremonies are very differenc from ours. MOONLIGHT PRANKS (Continued from vagc 279.) were many interesting sword fights accompanied with merry music. The courageous soldiers were always given their due reward. Each characcer spoke very clearly in the dialect. funny portions of the play: Love me. oh love for bold and brave one I. When each corner gets dark sending me on errands don"c cry. But when I hear the clatter of our china plates, We were very much satisfied with lhe "moro-moro" that we even re- Like lightning I run lest no more peaced some of the selections on our food be lcfc. way home. We selected only the For I am Mr. Frog. 297 Incredible, But:-ey A. B. L. R. Proporcionall y, more Filipinos during the Spanish times marry than at present. Francisco Balagtas suffered financial IOsses in the publicacion of his immortal masterpiece .. "Florance at Laura.'· Few read his book and those who read it criticized it bitterly. It was only fifty years later. When he was already dead, that the public began to appreciate and realize the greatness of "Florante at Laura." In Benguet, Mountain Province, t..;ere are caves which contain mummies placed -there in a squatting position. Those caves were used bv the mountain people as burial pl.1ces and the mummies which could still be found there prove that several hundred years ago, they already knrw the science of embalming. During the Spanish regime. on big celebrations or "fiestas." along the street which is now called Escc.lta in Manila, the Governor General and the Archbishop were escorted by a procession. This gave the name Escoltil (escort) to Manila's most famous street. During the Spanis.h times, a foreign commercial house once offered to answer for all the expenses of the Philippine government provided ic was granted the tobacco monopoly in the Islands. Son of his highness, the Count Short ~'hen I fail to drink buri sapAftcr you I s~all run amuck. I am Sir Cucumber Who went hither and thither All I'm looking forIs Sir Onion who can'c be found here. We laughed heartily at the jokes cc.,ntained in the selections. Wt?. reached home very happy. 298 Bobby! Watson was Convinced Bobby Watson is a boy actor. He is only five years old yet he was given a good part in Mary of Scotfond. During the filming of this picture. Bobby stage a one-boy revolt. He was handed a costume which he was to wear in his role. This role happened to be an English peasant boy. The costume is like a smock or a skirt belted in at the waist. Bobby refused to wear ir. ·He thought it looked like a girl's dress. They insisted Bobby to wear it. But he simply will not put on a costume that is very funny. Then SEE THE PHILIPPINES FIRST (Continued from page 28.9) Osmeiia Park Cavite BouleVard Shopping DisrricrEscolta Rosario Rizal Avenue Factorieslce Plant San Miguel, ROyal Magnolia La Insular Cigar Fai::tory _ Madrigal Cotton Mills Insular Lumber Yard !'ofice and Fire StationsLuneta Police Station Meisic Pako, lntramuros, Sta. Cruz, San Nicolas Fire Stations, and stations in other districts. Shou.J HousesMetropolitan Lyric Capitol Ideal State Grand Fox Grand Opera House CemeteriesDel Norte THE YOUNG CITIZEN FREDDIE BAl!_THOLOMEW he cried. They even offered him boxes of candy which he refused to take. , John Ford, who was direccin~ this picture". saw what W<:~ wrong. He took Bobby over to the Loma Chinese Del Sur .(Makati, Rizal) Miscellaneous- , Intramuros, walls, gates Fort Santiago Ai'chbishop's Palace Government Trading Center Turuban Railway Station Merako Pier Seven Telephone Company Garbage Disposal Plant Dear readers, through your so· cieties, scout, pioneer. campfire and other school organizations plan your educational excursions now with your teachers and princiPal. Let us know our country mor~ by visiting her interesting places and institutions. Let us admire th~ beauties of her sceneries: let us know the progress and the needs of our communities and our neighbors so that we may better help in our country's growth and development: let us put our NEPA principles into actual practice. Let us see the Phil~ ippines first. November, 1931; Freddie Bartholomew Hollywood is making a new picture caIIed Captains Courageous. Freddie Barth?Iomew is the star in this picture. This is something new for Freddie. This is something new for us also. He has not appeared in any sea picture before. Did I say Freddie Bartholomew? Yes, I did. · Remember him as a boy king in Professional Soldier!' And have you seen his recent picture that was shown in the Stare Theatre? It is called Little Lord Fauntleroy. That is his best picture ever seen in the Islands. A. month agO. Freddie came home from New York. When people saw him get off from the train in Los Angeles, he. wa~ . wearing a captain's yatching hat. He said, "I've gone nautical!'' Children, that means freddie feels like a seaman. dressing room of Donald Crisp. Donald Crisp is a grown-up actor. And Bobby admires Donald very much. Bobby stopped. He saw his friend dressed in the same costume he refused to wear. He dried his eyes. Crisp explained, ''Scotchmen wore kilts like this in the old days." "All right," said Bobby. ''I'll wear 'em if you will." THIS EARTH OF OURS (Contintced from page 277) Choose the correct answer. Check your answers by reading the story again. I. The surface of the earth is (smooth, uneven). 2. The center of the earth is (cold, hot) .. 3. The outside layer of rock has b~en (shrinking. expanding). 4. Mountains may be caused by (fire. volcanoes) . · 5. ----- - - - and - - - break down rocks into fine pieces. 6 .. There was a time when the tops of mountains were at the bottom of the sea. True. False. November, 1936 THE YOUNG CITIZEN WHY NENE WAS THANKFUL ful. (Continued from page 276) "Charing! But you will have need it for her special Thanksgiv- sl"uffed turkey and chicken stew ing dishes." and salad and fruits! That must "What will you have for din- be a wonderful dinner. alchough ner?" Charing asked. I do not know how the dishei; "We shall have fried camotes .. t~ste." stuffed baii.gos, and lumpia. Moth- "Wonderful? I wish I could eat er got big camotes from bet plot. dinner with you." Charing's tone I shall pare and slice t~em and my was wistful. mother will fry the. shces. .. "That must be delicious!" ex- . W,hy not, do stay~ Charing," claimed Charing. cmd Nene held ·her friend by the "We cannot stuff anything else arm. but baiigos," Nene continued. "But "I can't. ·1 was brought homo? I like its stuffing of onions and to- co eat that old turkey with the rest ma toes." of the family: I have to be going." "It would be like a picnic, · Charing kissed Nene lightly on the Charing remarked. cheek and turned sadly homeward. "You remember the big coconut Nene watched her friend walk palm we had near the gate? That slowly away. was blown down last week. Moth- "So rich people's food does noc er got the bud and she will, make taste good, after all," Nene murit into lumpia. They say it is very mured. "I know I must be lhankgood." Nene's eyes brightened a!. ful for nothing is so good as fried she spoke.. camotes and stuffed bai;gos and "Yes, Nene. even my mother lu.mpia. Lumpia! Nene's mouth says so," Charing agreed. "I see watered at the thought of her fayou will have a real holiday din-. \•orite dish. which she could have ner." Charing's voice was mourn- only once in many, many months. KEEPING THE SCHOOL (Continued ffflm pa.ge 1491) grade boys ran to the players. 299 Candido shouted, "stop playing." "Don't you see what you have done?", asked Aniceto. pointing to tho dirty wall. Nemesio did his part by grabbing the ball from Mariano. Mariano was about. to serve. The boys who played; in the rain W£re reported and shortly after~ ward, they were seen scrubbing the wall themselves. Felix said, "We should have fin~ ished that game had it not been for rhose four boys.'' Celestino answered, "As for me, not playing at all is better than scrubbing this wall. We really made it very ugly to look at." They realiZ.d after all, that the school should be kept clean. By keeping the school clean, they were doing an important civic duty. ''Poor Charing!'' she thought :ts she stooped to gather the fuel. KEEP YOUTH Foot-Happy in lPJIEtlDJPJLJIE~S Slllll[11DJIES LADIES Graceful, colu1·ful shoes and · sandals, COMFORTABLE, ECONOMICAL and FLA HERING TO YOUR FEET CHILDREN Durable, comfortable shoes. Built to withstand rough wear and tear. DISPLAlj ROOMS: 123 ESCOLTA Factory 98-118 Soler, Manila Phone 4-97-86 2-63-38 MEN Of the Style in vogue. All sizes. The Season's Lateilt Styles Now on Display at our ESCOL TA STORE }00 THE YOUNG CITIZEN The Message This Month / T~ANKSGIVING DAY When we receive something from some ope we usually say, ''Thank you." Why? Because the habit of saying it shows that we are grateful and courteous. One who does not say ''thank you" for a favor done to him is not polite; he is rude. Usually every year the last Thursday of November is set aside as Thanksgiving Day. This is a custom of the American people which we followed. It is a beautiful custom because it makes us all, as one people, say "Thank you" to God for all the things that we have received. As school children we have many things for which we are thankful to God:J<'or our father and mother who take care of us. They give us food, clothes, home, and love. They send us to school so that when we grow to be men and women we would be able to take care of ourselves . .B'or our health which makes us able to do many things. We enjoy life--we can play, we can go to school, and we can help our parents in their work. Because of these things we are happy. For our friends who play with us. For the schools where we go every day to learn many things that make us good citizens. For our teachers who patiently teach us to become men and women. For everything that makes it possible for us to live with health and happiness. This year Thanksgiving Day will be on November 26. But let us be thankful not only for one day but every day of the year. -DR. 1. PANLASIGUI N ovt:mbcr, J!IJ(J For twenty years the fine:;t homes in the l'l1Uippines have been proud of their Manila Installment Co., lnc.'s furniture. Our firm is not a second hand furnit11r<' d<'aler, in fact, EX' flavc desi~TUffB and first class cm·p:onters w/10 create modern ful"nit[~. e for our customers. MANILA INSTALLMENT CO., INC. 407-411 Platerias Manila, Philippines .JAMES STEVENSON, Mgr. Telephone 2-22-0-1 THE PSYCHOLOGICAL MET'HOD of deveioping ideals in children is t'!l present specific traits of character in story form. Teachers of character education find difficulty in finding appropriate stories for different traits. This phase of the teacher's problem is now solved with the coming out of Stories on Conduct by Prof. I. Panlasigui The stories are taken from real life situations of Filipino children. IN RE~LT ADOllHS THE DIRECTOlt OF EDUCATION MANILA. P. I, COMMONWEAL TH OF THE PHILIPPINt:'S DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION BUREAU OF EDUCATION MANILA September 21, 1936 The Community Publishers, Ino. 405 Padre Faura, Manila Gentlemen; This is to advise you that fanlasigui' s Stories on Conduct has been approved as a supplementary reader in Grade v. A??•oval of this book will a,ppear in the forthcoming Aoademio Bulletin. 39047 The price is '1'1.60 net. This book i.• sold only by COMMUNITY PUBLISHERS, Inc. 405 Padre Faure Manila, Philippines