Young Citizen, v.3 no.11 December 1937

Media

Part of The Young Citizen: The Magazine for Young People

Title: Young Citizen, v.3 no.11 December 1937
Issue Date: Volume 3 (Issue No. 11) December 1937
Year: 1937
Language: English
Rights
extracted text: DECEMBER, 193i AP.io1 11-"• 1. '3 •• MO. II ·.• ~ l ' • • ••• 0 • . This Magazine Is Approved by the Bureau of Education VOLUME 3 NUMBER 11 DECEMBER • STORIES The Little Poinsettia-Aunt Julia A Molher's Reward-Dolores Ttnman . Joe and the Disobedient Bov-Anronio C. Munoz The Christmas Party-B. Hill Canova The Clever Dog-Vicenta A. Lacsamana A Son for a Gift-Fortunato Asuncion Larry's Christmas Gift-Magdalena Flores e POEMS The Birth of Jesus-Lulu de la Paz-Gabriel 1937 Once in Royal David's City-Cecil Frances Alexandrr Rizal's Light-Francisco Carballo December-Herminia Ancheta • CHARACTER AND CITIZENSHIP The Girls' Resolution-Elisa }vforquez Be Prepared-Ricardo R. de la Cruz Christmas-/. Panlasigui • HEAL TH AND SAFETY Antonio--B. Hill Canova Manoling's Lantern-Quirico A. Cruz • SCIENCE AND NATURE STUDY This Earth of Ours Our Insect Friends and Foes Care and Treatment of Domestic Anim,ll.~ Our Minor Forest Product • WORK AND PLAY The Good Readers' Corner What's Yoar Hobby? Kiko's Adventure Learning New Expressions-Paz J. Eugenio Sexmoan-Fortunalo Asuncion Jokes The Young Citizen Pan1ry---Ju!iana Millan • MUSIC Noche Buena-Antonio Munoz 330 3)2 lH ll6 HO H8 154 129 Hl 151 152 Hl 151 160 H6 H6 \47 Hi '38 344 145 151 155 35'> 156 H5 Published monthly by the Community Publishen. Inc .. Td. 5.3;1.so. 405 P. :&'aura, :'olanilu. Pblllppina. Entered a! Secom! Clan Mail Matter at Manila Post Office on May 16, 1936. Editorial Director: Joie E. Romero, .Stafr Editor: /, l'a11la:<;gu;, Contributing'. Editors: Juliana C. Pinedt:i and Antonio Mtdlo.:z:, Staff Artist: Pedro Pavu"a, Business Manager: Emiliana. Ga•cia-Roaalea. • Subecriptlon Price: P3.00 for one 7ear of 12 i1111Uea: 12.00 in the United State• and foreisrn aoant.rie&. Sinll'le cop1. ao Hnt.a"'°'· · Sub1criptMJ.ri.i Grf! l-0 b1.'i>Gid to Comnumit11 P'll>I~"""''· l"c. Tl-l!; MAGAZIN!; !=OR YOUNG P!;OPL!; December, 1937 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 329 «he ilirth of ~csus And the shepherds awoke one night, And found a flood of .holy light, Filling all that cattle shed Which Jesus King chose for his bed. A bed of hay in a cattle shed, There Jesus laid his infant head, While above a holy star, While Mother Mary in pure joy, Could only thank Him for this Boy, And the world rejoiced upon his birth In the blessed town of Nazareth. Jesus is born, the Holy King! Ring out, 0 bells, while angels sing. We say our praises in song and poem, Of Christ now born in Bethlehem! Lulu de la Paz-Gabriel JJO THE YOUNG CITIZEN LITTLE ~TORIES FOR LITTLE PEOPLE The Little Poinsettia By AUNT JULIA "HAPPY D~YS Ettie poinsettia said. are commg. my leaves red?" December, 1981 "How can I make Happy days "Ask the cool wind to help you. Ask are coming." The little the warm sun to help you." maya sang. The big sun was just coming up. It The little poinsettia heard the maya. was bright and warm. The little poinsettia looked up. "Big sun, bright sun, please help me," "What does the maya mean?" she the little poinsettia begged. asked lier big sister. "Yes, little poinsettia, I know what The big poinsettia was smiling. She you want. Christmas is coming. You was happy. She was so happy that she must turn your green leaves to red," the became red. great big sun said. "Christmas is coming," she answered. "Thank you, big sun," the little poinShe smiled again and she became redder. scttia smiled. "We must greet Christmas with our "But I cannot do everything," the sun red blossoms," said the big poinsettia. said. "You must smile. .You must "You are growing red, Sister," the keep on smiling. Then ask the wind to December, 1981 THE YOUNG CITIZEN help you." The little poinsettia looked around. She felt the wind coming. The win<l was gentle. The wind was cool. "Wind, wind, please help me." "Yes," little poinsettia, "I know what you want. I shall help you. We shall make your leaves red. My cool breath will make them red." The little poinsettia smiled. "But I cannot do everything," the wind said. "You must smile and keep Gn smiling." The big sun came to help the little poinsettia. It was not hot. It was warm. It was just warm enough for the little poinsettia. The little poin- Christmas.,, settia was happy. She smiled sweetly. 331 She blushed as she smiled. The little poinsettia was very, very happy. She looked at herself. She The gentle wind came. Its breath was soft and cool. The little poinsettia liked the cool wind. It was just cool enough for her. She smiled. As she was red, as red as her big sister. "Thank you, big warm sun," she said. "Thank you, gentle, cool wind." kept on smiling she became redder. "Happy days are here again," sang One morning the big poinsettia looked a maya, from a branch overhead. down at the little poinsettia. "Yes, I know, little maya; and I am "Why, little sister, you are already ready. See my red blossoms. I am red. You are now re a d y to greet ready to greet Christmas." 332 THE YOUNG CITIZEN December, 1987 READING TIME FOR YOUNG FOLKS A Mother's Reward DOLORES TENSUAN • ALING NENA lovingly smiled as she waved good-bye to her husband and three children. How neat and prim her children looked m their snow-white clothes. How her hands trembled with love as she pinned sprays of cadena de amor on their breasts and with what ecstacy she reeeived their kisses before they left following the direction of the father who told them, "Go and kiss your mother, children. It is Mothers' D,ly today." She sat wearily on a chair and tried •Teacher, Washington li:lementary School, Manila. t.o recall with what effort she got up a~ five o'clock that cold December morning; how hurriedly sne cooked the breakfast, set the table, washed the plates, pots, and pans, cleaned the kitchen, bathed and dressed her children and put out fresh clothes for her husband. All these things were done in two hours. Just how she could do all these things day in and day out was no longer a marvel for she had long been used to do the work. ·The cry of her youngest, a baby of eight months, startled her. Merrily she approached the crib, took the baby in her arms and lovingly k i s s e d its hands, neck, and cheeks. The innocent smiles of her baby made her forget her fatigue. She lay on bed and tenderly nursed it. While lying down she felt a pain at the back and a slight headache. How she longed to give herself the luxury of a few minutes' rest, but such comfort was not to be had. She looked at the pile of dirty clothes lJBcember, 1937 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 333 to be washed, the socks and shirts to be mended, the beds to be tidied, the pieces of furniture to be dusted, the floor to be polished, and with a sigh she dismissed all thoughts of staying on bed. Her hands literally flew busily and skillfully so that by eleven thirty, the house was "spick - and - span," the clothes washed, and the table set for lunch. Aling Nena, with her baby in her arms, eagerly waited for her husband and children. Soon they arrived, each carrying a package. Junior, a boy of seven, ran as fast' as his legs could carry him and embracing his mother cried, "Look, Mother, see what I bought for you out of my own savings." Aling Nena laughingly opened the package .and how glad she was to find a kerchief. S h e p u t i t around her shoulders and exclaimed, "How lovely, and just the color I want, but why---er--what did--" She was not able to finish her question for in rushed Elvira and Jose who shouted, "Mother, Mother, see what we have for you, too." "And mine, too," added the father with a broad smile, as he handed her a big box. Aling Nena hastily opened the packages. Elvira's gift was a night gown, Jose's was a house dress, and I•'ather's was a sky-blue terno already made by her modiste. "How good you all are to remember me with all these, but aren't they too early for my birthday present? Tomorrow is my birthday, not now." "But it is Mothers' Day," chorused the children. You are all very thoughtful and good to me. Thank you very much," gratefully said the mother. A few minutes later, the happy family were merrily enjoying their iimch. "Mother," said Elvira. "Don't forget to attend our Mothers' Day program." "Yes, Mother, please don't fail to go to our school at four o'clock," seconded Jose .. "And wear your new terno," added the husband. "Yes, yes;" gaily promi s e d the mother. "How can I miss it when Jose will declaim? I hope you will do your best, Sonny." "Mother, I won't fail if you are there," was the chivalrous rep 1 y. The luncheon was over. The children helped Aling Nena wasn the plates and clean the table. Pretty soon they were all ready to go to school. "Be sure to attend the program, Mother," was the parting reminder of the children. Once more Aling Nena was alone. 8he glanced at the clock and was pleased to know that she had two hours more to spare for mending some clothes and getting supper ready before she dressed for the program. At four o'clock sharp she was at the gate of the Washington Elementary School, looking very lovely" in her new terno. A sweet looking teacher met her (Please turn to page 358) 334 THE YOUNG CJ rIZEN December, J!J,1; Joe and the Disobedient Boy By ANTONIO C. MUl'IOZ It is bad to be disobedient. 1 f a boy disobeys his mother, she feels unhappy. If he disobeys his teacher, the latter becomes angry. A disobedient boy is often punished. Sometime.g the punish?t1ent is severe. We sho111-1 "'l be obedient so that everybody will like us and· love us. The following story tells yoi1 how a disobedient boy wn.g punished. Try to find out how it was done. 0 NE NIGHT JOE and his mother visited a friend. While Joe's mother and her friend were talking, Joe busied himself with the comic pictures on the table. He was reading the adventures of Flash Go~den when he heard her mother's friend complain abo11t the conduct of her son. "Where is Pepe?" asked Jo~'s mother. "I don't know where he is," the other woman replied. "He always comes lat~. I wish he were like your boy." "Why does he come late? What d0eR he do?" Joe's mother was surprised. "He plays with other children. have told him several times to come home before eight o'clock but he does not obey me. The worst part of it is that he plays hide and seek with the other boys under the coconut trees. It is very dark there and I shouldn't wonder if accidents happen," Pepe's mother replied with a sigh. "Do they play there always?" again asked Joe's mother. "Every night," was· the brief reply. Joe heard all that the two women talked about. He pitied Pepe's mother. An idea came to him. "Mother, may I gil after Pepe?" Joe requested. "I should like to see some more of his comic pictures." "You may go, Joe," his mother consented. "Please don't stay out long as we shall soon go home." "I shall be back in a few minutes," Joe assured his mother as he ran down the stairs. When he reached the street, he saw a group of boys. He ran toward them but before he reached the spot, the boys had started to hide in different places. Joe picked out Pepe and followed him. Pepe was heading for the grove. Joe saw him climb a big tree. When Pept reached the top, Joe saw him lie flat on a big branch. It was a good hiding place and if Joe had not seen him climb the tree, he would not know that someone was hiding ther9. · "So that's your hiding place," Joe said to himself. "Tomorrow you will stop December, 1997 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 335 coming here and your mother will find a different boy." At eight o'clock Joe and his mother went home. Early the next morning, Joe went to see Rod. Together they planned how they would punish the disobedient Pepe. In the afternoon, they worked in the school shop for it was Saturday and nobody else was there. In the evening at dark, they went to the place with their equipment. Hastily th e y set everything in place. When Pepe and his friends were on the street ready for their games, Joe and Rod were ready with their trap under the tree. Soon Pepe was running towards the tree. As he started to climb, he saw a tall dark figure behind the tree. Pepe stepped back trembling with fear. Just a~ he was about to run away, two figures in black jumped out of the bushes an<l held him. These two figures wore masks. As fast as they could, they tied Pepe's hands behind him. A handkerchief was thrust into his mouth to keep him from making any noise. "You . are a disobedien.t boy, Pepe," said one of his captors in a low deep voice. "You have disobeyed your 1nother several times. She has been telling you not to stay out late at night. She has been telling you not to play under the coconut trees. You have not listened to her. It is bad to be disobedient but it is worse to disobey a mother." ·"Look at our master," the speaker went on as he pointed to the tall dark figure beside the tree. "He is the King of the Eli River. He has heard of your disobedience and he is here to get you. He will take you to his home and keep you there until you become a good boy. Now what do you say?" Pepe's tears rolled down his cheeks. The speaker pulled the handkerchief out of his mouth. "Speak," he commanded Pepe. Pepe was still trembling. "Yes," he admitted, "I have always been a disobedient boy. ·Because of that my mother has been unhappy." (Please t11rn to page 85.9) 136 THE YOUNG CITIZEN December, 1:197 The Christmas Party By B. HILL CANOVA "MOTHER," asked Pablo, "are "That makes seventeen guests, and we going to have a Christmas you three makes twenty. With that party this year?" many we can have a nice time," thought "Yes, if you, Anselma and Emilio the mother of the children. want a party you may have one. De- · "This is going to be fun. What cide whom you want to invite and we games shall we play?" will start planning it," said Mrs. San- "Hide-and-seek," suggested Pablo. tos. That is his favorite game. The three children each found a pen- "And San Pedro," added Anselma. cil and a piece of paper to make a list "High-jump, too," put in Emilio. of friends. "Would you like me to teach you a "Here is my list," said Anselma, "Bid- game that children seldom play now, dy, Baby Nell, Anita, Imogene and Luz." but it was a favorite when I was a little "And mine," added Emilio, "is Lo- girl?" asked Mrs. Santos. renzo, Billy, Pepe, Jose, Pedro, Alejan- "Yes, yes," agreed the three children. dro and Medio." "What shall we have for refresh"! will tell you my list, because I do ments?" Emilio wanted to know. He not know how to spell all of the names- was growing so fast that his thoughts Antonio, Tino, Vicente, Andres, and To- often ran to food. mas." Pablo counted them off on his "What would you like to serve?" fingers. asked the mother. December, 1937 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 337 "Egg sandwiches," was the older boy's bid. "Bibingka," was Pablo's suggestion. "A nice bowl of punch and cookies," added Anselma. "Yes, cookies! Cookies with nuts in them," Pablo exclaimed. "I will remove the hulls from the nuts." "If you will prepare the nuts I will bake the cookies the way you like them best," offered Anselma. "May I add some nice ripe bo-oiigon?" asked Mrs. Santos. "Yes," cherused the children, "we all like that." The party took place on the afternoon of Christmas Eve. The day before the children went from house to house to invite their little friends. Everyone accepted and was looking forward to a good time. The mother remained at home baking bread for the sandwiches. Christmas Eve Morning the whole family was as busy as could be. Little Pablo, besides preparing the nuts for the cookies, ran many errands. Anselma made the cookies and helped with the punch. Emilio took a basket to the orchard to gather some ripe bo-oiigon and searched everywhere for eggs. All helped to make the house tidy. Anselma took great pains in arranging the flowers for the table. By and by it was time for the guests to come. The mother and the children sat in the sala waiting for them. " "I am sorry," complained Anselma, that father is not here for the party." Soon the little friends gathered and the games started. After they ha.d played a while Anselma called her mother to come show them the new game. The children thought it was great fun for Mrs. Santos to play wit!: them and they liked her game. When it was time to serve the refreshments Anselma and Emilio led their friends to the table. The table looked so nice with its white table cloth and the basket of red flowers in the center, with green streamers running from the basket to each plate. Emilio sat at the head of the table as the host and Anselma was at the other end as hostess. Mrs. Santos and Pablo sat opposite each other on the sides of the table among the guests. Emilio served the sandwiches, Anselma the punch, and little Pablo'R eyes sparkled when he started the plate of his favorite cookies around the table. When everyone was about finished eating the postman came, bringing Anselma· a letter. At once she recognized the writing of her friend. "A letter from Trudie! Do you remember her?" "Indeed, we do," the children cried. "Shall I read her letter to you?" "Please do." "From the date," Anselma said, "thi~ letter has been more than five weeks coming to me." She read : "Dear Anselma,-Do you remember the Christmas party at your house last year? I certainly do remember it. What a good time all the children had! I was the oldest one there but I had as m u c h fun as the younger ones. "This is November, but by the time this (Please turn to page 357) THE YOUNG CITIZEN December, l 9S7 THE GOOD READERS' CORNER GRADE ONE This little bird is a may a. The maya is brown. It eats rice. GRADE THREE Maria, Ana, and Rosa are. sisters. Maria is small but she is older than Ana. Rosa is younger than Ana. Who 1. What is this bird's name? (Maria, i5 the eldest of the three sisters? Draw maya, M:fy, man) 2. What color is it? (black, bright. brown, blue) 3. What does it eat? (rice, lice, ice, mice) GRADE TWO ::t line under the correct name. Mina, Ana, Maria, Rosa. GRADE FOUR Juan and Pedro went Christmas shop· ping. They entered a large toy store. Little Anita is hold- Juan admired a big gun. "I wish I had ing a Iittl~ doll. She enough money for that," he thought. is hugging and kissing the doll. Anita is Then he walked on and looked at some singing and skipping toy soldiers. Pedro handled a drum. around. Is Anita happy? Yes; No. Does she love her doll? Yes; No. Is she sulking in a corner? Yes; No. Find the words which tell that Anita is happy. When he saw the gun, he paid for it at once. Did Juan like to buy the gun? Did Juan buy the gun? Did Pedro buy the gun? Decembe'I", l g37 THE YOUNG CITIZEN Intermediate Grades Knowing More About Christmas E. A. ZAGUIRRE * How much about Christmas do you IL Write the title of the poem or song know? Test your knowledge of Christ- where each of the following lines is takmas characters, legends, myths, poems, and customs by answering the following questions: I. Fill in the blank in each of these sentences with the right word. 1. On Christmas Day we celebrate che birth of --- ---. 2. He was born in the town of --in Judea. 3. In the Philippines the custom of [,ttending the --- - --- or early morning mass for nine days before Christmas is being observed. 4. The flower that is commonly used for Christmas decorations is the ---. 5. The Christmas tree had its origin m---. 6. The custom of portraying the scene of Christ's birth in churches is called the --- or cradle. 7. --- originated this custom. 8. The three wise men brought gifts of ---, ---, and ---. * Lukban Elementary School, Manila. en. 1. "Glory to the new-born King!" 2. "O come, let us adore Him." 3. "Let ev-ry heart prepare Him room, And heav'n and nature sing." 4. "Wake, 0 sleeping shepherds, awake, Let us join the angels' song." 5. "O Holy Child of Bethlehem! Descend to us, we pray." III. Give a synonym or brief explanation about each: 1. Noel 2. The King of Kings 3. The City of David 4. Kriss Kringle 5. Carol 6. The Messiah 7. The Magi 8. Mistletoe 9. Bambino 10. Las Posadas (Please turn to page 349 for the ansWers.) 340 THE YOUNG CITIZEN December, 19117 The Clever Dog By VICENTA A. LACSAMANA• RITA AND CARLOS were to have chases. "Take care when crossing the a treat that Saturday afternoon. bridge," Mother called to them as they Mother had promised that if they skipped merrily away with Bar<ing carwere good, would mind the baby, clean rying the basket in his mouth. the yard, attend to the firewood, she When they reached the brook Carlos would be able to get through with her ran ahead and tried to make the foot washing quickly. Then in the after- bridge away as he ran along. Barong noon she could cook bibingkas for them. dropped the basket with a little deNever had two children worked more quickly and never more gayly. Carlos wheeled Little Sister in the improvised milk case cart while Rita swept the yard and burned the dry leaves and the. pieces of paper. Then Rita rocked her in the bejuco hammock to sleep while Carlos cut the "madre cacao" twigs and carried them in. In almost no time at all the space under the stove was filled. He did not forget to set out the coconut husks under the sun so they would lighted bark and plunged into the water. "Naughty dog, he sure 1 y wants a swim," Rita called out as she picked up the basket. Before they left the store Carlos ~becked off their purchases to be sure they had everything their mother wanted and to see if the change given Rita was right. He put the two balls of thread into his pocket because the store.keeper had stuck a needle through them as a little "extra" and his mother would burn well when Mother cooks the rice not want to lose it. cakes. They even had time to bathe themselves thoroughly and to give the bamboo floors a rapid cleaning with wet ;·ags and banana leaves. After lunch Mother sent them to the store to buy soap, sugar for the rice cakes, petroleum and some thread. They must take with them the large basket so they could easily carry their pur•Teacher, Philippine Normal School, Manila. They carried the basket between them while Barong frisked teasingly in front. When they came to the bridge they walked very carefully. This time Barong did not choose to swim. He too was using the bridge. Suddenly he barked and ran wildly as a carabao driver bellowed echoingly to his herd. The frightened dog ran past Carlos' legs so that the poor boy slipped and down to the shallow brook the hasket fell. fX,cember, 1937 THE YOUNG CITIZEN HI "Foolish dog," Carlos shouted at Barong who was already shaking himself on the bank. When Rita pulled the basket out of the water the paper bag had n~ more bottom and of course no more sugar in it. Luckily the petroleum bottle was well corked so it was not spilled and the soap was only wet. Carlos was sore as he threw the empty bag at the dog for he was sure there would be no more rice cakes this week end. They walked home quickly to tell Mother the sad tale. When Carlos looked around for Barong because he was going to tie him up for being naughty he could not be found. "Maybe he is afraid,'' Rita ventured as she got out her toy pots as there would be no coconuts to grate anyway. After a while she heard Barong on the steps and looking out she saw him carrying a basket in his mouth. "Sugar, Mother," she cried when she felt the bag that was in the basket. Barong was now hanging out his tongue because he was very tired. "Clever dog!" they all cried, "but !:ow?" "You better go to the store and find out. Return the basket and take this ten-centavo piece so you can. pay for the sugar,'' Mother told Carlos. "Rita you rr.ay start on the coconuts." Carlos was back in almost no time panting out in happy excitement, ,;Mang Blas was so delighted with Barong he <lid not make me pay for the sugar. Do you remember, Rita, that I threw the ~mpty bag at him?, He bit that empty lottomless b'lg- and ran ·back to the store with it. H~ went right up to Mang Blas and showed him the bag. Mang Blas rightly guessed that the bag of sugar fell irito the river so he gave him another one." 342 THE YOUNG CITIZEN December, lfMt CHARACTER EDUCATION SECTION The Girls' Resolution ELISA MARQUEZ * "IF THERE were a real Santa Claus. what would you ask for?" joyfully asked Lita of her companions. "Oh! I would ask for a big doll," promptly answered Nora. "I would ask for more interesting books to read," exclaimed Luz, the voradous reader of the class. "And what would you ask for?" asked Lita of Milagring, who was the quietest of the group. "I would not ask for any material •Teacher, San Miguel Elementary School, Manila. gift. But if my wish were granted, I would be the happiest girl in the world," }\1ilagring explained. "May we know your wish?" queried the girls in a chorus. "You know how empty my life haf been since I lived in the orphanage. It is true that my fellow orphans are kind and the sisters in charge of us are veQ motherly. They are very loving, too. But girls, there is always a longing in me to see my parents once more." lengthily explained Milagring. ''Well, you know that to long for their presence would be futile. Come and be happy," said the carefree Nora. The girls by this time decided to move under the shade of the big acacia tree. where they would continue their conversation. As soon as they had settled down, Luz began, "Friends, Milagrings's words a while ago have set me to thinking. If we, who are fortunate enough to have our parents still with us be as thoughtful of them as our less fortunate friends, I am sure we shall make this place a heaven for our parents. Don't you think so, girls?" "Why surely we agree with you," said the girls. "And since Parents' Day is approaching, I am sure we can do our bit by doing something for our parents," suggested Luz. "What shall we do to show our lm·e for them?" asked Lita. (Please turn to page 358) lJeccmbe1·, 1937 THE YOUNG CITIZEN MEMORIZE A POEM A MONTH Once in Royal David's City Look at the pictures before reading the poem. Once in royal David's city Stood a lowly cattle shed, Where a Mother laid her baby In a manger for His bed; Mary was that Mother mild, Jesus Christ her little child. 341 Cattle .~bed· or scable He came down to earth from heaven, Who is God and Lord of all, Mang('r or stall And His shelter was a stable, And His cradle was a stall, With the poor, and mean, and lowly Lived on earth our Saviour Holy. And through all His wondrous childhood, He would honor and obey, Love and watch the lowly Maiden, In whose gentle arms He lay; Christian children all must be Mild, obedient, good as He. Cecil Frances Alexandei· l44 THE YOUNG CITIZEN December, 198'1 What's Your Hobby? Try this One ARTISTIC WOODEN STANQ FOR YOUR FISH BOWL By PEDRO CELESTINO THE BEAUTY of the Fish Bowl, which add greatly to the decorative setting in the home, can be greatly enhanced by elevating it from the table top by means of a stand. The support that I present here is composed of three swimming fish set at equal distances around two wooden discs by dowels (wooden pins) whose tail ends support the Fish Bowl. On a piece of wood %" thick, lay out the tracings of the three ( 3) fish (see fig. 1) and cut them with a jig-saw.· Then sand paper them very smoothly. On another piece· of wood 1/z" thick, cut out two discs with 21//' and 61/z" diameters respectively. On the rims of ;;he two discs, locate 3 equidistant points. Cut grooves %" wide and %" deep on '• ., the smaller disc for the fish to fit into. In the edge of these grooves, bore holes large enough for the dowels 1%" x 1,4". Likewise bore holes on the belly of each fish to match the holes on the disc (see fig. 2). Then fit the pieces together with glue. On three equidistant points on the larger diSc, bore h.gles 1/z" from the rim. As in fig. 2, pla~ ;this disc under the fins of the fish and bore opposite holes through the fish fins. . Cover the dowels with the glue and assemble the pieces together. Let the glue dry and then paint the stand with two coats of lacquer. Paint the fish as in fig. 2, With a little patience and care, a very artistic stand could be made very easily 'from pieces of useless wood lying around the house. D~cember, 1937 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 345 NOCHE BUENA , , J. ~ ti )· I L. jf :J. i ~ I J I A -lop -!:he etee -ple dim lan-terne elune,. I; r kl r JS I J. · r r: r· · r· <.J. I would mak.e them bri1t_hh~r, if all were mi niz. !_ "" ... '' :J /' r··I ti/~ ~· :J-1 J~:,l' JI r· r· 1 The - ni~lit is - moon-li1tnt, the - sb.y i~ dear; "" I~; ; r· I t"~ .r J-1 ;;~;:· J. l :J. r· I :All - soni;!"s on - Je -sus are - what l hear • . KIKO'S ADVENTURES 346 THE YOUNG CITIZEN December, 19,'J",' ELEMENTARY SCIENCE SECTION THIS EARTH OF OURS THE MAKING OF MOUNTAINS A long time ago when people believed in ·gads. <ind goddesses there lived a hero named Hercules. Hercules in the course of his adventure performed many difficult tasks as &etting the golden apples of Hesperidcs, cleaning the Aegean stables. Now when we want co describe a work to be accomrlished as difficult to achieve we say it is a HerOUR INSECT FRIENDS AND FOES THE CICADA "The shy cicada whose noon voice ring<; So piercing shrifl that it almost stings The sense of hearinq. ·· Have you ever tried to catch a cicada just to find out how it produces all the noise it makes? Th~ cicada is especially built for noise making. It is a living sounding board. The cicada accomplishes these results by means of drums. It has two drums under its abdomen. made of dry, crisp ribbed membranes. These drums an· cupped out and look something like shells from the sea shore. To the inside of them are atculean task. This leads us to describe the mak- t3 ched strong muscles. With these muscles it ing of mountains as Herculean, if we may not · vibrates the stiff membrane in and out. ~ay actually impossible. Possibly you have never thought that mountains were ever made. We call the earth's cov-ering its crust. Now the gradual thickening and shrinking of the earth's crust as it cools have made the wrinkles we call mountain systems all ever the world. Through millions of years the globe has been giving off heat to the cold sky .spaces through which it swings in its orbits around the sun. The cooling c~used the contraction of the outer layer to fit the shrinking -of the mass. The weakest places in the earth's crust were the first places to crumple. Perhaps the first wrinkles were not very high and deep. The gradual cooling must have exerted continued pressure, and the wrinkles become larger. (Please turn to page 358) The male insect makes the noise while sitting on a limb with his wife. He keeps it up from sunrise to sunset, but fortunately, is silent by night. The cicada belongs to that group of insects which lives by drinking the sap of trees and shrubs. They have augers which they sink into the bark and through which they drink sap . All insects which are sap suckers are enemil!s of man. If they wero? not restrained they would drink so much of th~ sap from plants that many of the latter would die and their kind would cease to exist. But the cicada is the least injurious of the sap suckers. The queerest of the cicadas is the periodical cicada. On a July day its egg hatches on the limb of a tree The tiny creature that emerges (Please turn to page 35.9) December, JIJ47 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 347 CARE AND TREATMENT OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS There is a legend to the effect that on the night before Christmas the dumb animals of man are given the power of speech. This is because some of these lowly animals were in the stables when on the first Christmas Eve our Lord was born in a manger. So for the sake of this belief let us give a kind thought to our domestic animals this month. Ever since animals have been captured and domesticated to hdp man, they have been subjected to other forms of torment even worse than what they encountered from their former enemies when they were wild. In· their domesticated state they have no way of defending themselves against the cruelties of man. Man may be either a friend er an enemy of animals. It is to man's best interest to take good care of his animals, as they represent a value either in service performed for him. or in actual sales value 1f he sells animals. There is another good reason for treating animals properly, which every' good citizen should keep in mind. This is the feeling which teaches man to be kind to other men and to animals. lhis feeling is something more effective than laws made by man. The abuse of animals is not confined to any particular people, nationality. or country. There clre guilty people in all countries. It is our duty individually and collectively to lessen the cruelties to our own animals first by taking proper care of them and thereby obtaining greater benefit from them. The animal that is most subject to abuse, from the very nature of its use, is the horse. Carabaos and cattle on the whole are treated with more consideration. People who raise hogs would get much better results if they would provide hogs and their other animals with dry, cool and sanitary quarters and give them appropriate feed. Dogs are not maltreated but they are often homeless and starved. It would be a credit to any community to get rid of these dogs completely as they are neither useful nor ornamental and sometimes are a menace. If dogs are killed the killing should be done without undue sufv OUR MINOR FOREST PRODUCTS PALMS OF ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE Our forests can be considered as storehouses of Mother Nature. Almost everything that we use in daily life can come from thei;n-from the gogo bark to wash our hair with, to the "kaong" that helps you relish your afternoon refreshment'i 3t a Japanese ice-cream parlor. The latter comes from a valuable palm known as "kaong" or cabo negro. Thi$ palm grows in low and medium altitudes in the forests and some are found in cultivation. Among the products of kaong may be mentioned kaong sweatmeat from young fruits; sugar and vinegar from sap obtained from young flowers. "lulug" a flossy fiber obtain{'d from the lowest parts of the petioles. for kindling fires; brushes, doormats, broom sticks, ropes, flooring and carryi~g stick from the stiff trunk. delicious salads and pickles from the bud, aQ.d thatching matrrials from the lea.ves. The most important product of cabo negro, or kaoyg. however, is its black fiber used for roofing materials and rain capes. Properly laid thatch roofs of the fiber last for a long time. Another palm of high economic value is the buri. The ti.bro-vascular bundles of the petioles furnish the buntal fiber for the famous Lukban .and buntal hats and for other woven articles. The leaves of the plant are woven into bags and mats. They also furnish the raffia which is woven into bags, hats, mats, and many fancy r.rticles. Sugar. vinegar and buri wine are fermented from the sap which flows out when the tree is tapped. The young fruits are used in the preparation of sweetmeats, and starch is extracted from the pith. It is an interesting palm in that it flowers only once, producing the largest inflorescence of any plant. A palm which is beginning to attract attention due co its suitability in the manufacture of fishing rods is anahaw known as "Palm brava." (Please turn to page 359) ~~~~ fering to the dog. When your animals are sick or you want spe" cial advice as their case, consult a veterinarian. Remember these animals can plead only with q•es and not with their tongues. 148 THE YOUNG CITIZEN December, 1987 A Son for a Gift (From Rizal's ''Social Cancer") FORTUNATO ASUNCION• High up on the slop!! of the mountain. near a roaring stream was a hut hidden among the trees. In the shade of a tree an old man was making brooms from the fibers of palm leaves, while a young woman was placing eggs, lime truit, and some vegetables in a wide basket. Two childrm,-a boy and a girl. were playing by the side of another who was pale and sad. "When your foot gets well," the little girl was saying' to him. "we'll play hide-and-seek. I'll be the leader." "You'll go up to thf top of the mountain with us," added the little boy, "and drink deer~lood with lime-juice and you'll get fat, and ~hen I'll te1ch you how to jump from rock t~ rock above the torrent." The pale sickly chil'd smiled sadly, stared at the sore on his foot, and then turned his gaze toward the setting sun. "Sell these brooms," said the grandfather to the young woman, "and buy something for the. .children, for tomorrow is Christmas." "Firecrackers! I want firecrackers!" exclaimed rhe boy. "I want a head for my doll," cried the little girl. catching hold of her sister's tapis. "And you, what do you want?'" the old man ...lsked the sickly, child. The sick boy tried hard to rise. He went near the old man. "Sir," he said, ''I've been sick more than a month now, haven't I?" "Since we found you lifeless and covered with wounds, two weeks have passed. We thought yc.u were going to die then." •Teacher, Rizal Elementary School. "May God reward you, for ~e are very poor," replied the sick child. "But now, that tomorrow is Christmas I want to go to town to see my mother and my little brother. They will be seeking for me." "But, my son. you're not yet well, and your town is far away. You won't get there by r:iidnight." "That doesn't matt.:r, sir. My mother and my little brother must be very sad. Every year we spend this holiday tog~ther. Last year the three of us had a whole fish to eat. My mother v. ill be grieving and looking for me." ~'You won't get to town alive. boy! Down there are soldiers and robbers. Don't you want tc see the firecrackers and play hide-and-seek? Tonight we're going to have chickens and wild boar's meat. My c;ons will be asking for you when they come from the fields." "You, sir, have many sons, while my mother has only us two. Perhaps she already believes that I'm dead! Tonight I want to give her a pleasant surprise, a Chri~tmas gift." "What will you give her?" Her long lost son is the gift I'll give her. Won't she be surprised?" answered the boy wirh childish delight. The old man felt the tears rolling down his cheeks, so placing his hands on the boy's head. he said with emotion: "You au like an old man! Go. look for your mother, give her the Christmas gift-from God, as you say. If I had known the name of yc.ur town I would have go~e there when you were sick. Go, my son, and may God and the Lord Jesus go with you." December, 1987 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 349 HEAL TH SECTION ANTONIO By B. HILL CANOVA One day Antonio's mother said, "Antonio, 1 am very busy. You go to the market and bring home something for our lunch." ''Very well," answered the little boy cheerfolly. "What would you like for me to briiig?" "You may select the things yourself. Herc is the money." Antonio's mother knew that her son's healthy appetite would tell him the proper things to buy. When he came home what do you suppose he brought? Put6? No. Bibingka? No. This is what was in his basket-pechay, radish, fish. unpolished rice, eggs, and bananas. KEY TO ANSWERS F1·om page 339 I. 1. Jesus Christ 2. Nazareth 3. Misa de Gallo 4. Poinsettia 5. Germany 6. Presipio 7. St. Francis of Assisi 8. Gold, frankincense, and myrrh II. 1. "Hark! The Herald Angels Sing" 2. "O Come, All ye Faithful" 3. "Joy to the World" 4. ~'Philippine Christmas Carol" 5. "O Little Town of Bethlehem" III. 1. It is a French word meaning Christmas. 2. Jesus Christ . 3. Bethlehem 4. It is a German name for the Christ Child who is supposed to give the presents. 5. It is the name given to a song of Christmas joy. 6. Another name for Jesus Christ 7. The three Wise Men. 8. It is a parasitic vine growing on hardwood trees. 9. It is an Italian name for the Holy Child that is exposed to the people after mass during Christmas. 10. It is a religious drama performed the night before the birth of Christ. Choose the Word that best describes Antonio· honest, helpful, wise, industrious. Give reasons for your .choice. 150 THE YOUNG CITIZEN December, 1937 SAFETY SECTION Manoling's Lanterns By QUIRICO A. CRUZ* There was a rumpus at Nicanor's house. In spite of the cold December air that ought to have kept every living soul in a sound sleep, every member of the family was up. The mother was in the kitchen preparing breakfast. Nicanor was shivering with cold in the bathroom while Anica, his only sister, was busy packing up some dothes in an old rattan suitcase. Mang Nouong, the father, was under the house putting three fat hens and a rooster into a chicken coop and half a dozen eggs into a small egg-basket. "Nonong," called Aling Darling. the mother. "Don't forget to put the oranges and the bunch of Lakatan in the sack. There are some ripe chicos buried in the palay in our small bauong.· Please get th~m. Ate Luisa likes chicos very much. "Yes. Dading:· replied the old man. The family ate their breakfast which consisted of hard-boiled rice, friend salted Tigiti, fresh carabao milk, and a few blocks of panucha. After breakfast, Aling Dading, Anita, and Nicanor put on their best clothes which had long b~en kept at the bottom of the trunk. They were invited by Aling Luisa. Nicanor's aunt on • Gregorio del Pilar Elementary School, Manila. his mother's side, to spend Christmas' with her in the city. Aling Luisa and her son, Manoling. used to spend rheir Christmas in her sister's home i~1 Calamba. This time she thought it would be nice to have Aling Dading. and her children spend Christmas in her beautiful home in S:impaloc. At about six thirty o'clock that fine December morning an L. T. B. truck passed by and Aling Dading and her two children got into it. Calamba is about sixty kilometers from Manila <and it. took the truck two lDng hours travel before it reached the city. The truck stopped at Azcarraga. Aling Dading hired a carretela to take her, her two children, and the baggage to· Sampaloc. When they arrived at the place where they were supposed to go, they did not see the beau-. tiful house of Aling Luisa. Instead, they saw a small shack made of dark half-burned wood' and galvanized iron. All around the shack, were pieces of charcoal and heaps of ashes. "This might not be the place!" exclaimed Ni-' canor. "Let me see " said Aling Dading knitting her brow as if in deep thought. "This is the place. I cannot be mistaken. Let us inqmre. Aling Dading approached the shack and said, ··Tao po." An elderly woman peeped out of the dark window. "Dading-g-g" "Ate Luisa, what happened?" Aling Luisa could not say anything. She '"''ept bitterly. Aling Dading could not help crying too. Nicanor and Anita approached their aunt and kissed her hand. Then, they too cried. After a brief while of silence that was disturbed by the occassional Sobs of the griefstricken group, Aling Dading asked. "Where is Manoling?" (Please tuni to page 357) Dllleember, 1981 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 351 RIZAL'S LIGHT By FRANCISCO CARBALLO Prom Fort Santiago's gloomy cell And through Postigo's ancient gate, A man who served his country well \Vith soldiers marched to meet his fate. tt His gait was firm. his mien was bright As wistful looks he briefly cast At scenes which were his heart's delight When life was young in years long past. Although his arms were firmly. tied, He smiled at friends along the way: As throngs he passed, they sadly sighed, And prayed for him that fateful day .. Luneta was so fair to scan And filled with gay December charm, As bravely stood the sterlin"g man Who met his death with martyr's calm. ti Then "Viva Espaiia!" the victors cried, As others wept in deepest gloom; They killed to soothe their wounded pride, And thus they scaled a kingdom's doom. tt He lived and died a patriot true, Who joyed in deeds of truth and love; He fought grim wrongs of every hue For light he saw from Him above. ti They vainly tried to snuff his light Which dazzled men of dark design, But lo, that light still shines more bright, For truth is light of source divine~ 352 THE YOUNG CITIZEN December, 1 !Mi Learning New Expressions Do you still remember the expressions you foamed in the past issues of this magazine? Did you use them in telling short stories and in conversations? Let me see if you have not forgottPn them yet. I. Here are ten items for you to answer. Underline the correct expression within the parentheses which bears the same or nearly the :>ame meaning as the expression on the left side. Example: famous (wicked. ungrateful. well-known, generous). The word well-known is italicized because it is a synonym of famous. I. perished (saved, left. called, killed) 2. dreadful (lovable, frightful. interesting. careful) • Teacher, Tayabas Elementary School, Manila. By Mrs. PAZ J. EUGENIO• 3. valor (courage. kindness. wisdom, selfishness) 4. heed (forget, mock, to mind, show) 5. affectionate (grateful, strong, loving. careless) 6. jest (fun, gift, speech, s.tory) 7. interrupt (correct, call. stop, continue) 8. cautiously (intently, attentively, surely. with care) 9. scent (odor, beauty. s~rength, color) 10. filled with horror (glad, terrified, struck. loved) DECEMBER By HERMINIA ANCHETA December chill will come at last For the nights arc growing fast. I love the cold December nights, For they bring me countless delights: I shall hear the merry children shouting, I shall see crowds of people shopping. The big churches with life will teem Born one starry December night In a lowly cradle manger bright! With people who'll see one Supremeilii n~cember, 1937 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 353 AMONG THE BOY SCOUTSBy RICARDO R. DE LA CRUZ * "Be Prepared" Two words comprise the Boy Scout motto- be called the ideal camper. He is one who de' Be Prepared." pends on his own self and requires no help in As to what this means, watch any real Boy his outdoor experience. Scout and you will learn. But preparedness should go beyond all these. Preparedness in the life of the Boy Scout is The boy who earnestly desires to be ready at something indiSpensable and characteristic. A all times and in all places should strive to learn boy cannot be called a true Scout if he proves and remember all that is necessary for effectivehimsclf unprepared to meet certain occasions or ness in his service. emergencies. The study of First Aid requires constant rePreparedness implies a multitude of things. view aiid practice. A boy cannot administer It goes further than mere material preparation. emergency treatment after a first perusal of a But before we go to that phase of the Scout mot- First Aid handbook. He may have an excelto, let us first discuss the more simple one,- lent First Aid kit with him but he may not sucmaterial preparation. ceed in stopping the victim's hemorrhage because A student who never goes to school without of .Jack of knowledge. He is prepared materialJ pencil. a pen, an eraser, a pen-knife. and a small ly but unprepared to act. notebook, is the typical Boy Scout. Come what Similarly, a student may enter a classroom ma.y in the classroom, he is prepared to work. with all his texts and a dozen pencils and noteHe has the necessary "tools" with which he can hooks but he may be cal1ed upon to recite and .1ccomplish things. And of course, it goes with- receive a zero for ignorance of the lesson. That out saying that he always carries his books to student did not study his assignment and thus, school. Preparedness is one form of industrious- was unprepared for recitation. ness. A lazy boy is never prepared. Preparedness is an excellent virtue to acquire Again. the camper who goes into the forest and cultivate. To be able to meet all emergenwith all the necessary equipment,-tent, axe, cies effectively is an achievement rare in this "knife, rope, First Aid Kit. and provisions,--can world. And that is one reason why the Boy Scout is .cit: :.aS~gl~tPublicity Department, Philippine Coun- more worthy than the ordinary boy. 354 THE .YOUNG CITIZEN December, 198i Larry's Christmas Gih MAGDALENA FLORES * Ding! Dong! Ding! loudly rang the bells as they merrily hailed the glorious Christmas day. "Merry Christmas! Merry Christmas!" shouted the boys and girls walking in the street. "I am going to my Ninang; she will give me a nice aguinaldo," boasted Nacy. "I will wear my new pink dress and the silk lace my godmother gave me," remarked Fely. "I will eat very much chis noon. We will have lechon for dinner," broke Edgardo as he rubbed his abdomen with his wide open hands. Larry, the youngest of the group. was quietly walking behind his brother and sisters who were nuisily talking about the gifts they would receive. He seemed to be in deep thought. As soon as they arrived home he ran to his mother who was a• that time dressing for church. He embraced his mother around the skirt and said, "Merry Christmas, Mother. Guess what I have for you. "Oh! has my little 'angel a gifc for me? Is it an apple?" asked his mother. Larry closed his eyes and shook his headHis mother was wrong. "Is it candy?" again asked the mother. "No. Mother. guess again." He put the tip' <·f his forefinger to his lips and again shook his head-this time his eyes were wide open with ci.ildish excitement. "Ah! I know! It is a doll." his mother guessed. her voice rising to a question. "Ha! Ha! Ha! mother could not guess.'1' • Holy Ghost College, Mar.ila, IJughed Larry as he clapped his hands and danced !Tierrily around his much amused mother. He held up his left hand, clasping tightly a small box. "Mother, do you see this? This is my &ift for you." The mother's curiosity was aroused more than ever. What could Larry give her besides candy 2nd fruit? What could be hidden inside that l-ox? She was indeed very curious to know. She sat down on the neanst chair and broke the sering that tightly tied thr box. What do you think the mother saw? There shined out twelve new Commonwealth centavos-all gleaming in bright gold. "Larry! how wond.?rful!" exclaimed the sur· prised mother as he clasped Larry close to her." 'Vhere did you get all these?" :'You know, mother, I once heard my p!aymates said that he would give his mother some· tiling for Christmas because he said he lov"d his mother very much. I love you also very much so I thought of giving you something. I saved a!l the centavos Father gave me. Yesterday. I Wt>nt to Akong." "Who is Akong?" a~.ked the mother. "He is the Chinaman who owns the store near our house. He is my friend. I went to him and asked him to change my money with new Commonwealth centavos. How do you like them. Mother?" "My good Larry, you made me very happy. I wilI be late for church, go and play," said the 1-.:appiest mother as she went downstairs to go to church. December, 1937 THE YOUNG CITIZEN INTERESTING PLACES Famous for its brass band. this interesting place can bi.'.! reached from Manila Bay by a small steamboat. Though linked with the famous cement road of Pampanga, I would suggest that the trip by water be taken in going there. From a spot in the middle of the Bay, with nothing to sec but the sky above, the water below, and the blue mountain rang.:: dimly silhouetted from * Teacher, R i z a I Elementary School. SEXMOAN FORTUNATO ASUNCION* afar, one will feel the thrill of being gradually swallowed by the monstrous Pampanga River. As one looks out on deck one could see the two bare! y visible banks miles apart. The river, however. gradually narrows down on the way up. Fresh and green vegetation are now clearly visible as nipa swamps and m0:mgroves alternately grow on both si~es. After passing a sharp curve, the boat will slowly stop at a concrete landing. with, several steps. Several meters away stands the stone-walled church. JOKES WHERE IS THE SUBJECT? Teacher: Is "Jump," a sentence, Juan? Juan: Yes, teacher. Teacher: Why? Juan: Because it begins with a capital letter and ends with a period. It has a complete thought. It has a subject and a predicate. The subject is "you." Teacher: Where is "you" in this sentence, Pedro~ Pedro (not paying attention): Between "J" and "m". 355 Age can be read from ·its ap· pearance-it may look old but it has withstood the strongest typhoon, the p e o p 1 e there claimed. One <;>r two · blocks from the church is the market place. From the noise going on. one will conclude that Sexmoan is indeed prosperous. The banks of the river, from the curve upward, are lined with nipa housl"s built close to ~ach other. Fishing must be a very important industry as there is not a hous~ without a banca nearby, and fishing nets spread to dfy on horizontal bamboo poles. 156 THE YOUNG CITIZEN December, 1937 MOTHERS' GUIDE IN CARE OF CHILDREN lht Joung €ithtn PANTRY BY MISS JULIANA MILLAN • THE FOOD GROUPS things. But even these little tablC's and shrimps or. pork io our "Guinisa"? II.MEATS One of the chief sources of The body. in order to be kept in good running cond1tion, should receive a little of everything. The foods which we eat may roughly be classified into building, energy, protective and regulative foods. No demarcation tine can be drawn to determine which foods should fall definitely under each class, because most foods contain more than one of the food groups at the same time. The element which forms the bulk of a certain food decides where it should belong for general purposes of classification. It is no wonder then that one food should belong to different food groups at the same time but of varying importance. things injure the muscles that proteins is meat. It is the flesh is why we have black and blue of animals used for food. It i~ spots w hen ever we bump made up of fibers filled with against anything. The injury juice. and kept together by con· !. PROTEINS caused by mor..e serious illness like fever. cholera and other diseases arc. of course, very much greater. Now, worn-out tissues in such cases JS th2sc are taken care of by proteins. Th~ additional height or plumpness of your friend is also due to the protein which h·e eats. Proteins come from animal sources like meat, .fish. chickens, eggs, milk and cheese and from plants like legumes and nuts. Those that come from aniProteins are sometimes body- Li builders, growth producers and tissue repairers. Protein foods contain more elements than the other groups and are rcsponsibl..! for the growth of muscles in growing children and the repair mals arc generally considered complete proteins because they will not only help children grow but will also repair the· worn-out tissues. Those that come from plants, however. arz generally incomplete proteins because they do not have all the elements necessary for body building and tissue repair. They can only keep life but cannot help growth. Do you now sec the reason for combining vcgeof worn-out tissues. We ignore the little bumps, cuts and bruises which we daily get because we consider them little • Teacher of Home Economics, Emilio Jacinto Elementary School nective and fatty tissues. The meat which we get from the: cow is called beef calf is called veal hog (pig) is called pork deer is called venison sheep is called mutton lamb is called lamb The tcugh cuts of meat com£' from old animals and from the parts of the body th~t are much used like the legs and shoulders; while tender cuts come from young animals and from parts of the body which are not often used like breast and back. Some cuts of meat have bones. the juice of which adds to their food value. Hollow bones from the legs and other parts of the body contain marrow-a fatty reddish substance which is delicious. December, 193'1 .THE YOUNG CITIZEN 357 THE CHRISTMAS PARTY ears. and a cap pulled down MANOLING'S LANTERNS (Continued from page 337) reaches you it will be near Christmas. I want to wish you and all my friends there a very merry Christmas.'' "A merry, merry Christmas to Trudie!" all the children shouted clapping their hands. Anselma continued, "Christmas here will be rather different from the way I spent Christmas in the Philippines. For one thing it will be very cold. We will "have a big roaring fire to huddle around. When we go ourside there will be warm coats, heavy stockings. gloves and a cap to pull down over the ears. "Do you remember once at your Christmas party we alt went swimming in the · sea? This year I am planning to go skating on ice. I do not know which is the most fun-a warm Christmas or a cold Christmas. I am very happy heu in Europe. but I often think of the years spent in the Philippines. Again let me wish all of you a merry Christmas.'' .. A merry, merry Christmas to Trudie!" the children shouted again. When Anselma finished th" letter and folded it she glanced toward the door. Her mouth came open, her eyes were wide open and she stood stone still. ''Oh-it's-Good afternoon. Sir," was all she could think of to say. In a flash all eyes were on the door. A tall man made three solemn bows to them. He was dressed in a long red coat with the collar turned up well around bi-s over his eyes. "Santa Claus!" screamed little Pablo. "Santa Claus!" repeated all the children. ''Merry Christmas, girls and boys," the red-coated person. "This is a happy surprise, Santa Claus," said Mrs. Santos, "wont you come in?" "Thank you, madam, I do have a fow parcels to leave for the children." "Thank you," cried the children. "How very nice," said Mrs. Santos. As he pulled out each package he called the name of the child to whom it belonged. Each one shook Santa's hand and thanked him for coming. "I do wish father was here to see how happy everyone is," said Pablo. · The pHson who had given the gifts threw off the red cap and coat. and gathered his little boy into his arms, saying. "Well, so he is." "Oh!" gasped all the children at once. Little Pablo threw his arm~ around his father's neck and started laughing, crying and talking all at the same time. "Oh, father, I thought yo1 J were Santa Claus. You and S"anta are both so good to me that sometimes I can't tell which is which." All the children gathered around Mr. Santos. Each one (Continued from page 350) "He is in the hospital. He was almost burned to death. However, he is now on his way to recovery. "How did this happep.?" "Our neighbors believed the fire to have been caused by defective electric wiring, but no. The fire started from our Christmas tree. Oiily two days ago I bought a Christmas tree for Manoling. I decorated it nicely and bought a string of small electric bulbs of different colors. In the afternoon. Manoling brought home some Japanese lanterns with ·small candles in them. I did not know there were candles in them until after Manoling had lighted them at night. I was tired all day so I made our beds early and soon fell asleep. At about ten o'clock I was awakened by a glaring light. I stood up and saw the Christmas tree burning. I tried to put out the fire but I could not do anything. The curtain banging nea.r the tree caught fire. The fire spread so fast that I became terribly frightened. I lost my presence of mind an<l ran out of the house gasping for breath. I shivered gradually Jost my strength. and finaliy I fainted. Manoling was trapped in the house, and. had not one of oUr neighbor::; had the courage to save him, he would have been burned to death." Aling Luisa :finished her version of the incidents with a sigh. shook bands with him again. thank him over and over for the gifts and wished him a very merry Christmas. 358 A MOTHER'S REW ARD (Continued from page 33.'J) THE YOUNG CITIZEN THIS EARTH OF OURS (Continaed from page 346) We can imagine those first mountain rising as folds under the sea. Gradually their bases were narrowed, and their crests lifted out of the water. They rose as long, narrow islands and December, 1931 THE GIRLS' RESOLUTION (Conrinued from page 342) "We can help them at home by doing our duties well. We can run errands for them and do so many things to make their work lighter," ,Nora said proudly. and escorted her to a vaqi.nt seat. The program had alreadv begun. Aling Nena scanned the faces of the hundreds and hundreds of faces around her, but she could not see any of her children. Soon her attention was attracted by the toastmaster's announcement of the next number. Her heart beat fast upon hearing her Jose·.., name called as the next participant. With great excitement she watched her son lo.oking so prim, so neat, and so handsome that she longed to hug him. The boy'i; I o o k wandered around and grew in size as time went on. ·'What do you suggest for These mountains of upheav- orphans whose parents have al, made by the bending of the now taken tbeir eternal rest?" earth's crust, and the formation questioned Lita. of alternating ridges and de· pressed valley are many. The earth is old and much wrinkled. Other mounrains have been formed by forces quite different. Volcanic mountains have when it met that of her moth- been far more numerous in ages er's, a light broke over his face gone than they are now. and shone in his eyes. Then Vesuvius in· Italy· is at preshe began his declamation. It ent showing us how volcanic was a pathetic piece telling mountains are made. Each erup· about the self-sacrificing· love of tion builds larger the cone that a mother and thz ingratitude of is, the chimney thru which the her children. The delivery was so perfect that almost all eyes were dimmed with tears before the performance was over. A deafening applause followed and the mother's heart was full of gratitude and pride for her boy. Then Aling Nena heard one of the teachers mention her son's Two other teachers joined the conversation, the subject of which was centered on praises of Jose and Elvira. her own son and daughter. There was a lump in Aling Nena's throat and tears of happiness welled in her eyes. as she listened to the talk. She felt name. She strained her ears to that all her ceaseless sacrifices hear every word. "Really. I admire Jose very much. He is very active and very polite, said 1v'Iiss Roxas. "You should know the sis· ter, Elvira. who is in grade four. She is a very good example of an ideal school child. She is always neat and clean, very polite. and very bright," added Mrs. Mojica. the teacher who sat beside Miss Roxas. were more than repaid. Sh1.. wiped away the tears from her eyes in order to see better the heavy-printed motto which was being shown to the audience. The motto was, "The most precious gift a child can give to his mother is conduct that will make her proud of him." There was so much truth in that motto that Aling Nena unconsciously and mechanically murmured, "AMEN." "Let me answer it for you," volunteered Milagring. "Orphans like me must live with relatives or other guardians. Since we have to live with other people, our task is to see that our stay with them is not a burden. We haVe to be very good so that our parents may not be blamed for our bad conduct." "Milagring, your words have made me all the more thoughtful of my parents. Never again shall I grumble when I'm sent on errands," pensively said Luz. "And I shall not be as disobedient again," resolved Nora. "Then we shall all be loving children to our hard-working parents," chorused the other girls. molten rocks, the ashes, and tbe steam are ejected. Side craters may open, the main cone be broken and its form changed but the mass of lava and stones and ashes grows with each eruption. The mountain grows by the addition it. receives. How do you think the mountain systems in the Philippines were formed? December, 1937 JOE AND THE (Continued from vage 335) "Are you now ready to go with us to the home of our master?'' asked the speaker. "Please don't take me there," begged Pepe. "I promise to be good. I shall never disobey my mother again. · I'll make her happy and Pepe could not go on. Fear of the man beside the tree and pity for his mother whom he thought he would never see again made him cry like a baby. "Of course, our master is merciful sometimes." said the caj>tor. "If you promise to be a good boy always, he will let yo.u go. If you break your promise, he will never pardon you again "I shall always be good," Pepe promised. Thereupon the two captors untied his hands and let him go. Pepe ran towards his home as fast as his legs could carry him. As soon as he was out of sight. the two captors took off their masks. "Splendid work, Joe!" exclaimed one. "And very effective, Rod," added the other. "What shall we do with our master, the King?" laughed. Rod as he pointed to the tall lifeless figure be.!>ide the tree. Joe looked at the figure. At daytime. it would not frighten anyone but in the shadow under the tree that night, it was frightful enough to nine-ye<1r old Pepe who, at fii:st, was taken by surprise by his two masked captors. Then without saying anything, Joe pulled the black cloth that covered the figure. After the doth Was removed, what remained of the King of the Eli THE YOUNG CITIZEN OUR MINOR FOREST (Conthiucd from page 947) Anglers claim that due to its strength and resiliency fishing rods made of palma brava are superior to any now in the market. Other articles that can be made from the leaves of this palm are fans, and thatching materials. The wood is used for such articles as arrow shafts, spear handles polo clubs, and walking sticks. It has great possibilities for fancy interior finishing. The seedlings of this palm ar.: valued as ornamental plants. Other forest products simiRiver was a big banana stem with a coconut at its upper end as head and two" pieces of wood at the sides as arms. After they had destroyed the framework. the two boys went home. They were happy because their plan came out a succesS'. One night, a week later, Joe and his mother again went to the house of Pepe. They found the latter busy with his crayola. He was coloring a picture in The Young Citizen when they came. "Pepe, suppose we go out and play," Joe suggested. "No." was Pepe's quick reply. "I have found out that there is more fun at home than in any other place outside." "You're right, Pepe," Joi agreed. ''Pepe has been very good this week," said the mother as Joe and his mother were leaving. "He has not disobeyed me. Neither has he gone out to play at night as he used to do." "Very effective," Joe muttered as he lay down to sleep that night. 359 OUR INSECT FRIENDS. (Continued from page 346) is queer cmd fish-like in appearance. It leaps to the ground and begins looking for a crack into which it may crawl. When it finds one. it pl~nges in. And for the next seventeen ·years it remains in this solitary cell. Underground the baby cicada Jives on the sap of roots. Finally a day arrives which is some three months less than seventeen years. The baby cicada toge~ ther with other grubs start digging a tunnel nearly an inch across and a foot long. Once out, they are in a great hurry. They begin crawling as rapidly as po~sible. Finding the best place available, they dig in their claws, attach themselves quite securely, and become very still. They hunch their backs, and split their skins down the middle. A strange and different form begins to wriggle inside, and gradually there emerges the glorious, winged cicada in its final form. Taking it all in all, we may say the cicada is probably the most remarkable individual in "II the insect world. lar to palms which are important sources of materials for. household industries are pandal'4 and bamban. Among the articles that can be made of these may be mentioned book bags grocery bags, novelties, lunch baskets, wall pockets, slippers, telescope cases, hats, mats and bamban fish traps. In our imagination the forests may seem far. far from us. but in actual living we can say they are in the midst of us. Why? 360 THE YOUNG CITIZEN December, 194i Q}~ristmas! Christmas! The word means happiness and good will. It means happiness because everybody is happy. The children are happy because they have plenty of toys and candies. The young people are happy because there are parties, gifts, and music. The parents are happy because their children and their friends are happy. The whole town is happy and gay. There arr plenty cif decorations,-flags, colored papers, lanterns, and flowers. There are plenty of fruits and food to eat. It means good will because it is the time when everybody wishes everybody a "Merry Christmas." Everybody gives gifts, or sends cards of greetings to everybody. Of course, the gifts and the cards are only the signs of good will and friendliness. Is it possible to have everyday of the year a "Merry Christmas Day"? Certainly, it is possible! Of course, we could not have everyday the toys, candies, parties, gifts, music, etc., but we could be happy and friendly to everybody everyday. If we could do this, if we could live everyday with the spirit of Christmas then the song of the angels during the first Christmas would be in us"Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace, good will toward men." -Dr. I. Panlasigui %--------------------------------------. ~·"'"";=«!,.,.(?"'<>-<ff"'"'-""""'"""""'"'{?<("""'""'=.u?"""'"""'""'.] ! :~~ .. :~:ub~~h:~~dva~::~f ~,:~~:~~d:J. mg on education, politics, cconom1cs, science, literature, biography, humo1, travel, and othe1 subJects of interest, gleaned from the world's leading magazines, books, and newspapers and condensed for qnick and easy reading. The originals are by the greatest writers of Europe. America, and Asia. The materials selected are those that are most likely to be of intf!rest to Filipinos. PANORAMA is the very thing for those who have no time to read, and are therefore missing some of the best things in life. One to three minutes will complete the readin& of the average article. PAN?RAMA is read by businessmen, professionals, public officials, teachers, students, clerks, etc. PANORAMA costs only two pesos a year. Every issue is of permanent value. You will read it and reread it, and then keep it as a valuable part of your library for your whole family. ApproYed by the Bureau of Education-A. B. No. 6, s. 1937. Community Publishers, Inc. 406 P. Faura, }lanila Attention, School Principals! PHILIPPINE BOOKS APPROVED by the BUREAU OF EDUCATION 1. A PRUl<ER OF THE PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION by v. G. SincoApproved in Academic Bulletin No. 1, s. 1936 as Supplementary Reader for Grade VII . . . Pl. 70 net. (indispensable in Civics classes, many parts of the textbook on Civics being now obsolete.) 2. VOCABULARY BUii.DiNG by J. c. PinedaApproved in Academic Bulletin No. 10, s. 1936, as Pupils' reference for Grades V, VI, and VII. To be purchased in sets .. , ..... : P0.56 net. 3. COMMUNITY EDUCATOR in 2 volumesApproved ·in Academic Bulletin No.' 3, s. 1936 as P'upils' reference for Grades VI and VII on agriculture, gardening, health, social and economic conditions, government, politics, etc. also approved as students' reference for secondary schools. Price for the set of 2 book's P4.00 net. 4. CHARACTER EDUCATION READERS-Stories On Conduct by I. PanlasiguiA.B. No. 13, s. 1936 as Supplementary Reader for Grade V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pl.60 net. f>. CHARACTER EDUCATION READERS-Thinking of Others by I. PanlasiguiA.B. No. 6, s. 1937, as Supplementary Reader for grade IV . ,. __ ........... __ .... __ ... Pl.40 net. !fold Exclusively by COMMUNITY PUBLISHERS, Inc. 405 Padre Faura Manila, Philippines l