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The Young Citizen: The Magazine for Young People

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Part of The Young Citizen: The Magazine for Young People

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The Young Citizen: The Magazine for Young People

Issue Date

Volume 5 (Issue No. 8) August 1939

Year

1939

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I" I Announcement to All Writers: We Will Pay You for wriling articles of meril for publication in THE YOUNG CITIZEN. We want interesting children's stories from 200 to SOO wards in length; also gamei, reading devices, ~rticles of historical interest, elementary science and health articles, puzzles, jokts, and playlets. \Ve als~ wish to buy several good serial stories. Interesting stories less than 200 word" in length are desired for Little PeoPle. Ydu can add to your income by writing for us. Primary Teachers: We especially desire various kinds of interesting material suitable for F"irst. Second. and Third Grade Pupils. We will pay teachers a~d others for material which we can use. Each article should be written in clear, easy, correct English, on one side of the. paper, t)•pe-.nitten if possible, or written by hand neatly and legibly. The article should be submitted with a self-addressed stamped envelope, other-· wise the publisheu will not return it to the writer in case !t cannot be used. Addrt:ss all communications to: The Managing Editor The Young Citizen Care of Community Publishers, Inc. P. 0. Box 685, Manila, Philippines ..... l 1 ~ ~· l 3 9 • Reading and Answering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26S Matching Words-Maria Nie<Vn A. Austi·:u . 268 Which Is the Word?-Maximo M. Munoz 269 • For Second Graders Draw the Missing Part . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............. , . Writing Names-Teresa B. Calimlim .. , . What Are They Doing?-Gervacia Guarin 270 270 2il • For Third Graders • • • • • • • • Herding the Carabaos-Mrs. Josefina Arquiza-Sa11tos , , . On the •Bus-George Applegfirth ................. . Politeness at Home-Mrs. Leoncia T. Galicano .. Stories Oinky-F1/isa Gaite-Ed1a<vez ... A Tale of a Puppy-B. Hill Canova The Monkeys and the Moon-Angel I'. Campoy .. Poems When I'm a Lady-Mrs. Paz P. Salgado ...... . The Ifugao Man-M. de Gracia Concepcion .. Queens of the Beans-...M. de Gracia Concepcion . Character and Citizenship A School Child-Dr. /. Panlasigui ...... . The Honor of the Playing Field-Ar1kur Mee ..... Elementary Science A Visit to the Manila Aquarium-Sifeoino 1:. Episto/11. Volcanoes ..... Music Appreciation Marching Soug-L. Ormiston Cl1ant . The Sirdar-Ippoli10/l-foanofl The Instruments of the Brasswind Section-Bert Paul Osbon .... History How We Got Our Alphabet ............... . Some Important Birthdays and Events of August Health and Safety Some Simple Remedies The Law of Heahh Work and Play Cream Pie Recipes ....................... . Science Cross-Word Puzzle-Maximiniano A. l'elasquez . The Figure Maze-Francisco Cortes ... Do You Know How to Use Your Library?-Candido Arellano . The What-Are-You-Doing? Club .............. . Chats with the Editor ..•.••..... 272 273 273 27S 276 278 267 280 296 266 290 286 289 274 281 282 294 298 284 285 291 292 292 293 303 304 Published monthly by the Community Publishers, Inc., 122 Crystal Arcade, Escoltn, Maniln, · ntered aa Second Cla&& Mail Matter at the Manila Poet Office on May 18. 1936. Direetor: Jod E. RomBro; Managing Editor: Bert Pa.ul Oabon; Contributing gui and Qui.WO A. Cr!'z; Statf Artist: Pedro Pa.11"'4; Busineas Manager: : Ps.oo for one :rear of 12 inues: $2.00 in the United Stateai and foreian Single COPJ'. 30 centavos. SubsorriptWns a1·c to be paid lo Commtmitu P1tb!ishcrs, I11c. n.u; MAGAZINE; !=OR YOUNG PJ;OPLE; 266 THE YOUNG CITIZEN August, 1939 A SCHOOL CHILD I am a school child. I am only a little child. Very often I hear people say that as a little child I can do nothing for my country. They say that only grown-ups are able to rriake our country prosperous, happy, and peaceful. · · The farmer produces from the soil the food of the people. The fisherman gets fish from . the rivers and seas. The miner digs from the ground minerals, such as gold, silver, iron, coppiir, and petroleum. The business man and. the 'merchant sell and buy things needed by the people. The physician and the nurse take care of the health of the people. The lawyer, the musician, the artist, the soldier, ·the minister, and other _grown-ups do something for the country. But I am only a little school child. What can I do for my country? I can do much! I do not need to wait until I am grown up. Now, as a school child, I am doing a few things for my country. Here are some of these things: I am growing up to be a man or a woman. I am keeping myself healthy and strong. I am trying to do my best to form habits to. make me live happily with other people. I am trying to be thoughtful of others. I am going to school. I am the hope of my country. What I will be my country will also be to-morrow. To be a school child is to do the greatest thing· any one can do for one's own country. -DR. I. PANLASIGUI August, 1939 THE YOUNG CITIZEN A POEM FOR THIS MONTH WHEN I'M A LADY By AIRS. PAZ P. SALGADO* WHEN I'm a lady, a lady, A friend I'll be if I can - and I can! I'll try to make the sorrowing glad, Teach folks to be good and IJ.Ot to be bad; I'll comfort all who are in distress, And try to bring to them happiness, When I'm a lady. When I'm a lady, a lady, A singer I'll be if I can - and I can! I'll sing each day the sweetest song, And cheer sad people the whole day long; I'll teach each little child to sing, To ev'ry heart sweet joy to bring, When I'm a lady. When I'm a lady, a lady, A seam tress I'll be if I can - and I can! I'll cut and sew new dresses for you, Some red and white, some pink and blue, With ribbons and buttons and patterns gayy ou'll like to wear them night or day; When I'm a lady. (Please turn to page 296.) *Teacher, General l\/I. Hizon Elementary School, Manila. 268 THE YOUNG CITIZEN August, 1939 FOR FIRST GRADERS READING AND ANSWERING Place a cross under the picture which answers the question: WHICH ANIMAL CAN FLY? WHICH ANIMAL HAS HORNS? MATCHING WORDS By MARIA NIEVES A. AUSTRIA* Draw a line under that part of the sentence printed on the left side of each column which is the same as the words printed on the right side. 1. This is a cat. a cat 2. I have a pretty flower. a pretty flower 3. I am her sister. her sister 4. This is a little girl. a little girl •Academic Division, Bureau of Education, l\lanila. 5. He is a big boy. a big boy 6. This is a bell. a bell 7. You are her brother. her'brother 8. I have a pretty dress. a pretty dress :11tg11Jt, 1939 THE YOUNG CITIZEN FOR FIRST GRADERS WHICH IS THE WORD? By MAXIMO M. MUl'IOZ * Draw a line from the picture to its name. cow horse pig carabao cat cow book egg hen foot toes hand father feather leaf *Principal, l\1alinao Elementary School, Malinao, Athay. hen duck goat bolo knife saw stove table fan bed table chair chair table cup 270 THE YOUNG CITIZE:-1 .. J11911SI, 1939 FOR SECOND GRADERS DRAW THE MISSING PART Here. we see a picture of a house, a picture of an auto, and a picture of a goat. In each picture something is missing. Can. you· draw the missing part? house auto goat WRITING NAMES By TERESA B. CALIULIM Write the name which completes each sentence. A name always be~ gins with a capital letter. 1. My name is 7. My aunt's name is-----: 2. My teacher is Miss---- 8. My friend's ·name is - - -.. 3. MyfatherisMr.----. 9. The name of a girl in my room 4. My mother is Mrs.---- is ----------5. My brother's name is - - -. 10. The name of a boy in my room 6. My sister's name is ---- is ----------,J11911st, 1939 THE YOU;-;G CITIZEN 2jl FOR SECOND GRADERS WHAT ARE '!'.HEY DOING? Br GERVACIA GUARIN* Draw a line under the sentence which tells what they are doing. This baby is sitting under a tree. This baby is standing in the garden. This baby is sleeping i_n the house. The girl is walking in the street. The girl is sleeping in a chair. The girl is reading a book. These· boys are swimming in the water. These boys are playing in the water. These boys are riding in an auto. This man is gathering corn. This man is making a house. This man is catching fish. *Teacher, Arayat Elementarr School, Arayat, Pampanga. THE YOUNG CITIZEN A11gust, 1939 FOR THIRD GRADERS HERDING THE CARABAOS By MRS. JOSEFINA.ARQUIZA-SANTOS • ROLLING AND BERTING are brothers. Their father has three carabaos. Every day the boys herd the carabaos in the meadow. They take them to the field· after breakfast. The carabaos like to stay in the field. They like to eat the green grass. When they feel warm, they like to lie in the mud. Each of the boys owns a carabao. One.day Rolling said to his brother, "When I grow bigger I shall help father plow the field. I shall use my carabao." "I will also help father. I shall use my carabao for getting water and firewood," replied Berting. . These two brothers are very helpful. After herding the carabaos they help their father in their vegetable .garden. SOMETHING TO THINK ABOUT Draw a line through each of the wrong words. 1. Rolling and Berting are two (friends, brothers). 2. Their father owns (three, two, four) carabaos. 3. Every day the boys (feed, herd) the carabaos in the meadow. 4. The (cows, carabaos) like to lie in the mud. S. The carabaos eat (grass, rice). 6. These two boys are (lazy, helpful). 7. They help their (father, teacher) work on the farm. 8. They have a (vegetable, flower) garden. •Teacher, lsabela Elementar}' School, lsabela, Zamboanga City. Au911st, 1939 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 273 FOR THIRD GRADERS ON THE BUS By GEORGE APPLEGARTH I LOVE tci ride on the rolling But · if I ever could have bus, my way, And sit by the di::iver's It never would stop at all, side; But roll away, the livelong So light and easy it carries day, us 'Till time for my supper Wherever we wish to ride. call. POLITENESS AT HOME Bl' MRS. LEON CIA T. GALI CANO• 1. Mother comes into the sala while the children are talking. Not a vacant seat is left. What should you do? (Check the right sentence.) (a) Let Mother stand while she listens to the talk. (b) Offer her your chair and find another seat for yourself. (c) Let her find another seat for herself. 2. Father comes home . from his work very tried. He sits down and begins to unlace his shoes. What should you do? (Check the right sentence.) (a) Bring to father his slip. pers and his newspaper. (b) Tell him where he can find his slippers and his newspaper. (c) Pay no attention to him. *Teacher, Moises Salvador Elementary School, :Manila. 274 f morcofo THE YOUNG CITIZEN August~ 1939 MA.RCJIIN6 SONG L..01'MISTON CHANT ma,.,ch.; This is l"h12 w~y w<Z mal'C'h.; jump; This is ~he. way we j'ump; clap; clap, clap , clap, clap, clap slop; stop.st.op, st.op,stop, slop. August, 1939 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 275 A LITTLE STORY FOR LITTLE PEOPLE OINKY By FELISA GAITE-ECHAVEZ • The smallest of these little pigs was Oinky. MRs. SQUEALER lived in a nice pen by the side of the road. It was a beautiful pen. That is, it was as beautiful as a pig-pen could be. She had six little piggy squealers. These six little pigs all lived in the nice, beautiful pen with their mother. The smallest of the little pigs was called Oinky, because he was always saying, "Oink, Oink! Oink, ·Oink!" One day Mrs. Squealer became tired of her pen, even though it was a beautiful pen. She thought she would like to go out for a few hours and look at the world. And besides, across the road she could see some cornstalks with ears of com growing on them, and she wanted to eat some of the young ears. Then, •Teacher, Santa Filomena School, Iligan, Lanao. too, it would be nice to root around in the soft earth with her snout. So she made a hole in the side of the pen through which she could pass. She told the six little pigs not to follow her, because an automobile might pass by and run over them if they were out in the road.· "We will stay right here, mother, until you come back," all the little pigs · grunted except Oinky. He grunted, "Oink, Oink! I want to go with you, mother." Mrs. Squealer answered, "Do not follow me, Oinky. An auto might strike you. S ta y w i t h your ·bro the rs and sisters. I know you will be safe if you will stay here in our pen. I will come back soon. Perhaps I will bring you an ear of soft com or (Please turn to page 301.) THE YOUNG CITIZEN A_ugust, 1939 READING TIME FOR YOUNG FOLKS A TALE OF A PUPPY By B. HILL CANOVA playmates very much. ONCE upon a time there was a little gir 1 named Imogene. She lived on a plantation in the large island of Negros. She had no brothers or sist e r s . Sometimes she wanted some Once her mother took her to see some friends who lived in the capital of that province. These friends had a nice big mother dog with thr~e baby puppies. Imogene was delighted with the little creatures. She picked each one up, held it gently, and gave it soft little pats. "Nice little puppy, good little puppy, dear little puppy," she said to each of them. The pups seemed to understand. They walked about as well as they could on their wobbly little legs, and wagged 1:1eir tails as if to reply, "Nice little girl, good little girl, dear little girl." "What nice pl.aymates they make," said Imogene. "I wish we had a mother dog with baby pups." "Would you like to have one of these puppies, Imogene?" the owner of the pups asked. "Very, very, very much!" exclaimed Imogene, as she jumped up and down and clapped her hands. "Would you really give me one?" "Yes; I'd like you to have one." Imogene was so happy she said "Thank you" a dozen times. "You may have the black a~d white one." Imogene pickoed up the puppy, and rubbing it said, "My own good little ·puppy dQg! You are going to be a fine playmate. You are so cute and fonny I" When they started home, Imogene wanted to take the pup, of course. "I am sorry," said the owner, "but hie is much too young to leave his mother now.· He is yours, bui you must leave him· with his mother until he is old enough to eat by himself. You see he is only a baby now." Imogene was disappointed because she could not take the new pet home with her, but she knew that what the owner had said was true. She was a brave little girl, and said, "Goodbye, little puppy. I cannot. take you home with me until you are old enough to leave your ' mother." She hugged the puppy again. "Little puppy, be patient until you grow bigger. Drink your milk, eat your spinach, and take your bath every day as every good child should. By and by you· will live at my house, and what fun we will have!" As soon as she and her mother reached home, she ran shouting to meet her father. "Oh! Daddy, guess what I have." "A new doll," guessed her father. "Nicer than that!" "A new book" was her father's second guess. "Much nicer than that!" "My third and last guess is a new dress," said her father. · "Much, much nicer than that! Try A11911st, 1939 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 277 again," begged Imogene, "and this time guess the very nicest thing in the world, and you will be right." "The very ni~est thing in the world is my own little girl." '·Now, Daddy, you are teasing me, because you know I can't have myself-I belong t6 you and Mother." "You tell me then. I am not very good at guessing, and I am eager to know what the nicest thing in the world is." "A real live, wiggly, black and white puppy." "Oh!" exclaimed Father. "A real li¥e, wiggly, black and white puppy is, indeed, something nice. Show him to me. I like pups very much." "Well," replied Imogene a bit sorrowfully, "I can't show him to you because he isn't here. He is still such a young puppy he cannot leav.e his mother. But by and by he is going to grow and then I can bring him home." "That is fine. It is going to be fun playing with him." Just then the supp er bell rang. "Now it is supper time; suppose we wash our hands," said Father. Imogene washed her hands as her father had suggested. She was so happy about the pup that she felt that she wanted to obey her parents and be the best girl in the world. She finished her supper with a big glass of milk. As 'the family left the supper table Imogene asked, "Mother, as soon as I brush my teeth will you read me a story before I go to sleep? Could you find one about dogs? I like to· hear .about .pet dogs." WhiJ.e Mother was finding the story, Imogene brushed her teeth, giving them the back-and-forth, the up-and-down, and the circulat strokes. She felt like doing everything well. She also washed her face, put on her pajama&, and soon was all ready for bed. "Shall I r ea d you The Story of Fife?" asked her mother. "Yes, please do. You haven't read that one. for a long time. I remember Fife belonged. to a little girl about my size when she first owned him. With her head on her pillow Imogene was very quiet' while her mother read· to her. When the story was finished, her mother gave her a big bear-hug and tucked the mosquito net in well. The little girl soon fell into a peaceful sleep. • The next morning as soon as Imogene opened her eyes she called, "Mother, do you think my puppy is big enough so that I can bring him ·home today?" "No, not today. It will be about two weeks before we can have him." "Two weeks! Such a long time," (Pleau turn to page 297.) THE YOUNG CITIZEN August, 1939 THE MONKEYS AND THE MOON By ANGEL V. CAMPOY• MR. MONKEY-MONK sat thoughtfully unper a coconut tree. Since the old woman had gone away from her field of ba. nanas everyone of his large monkey family had been kept busy all day long. They had to clean around the banana clumps, cut off the dead leaves, and plant beans between the bananas to keep the grass from growing tall under them. When the bananas began to bear fruit, they had to top off the flower~ to make the fruit ripen faster. When harvest time came, every monkey was busy gathering the luscious fruit. They had all the bananas they could use and more too. They thought they owned all the bananas in the world. They worked hard, indeed, gathering this great harvest. WhHe they were * Head Teacher, Maslog Primary School, Sibu~ Ian, Oriental Negros. working, l\1r. Monkey-Monk sat thinking to himself. "All work and no play makes dull monkeys," thought he. "!' must give everyone sonic time to play." He thought very hard. "I have it," he said after a while. "It is only at .. night that the monkeys would have time to play, because during the daytime there is very much work to be done. Yes, a good time to play would be at night while the moon shines. Then all the monkeys could play 'tag' - in the moonlight, or chase one another among the tree-tops. But when the moon does not shine and the nights .are dark, ev-ery monkey would have to st>1.y at home. There could be no playing then. I wish it were moonlight every night, all night long." Then Mr. Monkey-Monk thought and thought some more. "I wish it were moonlight every night, all night long." He kept thinking this over and over. At last he had an idea. "Why couldn't the moon be made to shine every night, all night long?"- he asked. "Splendid! Then the monkeys could work all day long and play all night long." So he called all the monkeys together. When they were gathered together he told them his plan. "Good!" said a little monkey. "That's a fine idea! But how can we make the moon shine every night all night long?" "That's exactly what I called you for," Mr. Monkey-Monk told them. "I want somebody to think of a plan by which we can make the moon shine -every nlght, all night long. How can we get the moon so we can make it do what we wish?" "That's easy," a middle-sized monkey answered. "We'll all climb to the top of August, 1939 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 279 the tallest coconut tree. Then we'll climb on the top of each other's shoulders, and the monkey at the very top can reach up and get the moon." "The very thing to do," all the monkeys agreed. So the next evening they watched for the moon. When it shone right above the tallest coconut tree, the monkeys climbed to the top of the tree and then climbed ·on top of each other's shoulders. Then they tried to get the moon, but even the tallest monkey at the very top could not reach it. After a while they all got iired and gave up for that night. Not long after that on a moonlight evening, as Mr. Monkey'Monk sat·under a tree thinking about how to get the moon, one of the wisest old monkeys came running to him. "Oh, Mr. Monkey-Monk," he cried, "the moon has fallen down into our well. Now we can get it and make it shine for us every night, all night long." Old Monkey-Monk jumped up and hurried to the well as fast as he could. He looked down into the clear water. Yes, it was true. The moon had fallen into the well. With his very own eyes he could see the moon right there in the water. "Come, let us get the moon out of the well," he said to the monkeys arouncl him. "How shall we get it out?" asked one of the youngest monkeys. Every monkey began scratching his head and thinking. Finally the wisest of the monkeys made a suggestion. "This is the way, Father Monkey-Monk, that we can get the moon out of the well. Let the biggest monkey hold on to that branch of the ·tree over the well. The next monkey will hold on to his tail; the next one will hold on to ·the tail of the second monkey, and so on. We will have a string of monkeys extending into the well. The last monkey can reach down into the water and get the moon and bring it up, so we can make it shine for us every night, all night long." The idea sounded very good, and everybody agreed to do his P.art in order to get the moon. The biggest monkey climbed up and held on to the branch of the tree just over the well. The next (Pleau turn to page 301.) 280 THE YOUNG CITIZEN Au911SI , 1939 A POET OF THE PHILIPPINES By BERT.PAUL OSBON• I SUPPOSE that in the Philippines, as in other countries, there are a few real poets and many with poetical aspirations. To the group of Filipinos who arc able to express in English worth-while thoughts in a truly poetic manner belongs, I believe, the name of Marcelo de Gracia Concepcion. Mr. Concepcion THE IFUGAO MAN By M. DE G1t.ACIA CONCEPCION He is a musicianThe Ifugao is. He makes music With the drum With the r;anza, And with the bamboo flute. He walks d'own the trail Erect and straight, For he is a fllOuntain man You see. And he walks down the hill With a song On his lips. The Ifugao man is A music-maker; He's also a maker 'of dances With his ganzn, And with his bamboo flute, As he makes his way down the hill. has had several volumes of poems published. One of these, a collection called Azucena, was accepted and published by the very conservative publishing house of Putnam. That is a signal honor, indeed. Any author whose work, especially a book of poems, is accepted and published by G . . P. Putnam's Sons of New York is a writer of merit. Mr. Concepcion has the honor of being the first Filipino to have a book of poetry in English acA1arrr~-0 1 /e Grnci11 C<mapcio11 Perhaps the. reader would be interestcepted by any American publisher. Let us read one of the poems of this talented writer. I have chosen one which I think is beautiful. In it the author glorifies a humble native of the Philippine Mountain Province, the Ifugao mountaineer musician. <to Formerly' Reader and Critic of English Composition; New York: Universit}', NeW York City, U.S.A. ed in knowing about this poet of the Philippines: Marcelo de Gracia Concepcion went to school at Santa Maria, II.ocos Sur, under early American auspices. He has, he writes, "affectionate regards for the American . school-teacher who taught tl:ie children how to respect the rights of others," for from that simple teaching grew his understanding of the Golden Rule which (Please turn to page 296.) August, 1939 THE YOUNG CITIZEN The Sirdar Ol'iental March I PPOLITOFF -IVANOFF THE YOUNG CITIZEN August, I9,l9 MUSIC APPRECIATION SECTION THE SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA By BERT PAUL OSBON (Conti1Jutd from the July number) VUI. THE INSTRUMENTS OF THE BRASSWIND SECTION Trumpet French horn Tromb&nt Bass tro;,,bone Tuba PERHAPS the instruments most interesting to the boys are those belonging to the brass section. Boys, why do you like this group of instruments so well? Is it the shiny bright metal that gleams in the . light, or the loud sound that is sometimes heard from this section of the orchestra? While the brass instruments usually have a part in the loud music, they are often also heard in .the very soft passages. The player of each of these instrument. s plays them by blowing wind into them; they are made of brass (but are sometimes plated with nickel or silver or gold). Therefore this is called the brasswind section. This section has four instruments: the trumpet, the French horn, the tr.ombone, and the tuba. Let us now learn something about each of these instruments. The Trumpet The trumpet is the soprano of the· brass choir of the orchestra. . This instrument had its origin in the first primitive instruments made by man from the horns and tusks of animals, or from hollow conch shells. The ram's horn trumpet, or shofar, was used by the ancient Hebrews to call the members of their congregation together. It is still used sometimes in modern Jewish synagogues. Military trumpets ·of metal were used by the ancient Greeks and Romans, and descendants of these early instruments were used during the middle ages. August, 1939 · THE YOUNG CITIZEN In the middle ages every nobleman had his own trumpet call. Shakespeare often calls this a "sennet" or a "tucket." A herald in those times was always provided with a trumpet. European monarchs, including Charles V of Spain and Henry VI II of England, had special bands of trumpeters who took important parts in the ceremoni·es of those days. The modern trumpet of the symphony orchestra looks somewhat like a cornet. (See the illustration on page 282.) However, the tone of the trumpet is much mor·e brilliant and triumphant than that of a cornet. \Vhen the entire orchestra is playing on some mighty strain, you will very likely hear the trumpets' melody leading out. The trumpet consists of a narrow cylindrical tube about eight feet in length coikd in rectangular shape. At one end is a cup-shaped mouth-piece; the other end expands into a conical bell. The tone of the trumpet is noble and triumphant. It adds brillial)CY to the entire orchestra. The modern symphony orchestra commonly employs two trumpets, although four are sometimes used. The Cornet The cornet is an invention of the early nineteenth century, developed from the bugle. It is a valv·e instrument like the • trumpet, but its tone is not so brilliant or heroic. The tube of the cornet is not cylindrical like that of the trumpet. It is easier"to play than the trumpet. The French Horn The French horn is the alto of the brasswind section. Its origin is traced to the old.hunting horn, which consisted of a metal tube coiled around so as to fit over the head of a hunter on horseback. The French horn has a large bell. The bell is at the end of the instrument opposite the mouthpieoe. The player frequently puts. his right hand into the bell to raise or lower the pitch or change the· tone quality. (See the illustration on page 282.) The tone of the French horn may be sweet and me!low, but by placing his right hand inside the bell at a certain angle, the player can produce a harsh and nasal tone. Watch the French horn player if you attend a concert by a symphony orchestra. The Trombone The irombone is a very old instrument. It is said to hav-e been used by the an"cient' Romans. In the middle ages this instrument was called a "sackbut" from a Moorish word meaning "punip." The. player of a slide trombone (page 282) pulls the slide back and forth somewhat like a pump; hence the ancient name-. This movement of the slide. lengthens ~r shortens the column of air in the tube, thus lowering or raising the pitch. The player of this instrument must have a "good ear," for the pitch is determined by the distance he slides this tube ·back· and forth. The trombone possesses a noble dignity, almost sacred. For many years it was used in the medieval c!mrches, where it produced a grand eff.ect. Although the trombone is an exceedingly powerful instrument as to volume of sound, it is capable a!So of a soft tone, which can on occasions be. quite aweinspiring. The modern symphony orchestra generally uses three trombones. Sometimes (Pleau tur11 to page 302.) THE YOUNG CITIZEN ·August, 1939 HEALTH AND SAFETY SECTION SOME SIMPLE REMEDIES IN this article, which is compiled from United States government sources, some simple remedies are given for bites and stings of mosquitoes, fleas, scorpions, spiders, centipedes, etc. Mosquito Bites The mosquito is one of the worst insect pests as every one who has lived in mosquito districts well knows. Spirits of camphor rubbed upon the face and hands, or a few drops on the pillow at night will keep mosquitoes away for a time. Another remedy is oil of pennyroyal. Camphor and pennyroyal may both be obtained at any drug store. Neither of these remedies is durable; that is, a single application will not last through the night. Oil of peppermint, lemon juice, and vinegar have all been recommended, while oil of tar has been used in regions where mosquitoes are especially abundant. Oil of .citronella is one of the best substances to be used in this way. A good mixture is as follows: Oil of citronella, one ounce; spirits of camphor, one ounce; oil of cedar, one-half ounce. Rub a few drops on the face, hands, and expo9ed parts of the body. Stings of Spiders, Cmtipedes, nnd Scorpions The stings of spiders, centipedes, and scorpions may cause weakness, headache, sweating, and vomiting, but they hardly ever cause a person to di·e. The wound should first bleed as much as possible. Then tincture of iodin should be applied. An ice compress should be placed over the wound. A moderate stimulant may be given.· This ·may be aromatic spirits of ammonia, 30 drops in water every hour. Also give half a cupful of strong black coffee if necessary. Bites of Fleas These pests are often met with in camps and elsewhere. It is said that oil of pennyroyal applied to the body will keep fleas away. Kerosene will kill them. The itching and irritation from the bites may be relieved by a lotion of carbo\ic acid and boric acid. It should be applied by dabbing it on with a small wad of cotton. To make the lotion, add a levd tablespoonful of boric acid powder and 20 drops of pure carbolic acid to a halfpint of hot water. Stir the mixture well, . or shake it until the boric acid is dissolved. Cool before using. ,This lotion also soothes the irritation caused by mosquito bites. It is said that cigar ashes, applied when still fr·,sh, will relieve the pain and swelling caused by insect bites and stings. Place a small portion of ashes on the parts stung, add a drop of water, and rub • the resulting paste thoroughly into the skin. It is preferable to use fresh ashes of tobacco, as the recent h·eat guarantees freedom from impurities. The ,action of the tobacco ashes is due to the presence of the chemical known as potassium carbonate, which deadens the eff.ect of the small wound made by the insect. Menthol in alcohol, l part to 10, is an excellent lotion for bites and stings which cause a great deal of itching. .August, 1939 THE YOUNG CITIZEN ~l~HE U\W OF HEt\LTH . THE GOOD FILIPINO TRI ES TO GAIN AND TO KEEP PER~ECT HEALTH THE WELFARE 01= OUR COUNTRY Dl;P,NDS UPON THOS~ WMO TRY TO BE PMVSICALLY l=IT l=OR TMEIR DAILY WORK. TMEREFORE:, I will kee'P my clo~hes, my 'body, a.nd my m;nd clca.n. I w111 a.void. -\:'hose hahH:.s which would ~al'm me, and will me1ke a.nd nev~ bT"cak \.'hose 'habits wli;ch w111 help me. I will \,.y lo ~ake su.c'h food. sleep, and &>U&"Pc1se As w;n 'kaep me in_ pe'rftict 'health. 286 THE YOUNG CITIZEN August, 1939 ELEMENTARY SCIENCE SECTION A VISIT TO THE MANILA AQUARIUM By SILVINO V. EPISTOLA * ONE of the most interesting places in Manila, or perhaps in the Philippines, is the Aquarium. It is located in a corner of th·e Old Wall near Calle General Luna within the bastion of the Real Gate of the old Walled City. An aquarium, you know, is a place where living fishes are on display in glass tanks filled with water. Recently I went to the Aquarium and spent a very de1 igh tfu l morning visiting this wellkept museum. As I ·ente.red through an opening in the Old Wall I was thrilled. Every square foot of this place is of great historic interest. Cannon balls have trances of the Old Wall. There, before my very eyes, was the windlass of. the Real (Royal) Gate drawbridge. There is also the windlass of the Parian Gate drawbridge, and nearby ar.e two of the posts of the drawbridge of the Real Gate. If those crude machines could speak, what stories they might tell, of the wonderful processions of governors, army officers, government officials, bishops, and p_riests, who have passed by those posts and windlasses. I gladly paid my ten centavos for an admission card and entered the Aquarium through the turnstile. In front of me was one of the whizzed over this most ch arming very w a 11. Sol- ,,_ gardens I have die rs - Spanish, ever seen. In the British, American, II Curious Fish-tlu Sea-Horse center. 0 f th i 5 and Filipino-at different times have delightfully cool and beautiful spot is a fought for its possession. What in- circular concrete basin, 20 feet or more teresting scenes, what terrible deeds in diameter, filled with water in which have been enacted in the shadow of these ·pond lilies are growing. Green leaves walls! of these lilies rest on the surface of the Such thoughts filled my mind as I water, and here and there float the beaulooked at some of the old machinery on tiful purple blossoms. display at the entrance of the Aquarium. In this gard·en are also tropipl tr·ees This machinery was used to raise and under which are large cages of birdslower drawbridge gates at two of the' en- pretty little love-birds or gorgeous green, blue, and red parrots. In some of the •Student, Arellano High School, l\1anila. . trees, or in nearby cages, are livdy little August, 1939 THE YOUNG CITIZEN Tiu scorpion fisli has llUlllJ' frills. monkeys jumping about and chattering in their comical manner. I noticed also some specimens of giant clam shells, perhaps two feet in length. Such shells are so large that one is sometimes used for a baby's bathtub. The giant clam of the coral islands of the Pacific is the largest shellfish in the world. Such shells are found in the southern waters of the Philippines. The shells often weigh 400 pounds or more, and the clam is said to liv,e from 60 to 100 years. What a pinch a live giant clam could give to one's hand or foot! Occasionally a person is held under water and drowned by this giant shellfish. I looked above: there on the top of the Old Wall are to be seen artistic trellises and p,ergolas covered with the large, twisted, woody vines and gorgeous clusters of purple flowers of the bougainviHea, where one may r·est and think about scenes which have taken place here during the past 300 years. In this garden are a number of cages ·containing Philippine birds and animals. I noticed the Philippine mallard or wild duck, the purple heron, and t;1e interesting calao or hornbill. The hornbill is found in Luzon. It is a large bird with an immense bill which is hollow and very light in weight. It has a loud, harsh cry, and its flying is laborious and noisy. Its food is mainly fruit and insects. The hornbill lives in holes in trees, plastered up with mud by the male until only a small opening r-emains. Through this he passes food to the fomale and to the young. From a cageful of mayas-members of the finch family of birds-I heard sweet songs. There are .also cages of parrokeets, cockatoos, painted quail, and doves. I saw a number of specimens of the bleeding-heart pigeon, called by the Spaniards "pufitt-lada" which means "stabbed with a dagger," because the bird's while breast looks as if drops of red blood have stained the white feathers. Leaf Ffsh Sen fare 288 THE YOUNG CITIZEN In other cages may be 9e<:n the red jungle-fowl-an interesting· bird of the tropics, many monkeys, several porcupines from Palawan, and a rare speci"men, the bear-cat, also from Palawan. ' After enjoying this beautiful garden and seeing the interesting birds and animals, I entered the Aquarium itself. The tanks of live swimming fishes are placed in rooms of the Old Wall. At intervals, too, there are native fishing boats which have been used by Filipino and Moro fishermen. The tanks of the Aquarium are faced with plate glass and are lighted by skylights. Each tank is supplied with fresh water and air. One of the first tanks near the entrance contains specimens of moonfish, so called from the crescent-shaped markings of the tails. A curious thing about moonfish is that they bring forth their young alive. There are several tanks of groupers and sea-bass. These fish, called lapulnpu in the Philippines, are highly prized for food because of the excellent flavor. They are considered one of the highest type of fish. As I looked at those handsomely shaped specimens, I thought how I would like to go fishing and catch eight or ten like them. One of them would mal<e a good dinner. I read on the placard that there are ·many varieties of this fish, and that they are widely distributed in the Islands. Another tank contains a most curious group of fishes known as sea-horses. Each is about six inches long, and the head is shaped exactly like a tiny horse's head. Each has a tail which curis around small branches of weeds; this is said to be the only fish which has a grasping tail. The body is encased in rigid plates and thorny spines. The eggs are carried by the male in a pouch in the stomach l i k e th e kangaroo's until hatched. At times it swims upright with th·e aid of its single back fin, but usually it remains at rest with its tail curled around a bit of sea-weed to keep from being swept away. They are feeble swimmers. The sea-horse can be found in warm seas, and during the months of ] uly, August, and September they are common in Manila Bay. Another interesting display is a tank containing sharks. One of these, the spotted shark which frequents beaches, is harmless to man. It eats shell-fish and the like .. With its teet~ it is able to crush and grind the hardest mollusk's shell, or toughest crab. Y.here is also a gray shark. This species is fierce, and is very destructive of fishes and fishermen's nets. It is dreaded by all fishermen. Sharks are common in all waters of the Philippines and neighboring countries. They are the beasts of prey of the sea. The skin (called "shagroen") makes a fine leather. Sharks are hunted in the Philippines for the sake of the oil in their great livers, and for their skin. Farther on.in a tank are the puffers or swell-fish ( batete) which inflate thei"r bodies by "puffing." This fish is common in the Philippines and is highly poisonous. Of course it is not good for food. When I saw a tank containing mudfish (dalag) I at once thought of the story of Daday and_ the Fat Daltig which was pubfohed in the May issue of The Young Citizen. This fish is common in· slow· streams, ponds, and rice fields. Because it has a modified lung, it can live for .long periods cut of water, according to the placard on the tank. Sometimes it (Please t11rn to page 299.) August, 1939 THE YOUNG CITIZEN ~/ VOLCANOES A VOLCANO is an opening in the ·earth's crust from which hot rock is thrown. Usually-but not always-the hot rock is melted, and is then known as lava. The lava may flow out quietly, or it may be thrown out forcibly. When thrown out forcibly much or all of it may be solid. Small pieces of solid lava are called cinders, but if the pieces are small as sand or dust, they are called ashes or volcanic dusr Besides the lava which issl'es from volcanoes either in liquid or solid form, many gases or vapors escape from the openings. Steam is the most abundant vapor which escapes. Steam is the principal force which causes. mat~rials to be thrown out. Chlorine, . sulphur, and carbon dioxide are the most .comIf it stops permanently, the volcano is extinct. When a volcano is no longer active its crater may be occupied by water. ·This is called a crater lake. Volcanoes are often associated with earthquakes, and the violent eruptions of volcanoes sometimes are th·e direc.t cause of earthquakes. Volcanoes are sometimes very destructive on account of the material blown out rather than the flow of ·lava. The flow of lava is usually slow, and in mos! cases it flows .only a short distance before it hardens. At tlie eruption of Mayon Volcano in the Philippines in 1814 churches and other buildings were de: stroyed by rocks which were thrown a distance of fifteen mon gases escaping miles. from volcanoes. The solid matter The solid mate- thrown out of a volrial and the liquid A,, 11Ctive v(Jlcnno is often quie1. cano may be widely lava which escape from the volcanoes ac- distributed. Ashes thrown from Vesucumulate about the openings, and build vius Volcano in 79 A.D. buried the ltalup volcanic cones. In the top of a vol- ian town of Pompeii and killed 2,000 came cone there is usually a depression people. called the crater. When a volcanic cone Often during a volcanic eruption torbecomes high, the lava may break rents of rain, due to condensing. of the esthrough its sides instead of flowing over caping water-vapor, fall with the ashes, the top. Cones built up by lava flows changing them into a sort of hot Auid have· low slopes; cones of cinders have mud, and this sometimes is most destrucsteeper slopes. Sometimes the old cone tive in its flow. of a volcano is wholly or partly blown In the great eruption of Krakatoa Volaway. Even large parts of islands where cano between Sumatra and Java in 1883, they occur. are sometimes blown away. it is thought that pieces of pumice {light, V\1hen the activity of a volcano stop~ spongy lava) and dust were sent up into only for a time, the volcano is dormant. (Please turn to page 299.) 290 THE YOUNG CITIZEN August, 1939 CHARACTER AND CITIZENSHIP SECTION THE HONOR OF THE PLAYING FIELD By ARTHUR MEE MANY of the great lessons of life come from the games we play in youth. · The great healthful games are those played out of doors. In the playing field we should seek, and we may find, a strong arm, a sure aim, a steady eye, and dignity of bearing. We shoula keep, as one of the mottoes of our outdoor life, the thought that a noble mind should live in a noble body. We should play a game for its own sake, and never play it for profit at the expense of somebody else. If a game is not interesting enough in itself we should 1 eave it alone. Play the game fol" the 9t1me, nnd for nothing but the game. Our games are our own lessons in noble things. The playing field is, in truth, the high school of life. We must think of the game and not of ourselves. That game is lost in which one member of the team seeks his own · glory. All should work together for a single cause, each playing his part for the general end. Good sportsmanship, the surrender of self, obedience to the law that holds the team together-these things grow naturally with every game we play, and we should cherish them as a part of ourselves. We should be staunch and loyal and true; our comrades must be able to rely on us. Especially is it true that we should be good losers; we must be able to yield with grace and cheerfulness to a victor who has played the game. We should leave out haggling, quarreling, grudging, and disputing. We should be willing to lose a thousand games rather than win one by the shadow of unfairness. If we hold together in the nation as we hold together in the team, we shall give back to our country a hundredfold the ta 1 en ts entrusted to us .. If we are loyal to our team, to our school, we shall be loyal to our town and to our country. The very beginnings of patriotism lie in our games. And now, young reader, put down this copy of The Young Citizen and go to your games. They w-ill give you strength and courage; they will bring to you unselfishness and manliness. Play them to win, and win if you can do so fairly and honestly.-Adapted. August, 1939 THE YOUNG CITIZEN THE YOUNG CITIZEN PANTRY RECIPES were given for CREAM PIE RECIPES fruit pies in two previous issues of The .. Y 011119 Citi- the pie is· still hot, and covzen. In this issue we shall er the fruit with a rich include som~ recipes for · cream sauce made as folcream pi•es and similar pies. lows: Scald one-half pint Cream Pie of. top milk, and thicken it S 1 d.ff k" d with a tablespoon of cornevera 1 erent m s starch rubbed smooth in a of cream pie may be made. little cold milk. :Add 2 Lemon, banana, mango, maple syrup, or coffee may be used to flavor them. The bottom crust may be covered with berries, raisins, cherries, or other· fruits before the cream mixture is poured over them. Cream filling is made as follows: Mix three-fourths of a cup of sugar with onethird of a cup of flour, oneeighth of a teaspoon of salt, and pour on gradually 2 cups of scalded milk. Cook in a double-boiler for fifteen minutes, stirring constantly until the mixture thickens; then stir it occa. sionally, cool, and flavor. Cream Frnit Pie A tasty method of. preparing apple, peach, or any kind of berry pie is to remove the top crust while tablespoons of sugar and one egg beaten until light. Flavor with a little vanilla, and set aside to cool. When the pie is done, carefully lift the top crust and fill the pie to overflowrng with the cream sauce. Replace the crust and set in a cool place. Serve very cold. Lemon Cream Pie Mix one cup of granulated sugar with 3 tablespoons of flour, add 3 tablespoons of lemon juice and beaten yolks of two eggs, one cup of milk, one tablespoon of melted butter, a pinch of salt, and cook until the mixture is thick. Pour into baked pastry and cover with whipped cream. Lemon Pie, German Style Fill a baked pastry with the above l·emon mixture and cover it with sweet 291 dough cut in wide strips. Sweet dough is made as follows: Add one-half of a cup of brown sugar to one cup of flour, ·one teaspoon of baking powder, and a little salt. .Blend in 3 tablespoons of butter, and add just enough milk to be abloe to roll the dough with a rolling pin. Roll about one-third of an inch thick, and cut into wide strips. Place these across the top of the pie and bake. Butterscotch Pie Cream one and one-half tablespoons of butter with one and one-half cups of brown sugar, 3 egg yolks, and. one-eighth of a teaspoon of salt; gradually mix in one cup of milk. Mix. 3 tablespoons of flour with one-half of a cup of milk, add to the first mixture, and cook in a double-boiler, stirring constantly until the mixture thickens. Cover and continue to cook for 20 minutes. Cool and add one and one-h~lf ·teaspoons of vanilla flavoring. Pour into a baked pastry shell, and. cover with whipped cream. (To be continued) THE YOUNG CITIZEN August, 1939 WORK AND PLAY SECTION Science Cross-Word Puzzle By MAXIMINIANO A. VELASQUEZ• CROSS-WISE WORDS I. Fog high above the earth. 2. A plant without a woody stem. 3. A kind of insect. 4. Useless and injurious plants. 5. Feathered friends of the farmer. 6. A snake-like fish. 7. A distr~butor of flower pollen. 8. That from which a plant grows. 9. A place for studying elementary science. 10. Slightly wet or damp. 11. The colored part of a flower. 12. A cloud near the ground. UP-AND-DOWN WORDS 13. The kind of science which you are studying. 14. A false belief about the unknown in elementary science. • Principal, Siasi Central School, Siasi, Sulu. I 2 ·J 4 5 6 7 8 The Figure Maze By FRANCISCO CORTES• 9 17 25 33 41 49 10 18 2G 34 4Z 50 II ® 27 55 43 51 12. 2.0 28· 36 44 52 13 21 29 37 45 53 14 22 30 38 ® 54 15 23 31 39 47 55 JG 24 32 40 48 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 rn· this puzzle are 64 small squares. Each square contains a number. Place .your pencil on the square containing number 46. Can you start from square 46 and make your way to square 19 by passing through every square once (and only once) ? (Solution on page 297) ---• l\.fandawe Elementary School, Mandawe, Cebu .. 15. Divisions of the flower. calyx. 16. The dry part of the earth. - 17. Air in motion. 18. A collective name for plants, animals, air, water, etc. 19. Heavenly bodies larger than the · earth. 20. A place in .which to grow plants. 21. Water surrounded by land. 22. Condition of water containing earth. (A11swers on page 301) August, 1939 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 293 DO YOU KNOW HOW TO USE YOUR LIBRARY? By CANDIDO ARELLANO• IN this article ten different library situations are listed. What would you do in each situation? Read the first situation; then r·ead carefully the three questions which follow it. Write yes or no in the blank after each question. Do the same thing with each of the other situations listed. Then compare your answers •with the correct answers. Situation No. 1 A pupil wants to read a certain article in The Young Citizen. He has the magazine and he wants to find the article as quickly as he can. (a) Should he ask a friend on which page the article is printed? (b) Should he turn to each page of the magazine· until he finds the articie? --( c) Should he look at the table of contents on the first page of the magazine? --Situation No. 2 A girl is reading a serial story in The Young Citizen. She read the first installment of the story in magazine No. 4. •'teacher-Librarian, T a n a u an Elementary School, Tanauan, Batanga~. Now she wants to read the ~econd installment. (a) Will she find it in magazine No. 3 of that volume? --(b) Will she find it in No. 2? - - (c) Will she find it in No. 5? · __ Situation No. 3 A pupil who is studying health education wants to find information about Pasteur. He goes to the General Works Section of the library. He expects to find the desired information. in the encyclopedia. (a) Will he find the information in the volume of the encyclopedia labeled O•we-Sis? (b) Will he find it in the volume labeled Lap'- Owe? (c) Will he find it in the volume labeled Gal-Lap? - - Situation No. 4 A pupi_l wishes to find out what qualifications one must possess in order to be eligible to be elected mayor of the city in which he lives. He thin.ks he will find the information in a book on Philippine government. (a) Should he use the table of con- (Please turn to page 300.) 294 THE YOUNG CITIZEN August> 1939 HISTORY SECTION j HOW WE GOT OUR ALPHABET OF course you know your ABC's or you would not be reading this. But do you know their wonderful history? Do you know that A was once the picture of an eagle, and B of a crane? That N was the water's waves and D a hand? That R was a man's mouth and 0 his eye? Do you know why it is that so many people can read in lands where English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Hungarian, Polish, Dutch, or German is spoken, and why so few can read in China? It is not because European peoples prize ·education more highly than do the ·Chinese, for nowhere in the world is a scholar more horiored than in the mysterious land of China. The reason is that a Chinaman must know about 3,000 different signs to read even an ordinary Chinese book, and a really learned Chinese must know over 40,000 different word signs. Every thing or idea in Chinese writing has its separate sign. In Europe, America, and the Philippines, on the other hand, we need to learn only the 26 letters or so that make up an alphabet. This great advantage of the alphabet arises from the fact that its letters now represent certain sounds, instead of things, by combining which we form syllables and words. The term "alphabet" comes from the two words alpha and beta which are the names of the first two letters of the Greek alphabet. Alphabetic writing was developed from syl)abic writing, which in turn grew out of picture writing· such as the Chinese still use. The Egyptians apparently were the first to invent the alphabet about the year 3,000 B.C., although it never displaced their hieroglyphic (picture) writing. The ancient people of the island of Crete, in the Mediterranean Sea, also possessed an alphabet at an early date. But it was the Phoenician traders first of. the cities of Tyre and Sidon (cities in Asia Minor), and the merchants of the city of Damascus later, who spread the knowledge of alphabetic·writing in general throughout the whole world outside . of Ghina and ] a pan. All the alphabets of Europe were derived, either directly or through the Latin (Roman) from the Greek, which in turn had its source in the Phoenician system derived from the Egyptian picture writing (hieroglyphics). . The Latin or Roman alphabet, which came into use in Italy about six centuries B.C., became the medium for the classical literature of Rome. The oldeii! Roman inscriptions show the original Greek letters in simplified forms. The Roman alphabet is used for English. The German alphabet also comes from the Latin (Roman), but the letters retain the queer Gothic shapes of the middle ages. The Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, and French alphabets were, of course, derived fro!ll the Latin. The Russian alphabet was derived indirectly from the Greek. Of course, each nation has introduced such modifications or additions as are necessary to express the sound of the language peculiar to it. As trade and travel bring the different nations closer together, there is a general tendency to adopt the Roman alphabet. August, 1939 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 295 The Japanese have begun to use it for commercial purposes, although their literature is still written in Chinese characters. Even China has taken some steps to do away with its old system and to develop alphabetical writing. In 1 9 2 8 Turkey abandoned the Arabic alphabet, in which the Koran is written, and adopted the Latin form. A good reason for the general adoption of the Roman alphabet is the fact that much of the writing of the world is done by ineans of the typewriter. This machine is possible for writing those languages which have an alphabet of 25 or 30 different letters. ' EGYPTIAN HIE~OGLYPHIC~ eo9/e ~ crone ~ throne fl:, hand = mapander Ii] cero5tes ~ duck ~ sieve @ tongs = parallels \\ bowl ~ l/oness ~ owl ~ wafer ,.,.,.,.,,.,_ cho1r6ock --....... ... shuller ~ snake ) anfle moufh <::::>/nvndafecl hl!l 9arden lasso b Study the table on this page and see how our modern ABC's go back to the Egyptian hieroglyphics.-Adapted fl"om Compton's Pictu,-ed Encyclopedif!. Phoqnician ~ ') 7 " '\ ~ 3i '( '1 ::X:· /:/ "' G) 't 'Y 6 J. ., ' 4=0 ? /1. qi ~ w )( + ii ~ A B r A E y J: H e I K " M N - 0 n ... ... p !: T c 0 E 0 ct. A B c D E F z. H ... I K L M N x 0 p ... Q. R s T REVIEW I. Name as many modern alphabets as you can which came directly from Latin. 2. From what alphabet was the Latin alphabet taken? 3: What was the source of the Greek al~habet? 4. What ancient nation seems to have invented the alphabet? 5. Why is the alphabet used in the writing of European nations better than the Chinese method of writing? 6. Do you think all nations will ever use our alphabet? Why? Probably in the course of time all nations, including China and Japan, will adopt the alphabet which we use, the Latin or Roman, which came from Tiu Development of Our Alphabet. 7. Will the use of the typewriter help to spread the general use of our alphabei? How? the ancient Egyptian picture-writing through the Phoenician and the Greek systems. 8. Trace the development of five English letters from Egyptian hieroglyphics. 296 THE YOUNG CITIZEN August, 1939 WHEN I'M A LADY ( Co,,tinued fro;,, page 267} When I'm a lady, a lady, A cook I'll be if I can-and I can! I'll make some cakes and candies sweet, I'll bake the bread and roast the meat; I'll give the children tasty food, So they'll be healthy as they ·should, When I'm a lady. When I'm 'a lady, a lady, A teache1· l'il be if I can-and I can! I'll teach the children "to do and say The kindest thing in the kindest way"; I'll teach the boys w:10 are noisy and bad, I'll make them good, I'll make them glad, When I'm a lady. When I'm a lady, a lady, A doctor I'll be if I ca:1-and I can! I'll cure the sick, I'll help the poor, I'll heal the beggar who comes to my door; I'll stop the fever, I'll stop the chill, I'll make the folks get well who are ill, When I'm a lady. When each is a lady, a lady, We'll do these things if we .can-and we can! We all will work in our little space, And make this world a better place; We'll always be cheerful, we'll always smile, We'll try to help others all the while; And patient and kind and loving we'll be, When each of us is a grown lady, When each is a lady. A POET OF THE PHILIPPINES (Continued from page 280) teaches "Do unto othds as you would have others do unto you." Out of that teaching grew his '~interest in the things of Nature-the birds, insects, animals, plants, trees, and ev·entually a love for everything about the lives of people," says Mr. Concepciori. This is shown in the following rather curious modernistic poem written in blank verse: QUEENS OF THE BEANS By M. DE GRACIA CONCEPCION Maria Ana and · Ana Maria Are growing their beansRow upon row, With which to build Their House of Dreams. Maria Ana and Ana Maria Have only one desire: To be queens of the beans, With which they built Their House of Dreams: And it was a seller of peanuts Who wrove these fancy things While crossing the Bridge of Spain. Mr. Concepcion spent some fifteen years in the United State~. He served three years in the. United States navy. Later he went to Alaska and worked in the great salmon cannerie5. During {Please turn to page 299.) Aug11st, 1939 THE YOUNG CITIZEN A TALE OF A PUPPY nothing. She and her moth(Conti11ued from page' 277) er drove on. complained Imogene. The little dog seemed to "The time will pass know Imogene. He leaped quickly. He will soon be about and licked her hands with us." and ankles. The other chillmogene told everyone · · dren wanted to play hidewho came to the house and-seek. If Imogene went about the promised pet. to hide, the little dog folShe could hardly talk of low·ed her. . h. When it ~as time to go anyt mg else. . By and by a letter came home, Imogene took the saying the pup was now big puppy in her arms, and enough to eat by himgelf. thanked her friends ma_ny "Hurry! Hurry! Every- times. As she and her mothbody hurry up and let's go er drove up to the golf course, her father heard his to get my dear little puplittle daughter's voice callpy." · ing to him: "Corne, Daddy, Away they went. Imogene sat in the back of the aufo singing. She made up the words of her song. This is what she was singing: "Hurry up! Hurry up! We're going to get a pup That can drink from a cup. Hurry up! Hurry up!" As they approached the go 1 f course, Imogene's· · father said, "I'll stop here for a game while you two visit your friends and get the pup." Imogene could not imagine how anyone could be interested in golf when there was a pup to be gotten. However, Daddy had ways of his own, so she said FIGURE MAZE (801"tio11 to puzzle on page 292) Put your p e·n c i 1 on square number 46. Draw a line from 46 to 38. Then draw a line diagonally to 52. Then to 55, 23, 58, 64, 8, 57, 1, 7, 42, 10, 13, 27, and 19. 297 come quick! I have the p u p p y. Come and see him." "That is fine,". said Daddy. "A real live, wiggly, black and wh,ite pup!" As they rode home, Imogene wanted her little" pet to sit still in her lap and let her sing to him. But puppies will be puppies, and this one wiggled, squirmed, and squealed: He simply couldn't stay in one place more than a few seconds at a time. Imogene was pat i en t with him, ior she knew that sh·e did not like to sit still very long at a time. She was very, very_ happy. She had her own dear little puppy, and was on the way to her own home. What fun to have a puppy of your own! Imogene was very sure that he was the finest 'puppy that ev·er lived. Of course he was, for Mother and Daddy both said so. SOME QUESTIONS l. Did you· like this story? Why? 2. Shoul(l you always be kind to your pets? Tell why. THE YOUNG CITIZEN August, 1939 SOME IMPORTANT BIRTHDAYS AND EVENTS OF AUGUST Check the five which interest you most; then go to the library and read about each of the five which you have checked. 1: Jose Rizal left Dapitan, where he had been living in exile, 1896. 2: Resident Commissioner Elizald-e, representative of the Philippines a·t Washington, was born, 1896. 3: Columbus sailed from Spain on the voyAge that resulted in the discovery of the New World, 1492. 4: The present Queen Elizabeth of England was born, 1900. 5 :. The first Atlantic cable was completed, · 1858. Robert Taylor, actor, was born, 1911. 6: Lord Tennyson, famous English poet, was born, 1809. 7: Former Governor-General Wood died, 1927. 8: The great Spanish Armada was destroyed, marking the decline of Spanish sea power, 1588. 9: General Aguinaldo discussed peace terms with the Spanish, 1897. 10: Magellan's fleet left Spain to sail around the world, 1519. 11 : Fulton's first steamboat ran from New York City up the Hudson Riv·er to Albany, 1807. 12: · A protocol of peace was signed between Spain and the United. States, 1898. 13: Florence Nightingale, famous English nurse whose influence caused the founding of the Red Cross, died, 1910. American troops occupied Manila, 1898. 14: JaCinto Zamora, patriot, was born, 1835. · 15: The Panama Canal was opened, 1914. Napoleon Bonaparte was born, 1769. 16: Naval Battle in the.German Bight, 1917. 17: An airplane established an endurance record of 26 days and 23 hours aloft, near St. Louis in the the United States, 1930. 18: Luis Yangco, shipping pioneer of the Philippines, was born, 1841. 19: Orville Wright, wlio, with his brother, invented the airplane, was born, 1871. President Manuel L. Quezon was born, 1878. 20: Legaspi died, 1572. 21 : Princess Margaret Rose of England was born, 1930. 22: The famous Cu lion Leper Colony was established, 1904. 23: Felipe Buencamino, Filipino patriot, was born, 1848. Assemblyman Felipe ] ose was born, 1888. 24: Secretary Jorge Vargas was born, 1890. 25: Bret Harte, famous American author of adventure stories, was born, 1836. . 26: A war cry against Spain was raised at Balintawak, 1896. 27: The first ascent was made in a hydrogen balloon, 1783. 28: Leonor Rivera, sweetheart of Jose Rizal, died, 1893. 29: The Jones AutonomyLaw was approved, 1916. Assemblyman Juan Luna was born, 1894. 30: Marcelo H. de! Pilar was born, 1850. 31·: Secretary of War Hurley arrived in Manila, 1931. .August, 1939 MANILA AQUARIUM (Co11ti11ued from page 288} travels overland to other ponds. It is wdl known as a food fish in -the Philippines. Some very noticeable fish are the scalares which have long appendages on the upper and lower parts of their bodies. This fish is most attractive in appearance. It is sometimes called the "king'.' of fish~s on account of its beauty and royal, dignified manner. I was interested in looking at the climbing perch which also can live for a while out _of water. This fish can crawl up trees for six or.seven feet by using·its fins. In tl)e same way it can crawl on land. A curious specimen on display is the archer fish (cataba). When it sees an insect on a leaf or a branch, it "shoots" from its mouth drops of water which bring the insect down. This fish is a very accurate marksman, I read on the placard of the tank. I was interested in looking at a queer, rather pr-etty specimen· known a s the scorpion fish. It is striped and has· many feather-like appendages or frills. It is dreaded by fishermen on account of its venomous spines. In another of the tanks are several specimens of the THE YOUNG CITIZEN moray, a very long, slim fish which looks.somewhat like a snake. It is a fierce, biting creature. There is a pool of running water in one of the corners filled with a number of fine looking food fish. In another similar place them are some large turtles. I saw several banded water snakes in one of the tanks. Although this snake iS poisonous, it· is caught in large numbers for its skin which is made into leather. This snake is found in all parts of the Philippines. Other tanks contain spec.imens of dwad gourami fish, surgeon fish, many mullets, sonie carp, many specimens of beautifully silvered tarpon, a leaf fish, so called because it is shaped like. a leaf, and numerous other species. Ouisid·e the Aquarium are some crocodiles ·and a monitor lizard ( bayawak). This kind of lizard sometimes attains a length of two meters, an~ is_ thoue;ht to be semi-aquatic. It is found in swamps and along rivers. I enjoyed my visit to the Aquarium very much, and advise every boy and girl who can possibly do sci to go there if they have not already paid a visit to the place. It is well worth the time and effort. 299 VOLCANOES ( Co11ti11ued from page 289} the air 20 miles by the violent explosion; some of the dust was carried by currents in the upper air.completely around the earth. The picture. on the cover of this issue of The Y 011119 Citizen shows Mayon.Volcano in eruption.. A short history of Mayon Volcano will be found on page 144 of The You119 Citizen for April, 1939. POET OF THE PHILIPPINES .(Continued from page 296) this experience, although it was brief, he took keen interest in the many and· various peoples of· the canneries. There he worked side by 'side with Greeks, Italians, Mexicans, Koreans,, Kanakas, Puerto Ricans, Chinese, Japanese, Americans, Alaskan lndial).s, Panamanians, Canadians; and Filipinos. The money saved from his earnings in the salmon ~anne>ries enabled him to enter college. First "he attended the University of Washington, and later the Cniversity of California at Los Angeles. During Mr. Concepcion's attendance at the Vni~ersity of C.alifornia he began to develop his laten~ ability as a writer. fie became associated with the (Please-tllrn lo page 302.} 300 YOUR LIBRARY . ( Co11tinr1ed from page 293) tents to find the desired information? --(b) Should he use the list of illustrations? --(c) Should he use the index?--Situation No. 5 A boy wishes to find the meaning of the word minute. He has opened the dictionary .to the page which has MALEDICTION and MAMMALIA as the guide words. (a) Will he find the word for which he is looking on the page to which he has opened.? --(b) Will he find lt on a page following the one to which he opened? --( c) Will he find it on a page .Preceding the one to which he opened? --Situation No. 6 . A pupil" lost a library book. He wants to know the cost price of the book so he can get money from his father to pay for it. (a) Will he find the cost given in the shelf list? ( b) Will he find the cost given in the·accession book? (c) Will he find the cost given in the card catalogue? --Situation No. 7 A pupil wishes to read a book called The Philippine THE YOUNG CITIZEN Revolution by Kalaw. (a) Should be go to the Fiction Section to find that book?-(b) Should he go to the ·Music Section?--(c) Should he go to the Filipiniana Section?--Situntion No. 8 A girl is in the library looking for a reference book numbered 919. 14. She is standing in front of a book numbered 917 .14. (a) Should she move to her left to find the desired book?-( b) Should she move to the right?-· - · ( c) Should she go to the General Works Section? Situation No. 9 A pupil is studying geography. In order to work out a certain· problem on his· work sheet he needs a book by Allen called A History of the United States. (a) Should he go to the Reference .Division to find the work? --( b) Should he go to the Circulation Division? ( c) Should he go to the Binding Section?--Sit~ation N-0. 10 A girl in the library has forgotten the title of a book she wishes to· borrow. To make matters worse she has also forgotten her assignment note-book that conA ugUst, 1939 tained information about the book she needs. (a) Sho))ld she consult the accession book?--·( b) Should she try her luck by going al'ong the shelves with the hope of comirig across that title? ( c) Should she consult the card catalogue and look for the author card of the book?-lf you were able to answer all the questions correctly, yoo have a fairly good idea as to how to use your library. A library is the world's storehouse of knowledge. Therefore you should be very familiar with the methods of using this great storehouse. Any information which. you may want is there, so learn how to. find that .information quickly and easily . ANSWERS 1. (a) No 6. (a) No (b) No (b) Yes (c) Yes .(c) No 2. (a) No 7. (a) No (b) No (b) No (c) Yes (c) Yes 3. (a) Yes 8. (a) No (b) No (b) Yes (c) No (c) No 4. (a) No 9. (a) Yes (b) No· (b) No (c) Yes (c) No 5. (a) No JO. (a) No (b) Yes (b) No (c) No (c) Yes August~ 1939 OINKY (Contiriued from page 275) something else nice to eat." But Oinky wanted to go. 'Won't go! Don't go!" grunted the other little pigs.· Oinky would not listen. He started .to follow his mother when she was out in the road. V\' hen Mrs. Squealer saw Oinky following her, she drove him 'back into the pen. Oinky went back, but when his mother was far away, he ran as fast as he could to follow her. The other little pigs squealed to Oinky to come back, but.he did not listen to them-he went right on. Just as he wa.s in the middle of the road, an automobile came along very fast. Oinky tried to get out of the way. He ran as fast as he could, squealing loudly. But too late! The auto struck him on the head. Little Oinky gave a squeal and then lay stretched out by the roadside. The other little pigs in the pen saw what had happened. They began to squeal. "Poor Oinky!" they said. "He has been killed by an automobile. Oh, Oinky! Why did you not do as our mother told you, and stay in our beautiful pen? Then you would not have been struck by an THE YOUNG CITIZEN auto." Mrs. Squealer heard the noise made by her children in the pen, so she started back to see what was the matter. Soon she saw the lifeless body of poor little Oinky by the side of the road. The mother squealed also when she saw what had happened. At once she went to the pen to her other five children. "Children, you see what happened to Oinky because he did not obey? You should obey your mother until you are old enough to take care of yourselves," said Mrs. Squealer. "We will, mother. Indeed we will," squealed the little pigs. "It is always best for children to obey their mothers. We see what happened to Oinky because he did not obey you." "Don't forget that, children," said Mrs. Squealer. Oh, little piggy, little piggy! Why did you not obey your mother? ANSWER THESE I. Why was the little pig called Oinky? 2. What· did Mrs. Squealer tell Oinky? Why? 3. What happened to Oinky? 4. Should you always obey your mother and teacher? 301 THE· MONKEYS (Continued from page 279) monkey took hold of his tail. He was followed by the other monkeys, each of whom held to the tail of the monkey above him. Thus. they formed a long chain of monkeys which reached down to the bottom of the well. "Now get the moon," Mr. Monkey-Monk said to the last monJQey down in the well. T'he last monkey dipped his hand down into the water, but when he did so, the moon disappeared. He tried several times and every time the moon disa pp eared. You see it was the reflec• tion of the moon in the water which the monkeys saw, so whenever the water was disturbed by the hand of a monkey, ihe reflection could not be seen. (Please turn to page 302.) CROSS-WORD PUZZLE (Answers from page 292) 302 THE MONKEYS (.Continued from page 301) As soon as the water was quiet, the reflection appeared again. "Get it quickly," Old Monkey-Monk shouted. "It will soon drown if you do not get it quickly." The last monkey dipped his hand into the water again, but ~gain the moon disappeared. By and by the reflection reappeared. Mr. Monkey-Monk was tired of waiting, so he decided to go after the moon himself. He climbed down the chain of monkeys, down to the water. By this time the hands of the biggest monkey had become very tired from holding the branch of the tree so Ieng. When the weight of Old MonkeyMonk was add·ed to the weight of the chain of monkeys, he . could no longer hold on to the branch. Before Mr. MonkeyMonk could grab the moon, the biggest monkey . was obliged to let go the branch. Down he fell and all the rest of the monlooys fell down, down, down into the deep water of the well. And oh, dear me! Every one of the unfortunate monkeys-even Old MonkeyMonk-was drowned. Poor, foolish monkeys! They rnached for fhe THE YOUNG CITIZEN THE SYMPHONY ORCRESTRA (Continued from page 283) one of these is a bass trombone. (See the illustration on page 282.) The bass trombone resembles the other trombones in appearance, but its bell is wider and it can play·lower tones than the ordinary trombone. The Tuba The big bass horn of the orchestra is called the. tuba. Its 18-foot tube is wound around many times, but still it takes up a great deal of room. (See page 282.) The tuba has deep, full tones. Though deep in pitch it is surprisingly agile, considering the gravity of its tone. Only ·one tuba is used by the symphony orche~tra. REVIEW QUESTIONS I. Can you name the instruments of the brasswind section? 2. Have yo~ examined the picture of each instrument? (See page 282.) 3. Can you tell about each ot" the following instruments: (a) trumpet, ( b) French horn, ( c) trombone, (d) tuba? moon, and got nothing. Did you ever reach for the moon, and get nothing? (Ask your teacher what this question means.) Au.gust, 1939 POET OF THE PHILIPPINES (Crmti11ued from page 299) Manuscript Club of \Pat institution, where 'he received "much encouragement." Next, we hear of Mr. Concepcion at New York; there he met several prominent authors-important authors, some of them prize winners. Among his literary associates in the American metropolis were Arthur E. Chrisman and Rachel Fields. Mr. Concepcion returned to his native land,in 1931. A year later, another book of his poems, Bamboo Flute, appeared. At the inauguration of the Philippine Commonwealth Mr. Concepcion collaborated with Isabelo P. Caballero in the publication of the biography of President Quezon. We shall await with eagerness the appearance of further volumes from the pen of this gifted poet of the Philippines. 4. Which is the largest brasswind instrument? 5. Which brasswind instrument has a very brilliant tone? 6. Which· instrument is played by a slide? (To be. continued) A1191tst, 1939 Making an Aquarium By AIDA Bf\LTAZAR ( 13 years old) FIRST I got a medium-sized glass aquarium. The oblong shape with the entire top open is best I think. Also I ·got some fine, white sand, some small, shiny pebbles, some green water plants, a number of. small, live snails, and some fishes. I washed the glass aquarium and them I placed a layer of fine sand on the bottom. I placed the pebbles along the sides. Next I planted the green water plants. These supply the fishes with oxygen. I placed the snails in the ·aquarium for they will aid i"n keeping it dean. Then I filled the aquarium with fresh water and put the fishes in it. I feed the fish once each day with Spratt's fish food. I found the aquarium very interesting with its attractiv·e fish, bright pebbles and sand, green plants, and snails. THE YOUNG CITIZEN Arranging My Stamps By FRAl<CISCO M. CORTES ( 12 years old} MY stamp album has one hundred pages. I arrange my stamps in six different groups. In the first group I put all the "transportation" stamps. On the stamps in this group there are pictures of airplanes, sltips, trains, and sailboats. In the second group I place those stamps on which are pictures of noted persons. In the third group are the "industrial" stamps. One of the industries shown is taking sap from rubber trees. · In the fourth group I put all the "geographical" stamps. These include a pictur·e o f th e Panama Canal. The fifth group contains stamps on which are pictures of plants. The last group contains the 11 animal" stamps. This is an interesting way of classifying stamps. 303 Reading Newspapers By LUCINA E. BERNAL (14 years old) MY hobby is reading newspapers. After reading important news, I always cut out clippings and paste them in a notebook. In this way I am making a history of the current events of the world. Sometimes I review my notebook of clippings. This review helps me to remember the important things which have occurred in the recent history of the different countries. Of course I pay particu- · Iar attention to e\'ents of my own country. Every student should know what is happening in his own country and elsewhere. Sometimes I lose myself in reading, and then the hours seem very short to me. Reading newspapers gives me pleasure and valuable information, and improves my vocabulary. 304 THE YOUNG CITIZEN du?ust, 1939 I CHA TS with the EDITOR l THE Editor is feeling fine -splendid-glorious! And there is a song on his lips. Why? Well, it's on account of the way the subscriptions to The Young Citizen are coming in. Every ma i I. brings us n~w subscriptions -sometimes three hundred or five hundred subscriptions in one letter. We are now printing three times as many copies of The Young Citizen as we did a few months ago, and our press (the most modern ·press made-just arrived from New York recently) is running day and night. What is the reason for this healthful growth of the subscription list of The Young Citizen? There is only one answer: It must be due to the quality of the material used and the attractive way in which it is arranged. Superintendents and teachers are realizing that The Young Citizen provides excellent supplementary material for all pupils in the elementary schools who are able to read. (And by the way, The Young Citizen is ap- · proved . by the Bureau of Education for even primary grades-those below the fourth grade-as well as all grades above the primary grades. Best of all0 the boys and girls of the schools enjoy The Young Citizen. They like to read the stor1es and the articles in history, elementary science, music app re ci at i'o n, health, etc. Not long ago a seventh grader-mind you, a seventh grader !-said to me, "I even like to read also the little stories i~ Th~ Young Citizen for the first, second, and third graders, and do their easy 'seat-work,' because it is such nice, attractive work." And an upper grade girl wrpte me that she likes to read the primary material to her little brothers and sisters. I wonder if this obliging big sister doesn't enjoy this material herself; perhaps that is one reason why she· is so obliging. Well, that's quite all right. The Editor also enjoys reading the material for little folks. Every time a primary teacher sends me a big envelope full. of interesting things for primary grades, I get a thrill out of reading it. Now, let us glance at this issue of our magazine: What a charming story Mrs. Canova wrote about Imogene and her puppy. (page 276, A Tale of a Puppy). Every little girl. will enjoy that story. And such a ridiculous story Mr. Campoy has in this issue (page 278, The Monkeys and the Moon). Every boy -and girl, too-will like to read it. Be sure to read about the Manila Aquarium by Silvino Epistola (page 286, A Visit to the 111anila Aquarium). Silvino is a boy who attends one of the Manila high schools. He tells me that his Dad enjoys reading the articles about the symphony orchestra which have been appearing in The Young Citizen. You see, this adult reader of The Young Citizen is a musician i.n the famous Philippine Concert Band which has been playing at the World's Fair in San Fran~ cisco, so of course he likes the music articles of our magazine. Th.ere are many other attractive features in the August number of The Young Citizen, but I don't have space in which to mention them. So I'll just ·let you find them for yourself. Goodbye.-The Editor. r~~~f&§'gffi((i~ltt.m·@fftUi!llHj!g:S-§; ' Anno;::::e~!.!:e~;~ Our ~1' Did you ever do something interesting and worth while? Have you had any experience in doing any of the· following: U) Collecting Philippine Shells, (2) Hunting TuTUes, (3) Exploring a Volcano, (4) Catching Shal'ks, (5) Making an Aquarium, (6) Collecting Postage Stamps-, (7) Visiting Famous Churches of the Philippines, (8) Making a Garden, (9) Raising Flowers~ (10) Making Candies, (11) Building a Sail Boat, (12) Hunting for Wild Animals, (13) Baking Bread or Cakes, (U) Making Articles of Clothing, (15) Making Articles of Furniture, (16) Visiting the Aquarium in Manila, (17) Collecting Moths and Butterflies, (18) Collecting Interesting Botameal Sitecimens, (19) Raising Orehids, (20) Visiting Pt'imitive Peoples in the Phili~pines, or doing many other interesting things. WRITE ABOUT IT IN A SHORT COMPOSITION. Send your composition to Tha Young Citizen. Each month the Editor of The Young Citizen will publish as man~· of the best compositions as space will permit. If your composition is accepted for publication, you will become a member of The What-Are-You-Doing? Club. The rules for securing m~mbership are simple. OBSERVE THE FOLLOWING RULES: 1. Write about something interesting which you have done, such as th• above titles suggest. Do not write a story which is not true. If your story is accepted, you are a member of the Club. ·2. On your composition write your name and address VERY PLAINLY. 3. State your age. 4. Tell what you liked best in recent issues of The Young Citizen. Address all letters to: The What-Are-You-Doing? Club Care of Community Publishers, Inc. Publishers of The Young Citizen P. 0. Box 685. :Manila, Philippines Principals, Teachers, Boys, ·and Sirls! Eam Beautiful Premiums By Selling Copies of the Young Citizen. Fountain Pens (3 kinds to choose from) Hundreds· of Splendid Books Beautiful Boxes of Correspondence Stationery Glassware· and Dishes Sell The Young Citizen in Spare Time On Saturdays or After School. The Plan is SimpleWrite for Information and List of Premiums. Copy, fill out, and mail us the following: 'rhe Young Citizen Premium Department Community Publishers, Inc. , P. O. Box 685, Manita, Philippines I want to earn a Good Fountain Pen, a Box of Correspondence Stationery, and some of your Splendid Books or other Premiums in my Spare time. Send •e a List of the Premiums and information immediately, so I can get to work. Your Name (PLAINLY) ................. •· ........................ .. Your Address (PLAINLY) ................................ -.· ....... ; ..