The Young Citizen: The Magazine for Young People

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Part of The Young Citizen: The Magazine for Young People

Title: The Young Citizen: The Magazine for Young People
Description: In the Young Citizen you will always find materials for children: Stories, Poems, Contests and Things-To-Do, Art, History, and Nature Study, Interesting Features, Book Chats, Science and Health, and more.
Issue Date: Volume 5 (Issue No. 11) November 1939
Publisher: Community Publishing, Inc.
Year: 1939
Language: English
Subject: Children's literature, Philippine (English); Children's literature.; Philippine literature (English)
Rights
Place of publication: Manila
extracted text: rf ~ iei1 I 1i] r\i'.. ~ Announcement to All Writers: ----0 We Will Pav You for writing articles of merit for publication in THE YOUNG CITIZEN. \\"e 1,ant i11tere-.1ing: cl1ildren'-. ,torie~ from 200 to 500 wonh in length; aho garne.s, rt'adiug de\ice.;. article~ of hi,torical intere~t. elementary 'cience and he;11th article,, puz~les, joke.>. aid playlet>. \\'e al•o 11i•h to hu~· , e1·eral good ,erial -torie•. lntere•tini; •tories less than :?uO 11ord• in length are ,te-ired for Little Pcvpk You c:in add to ) Our income l~y writing for u~. Primary Teachers: We especially de::;ire yarious kinds of interesting material suitable for First, Second. and Third Grade Pupils. \\' <: 11 il! pay tl':ichen; a nd CJthcr:-:, for material 11·hich we can u~e. !. ~ i 0 j ~~ Each artide ~hould he \Hitten in clear, ea;.\·, corn.•l't En~li-.h. on one ;.ide of the 'j tW paper, type\\"ritten if po<.sib\e, or written by han.d neatly and legibly. . ~ ,.:X ~~ The article should be ;.ubmitted with a self-addn:;.~ed ... tamped e1H"elope, other·i ::fl. wi~e the publi-.hers will not return it to t11e writer in ca:'e it cannot he u->ed. · ~.< "''"" "" oomm,rnOodfo"" '°' . . ' II ~ ~ The 1\Ianaging Editor ,.. The Young Citizen ~ ~ / Care of Community Publishers, Inc. 1 1 ; P. 0. B:.ix 685. 1\Ianila, Philippine« ~ t lt•I ~'~·#'-;.':'-10~'.%-~~--'"''~ ~,~.,~ ~~ .~ ~"::""'~~"J • For First Graders \Vh1ch Is the P1cture'-Zonmo De/11na ..... . Reading and Answering-Gervacia Guarin . Finishing the Sentence • For Second Graders A Visit to the Farm-Fe l'tlasquez . Things Raised on the Farm . What Are They Doing?-Quirico A. Cruz . • For Third Graders Thankful-Claude W_eimer Honest or Not Honest-An{lc/ F. Camp,,y Thanksgiving Day-£. W. Peckham ........... . PolitenesS at Home-Mrs. Leoncia T. Galicono . • Stories The Kitten Who Forgot . Why We Have Thanksgiving Day-Angel F. Campoy .. A Thanksgiving Story . Whittington and His Cat . • Poems Give Thanks-M. Lucille Ford·. Thankful-Claude Weimf'!r ........ . Thanksgiving Day-£. W. Peckham • Character and Citizenship Books-Dr. /. Panlasigui What Is a Good Citizen?-Loreto //. Palma .. A Courteous Child Takes His Turn • Elementary, Science Some Information Abom Bi1ds ........ . The "Bird of the Thanksgiving Dinner .. • Music Appreciation Be Thankful !-Editli Byrum ............ . The Largest of All Musical Instruments . • History The History of Thanksgiving Day Who Were the Pilgrims? ......................... . Some Important Birthd:tys and Events of ~ovember . • Health and Safety Francisco's Lessons • Work and Play You Can"t Believe Your Eyes ..................... . Some Riddles for Fourth Graders-Eliza ;\Iarq11rz .. Making a Bird-Bath-Dorot/iy Barber ........... . \Vhy ls It True? .................................. . A Cross-\~'ord Puzzle for Fifth Graders-Benito Go Enlarging: Your Vocabulary-}lfrs. I'm~ 1. Eugenio Some Sa\•ory Philippine Dishes-Mrs. Anqela T. i\.fonta1111 . The Funny Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · The What-Are-You-Doing? Club . Chat~ with the Editor . "' "' "' 390 390 391 392 392 393 393 "' 396 397 400 387 392 393 386 404 405 408 409 394 .., .02 <IO HO +II +II m +I2 m 420 +23 -12-1 PublishL>d monthly by the Community Publi,ho:n;, Ine., 122 Crystal Arcade. Eseolta, Manila, PhiliPJlincs. Entered as St!cond Class Mail ~lalter at the Manila Post Office on May 16, 1935. Editorial Director: Jose E. lfomc>"o; Managing Editor: Bert Poul Osbon; Contributing Editors: Dr. I. P1u1losiuui and Qufrico A. C,.,u:: Siaff Artist: Pedro Pog11ia: Busines~ Manager: £111ilio1ia Garcia Ro8ales. Sub~cription Price: 1'3.1)1) fm· ont> year of 12·issues: $2.00 in the United Statesi and foreign countries. Single copy, 30 c"lltuVO>. s .. 1>sa•·ipliut1s O•IJ lo '"' ]!Uirl to Com1uut1it11 l'u/;lfalwrs, Jue. nu; MAGAZIN~ !=OR YOUNG P(;OPL~ 386 THE YOUNG CITIZEN NO'vember, 1939 ~i ~ BOOKS ~ Do you like books? ! Of course, you do. Every school child should like ~ books. A school child who. does not like books is not really a school child. Why? Because books to a school child are like wheels to a tar. It is the wheels that make it possible for a car to go. A car without wheels is not really a car. Books are necessary to a school child in the same manner as wheels are necessary to a car. Books help the child learn his daily lessons. Books help the child td know many things about 'trees, animals, birds, flowers, insects; about other countries and other peoples; and about many other things. Books are good companions to children; and for that matter, to everybody. Books talk; they keep you busy; they make you laugh; they make you happy; they make you enjoy everY. minute you spend with them. Books are the food that give rich nourishment to the growing minds of the children. A child who eats. plenty of nourishing food like meat, eggs, milk, fruits, and the like grows strong and healthy. He becomes taller and stronger than the child who does not eat nourishing food. A child who likes and reads good books makes his mind grow fast and strong. Books build school children into very good, strong, desirable citizens. 'I'herefore, books are good companions for every child. Now try this: Read a book fifteen minutes every day from now on. Why? Well, you will know the reason later on. ~ -DR. I. PANLASIGUI t ~~~~\!::<?'-~~~.<?"'~~(?Jl.Q,,,,..-.(i=(~.<?"'~~~~~(?-:.C!:: N (J1·e111bff, 1939 THE YOUNG CITIZEN A POEM FOR THIS MONTH GIVE THANKS By ~!. LUCILLE FORD GrvE thanks, good people of the land, For life and all we hold so dear: For health and strength, for shelter; food, And peace and hope and cheer. And as you offer thanks, then pray For eyes to see the pure and good, Hearts to love a_nd strength to serveThe spirit of true gratitude. Hearts that love the pure and noble Show their thankfulness each ·day; Lips that speak the truth in kindness Gratitude in all things say; Hands that help to seek another - Prove their thanks in daily living.; Lives that lift and cheer and comfort Are the only true thanksgiving. ll~ -WHAT ARE YOU ~1 ~ THANKFUL FOR TODAY?~~ THE YOUNG CITIZEN November, 193g FOR FIRST GRADERS WHICH IS THE PICTURE? By ,ZOSIMO DELIMA* Draw a line from the word to the picture. tree clock dog hen· plate ball *Teacher, Gingoog Central School, Gingoog, Misamis Oriental. November, 1939 THE YOUNG CITIZEN FOR FIRST GRADERS READING AND ANSWERING By GERVAC!A GUARIN* Place a cross under the picture which answers the question. Which animal can bark? Which animal can swim? FINISHING THE SENTENCE Draw a line from the blank to the right word which is under each picture. 1. Hens lay ---2. A---- gives milk.. 3. Wool comes from a---4. Mangoes grow on a ---*Teacher, Arayat Central School, Arayat, Pampanga. cow 390 THE YOUNG CITIZEN November, 1939 FOR SECOND GRADERS 1. 2. A VISIT TO THE FARM By FE VELASQUEZ * This is Juan and his sister Maria. They went to visit the farm. They liked the cow. Maria gave the cow some grass. JUan gave the cow some water. Juan and Maria are kind children. They like to visit the farm. ANSWER WITH YES OR NO Did Juan and Maria visit the 3. Did Maria give the cow some farm? - - - fish? --Did Juan give the cow some 4. Does the cow give us milk to water? drink? THINGS RAISED ON THE FARM Check the names of things a farmer grows on the farm: rice onions bananas sugar-cane cakes beans tobacco elephants corn bread chickens pigs candy coconuts tomatoes sweet-potatoes *Teacher, Arayat Elementary School, Ararat, Pampanga. November, 1939 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 391 FOR SECOND GRADERS WHAT ARE THEY DOING? ' By QUIRICO A. CRUZ* I ' Draw a line under the sentence which tells what they are doinrJ. ll!l!\\lh Mother is working. Mother is resting. Mother is sleeping. Father is resting at home. Father is working in the field. Father is walking in the street. Big brother is working. Big brother is playing ball. Big brother is reading. Juana is going to church. Juana is going to school. Juana is going to mark.et. P-::·.~ ;: •Assistant Principal, Gregorio del Pil~r Elementary School, Manila. • 392 THE YOUNG CITIZEN November, 1939 FOR THIRD GRADERS THANKFUL By CLAUDE WEIMER THANKFUL for the sunshine, Thankful for the rain, Thankful for the harvest Of ripened fruit and grain. Thankful for the kindness, Thankful for the cheer, Thankful for the friendship , We have had this year. SOMETHING TO THINK ABOUT 1. Make a list of things for which you are thankful. 2. Why should we be very thankful in the Philippines? 3. Ask Mother why she is thankful. 4. Ask Father why he is thankful. HONEST OR NOT HONEST By ANGEL V, CAMPOY Read each of the following carefully. Then write HONEST or NOT HONEST in each blank: 1. Carlos and Martin found a purse. They opened it and inside was a card on which was the name of their teacher, Miss Blanco, and fifty centavos. They kept the money and threw the purse away. They were ---2. Leon broke the flower vase at school. No one saw him do it. When Miss Furbeyre asked who broke the vase, Leon stood up and said, "I broke the vase, Miss Furbeyre. I am very sorry I did it." Leon was ---November, 1939 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 393 FOR THIRD GRADERS THANKSGIVING DAY By CLAUDE WAIMER EVERYBODY'.s waitingMan and bird and beast - Everybody's waiting for A great Thanksgiving feast. Pantry's full of good things Safely stowed away -For . a certain Thursday Called Thanksgiving Day. DO YOU KNOW? 1. What day of the week is Thanksgiving Day? 2. What should we do on that day? 3. Why do many people have a good dinner that day? 4. Will you observe Thanksgiving Day? POLITENESS AT HOME ·By MRS. LEONCIA T. GALICANO 1. Big brother works in an office down town. This morning he woke up late. What should you do? (Check the right sentence.) (a) Remind brother of the one centavo he gives you. (b) Help get his breakfast ready, -and help him get his things in· order. (c) Sit down; watch him. 2. Mother is busy. Baby wakes up from his nap and begins crying. What should you do? (Check the right sentence.) (a) Tell mother that the baby is crying. . (b) Watch mother sew your dress.(c) Take care of baby so he will· stop crying. 39+ THE YOUNG CITIZEN November, 1939 This is a beautiful two-part song appropriate for Thanksgiving Day, although it can be sung at any time of the year. The melody (lower notes) should be sung louder than the upper notes. BE THANKFUL! 3. Be thankful for peace and for safety, That ev'rywhere blesses our land; No war curses our beauteous islands, Where justice and 1 i be rt y stand. !DITH BYRUM 4. Be thankful for bounteous harvests That come from the land and the sea; We've shelter and food in abundanceGod grant that it thus e'er shall be. Nu'vember, 1939 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 395 LITTLE STORIES FOR LITTLE PEOPLE THE KITTEN WHO FORGOT LITTLE Kitty - Kat was sitting under a tree crying. Plainly, something was the matter. Mrs. Wibble-Wabble, the old mother duck, came waddling along. When she saw the little kitten crying, she stopped. "Why, wl)at is the matter, little Kitty-Kat?" said Mrs. Wibble-Wabble. "I have forgotten how tci talk kitten talk," answered little Kitty-Kat. "How did that happen?" asked t h e o 1 d mother duck. "I played with the puppy dogs so much that all I can say is bowwow, bowwow," the little kitten told her. "Don't c r y , " Mrs. Wibble- · Wabble answered. "I'll teach you how to talk." "Oh, thank you, Mrs. WibbleWabble," said Kitty-Kat smiling. "I'll be glad to help you, little Kitty-Kat. Listen to this. Quack! Quack! Quack!" The smile faded from 1 i t t 1 e . Kitty-Kat's face as she said, "No, that isn't the way to talk kitten talk." "That is the way m y 1 i tt 1 e ducklings learned to talk," said Mrs. Wibble-Wabble. "I have no more time to spend with you. I am on my way to the pond. Quack! Quack!" And Mrs. Wib-· ble-Wabble waddled away with great dignity. The little kitten began crying again. "Oh, dear! What shall I do?" she said. Just then Mrs. NannyG oat came along, jumping and running. · "Oh, what a fine day to jump and run!" she said. "The sun is so pleasant and the grass is so green." Then she saw little Kitty-Kat crying. "Why, it's 1itt1 e Kitty-Kat," she said. "What's the trouble? No one should be unhappy on a nice day like this." Little Kitty-Kat looked up, and her eyes were so full. of tears she could hardly see. "Oh, it's Mrs. Nanny-Goat," she said. "Oh, Mrs. NannyGoat, I'm in great trouble. I've (Please turn to page 417.) THE YOUNG CITIZEN November, 1939 WHY WE HAVE THANKSGIVING DAY By ANGEL V. CAMPOY* THANKSGIVING DAY was coming. The pupils of Miss Cordova's room were talking about it.· "Tomorrow,'1 said- Miss Cordova to the class, "will be Thanksgiving Day. We shall have no school. You may all ~tay at home to enjoy the day and have a big dinner with your fathers and mothers." "Why dp we have Thanksgiving Day, Miss. Cordova?" Juan asked. Miss Cgrdova turned to the class. "Who can answer that ql!estion ?" she asked. "I can, Miss Cordova." Maria stood. up to answer the question. "We have Thanksgiving Day so we can thank God for the things He has given us." "We thank God for keeping us healthy and strong," Rosa added. "Should we thank anyone else?" Miss Cordova asked. "We should thank our fath•ers and mothers for taking care of us and sending us to school," Felisa replied. . '"We should thank our friends for their kindness and for the things they do for us," Luis added. "We should also thank our brothers and sisters for taking care of us," Rita said. "And we should thank our teacher for being kind and patient with us in class," Juan added. Miss Cordova smiled. "Yes, we should give thanks for all these things. We should thank God for our food, our clothes, our homes, and all the many useful things that make our *Head Teacher, Maslog Primary School, Sibulan, Oriental N egros. . lives happy. We should also thank Him for the trees and for the birds and flowers that make the world we live in a beautiful place. Just think of the many things God has given us to make our lives happy and useful, said Rosa. "We should also thank·our faihers and mothers, our friends, and everyone for making us happy. That is why, on .the last Thursday of N overnber each year, we celebrate Thanksgiving Day. On that day we offer our thanks to God for His .m'any blessings, . and pray that we · may be able to continue to enjoy the many things which have been given us," said Juan: "Tonight," continued Miss Cordova, "before you say your prayers, think of the many things God has done for you, and thank Him. for all those things." That night, when they were at home, many of the pupils of Miss ·cordova remembered what their teacher had told them. When they said their prayers they. thanked God for the things that made them happy. This is what Ana said that night: "God, you make me happy all the day, You watch o'er me in work and play; The food I eat, the Clothes I wear, And other things· I cannot tell, You gave them all to me. For all these things, 0 Father dear, I thank Thee, Amen." QUESTIONS 1. Has your class talked about Thanksgiving Day? 2. Can you make a list of things for which you should be thankful? 1"ovn11ber, 1939 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 397 READING TIME FOR YOUNG FOLKS A THANKSGIVING STORY The Scene at the Home of Governor Winthrop IN our imagination let us go back more - than three hundred years to a scene very different from anything with which we are familiar. To arrive at the scene we cross the vast Pacific Ocean, in our imagination, and the great Amencan continent, and travel on until we come to the Massachusetts Bay Colony on the cold, bleak New England coast of North America. The people who founded this colony had emigrated from Old England in order that they might have more freedom. During the early history of the colony many of the colonists were sick and some had died. Food was very scarce during the cold winter, not only with the English colonists but with the American Indians who lived in the vicinity. The colonists had sent to England for food supplies, but the returning .hip, long overdue, had not yet arrived. The governor of this struggling.colony was John Winthrop. And now we find ourselves, in ima.gination, in a room in Governor Winthrop's home in the Massachuetts Bay Colony. The room is very plainly ftirnished according to the New England period, and is evidently used for transacting the governor'-s business. On this chilly morning a knock was heard at the door of Governor Winthrop's home. A servant admitted a ~oman, Mrs. Freeman-one of the colonists-and her 1itt1 e eight-year-old· daughter named Patience. "Is the governor at home?" Mrs. Freeman asked. "Yes, mistress; he has just come in," re!Jlied the servant. "Will you let him know that I am here?" "At once, mistress. Please be seated," <lllS\:vered the servant, who then went to the governor to announce .l\1;s. Freeman. Mrs. Freeman and little Patience sat down on a settee. ·Patience breathed on her hands in order to warm them. THE YOUNG CITIZEN November, 1939 "Mother, do you really think the governor will give us· corn?" said Patience fretfully. "I'm tired of having nothing good to eat." "Why, Patience, of course he will if he can spare us any," said.Mrs. Freeman. "But you must remember how many sick people there are in the colony who need it more than we do." "Yes, mother," continued Patience, "but there are not many people in our colony. Why can ther·e not be enough food for e".erybody?" "I hope that there may be before very long, my dear," answered Mrs. Freeman. "We must try to think that our ship with provisions is coming soon. Sh-h ! I hear the governor coming. Remember your manners. Rise and curtsey, as I have taught you." Governor Winthrop entered the room and bowed to Mrs. Freeman. She and Patience both rose and curtsi·ed. "Good day, Mistress Freeman," said the governor. "I trust that you and your family are well." "All well, Your Excellency," · Mrs. Freeman responded, "and thankful to be so in. this season of want and cold. Our larder is getting low, so I came to see i,f I could buy a few pounds of corn." Evidently the governor was worried, but he tried to conceal the fact. "Why, Mistress Freeman," he said, "it is aibout that matter that I am awaiting tidings. This morning I sent word to the chief of the neighboring Indian tribe that we should like to trade with him for corn. -1 expect that Dudley and Wilson, the two colonists who took my message, will soon be back. Can you not wait until their return? If our trade is good, we shall ·have plenty of food for all." Mrs. Freeman and little Patience sat down again on the settee, and the governor sat down on a chair. Presently Mrs. Freeman said, "I suppose Your Excellency has had, as yet, no word of the good ship Lyon which is bringing us food supplies.'' "Not yet/' answered the governor. "No doubt the date of her sailing was deferred." "It would seem .so/' commented Mrs. Freeman, "for Captain Pierce sailed seven months ago to fetch us provisions." "If we were all well," said the governor, "the delay would not matter. But when half our people ar-e sick, we long to give them some of ~he comforts they left in England." Just then the servant admitted another colonist, Mrs. Garrett, who curtsied to the company and took a seat. "Ah! Mistress Garret," said the gov•ernor, "I was just lamenting to Mistress Freeman that we have so few comforts for our sick, but I did not forget that we have brought you, the best nurse in England." "Your Excellency is very kind," said Mrs. Garrett. ."I only wish that I could do more in the homes where sickness has entered. I thought you would like to hear that John Humphrey and his wife are better of their fever." "I rejoice to hear such good news," t~~ governor answer,ed. "I trust that you can give as good an account of your other patients." "I wish I could, Your Excellency," said Mrs. Garrett, "but with this biting cold and our lack of food, it goes hard with those who are sick. Is there no hope of the .good ship' Lyon bringing us fodd ?11 "No immediate hope, madam, but I trust that we may be able to buy corn No'vember, 1939 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 399 from the neighboring Indians." Just then a knock was heard on the front door. The servant admitted Dudley, Wilson, the Indian Chief, and a young Indian, all of whom advanced to th.e governor. "We have brought the Indian chief back with us, Your Excellency," said Dudley, "just as you directed, but he does not seem disposed to trade with us. However, we can try." Dudley then took the Indian chief over to the flour barrel which was in one corner of the room, and showed him that it was empty. He and Wilson took from a chest several long, showy strings of beads, which they offered to the chief, suggesting . by their ~otions that the Indians might· have the beads if thev would fill the bar·rel. The chief shook his head. A silence fell on the company, which was broken by little Patience, who began to cry. ''J\.iother," said Patience. "What is it, little daughter?" said her mother. "If we had only staid in England," said the little girl, "we should have plenty to eat." ~.1rs. Freeman did not answer her; but put her arm around her child. Turning to Governor Winthrop she said: "It is hard sometimes, Y o u r Excellency, when we realize how much we have sacrificed for our freedom here." Both men ·urged him for some time. Governor Winthrop The Good Ship "L.ro11" "You speak tru1 y, Mistress Freeman," said the governor. "But we have crossed the sea in safety; we have been kept from harm among the savage Indians; we have founded a colony. Whatever happens, we must not give up hope. I will proclaim a day of prayer and fasting for then took a red blanket from the chest, approached the chief, and offered it in similar fashion. Finally, after all three men had persisted for some time, the Indian chief and the young Indian shook their heads, and, ·by pointing to their own mouths and showing their empty hands, indicated that they themselves had not enough to eat. Then the Indians went out of the front door which was opened for them by the servant. tomorrow. We must not lose faith, for all may_ yet be well." As the company nodded in approval, a knock was heard. The servant opened the door and admitted Roger Clapp; another of the colonists. Clapp, wildeyed and shivering1 looked at the governor. ('Your Excellency,11 said Clapp '(my wife is dying. My children have been without food for two days. Can yo,1 give me something for them?'1 (Please turn lo page 421.) 400 THE YOUNG CITIZEN November, 1939 WHITTINGTON AND HIS CAT ONCE upon a time tl]ere lived in England a little boy whose name was Dick Whittington. His father and mother died when he was very young so that he remembered nothing about them. The poor little fellow was ragged and homeless; but he was bright and learned very rapidly. When he grew older he went to London, for he thought that the streets there were paved with gold. But instead, he found they were paved with hard stones and made a very poor bed. He nearly starved, for he could find no work by which to earn a living. At iast one day Dick lay down at the door of a rich merchant. The kind man, seeing that the child was ill for lack of food; ordered the servants to take him into the house and giv·e him a good dinner. Dick was given the job of being the cook's helper. The cook was ill-natured and always found fault with Dick. Dick's bed was in the garret where there were so many holes in the floor and. walls that every night he was troubled with rats and mice. One day a man gave Dick a coin for cleaning his shoes, and the next day Dick bought a cat with his money. Dick hid his cat in the garret and always took care to carry part of his dinner to her. In a short time he had rio more trouble with the rats and mice. Soon after this, the rich merchant had a ship ready to sail. He thought it right that all his servants should have some chance for good fortune as well as himself. So he called them into his office and asked them what they would send on his ship for trade. They all had something that they were willing to send. Dick went upstairs and got his cat. There were tears in his eyes as he gave her to the captain. Dick missed his cat very much, -and soon the garret in which he slept was again overrun with rats and mice. He . was unhappy, too, because the cook was crosser than ever, and scolded him and often beat him. Life became so hard for him that one morning he decided to run away and go back to his village home. ·So he started. As Dick was walking sadly along the road, suddenly he heard the great Bow Bells of London chiming forth across the fields. They seemed to say to him: "Turn again, Whitt-ing-ton, Thrice Lord Mayor of London." So Dick turned and went back to his master's house. 1!1 the meantime, the ship with D-ick's cat on board was far out at sea. At last it was driven by the winds to a far distant country. The people there came in great numbers to see the sailors and to trade. Many were eager to buy the fine things /\.~O'lH'mber, 1939 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 401 that were loaded on the ship. At last, the King sent for the captain of the ship to come to the palace. The King and Queen were seated at the upper end of the room, and a number of different kinds of food were brought in for dinner. When they had been there only a short time many rats and mice rushed in and helped themselves from almost every dish. The captain of the ship wondered at this, and asked if the rats and mice were not very unpleasant. "Oh, yes," "said the King, "and I would give half my trea'ure to be freed from them.'' The captain jumped for joy. He remembered Dick Whittington's cat. He \?ld the King that he had on board his boat an animal that would kill the rats and mice immediately. "Bring this animal· to me," said the King, "and if she will do as you say, I will load your ship with gold and jewels in exchange for her." Away went the captain to the ship. He soon returned to the palace with Dick's cat under his arm. When the cat saw the rats and mice, she jumped out of the captain's arms and in a few minutes almost all the rats and mice lay dead at her feet. The King bargained with the captain for the whole cargo of the ship, and then gave him ten times as much for the cat as all the rest amounted to. The captain then said goodbye, and set sail with a fair wind to England. After a pleasant voyage, he arrived home. The captain hurried to the house of the rich mer~hant. He told the story of the cat and showed what the King had given him for the cargo, and the great amount he had given him for the cat. The rich merchant sent for the boy who was now back at his work cleaning the .pots for the cook. The kind merchant told Dick that the captain had sold his cat to "the King of a far-distant country, and had brought him gr'eat ri.;hes in return for her. Dick begged his master to take what part of the treasure he pleased, since he owed all his good· fortune to his kindness. But the rich merchant refused. History tells us that later Dick married the daugh~er of the rich merchant. They lived in great splendor and were very happy. Dick became Sheriff of London, and afterward he became Lord Mayor of London three times, just as. the gr-eat Bow Bells had seemed to say to . him.-Adapted. REVIEW I. Where is England? 2. What and where is London? 3. Was Dick Whittington a poor boy or a rich boy? · 4. Why did Dick go to London? 5. Where did he go to live? 6. What was his work? 7. Where did he sleep? 8. What is a garret? (See the dictionery.) 9. What did Dick buy? Why? l 0. Do you think the rich merchant was a kind man? 11. What offer did he make to his servants? 12. What did Dick "send? 13. Why was Dick going to run away? 14. Why did he return to his master? . 15. Where did the captaiq take the rich merchant's.ship? 16. Tell about the rats and mice in the King's palace. (Please turf/ lo page 418.) 402 THE YOUNG CITIZEN November, 1939 HEALTH AND SAFETY SECTION FRANCISCO'S LESSONS (As Related by a School Principal) ONE morning, not so very long ago, I started to walk to school-a very large school of which I was one of the principals. As I neared the playground, I noticed that something a little bit unusual was happening. You know a teacher very quickly senses anything that is not quite right among his pupils. "Manok! 'Manok!" shouted some of the children who were playing in the school yard. Certainly I understood very well that the word manok is the word for "chicken" in our native vernacular, but I couldn't understand why the children were shouting it. I looked around, but I did not see any chicken. ·Just then I saw a boy run up to another and strike him in the fa0e• with such force that the boy who had been struck fell to the ground with blood streaming from his nose. I hastened my steps. Of course I had seen playground quarrels before, but this one seemed a little different from the usual school-boy affair. By the tiine I reached the actual place of the encounter, some of the larger boys had picked up the boy who had been struck, and had taken him, with blood still streaming from his nose, to the school nurse. I -went in to find out what had happened. "What happened to this boy?" asked the school nurse, as she washed away the blood from the boy's nose and stopped further flow. "What happened to this boy?" "Somebody knocked him down and bloodied his nose," replied Jose, who had witnessed the affair. "Who struck him?" I asked. "Francisco hit him, sir," answer~d.Fe lipe. "Where is Francisco?" "Here he comes/' he s?id, as two patrol hoys came in with Francisco. "Did you strike Tulio?" I asked. "Ye-e-s, sir,n stamm·ered Francisco with downcast eyes. "Why did you strike him?" "He made fun of me, sir. And he ·was ·causing the other children to make fun of me, also. Tulio called me 'manok', and then the other children shouted the same thing. I got very angry and hit him. I did .not mean t<i hurt him." "] ust for that little thing you got angry and knocked Tulio down and bloodied his nose?" I askecj. "You are not what they were calling you, are you.?" Francisco did not answer. I noticed that he had his right hand in his pocket. I was about to ask him to take his hand out of his pocket, when a boy whispered to me, ''He has only three fingers on his hand, sir, just like the foot of a .chicken." "So that was the reason why he got angry," I said to myself. I began to see why the word manok shouted in derision by thoughtless schoolmates would arouse Francisco's temper. "Come with me. I want to talk to you alone,n I said to Francisco. I took the boy to my o!fice. In our private talk, Francisco related to me how he lost his thumb and small finger. Of course it was because of his carelessness No~•ember, 1939 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 403 and disobedience. His father had warned him of the danger of playing with lighted. fire-crackers. He did not heed the warning. One evening while playing a war game with other boys, he lighted a large firecracker which exploded in his hand before he could throw it at any one. His thumb and last finger were injured so badly that the doctor feared that tetanus (lock-jaw) might result. The doctor amputated his hand, and the boy lost his thumb and small finger. This left· him with only the three fingers on that hand. Of course, boylike, not until after the accident did Francisco realize the tr u th o f what his father had told him-how it is not safe to play with firecrackers, esp e c i a 11 y lighted ones. But the loss of his fingers was not all. He had more suffering to endure, ·it was better for him to pay no attention to anything which he heard said about him by careless children. "Yes, Francisco," I said, "that is the best way. You see you did not heed your father's safety warning, so you lost your fingers. It is always .dangerous to play with large, lighted firecrackers. I hope you have learned your lesson of safety." "I have, sir,11 interrupted Francisco. "And now," I continued, "you must also learn a le5son in good citizenship. Learn to pay no attention to those jeering, thoughtless boys and girls, and do not let what they say make you angry. Do you think you can do that?" I asked. "I will try, sir," the boy answered. for in the school It is dangerous to play with lighted fire-crackers. Francisco kept his word, and ceased to be annoyed a pparentl y, ·when the undesirable name of "manok" was shouted at him by some careless youngster.. In a short time the. children who used to ca 11 Francisco thoughtless children called him "manok" because of his having only three fingers as a chicken has three toes. To the boy the situation became unbearable. I began to see Francisco's side of it, and I symp.athized with him. I talked kindly to the boy. I tried to make h.im realize that the more one, gets angry when jeered by ·thoughtless perwns, the more such persons will find delight in shouting their jeers. In that way I was able to make the boy see that "mnnok'i got tired of shouting the name at him, for they realized they could not make him angry. Presently it ceased entirely, and th~ affair was ended. Francisco had learned two lessons-a lesson in safety and a lesson in good citizenship, although the former had cost him dearly. Perhaps this story, if told through The Young Citizen to many of ·the boys and girls of the Philippines, may help someone to avoid a painful ac(Please turn to.page 418.) THE YOUNG CITIZEN Nf'J1:ember, 1939 CHARACTER AND CITIZENSHIP SECTION WHAT IS A GOOD YOUNG CITIZEN? By LORETO V. PALMA WHAT is a good young citiz.en? What must a boy-or a gir I-do to be considered a good citizen? Well, let us see. W·e know of a school boy named Amancio who is considered a good young citi·zen. This is about what he does each day. Of course Amando does not do exactly each of these things each day, but he does things similar to these. Amando wakes up and gets up early each morning. He takes a shower, not forgetting to.wash his face, neck, and ears with soap. He brushes his teeth well, and combs his hair neatly. He sees that his shoes are polished, and that his clothing is neat and clean. A GOOD YOUNG CITIZEN Is CLEAN. After eating his breakfast, Amancio goes to school. He carries his books under his. arm. He never fails to attend school unless he is sick. He always starts early enough so that he is not tardy. A GOOD YOUNG CITIZEN Is PUNCTUAL. When leaving for school, Amando usually sees his dog at the door. He pats him on the head and says goodbye. Amando always sees that his pet has a sack or a rug to lie down on, and he always gives him enough to eat. A Gooo YOUNG CITIZEN Is KIND. Perhaps. Amancio meets his teacher on the way to school. If he .does, he takes off his hat and says, "Good morning, Miss ~ruz." A Gooo YOUNG CITIZEN ls COURTEOUS. One time as Amando turned the corner of the street, he saw an old woman wanting to cross the street which was crowded with traffic. He held the woman's arm and guided her until she reached the opposite corner. Amancio is always looking for opportunities like this. A GOOD YOUNG CITIZEN Is HELPFUL. At school during the flag ceremony he always stands at attention, and places his right hand over his heart. A Gooo YOUNG CITIZEN Is LOYAL TO HIS COUNTRY. Once the principal of the school asked Amando to pick up the waste paper which was on the lawn. He did so and burned the .raper in the pit. Amancio always does what he is asked to do. A Gooo YOUNG CITIZEN Is OBEDIENT. Usually after the class is dismissed, Amando remains and arranges the desks in line, the books in order, and puts other things in their p.laces. "Everything must be in its place," says Amando. A GOOD (~lease turn to page 419.) Nooember, 1939 THE YOUNG CITIZEN +o; crA COURTEOUS CHILD TAKES HIS TURN THE YOUNG CITIZEN November, 1939 MUSIC APPRECIATION SECTION v THE LARGEST OF ALL MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS T.HE first piano was built by an Italian instrument maker named Bartolomeo Cristofori. The oldest piano in existence was built by Cristofori in 1720. (See The Young Citizen for October, 1939, page 362.) But long, long before that pipe organs were built. The pipe organ is a very ancient instrument, although its mechanism, of course, has been vastly improved in "modern times. The organs of early days were very different from the organs of today. The first instrument of this type was the Pan's pipes of the ancient Greeks, which consisted of a set of pipes of different lengths bound together and made to sound by the player's breath. About two centuries before Christ a device was invented for forcing air into pipes by water power, and keys were added to open and close the pipes. This hydraulic (water) organ was common among the Greeks and Romans. Centuries later the bellows came into use, instead of water-power, to furnish air. An organ built in the 10th century for Winchester Cathedral in England had a bellows so powerful that 70 men were needed to pump it. In the organs of today the electric power that pumps the bellows is equal to 25 or even 40 horsepower; yet so improved is the mechanism of the keyboard that the touch of a finger is all that is re'quired to open the pipe-valve. · When you look at the keys of a pipe organ, you see only a very small part of the organ itself, for it is the largest of all ·musicaf instruments. Sometimes ahove the. keys of some organs you see rows of pipes that make the tones, but more often the organ is built as a part of the building in which it is placed, and some of the pipes, like the rest of the machinery, are hidden behind the walls. Often the pipes are placed at the sides of the auditorium, in the ceiling, or even in another room. In a pipe organ there are hundredssometimes even thousands-of pipes. In large organs some of the pipes are as large as the trunks of .full-grown trees; these make the deep, heavy tones. Some pipes are smaller than a lead pencil; these make the higher tones. The pipes are arranged in groups. Each group is controlled by a stop which is placed i.n reach of the organist. When he wishes to use any particular grotip, he opens the proper stop and thus connects it with the keyboard. The air which causes the pipes to sound is forced into them from an air chamber into which air has been pumped by a great bellows or in some cases by an electric.Jan. The pipe organ has several keyboards -two or three or four, sometimes even five. These keyboards. are called manuals because they are played by the hands. The several manuals make possible quick changes of power and tone quality. All modern pipe organs also have a pedal keyboard on which a skillful organist plays with as much dexterity, almost, with both feet as with his hands on the man.ual keyboard." The keys of the pedal kc;yboard are of wood and are very large because the organist has to play them with his feet. . November, 1939 THE YOUNG CITIZEN In order to provide· for still greater variation in power, some of the sets of pipes are enclosed in a practically soundproof chamber called the "swell-box." This room is provided with shutters ·that can be opened and closed at will. When the shutt.ers are closed, the tone is so soft that we can scarcely hear it. When the shutters a.re opened, we· can hear the tone at its full strength. · The manual keyboards, the pedal keyboard, the combination pedals, the stops, etc. are colkctivel y called ,the "console." The console is often at a considerable distance from the pipes that actuaay produce the tones. the organist has at his command, he is able to 'control a greater extent of range and power than any other musical performer. The playing of an organ compares with the possible performance of a symphony orchestra. Not only is the pipe organ the largest of all musica.I instruments·, but it is the most difficult instrument to play. Dr. Eliot, formerly the president of Harvard University, has been quoted as saying that the performer on a modern pipe organ does more things at the same tiine than are demanded by any other type of huma·n activity. REVIEW I. Tell about the first organ. 2. Look a t th e picture of the organ on this page. 3. Where is the console? 4. Where are the pipes? In modern pipe organs the greatest improvements are due to the use of elcctiicity. So mu.ch of the machinery of the pipe organ is now operated by electricity that the inside of the organ looks like a tele- The Atligl1ty Organ 5. Are there more pipes than the photograph shows? manual keyboards do phone exchange. By means of these electrical devices almost an infinite variety in power and quality is at the organist's command. The use of mechanical d.evices on the pipe organ is called "registration." By making full use of all the devices which 6. How many you see? 7. Where is the pedal keyboard? 8. Tell about the size of the pipes of a pipe organ. (Pleau turn to page 419.) Tl{E YOUNG CITIZEN November, 1939 ELEMENTARY SCIENCE SECTION SOME INFORMATION ABOUT BIRDS OF all animals the only ones which bear feathers are birds. The feathers grow from the skin like the scale of reptiles or the hair of mammals. Birds, with the fishes, reptiles, amphibians (animals living both on land and in water), and mammals make up that division of the animal kingdom known as invertebrates or backboned animals. But the backbone of a bird is very different from the backbone of other animals. This fs necessary so.that the· bird can fly. It is thought that millions of years ago birds developed from lizard-like reptiles. If this is true, the lizard or reptile is the ancestor of the bird. Even today there are a few similarities. Birds and reptiles are hatched from eggs. Some birds, like some reptiles, have scales, although with the bird (the chicken, for example) the scales are only on the legs where there are few or no feathers. The differences in the structure of birds and reptiles which seem so great today have been brought about by the birds learning to fly. Birds today do not have teeth, but many fossil birds had teeth, j~st as their reptile 1..:ousins still, have. The study of feet among the birds tells a great deal about their lives. Notice the sketches (on this page.) of the feet of some birds. The first picture (on the left) is the foot of an ostrich. Notice th~t there are only two toes. Many, many years ago the ancestors of the ostrich had five toes. Th; other three have now disappeared because the ostrich spends so much of its time in running. The third toe has grown very big, while the fourth toe, the only other one that is left, is becoming smaller. It will probably disappear entirely, just as in the case of the horse. The second illustration (on the left) is the foot of a bird called the apteryx. It is scaled; this characteristic was inherited from the reptile ancestor. The next two sketches (counting from the l"eft) are pictures of woodpeckers' feet. They are arranged to give the bird a good grip on tree trunks. The first illustration on the right shows the foot of a pelican. Notice that the toes have a web betwee'n them so the bird can swim. The next sketch on the right shows the foot of.a grebe, a bird which lives both on land and in water. :\' oticc that the web is attached to each toe, but these toe webs do not join. This (Please tum to page ~22.) N otwnbrr, 1939 THE YOUNG CITIZEN THE BIRD OF THE THANKSGIVING DINNER Tl-IANKSGIVINC and roast turkey are synonyms in the Cnited States. From the first Thanksgiving Day of the Pilgrims in the Massachusetts Colony,. in 1621, when visiting Indians furnished wild turkeys for the feast, no Thanksgiving dinner in the United States is considered to be complete unless there is roast turkey. The turkey is the only American representative of, the Old W orld pheasant. as he has a habit of breaking eggs. The hen u·sually lays about 12 eggs a year, and unless misfortune overtakes her . first brood of young, she raises only one brood a year. Turkeys are cared for in much the same way as other fowls, except that· they arc mo.re deficate. The young in particular must be watched, because they are delicate. It is possible, though, to raise turkeys in the Phi Ii ppines, and a few are be· in g raised in various parts of the islands. The tail is broad and round, with 14 to 18 blunt buff tip p e d feathers. These the male bird spreads fanwise (as shown in. the illustration) and raises above hi s back in c o urting Turlur-Gobblers Wild turkeys were once ver y lJ 1 en tiful all over temp e r - a t.e North America days. The dark plumage has metallic green, copper, and bronze reflections. The male bird has a special beardlike growth of black bristles hanging from the center of the upper breast. The call note, turk, tur·k, turk, doµbtless gave the birds their name. The call of the turkey cock is gobble, gobble, and this has caused the bird to be known as the "turkey-gobbler.". The turkey-hen is wild and secretive. She prefers to live in a wild place. She hides her nest, even from the cock, and Ceotral America. Now wild turkeys are very rare, but the domesticated iurkey, the descendant of the wild species, is common in poultry yards both in America and in Europe, where it was brought from the New World early in ihe 16th century. The American bronze turkey, the largest of the domestic birds,- is from the stock of the Mexican wild turkey. At times it attai'ns a weight of 40 pourids or more. ( Pleau turn to page 422.) 410 THE YOUNG CITIZEN November, 1939 WORK AND PLAY SECTION YOU CAN'T BELIEVE YOUR EYES l. FIRST, you see in the above picture the Reversible Staircase. Look at it. Cse a steady gaze. Hold the paper still and move your head up and down. One, two-o-o, three-e-e ! Over it goes I The harder you look, the sooner it reverses. Squint again. The staircase is back in its original form! How's that for a prestidigitorial masterpiece? 2. Quick, now, look next at the Shaded Cubes, an amazing conjuration which is the triumph of the occult arts! Count the cu~es. One on top; two below; three at the bottom. Six in all. Now, let us produce an exira cube, making seven. Again use the steady gaze. See the cubes reassemble themselves before your eyes.· Look again. Have . the cubes moved or haven't they? Count them. There are seven. You can1 t believe your eyes. And SOME RIDDLES, FOR FOURTH GRADERS By ELIZA MARQUEZ* I. My home is in a bottle. I am red, or blue, or black, or green. Children who want to use me get me with their pens. What am I? 2. Farmers raise many of us in their back yards. We make good food. We have two legs, two wings, and a comb when we are grown. What are we? 3. I am made of paper and sticks. I can fly hut I have no wings. The wind keeps me up in the air. I am tied to a long string. What am I? 4. I am very useful. I arri made of paper, and have figures printed on me: I hang on the wall. You look at me to know when you wi.II celebrate your birthday. You look at me when you want to write a letter. What am I? ·5. You cannot see me, but you can feel. me. You like to have me come near you when you are feeling warm. Sometimes I am strong. Sometimes I am very gentle. I come from dif, ferent directions. What am I? (Answers 011 page 418) •Teacher, San Miguel Elementary School, Manila. I don't have to prove it-you are proving it yourself. 3. Next, we have the baffling Arrow Mystery. Look at the two lines. Decide for yourself which is the longer 1ir.e. Then measure them. You can't believe your eyes! November, 1939 THE YOUNG CITJZE"'I .pl MAKING A BIRD-BATH By DOROTHY BARBER A BIRD-BATH not only adds to the beauty of a garden, but it is a sign to the birds that there is a friendly spot. In order to-make a bird-bath, all the material you need is a quantity of Portland cement, some sand, and some small pieces of ornamental rock. For the latter, a large colorful rock broken into small. pieces is most satisfactory. Decide on the circumference and the <iepth you wish your bird-bath. to be. Then, in an out-of-the-way place, make a mound of earth to correspond to the measurements inverted. Cover this earth mound smoothly-several thicknesses of newspaper is best. Mix one part of cement with two parts of sand, and add water to make a consistency easy to plaster over your paper covered mound. Make the edges not less than an inch in thickness. The cement should gradually be thicker towards the center where you mold a bottom for it to rest when it is finished. While the cement is still soft, stick the small pieces of rock in around the edge. Make sure that they are not only solid, but that they sho;., through the cement and p~otrude beyond the edge of the WHY IS IT TRUE? (Ask your )1igh ·school friends.) fljillin<a a 91obe 'IVith. Watir 1 1J _in lllss th.an Fivll :Secon.ds .... \\1'j) ~~~~ Ho1d"" -~. · th_ll ti'e of an.old lia,h.t gJoba. undarwalq.f"ansl break. it otf. Quickly lli.~ gjobll ·:· -t• ·:· ·:· ·:· ·:· ·:· will fl JI ').)ith. wat~t; ExPLANATION: Much of the air was removed from inside the glass bulb. When a hole is made in the bulb under the wat~r, the outside air pushes on the water and forces it up into the bulb-. basin. When it is dry (in several days), slip a board beneath the basin and turn it .over.· Remove the paper; you may have to soak it out, Then make a paste of a small portion of cement and water, ;nd rub it well into the surface of the bath. For a pedestal on which to place this bird-bath, use two two~by-fours fastened together and sunk into the earth at least three feet. Place the bath upon the pedestal. Stain it a dCep brown or green, train- vines around it, and you have a thing of beauty which, to the birds, will l)e a joy forever. 412 THE YOUNG CITIZEN November, 1939 A CROSS· WORD PUZZLE FOR FIFTH GRADERS By BENITO GO DRAW a square. Divide it into 16 s ma 11 er squares. Number the small squares across the top and along the side as shown in t h e illustration. Think of the required words and write one letter of the word in eac)l small square. ACROSS I. A word which is the name of a slender piece of metal with a head, and which, when used, is driven into wood. 2. The name of a measure of land common in the United States. 3. The name of a well-known flowering plant of Japan, America, and Europe. It has long, sword-shaped leaves, and large, handsome flowers. 4. A word meaning a smaller part or quantity. DOWNWARD I. A word which is the name of a .slender piece of metal with a head, and which, when used, is driven into wood. 2. The name of a measure of land common in the Cnited States. 3. The name of a well-known flowering plant of Japan, America, -and Europe. It has long, sword-shaped leaves, and large, handsome flowers. . 4. A word meaning a smaller part or quantity. (A11swers on page 417) ENLARGING YOUR VOCABULARY By MRS. PAZ f EUGENIO• Underline the wotd in parenthesis that has the same meaning as the word printed in Italics. I. . Pedro is cou,-teous to his teachers. (rude, good, respectful) 2. Pablo was giyen a nice fddfe. (violin, book, toy) 3. Mother prepared wholesome food. (delicious, expensive, poor) 4. The pupils were bot/ze,-ing the teacher. (joking, disturbing, listening to) 5. The crackers are in the box. (pies, cookies, biscuits) 6. He was astonished to see a bear. (happy, surprised, glad) 7 .. When the lightning flashed, we were sca,-ed· (overjoyed, afraid, excited) 8. Aunt Julia is an affectionate woman. (loving, cross, wicked) 9. The tired traveller had an excellent appetite. (poor, good, fair) 10. Father locked the door. (repaired, fastened" with a key, opened) 11. The man l"escued the drowning ,.i1ors. (fed, saved, ignored) 12. The dog is an intelligent- animal. (stµ pid, clever, fierce) *"Teacher, Cecilio Apostol, Elementary School, l\lanil:i.. Not•emlier, 1939 THE YOUNG CITIZEN THE YOUNG CITIZEN PANTRY 413 SOME SAVORY PHILIPPINE DISHES By ~IRS. ANGELA T. MONTANO* "THE shortest way to a man's heart is through his stomach." Tliere is much truth in this saying. It should therefore be the aim of every girl or woman to learn the proper ways of cooking, because all women want to plea~e the members of their household by good, palatable, whole.some cookery. We offer in this issue of The Young Citizen some more savory Philippine dishes. Crabs with Mon go Sprouts Get three medium-sized crabs, 2 cups of mango sprouts, 2 tablespoons of fat, 4 cups of hot water, one onion, 2 cloves of garlic, pepper and salt. Wash and sort the mango sprouts. Fry quickly with little grease the mango sprouts, onions, and garlic. Cover and cook until the mango sprouts are nearly done. Wash and clean the crabs very well. Divide each ineluding the shell and drop into the boiling mixture. Cook until the crabs turn brick red. Season to taste. Bola-bola Special Get 10 medium -sized. shrimps, 5 cups of shrimp juice, one-third of a Cup of chopped pork, 4 bundles of misua, one egg, 2 tablespoons of fat, one-half of an onion, 2 cloves of garlic, one stalk of fresh . garlic leaves. Wash· and shell the shrimps and chop the me~t fine. Mix the· pork and chopped· meat of shrimps together with a little salt. Fry quickly with little grease the garlic and the onions, and when brown, add the shrimp juice. Stir until it boils. Drop into this the garlic leaves cut into pieces one-half of an inch long. Beat the egg, and mix the chopped meat of shrimps and pork together. Drop by teaspoonfuls into the boiling mixture. Cook until the balls float on the top. Thicken with misua cut into short pieces. Sea. son with pepper and serve hot. Came a la Nepa G et one - fourth o f a pound of tender cut meat, 2 red ripe tomatoes, 2 stalks oJ cochay, one-half of a cup of bread crumbs, 4 tablespoons of fat, one young cucumber, one head of lettuce, and a little salt. Slice the meat thinly as for. tapa. Sprinkle a little salt on it. Chop the tomatoes and cochay fine, and coat both sides of each slice of meat. Dip into bread· crumbs and fry in hot fat until gol~en brown. Arrange on a platter. edged with lettuce leaves and garnished with rings of cucumber. Pinaiigat· Pinaiigat is fish boiled with a small amount of water and salt. Get as many fish as desired. Clean and (Please turn to page 419.) *Teacher of Home Economics, Gregorio del Pilar Elementary School, lVlanila. THE YOUNG CITIZEN November, 1939 HISTORY SECTION THE HISTORY OF THANKSGIVING DAY WITH American Indians as guests of honor, around tables loaded with wild turkeys and venison, wild fruits from the forest, and com-bread and vegetables from their new gardens, the Pilgrims celel:irated. their first American Thanksgiving festival in October, 1621, in the Massachusetts Colony on the northeastern coast of the United States. That was at the same time as the early days of Philippine history under the Spanish regime. It seems to have been a period of exploration and colonization in various parts of the world by some of the foremost countries of Eurqpe. · But let us go back to our history of that first Thanksgiving Day of the Pilgrims. A quaint old account thus describes the occasion.: "Our harvest being gotten in, our governcir sent four men hunting fowls (turkeys), so that we might after a more special manner rejoice together after we had gathered the fruit of our labors. The four men in one day killed as many fowls, as with other things beside, served as food for our company almost a week." Many of the American Indians, among them Chief Massasoit, the Pilgrims' friend and ally, joined in the three days of feasting. There was plenty of roast turkey, for the fowlers found "great store" of the now famous Thanksgiving bird in the neighboring woods. Although we read of feasts and of "thanksgiving days" being observed during each year, it is not until ten years later that we find record of a celebration such as is now kept on Thanksgiving Day. In the fir.st year of his office, George Washington, first president of the United States, issued a proclamation recommending that November 26, 1789, be kept as a day of "national thanksgiving" for the establishment of a form of govenment that made for safety and-happiness. In 1864 President Lincoln issued a prodamation in which he "appointed and set aside" the last Thu~sday in November _as a day of national thanksgiving. Since Lincoln's time; each president has set aside the last Thursday of Novem~er for a like festival, so that Thanksgiving Day is now as firmly fixed a national festival in the United States as the Fourth of July. The proclamation is u.sually followed by one issued by. the governor of each state. The observance of Thanksgiving Day has spread to some extent to the Philip. pines, where it is a legal holiday, and to some other countries as well. Although Thanksgiving Day is an American institution, harvest festivals have been known since time immemoriaJ. It was long customary in England and elsewhere to hold special days. to celebrate with "thanksgiving and feasting" Nature's annual bounty and other marks of God'g favor. The front cover of this issue of The You11u Citize11 reflects the spirit of preparation for an early Thanksgiving feast by the early Pilgrims. The dress. illustrated was characteristic of the time. The well:filled basket cont;ins fruits and vegetables for the Thanksgiving dinner, for which there is to be pumpkin pie and roast turkey as illustrated by the artist. · THE YOUNG CITIZEN WHO WERE THE PILGRIMS? THE great American festival, Thanksgiving Day, was established by the Pilgrims who went to America in 1620. To understand who these Pilgrims were and why they went to America we must go back to the north of England and to ·about the year 1600. There, in• the village of Scrooby, a group of people gathered together who wished to enjoy religious freedom. In thus following the dictates ~f their conscience, they defied the laws of the realm, and for this they suffered heavy penalties and persecutions. Because of on September 6, 1620. It is difficult today to realize the hardships and perils of that voyage. One man died, and a baby was born during the voyage which ..yas very rough and stormy. At last, on November 19, 1620, .they reached the bleak and desolate shores of North America where Massachusetts is now situated. There they landed and founded a sctttement: It was these peop;e ·who celebrated the first Thanksgiving Day. REVIEW I. When did the Pilgrims go to America? 2. In w h a t country did the Pilgrims first live? these persecutions they were forced to leave England. There was on.e country where they knew they wou Id not be persecuted-that was Hol_land. Afte r some difficulties they managed to escape to Holland Pilgrims Going Jo Church 3. Why had they grouped themselves together? in 1608. They went to Leyden in Holland and there established a settlement. But though they found freedom in Holland, it was not really home to them. Life was very hard. So after long discussions_ , it was d.ecided to go to the wild country of the N ew World. After necessary permission had been granted, they went to England and found a ship, the 2vfayflowu, waiting for them. More persons joined their group in England, so th.ere were I 02 in all aboard the cWnyflou:er. The i\llflyflvw er set sail from the harbor of Plymouth, England, 4. Why did they leave England ? 5. Where did they go from England? 6. Why did they not wish to remaio in Holland? 7. Where did they decide to go after leaving Holland? 8. In what ship did they sail to America? 9. How many persons were in the company? . IO. Where did they settle in America? It is suggested that you read A T ha11kJqivi11r; Story on page 397 of"this issue of (Please turn to page 422.) THE YOUNG CITIZEN November, 1939 SOME IMPORTANT BIRTHDAYS AND EVENTS OF NOVEMBER Check the five which interest you most; then go to the library and read about each of the five which you have checked. I: All Saints'. Day. The Constitution of Biak-Na-Bato was approved, 1897. 2:. The first public radio broadcast was • made, 1920. 3: Jose Rizal was brought to Manila for trial and martyrdom, 1898. 4: Jaime de Veyra was born, 1873.· Associate Ju0 stice Carlos A. Imperial was born, 1880. 5: Former Justice Malcolm was born, 1881. Assemblyman Enrique Magalona was born, 1891. 6: Assemblyman Leonardo Festin was born, 1886. 7: Madame Curie, discoverer· of radium, was born, 1867. Assemblyman Vicente Agan was born, 1895. 8: Women first voted in a national elec- / tion in the Philippines, 1938. 9: The late Teodoro Y angco, philanthropist, was born, 1861. Assemblyman Teodoro Ca~acho was born, 1884. I 0: The former German Kaiser, W.ilhelm II, fled from Germany to Holland, 1918. 11: The World War armistice was declared, 1918. Assemblyman Narciso Ramos was born, 1900. 12: The Holland Tunnel was opened with 52,000 vehicles using it on the first day of operation, 1927. 13: Robert Louis Stevenson, author, was born, 1850. 14: Robert Fulton, inventor of the steamboat, was born, 1765. Gregorio del Pilar was born, 1875. 15: The Philippine Commonwealth was inaugurated, 1935. 16: The Suez Canal was opened, 1869. 17: Col. Juan Dominguez was born, 1881. 18: Galli-Curci, operatic singer, was born, 1889. 19: Abraham Lincoln delivered his Gettysburg Address," 1863. 20: Thomas Chatterton, author, was born, 1752. 21: Legaspi's expedition sailed for the Philippines from Mexico, 1564. 22: Festival of Saint Cecilia, patroness of musicians and the blind. · 23: Clemente Jose Zulueta, historian, was born, 1876. Dr .. Henry Wade, leprologist, was born, 1886. 24": The railroad from Manila to Dagupan was completed, 1892. . 25: Andrew Carnegie, steel magnate •and philanthropist, was born, 1835. 26: A circus train burned in Mexico, killing 14 persons and releasing elephants, lions, jaguars, and other wild animals, 1930. 27: Assemblyman Vicente T. Lazo was born, 1897. 28: The first United States Government post office was established, 1783. Assemblyman Gregorio Perfecto was born, 1891. 29: The China Clipper arrived at Manila, completing the first tr~ns Pacific flight, 1935. 30: National Hero's Day. Mark 'fwain, famous humorist, was born, 1835. Andres Bonifacio was born, 1863. November, 1939 THE KITTEN (Continued from page 395) forgotten how to talk kitten talk. I played with the puppy dogs so much that all I can .say is bow-wow, bow-wow." "Is that the trouble?" s a id Mrs. Nanny-Goat. ·"I'll teach you how to talk. Listen at this. Ba-a-a! Ba-a-a!" Little Kitty-Kat shook her head and began to cry again. "No, no," she said. "That's not the way to talk kitten talk." "That's the way I learned to talk," said Mrs. Nanny- Goat. "Whatever is good enough for me is good enough for you." "But I want to talk kitten talk," said Kitty-Kat. Mrs.· Nanny-Goat said no more, but went jumping and runnin.g away. Presently Mrs. Moo-Cow came along. "What's the matter?" said Mrs. Moo-Cow .. "Has somebody been teasing you?'' "No, Mrs. Moo-Cow. THE YOUNG CITIZEN "Yes, she did," said Kitty-Kat, "but I played with the puppy dogs so much that all I can say is bowwow, bow-wow. I've forgotten how to talk kitten talk. Will. you show me, Mrs. Moo-Cow?" "Of course I'll show you how. I teach my little calves how to talk. Listen to this. Moo, moo," said Mrs. Moo-Cow. "It begins all right·but it doesn't end 1 i ke kitten t~lk," said little Kitty-Kat. "Can't you tell me how kittens talk?" "That's the way my calves learn to talk," said Mrs. Moo-Cow. "You should be glad to talk that way." "But I can't," said KittyKat. "My mothe~ wouldn't know me if I did." "Moo, moo,,,1 said Mrs. Moo-Cow, as she walked away. CROSS-WORD PUZZLE (Answers from page 412) 2 3 4 Nothing is the matter except that Mrs. Nanny-Goat was trying to teach me to talk," answered the little 2 N A A c I L R E kitten. "What! A great big· kit- 3 ten like you just learning to talk! Surely· your mother taught you how long ago," 4 said Mrs. Moo-Cow. · I L R I s E s s Just then along came Gentleman Rabbit. "My goodness me sakes alive and- some peanut pancakes on the multiplication tables! Why are you crying, little Meow?" he asked. Little Kitty-Kat jumped and began to smile thr"ough her tears. "Meow, meow, meow! That's the way to talk kitten talk. Meow, meow, ·meow!" Mother Kat came running to where Kitty-Kat was. "What do you want?" said Mother Kat. "Meow, meow, meow!" said little Kitty-Kat, rubbing her head against her mother. "What is the matter, Gentleman Rabbit? Why did she cry?" asked Mother Kat. "I do not know," said Gentleman Rabbit. "Will you tell us, Kitty-Kat?" "I had forgotten how to talk kitten talk," the little kitten answered. "I played with the puppy dogs so much that all I could say was bow-wow, ·bow-wow. So when Mrs. WibbleWabble, and others came by, I asked them how, but they couldn't .talk kitten talk. I didn't know what to do until Mr. Gentleman Rabbit came along and called me little Meow. (Please turn' to page 418.) THE YOUNG CITIZEN November, 1939 SOME RIDDLES FOR FOURTH GRADERS (.1111swers from page 410) 1. Ink 2. Chickens 3. Kite 4. Calendar 5. Wind THE KITTEN (Cont;nued from page 417) Then I remembered how to talk kitten talk. Meow, meow, meow! I'll never play with the puppy dogs again."-Adapted. SOME QUESTIONS I. Did you like this story? Why? 2. Why were the duck, the goat, and the cow not able to teach the kitten how to talk? 3. Why did the duck, the goat, and the cow think they knew how to teach the kitten to talk? .4. When a cat is young what is it called? 5. When a duck is young what is it called? 6. When a·goat is young what is. it called> 7. When a cow is young what is it called? DICK WHITTINGTON ( Co11ti11ued _from page 401) 17. What did the captain tell the King? · 18. What did the captain do with Dick's cat? 19. What did the King give the captain? 20. What did the rich merchant tell Dick? 21. What offer did Dick make to the rich merchant? 22. Whom did Dick marry when he was grown? 23. What official did Dick become? 24. Who is the mayor of a city? 25. Did you like this story? Why? 26. Do you think Dick was a good boy? Why? 27. Was he a kind boy? How do you know? 28. Was Dick an honest boy? Why do you think so? FRANCISCO'S LESSONS (Co11tinu'ed from page 403) cident, and at the same time learn the two valuable lessons which Francisco learned. QUESTIONS 1. What was the lesson in safety which Francisco learned? 2. How did disobedience and carelessness cause Francisco to suffer? 3. What is the second lesson which Francisco learned? 4. Was it difficult for Francisco to do what his principal asked him to do·? 5. What do you learn from this story? 29. Do you think this story oc;curred.a long time ago or recently? 30. What kind of man do you think Dick became? Why? November, 1939 SAVORY DISHES (Co11tin1ud from page 413) wash the fish. If they are sma11, it is better to wrap them in pieces of banana leaf. Place the fish wrapped in banana leaf in a clay or a porcela;n pot. Add a small amount of salt water -just enough to prevent the fish from burning and to have a few tablespoonfuls left after cooking. Cover the pot. Cook slowly from 15 to 20 minutes. Serve with calamansi. Camias or green tamarind may. be placed in the pot and boiled with the fish. This adds flavor and produces an acid taste to the fish. THE YOUNG CITIZEN GOOD YOUNG CITIZEN (Co11ti11ued from page +04) YOUNG CITlzEN Is ORDERLY. Amando does not take things which do not belong to him. He returns anything left on a desk. He does not copy the work of his neighbors in school. In examinatioris he does not cheat in order to secure high grades. A GooD YOUNG CmzEN Is HONEST. If Amando is asked a question, he always tells the truth. Sometimes it is hard to do this, but he will not lie. A GOOD YOUNG CITIZEN Is TRUTHF.UL. One day after the class Boiled Rice was dismissed, as Amando Get one cup of rice and was going home. he passed three-fourths of a cup of a tienda. He put his ·hand water. in his pocket to get some Wash the rice two times money; he thou_ght he with cold water. Drain and would buy so.me candy. But put in a pot. Add three- he said to himself, "Mothfourths of a cup of cold er has cooked a nice dinner water. Cover and bring to . for me. I will not eat a boil. When boiling, low- between· meals." So he er the fire and let it cook very slowly until the rice is .saved his money. A GOOD well cooked. From 10 to YOUNG CITiz.EN Is 12 minutes is required. It is better to cook the rice without washing it, because Vitamin B, minerals, proteins, and fat ·are washed away during the process of washing. THRIFTY. These are some of the things which a good young citizen does. Any boy or girl can do such things as these, and· be classed as a good young citizen. Try LARGEST INSTRUMENT (Contittued from page 407) 9. What can you say qf improvements _in modern pipe organs? 10. Is the pipe qrgan a d i ff i cu 1 t instrument to play?' Why? 11. What did Dr. Eliot say about a. performer on a pipe organ? 12. The playing of a pipe organ compares with the possible performance of what group of musicia,ns? 13. What use is made of electricity in a. modern pipe organ? 14. Tell how the pipes of an organ are arranged. Where may they be placed? 15. Have you heard a large pipe organ? 16. Have you seen one? 17. Would you like to learn to play a pipe organ? to be like Amando, Perhaps you can do even better. SO:V!ETHING TO 00 AND TO THINK ABOUT I. Make. a list of the statements in this article about a good young citizen. Memorize those statements. 2. What can you do io observe each of those statements? Think about what Amando 4id. 420 THE YOUNG CITIZEN November, 1939 THE FUNNY PAGE THANKSGIVING STORY (Continued from page 399) The governor went to the ·barrel, and scooped up a small portion of me a I. '!This is the last 'of our corn," he .said sadly, as he looked at Mrs. Freeman. Mrs. Freeman said promptly, "Let Roger Clapp have the last of the meal, by all means. What say you, neighbors?" -"Yes, let him haVe it," was the general response. The g\)vernor put the meal in a dish and was about to hand it to Clapp, when there was a knock at the door. Before the sepvant could open it, Samuel Garrett, the ten-year-oldson of Mrs. Garrett, rushed in. "Your Excellency," said Samuel breathlessly, "the ship Lyon has come." The company, startled, could scar~ely believe him. "Is this true?" said the governor. "How do you know?" "Your Excellency, I am speaking the truth," the boy replied. "I was down on the shore just now, and when I looked across the bay, I saw a great ship entering the harbor. As I ran to bring you· word, I 1 heard a man say that Captain Pierce was being THE YOUNG CITIZEN rowed ashore." Before anyone co u I d speak, . a lo~d knock was heard at the door. When the servant opened it, Captain Pierce stood there. Governor Winthrop rushed to him and seized him by both hands. "Never was man or ship more welcome! Willi.am Pierce! May God be thanked!" said the governor. All er owded around Pierce, the captain of the ship Lyon, and greeted him with joyous and grateful exclamations. "Your Excellency," said Captain Pierce,' "I have the honor to report the safe arrival of the ship Lyon." "An hour ago. we had well nigh given you up,'' said the governor. "We met with many un-· forseen delays ·on our voyage,'' said the captain. "We encountered many storms. One was so severe that one of our sailors was washed overboard. We could well imagine what you must be suffering in our absence. I, too, thank Heaven we have arrived." "Have you food and provisions on board?" one of colonists asked. "Yes, truly, we have 421. plenty,'' said the captain. "We have flour and beans and oatme~l; we have dried beef and smoked· pork and cheese and dried f~uits, plenty for all." At these words, all in the company showed great relief. "If Your Excellency will ask a few men to volunteer to go and unload the Lyon we shall have everybody fed within an hour,'' suggested the ca p.tain. · Ten-year-old Samu e I said eagerly, "I will volunteer." Everyone laughed. Captain Pierce patted the boy on the shoulder and said, "You shall come down to the ship with me. There is plenty fot a bright boy to do as well as for the men." Governor Winthrop raised . his hand and said slowly, "Friends, I will . now proclaim not a day of fasting and prayer, but a day of praise and thanksgiving for our deliverance. Thank God, we are saved. However great the destiny that may await our colony struggling here in the wilderness, this day must never be forgotten. ·Tomorrow will be our Thanksgiving Day."-Adapted from The: Grade 'Teacher. 422 BIRD INFORMATION (Co11ti1111ed from page 408) makes the foot convenient for walking. as well as for swimming. Birds are 1tudied all over the world. Their cheerful songs, bright colors, and many pleasing ways are all very attractive·. Birds are also very valuable because 'they destroy many injurious insects. The study of the ·distribution of bird shows some are found all over the world and others in two or more different regions, but most species of birds are found in only one geographic region. When we study the. birds of the East Indian Islands (of which the Philippines are a part), we discover son1e . very strange facts about the distribution of birds. A part of the East Indian Islands lies in the Australian region and a part in the Indian region; the line between the two is very sharp. Thus the islands of Bali and Lombok (in the Malay Archipelago just east of Java), though but 20 miles apart, differ as greatly in their animal life as do Africa and South America. This indicates that the· two islands were separated ages ago, and the deep strait between them is the dividing line between Asia and what was a.nee the THE YOUNG CITIZEN BIRD OF THANKSGIVING (Continued from page 409) REVIEW I. Where did the early colonists of America find the first turkeys? 2. Describe the turkey. 3. Tell of the habits of the turkey-hen. 4. Tell of the care of young turkeys. 5. What turkeys were the ancestors of the present domestic turkey? 6. Are any turkeys grown in the Philippines? Australian continent. And so we find a· difforence in the birds of the two divisions. There are today between 13,000 and 14,000 species of birds found in the world. These are classified and grouped, just as the books in a library are classified and placed on shelves according to their contents. Just as in the library the books are not arranged according to their size or the colors of their covers, so with birds-their classification is made actording to the structure rather - than upon similarity in appearance. REVIEW I. What is an invertebrate? 2- Is a bird an invertebrate? 3. Millions of years ago November, i 939 THE PILGRIMS (Continued from page 415) The Young Citizen, and then answer the following: ]·]. Did the early cola-· nists have sufficient food? Why not? 12. What happened to ·many of the colonists? 13. What kind of weather did the colonists experience? 14. To whom did the colon is ts go for food? 15. Did they receive food from the Indians? Why not? 16. Where had· the colonists sent for food? 17. Did the food ship finally return? 18. Do you think the~e colonists were brave? 19. Did they develop into a great nation? 20. What nation did they become? 21. Do you think that settlement has influenced the Philippines in any way? How? 22. Read again all the Thanksgiving material in this issue of The Young Citizen, and then answer all of these questions. Your teacher will help you with any which present difliculty. what animals were the ancestors of birds? 4. Tell why there is a difference in the feet of birds. Sea -Side Vacation By PILAR CAPARROS ( r 1 rear~ old) LAST vacation l visited my aunt who lives near the ocean. Many times I went to the beach looking for interesting things. · Once the tide went out and left a big pond of water. Different kinds of fish were trapped in the pond. Some of the fish were of different colors-green, yellow, red, and blue. People caught them and used them for food. At another place when the tide was low I saw different kinds of co r a 1 s. These were so- interesting t_hat I took pieces for my collection. During the vacation I collected a basketful of different kinds of sea-shells. They were of beautiful shapes and markings. I got some kinds of shells which I had never seen before. When I returned home I took several baskets of interesting things. THE YOUNG CITIZEN Our Wise Owl Club By JOSE BAB!ERA ( 13 yearS old) IN our seventh grade at school we organized a Wise Owl Club. First, each pupil made a booklet shaped and colored brown like an owl. On a large p i e c e of cardboard we painted a picture of a tree which we fastened to the wall. On the top limb of our tree we drew a picture of an owl with ·spectacles on; the owl was reading a book. In large letters were the words BE WISE; READ GOOD BOOKS. Each pupil fastened to the tree his owl booklet on which was written his name. Whene'ver any one in the Wise Owl Club read a book-even a short book with easy words-he wrote the name of the book in his owl booklet. Then that pupil gave to the class an oral report of an interesting part of the book he had read. In order to be a member of the Wise Owl Club a 423 Poultry Raisinc;r By VIRGILIO BALAGOT ( 14 years old) IN June I began to raise poultry. As~ start I bought seven hens and two roosters. Every day I feed them and give them water to drink. Once a week I clean the poultry yard which is the place for the chickens to get exercise. I set some of my hens, and after a while I had twenty little chicks. I did not succeed so well with them, because seventeen little chicks died. Also three of my hens died and one rooster, but I shall continue and will be more successful when I have had more experience in poultry ·raising which I find very interesting. pupil had to read at least one book every six weeks. If he did not, he lost membership in the club, and his QWl booklet was removed from the tree. THE YOUNG CITIZEN November, 1939 j~'~_C_H_A_T_S~w_it_h_th_e __ E_D_I_T_O_R_-~l THIS chat is addressed to writers-young and old. If you have ever written anything for publication, or if you think you might write anything for publication, the Editor asks yqu to read this chat. But· first of all, let us stop a mo~ent and reflect that this is the month when everyone who is under the protection of the flag of the United States observes, at least to some extent, that great American holiday known as Thanksgiving Day. The Philippines, as a nation, has every reason to be thankful at the present moment. No war, no great disaster, and employment and food for the great · majority of all who live her.e - in short, I know of no other part of the world in better condition than we are in right now. So this year to a greater extent, perhaps, than ever before let us give thanks for our happy and prosperous condition as a nation. Now for the chat with writers and would-be writers: Don't forget that the Editor of The Young Citizen always wants to secure suitable material for publication, and that good articles will be paid for. We are dependent largely upon our Philippine writers for worth-while material. and ideas for this maga. zine. C'nless teachers and capable friends of our magazine help us by producing suitable, worth-while material for publication, we cannot give to the young people-the boys and girls -of the Philippines such an excellent magazine as we are now pri~ting. Just now· the. Editor would like to receive more short stories.-Little Stol"ies fol" Little P.eoplefrom 100 to 200 words in lepgth. We would like to publish more stories such as Gloria's Sacrifice which appeared in the September, 1939, number of The Y ounq Citizen. (Wasn't that ~ beautiful story!) Also, we would li.ke to have some longer stories to use in the section known as Reading Time for Young Folks. Any length of story -from 200 to 2,000 words -will do if the story is interesting and wholeso,;,e. We are always wanting clever material for primary grades. Every primary teacher in the Philippines is able to write some good material of this nature. Why not send us several artides and earn a few ext~·a pesos? · There are many other kinds of articles, too, which we can use. We suggest that again you read.the Announcement 'to All w,.iters on the inside front cover of this magazine, and then prepare us an article. But, writers, please do not expec.t your article to appear in print immediately after it is accepted. We plan our magazine several months in advance of the date of issue, so sometimes we wait a long time pefore publishing a certain article, even though that article may be excellent. If you send in an article you will hear from it sooner or later, and if it is a good article, or one which we can use (sometimes we cannot use even good articles), y.ou will see it in print, but probably not as soon as you expect. The Editor appreciates. very much the splendid contributions which have been sent in during the past few months. We extend our thanks to the writers.· Community Publishers, Inc. wishes you one and all a happy Thanksgiving vacation. Goodbye. - The Editor. Announcement to· All Our Young Readers: Dia you ever do something interesting nnd worth while? Have you had any experience in doing any of the following: U) Collecting Philippine Shells, (2) "Hunting Tul'lles, (3) Expl9ring a Volcano, (4) Catching Sharks, (6) Making an Aquarium, (6) Collecting Postage Stamps, (7) Visiting Famous. Churches of the Philippines, (8) Making a Garden, (9) Raising Flowers, (10) Making Candies, (11) Bui'l.ding a Sail ~oat, (12) Hunting for Wild Animals, (13) Baking Bread or Cakes, (14) Mak, ing Ai'ticles of Clothing, .(15) M<1king Articles of Furniture, (16) Visiting the A,quarium ip Manila, (17) Collecting Moths and Butterflies, (18) Collecting Interesting Botameal Specimens, (19) Raising Orehids, (20) Visiting Primitive. Peoples .in the Philippines, or doi~g many other interesting things. WRITE ABOUT IT IN A SHORT COMPOSITION. Send your composition to The Young Citizen. Each month the Editor of Tlit Young Citizen 1\\"ill publish as man!' of the best compositions as spa~e will permit. If rour composition is accepted for publication, you will become a member of The What-Are-You-Doing? Club. The ~ules for securing membership are simple. OBSERVE THE FOLLOWING RULES: 1. Write about something interesting which you have done, such as thf' above titles suggest. Do not write .a story which is not true. If your story is accepted, you are a member of the Club. 2. On your composition write your name and address VERY PLAINLY. 3. State your age. 4. Tell what you liked Lest in recent issues of The Young Citizen. Address all letters to: The What-Are-You-Doing? Club C~re of Community Publishers, Inc. Pu]llishers of The Young Citizen P. 0. Box 685. Manila, Philippines ,, I 'J For service and satisfactio111 ·1t:rite r11:ith·' ·The mo;,t practical fountain pen you can bur\Tersatile--it writes well on any kind of paper-rough, .;mooth, thin, thick, wrapping, or blotting paper. lt can ea'."\ily make four carbon copies. J} fi~s a~y hand- stand:. rough hand!ing-dra\\";, lines, without ..;.me~ring the ruler. f/ with ink. . ..... - Prices: from 1*3.00 to f*-..j..50 (Add 25 centa\·os for po..;.tage) I nkograph fountain pens are the product of wel!-kno\\·n American manufacturers lNKOG RAP H C011PANY, lNC., New York,' U. S. A. SfJlri t>xdusivt'fs b)· COMMUNITY PUBLISHERS, INC. 122 Cr~ ~ta l Arcade Escolta, :\I anila The Uses of THE YOUNG CITIZEN .Jppna•nl in .-lend. Bull: NfJ. 11, .rnies 1935 The Director of Education, ;n his letter-. of 0o\ . ..j., 1937 and J an. q, 1939, indirnted the follo\\"ing points: I. The YOUNG C lT L ZEl\ i~ ide:;I for audi.ence reading, group projects, and the like. 2. The YOUNG C IT IZEN can be of much help U1 encoura!:!;ing reading habits on a ,·oluntary ba:-is. 3. Authority is given for the placing of one or more subscriptions for every ~ clas.m1v111 (including harrio schools) of Grade II and above . ..j. . I n addition to subscriptions for classrooms, several subscriptions mar be placed for the libra~y, and one for the Home Economics Building and one for the shop building. 5. The YOUNG C lT l ZEN being the only magazine ever published in the P hilippines fo r children, the Bureau of Education has taken much interest in its development. 6. Subscriptions to magazine intended for pupils should be on full year basis. Price r'2.30 net a year. COMMUNITY PUBLISHERS, INC. 1fANILA ··•, ',