The Young Citizen: The Magazine for Young People

Media

Part of The Young Citizen: The Magazine for Young People

Title: The Young Citizen: The Magazine for Young People
Issue Date: Volume 3 (Issue No. 7) August 1937
Year: 1937
Rights
extracted text: AUGUST, 1937 f'<:f'~O I al? "· 3 This Magazine Is Approved by the Bureau of Educ.a.tion VOLUME: NUMBE:R 7 AUGUST • STORIES Joe, the Little DcLtclive- Aufm1iu <l1"1iuz .. Ester Learned a Le!'.~on-Eli1m Mcll'qm•.-: .. Why Pcdong Succeeded-Anfouio M111ioz Fifi-8. Hill CtlllOV(I • . ••.••••••••• • POEMS My Baby Brother-/J1 ·~11 rlr lei Pttz-<lfllirid 9 3 7 Daisies-Frank Demslrr Shffm<rn ........ . Mother Earth Awakens-Efist1 Mar11m•:: .. • CHARACTER AND CITIZENSHIP The Golden Star-/)o/orc·n Tc·11s111111 •.••••.•• Among the Boy Scouts-/lin11·do dt• la Cr11.? • HEAL TH AND .SAF.ETY He is Old Enough -<}11il'ic·o A. Cru~ ............ . Antonio- n. Hill. Crn/{)IJU • • • Rosauro and His Glas!'. of :\lilk-Blisr1 Mr1n11··rz • SCIENCE AND NATURE STUDY This Earth of Ours . . . . . . . . . . Hemes in the Animal Kingdom Plant:!> About Us The Bed Bug • WORK AND PLAY Quarrying Stone!; ro1· Buil•ling-Fm11cis,." Ct1rfmlfo The Good Rtadt'ri.:' Cornl'r Color These ..................... . Things To Do-11. flifl Cmwva ... . Alligator Lake-/o'or/111mf" A.'llfllrioll Jokes ......•........... · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · The Young Citizen Pantry-.1/i11s ./ulimw .Hilltw Kik~'s Adventures • MUSIC I 202 ). 204 .. 20!) 20(i 101 211 21!1 221 ::!22 222 ::!18 218 21!1 220 208 2111 214 2Hi 22·1 224 22Ci 228 The Raindrops-/. Alfo11so . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21li • PEN AND PENCIL CIRCLE • YOUNG WRITERS' SECTION Published monlhly by tlw Communily 1'11hlish1•rs. Ill(' .. "f<.'I. :i-.-18-8!1 •. 10;; P. 1'"am·:1. i\lanil:o, ~;;;~.~~~:~~~§~1~~i~;;~i1~:~fa!~.:~~~?!::~t1~b:'.~~~;~~~~1·t~~~~:;.~~~:~~~~i~~~!·ri~\~~~:~~ 811hseri1•tion Price: P3.00 for om• , .. "111· of 12 issw~s; S2.00 i!! lhe United Stutes 111\CI fol'eil!n oountri<'ll. Sin5:le eo1>y. 30 eenlavo~. Sub:<t!1·i11tim1~ ""' lo /,,. 1111id to C:om11•1.rnil" /1 11/11i.1hPr~. /.,,.. IH~ /v\ASAZINE FOR YOUNG Ft:OPLf A~1g11st, 19J7 THE YOUNG CITIZEN My Baby Brother Do you know my baby brother, He that brings us endless cheer? He with blue eyes, scanty hair 201 Such dainty lips that smile e'er wear? He with cheeks so chubby and pink, Pink little hands and heels that kick, C:ute li'l nose and a double chin, The sweetest one a stork can bring. He enjoys the sight of new friend, Around his crib of velvet green, He smiles to say "Hello, dear!" Or I'm so glad to see you here." Do you know that cute little boy. That brings a world of endless joy? He is my baby brother cute, A priceless treasure that can'.t be bought. -Lulu de la Paz-Gabi'iel 202 THE YOUNG CITIZEN August, JP.97 LITTLE STORIES FOR LITTLE PEOPLE Joe, The Little Detective By ANT0:-110 C. MUI"IOZ There are several characters in thiti story. Pick out the one you like best and be prepared to tell why you like him. 0 NE day an old woman reported to the principal of a school that the eggs in her hen's nest had been continually disappearing. She suspected a school boy as the one doing the mischief. "Why do you suspect one of the school boys?" asked the principal. "Because no other persons go near my home," replied the old woman. "Sometimes they play under my house." "Do. they. always go there?" again asked the principal. "Five of them are there every day," said the old woman, "and no matter how much I threaten them with a stick, they don't pay any attention to me." "Please give their names," requested the principal. After the old woman had given the names of the five boys, the principal called the janitor and told him to get them from their classes. •'On my way here," said the old woman,. "I went downstairs to see if the remaining eggs were there. I found out, sir, that another egg was again missing. l counted four before I ate my dinner and now there are only three. The boys were there before school began this afternoon." Just then the janitor came back with the boys named by the old woman. They giggled and whispered to each other when they saw the old person whom they teased every day. "I'll call the roll and don't fail to say 'Present' when your name is called," said the principal to the boys. ''Juan.'' "Present." "Pedro." ''Pr'esent.'' "Felipe." "Present." "Tomas." "Present." "Pablo." No answer. .~ 11g1t8f, 19Ji THE YOUNG CITIZEN 201 "Pablo!" repeated the principal in a louder voice. "Absent," responded one of the boys. "Where is he?" he asked. "Sent out by the teacher for being tardy," said Tomas. "Aha!" exclaimed the principal smiling a little. "Boys," he said addressing the four before him, "why do you bother lya Sabel every day? I mean, why do you insist on playing at her home after she has driven you away? She has been losing egg's under her house. This afternoon another one was stolen. One t•f you must be the thief. What do you say?" "Not we," answered Tomas. "Pablo perhaps. You see, sir, he was tardy. · Why? He must have gone back to th~ house of lya Sabel after our games and ;·an away with the egg." "I guess so," the principal muttered. "Janitor," called the principal, "go and see if Pablo is in his class now. Ifhe is there, tell the teacher that I want to see him in the office." While this scene was going on in the office of the principal, a little boy about twelve years old was standing at the cioor. Nobody noticed him. He was there with a note from his teacher foi the principal but he did not deliver ii. for the principal was busy with the olrl woman and the boys. "What is it, Joe?" asked the principal. "It's a note from Mr. Torres," the boy replied. Just then the janitor came back with a boy who looked scared. "J4st wait a while, Joe," said the principal. "I'll be through with the~.e hoys very soon." "Pablo," he said addressing the neweomer, "were you at the house of Iya Sabel before school began this afternoon?" "Yes, sir, but I went home ahead of the other boys." "You came late to school, didn't you?" "Yes, sir." "And you came late because you went under the house of Iya Sabel and stole one of the eggs in the nest." "No, sir." "Why were you late then?" "I met my mother on the way. She was carrying two big bundles of soiled clothes. I had to help her although I knew that the bell had rung. When I reached the school grounds, all the pupils were in. Mr. Torres told me to stay out until the end of the first period." (/'/1•as1• fll/'11 lo w1gc 2.10) 204 T!IE YOUNG CITIZEN August, 11'-li READING TIME FOR YOUNG FOLKS Ester Learned a Lesson Miss ELISA MARQUEZ * "ESTER," cal.le~ the mothe_r gently, "Ester, it is about time now that you go to bed. Put that book down, dear, and run to bed like a good child." Ester looked at her mother with pleading eyes as she said with a smile. "Mother, may I not stay up for just half an hour more? This story is so interesting that I hate to break up its thought. Just half an hour more, mother." Mrs. Cruz, Ester's mother, loved her daughter so much that she did not want to hurt her feeling. But she did not want her daughter to disregard health rules, too. Ester was quite a bright girl but her health was rather poor. Of •Teacher, San Miguel Elementary School, Manila. course, Mrs. Cruz did not like Ester to get sick by staying up later than her nsual time for sleeping. Quickly, Mrs. Cruz thought of a plan to make Ester follow health rules willinzly and without complaints. She app1·oached Ester lightly and began, "Ester, like you, I, too, loved books very much. Indeed my love for books was so great that I hated to see the big clock point its hand to dinner time and bed. time. Your grandfather wanted me to obse1·ve a regular time for going to bed. But I was rather hard-headed. Without his knowledge I read and stayed up late. I did this until . . . " "Until what happened to you?" asked Ester whose interest was now centered ·vn the mother's story. "Until I felt that I was getting weaker and thinner. The worst part wao when I woke up one morning with a severe headache and fever." "Do you mean to say that you feli Reriously ill?" queried the sympathetic Ester. "Yes, child, I had to lie in bed for a long time. But the worst punishment I probably had was when the doctor told me not to read for a long time since my eyes were failing me. My health was also weakened." "That is rather hard. You must have suffered much," commented Ester. "Yes, dear, I really suffered much and (Plealie f!o'n to page 2;/0) .411g1ut, 1997 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 205 \Vhy Pedong Succeeded By Antonio C. Munoz Here is a father's story which was responsible for the success of a boy in his studies. Read it and find out why Pedong succeeded. 1 T was in the morning on the last Saturday of July when father, mother, and son sat at a table hardiy a foot high. A simple meal consisting of rice; fish, and chocolate was set on it. "Amboy," said the mother, "have you seen Pedong's card?" "No, I have not seen it," the father replied. The mother stood up and went into the room. . "Here it is," she said as she handed the card to her husband. The father looked at the card. It contained the first periodic rating. Pedong's average was 70. "Ay!" sighed the father after he had seen Pedong's grade. "It's the same old story." "What's the matter, Amboy?" asked his wife. "Why are you so pale?" "It's the same old story," repeated Amboy. "What story are you talking about?" the wife asked. "Please tell us about it." "Fifteen years ago," began the father, "I was a fifth grade pupil in the school where Pedong is now studying. I was then fifteen years old. One morning in July my mother handed my grade card to my father. It contained the rating for the month of June. My father looked at the card and th~n gave it back to my mother. He did not make any remark on the grade I got. Perhaps he was not interested in my studies. After my father had gone out· to hi8 work, I got the card to see my rating. The average at the bottom was 70. 'l'here was no encouragement from my parents and so every month my grad<! was getting lower. At the end of the year, I failed. My father did not even know that I failed. He. was not interested. "The following year I was not sent to school. I believed then that neither my father nor my mother was interest.id in my getting an education. To me it did not matter whether I went to school or ~tayed at home. "Time passed on very quickly. When I was eighteen years old, I married you, Maria, and the following year Pedong was born. "You remember that at seven we sent Pedong to school. Now he is twelvP and in the same grade in which I was when I was fifteen. "It was that 70 per cent rating which started the failure of my life. I say 'failure' because if I had continued my studies, I would have been a teacher now like my classmate, Sergio, or perhaps a doctor like my classmate, Paking. Both of these former classmates went on with their studies and now they are happy-happy because they can afford all the needs of daily life." (Please turn to page 2lfJ) 206 THE YOUNG CITIZEN August, 1.9.1':' FIFI (A Story) By B. HILL CANOVA FIFI was a pup, such a young pup. Miss Hoffman was a young businesswoman, a very busy young lady. Trudie was a little girl, a little German girl that lived in far away China. Now what do you think could happen to a very young pup, a little girl in China, and a busy woman? Miss Hoffman loved the outdoors but she had little time to enjoy the meadows of flowers, the woods, the streams, and the sun:shine. Her work kept her inside from early until late in the afternoon. It was her cus.tom to take a walk at dawn when the world was just waking for its day's work and play. Sometimes she dropped in on some friend for a cup of hot chocolate for breakfast and a brief visit. Sometimes as she passed a friend's home she teased by tossing snow balls on their roof to wake them. One morning as she was on one of these early strolls she heard something that sounded like the whimpering of a puppy. She looked about and, sure enough, right by the side of a stone wa~ a tiny pup, hardly bigger than a rat. Its tail curled tightly over its back as it shook and shivered with cold and hunger. Miss Hoffman could not take a pup to the office, neither could she leave the little thing by the side of the road to perish or to be run over by a vehicle. lt was so small that it just fit in the palms of her han<ls. "You poor little thing, I wonder if you have been cast away." She h·astened on and as she approached Trudie's house she called, "Yoohoo-yoo-hoo," long and loud. S h e smr smoke coming out of the chimney and knew someone must be up, at least t h e cook. She turned into the yard, crept to the window, placed the puppy on the window sill and knocked on the wall. The knocking startled Trudie and she jumped quickly from her bed. When she saw the pup she shouted, "Oh, look, mother. Look in my window!" There on the outside of the window sill stood the curly tailed pup looking helpless and desolate. Miss Hoffman stood in silence against the wall to see what would happen next, Up came the window and out came a pair of little hands and took the pup inside. "Isn't it cute, mother, is it for me?" .'l11g11st, J,9J7 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 207 "I don't know where it could have come from. I thought I heard Miss Hoffman's call down the road but I cannot see anything of her." At this Miss Hoffman laughed and came out in sight. She told them how she had found the little cast-away. "May I leave it here for the day? I can't take it to the office and have no time to return home with it. If I advertise in the papers perhaps I can find out to whom it belongs." "Leave it here always, please, Miss Hoffman," begged Trudie. "Sure you may leave it," answere<l the child's mother. "Come in, we are about to have breakfast. This cold morning should have given you a real appetite." "I have had breakfast," replied Miss Hoffman, "but I can never refuse a cup of chocolate or coffee at your house." Before anyone could have· anything to eat Trudie insisted that Fifi, as she named the pup at once, should have some warm milk. The poor little thing war so young that it did not know how tL drink from a bowl. It looked as if it had been without food for some time and they were anxious for it to take something. Trudie held the tiny animal in her arms and her father used a medicine dropper and they fed the little thing it" first meal that way. With warmth anrl food the pup soon fell asleep. Trudie wrapped it in one of her doll blankets and tucked it snugly in the doll's cradle. "Look, it is like a real baby," she said as the pup's head rested on the small pillow. "It's like having a little brother or sister." "It is a dear little animal," agreed "the mother. "Shall we keep it?" "We must try to find its owner first. but if we cannot do that, then we must iet Miss Hoffman decide what she wantR to do with it," explained Trudie's 1)10ther. "If no one claims it, Trudie, I think vou would make a fine nurse for it. ~;hat do you think?" asked Miss Hoffman. "Yes, yes, I could nurse it very well." Miss Hoffman finished her cup of hot chocolate and had to hurry ori to hPr office. It was hard to get Trudie off tc school that morning-so enchanted was she with the little dog. As she went out the door she called, "Mother. please don't let Miss Hoffman find an owner for the puppy before I get hack from school this afternoon_." "It will likely be here when you return. Run along." (Pleast' t1•1-n to page 228) 208 THE YOUNG CITIZEN August, 19.'17 Quarrying Stones for Building By FRANCISCO CARBALLO With illustration, by the author , O',( ~/B r:carba/lo STONECUTTER'S TOOLS 1. Pick-kwatsoy 2. Sledge-hammer-maso 3. Ax-hammer-panglabra 4. Wedges-unyas 5. Hoe-----asarol 0 NE of the oldest occupations of man is quarrying stones for building purposes. Even before the time of Christ, nations of Asia, Africa, and southern Europe used stone for building houses, temples, walls to ward off enemies, and tombs for the dead. In Egypt, the Holy Land, China, India, Greece, Central and South America, and elsewhere, stone edifices now in rnins still stand as reminders of the patience and skill of the ancient quarry6. Bar-bareta 7. Shovel-pala 8. Measure stick-panukat 9. String for measuring-pising panukat men and masons who built them. With the coming of the Spaniards in our country, stone cutting was boosted and greatly developed along with various industries needed for the foundation of cities, construction of more substantial houses, churches, bridges, and fortifications. Quarries were opened in the suburbs of Manila and in the provinces and thousands of stonecuttere were employed. In places where good building stones were not available, coral August, 1937 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 209 stones and small rocks were used for walls and these were held together with plaster of sand and lime. Where stones could not be secured, bricks were used, and when neither stones nor bricks were obtainable in the locality, these were imported from other provinces. More expensive stones, however, were purchased from other countries. Most of the stones used in the construction of houses, churches, walls, and bridges in Manila and its suburbs were quarried at Maykawayan, Bulacan, and at Guadalupe, Makati, Mandaluyon, San Juan del Monte, in Rizal province. Let us visit a stone quarry in Guadalupe and watch the stone-cutters at work. As the men are not paid by the day but by the hundred of stones they cut, some of them start as early as six o'clock in the morning and dismiss at eleven. After brief lunch and rest they return at one or two in the afternoon and work till sundown. During sum· mer months some stone-cutters prefer to work early in the morning and late afternoon, or during moonlit nights to avoid the exhausting heat during the day time. Some men are working on a ledge above us for they have just c;pened a new yard or patio on the hillside of this tibagan (quarry). In a month or so as they dig downward, their patio will be fifty or sixty below the surface. We are now visiting a yard of this kind. On a leveled surface men usually work in pairs and divide their earnings on the fifty-fifty basis. One digs the groove of a big rectangular slice of stone 18 cm. by 5(1 cm. and about 4 or 5 meters long. His partner, using the steel wedges, drives six of these in one end of the slice, and with a few well aimed strikes, he cuts off a block of stone. From each block he knocks off with his hammer all protruding irregularities. When this is done, the other man smooths the surface of each block by . using his.sharp two-edged ax-hammer. Then the finished blocks are piled up in one corner of the quarry where the overseer will count them at the close of day. A stonecutter usually cuts from 50 to 100 stones a day for which he is paid from three to eight pesos a hundred, depending upon the size of stone he is cutting. On a Saturday afternoon he will go to the cabecilla's or manager's office to receive his week's salary. Deductions are made for money advanced to ·him · for food, clothing, refreshment, and the like. The 01·dinario size, 18 by 18 by 50 cm. being in general demand, is usually quarried. Other sizes for various uses, however, are also quarried according to Qrders. In the course of his diggings the stonecutter sometimes finds plant fossils and petrified trees which must have been imbedded in the stone by floods thousands of years ago. Where fossils are found, cracks and faults usually appear anrl these cause many blocks to be cast aside as waste. These together with chips and loose soil are sold for filling purposes. The stonecutter's work is not an easy one, and nowadays is not a regular occupation. In past years before the advent of concrete constructions, many quarries employing hundi·eds of men, were in full operation, and then building stones of different sizes commanded (Please twrn. to page 223) 210 THE YOUNG CITIZEN August, 19~17 THE GOOD READERS' CORNER GRADE ONE Draw a red line under the long words. Draw a green line under the short wor"ds. brother pencil think to mother brought father my at in angry for ~RADE TWO Conducted by Miss DOLORES SILOS • GRADE THREE 1. A goat has two ----2. A mouse has a long ----3. A cat has some ----4. A hen has a ----5. A pig has a - - - - GRADE FOUR Spell correctlyk ind Animals Answers Color n .. t 1. dove black y ... g 2. carabao brown ho ... t 3. ant white s u ..... e 4. mosquito red th .. g .. f.l FOR INTERMEDIATE GRADES Tangled Sentences By Mrs. E. A. ZAGUIRRE To the young readers: Below is a list 2. a city is now Cebu cf sentences the words of which are dis- 3. the suffrage The women Filipinc. arranged. Test your ability to under- granted been have vote right to or stand the meaning of each sentence by 4. discovered Miguel de Legaspi the rearranging the words it contains with- Islands Philippine out writing them. Do it mentall~·. 5. Filipino poetry the father FranThen write the word True or False a~ cisco Baltazar of was or Balagtas the case may be after the number that 6. grown mostly valley Cagayan the corresponds to each sentence. Tobacco in Example: Philippines the country an agricultural is. (When the words are rearranged the sentence will read this way: The Philippines is an agriculturai country. This sentence is true, so you will have to write the word True after the number.) Try the following exercises and see how many of them you can accomplish accurately. 1. Legislature called is the Philip· pines law-making the body of the present at 7. businessmen farmers a society bent: fit for founded Katipunan the was The of and 8. flew Atl~ntic Filipino across Calvo. and Arnaiz aviators the successfully Ocean 9. university study the graduate An school elementary can in . 10. produced the Philippines yet not i~ Cotton in (Please turn to pagt 22.:J for the answers) .lug1ist. 1937 • THE YOUNG CITIZEN 211 MEMORIZE A POEM A MONTH Do you keep your windows open at night. Do you ever look up at the sky while lying on bed"/ As you look at the twinkling stars, what thoughts come to your mind? Do you ever compare the stars to things that you see on earth"? Here is a poem about stars. But the title is "Daisies." Re ad the poem through and find out why this title i~ given to the poem. Daisies are white fiowers that look like white cosmos. Who is talking in the poem? Where is he when he sees the stars? What · name does he give to the stars? Which >ire the meadows of the night? As the child thinks of the stars, what appears in the sky? What does he think cf the moon? Read the third stanza carefully. Does the child see any star in the sky "·hen he wakes up in the morning? Recall the name that he gives to the stars in the first stanza. Where does he finrl daisies in the daytime? Can you tell now why he thinks that the moon is a lady that gathers the daisies in the sky? Try to see the different pictures in the poem in the order in which they arc given. Remember the words that describe the pictures. Read the poem aloud several times seeing the picture~ and hearing the words. Repeat until you can recite the poem. DAISIES At evening, when I go to bed, I see the stars shine overhead. They are the little daisies white That dot the meadows of the night. And often while I'm dreaming so, Across the sky the moon will go. She is a lady sweet and fair, Who comes to gather daisies there. Fo·r when at morning I arise, There's not a star left in the skies; She's picked them all and dropped them down Into the meadows of the town. -Frank Demster Sherman 212 THE YOUNG CITIZEN • August, J 9.1i CHARACTER EDUCATION SECTION The Golden Star DOLORES TENSUAN • THURSDAY afternoon. The intermediate clas~es had just been dismissed. Three boys stood on the corner of the streets menily joking one another, as they enjoyEd eating ice-drop. "Li - way - way! Li - way - - - way!" shouted a twelve-year-old boy as he ran along the street with a bunch of magazines tucked under his right arm. "There goes our classmate, Eduardo. He is selling 'Liwayway,' " exclaimed one of the three boys. "Yes, indeed," said the other. "That explains why he was absent this afternoon. What a liar! I heard him tell Miss Roxas this morning that he couldn't attend his classes in the afternoon because he. had to help his mother." * Washington Elementary School. "Is that so?" asked Pedro, the. talle;t of the three. "Come along, boys, let us run after him and mock him." "That will be fun,'' agreed the. other. They all ran after Eduardo, all the while shouting at the top of their voice<, "Li-way---way !" Pretty soon they overtook Eduardo. One held him by the collar, another snatched a magazine, while Pedro gave him a box on the arm and said, "Selling ·Liwayway, eh, and yet you very cleverly lied to our teacher this morning." "Stop, boys, leave me alone! Let me go! Give me back my magazine," angrily protested poor Eduardo as he wriggled away from their hold. · No, Ed, we won't let you go unless you give us an ice-drop blow-out," threatened Pedro. "Yes, do buy for us ten centavos worth of ice-dl"Op, Ed. Anyway, you have made a good profit by this time," seconded Jose. Just then the third boy saw the principal coming along. "Here comes the principal, Pedro. Let Eduardo go on his way!" ~houts the boy. The three left Eduardo who then peacefully went on with his selling. Friday morning. After the opening exercises, Miss Roxas, the teacher in charge of Seven B, asked, "Has anyborly .l11g11.st, 1937 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 213 something to report about a worthy deed done by a member of the "Good Behavior Club"? Nobody &nswered. Miss Roxas said. "Well, I'm sony to know that no member gets a star for good behavior today." Pedro stands and asks, "May I report on an act of misdemeanor done by one of the members, Miss Roxas?" "Certainly, you may, Pedro, provided of course, that you don't m e n t i o n names." "Well, do you remember, Miss Roxa~, that one of our classmates asked permiRsion from you yesterday to be excused from his classes because he had to help his mother?" asked Pedro. "Yes, I do. Why, what is wrong with that?" "Nothing, Miss Roxas, except that he told a lie. He did not help his mother but did something else," said Pedro. "He sold 'Liwayway,' volunteered Jose. "Li-way---way !" mockingly shouted t<nother boy imitating the m a n n e r Eduardo hawks his wa1·es. The class burst into laughter. Poor Eduardo bowed his head, bit his lips, and tried hard to keep back his tears. The teacher looked sharply at the class and it was quiet again. She lookell kindly at Eduardo and approached him. Eduardo very shyly looked up am\ vdth tears in his eyes said, "Excuse me, M.iss Roxas. I did not mean to tell a lie. I told you that I would help Mother. I really helped her earn money by selling 'Liwayway.' Father is dead and what mother gets by washing clothes is not enough for us.'' The teacher's eyes were moist and her voice was husky as she said, "I· understand the situation very well, Eduardo. I am very proud of you.'' Miss Roxas got a big golden star which was awarded only to the member who had done the noblest deed and placed it opposite Eduardo's name on the "Roll of Honor Chart." QUESTIONS 1. Does Eduardo deserve the golden star? Justify your opinion. 2. How should we feel towards boys i;nd girls who help their parents earn money? 3. Can you name persons who rose from poverty to fame and success because of their industry during boyhood 1 214 THE YOUNG CI rIZEN August, l!/.'Ji DRAWING LESSONS FOR LITTLE ARTISTS A 11gttst, 1987 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 215 words by Carolyn s. Bailey The Raindrops Music by I. Alfonso 1 •fi~r F 1 m 1 ~ r 1 r , 1 1 t ~ for .. w11"\ kle, Dai -5'-j/ c.lo-ver ? \! ? f j rl r I M~F J II +oo. Ti"\e'J j r. rOlf'\ and so mu5.f- '"JOU. WHY PEDONG (Continued from page 205) The father covered his face with his hands. When he looked up. his face was a picture of discouragement. ''Father,'' Ped on g said, "many people say that 'History repeats itself' but I promise that I'll do all I can to prevent the sad story of your life from repeating itself. I'll work hard in school tQ- make up what you failed tO do." "So be it, my boy, so be it." was all that the father could say. Pedong mad~ good his promist. As a result of his efforts. his ratings were better every month. At the end of the year, he passed the fifth grade with an average of 85. His father worked hard to support Pedong in his studies. Two years later, at the graduating ext"rcises of the elementary school, Pedong deliver<'d the welcome address. an honor given to the second best puP.il. HELPS FOR STUDY AND ENJOYMENT Why was the father very sad one morning? How did the father's story help Pedong in his studies? After Pedong had finished the seventh grade, do you think he con tin ue<l" his studies in tht high school? Why do you chink so? 216 THE YOUNG CITIZEN August, 199'i THINGS TO DO CHANGING PICTURES By B. HILL CANOVA Here are lhree incomplece pictures. Carefully follow the directions and you will have thi:: pictures of a book. a fence, and some steps. Directions: In picture Number l draw a straight line, connecting A and B. Notice how the book chJnges as you look at it. Sometimits it appears to open toward you. Again it seems to be open with its back toward you. In Pictur~ Number 2 you have some fen-:~ posts. You are to put the wire on the fence by drawing three -iig-zag lines. The first line conm:cts the nu~bers I, 2, 3, 4, 5. 6. The second line connects the numbers 7, 8. 9. 10, II. 12. With the third line connecc 13. 14. 15, 16, 17, 18. Now that the fence is finished. which ot the posts seem to be nearer to you-the ones marked X or those marked Y? \Vatch it for a while and see if the fence changes. appearin~ re have the X posts near and rhen the Y po!!t r.cc::r. In Picture Number 3 you will have some stair steps if you draw straight lines conneciing the O's, the P's, the Q's, ere. Pretend you are walking up the stairs. Do you step on the shaded surfaces or the unshaded surfaces? Sometimes it will appear that you should step on the· shadeci surfaces. but if you continue to watch the pictur•? Sllmetimes it will seem chat you would have to step on the unshaded surfaces. Try to make up a drawing of your own that appears to change. If you want to have some fun show these pictures to several of your friends at the san:ie time. Parr of the group will at once say the book is open to them ro read. Othen will declare that the book is open but has its back to them. Just as they get all excited in the argumrnt the picture will seem to change. Try this with your friends. PICTURE NUMBER l A B A 11guat, 1997 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 217 PICTURE NUMBER 2 PICTURE NUMBER 3 : 18 THE YOUNG CITIZEN August, J.? .. '7 ELEMENTARY SCIENCE SECTION THIS EARTH OF OURS HOW THE EARTH CHANGES Haw you ever wondered how old the earth is ( Perhaps even before you went to school you had asked your parents at home how this earth you live in was formed. There are some pcopfc whose special business it is to study the earth: they arc constantly observing the heavens. the rocks. and the oceans in their attempts to learn the age of the earth and the ways in which it was c!cvdopcd. These scientists will tell you that the earth is vuy old, that it iS probably not less than two billion years old. They will also tell. you that the earth is changing in many ways. Let us see what these changes ar::: When it iains you can sec soil find its way into small streams or rivers and may be carrii:d into bays or seas. When a volcano erupts it n:ay cover chr surrounding region or a portior: o[ ic with ashes or molten rock. Wind, running wacer or moving ice carries soil from one pa~t of the earth to another. from the highest land to the oceans. The air is nearly alwa}'.'i in motion and whenever it blows over a surface on which Chere is dust, some of the dust is picked up and blown to some other place. There arc two processes of changing the earth· s surface known as weathering and erosion. \\leathering is the process of changing rock inco soil wich the help of freezing water, growing (Plf•a,w l1•n1 fo pt1!J1' ;!J:J) HOMES IN THE ANIMAL KINGDOM THE BEAVER'S HOUSE What is the biggest rat that you ever o;aw? Try to ricture it again and ·see if you can imaginl' it to be much taller and heavier than the onl' y01~ s<:w. Then you will have a clear idea of what a beaver is. For the beaver is a big relative c1f mice and rats. These animals (and some others) an called rodents. Rodents have strong front teeth that arc very sharp and can cut even pieces of wood. The beaver is an industrious. strong animal chat can cut down a tree and build a house strong l'nough to srand in the water. Even if we do not find it in our country, it will repay us greatly to know everything about it for it is one of nature"s most skillful animals. It is found along strtams and ponds. Beavers like to eat bark: and since they cannot climb trees to get it. chcy chop down the tree.-:. They do this by slicing little pieces one at a time, making rnmr upward cuts and soi:ne downward cuts. so that the gnawed part slopes both war to a slender middle. When the beaver has taken out chips enough from all sides of the trunk, thr:. tree breaks at the slender part, and comes crash· i,ng down. The beavers then cue with their teeth the branches of the tree into smaller pieces: and part of them they use in building dams which keep the water around cheir houses from getting too low. Part of chc logs and sticks they use in building their houses. These arc rounded at the top. A11g11sl, 193i THE YOUNG CITIZEN 219 and the branches are piled. criss-cross. Then thl." beavers pack their walls thick with mud and water plants. Inside the house is a tidy smooth-walled room above water. This is a snug· and comfortable living room. There is a cellar under the floor of the living room. This cellar is full of water nearly co the top. There is a hole on the f100r cf the living room through which the beavers pass when they go down cellar. From the cellar there is a passageway that leads into the water of the pond. Of course an animal that builds dams and houses in the water and cuts down trees must have a special sort of body. Its front teeth as ycu already kqow are sharp and strong. Hi! ha:. a flat, wide. hairless paddle-shaped tail that i'> a help in swimming. The soft thick fur next his body is water-proof. His hind feet an: shaped for swimming. His front paws are used a~ hands in working. His mouth and ea.rs and nostrils are fitted with flaps that can be drawn so as to keep the water out. These are some of the things about his body chat make it possible for a beaver to be an expert builder of dams. some of which are strong enough to last a hundred years and more. As for his house it is suited to his needs and this wonderful rodent can be as comforrablc in hiS home as you c<1n be in yours. Mother Earth Awakens As from a profound slumber. Mother Earth has awaken: She was asleep all summer, In fields. meadows, and garden. She was parched all summer through. The tropic sun made her so. Foliage green had turned its hue And Mother Earth· seemed blue. Down the rain has fallen. The scorched grass turned green. Verdant the fields and garden For Mother Earth has awaken. By Miss Elisa Marquez San Miguel Elementary School PLANTS ABOUT US OUR FOREST WEAL TH A great poet wrote that the forests were God's first temples. In the Philippines we are very fortunate in having vast areas of f'!rests covering more than half of our land. As we also have churches we do not go to the forests to worship as the poet tries to teach us to do. Instead men seek wealth from these forests. If all the wood of our forest were sawn into lumber itS value would easily reach twelve billion pesos. But it is not this known product of our forests that we shall take up this month. Instead we shall try to sec what other minor products come from our forests. And there are plenty of them. The most important is rubber and chi!: we shall discuss today. Otller minor forest products that we shall take up later on are: rat· t;:n. fuel. beeswax. gutta.percha, lumbang. pili. drywo~ds and orchids, which are flowers. Rubber: Look about you in the classroom and note vour personal use of rubber. Your erasers. your rubber shoes. }'OUr rubber bands, your raincoats .ire all made of this article. Outside of the school you meet with a thousand and one U$e of rubber. Try to name as many as you can. ~~ow you must realize how important it could bl· for us if the rubber we import from outside (Pfefl'1(' f11rn to PCIOC 231) 220 THE YOUNG CITIZEN August, 19.''i The Bed Bug There is a tiny creature that sometimes lives in watch all the time that your homes do not bcour house and even shares our own bed, pillows. come infested w'ith these pests. ~nd mosquito net with us. And when we arc scundly asleep, quietly it creeps to us and WI! wake to find ourselves bitten by the bed bug. If we go after it and succeed in crushing it with our fingers even in its death it leaves a very disagreeable memory-its odor. Who among you have not had the exp~ricncc of comfortably being seated reading in a ranan chair and suddenly jumping up as if pricked by a needle from be· In case bedbugs do get into the house the best way to get rid of them is to thoroughly clean all mats and other bedding and place them all day in the sun; then pour boiling wat~r in large quantiti~s in all places where bedbugs may be hiding. Be sure the water is boiling in orde1 to kill th' bedbugs and the eggs. Swe¥p the floors everyday with stiff broom-; hind or below? But it is only our dear friend in ord:!r to get at the cracks between the floors. the bed bug again which has a great fondness for. Th~n spray petroleum on the hiding places in human blood. In addition to their robbing us the floor and walls or chairs. One good clcano: rest and sleep it is also known that bed bug... ing should be followed in about a week or ten carry some kinds of disease from one person to d.-:.ys by another good deaning so as to kill all another. th!! bug3 tlut have hatched from the eggs that Bedbugs easily get into the house. They ma)' w<.re not killed. If these young bugs are not be brought on the clothes of visitors or by yot. . killed they will lay eggs and the house will soon who may have them from other homes or from b.: as full of bedbugs as it was at first. seats in public places. The only way to keep Bedbugs have no wings a house free from beGbut they have the nae- bugs is constant watch· ural tendency to go fl'om fulness and frequent UH' place to place. of water and petroleu~. During the day bedbugs hide away in dark cracks where it is difficult to find them or between Remember that your neighbor may get budbugs from you or you may get them from your the slats of bamboo or rattan chairs. Here they G.reless dirty neighbors. Remember, too, th.H by their eggs in batches of a few to forty or fifty. ciran housekeepers may sometimes get a few bedIt is difficult to get rid of bedbugs once they bugs in their houses, but that only the lazy, shiftgct into. the house. For this reason you must lu•s ones keep them there. AugHst, 1937 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 21.l SAFETY SECTION He Is Old Enough By QUIRICO A. CRUZ• Mr. Villaflor. a well-to-do businessman. h?.s two sons and a daughter. Alfredo, the eldest sor. i:. in the seventh grade: Jose. the second child is i11 the fifth grade: and Maria. the youngest, i~ in the fourth grade. These children. like their father. arc intelligent. They easily learn what <!re taught them and are diligent in their srudie!:. Om Saturday morning, Mr. Villaflor ordered his chauffeur to get ready with their newly bought car. Then he called Alfredo and said. ··Alf redo, your mother and I will visit you1 g1andma. Uncle Tirso said she is ill. Take good care of your brother and sister. Play wirh tbem in the swing but see to it that they don· t gel hurc." "Yes, father," replied Alfredo. When his parents have gone, Alfredo took :vlaria and Jose to the swing. "' Gregorio Uel Pilar Elementary School. "Where did Pa and Ma go?" asked Maria of Jose. "They went to visit grandma. She is ill Don·t you worry. They will be back ~oon:· .. I'm tired of playing here. Why don't wt go out and play with the other children," said Maria impatiently after playing in the swing foe semctime. "Oh, no.. interrupted Alfredo." It is nm safe to play outside. You stay here." He had hardly ended his warning when suddenly hc hrard a familiar voice calling him fondly. "Hi. there, Alfredo." · "Oh'! Hello, Julio. Push the gate open and come m. Julio went in. ·See this baseball and these new gloves? My fJ.thcr gave them to me as a birthday present. Come and play with me ... .. What a nice ball and what splendid gloves they arc!" exclaimed Alfredo. ..Let us play here." "Yes, but don't you think it would be better if we play outside? We might hit some of yom mother's potted plants." .. All right, Id us go." "Wait." said Jose, addressing his big brother. "You said a moment ago that it is not safe to play outside. Why will you go out?'.' ''That is all right. I am old and big enough. I can take care of myself. Maria and you ar:! too young to play in the street. You stay here and play with Maria ... Alfredo replied as he went out of their yard with Julio, his pal and classmate. Maria and Jose couldn·t do anything but look enviously at the two boys who seemed re~! baseball players with their gloves and new ball. Julio and Alfredo were enjoYing their ball game. At one time, Julio threw the ball wildly. Alfredo failed to catch it and it rolled right (Please t11r11 to page 226) 222 THE YOUNG CITIZEN Auguat, 19'7 HEAL TH SECTION ANTONIO By B. HILL CANOVA Antonio says. "Nothing makes you feel 'ici fresh and fuil of life as a good shower bath." You can see very well that he does enjoy a bath from the way he is laughing. He and his friend~ sometimes tah turns in turning the watt>r on each other. When you ;are hot and tired after a hard game of volley ball a bath will make a new boy of you. But you must not forget to rub your body with .i dry towel before that bath. It is a good way tc get rid of any disease germs that you may have picked up on your hands and feet while at riay. Antonio declares. ""A bath a day, Is the proper way." What should you do after a game? Only a healthy child can be full of life. Tell 01bout other activities which a child who is fuli oi life does. Read the sentence which contains the expression take turn. Can you pantomime this .o;entence to show its meaning? What exprrssions in this story should you write in your vocabulary notebook? ROSAURO AND HIS GLASS OF MILK By ELISA MARQUEZ Rosauro for sometime had not been feeling well. At home he was always cross and fretful. His interest in school work had waned. as shown by his low scores in the tests. His mother, Mrs. Mendoza. was getting worried over her son's condition. One Monday morning Rosauro's mother noticed that her son had overslept. She feared tha£ h1.: might be late for school, so she went to his room. There she saw him still asleep. With a light tap on Rosauro's slioulder she said. "I~ my son not going to school? Get up, your glass of milk is waiting." Rosaura stirred a bit. lazily stretched himself C'n the bed and slowly opened his eyes. "Is it you. Mother?" he asked as he held Mrs. Mendoza's hand. '"Yes. dear. it is time for breakfast. Come and drink your milk." invited the mother. "'Why do I have to drink milk? Can't I . have coffee and a piece of fried bread?" Rosauro asked as he Jazilv rose from his bed. "Coftee and fried bread? Why, dear, coffr.e is not good for you and fried bread is very hard to digest. Do drink your glass of milk." Mrs. l\.Iendoza coaxed further. "But I hate milk," complained Rosauro again. "You are a puzzle to me now. You were not like this before. If you don't ·drink your milk, I shall call up Dr. Herrera to see you."' finally decided Mrs. Mendoza who made her wav re<!dily to the telephone. She dialed Dr. Herrera's telephone numbe1·. She asked the doctor to make a short call or. them before he made his visits on his several patients. Dr. Herrera promised to make the calI. Meanwhile Mrs. Mendoza kept on asking her son to drink the milk. Her effort however w~s fruitless. So she stopped and patiently wait'?d for the doctor's arrival. Rosaura sat near the (Please turn. to page U1) August, 1937 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 223 ANSWERS TO THE QUESTIONS ON PAGE 210 GRADE I GRADE III 3. whiskers Short words to Long words brother father 1. horns 4. comb 2. tail 5. snout in my pencil GRADE IV at mother neat honest for angry young sunshine thoughtful think brought INTERMEDIATE GRADES GRADE II 1. Fals· 3. True 5. True 7. False 4 1 2. True 4. False 6. True 8. False 2 3 9. False 10. False QUARRYING STONES (Co11ti111fcd fJ·om page 209) high prizes. At present, however. due to cutthroat com~t! tion. stonecutters· wages are. the minimum and their work is often held up for days and ever. weeks for lack of orders from contractors and builders. When stonecutters arc not busy a~ quarrying, some find work on farms or do odd jubs for a living. The stonecutter's life, however, is not always one ot dru_dg 1 ery and monotony. When he 1s m need of extra money '"o build or repair his houst:, to christen a child, or celebrate a fiesta, he holds a pabayani day. During this particular day. all his fellow-quarrymen, thirty or fifcy, depending upon the size of the tibagan. quarry for him. and all the stones cut by them during the day are credited to the ho:::t or organizer of the pabayani. The host provides his bayanis with luncheon and refreshmencs. and he is assisted by young ladies invited to thf occasion. Much jesting and merrymaking are indulged. in by everybody, and the merrier the day the faster the stonecutterii; work, particularly the young men whose sweethearts are among those serving the refreshments. Some day one of these workers will hold a pabayam too, and the host whom he h?.s helped will work for him gratis in return for his past services. The pabayani is a traditional system among quarrymen and in other ruralactivities and keeps the spirit of mutual helpfulness alive among them. Yes, the stonecutter's work irt not an easy one, but it is not devoid of happiness also. His is usually a family calling. His father and grandfather were stonecutters and he is in the work by family inclination. Stonecutting to the patient and hard working individual is still a paying business. His calling has contributed in no small degree to the construction of homes and cities of civilized THIS EARTH OF OURS (Continued from page 218) plants, animals and men. The process of erosion carries away the soil formed with the help of rain. rivers. the winds, wave'll, and tides. These changes occur all over the globe and the results are not at once noticed except when there is a volcanic eruption. Man is today the most active ageni: in changing the earth's surface. He makes dams across rivers, drains marshes and lakes. clears away forests and tills the land. As you go from your home to your school and back again. try to find out what change>\ you think have taken place or: are taking place along your way. Only by thus observing for yourself can you really know and understand what makes urthis earth you live in. man. As long as modern machinery has not invaded his field, the community will still nee<.' his valuablt services. 224 THE YOUNG CITIZEN Aug11sf, J!I.?'; Interesting Places Alligator Lake FORTUNATO ASUNCION• Can there be a contrast that is more beautiful.· <i.nd a scene that is more appealing~ Nescled among the trees of a little barrio "bv the shore of Laguna de Bai,'' lies Alligator Lak~. lt slumbers in all its soliludc. It is so quiet and so attractive. The planes all around arc so green ar.d so fresh. the water so clear and so cool. and the air so still and mysterious. How this beautiful spot can be so tranquil. when only several meters away incessantly roJ.r~ the waters of Laguna de Bai, nobody can explain How it can be so green, when yonder lies the sunscorchcd shores of another body of water, none dares co reveal. How the air can preserve itc; *Teacher, Rizal Elementary School, Manila. stillhcss. when you can feel it cause the wave!': cf the bay to rise higher and higher. is indeed a mystery. Descend to the shore of the lake and more of its beauty will lay revealed. Mirrored on the water is a piece of the azure sky which seems to be torn from the heavens. Beyond is the invc~rted silhouette of the majestic Maquiling mounLains. Green trees in all their freshness srand 17-.otionlcs:; all around. How this place got its name. we ventured to d!scov1.:r. "Arc there alligators in this lake? .. we <i!ikcd a stray mischievous child who was staring al us. The answer was never given as the child c!~irted away and disappeared in one of the nipa shacks. JOKES (Bayani was describing a flood) The· tide wa~ rising very fasr. The current was very swift. Our house was carried by the rushing water. The tree where my father was clinging was uprooted and was carried away. What do yon The class was discussing about a snow storm. T cacher-Have you ever seen snow? Of course not in the movies. think happen::d to my father? Alberto---Hc was drowned. Bayani-No. Alberto·-What happened to him? Bayani-He got Wet. Florinio-Yes, sir. Teacher-V..'herc? Florinio-ln the ice box, sir. A11gu.st, 1931 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 22~ A.MONG THE BOY SCOUTSBy Ricardo de la Cruz,. LONE SCOUT TRIBE GOES TO CAMP (Continu=d from July issue) At our left is a large fallen mango tree, whor,c roots are so big. we can use chem as benches. At our right is a path. We follow this trail and vrcsently reJch the source of the Falls,-a sort of dried-up stream, very shallow, but very much <!.live and active. as can be seen from the swift current of the "Water. Across the stream is an improvised bamboo bridge. We go over it and ;it the other bank. we find that we have nrivP.d al our destination. We are at Tribe One Camp. The camp area is surrounded by a fence.- -b\I two fences. rather. because it is a combination of b.lmboo poles and barbed wire. Taking everything .lt a glance, thes2 are the things that we see: ;i. large mango tree. laden with fruits; a white wall tent, (the color of which is very becoming tc the background of green and brown) ; a flag with the letters "TRIBE ONE. MANILA"; a circular dug-up kitchen. with two stoves of stone and a fir2wood pile at the left of one of them: a small khaki pup tent; and various sorts of c::amp kinks and gadgets. Very near the entrance to the area, we notic:e several pieces of firewood. laid out for purposes cf drying them in the sun. We approach. The r!eces are arranged and we finally are able to make out the letters. "WELCOME." it goes. ;.nd we enter. At our right is a kitchen rack of bamboo. Above it are plates and spoons. Beside it is a basin stand, and a can of water for washing purposes. Then, there is a "cup tree," improvised from a many-branched trunk of a tree. On each branch is a cup. Beside it is a drinking w.::ter stand. We proceed and inspect the place at closP.r range. We notice a sundial. a towel-rack. a shoe rack, and a clothes-line. • Manager, Publicity Department, Philippine Council, B.S.A. The white wall tent. we learn, is used for shelter; while the pup tent serves as the .supply tent. Here and there are benches of bamboo. The drinking water is a natural spring, about two hundred steps away (analyzed by the Bureau of Health). The surroundings of the area are a combinl tion of green. yellow, brown, and several of th~ other woodland colors. which, if blended, pro duce a striking effect of the beauty and charm oi Nacure. Ac night, though everything is pitch black and w'e can hardly recognize the mango tree in the gloom. No sign or sound of civilization n·;iches our ears afcer dark. All we hear are the roaring of the Falls and the varied cries of tht: woodland insects and birds. The first two days were very busy ones for us. The "Buddy system" of work and play was applied (as in all of our previous camps) and pioved to b2 very effective in overcoming whatever difficulties we met. The several camp kinks were made, and the boys had the opportunitv of taking examinai:ions in Handicraft and the" Use of the Knife and Axe. Hikes were held both to the town and into the woods. In one of our hikes to the latter. we returned to camp with an overflowing cargn of santol and casuy. Had it not been for the frequent rains rhat cccurred. we could have call our camp a total success. The weather was always on edge,-brtween sunshine and rain, and the latter seemed to have prevailed the more. Signaling. Tracking, Cooking, and various tests were tahn by the Scouts. We had an A-1 Industrial First Aid Cabinet along· and it provl" .. I to be a very necessary item in the list of camp equipment. We were able to render First Aicl, (Plet1se t11rn to page 219) 226 THE YOUNG CITIZEN August, 1.9.9'/ MOTHERS' GUIDE IN CARE OF CHILDREN Jhe "i))-~ --1A , , !loung €itilen PANTRY MORE ABOUT DESSERTS BOCA YO I coconut 4 c sugar 2 c' water Divide the coconut and scrap1· the meat with a coconut scraper. Boil the sugar and water. Skim the scum on the surface. Continue boiling until it spins a fine thrrad when the ladle i'.; held up. Put in the coconut:. .ind stir every now anc! then to prevent it from burning. Get J little and when it forms a sofr mass. remove the container from the fire. Mould into desired shapes and leave to cool. Serve. MATAMIS SA BAO Break the coconut and grate the mear. Get as much thick * Teacher of Hom2 Econouoics, Emilie Jacinto Elemcr.tary School. HE IS OLD ENOUGH (Contin111?d ftom 71age 221) into the middle of the street. He looked to the left and saw a car coming. It was far off yet and he knew he could get the ball if he ran fast enough. He ran as fast as he could to get the ball but unluckily he steppe<! on a sanrol seed and tumbled down. He was badly hurt and couldn't stand. The car w;is fast approaching. ··Be careful'. The car! th( (Continued from July issue) BY ,vl!SS JULIANA MILLAN ' milk as possible. For every cup of milk. add 2 pieces of "pano cha... Boil and stir continuously. When it is thick enough and oil formed around the container. remon from the fire Serve cold. car:·· shouted Julio nervously. Th.! chauffeur caught sight of the boy. He rurned hi~ whed to the right and with all his might pilt on the brakes. The car skidded and hit an clectri( post. le was badly damaged. ''Hey~ what is the matter? You destroyed our car,'' cried Mr. Villaflor. ··1 had to do it, sir. Do you see that bov ?"replied the chauffeur. pointing to Alfredo lyinh CA~DIED SWEET POTATOES (CAMOTE) c sweet potatoes c sugar c water tsp: lime Dissolve the lime in a saucepan of water. Wash. pare and cut the swecr potatoes into thin slices. DroJ.t in the lime water and leave fo:several hours. Rinse and leav·: to dry the water. Mix the sugar and water. Boil and skim the scum. Continue boiling until the sugar forms a coarse thread \Vhen the ladle is lifted. Put in the sweet potatoes and stir gently. so that every piece may be coated with sugar. being careful not to mash them. Serve cold. prostrate in the middle of th-:! street. "'Alfredo: cried Mr5. Villiflor. "What happened co you?" With the aid of the chauffeur and Mr. Villaflor. Alfrcdc stood up and limpingly walked to the damaged car. When he recovered from the shock. he told his parents all that had happened. Was Alfredo old enough to violate safety rules? A11g11st, 1997 YOUNG WRITERS "''"''"'""""""""""'"'"""'''"""'"""'"''""'"""""""'""'!'"'""""""''"""" MY FIRST DAY AT SCHOOL When I entered Masinloc Elementary School I felt alone. l saw that my new classmates were unfamiliar to me. Then i=: was recess. Boys and girb chased one another. I felt like crying when they laughed at me. They pretended not to mind me. When the bell rang the children bUstled to theic lin~s. I followed them slowly. But one kind and good teacher took me and let me sit on one of the desks. Ofelia de las Alas Masinlo:: Elementary School Grade V MY FAVORITE BIRD Of all the birds I love th' THE YOUNG CITIZEN 22i PEN and PENCIL CIRCLE 1301 Calle Estrada Singalong. Manila July 21. 1937 Dear Aunt Alma, I am interested to subscribe for The Young Citizen maga· zin~. I like the stories of the s ma I I Filipino children. l should like to begin on July 23, 1937. Please send it to me at our house. Please tell me the price and chen I shall pay ic. I am in grade VI. I'm studying in St. Scholastica's college. Yours respectfully. Pola Abrer4l Dear Po:a. Thanh you for' your su!JMasinloc Elem. School July 16, 1937 Dear Aune Alma. I am very much interested in reading your magazine. The Young Cttizen. It contains in· teresting stories. poems, songs. and jokes. This magazine givr• us entertainment and teaches U:> good moral lessons. I like bes! Aunt Julia's True Stories. When the copies of the magazine arrive. I always take the chance of reading a copy during our library periods. I'll try to save money so that I can be a subscriber of your interec;ting magazine. Sincerely yours, Patrocinio Estell~ Grade VI pupil· German canary best. I love thi'.i scrtption for "The Young Cit1- Dear Patrocinio. bird because of its beautiful zen. We are beginning your song and its beautiful color. h is yellow with gray spots. It is not a big bird. It is very delicate. Everyday I give our German canary a certain kind of bird seeds which it likes very much Once a week I give him a leaf of fresh lettuce. Every morning I put him on our windo\lf with a small supply of wate[ for its bath. I put the cage outside for fresh air and sunshine. Every time I give it food I clean its cage. Every night I put a mosquito net over his cage besubscription with th2 July issue. The price is ,3.00 a year. I wish you good luck in your studies. Aunt Alm" cause he is so delicate that th..: moment a mo:;quito bites it. it will die. Whenever this Germar. Canary hears the sound of the piano or the violin or any other musical instrument it will begin to sing its sweet song. do not give our canary much food because if it grows fat i! I am glad you enjoy readinr ..The Young Citizen." I wish ev::ry child in your school will im:.tate you in saving money for t h2 subscription for the magazine. By doing that. your mothers and teachers tL1 ill be proud of you. Aunt _;\Ima will not sing. I never forget to take good care of. our German Canary. Roberto Lazaro Rizal Elementary Schooi 228 FIFI (Contim1t.'d from page 107) Thu afternoon Trudie came in breathless. So anxious was she to see the puppy again that she had run all the way from school. "Oh. Fifi, dear, I have been so afraid all day-afraid some one would come to take you away and I'd never, never sec you again. You are so nice I want to keep you my wholt life." Miss Hoffman did advertii;.c the pup found on the road side and Trudie's parents inquired for the owner. As the day-; went by and no one called for it. it was decided that Trudie could consider the little animal as hers. There developed an affecciori between child and pup th?t grew as they grew. Where Trudie lived there were no playmates for her so she talked and played with Fifi as if he had been another child. Each dav as the little girl went to the con·· vent to have her lessons the little dog stood at the gate waving his .tail as long as she was in sight. In the afternoon when THE YOUNG CITIZEN KIKO'S ADVENTURES :.he returned there was Fifi with a happy wave of the tail and a yelp of joy. Trudie often wished it was proper for dogs to read and write so she could take this one t~ schoOI with her. Trudie's parents also grew wry fond of .the little dog. They wt>re pleased to see thei1 little daughter so happy with her playmate. Every evening a'i people passed the house they saw a little girl and a little dot at the windo~ waiting and watching for the father to return from his work. Fifi SOO!l learned to recognize the sound of the master's motorcycle as well as Trudie. By and by when Trudie was about twelve years old and the dog about five, the father c:ame co th~ Philippines and found a position. After he went away Fifi often went to the window and listened anxiously and then would turn to Trudie and seem to ask. ··why does the master not come?'' "Because," Trudie would explain. as she took her pet up in her arms. "he is very busy right now but as soon as he gets a Au.gust, 10!11 home prepared, you. mothtr, and I are going to join him." Trudie krtew her geography very well so she often took Fifi to the map and pointed out the place where her father was in the Philippines. "You see, Fifi. that is where he is and that is where we are going before long." Fifi would tighten th~ curl in his tail a little and seem to understand. One day a big ship arrived in the Philippines and on the deck stood Trudie, her mother and Fifi anxiously looking for thf father, husband. and master. As the gangplank was being lowered they recognized a cal! man waving a white helmet to them. At that mom.enc Fifi gave a yelp of joy and leaped from the deck to the master's shoulder. This was a happy reunion, the family and the little dog. They all went home to the plantation where the father had his work. This family would have been very lonesome in the islands had they not been a devoted and resourceful group. The mother and father knew scarcely any August, 19a1 Engli:;h and there was no one n:ar who spoke German. Trudie knew her English well. but there were no girls and boys for hc-r to play with. In the new home her best pal and playmate wa:; her old friend, Fifi. • Cy and by Trudie grew up and Fifi was becoming an old do:!. Dogs, as you know, arc considered old at ten. Finallv, it was time for Trudie to ~o away to school. She was to sail to Europe and never expect. ed to return to t.he islands again. They discussed the possibilitv of taking Fifi, but thought thr h:at in going through the Red S:a and Suez Canal would be too much for him since he was so old and so fat. Trudie had her suitcases and bags spread out on the floor to plck and repack. Fifi stood watching her with a questio1: in his eyes and the curl slightly out of his tail. After a while he jump:d into one of the open bJgj: and coiled up with a deject.:d look on his face. The girl was busy arranging someth:ng in ~mother bag. but when sh: discovered the dog in the bag she sat down in the floor and wep and wept. By anrl by when she felt like talkinS!" she took Fifi"s head between hr:r hands and explained everythinp. to him. ""Listen. Fifi," she began. "'it is very, very hard to leav.? you. You have been mv playmate, pal. brother. Oh·, you have been everything." With that she took her much loved pet up in her arms ant: hv3ged him tight. "You under:;tand ev~rything." Then she THE YOUNG CITIZEN put him back on the floor and standing on her knees took hi~ head in her hands again am.: continued to explain: "You see the trJvel on the ship would be hard for you. then the heat in th' Red Sea would be still harder. After that you would have to remain in quarantine for six months in Genoa. I could not be allowed to be there with you. I do not know the kind of food you would have or who woul<i give you a bath. And the mai::. thing, Fifi,"· she went on verv seriously as she smoothed back his ears and stroke the back oi his head. ··you must stay .here to keep my mother and fathet company while I am away. You are che only one" arouhd her~ who sp:aks G:rman. you know. You must now take my place, and at the same time be yourself too. In Europe I will br busy at school. You can du more goo::I here than by going with me. 1"11 miss. you all my life, but you must stay here and be happy. Roll on the floor ~aughing and playing every day, but don't let any one know that you miss me. Always kee!> your tail curled.'" Feeling that Fifi understooC all she hJd said Trudie put hi~ aside and silently continued her packing. And so it is-Trudie is in far away Europe busy with the business of a young girl. Since she went her mother ofter.. says. ""Yes. we miss Trudie so very much. but Fifi is a great comfort. al ways faithful. and so cheerful that his tail is al. ways tightly curled." 22~ AMONG THE BOY SCOUTS (Con.tin11ed from po,ge 225) not only to ourselves. but to in. jured excursionists as well. In the afternoons, we went swimming in the Falls. J:i. shat. low place was marked off and non-swimmers were not permitted to go beyond the mark. A life-saving stick. was always within reach: (thanks to God. it never was used actually) . During our last evening. we held a large campfire. You can imagine the seven of us,-a wee group. propo~tionally smaller than the fire we built, creating an atmosph:re of merriment and cheer. There we were,-singing around the campfire,-and lusty voices raised in the air. lo.o;t in the darkness around. The Campfire is an institution. Around it, friendships arc formed.-friendships as tight and binding as the large cables that support o. mighty bridge. Around it. comradeship prevails.-a comradeship that will remain unforgotten in the years to come, even when we no longer wear shorts and neckerchiefr.. Tired but happy;. a littl< hungry. but buoyant; each and· every one of us returned horn~ the next day, every boy with his own stories to tell. The members of our Tribe have had various camp experiences in the past. but take it from one who has always betn present in all of them, our .1937 Summet Camp in Hinulagan Tak-Tak Falls. Antipolo. tops them all! l 230 JOE, THE LITTLE (Continued from pa.fie BOS) ··who SLole the egg then?'' the principal asked without addressing anybody. Joe stepped forward and said. "Mr. Garcia, may I help yC'lu find the boy who got the egg from the nest under lya Sabel's house?'' ··yes. Joe.·' answered the principal. "I live a block away from lya Sabel's house," Joe began. ''Although ,I go . there somecimes. I have not gone there today. If I did not come to the office this afternoon. I would not know that lya Sabel has eggs under her house and that mmeonc has been stealing them. I would not know that on•· more egg was stolen this afternoon. However. I can tell you who did the mischief." The principal looked at p,.,_ blo with suspicion in his eye!:. !ya Sabel looked calmly at the speaker. The four boys touched each other and then looked at Pablo who became the target of every eye in the room. ·'You suspect Pablo judging from the way you look at him ... Joe continued addressing th•: others. "but he has told th':! truth. From the window of our room, I saw him with his mother. Each of them carried a bundle." .. Who stole the egg?" asked the principal. "That boy," Joe answered po in ting to Tom as. "You lie!" shouted Tomas. "Yes, he lies," agreed the other three. Joe did not pay attention to THE YOUNG CITIZEN what the boys said. Instead he looked at Tomas and said, .. There is a piece of cobweb on your hair. How ·did you happen to get it? The answer io; clear. As soon as your play· mates were gone, you ran back to get the egg and your hair caught that little piece near the nest. You were afraid you would be tardy so you went $traight to school. We were on our lines when you came and you joined us. I noticed that cobweb on your hair while we were standing on our lines. I also noticed that you kept on touching something w h i c h bulged in y o u r pocket. I thought it was a mandarin or a pingpong ball but now I am sure it was an egg-rhe egg that lya Sabel lost this afternoon.'· "You are a liar~" Tomas Lhundered as .he turned his pockets inside out. "There i~ nothing in my pocket." "You have had no chance to hide it outside of the schoolroom so the egg must be sleeping soundly in your desk now," said Joe. "Janitor. go and see the desk of Tomas and get the egg if you find it there," said the principal. The janito1· came back with an egg of brownish color in his hand. Joe took ir in his hand and showed it to lya Sabel. "Does this look like the egg. you have at home?" he asked . "Yes, it has the same colOI" as those I have at home. Oh. it is mine! It is mine!" exclaimed the old woman. ··Thank you. Joe." said thP. orincipal. "Tomas is guiltv. He stole eggs and he told a lie. For these two offenses. he will August, 1937 ESTER LEARNED A (Continu-ed from. pa.ge S04) I don't want my little girl to suffer the same pain. So there, put your book down and go to bed. Remember you can read all the books you like if you have good health," advised Mrs. Cruz to Ester who had now fallen in deep thought. Ester was convinced that after all, good· health .should be prized more than anything els.? on earth. So putting the book down, she kissed her mother on the forehead and without any complaints, she willingly went to bed. not be admitted to his class unless he brings his father here. Tomas may now go home. The rest of the boys may go back to their classes." The boys went out. Tomas did not say anything as he went out of the room. lya Sabel thanked the principal and patted Joe on the shoulder. Joe went back to his class after he had given the note to the principal. (Next month you will read more about Joe's detective work in the story, JOE'S WONDERFUL BOX.) HELPS FOR STUDY Al'ID ENJOYMENT Why did lya Sabel go to th< office of the principal? If Joe were not present, whu might have been punished i· Why' How did Joe identify the guilty 'boy ? · Why was Pablo a good son? How was the guilty boy punished? A 11gust, 1937 ROSAURO AND HIS (Continued from pa.ge flilfl) radio and bit his finger nails in rage. Just then the honk-honk of an automobile was heard. It was th:? doctor. Mrs. Mendoza hurriedly opened the door and showed Dr. Herrera in. '·Who is my patlent this fine day?"'. this came from the doctor. ''Doctor no one is ill but I wish to consult you about Rosaura. Thzie he is. cross and fretful," explained Mrs. Mendoza as she pointed to her son. "Come. Rosaura." called th~ doctor. "and so you are my pciticnt today ... The boy approached slow I y and with bowed head. "You havi: a keen app'etite. haven· t you, son? inquired Dt. Herrera. "Of course. you like milk and vegetables.'' "Doctor, mother always asks me to drink milk but I hate to do so. I hate milk. Cant I have coffee?'· ''You are rather queer. Yon are not yet sick but you woulci soon be if you continue to ask for those things which are not good for you," Dr. Herrera warned. Rosaura remained silent. H~ was probably thinking of the doctor's words. "Have you any reason foi. not liking milk?" queried the doctor serious! y. In answ1:r. the boy shook hi°' head. ""Well .. then. I know why you should not hate milk so THE YOUNG CITIZEN much. You love cakes and caitdy because they are sweet. But you must know that milk likewise contains some sugar jutl like that found in cakes. The cream or fat that is frozen in to ice-cream is found in milk. You certainly want pearly teeth and glossy hair. Milk will give you materials for them. You don't want to be a weakling all your life. Drink milk. for it containit muscle builders. Milk. you must understand, is Nature's perfect food." explained the doctor lengthily. The doctor paused awhile ro give Rosaura time to think. After a few moments he continued "Like a good boy, I koow you would not give your mother any more trouble in your choice of food. Eat whatever is given you by your mother for she knows just what you need." Turning to Mrs. Mendoza he declared. "In ,the future J am sure your boy will like hi'I glass of milk. He has promised to do away with his bad food habits.·· "Haven't you. Rosaura?" h~ asked as he stroke the boy's hair. "Yes, doctor, I'll begin right now," responded Rosaura as he reached for his glass of milk from his mother. "Will thi'I make me an athlete?'' "Of course. milk will, for you will have a strong physical make-up." Dr. Herrera got up and prepared to go. Rosaura stood, too, and very quickly ran to the door to open it for ,the doctor. Mr~ 231 OUR FOREST WEAL TH (Continued /Tom pa.gs S19) could come from our own forests. Have you ever seen a rubber tree? There are some to be found in the Mehan Gardens. Perhaps some of you have gath· ered the young buds and ma"d;! toy balloons out of them. Rubber is the milky substance that comes from the trunk and branches of the tree. At the age of four or five years a rubber tree is lightly tapped or a cut is made along the bark. The milky substance called latex flows out into cups and thi?n this is left to thicken or coagulate. In twenty-four hours the rubber forms into a spongy mass like thickened sour milk. and floats on the water from which it has completely sepcrated. This mass of rubber is then squeezed to extract th:: water which process should b•. thoroughly done to prevent th<? rubber frqm decaying. Then these thin sheets of rubber are hung up to dry in a room where several fires have been built. After two or three days the rubber is ready for market. This raw rubber then goes to different factories to be made· into various articles that you now use. Is it not strange to think that this thin red rubber band around your books came out of the deep forest far, far from you? Mendoza watched her son and with a contented smile thanked the doctor for the changed attude of Rosaura. 232 THE YOUNG CITIZEN August. 19.t'l WHERE THE WORD "COP" COMES FROM Th~re have been advanced a number of stories THE ORIGIN OF "O. K.'' The expression "O. K." has many origins. H. L. Mencken produces eleven or twelve alleged as to the origin of the word "cop" as applied to sources. He says that one theory derives it from policemen. The word cop is supposed to be the initials of one Obediah Kelly. an early railC'erived from the Old English verb to cop, mean- way freight agent. who signed his initi~ls to bills ing to catch, to get hold of. co nab. This mran- C'f lading. Another traces it to an early Presing is retained in the slang expression to cop idcntial campaign slogan. "The people is oll koroff. meaning to grab: to make away with some- rcct." Still another derives it from a· Choctaw thing sought by others. In England, a police- word, "'okeh" signifying '"it is so." Woodrow man is often called a copper. that is, one who Viilson accept::d this etymology and used "okeh" cops or catclie::. offenders. in approving official papers. This made the As applied to a policeman. the word cop dates form popular. and as a result we still have ba'k co 1859. The verb cop. as used in dialect "Okey'.' phonograph record5, shoe-shining parEnglish, has been traced back to the Seventeenth !ors. lunchrooms and hot-dog stands.-N. Y. century. There is no evidence chat cop was· Herald-Tribune. originally the abbreviation of constabulary of police. Another story of the origin of the word is connected with the following: In 1829 Sir Robert Peel organized the first modern police force in London. Members of the police force V.C'rc blue uniforms with very large copper buttons. These buttons gave the police the name copper, shortened to cop.-Literary Digest. HOW THE EXPRESSION "BY HOOK OR BY CROOK" BEGAN In chis expression the final word was formerly Croke. Hook and Croke were able English lawyers, in whose day it was customary to say. "If I can't win hy Hook I will by Croke."-Tht! Kabif'gram. The Book of the Year! Rizal: Man and Martyr lly Frank C. Laubach, Ph. D. The latest a1al ful.cst biui;n.1phy of the g-icatcst Fi.1pino,-Rizal. Frank but fair in its treutmcnt of facts. Fascinating in its tall' oi the private life of a grau<l but nonetheless human personality. Fearless but unlJ,iasec..1 in its revelatbn of Rizal's faith in his mission and in Truth. Every page, a thrilling story. Every chapt~r, an inspiring lesson. Written after on•r one thousand four hundred letter~ of Rizal had lJL·cn collected all over th·.· \-,·orid. The One Indispensable Book In Every Filipi•lU Home 1'·1.00 a copy-doth bound ra.oo a c:opy-)lapcr bom:1l ~O Cl'ntavos, postaµ:e Community Publishers, Inc. ,105 P. Faura, ,\lanila Attention, School Principals! PHILIPPINE BOOKS APPROVED by the ·;ij _·., BUREAU OF EDUCATION 1. A PRIMER OF THE PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION by v. G. SincoApproved in Academic Bulletin No. 1, s. 1936 as Supplementary Reader for Grade VII ..... 1'1.70 net. (Indispensable in Civics classes, many parts of the textbook on Civics being now obsolete.) 2. VOCABULARY BUILDING by J. ·c. PinedaApproved in Academic Bulletin No. 10, s. 1936, as Pupils' reference for Grades V, VI, and VII. To be purchased in sets .. : . ... : . . . . . . . . . . . . l'0.56 net. 3. COMMUNITY EDUCATOR in 2 volumesApproved in Academic Bulletin No. 3, s. 1935 as Pupils' reference for Gra.<les VI and VII on agriculture, gardening, health, social and economic conditions, government, politics, etc. also approved as students' reference for secondary schools. Price for the set of 2 books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1'4.00 net. 4. CHARACTER EDUCATION READERS-Stories On Conduct by I. PanlasiguiA.B. No. 13, s. 1936 as Supplementary Reader for Grade V .............................. 1'1.60 net. 5. CHARACTER EDUCATION READERS-Thinking of Others by I. PanlasiguiA.B. No. 6, s. 1937, as Supplementary Reader for grade IV···--···········--····--······ 1'1.40 net. Sold Exclusively by COMMUNITY PUBLISHERS, Inc. 405 Padre Faura Manila, Philippines