The Young Citizen: The Magazine for Young People

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Part of The Young Citizen: The Magazine for Young People

Title: The Young Citizen: The Magazine for Young People
Issue Date: Volume 3 (Issue No. 9) October 1937
Year: 1937
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extracted text: This Magazine Is Approved by the Bureau of Education VOLUME 3 NUMBER 9 0 CT 0 BER:: 1937 • ~TORIES Joe an<l the Burg'iar-Anto11iu Jluitoz :Wli The Little Boy and the Carnbao 268 Anita and the Cricket . . . . . . 26~J Hobbies and Recreauoni.;-Ped1·0 Labrador-i. J'rrnlusiuui 280 What! Dencio? :W5 e POEMS The Friendly Carabao-L11/u de Irr 1-'{/z-Gabrie/ Little 1'hings-Ebcneze1· C. B1·cw1•r • CHARACTER AND CITIZENSHIP A Good Bad Drcam-Uolores f1~11s11un •.•••..•••.. Loyalty to Your Teachers-Mrt.rimi<uw A. 1'el«sq1H'Z My Country, The Philippines-/, Panl<tsigui e HEAL TH AND SAFETY Tandang. Pedro's Story-Quiricu A. C,rJf:; Antonio-B. Hill Cauovn ............. . The Health Crusaders-Tomas Trinidad e SCIENCE AND ~ATURE STUDY • WORK AND PLAY Jar Making-F. Curlwlfo .................... . The Good Reader's Corner-Miss /Jolu,·es Silos ..... . Learning New Expressions-Mi·.<>. /lflt .}, J:,'11g<'11i1r· ~·: Things To Do-B. Hill Canova · · Kiko's Adventures ..................... . The Young Citizen Pantry-J11/frwa Mil/{(11 • MUSIC 28;) 286 286 282 282 282 28i Be Kind-l-Vin11ifre<I Lc1cix ::!81 Published monthly by the Communil) l'ublish<'rs. In<·" Tt'l. ;, •. ;S.R9 .. io;, P. Fnura. Manila, Phili11pin<ls. Entered as Secom! Class Mail MallH nt Manila Post Offic<' on May 16, 1935. Edito1·inl !lii-<·<"l<>I': .!<,~,- f,', /fo,..,,,., :-;iarr Etiitcn·: /. l'""'"''/;Ui, Contdbulill:-1: Editors: ,Ju. li<u10 C. /'im·<la and ,\ufr"'i" .l/111iu~. Starr At'tist: f•,,/,,, /'<1!!i1ia, Busin~>S l\lam1in•1·: H111ih'a11u 1;a1·ciu-Rosales. Subscription Price: P3.00 for one year of 12 issues: $2.00 in th., United Stat"& and foreirrn ~ountriH. Sina-le copy, 30 CO'nl..llvos. • · S10bscriptionR are /.o lie paid to Comm"nit11 PMblilh.er&, hie. T~i; MAGAZIN!; !=OR YOUNG P!;OPL(; October, 1937 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 265 The Friendly Carabao There's an old friend we can't forget, A friend in need; a friend in deed So big and strong yet meek and tamed, Ugly, black, yet a perfect friend. Out in the fields he lends a help, The farmer's company he keeps, Plowing, harrowing all day long From early morn till past sundown. Out of the fields he draws big loads, Through city streets or country roads, Trudging slowly, he ne'er knew What help he gives to me or you. Clumsy and slow yet e'er of use, The friendly carabao we boost. Unheard, unsung, untalked of-still, He serves the farmer with good will. -Lulu de la Paz-Gabrie,'. 266 THE YOUNG CITIZEN October, lfMi LITTLE STORIES FOR LITTLE PEOPLE Joe and the Burglar By ANTONIO C. MUNOZ There are times when burglars are busy. People then are scared for they fear not only for their money and belongings but also for their lives. In this story you will read how Joe, the little detective and his assistant Rod, outwitted a burglar. Try to find out how they did it. As Joe was coming home from school one afternoon, he passed by a group of men. One of those in the group was telling a story. The listeners were paying close attention to him. Joe approached the group and joined the attentive listeners. T h e man was telling about the loss of his money the previous evening. "I don't have any idea as to who got the money," he said. "Last night I was ~o sleepy that I forgot to put the money in the wardrobe." "How much did you lose?" asked one. "I had sixty-four pesos in my shirt pocket and this morning when I woke up, money, shirt, belt, and trousers were gone. Someone must have entered the house through the window and took away the things while I was sleeping soundly," he replied. "It's too bad you did not wake up w h i 1 e the burglar w a s inside," com .. mented another. "If I did wake up, I would not bother him," the man said. "Would you let him run away with your money?" a third man asked. "Of c o u r s e , I would," he replied. "Anyone entering a house at that hour of night is armed and ready for whatever may happen. I am sure that the person who entered my house last night was armed and would surely kill me if I bothered him. I would not allow my wife and my child to get hurt for sixty-four pesos." A car came. The story teller got in. The others went away. Joe went home. Joe's father and mother were school teachers. That night a dance in honor· of a new supervising teacher was going on at the school. Joe was left in the house with two maidservants. After Joe had studied his lessons, he brushed October, 1937 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 267 his teeth, said his prayers, and went to bed. A sound awoke him. It came from the window of the room. Joe did not move. Soon a hand grasped the wire that held the blind. Then a head appeared. A minute later a man stood in the r o o m near the window. He looked all around. Satisfied perhaps that he came at the proper time, the intruder moved forward. He went to the dresser and opened the drawer. He found nothing except a box of face powder artd some other toilet articles. He saw the aparador in the corner. At once he pulled something out of his pocket and approached the big aparador. The burglar was either picking or breaking the lock judging from the sound· made by his instrument. Joe knew that his. mother kept all the money in that aparador. He was about to shout fo1- help but he remembered the words of the man that afternoon, "I WOULD NOT ALLOW MY WIFE AND MY CHILD TO GET HURT FOR SIXTY-FOUR PESOS." Luck came. Footsteps sounded on the stairs. The burglar put the instrument back in his pocket, walked noiselessly to the window, and then disappeared behind the blind. It was Joe's parents who came from the dance. Joe did not report the matter to them for he had thought of a plan to outwit the burglar. He knew that the intruder would come back to complete his unfinished work when opportunity came. That opportunity, Joe thought, would only come when his parents were away. Friday came. Queen Christina was to be shown at the REX THEATER. Joe's mother would never miss a Greta Garbo picture, so Joe thought that the opportunity he had been waiting for ·had come. At 3 :20 that afternoon, Joe asked the principal teacher to excuse him and Rod from gardening. "Yes, Joe, Rod and you may go," the principal granted the request. "I know that you always do something useful when you stay out of school." Rod and Joe went home. They got a piece of lumber measuring two by six inches and ten feet long. A piece of wire was tied to the center of the wood. With the aid of two bamboo ladders, they placed the heavy wood on the upper window sill so close to· the edge that a slight jerk on the wire would cause it to fall. (Pleas!' turn to prrgc 294) 268 THE YOUNG CITIZEN October, 1937 READING TIME FOR YOUNG FOLKS The Little Boy and the Carabao LITTLE PEPITO had been running wanted to cry, "Auntie! Auntie!" after his playmates. Then he "Ngaa." found himself all alone in the field. He looked around. There was nobody aroqnd. "Juan!" he called. Nobody answered. "Tomas!" There was no answer. Pepito looked back. A carabao was walking very slowly toward him. It was his aunt's carabao. "Ngaa." And the carabao moved on very slowly. Pepito walked behind the carabao. They walked on and on. By and by Pepito could not find the narrow Pepito found himself in front of his path that led to his aunt's house. He aunt's house. Octobtr, 1997 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 269 Anita and the Cricket "I don't want to live on the farm," Anita said. I want to go back to Manila." "Don't you want to be an A-1 child?" asked her mother. "Yes, Mother, I do, but I cannot stay here. Thi0 s is a dull place." "You will soon like it. You will have plenty of milk and eggs here." looked up but there was no fruit. "Yes, but we have no radio. We "What a dull place," she thought. have no music at all," and Anita walked away pouting. "What is that?" she asked herself. "Somebody is playing a flute. Perhaps She went to the guava tree. She _it is a bamboo flute." Anita looked around but saw nobody. The music went on. It seemed to be close by. She looked closely. She saw only a few insects that looked like big moths. "O Mother," she cried when she saw her mother coming toward her," the butterflies are singing!" "They are not butterflies. They are crickets or kuliglig," Anita's mother explained. 270 THE YOUNG CITIZEN October, J .9s;· Jar Making By FRANCISCO CARBALLO With illustration by the author 0 Ampw.3. 0 Ans6 +l-u1tot db 0 5(pw" - (Dotter "s wator b,owl) 0 c::::::::::J T,,"O,. .. pode<;t•I) Pe- (met.>I for scr•ping) ,.,,_o ..... C=1 Amben Pe - (wood for scroping) u5ed m the kiln) FC: THE MANUFACTURE of earthen vessels; such as, jars, pots, and other household utensils, is an old native industry antedating the coming of the Spaniards to the Philippines. Despite the advent of modern household metal utensils, a great number of people, particularly in provincial communities, still use earthen cooking pots and water jars which are locally produced. Glazed plant pots and jars for holding water and fish preserves are manufactured by local Chinese potters, but high grade earthenware, chinaware, and porcelain are imported from China, J apan, the United States, England, Holland, and Germany. The important jar factories just outside of Manila are in Mandaloyon and Makati along the banks of the Pasig in Rizal province. Others are located in various provinces. The first step in jar making is the preparation of the clay, which is secUl"ed from fields nearby. After removing roots and little stones from the clay, it ·is placed on a tile-covered floor. Mixed with the needed amount of water, it goes through the process of kneading under the hoofs of two or more carabaos which are made to tread round and round upon the mass of clay, which is about ten feet in diameter and one foot thick When the clay is kneaded to a proper consistency, it is brought inside the kamalig, a's the long factory building is called, where it passes foot-power kneading after the right amount of sand has been mixed with it. When the clay is mellow, then it is ready for the potter's wheel. The master potter is the most important employee in the kam.alig. He is called the maestro for he is the master of the wheel. With his deft hands he Oclobe1·, 1937 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 271 turns rolls of clay into graceful jars. Let us watch him shape a tapayan, or big water jar. Seated on a raised bench, the potter turns the horizontal wooden wheel with his right foot. This wheel rests on a metal pivot heavily greased and so it turns freely. Near him, on the right, is a vessel of water for moistening his hands, and on the left is a pot of sand which is applied on the wheel to prevent new jar bottoms from sticking to the wood. Seizing a roll of clay which his assistant has placed beside him, he places it on the middle of the turning wheel and skillfully shapes it upward into a basin-like vessel. This bottom third of the jar is called the ampwa. The potter's assistant keeps the ampwas in a cool part of the kamalig where they are allowed to dry a little for three days. As there are various steps in ja1· making, and these require several days, in our today's visit we shall see only the making of jar bottoms. In order to see how the different steps are actually done, more than one visit will be needed. When a hundred ampwas have been made and dried a little, one at a time they are taken to the potter's wheel for the addition of the second third. The heightened bottom now looks like a hugF. bowl. In this stage it is called the ans6. The ans6s are dried a little for three days, and then returned to the maestro for the addition of the last third, including the shoulder and the mouth. This stage of the finished raw jar is called the amben. On the third day, the manghahmnpas, or beater; begins beating each jar to give it uniform thickness and shape. The jar is placed on the to6n, or pedestal. Holding the huitot, or earthen pestlelike implement in his left hand inside the jar, and the tepan, or wooden patter, in his right, he begins beating the circular jar wall between these implements, working upward as he beats round and round the vessel. After a hundred jars have been beaten into shape, these are. set aside for final drying. The drying process is a risky one. The raw jars are covered with pandan mats to protect them from too much heat or drafts from the outside which may crack their brittle bodies, and are uncovered when the temperature is just right. After twenty-one days or more, the jars are entirely dry and they are ready for the kiln. The kiln is a long oven built on sloping ground under a roofed wing of the kamalig. It is made of big bricks and adobe stones, and usually holds four hunclred assorted jars at a time. After the raw jars have been placed in the kiln, the firing begins. This is in charge of the pugonero who, on certain days during the firing, is aided by five kilncarers. The firing goes on night and clay for three days, and as the last day approaches, the fueling is gradually les~ened to prevent the cracking or melting of the red-hot jars. On the last day, the fire is put out, and the jars are left in the kiln for two or more days for cooling. When properly baked, the jars are of a metallic brown hue. After cooling, the baked jars are classified and placed in the storeroom ready for sale locally or sent to city and pro(Please turn to page 2.94) 272 THE YOUNG CITIZEN October, JPJJ THE GOOD READERS' CORNER Conducted by Miss DOLORES SILOS THE FUN OF FILLING IN BLANKS GRADE ONE Do you remember this poem? Draw the correct pictures in it. Jack and ---, Went up the ---, To get a --- of water; ---. fell down, And broke his --And --- came tumbling after. GRADE TWO Play a matching game. - - - - - - no pain or ills; - - - - - - doctors and pills; - - - - - - grow very tall; - - - - - - stay very small. GRADE FOUR Give your friend a gift. Give her a basket of fruits. Do you want to give her something that is long and yellow? -one that looks like a hanging heart? -a fruit that has many eyes?----One, two--, I don't drink --, . coffee, cocoa another fruit that is green outside and red inside? ----I don't drink --, three, tea One, two--, Water, milk and--, me, three Are better for --. GRADE THREE Write either Go to bed early or Go to bed late ------wake up with joy; - - - - - - cross girl or boy. - - - - - - ready for play; - - - - - - moping all day. Cut out a basket and put in the cutout fruits. GRADE FIVE Give a word for a title. Then fill in the blanks. Our --- are the windows of our bodies. With them we --- the beautiful outdoors. With them, too, we peep into storyland and read about strange children in far-away ---. October, 1937 THE YOUNG CITIZEN GRADE SIX H--€ is strong who -- outdoors. E-veryone needs clean, pure -- to drink. A-re you sure you eat -- food? L--ive a simple --. GRADE SEVEN What must I do 1. When I have a cold? 2. When I am at the table? 3. When I am not busy? 273 T-hink kind and healthful--. H-ave something to do everyday to 4. When I am holding unclean things? make some one else --. (Please tm·n to />afle 288) Intermediate Grades By MISS MARGARITA SANTOS • UNIT 1.-0UTLINING LESSON I Separating Big Ideas from Little Ideas -Indenting Directions-On the space at the right, copy the topics. Show their relation to each other by proper indention. Begin each topic with a capital letter. 1. kinds of clothes cotton silk woolen 2. insects fly mosquito butterfly 3. vegetables lettuce cabbage squash Example: 1. Kinds of cloth A. Cotton B. Silk C. Woolen *Teacher, Emilio .Jacinto Elementary School. 4. fish goldfish swordtail moon fish 5. islands luzon mindanao · cebu 6. furniture wardrobe table chair 7. flowers sampaguita rosal champaca 8. colors blue green red orange 274 THE YOUNG CITIZEN October, !937 Learning New Expressions I. On the left-hand column you will find expressions which are italicized. From the words on the right-hand column select the word that has the same er nearly the same meaning as the word in italics. 1. Perished in the fire 2. The people were filled with horror 3. Killed the dreadful monster 4. Interrupt his reading 5. Cross the street cautiously 6. Caught the scent of a human being - 7. Affectionate daughter 8. K n o w n f o r h i s strength and valor 9. Heed their parents' advice 10. Very fond of jests bravery listen to jokes died frightened loving disturb carefully terrible smelled By Mrs. PAZ J. EUGENIO* 6. What phrase showed that the giant smelled a human being? 7. What kind of daughter is loved by most parents? 8. What is Bonifacio known for? III. Can you fill the blanks in.the following sentences with the expression& you used in number II? See if you can. Think before you answer. 1. I love my mother for she is very 2. There was a --- earthquake in August. 3. During the frightful earthquake people were ---. 4. Many lives --- in the flood last year. 5. The hounds --- of a deer. · 6. Do not --- your father's conversation with the guest. 7. The children crossed the busy streets ---. II. Try to answer the following ques- 8. Always ___ the teacher's countions by using the right expressions sel. from the left-hand column in number I. 9. Charlemagne was known for his --- and love of learning. 1. What happened to the mother and child? 2. How did the people feel during the earthquake? 3. In the story of "St. George and the Dragon" what did the hero do? 4. What is not proper to do when somebody is reading? 5. To avoid accidents what is the right thing to do? ,;. Teacher, Tayabas Elementary School, Manila. 10. People who are fond of --are often liked. IV. Now get your "Vocabulary Notebook" and jot down the new expressions you have learned today. Next time when your teacher asks you to tell a short story or write a theme you may try to use some of them. It would be wise also and profitable to use those expressions once in a while when conversing with your classmates ana friends. (Please turn f.o page 288) October, 1937 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 275 MEMORIZE A POEM A MONTH By JULIANA C. PINEDA Last month you learned a poem about little things which are beautiful and sweet. What little things are dearest according to that poem? This month we have another poem on little things. Read the poem through and remember the little things named. Read each stanza again and see why each little ·thing mentioned is important. Little Things Little drops of water, Little grains of sand, Make the mighty ocean And the pleasant land Thus the little minutes Humble though they be Make the mighty ages Of eternity. Little deeds of kindness, Little words of love, Make our earth an Eden Like' the heaven· above .. -Ebenezer C. Brewer Now, read the poem aloud and remember the little things in the order in which they are mentioned in the poem. After reading the poem two or three times, · you· should be able to fill the blanks. Little --- of water, Little --- of sand Make the mighty --And the pleasant ---. Thus the little ---, --- though they be, Make the mighty --Of eternity. Little --- of kindness, Little --- of love Make our -- an Eden Like the --- above. Recite the entire poem to your mother or friend. You may recite it to your class at the opening exercises. 276 THE YOUNG CITIZEN October, 19.U CHARACTER EDUCATION SECTION A Good Bad Dream DOLORES TENSUAN * "MOTHER, please give me fifteen centavos. I'll go to the show. The showing at Cine Star is very entertaining," pleaded Jose. "I'm sorry, Sonny; but we have no money," answered Aling Ana as she paused from her ironing and looked pitifully at her boy. "No money? Why, I saw a five-peso bill in your purse, mother," grumbled Jose. "Yes, I have five pesos, but don't you know that there is one more week to go before pay day? In fact, I am very much worried as to how I can make that amount suffice for our food and other •Tear.her, Washington Elementary School. necessities for one whole week," answered the mother. "But, mother, I'm not asking much. Just fifteen centavos. My two classmates, Jaime and Cesar, and I have decided to go together. It is now two o'clock mother. They may be here any minute, so I'll dress now, may I?" begged Jose. "How I wish I coul.d give you the money, my son, but I must refuse. Be a good boy, Jose, and don't insist on going: I promise that next Sunday, you can go to the show," replied the mother. "Next Sunday, mother? Too late! That film will no longer be showing there. Besides, those boys will ridiculP me if they know that I can't afford to spend fifteen centavos for the show," ·sulkily said Jose. He sat on the floor and buried his face between his knees in an effort to hide the tears of disappointment that rolled down his cheeks. "Surely," he bitterly thought to himself. "I'm the most miserable boy in this world. Mother is a perfect tightwad. She doesn't love me at all. Any mother would have readily given his son fifteen centavos." Jose was so much embittered by his own ugly thoughts that he had to go to the bedroom in order to give full vent to his tears. Alone in· the room he planned to run away from home. Yes, he would leave mother and make her regret her stinginess. October, 1937 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 277 And he did run away. He ran as fast as his legs could carry him away, away from mother and home. He found himself in a very strange town. Breathless with fatigue, and dripping with perspiration he stopped under a tree to regain his breath. Darkness had enveloped him. Fear gripped liis heart and terror was all the more intensified by the blind.ing flashes of lightning and nerve-shattering peals of thunder, followed by a very heavy downpour. Shivering with cold and fear, Jose ran his darling mother who after all, was right in not giving way to his foolish request. So great was his remorse that he cried, "Mother, mother!" Jose felt two loving hands gently shaking him. "What is it, Sonny? You must have been dreaming," were the words he heard. Jose opened his eyes a n d looked and ran until he arrived at a store where he took shelter. The sight of the around to be sure he was really at home. tempting dishes awakened his hunger. "Mother, oh mother," he cried with joy, He realized how hungry he was. Never "I had a dream." in his life did rice and fish look so ap·· "It must have been a terrible dream," petizing, but he did not have even a said the mother. penny to buy a mouthful. Then and "A very bad and yet a very good there he understood the value of money. dream," laughingly said Jose. "MothHow he wished he were at home cozy er, my dream has made me realize the value of money and you and home. Never again will I pout or grumble when you don't give me money for the and warm and eating the simple yet delicious food prepared by his mother. How he repented having left home and show." 278 THE YOUNG CJ fIZEN October, UJ.17 Loyalty to Your Teachers By MAXIMINIANO A. VELASQUEZ * Loyalty, according to the dictionary, in his subjects or when he fails to get means fidelity, faithfulness, constancy, special privileges, he is not loyal. A devotion. Loyalty should be one of the pupil cannot rate properly his own watchwords of every good boy and girl. worth. He may think that he is worth Whether at home, at school, or on the more, but his teachers who are in a betplayground, loyalty should be practised. ter position to judge him may think Loyalty is. a necessary virtue which otherwise. If a pupil thinks that he is ev(iry good pupil should possess. A pu- being misjudged, he should not stop pi! may be honest, obedient, industrious, working hard; he ··should not get disbrig~t and full of ambition, but he can- couraged and sulk: .. · H~ should keep o;n not be considered an excellent pupil un- . wo~king hard just. the same and very less he is loyal to his teachers and to the soon his teachers will find out that he rules of his school. . Loyalty should not is really worth more. be construed to mean bowing down like A loyal pupil is one who studies his a lowly servant to a haughty master. lessons willingly ·and accomplishes liis A pupil can be loyal without being ser- tasks whole-heartedly even without bevile. Loy a 1 t y means, among other "ing watched or supervised by his teachthings, giving due respect and honor to ers. A loyal pupil never seeks special everybody to whom respect and honor and unreasonable privileges from his are due. teachers. Loyalty cannot be seen, but If a pupil talks ill of his teachers and it can be felt. Your teachers can easily school when he fails to get high grades tell by your actions, speech, attitude, spirit, and by the quality of your work "' Principal, Siasi Central School, Sulu. whether you are a loyal pupil or not. October, 1937 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 279 THINGS TO DO Reading the Clock By B. HILL CANOVA ill Each Roman Number stands fot one hour. Each Rom an Number also stands for five minutes. The clock has two hands-the "hour hand" and the "minute. hand.;, The minute hand is longer than the hour hand and it travels faster than the hour hand. There are sixty minutes in an hour. Each time the hour hand moves from T7ITT ~ one hour to another hour the minute .ll.lllJIII TIT hand has to travel all the way around TT . the . face of the clock. m '1 Look at the face of the clock. Count .IL.J. the hours, saying: one, two, three; four, --,.._~~-_,.. ,,,, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve. ====:@ Can you look at the clock and tell the time of day? If you are in the third or fourth grade it is time to start learning to read the clock. The clock face shows twelve hours. The numbers for the hours are usually different from the kind of numbers we use every day. They are called Roman Numbers, and are written this way: I means 1 VII means 7 II means 2 VIII means 8 III means 3 IX means 9 IV means 4 X means 10 V means 5 XI means 11 VI means 6 XII means 12 How many hours does' the clock face show? (Twelve.) · Notice the small numbers just outside of the clock face. You will not find these on the real clock. I have put them on the picture to help you until you become accustomed to counting the minutes. We read the minutes by five's. Read the minutes, saying: five, ten, fifteen, twenty, twenty-five, thfrty, thirty-five, forty, forty-five, fifty, fifty-five, sixty. How many minutes are in one hour? (Sixty.) Which hand is longer, the hour hand or the minute hand? (The minute hand.) In one haul' how far does the hour hand move? (From one Roman Num(Please t.urn to page 292) 280 THE YOUNG CITIZEN October, 1937 Hobbies and Recreations-Pedro Labrador By I. PANLASIGUI ticipate in the extra-curricular activi · ties, of the school nor in the social affairs of the community. He seldom went to a talkie. "We are going to have a program this afternoon, Pedro. Will you come?" asked one of his classmates one afternoon. "No, I am sorry I cannot." "Why?" "Because I have to prepare my report on current events." "You seem to do nothing but work and study! Why don't you play once in a while?" "What kind of play?" "Go to the talkies, swim,, attend programs, and the like and have a good ONCE UPON a time there was a time." young man whose name was Pe- · "I like to do those things, but first I dro Labrador. Since he was in should study, equip myself with a prothe grades Pedro formed the habit' fession. Work a little, save money. of working when he was not studying Then when I have a life career and some and studying when he was not working. money in the bank, I shall begin to gn This was so because his parents taught to the talkies, swim, attend programs, him that children should learn early to and have a good time. Just now I must love work. They believed that happi- study." ness in life should be attained through Pedro Labrador finished the high hard work. Accordingly Pedro was school with honors. He was the valetrained. And it was a good coincidence dictorian He went to the Universitv because his name, Labrador, (Spanish and soon. graduated from the college of word) means worker. law. He passed the bar examination. In the high school he was considererl and established his law office in his by his teachers the most studious boy. home town. He was always on time with his home Three years after he opened his law work and oftentimes always the highest office, Pedro became a very popular and in his grades. However, he did not par- <I'lrmw 11m1 10 JJ(lue 2.91) '-. : 'THE YOUNG CITIZEN The birds are sinS-ing, Be kind to-day, I'll feed a dog or a cat ri3ht n<M, :2 ~ \ ..J - ~ ~ ..J I~ ~ • I j " iJ • I J I J -1 - - 5e kind some \vay, Be kind to-dalj· - I'll help some -how, 1'11 find out hov 1;p 1 I J J J J J I J tt And l \Jill do ,.;hat the~ sa~, the~ sa~, Or give a drmk to a horse or cow, lfy~ ) I J J J J J' I VII I'll help some crea -ture to - da~. I'll help some crea-ture to -<;lay . 281 282 THE YOUNG CITIZEN October, I rJJ; ELEMENTARY SCIENCE SECTION THIS EARTH OF OURS HOMES IN THE ANIMAL EARTHQUAKES Are you still aSking your friends and relatives what they did during the earthquake of August 20? You can not readily forget your fright that night, or the many funny and pathetic actions you saw around you. You must have thought it was the end of the world. And th.! next day you must have asked for and heard different explanations of earthquakes. Let us have some facts abcuc earthquakes. An earthqtlake is a trembling of the earth's surface due to causes not conn~cted with human activities. Earthquakes differ much in strength. Some are so gentle as scarcely to be felt; oth~r.s are so violent that buildings are overthrown. holes known as crevasses are opened in the surface of the land and masses of rock are loosened from cliffs and thrown into the valleys below. Earthquakes sometimes disturb the waters of the sea, causing destructive sea waves: Danger from earthquakes comes largely from the fall of buildings and from the great sea waves. Earthquakes are perhaps most common in volcanic regions, though not confined to them. Earthquakes are probably due to many causes. It is very interesting to hear what the old people have to say about their causes. Tell your classmates some of these explanations you have heard from your neighbors and acquaintances. Some small earthquakes are perhaps due to the falling in of the roofs of underground caves. Earthquakes accompany strong· volcanic eruptions. Great landslides and avalanches or the movement of ice on mountain sides may also cause earthquakes. But the principal cause is the slipping of one great body of rock past another. This is known as faulting. The changes in the surface of the land made by earthquakes are many. Springs are disturbed, old ones stop flowing and new ones appear. Some earthquakes cause landslides. From some holes in the earth escape bad-smelling gases. Earthquake waves destroy animals and fishes of rivers, bays, <md even of the ocean. (Plerue turn to page 294) . KINGDOM THE ROOM OF A MASON WASP Some men are called masons. When masons · build, they use different materials from those that carpenters use. Do you know what masons 'build with? They are workers in stone and bricks. Now, some of the little creatures of nature build their homes of stone and some in day. Have you never found or seen a little clay jug 01 jar on the branch of a tree or just outside vcur' window at home? When you go home today, try and look for one. If you should watch it daily, perhaps you will be able to see a queer little creature alight near the jug. She has a very, very slender, pinched-looking waist; but you must not blame her for that, because she is a kind of wasp and grows tha~ way naturally. She walks with a restless shake of her wings to the open jug and drops in something that she brought in her mouth. Then with a jerky flirt of her wings she flies away without even noticing you. Before long she is back again, and this time if you look sharply and quickly you will see that it is a little green caterpillar that she drops into the jug. The caterpillar is limp and it does (Plerue tuni to page 289) October, 1937 THE YOUNG CIJ"IZEN 283 PLANTS ABOUT US USES OF THE NIPA Our national tree is the narra. But the hum·· blr. nipa plant, friend of poor and rich alike would be a more fitting symbol of our islands. The typical Filipino family lives in a nipa house. The nipa plant is a modest member of the family of palms. It grows humbly in muddy tidal flats or in narrow strips along inland streams. In the public· forests of the Philippines alone there 2.re more than 52,000 hectares ot nipa swamps. Nipa gatherers cut maturing petioles and slash the leaflets with a sharp knife. The leaflets ate then doubled back about one third of their length, arranged over a slender piece of bamboo so that they overlap. and then sewed on with sliced rattan making a shingle. Bundled in tens. the shingles are then shipped to the towns by cart and boat, peddled on the st:::eet by loud-voiced porters. They sell for from P3 to P7 a thousand. depending on the grade of nipa. Nip.a has other uses. The leaves can be made into raincoats, sun hats, wrappings for rice cake. The midribs can be made into brooms. The petioles serve as food when young, or as firewood when dry. Even the seeds are edible. But its most popular product is tuba. For three months (Plea~c turn to page 28.9) SAMPAGUITA By MOISES S. VIVIEZCA Sampaguita ! Lovely flower! Full of promise! The sampaguita is the national flower of the Philippines. It is made the national flower of our land by the proclamation issued by Governor-General Frank Murphy on February I. 1934, through the recommendation of a committee appointed by the Secretary of Agriculture and Commerce. Nearly every well organized country in the world has adopted a certain flower to represent its traditions. Japan, for example, has her chrysanthemum, France her fleur-de-lis, and America her wild rose. There is much in a flower to have and to hold.-its frag~ance, its loveliness, its charm. The sampaguita is the symbol of our wealthiest sentiments. It depicts the physical and mental character of our people. Its fragrance brings back sweet memories. It gives courage to old age and hope to the youth. It is enchanting when worn as a necklace. The sampaguita plays an important part in the leiends and traditions of the Filipino people. It is th£ most beloved flcwer throughout the Philippines. Its pure white fragrant blossom symbolizes purity, humility, love. hope, and reverence. 284 THE YOUNG CITIZEN Octobe-r, 19;; l Termites Have you ever gone downstairs one early morning and found a mound of earth near your stairs? Perhaps you just glanced at it indifferently but your mother must have given an exclamation of annoyance as she said, "ANAY again! Oh, we will soon have the roof of our house on our heads." She might have ,lsked you if you happened to know of any way to destroy anay or white ants. Now what do you really know about these destructive insects? Their correct name is termites, although they are often called white ants. This is probably b(cause the workers of most kinds_ of termites arc white, but termites really are not ant.'\. During certain seasons of the year the adult ter-. mites fly away from the colony, usually in large swarms. At night they are attracted by the li~ht and enter our hollses. "Ah, it will rain tonight," is the belief of the old people when they see these flying termites. The next morning many pieces of broken wings may be seen about the lamp .but few it any termites. Those that escaped begin to estJ.blish new colonies, each colony being started by one male and one female, or the king and queen. Before starting the colony they break cff their wings if they did not get them broke!l off accidentally in the flight, because wings arc ia the way when burrowing into the ground O!" wood. The place selected for the colony deprnds upon the particular kind of termites. The ground termite seeks a suitable place in the ground and the house termite one in some crack or crevice of wood in the house or furniture. Termites are found all over the world. There <.re more than thirty kinds in the Philippine Islands. Unfortunately the most common kin9 is also the most destructive. This termite des1 '"OYS the framework of houses by eating them away and leaving them shell-like and weak. It may eat books, furniture. clothing, and other material too. Though this t~rmite eats away the timbers of buildings it is believed that in crder to get moisture it must keep a connectior. with th:? ground. The qti.een and young stay not in the house but in the ground. The workP.rs of these insects first enter the house from the ground. Sometimes they build their cunnels over stone or concr\?te walks or foundations in order to get to the wood of thz house. The best way to destroy this termite is to find these tunnels and follow them to their colony and then destroy the colony and the queen,. above all others, for she lays the eggs. Termites may also be poisoned. A kind of ScIU.tion called Paris Green is blown into the caiials of the nest with a dry sprayer. The workers get this on their bodies and spread it through the channels. All are poisoned that eat it. Other termites eat the dead bodies and get poisoned. One kind, called the house termite, lives in small colonies in. boards of the house, picture frames and furniture. Their presence may be detected by the small piles of little round pellets of waste from their bodies that they drop thru the openings of the boards. They are often C:llled gorgojo or bucbuc (borer). It is difficult tc keep this. ~ind of termite from entering. f\ l:ouse because they_ fly into it in their winged state arid it is difficult to get rid of them because they do not need to keep a ground connection. About all. that cafi be done is to destroy as many as possible of the flying termites and watch for the· p"resence of a coiony befofe it gets large enough a'iid the~ poll.ring or squirting kerosene into their smclff'.tunnels. The ·best slogan to <l<lopt with termites is "DANGER! Be always on the alert for them." And destroy them at th( first signs of their presence in the housC. October, 1997 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 285 SAFETY SECTION Tandang Pedro's Story By QUIRICO A. CRUZ* Kaingin is a quiet little barrio in the town of Santa Rosa, Laguna. & it is located on rhe shores of Laguna de Bay. the people living in it engage themselves in fishing and duck raising. In this peaceful little barrio lives an old man known to every barrio folk as TANDANG PEDRONG BULAG. Aside from being blind in enc eye. he has a big scar on his right cheek Vlhich makes hlm look very ugly although not frightful. Added to this already great misfortune Tandang Pedro has but one arm. He lost his left arm when he was but fourteen years old. However. in spite of all these handicaps, Tandang Pedro is considered one of the best fishermen in his barrio. He is kind, industrious, and peaceful. He is loved by the children because he tells them interesting stories. One Friday afternoon. While Tandang Pedro was sitting under a Camachili tree and busy m£nding his fishing nets, a group of school boys gathered around him and requested him to tell " Gregorio del Pilar Elementary School, Manila. them a story. "What story do you want now?" asked th<: old man. "Please tell us the story of Mariang Makiling," requested little Peping. "We have heard that story many times. Kindly tell us a new one," suggested Berong. "Do you know any detective stories?" "Suppose you tell us a ghost story," said Andoy. pretending to be brave and serious with his suggestion. "A ghost story!" exclaimed Andres. ··1 wonder if you really want to hear one." "Whose suggestion shall I take?" broke the old man. "Mine! Mine" from the boys. '·Well, to be fair with all of you, I'll not take <:ny of your suggestions. What do you say if I tE'll you a story about myself?" "All right. Anything you think worth tellin~ us will be appreciated,'' replied the children in a chorus. They gathered closer to the old nian. In their faces could be seen an expression (Please turn to page 292) i86 i'HE YOUNG CiTIZEN October, 1931 HEAL TH SECTION ANTONIO i The Health Crusaders By B. HILL CANOVA When Antonio has been digging in his garden fer an hour. or has played a hard game of sipa or ,·olleyball he likes a refreshing drink from the milk of the young co::onut. He. is so strong aitd hralthy that he thinks nothirig of climbing right up after his own S9'onut wh~,~ever he feels thirs· er. He says,if·~IJJ; is stron·g enough to climb they need neVer go i:hirsty or htingry in Negros where the coconuts .grow plentifully. "When you dimb up after a coconut yourself you feel like really enjOying it," Antonio told some of his friends o ne da{ · ~ What i.S Antonio doing? What kind o'~'<Jrink_ does:-he .get from the co· ccnut? ' . ' · ~ Only a' healthy boy is strong enough to climb a tree. Qse rhe und~tlined expression in telling what you C 'an. .do .. By TOMAS TRINIDAD * (A play presmred by the fifth grade children of the San Andres Elementary School, MQnila, during the cel<bration of Child Health Day, Sept. 7. / 9Jl) CHARACTERS Health Fairy Cleanliness Exercise Rest Boy T.B. Germ Typhoid Germ Dysentery Germ Cold Germ Cholera Germ Vegetables (As the play opens, the Boy is at the center of the stage wondering where he is. Behind the scene a h(!a/th song is being sung by a group o f p«pils.) Boy: Where am I ? Such lovely scenes! F~esh air! Tempting fruit ! This must be paradise. Health Fairy: (talking behind scene walking to the center of the stage) No, no, my dear Boy. This is not Eve's paradise. This· is healthland. Boy: (starting upon hearing the voice) Who. who is that? 0-0-0-0-a beautiful lady. Goodtij:ss me. she might be a witch! Health F.1iry: Do not be frightened. Boy: Whd are ·you ? Health Fairy: I :am the Health Fairy, queen of Heai~hland. I welcome you t() my domain. Make ·yourself a~ ho{Jle. (Buziing sound arid meows are hea.rd behind scenes)' Bey: What is that? Health Fairy: Those are our enemies. They are Cholera. Tuberculosis Typhoid;. Dysentery. and Cold. Every year they kill thousands of Filipinos. BOy: Good gtadous ! I am "afraid of them. They m-ight get me. Health Fairy: Surely, if you will be careless of your he.a1th. In a moment, they can kill you. too. But come with us and join the Jight against them. (She taps the floor with her • San Andres Elementary School, Manila. October, 1.9J1 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 287 wand and her soldiers, Cleanliness, Vegetables, Rest, Exercise, and Fresh Air, enter) Boy: (looking up to the Health Fairy) Who are they? Hral~h Fairy: They will introduce themselves to you. Cleanliness: I am Cl~anliness. The best way to keep those germ enemies of health away is by keeping clean. Everyone should be clean in body and clean in mind. If we keep clean no germs may harm us. Boy: And who are you? Exetcise: I? I'm Exercise. Exercises makes the blood strong enough to fight the germs. keep people alert. When one does not exercise at all he grows very fat but very soft likt> cotton. He becomes slow and lazy. Boy: Good! I'm glad to hear about that. I'w been drilling snappily. But why is Rest with you? Rest: All work and no play makes you dull. All exercise and no rest makes you stupid, sleepy, thin, and lazy. Most children do not rest at all. Consequently they get thin. Without rest your body has no time to build up more muscles and tissues to make you grow an1 to keep you strong. Health Fairy: Do you rest at noon. my Boy? Boy: Surely, Health Fairy. I do. After playing I feel better when I rest. ff\I Jail to do so I am sleepy in the afternoon. Who are those other two? Fresh Air: My name is Fresh Air. I keep· the lungs strong and give good food to the blood to carry about. In crowded places they do not have me, that is why many easjly fall victim to Tuberculosis. Boy: But air is present everywhere. Fresh Air: It is so, but if you cl6se your windows especially at night, I can no~ enter. Then you become pale and sickly. Fresh Vegetables: Don't you know me? I'm called Fresh Vegetables. Many children do not know me yet. They do not eat me but I am the best source of vitamins and other substances that keep you bubbling in health. 't supply you with the best nourishment. All children should learn to like vegetables. Ht>alth Fairy: Do you know all of them now~ Bor: Thank you, Health Fairy. for introducing them to me. I am happy to be acquainud with such helpful friends. Health Fairy: Be prepared then tO do baqle to our enemies, the disease germs. · Our motto is 'Health for every Filipino' All Health Friends: "H'ealth for every Filipino!" Boy: To the fight! ·(Exit all) (Please turn to page 293} l88 THE YOUNG CITIZEN October, 19J":' ANSWERS TO THE QUESTIONS ON PAGES 272-273 GRADE ONE GRADE TWO GRADE SIX ~ three coffee tea three cocoa me GRADE THREE Go to bed eariy Go to bed late Go to bed early Go to bed late Go to bed early Go to bed late Go to bed early Go to bed late GRADE FOUR banana mango pineapple water-melon GRADE FIVE Eyes eyes see lands exercises water wholesome life thoughts happy GRADE SEVEN Cover your face when you cough or sneeze. Keep them out of your mouth. Eat food that is good for you. Play in the fresh air every day. KEY TO ANSWERS (Continued from page 274) I. 1. died 6. smelled 2. frightened 3. terrible 4. disturb 5. carefully . 7. loving 8. bravery 8. listen to 10. jokes IL 1. They perished in the fire. III. 2. They were filled with horror. 3. George killed the dreadful dragon. 4. It is not proper to interrupt him. 5. We should cross the streets cautiously. 6. Caught the scent. 7. An affectionate daughter. 8. He was known for his strength and valor. 1. affectionate 6. interrupt 2. dreadful 7. cautiously 3. filled with horror 8. heed 4. perished 9. valor 5. caught the scent 10. jests October, 1937 THE ROOM OF A (Cantin ued lrom page 280) not squirm. It does not crawl out of the jug while the wasp is away hunting, for more. She brings another and another and another, until the jug is full of limp caterpillars. The next time the Wlsp comes she has something different in her mouth. It is a ball of clay, and with it she plugs the mouth of the jug very smoothly and ,nicely. The little potter has now finished the jug that she made and filled and sealed without any help. She will not come back to it again. The mother wasp has no need of her finished jug, but there is something inside that THE YOUNG CITIZEN has use for the canned meat that has been packed away. Before she sealed the jug, the mother insect put in an egg. When tho! egg hatched, the baby wasp would have plenty of food to eat, and there is nothing that would agree with it so well as tiny caterpillars. As this kind of young wasp is a soft, helpless, footless little thing (much like a baby hornet or a bee) it cannot catch food for itself. It does not need to try. There is enough in the jug. About twelve days later a little hole will be broken .in on one side of the jug and out will come a queer. little slenderwaisted creature' that 'with an uneasy lift of her tiny wings KIKO'S ADVENTURES 289 USES OF THE NIPA (Continued from page 283) the nipa flower stalk yields a fine flow of juice. This is collected by the thousand of liters. distilled into alcQhol. made into vinegar or sugar, or allowed to ferment to become tuba. So you see how useful a plant nipa is. It will keep your house dry, sweep yo~r floors. feed your fires and warm the heart. Like the bamboo, mother nature seems to have especially provided the nipa plant for people like us who live in the tropics. Can you add to the many uses of the nipa that you have heard about today? flies to the window, out into the sunshine. 290 THE YOUNG CITIZEN October, I.?.11 MOTHERS' GU I DE IN CARE OF CH I LDREN 1ht !f oung titiltn PANTRY The rain is with us once more BY and mean to stay for some time MISS JULIANA MILLAN * because the rainy season has come. Witq the incessanr JELLIES rain, for continuous days and nights. most of the streets become awfully muddy while rivers and canals become swollen and overflow their banks. Low streets become knee-deep in water and classes have to be suspended in some cases. But the pittcr-patter-pour of the rain have varying effects on different kine.fa of people. To healthy, normal children it means frolic and fun in the flooded neighborhood and under the downpour. To chi! - dren with cold and to those whose parents are over-careful with the health of their children. it spells gloomy days at home with envy gnawing their hearts and Jn ardent longing to be among the crowd of merrymakers and fun seekers. Ah, rainy days are indeed both a blessing and a curse! In our dear old city, the favorite rendezvous when the rJin sets are the suburbs, likt San Francisco dcl Monte and Balintawak, where fruit trees * Teacher of Home Economic5, Emilio Jacinto Elementary School. abound. Both the young and the near-young throng these places for a few santols, guavas, seniguelas and duhat. Because they arc accustomed to buy fruits that arc several hours away from the mother tree and probably never having seen these fruits in their native abode, th~y derive much pleasure in getcing these themselves and eating them. not from the tree to the lips. as the poet say, but from the tree, to the g:round and then to the mouth. Here is where all laws of hygiene and health are flung to the winds, and people go native. They not only fill their stomachs but stuff their pockets, hats and hands and take these home. But upon reaching home, bccausr they are much satisfied, they just abandcin the fruits that have caused strife and energy. This should not be the case for these fruits can be made into sweets and jellies for future use. The native fruits that can be utilized for jellymaking arc santol. guava. duhat (native black berry), bignay. and tamarind. because they contain both pectin and acid which arc very essential in this. Most sour fruits contain not only acid but pectin as well. Pectin is sometimes called vegetable jelly and its presence may be tested by using steel knives for paring or divicling the fruit. If the knife becomes tarnished, then pectin is present. Mature and just ripe fruits are richest in pectin because this is changed into sugar when the fruit ripens. Jelly is a preparation made from fruit juices and sugar and boiled until it jells. Some of the characteristics of a successfully made jelly are: l. It must gelatinize when cool. October, 1937 2. It retains the shape of the container when it is removed from it. 3. It is clear, transparent and retains the flavor of the fruit after which it is named. 4. It is soft and pliant and moves when shaken but does not flow nor break. If the jelly does not jell, thrn it must be because of any of the following stumbling blocks: 1. The fruit contained toe little pectin. 2. The fruit• contained too little acid. 3. Too much sugar was used. 4. Too long or too short boiling time. I shall now tell you how to make some kinds of jelly. GUAVA JELLY Wash and cut into pi,eces fresh and just ripe guavas. Add a little water and boil until tender. Pour into a jelly-bag cut a piece of cloth into a triangle and sew two opposite sides together) and hang overnight to drain the juice. To every cup of juice add X cup sugar. Boil and skim the scum from the top every now and then. Or, better yet, strain thru a piece of cloth. Boil again and stir frequently to prevent the mixture from bubbling over and from sticking to the bottom of the container. Lift up the mixing spoon and when the mixture drops in balls, remove from the fire. Pour into jelly moulds or any suitable container to cool. SANTOL JELLY Wash. pare and divide fresh santols into pieces. Boil until the flesh is tender. Proceed in the same way as for Guava JelTHE YOUNG CITIZEN HOBBIES AND (Continued from page 280) successful lawyer. "'He is bound to be successful because he is very industrious," said a man in town. "Yes, even when he was a student he never fooled around with movies and athletics. He was al ways studying his lessons." said another. "Now, he is popular and successful.'' One morning there was an excitement in his office. He was in the middle of an interview with one of his clients when he suddenly fainted. "Call a doctor!" said one of the clerks to the office boy. Dr. Jose came. He was a high school classm;te of 'Attorney Labrador. He examined his friend and he discovered that h<! had a high blood pressure and some symptoms of nervousness. Dr. Jose took him to a hospital for treatment. Pedro remained in the ho~pital for several days. · The doctor advised him to have some exercise and recreation. He promised to try but somehow he could not make himself take regular daily recreation and exercise. He must work because it was his habit to work; besides, he had many clients. ly, adding I cup of sugar to every cup of juice. Another way to test if the "jellying" point is reached: drop a little of the mixture into a pan of water. If it forms a soft mass and retains its shape in the water, remove from the fire and pour into suitable containers. Serve when it cools or set aside for future use. 291 ·'Do you remember what you told me when we were in the high school? You said that after attaining success you would have time for wholesome pleasure," Dr. Jose rem'inded ~ttor ney Labrador. "Yes. Many times I feel like going to the talkies at night. play golf, tennis, or swim, but somehow I can riot." said the lawyer. "The truth of the matter is this-habit made work your master. Y dur life is so made that recreations have no more place in you. You cannot en ... joy those things now even if you want to and have time. The desire to participate in thoSe things so that they would bring to you real enjoyment should have been cultivated when you were yet young. I am afraid now it is too late!" "That is true," said Attorney Labrador, "talkies, golf. the athletic activities or the like bored me. I do not enjoy them. I have more enjoyment in my office reading law books. and writing briefs." "Yes, but the office work alone would bring you no relaxation which is very necessary to one's health and happiness." Five years later Dr. Jose was reading the Tribune. To his surprise and sorrow he read tti~ story of the death of his friend Attorney Pedro Labrador. "He is young; he is very popular and has already achieved a degree of success that is seldom achieved by an ordinary hwyer of his age," he read a part of the story in the Tribune. "Yes. It is too bad," said the doctor. "He went too fast." 292 T ANDANG PEDRO'S (Continued from page 285) of eagerness and a feeling of delight. "Look at this picture," the old man began,-showing a picture of three boys. "Which of the three do you like best?" "The one at the middle," replied Pepe. "Yes, the one at the middle." agreed the others. "He looks smart and handsome," commented Cornelio. "That is true. He was the handsomcs~ among· the brothers," sighed the old man. But. now he is the ugliest and the most unfortunate among chem." "What do you mean?" asked the children. "That one at the right is my youngest brother; the one at th_t left is my eldest brother and, who do you think that fellow in the middle is?" asked Tan dang Pedro. "You mean . ?" Momoy was about to ask something but. before he could finish his que~ tion, the old man, who readily guessed what was to be asked. replied, ''Yes, yes, that is my picture. I was the handsomest among my brothers. I lost the sight d my left eye and my left arm two years after this picture was tahn. If you wit listen carefully I will tell you how I lost my arm and got this ugly scar on my face. "One rainy day in the month of August, I was with a group of friends bathing under the heavy rain. We were very happy. We chased one another. threw ~ud at each other, and did all the foolish things that THE YOUNG CITIZEN boys do when they becomt wild in their play. 'INDO!' called Akong, my best pal. 'Uncle Timo's guava trees are laden with fruits. Let us buy alamang and with those half-ripe guavas 0 boy! what a swell time we shall have.' "I called all the boys and told them of our plan to which they readily agreed. " 'Where are you going?' my father asked when he saw us going away. "'We shall pick guavas, sir.' I replied hurriedly. " 'If you will pick guavas don't climb the trees. The branches are very slippery.' "My friends am;l I went to Uncle Timo's guava trees. I forgot the warning given by my father and climbed the tallest tree which was heavily laden with fruits. I was considered the best in everything by my playmates and was always ready to prove that I r"e;ally was the best among them, even in climbing trees. I climbed higher and higher until I reached the topmost branch. There were many fruits at its end. With all my strength I shook the branch. The ripe guavas gave way and dropped to the ground. My friends busied themselves pickink up the fallen guavas. " 'We have enough,' shouted my companions. 'You better come down now.' "'Yes. Just one more SHAKE!' I shouted back, and shook the branch with all my might. More guavas fell. Because the branch was too slippery, my feet slipped. I lost my hold and fell to the ground with the guavas. My face struck October, 19J7 THINGS TO DO (Continued from page 279) her to another Roman Number.) How far does the minute hand move in one hour? (All the way aro~nd the· face of the clock.) Now, which hand travels the faster? (The minute hand.) Why? (Bec-ause. there are sixty minutfs in one hour.) You are now ready to start using the picture of the clock. Paste the picture of the clock on a cardboard. An old tablci: back is good for this purpose. When the paste is dry cut out the face and the hands. Stick a common pin through the center of the x on the minute hand against some bamboo stumps. Something pointed pierced my left eye and I saw stars. then, the stars disappeared and everything was darkness. I lost consciousness and when I came to life again I found myself in bed. My head, face, and left eye were heavily bandaged. 1 tried to feel my face with both hands and co my surprise I saw only the right hand. I tried to lift my left hand again and again and only then did I realize what happened to me. I felt my left hand with my right. It was not there. I cried. I cried bitterly with the thought that when I get well I would be forever blind and a helpless cripple." Tandang Pedro sighed a deep sigh. "That is all boys. I hope you will benefit from my experience," he concluded. The boys thanked the old man and went home with a feeling of sympathy toward poor. oneeyed, one-armed. and scar-faced, TANDANG PEDRO. October, 1937 (the longer hand); then stick it through the center of the x on the ·hour hand (the shorter hand). Now with both hands on the pin, stick it in the center of the clock face. The minute hand will be on top of the hour hand. Place both hands at XII (twelve). With both hands on XII the clock says, "Twelve o'clock." Move the hour hand just slightly passed XII (twelve). and the minute hand to I (one). The clock now says, "Twelve, five." This means five minutes after twelve. Move the hour hand slightly and the minute hand to II (two) . Now the clock says. "Twelve, ten." This means ten minutes after twelve. Sometimes we say ten passed twelve. Move the hour hand slighd y and place the minute hand on III (three). Now the clock says, "Twelve, fifteen," meaning fifteen minutes after twelve. Move the hour hand slightly and the minute hand to IV (four). The clock says. "Twelve. twenty": that is, twenty minutes after twelve. Now move the hour hand slightly and the minute hand to V (five). The clock says, ··Twelve, twenty-five." Move the hour hand half way between XII (twelve) and I (one). and place the minute hand at VI (six). The clock now says, "Twelve, thirty," or "half past twelve." Notice that the minute hand has gone half way around the face of the clock while the hour hand has gone half way between two Roman Numbers. Move the hour hand slightly THE YOUNG CITIZEN and the minute hand to VII (seven). It is now seven, thirty-five o'clock. Move the hour hand slightly and the minute hand to VIII (eight). It is now twelve. forty. Move the hour hand slightly and the minute hand to IX (nine). The clock now says. "Twelve. forty-five." Move the hour hand slightly and the minute hand to X (ten) . The clock now says, "Twelve. fifty." Notice the minute hand is almost all the way around the faa of the clock. How many times have you move it? (Ten times.) Move the hour hand slightiy. almost to I (one), and the minute hand to XI (ele>1en) .. The clock says. "Twelve, fifty-five." Move the hour hand to I (one) and the minute hand to XII (twelve) . Now the clock says, "One o'clock." Notice that the minute hand traveled all the way around the face of the clock while the hour hand traveled only from one Roman Number to another Roman Number. In other words the hour hand mad; one hour and the minute hand made sixty minutes. How many times did you move the m i n u t e hand? (Twelve times.) Count the minutes by five's again. Practice with your picture clock until you can read any clock. Try to be able to read the clock before you receive the next issue of The Young Citizen. If you need help at firs"t take the picture clock to school and perhaps your teacher will help you and your classmates to 293 THE HEALTH (Continued from page 286) (Disease germs led by the Tuberculosis Germ enter creeping about) Tuberculosis: Sh-sh-sh-sh -(beckons to the rest) No one is about. Let.us wait for them. (when all are at th.? stage, Tuberculosis addresses them) My men, the Health Fairy is working hard to stamp us out. Last year I killed only about 300,000 Filipinos. This year we must do better. Kili! Kill! All: We must do better! KILL! Cholera: I've my friends al work in Hongkong! Dysentery\'& TyPhoid: Flies are many now. We can spread faster. Cold: Yes, and I am going after the children. This weather just suits me. All of them will sneeze-Katchooooooo ! (Health Fairy and soldiers with Boy enter) H. Fairy: My helpers, let us drive diseases out of our land. We want our Philippines to be the home of A-1 Filipinos so that we will be better able to defend her. Health Helpers: Hurrah, for Al Filipinos! No quarters for Disease Germs. (They rush at the Germs with their swords) Germs: (falling one by one) Help! I a~ dying! Helpers and Health Fairy (one foot on the fallen germs and hands stretched with the sword) Hurrah for health! read the clock. Soinetimes you can save your mother some steps by running in the next room to see what time it is for her. 294 JAR-MAKING (Continued from pa,ge 271) vincial customers. The tapayan is generally used for holding water. but it is also used for storing bagoong, syrup, native sauce, salted fish and other food products. These sizes of jars are manufactured in the kamalig: I Capacity kerosene cans liters Kaang 6 I 08 Primera 5 Yz 99 Segunda 4 72 Tercera 3Y, 63 Gusi I Yz 27 Other sizes and shapes of jars for various purposes may also be ordered according to specififi.cations and prices agreed upon. Defeci:ive jars are mended with cement and sold at reduced prices. Broken ones are sold to Paraii.aque customers who use them for lining their' salt field beds. Workers in ·a jar factory are paid by quantity production, the master potter and the beater being the highest paid. Jar making is a very old industry. The methods and implements used are primitive. Some of the terms used show later Chinese influence. The output is not large due to foreign competition in the form of empty oil drums. and galvanized iron and glazed containers imported from abroad. With government assista~ce and private initiative. the quality and the quantity of the locally produced jars may be improved and thus save this useful industry from finally dying out. ' Most of the data in this short article were secured at the factory locate<;! in Baranka, Mandaloyon, just opposite Makati, Rizal. The owner is Mr. Ceferino Francisco. THE YOUNG CITIZEN JOE AND THE BURGLAR (Continued from page 267) Father and Mother came home from s c h o o 1 at five o'clock. "Get ready, Joe," the mother said. "We shall all go to the show after supper." "May I spend the night at home with Rod, Mamma?" Joe asked. "Rod's mother has already given her consent." "They are showing a beautiful picture at REX. Joe. but if you prefer to stay at home with Rod, you may do so." the mother replied. At eight o'clock, father and mother were ready for the show. "We're going, Joe," said the mother as she d'escended the stairs. "Be good boys, while we October, 19-17 EARTHQUAKES (Continued from page 282) No one feels safe during ,an earthquake. All that one can seem to do is to pray and go out under the open sky, far from houses .and buildings, and wait in terror until ·the earth is safely stable again for frightened feet. the lower part of the window. "That's a ladder," Joe whispered. In reply Rod gripped Joe's hand. Then something below the window .creaked at shaft intervals. "He is climbing the ladder now," again whispered Joe. Rod gripped Joe's hand hardare away. We shall not be back er. until eleven o'clock." S"oon the blind moved. A As soon as his parents were gone, Joe and Rod went to the window and loosened the ends of the wire that held the window blind. They replaced it in such a way that a little weight placed on it would cause the blind to drop down. Then they tied the lower end of the wire that hung from the wood above to the center of the wire across the window. "All set. Joe?" asked Rod. "All set," Joe replied. "Now let's lie down and pretend to be sleeping." With eyes shut but ears open, they waited patiently for any sound from the window. The clock struck ten. Nothing happened so far. Ten minutes later. they heard a faint sound. Then there was a light tap on hand grasped the wire. One end fell down. The man pulled it with a jerk. The wood above fell down hitti~g the man on the head. Man and wood fell to the ground. The two boys jumped up from the bed and ran to the window. The man was lying flat on the ground with the wood across his body. He was unconscious. "Rod, run ro 'the muiticipal building and report the matter to the Chief of Police," said Joe. "They must come to arrest him before he regains consciousness. 'Tm off,'' Rod said as he ran toward the door. Ten minutes later, rhe Chief of Police and two policemen came. In a few words, Joe explained what had happened. October, 193i THE YOUNG CITIZEN 295 What! Dencio? ··Pick that up," ordered Domingo. "Once I heard him scolding a boy who was "What! Dencio?" retorted Cirilo. "I will report you to the principal." ·'What do I care, I am not Dencio, · · sneered Cirilo. Clarita, who was passing by heard the argument. She gf:'ntly pickec..i the piece of paper up ;md threw it in the garbage can. She was on ht'l' way to bet room when a group of mischievous children began annoying her. They began calling her Dencia, and Dencio mockingly. The teacher who was looking out of the window admired the calmness Clarita showed in taking in the jokes and insults of her classmates·. He was wonduing why it did not anger her a bit when everybody hated to be called by that name. He fully knew that to call someone by · that name was the easiest way to make enemies in that school. or in any other school in Tonda. Clarita's attitude wa~ 'indeed ·unusual. The teacher called her aside. "The children were mocking you this morning, weren't they?" playing with fire near a nipa house. He was threatening to give the boy to a policeman if he would not stop playing with fire: Wo1:1ld a bad man, sir, think of that?" "I never knew he was as thoughtful as that. Really, fire hazards would be lessen if all the citizens would do their share·. Was· that all why you admire him?'' "A truck load of furniture was being unloaded near our house. It happened that this man, whom everybody seems to hate, was gayly passing by. Someone joking! y invited him to help. Without further coaxing he. was there carrying the heaviest piece of furniture. This he did without expecting anything in return. "'Indeed, if only all the people are as helpful "But, sir, I like him more because he is very cntertammg. Just see him carry the lantern at the head of a band. The way he walksthc manner he sways his arm to the tune of the "Yes, sir. and they did that because I threw . music-the sway of his body when he makes a in the garbage can a piece of pape~ one of them turn are all very amusing. And what is more. rl.'fused to pick up." hear him declaim in the dialect. Even the best "Were you not in anyway hurt when they Tc::galog declaimer has nothing on him. I really called you Dencio and Dencia?" admire this man, sir. It does not matter a bit "Why should I be hurt, sir. Most people may not like that man, but if they know him the way I do perhaps they will be more sensible. There were incidents that made me admire him." whether they call me by that name or not." The teacher was very much amused to hear Clarita speak well of Dencio. He .was so impressed that he brought the matter to the class and taught his pupils a lesson they never forgot. "What, for example." Satisfied with the explanation, the Chief ordered to take the man to the municipal jail. When father and mother came, the Chief of Police told them what had happened. He praised the two boys for their cleverness in outwitting the burglar. (Next month: JOE AT THE MAGIC POOL) HELPS FOR STUDY AND ENJOYMENT Why did Joe stop on the way one afternoon? What lesson did Joe learn from the man whose money was stolen? Did that lesson do Joe any good? How? How did tbe two boys prevent the burglar from entering the house? 296 ! I I I i I THE YOUNG CITIZEN October, J.9.J: MY COUNTRY, THE PHILIPPINES My country is the Philippines! . I love my country, the Philippines! It is a very beautiful country. It is a family of many small islands. Luzon on the north, and Mindanao on the south, the two largest islands, are like parents watching over the smaller islands-Cebu, Panay, Negros, Sainar, ·Masbate, Mindoro, Bohol, Marinduque, Palawan, and others. My country is a beautiful country because it has many rivers, mountains, trees, and flowers. Throughout the year the trees and the grass are green, the mountains are blue in the distance, the flowers are in bloom, the·air is filled with the songs of the birds, and the school children are happy. My country is not only a beautiful country, but it is also a rich country. God has given my country, this happy family of islands, riches for everybody. It has forests, plants, vegetables, minerals, fertile soil, rivers, and animals that make it one of the richest countries of the world. My country is the Philippines, a happy family of beautiful islands. As a school child I love my country, the Philippines, because it has given me life. I am very proud because of its beauty, and I am very happy because of its wealth. -Dr. I. Panlasigui I I i I I L- I -----·----<!-' F~~(?{~~~~~~.(i""(~if="'.~1 .~~ :~:,<A:~:u~~h:~~dva~::dof ~~:~~~~d:l- ! mg on education, poht1cs, economics, scumce, hte1atu1e, bwg1aphy, humo1, t1ave1, and othe1 subjects of mterest, gleaned hom the woild's leadmg magazmes, books, and 1te\\~pape1s and eondensed fo1 qmck and easy 1eaamg. 1he 011g111als a1e by the g1eatest wr1te1s of Eu1ope. America, and Asia. The materials selected are those that are most likely to be of intm·est to Filipinos. PANORAMA 1s the very thing for those who have no tune to read, and are therefore missing some of the best things in life. One to three minutes will complete the reading of the ave1·age article. PANORAMA is' read by businessmen, professionals, public ollicials, teachers, students, clerks, etc. PANOJLOIA costs only one IJl!SO a year. Every issue is of permanent value. You will read it and reread it, and then keep it as a valuable part of your library for your whole family. ApproYed by the Bureau of Education-A. B. No. 6, s. 1937. Community Publishers, Inc. -I05 P. Faura, Manila Attention, School Principals!! PHILIPPINE BOOKS APPROVED by the BUREAU OF EDUCATION 1. A PRIMER OF THE PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION by v. G. Sinco-Approved in Academic Bulletin No. 1, s. 1936 as Supplementary Reader for Grade VII l'!.70 net. (hulispen._<;ab/e in Civics classes, many parts of the textbook on Civics being now obsolete.) ·) VOCABULARY BUILDING by J. C. PinedaApproved in Academic !lulletin No. 10, s. 1936, as Pupils' reference for Grades V, VI, and VII. To be purchased in sets P0.56 net. 3. COMMUNITY EDUCATOR in 2 volumesAppfOVed in Academic Bulletin No. 3, s. 1935 as Pupils' reference for Gra:des VI and VII on agriculture, gardening, health, social and economic conditions, government, politics, etc. also approved as students' reference for s<'condary schools. Price for the set of 2 books P4.00 net. -L CHARACTER EDUCATION READERS-Stories On Conduct by I. PanlasiguiA.B. No. 13, '· 1936 as Supplementary Reader for Grade V Pl.60 net 5. CHARACTER EDUCATION READERS-Thinking of Others by I. PanlasiguiA.B. No. 6, s. 1937, as Supplementary Reader for grade IV ... __ ........... __ .... __ . Pl.40 net. Sold Exclusively by COMMUNITY PUBLISHERS, Inc. 405 Padre Faura Manila, Philippines