The Young Citizen : the magazine for young people

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Part of The Young Citizen: The Magazine for Young People

Title: The Young Citizen : the magazine for young people
Issue Date: Volume V (Issue No. 2) February 1939
Year: 1939
Language: English
Rights
extracted text: Announcement to Teachers: We Will Pay You . for writing articles of merit for publication in THE YOUNG CITIZEN. We want interesting childa·en's stories from 200 to .500 wol'ds in length; ,.Iso games, reading devices, puzzles, jokes, poems, $1.Dd playle.ts. We also wish to buy seve1·al gooci serial stories. Short stories from 100 to 200 wm·ds in length suitable f-01· children of primary grades arc aiso desir1~d. Primary Teachers: We especially desire various kinds of interesting material suitable for First, Second. and '.l'hird Grade Pupils. We will pay teachers and others for material which we can use. Each article should be written in clear, easy, correct English, on one side of the !taper, t)·pewritten if possible, or written by hand neatly and legibly. The article should be submitted with a self-addressed stamped envelope, othel·wise the publishers will not l'eturn it to the wl'itcr in case it cannot be used. Address all communications to The Managing Editor The Young Citizen Care of Community Publishers, Inc. P. 0. Box 685, Manila, Philippines I \ • Mano and Ch1ta-Ge1'1Jama Gt1arin • ........ , , ... , .. . How the Crocodile Learned to Hunt-Maximo Ramos . Be a Lincoln-Elenn Albti.rt , ... , A Story about George Washington-F. D. Maga . .... , , . . Imogene Goes a-Voyaging-Alice Fmnldin Bryant , .. Maria's Companions-B. Hill Ca:rwva • POEMS 49 51 52 53 54 57 The Gentle Milk Jug-Olivet· Herford ... , Bunny Rabbit-Vfrginia Balcer ..... . My New Dress-Remedios Trinidad ... . Making Eight-Vice11te S. ilf.aglalang ............. , . , . The Wonde1• of the Seed-Jfrs. Josefina I. de la Cruz A Page of Poems ................................ . • CHARACTER AND CITIZENSHIP How to Study Your Lessons-Juliana C. Sadsad The Message this Month-Dr. I. Panlasig1d • FOR FIRST GRADERS What Are They Doing?-Fe Vel~qnez Pedro's Goat ........ . • . . • 44 45 46 48 . . . .. 50 74 72 78 42 43 Choosing the Right Word-Bella Fe . . • . . . . . • . . . . . . . • • . • . • • 43 • FOR SECOND GRADERS The Gentle Milk Jug-Olfoer Herford What Each Does ................... . Bunny Rabbit-Vfrginia Buker ............ . My Picture Spdling Book ................. . • FOR TH I RD GRADERS My New Dress-Remedios Trinidad What Kiiid of a Plant? .......................... . Little Acts of Courtesy-Qufrico A. Cmz Helping at Home • ELEMENTARY SCIENCE The World's Most F'amous Waterfall ... The Oldest Living Thing in th~ World • MUSIC APPRECIATION 44 44 45 45 46 46 . . . . . . 47 47 . .. ' 64 66 The Symphony Orchestra-Berf Pa.uf Osbon . . . 60 Hungarian March (School March)-H. Kawal.~ki .. , , .... , , . . . . . 62 The Sleep Fairy (A Song)-James T. Quarles .......... , . . . . . . 70 • HEAL TH AND SAFETY Sweet Berri€s ...... . 67 • WORK AND PLAY Some Important Bh·thdays and Events of F:_ebrua.ry . . . . 58 The Young Citizen Pantry-Leaves for Food 59 Try to Do These-Alice C1·owell Hoffman 68 Famous Filipinos-Donato Sad.~o.d . . . . ................ , , , , , , 68 Parts of Your Body-Faustino Domine . . . . . . . . . . 69 Geography Cross-Word Puzzle-Eliseo L. Carbonell . . . . . . 69 The Funny Page-The Anim~J Tourists Visit an Iguana 76 The What...i\.re-You-Doing·r Club 79 Chats with the Editor . . . 80 Published monthly by the Community Publishers, Inc .. Tt!I. 2-25·~1. 454 Dasmal'iiias, Manila. Philippines. Entered as Second Class Mail Mattel' at the Manila Post Office on May 16. 1935. Editorial Director: Jost E. I~omero; Managing Editor: Bert Pa11l Osbcm: Contributing Editors: Dr. I.·Pa11lasigui and Qufrico A. Cruz; Staff Artist: Pedro Pagu»a; Busin~s Manager: Emi~~~:cr'f:ti~i: ::i:!~sf.3.00 for one year of 12 issues: $2.-00 in the United State .. and foreign countries. Single copy, 30 centavos. Sul,scriptio"~ ar<' to ,,,. paid to Cow>i11rnil•1 f'11hlislters, /,,e, n.u; MAGAZINE; !=OR YOUNG P~OPLE; 42 THE YOUNG CITIZEN Fsb7'UM2f, 1989 FOR FIRST GRADERS_ What Are They Doing? By FE VELASQUEZ * Draw a line under .the answ:er. I see mother washing _clothes. I see mother washing plates. I see mother washin~ her hands. This is a boy running. This is a boy walking. This is a girl sitting. I see a cat. eating. I see a goat drinking. I see a dog eating. The girl is playing with a doll. The boy is playing with a top. The boy is playing wi~ a ball. *Teacher, Arayat Eleiri~ntary School, A'.rayat, Pampanga. Februaf'1/, 1939 THE YOUNG CITIZEN FOR FIRST GRADERS Pedro's Goat Here is a picture of Pedro's goat. Below are the names of the parts of a goat. Write the correct number on each part of the goat. 1. body 4. eye 7. ears 2. horn 5. mouth 8. feet 3. tail 6. nose 9. hoofs Choosing the Right Word By BELLA FE 43 Make a ring around the. word in each group which does not belong there. 1. boy 3. dress 5. bedroom 7. towel 9. cup girl shirt paper doll plate .cat hat kitchen drum school baby sky porch ball fork 2. fish 4. dog 6. apple 8. milk 10.· bread chair pig orange eyes box table plate ink nose meat bed cat guava ears butter 44 THE YOUNG CITIZEN Febructf'11, 1939 FOR SECOND GRADERS The Gentle Milk Jug By OLIVER HER.FORD The Gentle Milk Jug, Blue and white, I love with all my soul. She pours herself With all her might, To fill my breakfast bowl. What Each Does Find the picture which will make the sentence complete. Write that word on the line. 1. The shoemaker makes a ---· 3. The potter makes a---~-· 2. The bird makes a------ 4. The carabao draws a ----· nest pot shoe cart Feb~ary, 1989 THE YOUNG CITIZEN FOR SECOND GRADERS Bunny Rabbit By VIRGINIA BAKER The Bunny Rabbit's fur is white, His tail is just a funny ball. His ears are long, His eyes are bright; He hops; but never Walks at· all. My Picture Spelling Book I. FRUIT 45 Make yourself a picture spelling book. The pictures tell wha~ the words are. Write each word two times on the lines. 1. 2. 3. 4. a tis papaya mango banana 46 THE YOUNG CITIZEN February, 1939 FOR TH I RD GRADERS My New Dress By REMEDIOS TRINIDAD I have a new dress, So dainty and blue; I'll wear it to school, And show it to you. The buttons and ribbons I want you to see; It's a beautiful dress When inside it is -me! What Kind of a Plant? The four kinds of plants are (1) a tree, (2) a vine, (3) a bush and (4) an herb. A bush is a plant with woody stP.ms much smaller than a tree, and the stems of an herb are not woody, but are soft. What kind of a pl~nt is each one: 1. ilangcilang ____ tr_e_e __ _ 2. rose --------~3. gumamela 4 .. cadena de amor - - - - - - 5. coconut 6. sampaguita 7. m<;>rning glory 8. tomato 9. guava 10. corn February, 1939 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 47 FOR TH I RD GRADERS Little Acts of Courtesy By QUIRICO A. CRUZ Place in each square in the picture the number of the sentence that best tells about the picture. 1. Thank you for these beautiful flowers. 2. Will you have a piece of my cake? 3. Please have my seat. 4. May I help you carry the basket? 5. Let me help you cross the street. 6. Good night, grandmother. Helping at Home Draw a line under those which you do. 1. I wash the dishes. 3. I go to the store. 2. I mop the floor. 4. I feed our animals. 48 THE YOUNG CITIZEN February, 1939 Jr"sbruat"l/, 1989 THE YOUNG CiTIZEN 49 A LITTLE STORY FOR LITTLE PEOPLE Mario and Chita By GERVACIA GUARIN• MARIO and Chita are the best of friends. They live in a house near the school. They like each other 'very much, and play together under the trees and in the garden.· Chita is much younger than Mario; Mario does many things for Chita. He sees to it that she is not hurt, that she has a good bed .at night, that she gets good food, and that she is kept clean. Mario does not forget what the teacher tells in class about the way to treat friends and companions. Before Mario goes to school in the morning, he says, "Chita, I am going to school now. Stay in the house. D'o not play in the street. If you do, you might be run over by an auto. I will get you something to eat when I come home. Goodbye." Chita does not say anyt}J,ing, but she always obeys what Mario tells her to do. ~rher, ~rayat · Elementary School, Arayat, Pnmpanga. When Mario comes home from school, Chita feels.happy. She meets him at the etairs, and shows how happy she is. Then Mario says, "Here is your dinner, Chita." He watches her while Rhe eatR her food. Then he asks, "What did you do while I was away? With whom did you play? Did you have a bath?" Chita just looks at Jl:fa~io in answer. One day Mario and Chita were playing_ happily under a big acacia tree. A classmate said, "Mario, why do you do so much for Chita? You are too good to her." Mario answered, "Don't y o u remember· our lesson · yesterday? D o n ' t you remember what our teacher taught us about kindness to friends and companions? I always try to do those thin~s. Besides, Mother tells me the same things about kindness. She tells me to be kind to Chita, ior Mother, too, likes my pet dog Chita. 50 THE YOUNG CITIZEN F.ebruat'y, 1989 A POEM FOR THIS MONTH The Wonder of the Seed By MRS .• JOSEFINA I. DE LA CRUZ I dug a hole dowIJ. in the ground, And dropped a seed, a little seed; I covered it and marked the spot, And cleared the place from choking weed. • The days went by, the nights went by, The rain, the dew, the sunshine fell; The little seed still slumbered on: Perhaps it dreamed-no one can tell. At last, one day, green leaves appeared Just where I dropped the little 8eed. A stem with shoots to light was reared; 'Twas beautiful-a joy indeed. It grew and grew, it branched each way, It bore some fruit for birds and me; But what I wonder every day Is how the seed became a tree. ~ebruary, 1999 THE. YOUNG CI.TIZEN 51 READING TIME FOR YOUNG FOLKS How the Crocodile learned to Hunt (A Lanao Folk Tale) By MAXIMO RAMOS • "Friend Cat, how do you cat<;h an animal?" THE crocodile had just come. into the world. He did not know yet how to secure his food. So he approached a dog and said, "My friend, please tell me how you catch an animal for food. I have not caught one for days now. My stomach is very empty." "Well," replied the dog, "you are a crocodile and I am a dog. I am not sure that you will be able to catch an animal in the same way that I catch it. But I will tell you how I do. You see, I just rush at my prey, and when it • Lanao High School, Dansalan, Lanao. tries to run away, I run after it. When it is tired out, I catch it and eat it-that's all. Easy, isn't it?" "Thank you, friend Dog," said the , crocodile, who went away to· try out what he had Iearne~. He stopped at 3 shallow part of the lake near the bank, and lay in wait for whatever might come along. Soon he saw a man with a big bamboo tube across his shoulder. The man was !!Oming to the lake to get water. "Now is my chance to eat a man," thought the crocodile. Soon the man reached the water. (Please turn to pa,ge 7.f.) 52 THE YOUNG CITIZEN Febnta.rv, 1939 Be a Lincoln By ELENA ALBERT• "I JUST can't get this problem, Mother," said ten-year-old Mariana. "I think I have done everything all right, but I just can't get the correct answer.'' Mother looked up from her sewing and smiled. "Maybe you don't try hard enough, Mariana." "I try hard, Mother," Mariana replied. "I try ever so h a r d. But I don't know what happens before it is finished. I think I'll let it go." gro slaves free. He was president of the United States during the great Civil War in that country. He was . killed by a bad man." "Very well told," said Mother. "But that is only a part of the story, Mariana. When AbraShe closed h e r book, put her things away, and was about to go out to play, when MothAbraha,;, Lincoln Born F'eb. ·12, 1809 ham Lincoln was a c o m p a r a t i vely young man he wanted to be elected to the state legislature, but he was defeated. Again he wanted to be elected to the United States congress, but he was defeated. He was a a candidate for the Senate, but again he lost. Although Lincoln more than er s a i d, "W a it, dear. Don't get so discouraged. Do you know the story of Abraham Lincoln?" "Oh. yes! Miss Guzman told our class yesterday that he was one of the American presidents. He set the Ne•Teacher, P. Gomez Elementary, School, Manila. once did not succeed in being elected, he was never discouraged so badly that he gave up. He kept on trying and succeeded. He became one of the greatest men of his time. "Well, Mother, I think I'll try again," said Mariana, this time with a (Please tum to page 52.) 1''ebruary, 1939 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 53 A Story about George Washington By ·F. D. MAGA ONE morning, many years ago, the docks at the British West Indian port of Kingston, Jamaica, were piled high with merchandise. Three vessels had arrived that morning from the American colonies. Boxes and 6arrels were being weighed, opened, and inspected. If their contents were according to speci, fications, the official s t a m p was placed on t h e m. Otherwise, t h e y were. shoved to one side to be disposed of later. spect their contents. Why . have you passed them by with such scant attention'!" The inspector looked at the governor in surprise. "Your Excellency has not looked at the marks on them," he said. Examining the tops of the barrels closely, the governor read t h e s e w o r d s : "George W a ·s h i n g t o n, Mount Vernon." The newly appointed governor of the island was making a tour of the docks. At length he and his attendants c a m e upon a number of George Washington Born Feb. 22, 1732 "Oh, I remember, now," he said. "Yes, in England I was told that the f 1 o u r manufactured b y George W a s h i n g ton at Mount Vernon 1s of such an unvarying h i g h quality that it always is passed in our West Indian ports withbarrels that seemed to be of a sturdier make than the others. An inspector glanced quickly' at the markings, and, without hesitation; placed his official stamp on the barrels. The governor was gurprised at this apparent dereliction. "Look here, inspector," he exclaimed. "You have approved those barrels without making the slightest effort to inout inspection." It is recorded that of the many accomplishments of George Washington, none afforded him greater personal pride than his success as a miller, and the recognition of superior quality everywhere accorded the flour which he ground in his grist mill at Mount Vernon. He was pleased that his name on his flour was the mark of superiority. 54 THE YOUNG CITIZEN Februah/, 1939 Imogene Goes a-Voyaging By ALICE FRANKLIN BRYANT (Continued from the, January number) IV. IMOGENE RETURNS TO THE PHILIPPINES IMOGENE'S visit to the United · States was over. She had seen Grand-Daddy and cousins and other relatives, and had even gone to school. But now she was again on a large steamship, returning to the Philippines -she and Mother. Yes, they were really making the return voyage. The trip home was like the trip . to apple cannery. So many pineapples! Piles and piles of them! A man took Imogene and Mother through the cannery, so they could see how pineapples are prepared for shipment to other countries. _ First the pineapples were put onto a conveyor belt that carried them along while they were being peeled and sliced by machinery. G i r ls wearing rubber glo v e s took out any imperfect slices to be_ used in making crushed pineapple, and put the· perfect the States except that it was not so cold. "Nice, pleasant weather w h e n one can be out on deck is much better than that cold weather," thought I m o- Hoiiolulu, Hawaiian Islands slices into cans. gene. After sailing for quite a while, their boat arrived at Honolulu, where they stopped a day. Imogene likt:d Honolulu. There were many flowering 5hrubs and trees, and it was nice and warm. It was very much like the Philippines. And what a lovely tropical city is Honolulu! Imogene's Mother took her to a pineThen the cans, on a conveyor belt, travelled through a big cooking tank. When they came out of that, the tops were · put on the cans _ and they were stacked up to cool. After going through the cannery, Imogene and her Mothe1' had a lovely ride up a valley and onto the top of a high cliff called the Pali. From there they had a fine view of the other side February, 1939 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 55 H ~waii,an Pineapple Field of the island, but the wind was so strong they did not want to stay long. Many of the visitors from the ship went to see some of the n a t i v e Hawaiian dances. They were danced under the coconut trees by Hawaiian girls who wore queer looking dresses and had garlands of flowers about their necks. When they got back to Honolulu they went to the house of a friend who lives at the famous beach at Waikiki. Here Imogene enjoyed going bathing in the sea. And what fun it was to watch the surf riders! People stood on large boards, and Jet the white-topped waves carry them along. Sometimes a rider could not keep his hold, and down ; he went into a big wave! It was in- · teresting to watch the surf-riding, but Imogene did not want to try it-it was too risky. After staying a while at Waikiki, it was time to go back to the ship. On the way they passed many flower sellers, who had great long strings of flowers called leis. Many people at the ship had one or two of these beautiful leis around their necks-gifts from friends who had come to see them sail away. Soon the whistle blew, the gang plank was pulled up, and again Imogene was out on the ocean. After a while they sailed away from the green Ha.waiian Islands. They sailed and sailed, Imogene looked in every direction, and could not see any land anywhere. They sailed on and on, until at last they again arrived at Japan. They stopped at Kobe, Japan. Then they had another voyage, and arrived at Hongkong. Imogene was glad when ·they sailed from Hongkong, for the next stop would be at Manila-and she (Continued on the next page.) Lei Sellers in Honolulu 56 THE YOUNG CITIZEN Februarv, 1999 would see Daddy. Finally one morning Imogene woke up to find that the ship was already in Manila Bay. After breakfast the:Y went up on deck. The ship had passed the breakwater, and the big city of Manila lay before them. How close they were getting to that beautiful big pier! Now they were slipping alongside. imogene and her Mother looked and looked· with all their eyes. Yes, there he was, near them on the wharf! Her Daddy! Her Mother shouted, and then her Daddy saw them. How. wonderfiil it was to get back to the Philippines! It was nice to be where there was·no more cold weather. Of course Daddy was surprised when he saw how much Imogene had grown while she was away. And how well she had learned to read in school! They had a pleasant time in Manila, but Imogene thought it was too noisy to be as nice as her own town in Hawaiian Native Dancers Surf-Riding at Waikiki the southern islands .. Then, too, in Manila one must always be dodging autos or calesas when crossing the streets. In a few days Imogene, Daddy, and Mother were ready to sail on another boat for the southern islands .. Soon they arrived at Cebu, but they did not remain there very long-they wanted to get to their own home. They left Cebu at night, and the next morning they saw the red roofs of Dumaguete in Oriental Negros. "Now I shall soon see my playmates, Daniela and Talina," said Imogene, "and we can go swimming again, and watch the coconuts go floating down the water. And now I can speak Visayan and be understood!" At last they arrived at their own home. "Mother," said Jmogene, "the nicest thing about a trip is getting back home." And Mother agreed with Imogene. (The End) February, 1989 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 57 Moria's Companions By B. HILL CANOVA ( Contin11ed from the January number) WHEN Anita had finished reading the tw~ books she brought from Maria's· home, Black Beauty and Heidi, she wanted to return them. One of the neighbors was going to see Maria's father, and Anita asked him to take the books and a letter to Maria. The neighbor was glad to do this for Anita. This is the letter she wrote to Maria. Dear Maria: Mr. Gomez is going to your house arid is kind enough to take your books to you. Again I want to thank you for loaning them to me. Mother, Pedro, Lolita, and I read Black Beauty together aloud. Pedro told Emilio about it, and Emilio wanted to read the book. I remember-you said that part of the fun in book companions comes in sharing them with friends, so I knew you would be glad for Emilio to read Black Beauty. He asked me to thank you for him. Heidi is a lovely story. The day I finished reading it Lolita happened to be having a birthday ·party, so I told the children the story of Heidi and Clar~. They were delighted with it. I want to send you one of my books to read. I. think _you do not have the Philippine Twins by Lucy Fitch Perkins. I believe you will like it. . When you have finished reading it, if someone happens along who wants to read it, I'll be glad for you to pass it on. You might be.interested in hearing that I have copied several poems in the book we made while I was with you. Here is one you might like for your own bock: LITTLE THINGS By Ebenezer Cobham Brewer Li ttl~ drops of water, Little grains of sand Make a mighty ocean And a pleasant land. Thus the little minutes, (Please turn to pa.g_e 75.), 58 THE YOUNG CITIZEN Februarv, 1919 Some Important Birthdays and Events of February Choose five or more in which you are the most interested; then go to the library and read about each one on your list. Feb. 1: Justice Ignacio Villamor was born, 1863. 2: Candlemas, or Uround Hog Day. Nicanor Abelardo, musician, was born, 1863. 3 : Mendelssohn - Bartholdy, famous cctmposer, was born, 1809. 4: Col. Charles Lindbergh, aviator, was born, 1902. 5 : The first moving picture machine was invented, 1861. 6: Pius XI was elected Pope, 1922. Assemblyman R om u a 1 d o C. Quimpo was born, 1899. 7: Charles Dickens, author, was born, 1812. Assemblyman Jose Zulueta was born, 1889. 8: The Philippine Constitution was adopted by the Constitutional Convention, 1935. Claro -M. Reeto, Chairman of the Constitutional Convention, was born, 1890. 9 : Pad.re Jose Burgos was born, 1837. . 10: A treaty was signed ending· the Seven-Years War, and requiring the British to evacuate Manila, 1763. 11: Japanese national holiday celebrating the founding of the J apanese Empire, 660 B.C. Thom&'13 A. Edison, inveritor, was born, 1847. 12: Abraham Lincoln and Charles Darwin, naturalist, were born, 1809. 13: "Richard Wagner, German composer, died, 1883. 14: St. Valentine's Day. 15: Verne E. Miller, Manila businessman, was born, 1877: 16: Salvador Lagdameo, government financier, was born, 1881. 17 : Justice Ricardo Paras, Court of Appeals, was born, 1891. 18 : Paganini, violin virtuoso and composer, was born, 1784. 19: The Philipplne Constitution was · signed by the delegates to the, Constitutional (;;onvention, 1935. Secretary Jose Abad Santos was born, 1886: Mrs. Aurora Quezon was born, 1888. 20 : Manuel Quezon passed the bar examination with honors, 1903. 21 : Hidalgo, famous artist, was born, 1853. . 22: Jose· Rizal completed Noli Me Tangere, 1887. George Wasliington was born, 1732. 28: Handel, famous composer, was born, 1685. Pedro Siochi, engineer and architect, was born, 1885 . 24: Former Chief Justice Mapa was born, 1855. · 25 : American riflemen defeated the British at Vincennes, and so won the West in the American Revolution, 1779. 26: Mabini took an oath of allegiance to the United States, 1903. 27: Henry Wadworth Longfellow, poet, was born, 18'07. 28: Antonio Ramos, Treasurer of the Philippines, was born, 1881. 29: Justice Teofilo Sison; Court of Appeals, was born, 1880. February, ·1919 Leaves are good food bee-ause they contain substances that help to keep us well, that make the blood red, and .that help make strong, hard bones and teet!i. When we cook leaves they should be : (1) fresh, not wilted; (2) young and tender, not old, big, and tough. If leaves are picked from the plant some time before they are to be cooked, they should be washed and kept in water until time to cook them. When leaves are young they '"e tender and easy to eat; when they are old and big they are tough and stringy, or sometimes hot and bitter, and are not pleasant to eat. THE YOUNG CITIZEN Jht !loung titiitn 1antry LEAVES FOR FOOD use all that are then large enough to eat. When this is done each plant goes on producing leaves for a lc:;mger time, but when the plant is allowed to grow until some of the leaves are too large to eat and is then pulled up, some leaves are wasted, and the plant produces no more leaves. If possible, it is better to pick the leaves from the plant just before they are to be cooked. If one grows them in a garden, this can be done. The leaves should not be too small or too large. In some places leafy vegetables like pechay are allowed t o grow very large ; then the plant is puJlled up and all but the largest leaves. are used. A better· way is to pick the 1 eaves -"""-___ .,. ___ __ every few days and Some Leav.es Used for Food 59 The leaves should then be washed and cooked immediately, as so6n as they. are picked. When leaves .are purchased from the market they should be washed as soon as they are brought home, and put to soak in cold water until time to cook .them. Leaves s)lould be cooked whole. If they need to be cut up, the cutting should be done after they are cooked. The same method iS used for cooking different kinds of leaves. First, they are carefully washed clean. Then they are dropped into salted boiling water and boiled until tender. It is necessary that the water be boiling when the leaves are dropped into the kettle, and that it be kept boiling until they are taken out. T h e following are · some of the leaves which may be cooked : pechay, mustard, beet tops, (Turn to page 77.) 60 THE YOUNG CITIZEN FebruaTl/, 1989 MUSIC APPRECIATION SECTION The Symphony Orchestra By BERT PAUL OSBON* (Continued from the January number) II. THE WOODWIND SECTION Contrabassoon Bassoon Bass Ctarin<t English Oboe Flute Piccolo clarinet horn IN THE symphony orchestra there are two groups of wind instruments, into each of which the player blows a column of air when playing. One of these groups is the second section of instruments of the orchestra: the woodwind section - sometimes called "the woodwinds." Originally all of these wind instruments were made of wood, hence, the name woodwind, but in the modern orchestra a few of them, as the flute and the piccolo, are made of metal. But they are still called woodwi.nd. In the woodwind section there is a quartet of the. most important of these insttu•Formerly_ Supervisor of Public School Music, Mount Lebanon, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. ·ments: (1) the flute, (2) the oboe (pronounced o-bo), (3) the clarinet, and (4) the bassoon. Each of these has a companion instrument which is somewhat similar, yet it has enough difference to add additional range and tone color to the woodwind section: (1) with the flute the piccolo '(or little. flute) is placed; (2) with the oboe there is the English horn which is really an alto oboe; (3) with the clarinet is the bass clarinet; and (4) with the bassoon is the contrabassoon. Thus there are really eight in~trurnents in - the woodwind section. The woodwind section, when played by it.elf, has a beautiful, characteristic tone color something like a large pipe organ. The players in this section usually sit in the cenFebruary, 1939 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 61 ter of the orChestra with the flutes and piccolo in front; nearby will' be the oboes, the English horn, the clarinets, and the bass <:Iarinet, while a little way behind them there are the bassoons and the contrabassoon. All of these instruments, except the flute and the piccolo, contain thin reedseither one or two-and are frequently called "the reeds." A reed is a ~mall piece of bamboo shaved very thin at one end. When this reed is placed in the mouthpiece, the player blows a column of air which causes the reed to vibrate. Thus a tone is produced. The clerinet and the bass clarinet have one reed each; they are known as the singlereed instruments. The oboe, the English horn, the bassoon, and the contrabassoon have a double reed each. In a large symphony orchestra, there will be something like the following number of woodwind instruments: 3 flutes, 1 piccolo, 3 oboes, 1 English horn, 8 clarinets, 1 bass ,..clarinet, 3 bassoons, 1 contrabassoon. The woodwind section gives tone color to the music, but the music must be so written that each wo.odwind player will have a frequent rest. You will remember that I told you that the players in the string section oon play a Jong time without needing to rest, but this is not true of the players of wind instruments. The strain of blowing air from the .lungs and from contracting the muscles of the lips make occasional rest periods necessary. Sometimes there will be various combinations of woodwind and string instruments, because these instruments blend well. A great many different combina'tion·s are possible. A splendid combination of woodwind and string instruments is made by using the flute, the violin, .and the cello. Of course there must be an additional Instrument to play. the accompaniment such as the harp or the piano or the organ. Some of the woodwind, instruments are of very ancient origin. Flutes were used in ancient Greece, and it was cOnsidered a necessary part of every Greek boy's education "to be able to play the ·flute. A simple form of oboe was also used in ancient times. Within the last century many improvements have been made in the mechanism of woodwind instruments. Consequently' th0> tone quality is better, and· it is possible to play difficult music with greater ease. The saxophone is used occasionally in a symphony orchestra, but it is usually not considered as one of the symphonie instruments. Although a saxophone is played by means of a reed, it is not, strictly speaking, a woodwind instrument. Study the picture on page 60. Memorize the names of the woodwind instruments. Notice the appearance of eaeh. If you can hear any of these instruments 1>layed alone listen to the tone color of tlie instrument which you hear. In a later article, I will tell you about each instrument. (To be continued) 62 THE YOUNG CITIZEN music. FOR MARCHING Hungarian March Februa1'11, 1939 H.KOWALSKI February, 1939 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 63 64 THE YOUNG CITIZEN Februa.111, 1989 ELEMENTARY SCIENCE SECTION The World's Famous Waterfall IN THE mountains of the Philippines are some beautiful waterfalls. Some of these, especially the falls at Pagsanjan, Laguna, ar:e well known. There are also beautiful waterfalls in Japan, the well-known waterfall in Africa known as Victoria Falls, and others. in various countries. But probably the most famous waterfall in the world is Niagara Falls in the United States. Ii: is on the Niagara River which flow. between the state of New York and the province of Ontario, Canada. This well known waterfall is about 165 feet high. It is said ·that more than 100,000,000 cubic feet of water passes over the falls in an hour. The rush of the river is such that the water is shot 120 feet out from the cliff. The water is gradually wearing aw.ay the rock, so that the waterfall is moving siowly backward at the rate of five feet a year. Below the falls the river rushes with great speed down the sloping bottom of a narrow chasm for a distance of seven miles. About three mil'8 below the falls a sudden turn in the channel causes the water to whirl in a vast cir~ular basin before continuing its journey down the river. Logs and other floating material sometimes continue whirling there for many days. On each side of the falls in a beautiful public park. The park on the American side iniiaintained by the state of New York, and the on~ on the Canadian side is maintained by the Canadian government. At night colored lights-red, green, blue, and other colors-are thrown on the glistening white falls. The ever. changing colors . of the falls and the mist make one of the most beautiful sights in the world. ·u is said that in ancient times the Amer1c.an Jndian tribe living near the falls offered in sacrifice a beautiful Indian girl, who was placed in a decorated canoe set . afloat in the river above the falls. When Hie canoe went over the great cataract,. she was dashed to pieces on the rocks below, as a sacrifice to the Indian gods. On page 65 will be found a number of views of different places at Niagara Falls, !!lade from actual photographs. .Beginning at the left. there is a photograph showing a general view of Niagara. Below. this is a part or' the falls know11 as Horseshoe Falls because it is shaped like a horseshoe. Be-· low it is .another view of the same falls as &een from Canada. In the lower left corn.er is a picture of the whirlpool rapids already referred tc. In the upper right corner is a t-'icture of the river above the falls. Below it is a view of another part of the falls on the American side. Below that is a part of the falls known as the Rock of Ages. The tourist, dressed in a rubbe~ suit of clothing, may go behind a part of the falls by walking along the narrow bridge shown in the picture. In the picture in the lower right corner may be seen the great whirlpool to lt'ebruary, 1939 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 65 which reference has been made. The tourist who visits the eastern part of :he United States should not miss a trip to Niagara FaHs, the world's most famous .. I I r waterfall. This is a very beautiful place t() visit at ar.y time of the year, and thousands of tourists from all p.arts of the world go t;!ere annually. 66 THE YOUNG CITIZEN Febntary, 1939 The Oldest Living Thing in the World Compare the size of the house and tM trees. WITHOUT doubt, the oldest living thing in the wodd is a tree. In California there is a great sequoia tree named the General Sherman, the age of which is "estimated to be about 3,500 years, and it may live for 5,000 years .if ·not destroyed by accident or disastrous climate changes," according to Mr. E. T. Karganilla of the Philippine Bureau of Science. The dimensions of thi~ tree are given a.~ follows: diameter ·at the base, 37.3. feet; diameter 100 feet above the'; ground, 18.7 feet; height, 273.9 feet. Its circumference at the ground is 88 feet. It has a volume of 50,000 board feet, enough material to build 500 fiveroom hou_ ses. To transport its trunk, a train of 30 cars would be needed. giant io 33 feet in diameter, but is 5 feet shorter than ihe General Sherman; it has a volume of 45,000 board feet. In the Yosemite National Park, California, the Grizzly Giant of Mariposa Grove measures 30 feet in diameter at the base, and 204 feet in height. It is. estimated to be about 3,800. years old. An automobile road has been constructed through the base of this tree. There is a cypress tree 250 miles south of ·the City of Mexico which has a diameter of 50 feet at its base. An authority estimates the age of this tree as 7,000 years, and says it is ·'the oldest living wonder of nature." If this estimated age is Correct, this was .a living tree when the ancient civilizations of the Hebrews, the Phoenicians, the Egyptians, and other races existed. Another great tree in California is called the General Grant. This forest Compare the size of the auto and the trees. February, 1939 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 67 HEAL TH AND SAFETY SECTION Sweet Berries By QUIRICO A. CRUZ* TWO schoolboys, Benito and Alfonso, were leisurely trudging along the road to school. They lived in a barrio, and the school was far from their homes. "Let us walk faster. We might be late," eaid Benito. "It is still early. We don't need to hurry. There is plenty of time yet," replied Alfonso. ..Look'!" he added pointing to some red berries that grew on a large vine climbing on a tree along the roadside. "Those are berries. They are ripe and must be yery nice to eat." uNo, they are not good to eat," said Benito. sweet. He tasted another. "See? Try some. They are sweet.:' "No, thank you. I'll try some next time." Alfonso continued eating the berries. After a while they ·went on. They reached •chool just on time. When the morning · exercises were finished, Alfonso began to feel uneasy. He began to ·have a pain in his stomach. "What is the matter?" asked the teacher. "My stomach," said Alfonso: "It hurts me." · "What did you eat for your breakfast?" 14He ate some berries on the way to school," "Father told me It is not safe to eat unknown fruits. said Benito. "The that that kind of fruit should not be eaten." berries must be the cause of his stomach "I have eaten berries like those before. Let us try some," insisted Alfonso. ''We'd better not. Are you sure• they are good to eat?" "I'm sure they are. I'll show you that they are," said Alfonso, as he picked some of the ripe berries. He tasted one. It was * Assistant P1·incipal, Gregorio del Pilar Elementary School, Manna. trouble." "Did you? Really?" asked Mr. Santos. "Yes, sir," Alfonso replied. By this time Alfonso was feeling worse. Drops of perspiration gathered over his face and body. Mr. Santos took hi.;, to the school clinic. Fortunately the school doctor was in. The doctor examined him and found he (Please turn to page 87.) 68 THE YOUNG CITIZEN Febnuirw, 1919 WORK AND PLAY SECTION Try to Do These By ALICE CROWELL HOFFMAN lt:S done/ ~~ I. Hold your right hand palm upward. Places coin on the tip of each finger. Without using your thumb or your left hand try to w?rk all the coins in. a pile on the tip of y~ur first finger. II. Lay a coin on a flat plate near its edge. Pour in enough water barely to cover the coin. The problem is to remove the coin with one finger without getting the finger wet. The solution is to set a small candle upright in the center of the plate. Light the candle and cover it with a tumbler. When the edge of the tumbler is under water, the pressure of the air will force the water into the glass, thus leaving the coin high and dry, ready to be picked up. Famous Filipinos By DONATO SADSAD • · On the line at the end of each paragraph write the name of the historical character to whom reference is made. 1. 'l'his famous man is the greatest of our heroes. He was a doctor, a linguiSt ·a writer, a patriot. He died for his country. What is his name?--------2. What famous soldier of the Philippines with a few men bravely defended the pass which led to the camp of General Aguinaldo at Palanan, and is known as "the hero of Tirad Pass"? - - - - - - - - - - - 3. What Philippine patriot is call~d "the brain• of the revolution" because he greatly aided General Aguinaldo with his advice? 4. What man-probably the greatest of our Filipino generals-loved his country so well that when dying he said, "Wrap me in the Philippine flag and bury me in Philippine soil"?----------5. Who was one of the greatest printers of the Philippines?------~--6. What noted jurist was the first Filipino lawyer to be appointed a justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines? - - - - 7. What Filipino, whose gr.eatest work is called The Spolarium, advertised our country abroad by his drawing and paintings? (Answei·s on page 77) • Teacher, Camiling, Tadac. Febru.a.rr1, 1919 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 69 Parts of Your Body By FAUSTINO DOMINE* What part (or parts) of your body is : 1. The name of things used in building a house? (Write the answer in the blank.) 2. The name of the ripened fruits of a cereal secured hundreds of years ago from the American Indians and grown extensively in the Philippines?----~---3. A word which sounds like a pronoun which you often use?-------4. The name of a part of a tree? --5. Tho name of the leader of a group? 6. A word which tells how cats drink? 7. The name of a length of twelve inches? 8. A name which sounds like the name cf a swift-running rodent with long ears? 9. The name of a growth on one's foot caused by ill-fitting shoes?-----10. The name of weapons of offense and defense?------------• 11. A name which sounds the same as the name of a male deer?-------12. A name which sounds the same as the name of a painter's tablet on which to mix paints? ------------13. A name which sounds the same as an adjelllive which describes a conceited person? --------------14. The name of a weapon used for whipping an offender in some states or coun•Principal, Pototan Academy, Pototan, Iloilo. Geography CrossWord Puzzle By ELISEO L. CARBONELL •. HORIZONTALS: 1. A valley in Italy .. 2. The chief commercial center in the Philippines. 3. A chartered city in the Visayan islands. 4. The summer capital of the Philippines. 5. A city in Japan. 6. A famous city in Italy. 7. A large country of South America. 8. A river of northern Asia. (Answers on page 73) "' Principal, Calumbaga Elementary School, Bauang, La Union. tries? 15. The name of something which many persons chew?----------(Answers on page 11.) .7.0 THE YOUNG CITIZEN F•brua.rt1 .• 1999 THE SLEEP FAIRY .P 7'Hdntltnu Jamq,s T. Quarlts wit!. l'l<lal - .w .. .. ~ . . - .. .~ . ...I = - - v - - el Ii.is - ke~ of lie.au • tt - fu.I 9tars 4re fi'l"S~ rcr- fnJ. ker . "' { . ~ ~ ., I r . ~ .. • . ... ~ ....I .. - - Jrealfl!!I I ker Ill v.ork IS ~e t ~ = . .Land., A-sun; . Y/htt1 PP .. '" ,. .. ....I - lutii.t.. A114. - gun..; 1lt£. --... I! . ., . 1''ebrua.ry, 1989 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 71 ,. .Ii' .. ' ....... - - - - - ... - - ... - ~ -· - ~ - - .. , . - I "'\I '• ""' "" .. '· -w Ir' I I al I , , -.. 1! r;tis Ill ~ Wiil - Aow.s .all 0 -v<r • to.We& of tkc c~ll - d..rtK who 11~4. Oii 0111" ,tree.t ~ II~ I I I I I I I I I I . ~ -. - - " 11 I r.....J.. •< ~ i"' : II' ..... . ... .. . ... ··- ·- ~ - ~ ~ . .. . ... L . ... .. - - ~ - - - , ... .... .. ',., - .. ... lu«. - '11" p:I - low ~ dawn. a swed:: d..nam 01' ,, 111-I - la - Iv', klASh -a -~, rock. - a - ~ sl!'leet.. n ;J. .J. -" I .J. ... I J ~ - ., I . . . ... ...... • . ~ - ~ 72 THE YOUNG CITIZEN February, 1989 How to Study Your Lessons OFTEN pupils attend their classes without preparing their lessons. The reason for this unpreparedness is not due to the J.ack of time and too much as:signed work, but is due principally to their not knowing how to study their lessons properly. The following suggestions will help earnest pupils prepa_re and accomplish their work every day. Suggestions to Pupils 1. Have a place for everything and everything and in its place. Let us suppose that you have just come from school in the evening. After having eaten your meal and rested a short time, you begin to study your lessons: If your books are not in their proper place, if your note books are not in their place, and if other needed materials can not soon be found, yeu get angry and start scolding. You are wasting your time which should be used to prepare your lessons. 2. Don't have the "after?1ards habit." Thinking that you have still enough time, you say, "I will do it afterwards." This is a bad habit pupils should avoid. Remember that time is gold, and lost time is never found again. Learn to use time _wisely. Because .of the "maiiana habit," your work is hurriedly * Camiling Elementary School, Camiling, Tarlac. By JULIANA C. SADSAD • done if it is done at all. You do it just when you are about to start for school. Sometimes you do it when you are in your classroom studying your other subjects. Can you expect to have well prepared 'York and a successful recitation? 3. Have a schedule or study program· for your study at your home. You must learn how to divide your :time, since you have many subjects to study. Begin· to study your most difficult subjects first. Be sure that all subjects will be given time for study. Never lay aside those which you think are not important. Minor subjects are sometimes the hardest. The following is a rough program for you as a guide. 5 :00-6 :00-Supper and recreation. 6 :00-6 :IO-Newspaper or magazine reading. 6 :10-6 :30-Arithmetic. 6 :30-6 :50-Language. 6 :50-7 :00-Rest and play. 7 :00-7 :40-History and Social Science. 7 :40-8 :00-Reading. 8·:00-5 :00-Sleep. ·5 :00-6 :OO-Review. 6 :00-6 :30-Bath, dressing, and breakfast. 6 :30-7 :00-Going to school. 7 :00-7 :30-Review of the subjects to be recited. 4. Remember to have a rest period during your study time. To force yourself to study when you are 'tired or when you have mental fatigue is not good. Have a good mental attitude toward your lessons. Otherwise You will not get much out of the lessons. Center your thoughts en your lessons. 5. Observe the rules for study which you follow at school. Make believe that your teacher is at your side while you are studying your lessons at home. By doing this, you are helping yourself develop the habit of self study. 6. Always have a review of your lessons before you start for school. The review is very important. Wise men always review · their work many times. How much more is it necessary for you to do so? 7. Make notes if you think they are of importance to you. Note taking is valuable. Re-· cite your lessons in your own words and not those of. the text book. 8. When you study have a quiet place in a room by yourself. It is impossible for you to keep your mind on your work if you are trying to study in a room in which ihere .are several other per~ons talking ·-to each other. You will naturally listen to some of the things which they say, and thus your mind will be taken from your work. (Turn to page 77.) THE YOUNG CITIZEN HOW THE CROCODILE very slowly from the injuries LEARNED TO HUNT which he had re""ived. He . (Continued from page ~1) was very angry at the dog for The crocodile rushed at liim. his bad advice. He resolved But he inade so much noise in that he would· include dogs dojng so that the man heard among the animals that he him, and of course he ran and his children and his chilaway, as any wise man would. dren's children would eat. He did not want to be eaten. When he became better, he T'ne crocodile followed him as went out once more to hunt fast as he could. But the man for food. He tried to catch the threw away his bamboo tube and ran very, very fast. As he ran, he kept shouting for help, so that before he reached the village, he had attracted many people with his loud cries of "Help! Help!" The people rushed <>t the crocodile with great clubs and began to strike him. They . struck him so hard that he ran back into the lake, but nat before he had received a very severe beating. Instead of catching a man, 'he himself was almost captured. For some days after this, the crocodile did not go m1t of his cave. The poor creafaire had no mother to give him anything to eat while he was getting well from his beating. So he recovered CROSS-WORD PUZZLE animals that came his way, but he could not captur~ any of them. So he said to "' cat whom he saw drinking at the edge of the lake, "Friend Cat, please tell me how you catch an animal for food." The cat answered, "Just sit in a hidden place and wait there quietly for an animal to come along. Do 11:ot move until the animal is within easy reach. When he is near enough, jump at him and you v.-ill get him." The crocodile thanked the cat and went way' to hunt for food. He hid himself in a shallow part of the water near the shore where water plants grew. He lay in wait there without moving, and before long he saw a wild pig coming down to the water for a drink. He felt hungrier than ever when he saw the tat pig. He wanted to rush at him at once. He was so still that the pig did not see nor hear him, and even went into the water near the crocodile's hiding place, for it was noon and the day was warm. While the pig was enjoying his bath, the crocodile rushed upon him, knocked liim down with his strong fail, and caught him with his 73 great jaws. He had a fine meal that day. The crocodile went to the ~at and thanked her for her good advice. "I will always remember what you told me, friend Cat;" said the crocodile. "You have taught me how to hunt and catch animals. If it had not been for you, I would surely have starved to death, for I was unable to catch any animal for my food until I learned the trick from you. ;<ow I shall always have plenty of ·food, thanks to your teaching, friend Cat. And as long as crooodiles live, they will neverharm a cat." So even today the crocodile uses the same m~thod of se- . curing his food. He hides himself among the water plants and waits for some animal to come near him. Sometimes, when there is no hiding place for him in the water, he floats down the river, pretending to be a piece of wood, or a log, so that his. prey will not easily notice· him. Then, when he is near enough, he springs upon the ifiimal and catches him. Sometimes he knocks him over with his powerful tail. To show his hatred for the· dog who gave hi~ bad ad'vice, the erocodile still eats dogs. whenever he can catch them. On the other hand, the crocodile does not harm a cat. At least that is the t>elief. He is still. grateful to the animal who taught him how to secure his food.-Adapted by per';nission from Lanao Prog_ress. '74 THE YOUNG CITIZEN Febnu&"7/, 1999 A Page of Poems MORNING PRAYER f ATHER, hear our morning prayer: This day keep us in Thy .Care; All we do and all we say, May they be our best today ! THINGS WHICH I LIKE I LIKE to ,dance, I like to play, I like to go to school each dily; I like to read. I like to sing, I like most ev'ry thing. OUR FLAG SING a song about our flag, See the colors waving high; All salute, all salute, When the flag passes by. MEii.CY TOWARD ALL TEACH me to feel another's w~e, To hide the fault I see; The mercy I to others. show That mercy to show to me. WISDOM By SOLEDAD SOLOMON 0 UR time and our talent We hold from above. May each hour Leave us richer In wisdom and love. THE WATCHING STARS A LL the night, when I am sleeping, While the silent hours go. by, Little stars their watch are keeping Far above me in the sky. Febma.ry, 1989 MARIA'S COMPANIONS (Continued froin. pa.ge 71) Humble though they be, Make the mighty ages Of eternity. Pedro and Lolita each want a loose leaf book for pressed flowers. This afternoon I am going to help Lolita with hers, and tomorrow I'll help Pedro. This vacation got started off so well for me that I think it is going to be best one I have ever had. Can't you come into town and spend a while with me? We would like so much to have you. Your friend, Anita If you have been reading The Young Citizen during the past year you will remember that we introduced Maria in January, 1938. Each month throughout the year we have told you something about Maria's companions. These companions are the characte.rs in her books. She is so well acquainted w i t h her hooks that the people in them seem like real persons to her. The first of her companions to be introduced to you were Kit and Kat in TM Dutch Twins by Lucy Fitch Perkins. Next came the four girls, Meg, Jo, Beth, and Amy in Little Women by Louisa M. Alcott. You read about the birds in the Album of PhWppine Birds by Dr. Canuto S. Manuel. Then there were the poems, and you learned to make a binding for a loose leaf book in which to copy your favorite poems. · Among Maria's companions are plants. She told THE YOUNG CITIZEN you how she used the book Philippine Plant Life by John W. Ritchie and Julia P. Echavarria. And you remember Bobby and Sister Sue in Shoes and Ships and Sealing w..., by Ethel Clere Chamberlin. How would you like a horse like Black Beauty as he was described in Black Beauty by Anna Sewell? Perhaps one of Maria's most interesting companions is Heidi, the Swiss child of the Alps. Anita told the story of Heidi and Clara after reading Heidi by Johanna Spyri. Just now you heard of ·TM Philippine Twins by Lucy Fitch Perkins, the same author who wrote TM Dutch 7'wins. We hope that we have made these books seem interesting, and that you will want to read each of them. Now we shall give you a list that may help in seleeting books for yourself and for your friends. Perhaps you, like Maria, can find real companionship in your reading. There are many, many good books for girls and boys -hundreds of them, but we can give you the titles of only a few. Here they are : Paz and Pablo by Mitchell. Philippine Folklore Stories by lllliller. Little Wooden Doll by Bianco. Peter Pan by Barrie. Juan and Juanita. Pinocchio by Collodi. Jack O' Hea/Jth and Peg O' Joy. Child's Garden of Verses by Robert Louis Stevenson. Sto1'1J a Day Book by Holt. 75 Jack' and Susan Stories by Darby. Climbing Twins by C)ark. In Animal Land by LaRue. Nizie Bunny in Far-away Land. Fil and· Filippa by Thompson. Ad11entures of Sonny Bear liy Fox. Favorite M o t h e r Goose Rhymes. Grimm's Fairy Tales by Grimm Brothers. - Hans Brinker by Dodge. The Hiawatha Alphabet by Holbrook. Kipling's Boy Stories by :Kipling. Little Brother to the Scouts by Watson. The Little Lame Prince by Craik. Kittens and Cats. Robinson Crusoe by Defoe. Swiss ·Family Robinson by Wyss. Treaeure Island by Stevenson. Dolly and Molly on Chrietmae Day by Gordon. Mother Cary by Lamont. Tommy Tad and Polly Wog by Trick. Tiny Cottontail by Hinkle. Little Men by Akoi:t. WMn I Wae a Girl in Me,,_ ico. Pi.ang, the Moro Jungl• Boy. .Philippine Insect Stori•s by Builag and Belting. Our Wide, Wide World by Craig and Baldwin. Now we have ended our story about Maria's compan!ons. You have the list. Make them yowr companions. (The End) 76 THE FUNNY PAGE THE YOUNG CITIZEN THE ANIMAL TOURISTS· VISIT AN IGUANA 'T'HE ANIMAL TOURISTS ARE IN THEI~ AIRPLANE .GOING. ON "T'HEIR 'T'RIP A~OUlllDTHE WOil AND ARi. lllOW l=L't'ING OVt.Rillt. TROPICS· SUDDfl'ILV·"Ttt~ SM~p EYE OF REOOY fl))(. '.)EES AN lGUANA fAR 8ELCM~ SQ "THEY DE.Clbl: ON l'W\AK\M.6 HIM A FRIENDLY C:ALL. February, 1989 Feb1'11ary, 1939 YOUNG CITIZEN PANTRY (Continued from pa,ge 59) turnip tops, spinach, cabbage, and camote. (See the illustration on page 59.) The reason one should not cut the leaves into pieces before cooking, is that if they are cut into small pieces, they are exposed to the air and there is greater destruction of the vitamins while cooking. More minerals dissolve in the \Vater also. If ·leaves are used for food before they get large and tough, there is no reason for cutting them into small pieces before cooking. . The exact time required for cooking leaves depends, of course, upon the age and toughness of the leaves. Very young, tender leaves maY be cool<ed in eight or ten minutes. Use just enough water so that when the. leaves are done there will be only enough to moisten them. When such water is used, food materials dissolve out of the leaves into the water, and so are lost. A very small amount of fat may be added to the J..,.ves when they are put on to cook. The purpose of the fat is to absorb the fine flavor. Fat absorbs flavors. After the leaves are co~ked done they may be served whole. It is not necessary to chop them into small pieces. Leaves are more delicious if served hot. Therefore, when preparing them, they should be put on to cook in time for them to be .ready just before the meal is to be served. Leaves may be served as a s e p a r a t e vegetable dish. THE YOUNG CITIZEN Some persons like them better with a few drops of lemon juice squeezed over them, or vinegar. This should, of course, be done by the individual eating rather than by someone in the kitchen. Leaves may be cooked and served with other food such as meat. If the meat is to cook 45 mi.notes, the leaves should be added only 10, 15, or 20 minutes before the meat is done. They should not cook the whole 45 minutes. Lettuce is one of the leafy vegetables. It is one of. the best of these foods. It is so tender .and delicate that it may be eaten raw when we are sure it has grown on ground which is not contaminated with disease germs that come from filth. When we are not sure that the lettuce is .safe to eat raw, it should be cooked a few minutes. Lettuce leaves arevery tender and delicate if they are the right age and size, so they should be cooked only a short time. A good way to cook lettuce is to wilt it. Lettuce is commonly served raw as a salad, or a part of a mixed salad dish. The crisp leaves appeal to the eye and to the palate. It is probably .more desirable to serve lettuce raw, since then no nutrients (food substances) are lost; but in case there is any doubt as to whether it can safely be eaten raw, it may be wilted. Lettuce is a valuable food. It is appetizing. It is nutritious because it is a good source of vitamins. 77 HOW TO STUDY YOUR LESSONS (Continued from page 72) 9. Always have a good light when you are studying. A poor study light is a handicap ; therefore study with proper lighting conditions. 10. And most important of all : master everything in your lessons. If you need help, go to your teacher. But get everything-one hundred per cent - and you will . be a strong pupil. SWEET BERRIES (Continued from pa,ge 61) was suffering from the slightly poisonous wild berries. Treatment was administered, but it took a couple of days before he became well. "I'll surely never do .anything like that again," said Alfonso. "I have learned that it is not· safe to eat unknown fruits." FAMOUS FILIPINOS (Answers to questions) 1. Jose Rizal 2. Gregorio de! Pilar 3. Apolina~io Mabini 4. Antonio Luna 5. Tomas Pinpin 6. Cayetano Arellano 7. Juan Luna. PARTS OF YOUR BODY (Answers to questions) 1. nails 2. ears 8. eye (I) 4. t r u n k 5. head 6. lap 7. foot 8. hair (hare) 9. corn 10. arms 11. heart (hart) 12. palate. (palette) 13. vein (vain) 14. lash 15. gum 78 THE YOUNG CITIZEN Febrtu:iT1f, 1999 q'h, Ml'.SSAGI'. this MUl\JTll THE HAPPY CHILD! Children like to be happy! Fathers and mothers like their children to be happy! Everybody likes children to be happy! So fathers, mothers,. teachers---everybody-tries to make children happy. How? Well, sometimes father and mother let their child just do as he pleases. · They give him everything he wants. And the child does as he pleases. If he does not like to go school, he stays at home. If he does not like the food, he makes his father or mother give him some other food. If he wants some candy, he mu.st have candy, or else' he cries or he does not want to do anything for father or mother. · Do you think this child is happy? I do not think he is. He only makes his father and mother very unhappy. And certainly a child should not make his parents unhappy. He should make them happy, especially when his parents are getting old. Now! Who is the happy child? Well, read again what you have already read above and you wili see the unhappy child. Would you like to be just like him? Of course, you do not want that. Then try to do just the opposite things and I am sure you will be the happy child. The happy child, then, is the one who loves his parents.· And because he loves them he does not want to do anything that makes them unhappy. · -DR. I. PANLASIGUl ! 1 How I Made My Shop Projec:I Prize Composition By REMIGIO TANCHINGCO (12 years old) After I had decided upon the project which I would make in the school shop, I made a project plan which was approved by my teacher. I bought a piece of wood for four centavos. I planed the wood so that it was very smooth. When the wood was ready for sawing, I placed the pattern on it. Then I sawed· the wood according to the pattern. It did not take long to finish the sawing. In order to make the sides smooth, I used a file. Then I sandpapered it so as to make it smoother yet. After that I sandpapered it a second time, and then my project was ready for assembling. The assembling was not difficult. I nailed it together with small n.ails; I used a light weight hammer. ·After I had finished my project, I inspected it carefully. Then I asked my teacher to examine it. He looked it over carefully, and said it was all right. I had made a neat looking and useful cigarette stand. THE YOUNG CITIZEN Raising Vege:lables in My Garden Prize Composition By S!RINIO QUENI/l.lilO (12 years old) First, I planted seeds in the seed boxes. After planting the seeds, I watered the soil, and loosely covered the boxes with a little dry grass. 111 a few days the seeds began to grow. After a while the young. plants were .ready for transplanting in the garden plots. Late in the afternoon I set out the seedlings, and watered each one after it was set out. The following morning I went to my garden very early. I covered the tender plants so they would not be burned by the sun. In the evening I took the covers off, and" -watered my plants .. I did this for five days. Then I removed the rovers and laid them aside. Each afternoon I cultivated and watered my plants. I pulled up any weeds that appeared, and I cleaned and swept the paths. By and by the fruits and vegetables in my garden were ready to be harvested. I ·gathered them, and took them to the market, where I sold them. 79 Selec:ted ComposiHons ·Mg Experience as a Baker In April, during the school vacation, I had a chance to work in my uncle's bakery. My uncle's -bakery was one of the most popular in that town, so we had to work all day and even late at night. I had never been a baker before, so the other workers had to teach me. They watched me carefully to see that· I did not make any mistakes. I worked in this bakery during my entire vacation. -Silverino P. Villa (14 years old). Mg Vacation Trip The news came to us that the volcano in .Albay was about to have an eruption, so some of us started for the place. At ten o'clock in the evening we reached the former town of Dar.aga. We found a · place to stay, and remained for two days near the volcano. We took many kodak pictures of the ·volcano and places nearby. After two days, we returi;t•d home. I enjoyed my vacation trip very much.-Juan Ramos (13 years old). 80 THE YOUNG CITIZEN February, 1939 (?lIAI'S wiil, 1h. JIEJIDJl[][tlDJIRJ First, a chat with our teachers in the Philippinesthat group of men and women who ~re moulding the future citizens of tlie nation : We are making a sincere effort to provide for you, fellow teachers, a valuable aid by means of The Young Citizen. Your edit.or was for years a teacher and a supervisor both in the Philippines and the United States, and consequently realizes the splendid help which teachers can secure from the pages of The Young Citizen. The purpose of our inagazine is to provide entertaining and educational reading matter, games, devices, et cetera whieh will encourage boys and girls to read and enjoy reading, and to do things which will help to make them alert and active. We believe that this purpose will be found very helpful to teachers in their work. The Bureau of Education has approved The Young Citizen not only for the upper grades (4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th) of the Elementary Schools, but the approval of the Bureau includes primary grades (2nd and 3rd) in which grades pupils are able to read easy material. Primary teachers will find in our magazine ample material for grades one, two, and three, which material, we are confident, pupils will be able to read and enjoy. These articles, prepared by experts actually at work in the field, are selected, graded, a n d edited with extreme care. From experience we kiiow that there are many teachers of ability in the public schools of the Philippines-principals and assistant principals of high schools and elementary schools, primary teachers, iniermediate teachers, h i g h school teachers, teachers of special subjects such as domestic science, gardening, woodworking, health education, music, and so {orth. The list of capable teachers in the Islands is no doubt a lengthy one. Many such instructorsoutstanding in their particular fields of education-are quite able to write interesting and worthwhile articles for publication in The Young Citizen. And not only will such articles bring pecuniary reward to those who write · them, but they will be a great help to other teachers. We receive numerous arti. cles of merit for publication in The Young Citizen, and a number of teachers are adding at least something to their income by writing for us interesting stories .and artition. But we know there are many outstanding teachers who have, as yet, not sent us any articles for publication. Let us hear from these teachers. We would like to buy many more articles for The Young Citizen. Why don't you try your hand at writing something for our magazine? You may be abl~ to write an article which is very acceptable to us. By placing a contribution in The Young Citizen, you will be sending it to all parts of the Philippines, so .that your fellow teachers, as well as the boys and girls of other schools, may enjoy and profit by your efforts. · Of course, we gladly pay teachers and others for articles which we can use. Read our ·advertisement on the front inside cover of this number of The Young Citizen. Then prepare and send us something worthwhile in your particular field of teaching. And now, a mom"ent's chat with the boys and girls: We wish to hear from you, too, with good compositions for The What-AreYou-Doing? Club. We receive many such articles from boys and girls, but we would like to receive many more. Don't forget that each c!es in elementary science, month we give two prizes for good citizenship, health edu- · the two best compositions.cation, and primary educa- The Editor. A NEW CLUB FOR BOYS AND GIRLS The What-Are-You-Doing? Club The Editor of The Yo1111g Citizen has organized a new club. Any boy or girl who reads Tiu: Young Citfaen may become a member of this club, even though not a subscribe1·. The only requirement for becoming a member is to write us about some interesting thing you have done or are doing. Perhaps you are cOllecting postage stamps, 01· learning to make your own d1·ess, or perhaps you cultivate a vegetable garden or a flower garden, or have made a collection of butterftics or shells, 01· have visited a volcano, or have done something else of inte1·est. Write .us about it in a composition of 300 words or less. ·Each of the Writers of the Two Best Compositioni Will Receive a Prize. The prizes: An Ink-D-Cator Fountain Pen and an Interesting Book. We will publish in The Yolfng Citizen as many of the best compositions as space will permit, even if they are not prize winners. Send a drawing or a photog1·aph with your composition if you can do so, but this is not l't.>quh·ed. In your letter st&te Yihat you liked bt•st in The Young Citizen fo1· this month. ' On your composition write your name and address YERY PLAINLY, state your age, and tell what grade you are in at school. At the end of each month the prize compositions and the selected compositions for t>Ublieation will be chosen from those sent during the month. Send yours as early as possible. Become a Member of the New Club for Boys and Girls. The What-Are-You-Doing? Club Address all letters to The What-Are-You-Doing? Club Care of Community Publishers, Inc. Publishers of The Young Citizen P. 0. Box 685, Manila, Philippines -Oi-Sell The Young Ci:tizen in Spare Time On Sa:lurdays cir Af:ter School. The Plan i~ SimpleWrite for Information and List of Premiums. Copy, fill out, and mail us the following: The Young Citizen Premium Department Community Publishers, Inc. P. 0. Box 685.-Mani~,_Philippines I want to earn a Good Fountain Pen, a Box of Correspoiidencc StationerY, and some of your Splendid Books in my Spare Time. Send me a Li•t of the Premiums , and information immediately, so I can get to work. ~\) ~~?)~ 1 1 Your Name (PLAINLY) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i~ f~~:;: Your Address (PLAINLY) . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . c 11 1'l•J ~~ ~reJWJ.i§.?.ttE)l~az... w: ~§J"iirntti}~µ™W~™'~~™~~