The Young Citizen : the magazine for young Filipinos

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Part of The Young Citizen: The Magazine for Young People

Title: The Young Citizen : the magazine for young Filipinos
Issue Date: Volume 6 (Issue No. 2) February 1940
Year: 1940
Language: English
Rights
extracted text: APJ(I v? v'. b Announcement to All Writers:" We Will Pay· You for writing articles of merit for publication in THE YO~G CITIZEN. We want interesting children's stories from 200 to SOO words in length; also games, reading device.s, articles of hi'it~rical interest, elementary science and health articles, puzzfe9, jokes, and playle11. We also ,..isb to buy s~eral good serial stories. Interesting stories less than 200 words in length are deliired for Little People. You can add to your income by writing for us. • Primary Tilac:bers: We especially desire various kinds <if interesting material suitable for. First. Second. and ~ Grade Pupils. We will pay teachers and others for material which we can use. Each 8.rticle should be written in clear, easy, correct English, on one side of the paper, typewritten if possible, or written by hand neatly and legibly. The article should be submitted with a self-addressed stamped envelope, other"jf wise the publishers will not return it to the writer in case it cannot be used. [;,t Address all communication• to: The Managing Editor The Young Citizen Care of Community Publishers, Inc. P. 0. Box 685, Manila, Philippines ~Elfil;i~utiA:'"-~~IN*'A-™™li'·»amguug:i;m~ I 9 4 0 • For First Graders Reading Test-Pablo M. Cuasay ....... , , , , .... , , .......... , .. , .. , . , . 48 What Do They Give Us?-Pahlo M. Cuasay • , , , , •••... , •••••• , , • • • • • • 49 • For Second Graders Ao Ezercise in Reading and Recognizing Objects-Felisa Jahontlt • • • • • • 50 Matching Pictures and Sentencea-Angtl P. Cam1>01 . . . . . . • • . . . . . • • • • .. 51 • For Third Graders The Noisy Newsboy; Learning to Use Run and Ran-Teresa B. Calimlim The Busy Postman; What Can You Do1-Mazimo M. Muiioz ........ . • Stories • • • • • • Delfin Makes a Valentine-Adaj>ted ...... , , ........ , .......... , , . , , . Naughty Cottoo-Yicenta A. Lacsamana , •..• , • , •• , •••••• , •••. , •.•..•. Why the Owl Sleeps All Day-Angel V. Campoy .... , ...... , , , ......• Candido'• Old Belt-Rup,.rto Sarmiento ••• , , •••• ; •••• , , ••••••• , ••• , ••• The Monkey and the Clam-Jou C. Zosa ••• , •. , •.••• , •••••••• ~ .•..••• White Patch-Constantino Monttmayor ••••.• , . , •••••••••••..• , . , •.••• Poems Land of Peace-Si.rttr Gahritl •••••••• , •.••••• , .•••• : ••.••• .' .••.••.•••• Night-B,.ato A. de la Crur.; My Valentine-Juanita D. Filamor,· FebM;0;.:!;;;~:,~/:,,4.i'if%;!T : : : :: : : : : : ::: :: : : : : : : : : : : :'::: :: :: : : ::::~: Barrio Life-Jr,.nta Tonto ••••• , , .••• , .• , , •••••• , •••••.• , •..•••••..•• History Washington, the Father of Hi1 Country .....••••. · ............•.......• . Events in Philippine History-Timot .. o S. Or•cion •••••••• , ••••••••••• Music Appreciation Handel, Compo1er of Oratorios-Bert Paul Oshors •• , ...... , .••.•• , , • , • Elementary Science Arte1ian Well1 .............•......•.......••......••.•.•..••.......• Tbe Monarch of the Jungle ......•...................•.............•. Character and Citizenship February-Dr. I. Panla1ig11.i ••••.••.•••.•••.••.• , ••..•••• , ...... , •••.• Know Your Flap--Lt. Jou A. Pandy • , , •.••.••••••.••......•••.•..• The Kindne11-to-Animal1 Club-G.rrcuzcia Guarin •.•.•.•.••••.•.•..••• Health and Safety Fresh Air and Healthy Bodie1 .................•.•.........•........ , Ten Health Colilrgandments ; ................................•......• 52 " 54 55 56 J7 58 .. 47 60 7S 8S 72 7S 68 66 67 46 61 64 71 78 -t• Work and Play Some Foreign Dishes . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . • • • 74 The Funny Page . • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . 75 Spelling a Holiday-M. ftl. Muii.or:; A Valentine Game-Alicia N,.briaga 76 Curious Arithmetic-Pablo M. Cuasay; Blowing Tbrbugh Gla11 . . . . . . . . 11 Musical Que1tion1-El .. na Albert; Tagging Game-Lourdes L. Galeno; j Q;: ~ j Some Riddles for Young ·Pupils-Pablo M. Cuasa1 ••.••...•.•...• , • . • 78 What-Are-You-Doing? Club ....................... : . . . . . . . . . . . . . •. . BS Chats with the Editor .. , , ............. , , ..... , . , . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 nthb' i': s~~=~n:air'1J"!8::.1'9~t 1~~· z.\~~1~ry~!! t~:'·o:=s:~·1:.1•19~':: : JoN B. Romiro; Manaains Editor: Bert Pau.I 01bon; Contributlnl i and QtrirWo A. Cru1; Staff Artist: P«Jro P.,vi&; Buahla1 Manqer: : Pa.oo for one :rear ot lZ i•oes 1 sz.oo In tha United State11 and :fonlp !Jle CIOD:t'o 30 eentaYOI. Stlb.,.riptioftl care to bis paid to Comm11nit11" PubU.hers, l•i:. a1111av1.;;se21;;as.i.w;;.i11;rm.1s...s.rn. THE YOUNG CITIZEN February, 1940 THE MESSAGE THIS MONTH FEBRUARY FEBRUARY is a famous month. Three very great men were born in February. Two of them were Americans, Washington and Lincoln; and the thfrd was a Filipino, Jose Burgos. Washington was a great man. The Americans call him the Father of their country. · He fought against the British to make his people free from the rule of England. He was the general of. the American .army. After the American people had been freed from Eng·· fand, they chose Washington as their first president. Washington was a brave man.· He loved his people. Lincoln was another great American. He was very very kind.· Ue was kind to ariimals. He was kind t~ all people. He was kind to the Negro slaves in America. He made them free. Now there are no more Negro slaves. Lincoln was one of the great American presidents. He was a great man. Burgos was a great Filipino. · He was a man who loved his people and his God. He was a teacher. He loved children and young people. Because of his love for his country, he was killed by his enemies. Burgos was also a great man.' February has three great men-Washington, Lin" coln, and Burgos. These three were great because they loved not themselves but what they believed to be right and good for their people. True greatness is not the result of wealth or of power. True greatness comes from character, goodness, and love. -DR. I. PANLASIGUI February, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 47 A POEM FOR THIS MONTH LAND OF PEACE By SISTER GABRIEL WHERE crystal lakes with waters sparkling pure, . And orchids wild men's restive steps allure; Where azure seas, green hills, and fertile pl.ains are seen, And distant mountain tops that rise between, A sacred trust in nature's heart is signed. Our banner flings her message to the skies, To our beloved land in accents clear replies, 'While other lands their cities guard in hate, · ·A Tower of Peace to God we'll dedicate, A pledge of trust and faith in all mankind." 0 Prince of Peace, in benediction bend, Bestow Thy charity; Thy guidance lend. Proclaim this land of peace the better way To universal brotherhood, we pray. Assure a war-tom world that strife can cease; God, grant that from these realms they learn goodwill and peace. THE YOUNG CITIZEN FOR FIRST GRA,pERS R~ADING TEST By PABLO M. CUASAY Draw a line under your answer: Where does it live? in the air in the water in the forest What builds this? rats chickens birds What does it eat? · cake ·water grass Where does it fly? in the water on land in the air When do you use this? when it rains at night going to church What is it good for? to eat to play with to catch What can it do? can swim can cut can paste ·Who catches it? tailor fisherman carpenter How is this used? to lie on to stand pn to sit on Who has this? a monkey a chicken a carabao February, 1940 February, 1940 TH!: YOUNG CITIZEN 49 WHAT DO THEY GIVE US? By PABLO M .. CUASAY• Select your answers to the blanks below from the following words: fruits, eggs, rides, meat, shade, shelter, wool, milk, wind, heat. ·""'""'' ~ .......... '"''-'" ..... --:· .. 1. Cow gives us 2. Sheep 'gives us 3. Horse .gives us 4. Hen gives us S. Pig gives us 6. Umbrella gives us 7. Fan gives us 8. Goat gives us 9. Trees gives us * Principal, Cabugao Elementary School, Ilocos Sur. 50 THE YOUNG CITIZEN February, 1940 FOR SECOND GRADERS AN· EXERCISE IN READING AND RECOGNIZING OBJECTS By FELISA JABONETE • I. 2. Write the number of the picture that answers each group of sentences below. 1. I am an insect.' I hop from grass to grass .. I like to have a good time. I do not like to gather food. What am I? ---'---2. ·I am busy all the day long. I do not like to play. I want to gather food for the dry season. I make my home in the ground. What am I? ----3. I am a tree. "I have many branches. •Teacher, Calbiga Elementary School, Samar. (.~-=:}<. } . . J - - ... ; 5. ~y leaves are small and round. I give you shade. You like to play under me. I ai;n an tree. 4. I am round. You see me in the sky. You get heat and light from me. Sometimes I am behind the dark clouds. I am the ----5. I rove over the land and over the sea. I look pale and sad. Sometimes I am round. Sometimes I am like a comb. I give you light at night. I am Lady - - - - (Jnswm, on page 88) February, 1940 fHE YOUNG CITIZEN 51 FOR SECOND GRADERS MATCHING PICTURES AND SENTENCES By ANGEL V. CAMPOY• IN the blank after each sentence write the number of the picture which matches that sentence. The fish swims in the sea. -1 see three eggs in the nest. -A ripe mango is sweet. -*Head Teacher, Maslog Primary School, Sibulan, Negros Oriental. The rose is very pretty. -A tree is in our garden. -Milk is good for us. -.1 stay in the house if it rains. -The carabao is very strong. -Mother cooks rice for dinner. -52 THE YOUNG CITIZEN February, 1940 FOR THIBD GRADERS THE NOISY NEWSBOY PAPERS! Papers! Latest papers! Herald, Tribune, Press, and Sun; You get the very latest news In each and ev'ry one. Read a paper-then you'll know, 'Most .ev'rything that's done. LEARNING TO USE RUN AND RAN By TERESA B. CALIMLIM ONE day I went into the woods. A rabbit ran through the grass. My dog ran after the rabbit. I ran after the dog. The dog could run very fast. But the ·rabbit was able to run faster than the dog. So the dog stopped running. I stopped running, too. SOMETHING TO DO Write run or ran or running in each blank. 1. A rabbit through faster than the dog. the grass. 5. The dog stopped 2. My dog after the so I stopped , too; rabbit. 3. The dog could very 6. The rabbit but the fast. dog did not any more, 4. The rabbit was a b1e to for he was tired of MAKING SENTENCES 1. Can you make a sentence using the word run in it? 2. Can you make another u s - ing the word ran in it? 3. Make another and use the word running in it. February, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 53 FOR THIRD GRADERS THE BUSY POSTMAN· THE postman is a busy man In ev'ry kind of weather; He brings .the mail for ev'ryone, For big and small together. It's time he's coming to the gate-I wonder if the postman's late. WHAT CAN YOU . DO? By MAXIM<! M. MUl'IOZ Che~k each sentence which tells 5. I can climb a tree. something you can do. 6. I can eat a banana. 1. I can read· my lesson, 7. I can fly a kite. 2. I can sing a song. 8. I can walk fast. 3. I can run a race. 9. I can make a shoe. 4. I can see the wind. 10. I can play ball. ANSWER WITH YES OR NO 1. Can you help Mother? 2., Can you tell your name? 3. Can you read The Young Citizen? 4. Can you take care of Baby? 5. Can you go on errands? 6. Can you help your teacher? 7. Can you drive an auto? 8. Can you work in the garden? WHAT EACH DOES Fill in the blanks. 4. Sister a book. 1. Mother the dinner. 5. Brother to the 2. Father earns mopey by store. 3. Baby on the bed. 6. The dog my hand. 54 THE YOUNG CITIZEN February, 1940 LITTLE STORIES FOR LITTLE PEOPLE DELFIN MAKES A VALENTINE VALENTINE Day was almost here. Delfin had bought valentines to give away. Many of them were for his little friends. He wrote a name and address on each envelope, and put a stamp on each. Now the valentines were ready to be put into the mail box at the corner. Another valentine was for his teacher. It had a little boy and a dog on it. Of course there must be a va1 en tine for Mother. What kind should it be? Delfin thou.ght and thought a long time about Mother's valentine. None of the valentines in the store suited him. Mother's valentine must be something very nice. That afternoon the teacher . gave back the spelling papers. Delfin looked at the mark on his. It was a red 100. And in the corner was a gold star. He felt very proud and happy. Then all at once he decided just what his valentine for Mother would be. He took his number-work paper out of his desk. Into his pocket it went, with the spelling paper. The two papers were to be part of Mother's valentine. When· he got home he went to his room. He took his best pencil and a sheet of paper. Then he wrote, very carefully. This is.what . Delfin wrote on his valentine for Mother: Somebody loves you, Mother. Somebody got 100 in spelling. Somebody got 100 in numberwork. Somebody got two gold stars. These were for writing the words and the figures neatly. Somebody would like to be your· valentine. Delfin folded the letter and the spelling and the number work. He put them all in an envelope. Then he sealed the envelope. On it he wrote "To Moth-. er Dear." The next day he mailed the valentines to his friends. He laid the valentine for his teacher on her desk. He put the valentine for Mother on her table where he was sure she would find it. "I know Mother will like it, because I made it just for her, all by myself,'' thought Delfin. · Do you think Mother liked Del(Please turn to page 88.) February~ 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN NAUGHTY COTTON 55 By VICENTA A. LACSAMANA HER cousin gave Clarita a pretty little kitten. Her coat was so white that Clarita called her ·cotton. She was such a playful active pussy who got in. everyone's way. Cotton loved to frisk between people's legs. Clarita made a cosy bed out of an old rattan basket, but Cotton would not sleep there. She slept where she should not--on the pile of newly-ironed Clothes, or on the rice in the rice basket. One morning they found her on top of Baby's ·mosquito net. Mother allowed Mauro and Clarita to keep pets if the children saw to it that they were kept clean and fed.. But on days when she was busy, Mother would not want to have Cotton tugging at her skirt. •The day before Grandma was 'to come from· the province was a very ·busy one for Mother. In the morning Clarita, Baby, and Cotton stayed under the house while Mauro helped Mother dci some household chores. In the afternoon Mother started her cooking. When 'she sent Clarita to her Aunt's house for some lemons, Clarita forgot to ta!te Cott.on along with her. So the kitty jumped up and down Mother's work table. When Mother almost tripped to avoid stepping on her, she told Mauro to put Cotton away. Mauro was busy with his kite. He did not like being disturbed in his work. He picked Cotton up and dropped her into a tall basket standing near the kitchen · stove. He covered the top with a piece of board, and then went back to his kite-making. · Of course Cotton did not like being· made a prisoner. She jumped and jumped inside the basket and mewed and mewed. When Clarita came back with the lemons, she looked for her· kitten. "Cotton, miaow, miaow, Moning, puss, puss," she called. Mauro was then cooking paste on the stove. He lifted the board that covered the basket, saying, "There she is." "That's not my kitty," Clarita cried as a very black pussy cat jumped out. How Mother and Mauro laughed! Naughty Cotton had painted (Please turn to page 86.) 56 THE YOUNG CITIZEN Februar~, 1940 WHY THE OWL SLEEPS ALL DAY By ANGEL V. CAMPOY• LoNG, long ago the owl slept at night just like the other birds. At daytime he look~d for food or stayed in his home reading books in his library. He stu· died so hard and became such a wise bird that when King Eagle needed a teacher in his palace, he chose Mr. Owl. The king gave Mr. Owl a nice, cool room in his palace. Every day after his work, Mr. Owl would stay in the library where he read and studied till his head grew big with the things he learned, and his once small .eyes became bigger and more and more nearly round frorri too much reading. Mr. Owl was a wise teacher. He knew many things that other birds had not heard about. He knew when the rainy season was coming and when the hunters would go out to hunt in King Eagle's forest. He taught the birds how to build their nest and how to rear their young ones. He told them how to hide •Teacher, Sibulan Elementary School, Sibulan, Negros Oriental. am~ng the branches when hunters were in the forest and where to go when winter was approaching. When the birds got into trouble with one another, King Eagle would ask Mr. Owl to settle the dispute, and Mr. Owl always •cceeded in making them friends again. Thus he was ·looked upon not only as a learned teacher but also as a wise and excellent judge, and all the birds respected him. One day Ki11g Eagle had a quarrel with the lion, the king of the beasts, King Lion claimed a forest that had rightfully belonged to King Eagle, and when the king of the birds told him to move out, King Lion only growledo.at him. This made the eagle very angry. He decided to punish the lion, and so early one morning he called his subjects together and told them his plan. When the birds had heard their king,· they all shouted, "Let's fight the beasts out of our forest! Mr. Owl shall be our leader because he is brave and Wise." War decided on, King Eagle made (Please turn to page 6o.) February, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 57 • CANDIDO'S OLD BELT By RUPERTO SARMIENTO• "THE way you loo)t," !i!lid Elmer jokingly fo his friend Candido one fine morning, "makes me think that Christmas is not yet over.,, "Why that remark?" asked Candido. "You ;ire wearing such nice new clothes. Your new suit is very' attractive. And look at that new hat and new tie and new shoes. Everything is new," said his friend with a smiLe. "Are yoq sure?" Candido asked. "Look here." And he pointed to an old leather belt around his waist. · "Why do you wear that old belt, Candido, when everything 't:lse is new?" questioned Elmer. "Well, I'll tell you. This belt saved me from drowning in· the river. You know I can't swim. Would you like to hear the story?" ' "Proceed," said his friend. "Of course "I would like to hear it." This is the st~ry Candido told: _ "For some time," began Candido, "our cat had been disturbing us at night by making too much noise. My father who is a very light sleeper could not sleep well on account of the yowling of that cat." ."Why did you not take her away from your place?" interrupted EFer. "Take her away! We did so many times. But she always returned. Finally Father lost all patience and told me to catch the disturbing cat, take her to the river, and drown h·er. "R.eluctantly I began to carry out Father's orders. I hate to kill any animal, even though I know it is best to do •Head Teacher, Tonsuyo Barrio School, Malabon, Rizal. -so sometimes. But I had to obey Father. "I got a piece of meat, called the cat, and soon had her in a closed basket with 'the lid fastened securely. Then I started for the river. · "When I arrived at the ste~p bank overlooking the river, I found that, due to the recent heavy rains, the river was very high and the current very swift. However, I proceeded to follow my father's instructions. "I unfastened the lid of the basket containing the cat, intending to hurl lier from. the high bank into the swift current of the river. "The cat was too quick for me, a~d sprang out of the basket before I could take hold of her. The action so surprised. me that I fell and started rolling down the bank to the river below. I was unable to stop myself. ·. "In an instant I was almost at the water's edge. Then my hand encountered (Please turn to page 82.) 58 THE YOUNG CITIZEN February, 1940 " THE MONKEY AND THE CLAM By JOSE C. ZOSA • A CAT and a rooster were once strolling together along the seashore, when they saw a clam half-buried in the sand. They had been good friends for a long time, but when they saw the clam, they began to quarrel for its possession. "I saw it first," snapped the cat, "therefore it is mine." "But I picked it up first," an.swered the. rooster, "and so you have no right to claim it." The cat was about to scratch the rooster's comb while the rooster was on the point of pecking the cat's nose when, luckily, a monkey came along. "Well, well," the monkey said cheerfully, "I thought you were very good friends." "I can not be a friend to a greedy fellow," said the cat angrily. • Seventh grade pupil, Sindangan, Zamboang'a. "Neither can I.to a thief," retorted the rooster. The two continued to quarrel, each keeping a firm hold of the clam. "Peace, peace," spok't the monkey. "Tell me, do you wish me to give my judgment?" "Oh, yes!" cried the cat,· thinking that the monkey would be on his side. "Yes, yes," said the rooster, believing that the monkey would support his claim. "Before I give the judgment," spoke the monkey, "both of you must promise me one thing. You must promise me that you would abide by. my decision." The cat and the rooster promised to be! satisfied with whatever the monkey decided to say . . "Now, give me the clam," the monkey ~aid. And then opening it, he plucked its meat, and before the cat and the roost~r could stop him, he had placed it in his mouth and swallowed it. The mon. key theh gave one shell of the clam· to the angry cat and the other to the enraged rooster. "But you have eaten the meat!" both cried helplessly. "That was my fee for. being your ju~ge,:• t~~ monkey said, smiling with m1sch1ef. You have promised to be satisfied, and n~ quarrel no more." . Then the monkey ·.went away, leaving the cat and the rooster to comfort each other. EXERCISES I. Do you know what a clam is? Have you eaten a clam? 2. What kind of a judge was the monkey? ~- Do you remember another story in which a monkey was judge? February, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 59 WHITE PATCH By CONSTANTINO MONTEMAYOR• WHITE PATCH was a lovable little puppy dog. He was a well-built littl.e ~el low, strong, lively, and full of cunos1ty. He had soft, silky hair, and on ~is forehead was a round patch of white from which came his name, White Patch. He had kind brown .eyes, and a tongue that insisted upon licking. everyone who gave him a friendly look or a. pat. I thought he was the best and smartest dog in the world. · White Patch was only a puppy when he became my pet: He was as full of mischief as any other puppy dog. Ev.ery day he came to meet me on the way when I was going home. from scho~l. I always gave him my pencil to carry m order to train him to be a messenger dog. He would carry the p~ncil and run by my side, looking very proud and. smart. When we reached home, he would give me the pencil. One day White Patch played a good joke on me. V.lhen he met me on the way home, he took the pencil as usual. Then he ran home as fast as he could. He ran under the house and buried my pencil ·in the sand. Then he came running back to me, wagging his tail with joy. In his dog way he was happy because he had played a good joke on me. A year later this puppy had become a full grown dog and a trained messenger. When he was sent on an errand, no one could stop him. If there was something for him to do, he tried hard to do what was wanted. When there was nothing for hirri to do, he was quiet and attentive, and waited peacefully in his own self• Pupil, Lubao Elementary School, Lubao, Pampanga. assigned corner of the house, Sad to say, White ·Patch come to a sorrowful end, on account of his one and · only bad habit. He always wanted to • run towards passing autos and bark. I · tried to break him of this habit, but never fully succeeded. One day he ran toward a passing auto. In some way he got a litde too near the wheel and was struck. I heard his body hit the cement curb and I ran to him .. Just as I picked up my pet, he breathed his last. I do not wish to own another pet dog because it is very hard to part from a playmate, even if he is only a dumb animal. SOME QUESTIONS I. What kind of dog was White Patch? 2. Why was he called by. that name? 3. Can you describe White Patch? 4. How did White Patch show he was a friendly dog? 60 THE YOUNG CITIZEN February, 1940 NIGHT By BEATO A. DE LA CRUZ Night 'now comes so slowly And softly settles down; We know that night is here, For lights shine on the town. In the sky now brightly shin~ The moon. and evening star; They shed their lights to us all, The people near and far. * MY VALENTINE By JUANITA D. FILAMOR I wish to have a Valentine Who's always ready to lend a hand; To heights or dep(hs, in joy or sorrow She never fails by me to stand. A girl whose voice gives a tender gJOw, Whose smile is in itself sunshine, Whose words reveal a noble heartShe's the girl for my Valentine. FEBRUARY By HERMINIA ANCHETA Love-lorn ladies pine For a sweet lovely Valentine. A month of merry making, Of carnival fun and jo~ing. March's own trumpeter Bidding us to welcome h~. WHY THE OWL SLEEPS ALL DAY (Continu;d from page 56) Mr. Owl the general of his army with Mr. Hawk and Mr. Kingsfisher as captains. All the birds sharpened their bills in preparation for the fight. When everything was ready, · they swooped down upon their enemies. The beasts were taken by surprise, but they gave the birds a hard battle. For days and days the birds and the beasts fought with neither side winning. The birds pecked with their sharp bills their enemies, many of which died from loss of blood, while the beasts killed a good number of the fowls with their strong ·claws. Finally, a truce was made, and the combatants agreed to divide the forest. King Lion and King Eagle signed a treaty of peace, and the war ended. The hirds and the beasts went home satisfied, except Mr. Mouse who was very sad because his wife and children liad been killed in the war. King Eagle's soldiers had eaten them up, and Mr. Mouse longed for the time when he could get even with King Eagl-e. One dark night he crept very quietly into King Eagle's palace. Mr. Owl who happened to be on guard that night was ~sleep, and Mr. Mouse got 'into the king's room unnoticed. Slowly and quietly he (Please turn to page 8.i.) February, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 61 CHARACTER AND CITIZENSHIP SECTION KNOW YOUR FLAGS By LT. JOSE A. PANDY• Figure I EVERY boy and girl of the Philippines should know the two flags which float over their country. Pupils in our schools should be familiar with the significance of the colors an\! design of each flag. They should also know how the two flags are to be displayed on various occasions. It is the purpose of this article to present such information in a simple form. Let us look at the flag of the United States of America (Figure 1) . There Figure 2 are 13 stripes, alternating red and white. These 13 stripes stand for the original 13 states which formed the Union. In the upper left cor.ner there are now 48 stars on a field of blue. One star for each state in the Union is in this group. Whenever a new territory is admitted to statehood, a new star is added. Now let us look at the flag of the Philippines (Figure 1). The upper section of blue is the symbol of noble ideals; the lower section of red is the symbol of courFigure 3 • Lieutenant, Infantry Reserves; in charge of Military Training, Lucba.n Elementary School, Lucban, Tayabas. 62 THE YOUNG CITIZEN February, 1940 Figure 4 age, bravery, and heroism. The golden sun symbolizes liberiy and freedom; the eight rays ar.e for the first eight provinces which made a declaration of fr.eedom from Spain-Manila, Batangas, Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, and Tarlac. The equilateral triangle on the left symbolizes equality among men; the three stars-one in each corner of the triangle-r.epresent Luzon, the Visayas, and Mindanao. When the American flag is on display, the stars-signifying the states of the Union-should always occupy the upper left corner, as shown in Figure l. When. the Filipino flag is on display, the triangle with the sun and the stars should be on the left side and the blue stripe up, as shown in Figure l. When the two flags are displayed in a vertical position, they should be placed as in Figure 2. The group of stars of Figure 6 February, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN Figure 7 the American flag ·should occupy the up- shown in a group displayed from staffs. per left corner as in the horizontal posi- Figure 8 shows the two flags in a group ti on ; the triangle of the sun and stars of · when used in parades. the Filipino flag should be up, and the The two. flags are displayed at half. blue stripe on the left.. .mast on Memorial Day (May 30 of each If the two flags are displayed from year) and on the death of a distinguished crossed staffs, against a wall or a post, public official. A school may display they should be display.ed as shown in its own flags at halfmast on the death Figure 3. or during the funeral of any member of If the two flags are displayed from ·its teaching corps. separate pol.es, they should be dis'p la yed as shown in Figure 4. If the two ffags are in a cluster of flags displayed radially, · they should be grouped as shown in Figure 5. In.Figme 6 the two flags are To display a flag at half. mast, it must first be hoisted to fullmast and allowed to fly there a moment before it is brought to the position of halfmast. See Figure 7 for the position of display of the flags at half(Plose turn to page 79.) THE YOUNG CITIZEN February, 1940 THE KINDNESS-TO-ANIMALS CLUB By GERVACIA GUARIN• The First Meeting of tlte -Kindness-to-Animals Club Miss DizON was talking to her class. They were having a lesson in charact.er education, and Miss Dizon had been discussing kindness to animals. At the close of the lesson she said, ·"Boys and girls, I hope that some of you will be able to cause at least one person to be kind to animals." Of course she thought no one would pay much attention to her words, for she felt she had made scarcely any impression upon the class. Little did she think that her talk with the class was the beginning of a movement which took hold of the entire community. A teacher never knows how good she is doing. Miss Dizon did not know that even during the recitation •Teacher, Arayat Central School, Arayat, Pampanga. Jose, one of the leaders in the cla~s, w~s making a plan in accordance with h1.s teacher's wishes. Immediately a ft er dismissal that morning Jose gathered some of the boys under an acasia tree. . "Do you remember the lost thing Miss Dizon told us this morning?" Jose asked. "Yes, Jose," answered one of t~e bo.ys who had been paying attention m- MISS Dizon's class. "She said she hoped we would cause somebody to be kind to animals." "Well, what can we do?" asked one of the boys. "ff ow would you like to form a club? A Kindness-to-Animals Club," replied Jose. "Tell us your plan, Jose," suggested another of the boys. "It's a simple plan. Let's just go together in a ·group, and each one of us ·agree to d& something a.s often as possi~le which will cause somebody to be kmd to animals. We will call our ~lub the Kindness-to-Animals Club. Once a week we could have a meeting and report any, thing done. We might report our plan and work to Miss Dizon as soon as ·we accomplish any results." "Fine! Fine-I I like your idea. Sure we'll form the club. You'll be the leader of our club," said one of the boys. "Yes, we want you to be our leader," said several of the boys. So the new club was organized. It was not long until the. new club began to see work to do. A few days later, aher school was dismissed, three of the boys were walking together toward their (Please turn to ~age 84) February, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 65 . 66 THE YOUNG CITIZEN February, 1940 ELEMENTARY SCIENCE SECTION ./ ARTESIAN WELLS LONG ago in the French province of Artois it happened that a well was sunk so deep that it passed the watertight layers of the earth to layers of ·porous rock and gravel where the water was confined under heavy pressure. At once the water gushed forth, and the name "artesian" well, from the name ·of the French province of Artois where this occurred, is given to such flowing ·wells today. As you know, most of t'1e water which falls to the earth sinks intb the soil or the poroas ro~k beneath the surface, and flows out again at soine point lower water. . · Artesian wells were sunk in Egypt, China, and other eastern countries many centuries ago. There are now many artesian wells in the Philippines, the United Stat~s, and Australia. The water from this kind of well is pure, therefore artesian wells furnish- good water for ddnking. Dly and desert lands may be turned into gardens and pastures by tapping these underground springs at a depth of sometimes nearly a mile. Tripes of wandering people in the Sahara Desert in Africa have settled around such wells. down, forming a spring of water. It is REVIEW QUESTIONS only where this water gets caught be- I. Where was the first artesian well neath great layers of the water higher up made? that artesian wells are possible. 2. What were "the natural conditions Study the diagram at the top of this where the first artesian well was made? page. Notice that the water which falls 3. Why is this kind of well called an to the earth enters a layer of soft rock. "artesian well"? Then this water goes below the hard 4. Under what kind of nat~ral condishales. When a hole is made through the tions is an artesian well possible? hard shales, the water gushes forth, on 5. Have you studied the diagram on account of the: pressure of the higher ~ · this page? February, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN THE MONARCH OF THE JUNGLE CAN you imagine that your cat-that soft, gentle, playful, purring creaturebelongs to the same family of animals as the majestic lion, which, many centur.ies ago, was given the title "the king of the beasts"? "That cannot be true!" you .exclaim at first thought. "A cat and a lion are not at all alike." But you are mistaken. They are very much, alike indeed, except in size and perhaps in color. Of course there are other differences of minor importance. Thus the pupil of the cat's eye is elliptical, while that of the lion is round. The cat is a good tree-clfmber, but the lion rarely climbs trees. The cat's fur is of nearly an equal length all over its body, while the male lion possesses a mane, wltich, when at its best, covers the fore part of its body including the head, and gives the animal a truly royal appearance. In ancient times the lion inhabited the whole of Africa, all the southern part of Asia, and a large part of southeastern Europe. It is stiU found in many parts of Africa and Asia, though in greatly reduced numbers. A large lion measures from nine to ten feet in length, including the tail, and is four feet high. The strength of the 1 ion is very great. With a single blow of its large front paw, it can crush the skull· of an ox or break the back of a horse, and it is capable of carrying off a bullock in its jaws. It .can jump thirty feet at a single bound, and few animals except the antel~pe, can outrun it.' Its tawny color blends readily with its natural surroundings and renders the lion almost invisible in its native haunts. The young of the lion, generally only two in a litter, are born in a den in some secluded spot, and the mother lion, who ·guards them jealously, does not permit even the male lion to approach. Like the tom-cat, the lion is inclined to make . a meal of'his offspring. The mane begins to grow on the young male during the animal's third year, but it does not attain its full growth until the seventh or eighth year. Lions live from 40 to 50 years.. They are easily kept in captivity. . Authorities disagree in regard to the hunting habits of lions. It seems probable that as a rule they live and hunt singly, except during the mating season and while th·o young are half grown, when the whole family uniie in the · chase. Travelers io South Africa report that lions are sometimes seen hunting in droves of from six to te:n. These droves may be composed of two or more female lions and their cubs. In common with most members of the cat family, the lion prefers to hunt at night, setting forth at sunset and lying in wait at a watering place, or creeping stealthily upon its prey in true cat-like fashion. It cleverly hides behind every bit of cover as it creeps alone until it is quite near its prey. Then it utters its (Pleau turn to po9t 80.) 68 THE YOUNG CITIZEN February, 1940 MUSIC APPRECIA 'FION SECTION GREAT COMPOSERS OF MUSIC By BERT PAUL OSBON* II. HANDEL, COMPOSER OF ORATORIOS GEORGE FREDERICK H AN DE L , English musical composer, German by ori;;in, was born in Saxony, a district in the central part of Germany, in the year 1685, the Gl:'or9e Frederick Handel same year in which Johann Sebastian Bach was born. {See The Young Citizen for January, 1940, page 20). Although Handel and Bach were both born in the same year and in the same country, the two composers never met. This is ·easily explained by the fact that Handel spent · most of his life in England, becoming an English citizen. George Handel's father was a surgeon who disapproved of music, and wished his son to become a lawyer. A friend smuggled a clavichord-the forerunner of the piano-into the attic, and on this· instrument the little boy practiced secretly until discovered one night by his father. An artist has painted an imaginary picture of this scene. The picture is shown on the next page. (See The Young Citizen for October, 1938.) Once when George was a small boy -less that eight years old-his father started in a carriage to a distant home of a nobleman. The little boy begged in • For.merly Supervisor of Public School Music Mount Lebanon, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U .s.A'. . vain to go also, and at last ran after the carriage on foot so far that he had to be taken into the carriage. While the boy was at the home of the nobleman, the man overheard him playing on the organ. The nobleman then persuaded the· father to permit little George to study music. So when the boy went home, he was taken to the organist at the cathedral. This musician taught him to play the . organ, the clavichord, the oboe, and the violin. He also taught him to writethat is, compose-music. The father had not yet given up the hope of his son's becoming a lawyer. Out of consideration of this wish the boy studied law for a while, even after the death of his father, but finally he gave it ·up and became a musician. While a young man, Handel spent three years in Italy, where he learned to , write operas in the Italian style. Everywhere in Italy he was honored by musi- . cians. While there, he wrote some ope: ras and some music for the church. When he returned to Germany, he became court composer for Prince George of Hanover. After staying at Hanover a short time, he obtained permission to leave his court position for a trip to England. He liked England so well that a few years later he decided to remain there permanently. In 1720 a company wa; organized in England to give operas, and Handel was one of the directors. For this company he wrote fourteen operas, and later still February, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN others. When Handel was 53 years old, he practically gave up operatic music, and turned to oratorios. He now produced about fifteen choral works on which his fa~e at the present time almost entirely rests. It is for this reason that he is especially remembered as a writer of ora- . torios. His greatest works are his oratorios. Personally. ~andel was bluff and hearty. He was a blunt, outspoken man, and sometimes said V·ery sharp things. But he was 'generous and strictly honorable, and liked to. take part in social activities. He was a hard worker, and wrote music very rapidly. heard this chorus sung, he immediately stood up, so since then people. always stand when the Hallelujah Chorus is being sung. Handel's last days were. saddened by blindness, which came after he had undergone several unsuccessful operations on his eyes. He died in 1759. He was a man of high character arid intelligence. His interest was not only in music, but in other things as wdl. He wrote in all about one hundred volumes of music. Remember this: Handel wrote one of the greatest oratorios, The Messiah. REVIEW I. In what year was Handel born? 2. What other great composer was born in the same year? 3. What did George Handel's father wish his son to study? The greatest and most famous of Handel's works is an ora, Iorio called The Messiah. An oratorio is a lengthy musical composition to he. sung by' a chorus and soloists with The Boy•Handel 4. Can you tell the story of George practicing in the attic? an accompaniment by an orchestra. There are no costumes or scenery, as in the opera, and no acting. The story is usually taken from the Bible, and frequently the actual words are from the Bible. Handel's gr.eat oratorio, The Messiah, tells the story of the coming and th·e birth of Christ. For that reason it is sung all over the world at Christmas time. This oratorio contains many beautiful numbers, including the Hallelujah Chorus. \\'hen this chorus is sung, the audience always rises. They do this because once, long ago, when the king of England 5. Can you tell the story of George go-· ing with his father to the ho~e of the nobleman? 6. What did the nobleman overhear? 7. What did he say to the boy's father? 8. What was the boy permitted to do? 9. What did he learn to do in music? 10. What did Handel do in Italy? 11. Tell about his going to England. 12. Of what company was Handle a director? (Pleast turn to page 86.) 70 THE YOUNG CITIZEN February, 1940 GALLOPING HOR.SES RoeERT Sc11uMANN 2 o.c. o.l FtMe. February, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN READING TIME FOR YOUNG FOLKS FRESH AIR AND HEALTHY BODIES (Continued from the January number) MANY Filipinos used to think that it was best to sleep in bedrooms with all the windows tightly closed. Some Filipinos still think that this is best. But doctors tell us that the practice of sleeping with bedroom 'windows closed is very injurious. Grace Darling, a woman famous in the last century, died from tuberculosis, although during the day she breathed the splendid sea air, because at night she slept in a tiny little ro~m with a closed window. other parts of the world were very apt to get a serious disease which was supposed to be due to the quality of the air. So, long ago, this disease was called malarria, which simply means bad air, and the disease is known by the name malaria today. Now we know that malaria is caused by the bite of a certain kind of mosquito whi0h carries the microbes of this disea~e. This kind of mosquito bites only at night. And so people thought they got malaria from the night air. But it was not caused by the night air; it was caused by the mosquito bite. If these people had slept under mosquito nets, they could have had their windows opep at night, and would not have had malaria. We must make sun' that we breathe pure air while we are sleeping; tl:K:refore we should leave our bedr o om windows open. Everyone should sleep in a bedroom with a window ·open. Rooms that have Open the bedroom window and sleep under a net. It is impossino windows, or windows that will not open, are not fit for people to sleep in. There is a general belief, especially here in the Philippines, that night air is dangerous for Its to broothe. This is nonsense. Chemists have very carefully examined the air in the day and in the night, and have found that night air is purer than day air. We know exactly how the old belief about night air arose. It was noticed that people who exposed themselves to the night air in the Philippines and some ble to prais~ fresh air too much, or to say too much about the difference between living in fresh air and in impure air. If the air which we breathe in a room is impure, every tissue in the body suffers, but that which suffers soonest and the most is the brain, which needs pure blood even more than any other part of the body. If a schoolroom is badly ventilated, the pupils in that room cannot prepare their 1-essons well, or they fall asleep dur(Please turn to page 80.) THE YOUNG CITIZEN February, 1940 HISTORY SECTION WASHINGTON, THE FATHER OF HIS COUNTRY WASHINGTON, the first president of the United States of America, was born in the state of Virginia on February 22, 1732. His ancestors were connected with the Washingtons of Northhamptonshire, England. The Washingtons were in Virginia in 1658. · Of Washington's early life little is known. As a boy his life was no different from that common to Virginia boys in easy famil~es ; plantation affairs, hunt-, In 1759 he married Martha Custis, and for the ne.xt fifteen years Washington's life at Mount Vernon, where he made his home after his marriage, was that of a typical Virginia planter of the more prosperous sort,· a large slave-holder who was strict but consid·erate, .and a widdy trusted man of important affairs. His marriage brought him a large increase in property, and he became one 1 of the richest men in the colonies. He was me.thodical in business, 1 i k e d to hunt, . and had acquaintante with the leading men of .the colonies. As in the case of Lincoln,\he was educated into greatness by the increasing weight of his responsibilities and the manner in which he met them. ing, fishing, and a little reading made up his early life. His education was only el·ementary and very defective, except in mathematics, in which he was largely self taught. He must have read so m e good books carefully, however, for in spite of the 1 a c k o f education common in that time, in matters of grammar and spelling he acquired a dignified and effective English style . . George Washington Born February 22, 1732 He served in the co 1onia1 Congress, and was selected as commander-in-chief of the armies in' the Washington left school when he was 15 years old. He then lived with his half-brother Laurence at Mount Vernon, his father having died. At the age of sixteen he became a surveyor. He became an officer in the colonial army and was with General Braddock when the latter was defeated in Western Pennsylvania. He saved the remaining troops from being entirely destroyed. Revolutionary War. After indepen.dence had been gained, the unanimous vote o{ the electors ma.!e him the first president of the United States. He was elected to a second term of office, but positively refused a third term. He retired from the presidency after having served for eight years, and returned to his home, which has always been called Mount Vernon. He died there in 1799. Washington died withFebruary, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 73 EVENTS IN FEBRUARY By TIMOTEO S. ORACION • February 8, 1935: The delegates to the Constitutional Convention approved the Constitution of the Philippines. February 9, 1837: Birth of Dr. Jose Burgos in Vigan, llocos Sur. February 15, 1899: Appearance of the first number of the La Solidaridad. Febnlary 15, 1872: Execution of the three Filipino martyrs, Fathers Burgos, Gomez, and Zamora. • Librarian, Sibulan Elementary School, Sibulan, N egros Oriental: WASHINGTON THE FATHER ... (Continued from page 72) out any children, but the American people call him the Fathec of His Country. REVIEW QUESTIONS I. Why is Washington called the Father of His Country? 2. Do you think Washington was to any extent a self-made man? Why do you think so? 3. Tell of Washington's life as 'a boy. 4. Tell of his later life. 5. What high office did he hold in the United States? 6. What is his home.called? 7. Was Washington a wealthy or poor man? 8. What have you learned from this short sketch of Washington's life? 9. Do you think Washington was a wise man? Why? 10. Do you think Washington's life has been an inspiration to others? Why? MY HOME By SUSULAN JILHANI • The far horizon makes me think Of my happy home across the sea; Sometimes I feel a loneliness For Mother, Father, and Sister Rosalie. · . I remember old, loving Grandma, too, Sitting silent in her favorite chair, Or telling nice fairy stories of long ago While I fondled her silvery . hair. There's Dido, my faithful little dog, Who never ran away from fights, And Ming, the cat, whose ·glossy fur Would warm my feet on chilly nights. · When I remember all of them and all The fun and laughter of the • days of yore, I feel a loneliness and fondly wish That I were in my home once more. • First year student, Zamboanga Normal School. 74 THE YOUNG CITIZEN ~ THE II m@m II P~NTRY ~ Fe6ruary, 1940 SOME FOREIGN DISHES IN the January issue of The Young Citizen some excellent recipes for foreign dishes were given. In this issue five more recipes for foreign dishes are given. If you can cook well, try preparing some of theseperhaps you will find several which you will like very much. Italian Delizia Cook one-half of a pound of spaghetti in boiling salted water. Chop fine one small onion, one clove of gar lie, and one green pepper. Fry this in one-half of a cupful of olive oil until the onion is brown in color. Add one cupful of canned tomato soup, one-half of a teaspoonful of salt, a dash of pepper, and one-half of a teaspoonful of Worcestershire sauce (which can be •obtained at any grocery store). When thoroughly h.eated, stir in one-half of a cupful of grated cheese until the cheese is melted. Then add the cooked spaghetti and one can of corn. (Continued from the January number) Thin one-half of a pound of hamburg steak with a little cold water to prevent its cooking in lumps, and add it to the mixture. When done, serve it very hot. · Spanish Stewed Rice ·with Tomato Carefully wash one-half of a cupful of rice. Chop very fine one-fourth of an onion, and place it in a frying pan that contains onehalf of a tablespooniul of lard. Pour the rice into the pan with the onion and fry until the rice is slightly brown. Now pour into the pan one and one-half tablespoonfuls of stewed tomatoes. Add about 2 cupfuls of boiling water to this, and cook it slowly. In order thatthe rice will not be mashed, do not stir it . too often. The food may easily be kept from sticking by inserting a knife around the edge of the pan. Serve hot. Spanish String Beans Wash and string about 4 cupfuls of string beans. Pour into a frying pan one\ half of a tablespoonful of lard. When hot, pour the beans in and allow them to fry brown. Have ready one-half of an onion chopped fine. Mix it with the beans and add two tablespoonfuls of stewed tomatoes. Fry well together, And add 2 i:upfuls of boiling water and a pinch of salt. Cook until tender, and serve hot. Turkish Eggplant and Mutton Pie Place an equal amount of s Ii ced eggplant and chopped mutton or lamb fried in its own fat together in alternate layers in !I baking pan. Cover with water and bake until well browned. If d·esircd, a little tomato juice or a few sliced tomatoes. may be added. Serve hot. Turkish Stew Required ingredients: 2 cupfuls of meat cut into small cubes; 2 onion~; a little salt; 2 cupfuls of string beans; 2 cupfuls of ioma(Please turn to page 81) February, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 75 THE FUNNY PAGE THE YOUNG CITIZEN February, 1940 WORK AND PLAY SECTION SPELLING A HOLIDAY By MAXIMO M. MU~OZ • WRITE the word or punctuation mark in the blank that best answers the question. When the answers are all written, if you will spell the first Ietter of each answer you will spell tho name of a holiday which occurs in February. Here are the questions : What do you drink every day? - - - How does yo~r mother feel when you are naughty? ---What do living things get light from? How does one feel when he eats nothing? - - - What kind of people in America formerly .decorated their bodies with feathers?---. - ·· At what part of the day is the sun overhead? - - - What do carabaos; goats, and cows eat? Who helps pupils to learn things? What is the family name of the vice president of the Philippines?--Who takes good car.e of sick peoplein the hospital? - - - What punctuation mark indicates possession?---Who repairs shoes for us?--. - From whom do we buy meat?---What keeps our food cold? - - - What is the daily food of Filipinos? • Principal, Malinao Elementary School, Malinao, Albay. A VALENTINE GAME By ALICIA NEBRIAGA ~ CUT several large hearts out of red paper. The11 cut the hearts into as many· pieces as desired, but not so many that they. would be easily lost or scattered. Each heart should. be cut differently from the the ot!iers. Divide the players into groups-as many' groups as there are hearts. Mix the pieces of the cut-out hearts and give a piece to each player. Be sure that all the pieces are given out. If necessary, one player can have several pieces. The players then try to form the ori. gin~! hearts with their pieces. The first group able to form a compiete heart will be the winning group, and may be awar.ded a prize. The number of hearts may vary ac. cording to the number of players. But reme~ber: all the pieces of a heart must .be giv.en out to the players. •Teacher, Luna. Elementary School, Luna, La Union. How do you feel on a warm day?--What word describes ~ person who will not take what ·belongs to another i Whom do we call when we are sick? How does one feel if he is caught cheating? - - - What i; one of the colors of the rainbow? - - - (Please turn to page 83.) THE YOUNG CITIZEN 77 CURIOUS ARITHMETIC By PABLO M. CUASAY THE first example of curious arithmetic takes you through a maze of multiplying, adding, and subtracting. But try it, for the result w.ill be interesting. I. On a piece of paper write your house number. 2. Multiply that number by 2. 3. Add to the product the usual number of school days in a week _(5). 4. Multiply the sum by 50. 5. To this. product add your age. 6. To this answer add the usual number of days in a year (365). 7. From this answer subtract the usual number of days in a half-month (15). 8. Now, tell your answer, and from that answer ca·n be told your age and also the number of the house where you live. This is the way the age and the house number can be· learned: The age will be the last two figures of the answer. Erase "those two figures. Then subtract 6 and thi: result wiU be the house number. Here is another example of curious arithmetic: What can the figure eleven do? Well, solve the following problems and the answers will surprise you. Multiply 1 by 9 and add 2. What is the result? Multiply 12 by 9 and add 3. What is the result? Multiply 123 by 9 and add 4. What is tho result? Multiply 1,234 by 9 and add 5. What is the result? Multiply 12,345 by 9 and add 6. What is the. result? Multiply 123,456 by"9 and add 7. What is the result? Multiply 1;234,567 by 9 and add 8. What is the result? Blowing Through Glass (Try this on JIOUr friends.) a bottle... Ihll.. air cumint \Vill divide.., jio\v around the.. bottle:,re.unite and e-xtin uish the. /lamll... A FEW JOKES No Laughing Matter Customer: This soup tastes awfully funny. Waiter: Well, why don't you laugh? * Adam and Eve The little girl reported at home what she had learned about the creation of Adam and Eve. Evidently she got it a· little mixed up. This is what she reported: "The teacher told us how God made· the first man and the first woman. He made the man first. But because he was lonely, and had nobody to talk with, God put the man to sleep. And while the man was asleep, God took out his brains, and made a woman out of them." Multiply 12,345,678 by 9 and add 9. What is the result? D~n't you agree with me that this fa curious arithmetic? THE YOUNG CITIZEN February, 1940 MUSICAL QUESTIONS By ELENA ALBERT• How well do you know musical terms? Answer each of the following question( by naming a musical term. I. What is used in a prison to prevent escape from windows?---2. What is another name for a stick carried as a support in walking or climbing? - - - 3. What does a man often wear around his neck and on the front of his shirt? 4. What do people frequently write? 5. vyhat do you like when you are tired?---6. What does a merchant use when he sells cloth? - - - 7. What is the condition usually of the blade of a Boy Scout's knife? ---8. With what does a person unlock a door?---9. What word describes a smooth, level surface?---10. What do we call a course over which a policeman watches? •Teacher, P. Gomez Elementary School, Manila. (Answers on page 83) TAGGING GAME By LOURDES L. GALENO • THE players are divided into two groups, one group staying in a line about fifteen meters apart from the other. The distance may be made farther as desired. A stick about four feet long, with a handkerchief placed on one end, is planted in •Teacher,· Camp Overton Primary School, Iligan, Lanao. (Please turn to page 83.) SOME RIDDLES FOR YOUNG PUPILS By PABLO M. CUASAY • I. They are brothers, yet they cannot see each other. 2. The pig of the king is fenced with coins. 3. Sky. up, sky down, water all around. , 4. Inside, it is stony; outside,. it is thorny. s: What lives upon itself and dies when it has devoured itself? 6. What is the eye that cannot see? 7. A man and an eagle are riding on a circle. 8. What is the smallest bridge in the world? 9. fl.. hanging heart. 10. Why is a river lazy? • Principal, Cabugao Elementary School, Ilocos Sur. (:.4 nswm on page 88) TEN HEALTH COMMANDMENTS Gooo .health is the most precious possession which any one can possibly have. It is worth more than gold, or jewels, or power. Without good health a person is very much handicapped. Therefore, each boy and girl in the Philippines· should first of all pay attention to securing good health. • Here are ten health rules-Ten Health Commandments, let us call them. If a boy or girl begins soon enough to practice the rules given in these Ten Health Commandments, that boy or girl will ce.rtainly be healthy, and, barring accidents, will live to a ripe old age. We suggest that you memorize these (Please turn to page 83~-) Ftbruary, 1940 KNOW YOUR FLAGS (Continued from ~9' 63) mast on the morning (A.M.) of Memorial Day, and at·full-mast on the afternoon (P.M.) of Memorial Day. Things to Remember about the Flags I. Display the American flag and the Filipino flag separately, the former occupying the right place (on the observer's· left) and the latter the left place. 2. The flags should be raised at sunrise and lowered at sunset · 3. The flags should be hoisted briskly and lowered gently. 4. Flag-raising may be dispensed with during inclement weather. 5. June 14 of each year is American Flag Day, and the last Sunday of May of mch year is the Philippine .Flag Day. 6. Salute the flags when carried unfurled by troops, patriotic organizations, civic societies, and w h.e n formally raised at reveille and lowered at retreat. Military men render the military salute to the flag. Civilians salute as follows: men stand at attention with hats off and hold the hat at THE YOUNG CITIZEN right hand opposite the heart Things which Should Not Be Done.with the Flag I. Never a II ow either flag to touch or trail on the ground. 2. Do not use either flag as a tablescloth. 3. Do not place either flag below the seats on a platform. 4. Do not stand or twist either flag i.;_ any fancy shape whatever. .5. Do not use either flag to cover a speaker's desk nor drape over _the f~ont of a platform. Use bunting for this purpose. 6. Do not drape either flag over the hood, top, sides, or back of a vehjcle, a railway train, o.r a boat. 7. Do not use either flag as a receptacle for receiving, holding, carrying, or delivering anything. 8. Do not place any advertisement on either flag, or use either one as a trade mark. 9. Do not use either flag as a whole or a part of a costume. IO. Never display a wornout or dilapidated flag. QUESTIONS the left breast; ladies stand I. Why should you know at attention· and hold the about the American flag? 79 2. Why should you know about the Filipino flag? 3. How many stripes are on the flag of the United States? Why? 4. How many stan are on the flag of the United States? Why? 5. When is a new star added to the American flag? 6. In the Filipino flag what does the blue signify? The red? 7. What does the golden sun .symbolize? The eight rays of the sun symbolize what? 8. What is· the significance of the triangJ.e? 9. What is the significance of the three stars? IO. How should the American flag be placed when on display? 11. The Filipino flag? 12. How should each flag be displayed when in aver. ti cal position? 13. How should the two . flags be displayed from crossed staffs. 14. How should the two flags be displayed from separate poles? l 5. How are the two flags placed when in a dus~er of flags? 16. How should the· two flags be placed. when in a g ro u p displayed fr ·om staffs? (Please turn to page ~1.) So THE MONARCH OF ... . (Continued from page 67) terrifying roar and leaps upon its vict_im which it kills by biting it in the neck. The lion hardly ever attacks an elephant, but deer, ·antelopes, zebras, and wild asses, as well as domestic animals, such as cattle, sheep, and camels, are attacked, killed, and eaten whenever there is opportunity. A full-grown buffalo buU with his long, sharp horns, is the only animal capable of successfully defending himself against a lion. Man-eating lions are not common, but, like the tige'r, when once a lion tastes· human blood, it prefers to eat human flesh as long as it Ii v es. Man-eating lions have been known to ·enter native villages and carry off a man or a woman in their jaws, _even though the natives build fires, shout, and beat drums. The· story is well known of two lions which killed so many native workmen that for weeks they stopped th·e building of the Uganda railway in Africa. CAN YOU ANSWER THESE? I. To what family of animals does the lion belong? 2. What name has been given to the lion? THE YOUNG CITIZEN February, 1940 FRESH AIR... over the whole.body, and it (Continued from page 71) cannot do this if it is fed ing their lessons, or fail to with impure blood. remember what they have The body has no means learned. Breathing impure of protection ,agail)st the air is al.so one of the reasons bad gases in the air which children do not grow prop- have been given off .by the erly, for the brain presides . lungs .and sltin, if the windows are closed while a 3. What is the difference between a cat's eye and a lion's eye? 4. What is the difference in the habit of treeclimbing? 5. What is the difference in the hair of the cat and of the lion? 6. Where· were' lions found in anc-ient times? 7. Where are they now found? 8. What can you say of the slze of a lion? · 9. What can ,you say of the strength of a lion? IO. What can you say of the ability of a lion to jump? 11. What can you say of · the ability of a lion 'to run? 12. How is the color of a lion useful? 13. Tell about the young of a lion? 14. How does the mother take car·e of her young? 15. What is a young lion called? 16. What can you say of the growth of a lion's mane? person is sleeping. These gases pass into the· blood from the lung quite readily, the living cells being unable to stop them at all, and then the b!Ood carries them to_ every part of the body, and distribiites them. This causes great injury to the body. Sometimes we can guess that something is wrong by the presence of headache or by the lack of appetite, both of which show that the brain has been poisoned. This can be avoided if we have learned about the necessity of pure air in our rooms, and if we are willing to apply the knowledge to our lives. · REVIEW QUESTIONS I. What do some Filipinos believe about sleeping in bedrooms with the windows c!Osed? 2. What do doctors say about this practice? 3. What was the effect on Mis~ Darling? 4. What kind of air should we breathe while sleeping? February, 1940 WHYTHEOWL ... (Continued from page 60) sneaked into King Eagle's sleeping chamber, and in the darkness he drew out his sword and struck at those sleeping in bed. He killed King Eagle's two children, and would have also murdered the king and queen had they not awaken in time, w?en they heard the FOREIGN DISHES (Continued frt1m page 74) toes; some flour. Sprinkle the meat· with flour and brown it in fat. Then add the string beans, onions, and tomatoes. Season with s~lt. Add enough water to cover the mixture, and cook slowly until tender. This is delicious when served hot. 5. Why should our bedroom windows be opened at night? 6. What caused the· belief that night air is dangerous? 7. What was the actual danger at night? 8. Did people formerly know of this danger? 9. What is the meaning of the word mal-aria? l 0. Why .should a person sleep under a mosquito net? THE YOUNG CITIZEN dying cry of the eaglets. King Eagle jumped out of bed to fight the intruder, but he was too late. When he put on the light to see what had happened, a sad sight met his eyes. There in their little beds his two dear eaglets lay dead. Mr. Mouse had escaped through a hole in the room and had run away, very much satisfied with his deed of vengeance. King Ea~le was very angry with the palace guards and summoned Mr. Owl. He ordered him to explain how the intruder got .inside the palace. Mr. Ow'. confessed his having s 1 e pt while on duty and felt very sorry for what had happened. Very angry, King Eagle ordered that Mr. Owl must stay awake and be on guard all night until the rest of his life. Mr. Owl, feeling humble, promised to do as the king ordered and promised, further, that he would hunt for mice at night and kill them before they could trouble the king again. To this day, Mr. Owl has faithfully kept his promise. He sleeps during the daytime and stays awake all night and hunts for mice, whose ancestor in the past eluded him and caused King Eagle's wrath. 81 EXERCISES: I. Have you seen an owl? How does it look? 2. Have you heard the hooting of an owl at night? 3. What do some people think when they hear the hooting of an owl? 4. Why did King Eagle invite Mr. Owl to the palace? · 5. What was the cause of the battle between the birds and the beasts? 6. How was the battle settled? 7. Underline the correct answers: The beasts and the birds used the following in their war: guns, torpedoes, claws, barbed wire, poisoned gas, teeth, bayonets, bombs, grenades, bills, cannon, talon, tanks, beaks. KNOW YOUR FLAGS (Continued from page 19) 17. How...ire the two flags to be placed in a group when used in parades? 18. When are the two . flags to be displayed at half-mast? 19. How is a flag displayed at half-mast? 20. How shou Id the .American flag and the Filipino flag be displayed separately? 21. When.should the flags be raised? When lowered? 22. How should the flags be hoisted? H ow a n d when lowered? CANDIDO'S OLD BELT (Continued from page 57) a small post which was sticking up. I don't know why it was there, but it wa,s. "Quickly I grabbed hold of the post and stopped my rolling down the bank. I hung on for dear life, but the post was rough and hurt my hands. I was afraid I would lose my hold. In order to make myself secure, I slipped my. belt oyer the post. Then I was safe enough. "My old belt, of good, . strong leather, did noble service, for it held me safe and sound. Yes, that old belt came into good use. "But although I ·was now in no danger of rolling into the swift current below, I was unable to regain my position at the top of the bank. "I began shouting for help, and my cries were soon heard. Two men came to my rescue in a short time. They lowered a rope to me which I fastened to my strong belt, and I was quickly pulled up to·safety. So you see, Elmer, I might have been drowned had it not been for this old lea the~ belt. I think a great deal of this belt. I want to keep it and wear it for many years to come." "I don't blame you, Candido, for probably the old THE YOUNG CITIZEN leather belt saved your life. I can understand why it has a sentimental value, and why you wear it, even though you have new clothes on. But . tell me, what became of the cat?" "The cat? Oh, she returned home, of · course. Father would not have me again in danger, so the old cat remained around the place, and is still there. Well, I must be going. Goodbye, Elmer." "Goodbye, Coindido." And the two friends parted. ANSWER THESE I. Did you find this an interesting story? 2 .. Why did Candido's father wish to have the cat drowned? 3. Did Candi"do want to drown the cat? 4. What u nex peeled thing did the cat do at the river'bank? 5. What happened to Candido? 6. What was the condition of the river? 7. Why was Candido afraid to fall into the water? · 8. Should every boy learn to swim? Why? 9. How was Candido· kept· from falling into the river? February, 1940 ARTESIAN WELLS (Continued from page 66) 6. Do you und~rstand this diagram? (If not, ask your teacher to explain it to you.) 7. Where were ·artesian wells sunk many centuries ago? 8. Are there artesian wells in the Philippines? i- What can you say of the water from an artesian well? 10. Why is an artesian well a good ·kind of well for the Philippines? · 11. Why is an artesian well a good kind of well for dry or desert lands? 12. Do you· know of any artesian well anywhere in the Philippines? 13. How was it made? 14. How is the pure water kept from becoming impure? 15. Would a municipal artesian well in the Philip-· pines· benefit the health of a community? How? 10. What did he do with his belt? 11. How was he saved? 12. Why did Candido wish to keep the old belt? 13. What become of the cat? February, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN BARRIO LIFE By IRENEO TANEO • I've lived in a b"rrio long enough To know its secrets and simple joys; I hate the city's. never-ending strife, It~ sins, its dusts, and its noise. I like the songs t.he birds sing all day, The lonely Cl"Owing of the cock at morn; I hate the rumble of the streetcar's wheels, The siren's scream, the tooting of the horn. In the barrio the stars seem brighter, The round moon more golden in the sky; · In the city God's million tw.inkling lamps .Above countless man-made neon lights die. •.Teacher, Tingo Primary School, Opon, Cebu. TEN HEALTH COMMANDMENTS (Continued from page 78) rules, and then-follow them. I. FiJl the lungs with fresh air many times dch day and night 2. Eat plenty of green vegetables 'and fruit 3. Drink plenty of water. 4. Have plenty of exercise. 5. Have plenty of work. 6. Learn how to rest. 7. Control your thoughts-avoid those which are evil. 8. Control your emotions. 9. Have faith and confidence in good people. 10. Cultivate many wholesome friendships. TAGGING GAME (Continued from page 78) the middle of the two groups. There should be an equal number of players in each group, and each player js numbered, the numbers in orie group corresponding to !he numbers in the other. A leader stands in the middle and calls out a number. The children in both groups having the number, run to get the handkerchief. A child after getting the handkerchief runs as fast as he can toward his group while the other child runs after him in order to tag· or touch him before the former reaches his line. If the child with the handkerchief reaches his group without being "touched by his pursuer, his group gets a point. If he is . taggi:d before he reaches his line, his group does not get a point. The leader calls out other numbers. The group that gets more points is th_e winner. SPELLING A HOLIDAY (Answ.r1 from P.!I• 76) Water ' (Apostrophe) Angry Shoemaker Sun Birthday Hungry Ice , Indians Rice Noon Thirsty Grass HoMSt • . Teacher Doctor Osmeiia Ashamed Nurse Yellow MUSICAL QUESTIONS (Answm from page 78) I. Bars 6. Measure 2. StaU 7. ·sharp 3. Tie 8. Key 4. Notes 9. Flat 5. Rest I 0. Beat 84 THE KINDNESS-TO ... (Continued from page 64) homes. They had taken a short cut across a field in w_hich a man was plowing with a carabao. "Look! See that man beating his carabao,'' said Jose, who was one of the group. "Yes, evidently the man is in· a hurry to get his field plowed. It looks like rain." T.h e farmer showered blow after blow upon the old carabao in order to make him go taste~. "Let us go and ask him to stop beating his carahao,'' suggested one of the boys. "But he is very angry. He might heat us, too. Let us. think of some other plan," said Jose. "Yes, we better do that. Do you know who the man is?" asked another of the group. "What do you think of our sending him a letter?" Jose asked. "I°know the man. He is named David. You write the letter to him and we will send it,'' answered one the boys. This is the letter which Jose wrote: Dear Mr. David, Were you able to get your field plowed before the rain came? Did your THE YOUNG CITIZEN carabao finally go faster? You were very angry yesterday at your faithful carabao. We pitied him when you w.ere beating him. Please, Mr. David, don't beat your carabao any more. Very sincerely, THE KINDNESS-TOANIMALS CLUB. Jose read the letter to some of the members of the club, and then said, "Let us show it to the principal of our school and ask him if our plan is a good one." So the boys. went to the principal.of the school, Mr. Santos. Jose was the spokesman. "We have grouped ourselves into a club, called the Kindness-to-Arnmals Club, in the hope of promoting kindness to animals. Yesterday some of us saw a man beating his carabao.' So we lire sending him this letter. Do you think it is all right, Mr, Santos?" The principal read the letter. "This is a .good idea," he said, "and I cannot see that it would give offense to 'Mr. I)avid. Perhaps if he sees that somebody noticed what he did yesterday, .he will not beat his carabao again." February, 1940 The boys next went to the home of Mr. David with their letter. "Good afternoon, Mr. David,'' .said Jose. "We hope you will ·not b~ angry with us, but we have brought you a letter." Mr. David took the letter and read· it. Then he said, "You are trying to do the right thing, boys. I am not angry with you, but I am very much ashamed. I am sorry I let my. temper get the be!t of me yesterday. I shall try to keep from ever doing such a thing again." "Thank you, Mr. D.avid. That is what we wanted to hear from you,'' said Jose. A day or so later·, Miss Dizon, their teacher, asked the class if anyone had done anything to promote kindness to animals. Jose was on his feet instantly. "Some of us boys have formed a Kindness-to-Animals Club, Miss Dizon, and we have already had some practical results." Then Jose told the story which I have related. The boys were .com'mend·ed by their teacher. That ~as ·the beginning. The idea of the Kindnessto-Animals Club soon (Please turn to page 86.) February, 1940 A Visit to Baguio By SERAFIN SEASTRES ( 13 years old) MY father; who is a government employee, was 1 assigned to Baguio. So I went to visit him there, and to see the fascinating 'scenery of which I had often heard. Baguio, as the readers of The Young Citizen know, is high up in the mount~ins -more than 5,000 feet above sea level. Because of its cool climate, hundreds of people from the lowland stay there each year during a part of the hot season. The Igorotes who live in the Mountain Province are peaceable and industrious. In the mountains rice terraces are formed where there are streams. Water is brought to the terraces fr om small. streams. A rivulet of water flows over - a terrace, then down to another, then on to another, carrying moisture and food to the young plants. To these mountain people running water is more important than rich soil. These peoTHE YOUNG CITIZEN CLUB Hunting Turtle Eggs By BRAULIO G. INFANTJl: ( 1 7 years old ) WHILE I was visiting my grandmother, who lives near the sea, a boy and I went down to the beach ,to hunt turtle eggs. ·we soon saw a path in the sand; it looked as if something had been dragged along the beach. We knew that the path had been made by a turtle. We follow~d the path-a very crooked one. At first it kept near the water; then it .went back toward the land. At last we came to the end of the turtle trail, p 1 e practiced irrigation many generations ago, although, of course, it was done in a primitive manner, At Baguio there are many beautiful hills and valleys, and everywhere one sees tall, picturesque pine trees. There are also great tree ferns, 12 or 15 feet high. Everywhere beautiful flowers are growing; (Please turn to page 86.) 85 Making Valentines By,..LICIA P. LOPEZ ( 14 years old) BOUGHT some fancy red paper, some black paper, a large piece of cartolina, and a jar of paste. Theri I found my pair of scissors, and was ready to begin making valentines. First I cut out some hearts from my red paper and pasted them on cartolina. Then I outlined some designs on the black paper and cut them out. I pasted one of each of these on a red heart. I cut out Cupid's arrows from white paper and pasted one on the other side of each of the red hearts. (Please turn to page 86.) There we saw many holes in the sand. We began digging in the holes. Presently we found a nest of turtle eggs. We found many eggs in that nest; they were soft, white, and 'tough. We toek the eggs home. Some we kept and some we sold in the market. It is great fun to hunt in the sand for turtle eggs. 86 THE KINDNESS-TO ... (Co11tinued from page 84) spread to the other rooms at that school. From there it quickly spread to neighboring schools. 1 The whole community was influenced. Everywhere boyS--and girls, too -were talking about kindness to animals. As! result everyone who owned a dumb animal in that community was. careful about his treatment of the animal. Many things were done in that section of the province to carry out tho idea of kindness to animals. Boys and girls who have read this story, can you not organize a Kindness,toAnimals Club in your school? Talk to your teacher about the plan. If you would organize such a club, perhaps the organization in time would influence your whole community. In that way you would be doing a splendid piece of work in the place whe:re you live. Why not give the plan a trial? I. Did you like this story? Why? 2. What did Miss Dizon say to her class? 3. What did Jose dp? 4. Tell about the organization of the club. 5. Do· you think you could organize a similar THE YC?UNG CITIZEN A VISIT TO BAGUIO (Continued from page 85) they are larger and brighter in color than the flowers on the lowland. The climate at Baguio is cool-sometimes it is chilly. On days when it is not raining the sunshine seems very bright and beautiful. Baguio is a very delightful place in which to live or to spend a vacation. MAKING VALENTINES '(Continued /r~m page 85) Then I found some verses sui.ted to valentines. I wr~te one of these 'on each heart and addressed one of each to some friend. In an, I made six valentines which I gave to my friends. I think it is much nicer to make valentines than to buy thein. HANDEL ... (Continued from page 69) 13. Can you . name two kinds of compos1t10ns which Handel wrote? 14. What is an opera? ! See the dictionary.) 15. What is an oratorio? 16. Upon what does Haniel's fame rest? - club? 6. Will you talk to your teacher ahout organi~ing such a club? February, 1940 NAUGHTY COTTON (Continued from page 55) her se 1 f sooty-bl~ck in Mother's charcoal basket I SOMETHING. TO DO AND THINK ABOUT 0 I. Draw two pictures af Cotton, one uncolored and the other painted bfack. 2. What new name would you give the kitten when she turned. black? 3. If Cotton were your cat, how would you make her white again? 4. Do you think Mauro knew what would happen to Cotton when he put her in the charcoal basket? 17. Can you tell of Handd's · personal characteristics? 18. What is the· name of Handel's most famous oratorio? 19. What is the story of this oratorio? 20. Can you name a famous chorus in this oratorio? 21. Why do people stand when this chorus is sung? 22. What aflliction came to Handel when he was old? 23. In what y;ear did Handel die? 24. Would you like to hear some music written by Handel? 25. What is the sentence to be remembered? February, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN I--~C_H_A_T_S~w_i_th_t_h_e_E_D_I_T_O_R~_· l BY the time this issue of The Young Citizen is in· your hands, the long vacation will be just around the corner-only a few weeks away. Boys and girls, teachers, read·ers of The Young Citizen, are you planning to make that long vacation pleasant and profitable? Now is the time to begin to make plans. Would you like to earn a few extra pesos during the vacation months? Of course you would. But how? The answer is simple: Write some articles for The Young Citizen. ' "What can I write?" perhaps you're saying. 0 f course, that is for you to decide, but let ine make a suggestion: Look over all the numbers of Volume 5 of T/i.e Young Citizen and all the numbers of Volume 6 which have been published. Perhaps you will get an id e .a-or several ideas. Perhaps you will think of some clever primary reading device which would be new and enjoyable to the thousands of younger Filipfoos who read our magazine. Or you might be able to think up a good short story. Oh, there are many possibilities! Read carefully this February numb·er of The Young Citizen. Notice the Poem for this Month. You might be able to write an acceptable po.em. If you can write a poem which is really good, send it in. Notice the Little Stories for Little People. They are simple-yes. One of. them in this issue-White Patch -was ,written by a school boy in Pampanga. We would like more of. that kind. Can you not write such a simple- little story? Or perhaps you can write a longer story suitable for Reading Time. for Young Folks. We like Mr. Sarmiento's story in this issue -and so will our young Filipino readers, we'll wager. We are always wanting good stories for the young folks. Lieutenant Pandy sent ll very worth-while article about the flags of the Philippines. We are· glad to buy such material as that. Miss Guarin's article in the Character and Citizenship Section in this issue is thoroughly good. We'd like to buy more ~rtii:les of a similar nature. Have you a suggestion for a. poster like the one on page 65? Send in your idea, or make a rough drawingour staff artist will do the rest. Articles for the JI ea/th and Safety Section are always in demand. So is material for the Work and Play Section. Some clever articles in that section this month are by Mr. Muiioz, Mr. Cuasay, Miss Albert, and others. We would like some more gooa material. If you are interested in cooking, why not send us same of your favorite recipes? We need tested recipes for Tiu Young Citizen Pantry. Boys and girls, we always want short articles for the ·, page set aside for The What-A re-You-Doing! Club, if they are interesting. What are you doing that wauld be worth writing aboµt? And so, readers of Thi! Young Citizen, why not plan to prepare a· number· of articles for our magazine during the long vacation which is only a few weeks away? Not only will you be earning a little pocket money, but you also will be developing yo.ur tal.ent as a writer. Think it over, and see what you can do.' Goodbye. -The Editor. 88 DELFIN MAKES A ... (Continued from page 54) fin's valentine? I'm quite sure she did.-Adapted. SOME QUESTIONS TO ANSWER I. Why was Delfin sending valentines? 2. To whom was he sending valentines? 3. What kind of valentine was he sending to his teacher? 4. What about the valentine for his mother? THE YOUNG CITIZEN 5. Can you tell about Delfin's spelling paper and number-work paper? 6. What did he write en the valentine for his mother? 7. Why would his mother like her valentine from Delfin? 8. Do you like to send valentines to your friends? Why? 9. Would you like to send your mother a valentine like the one Delfin sent Nature's For Better Health fUWriit!( BETTER ... Jll' WHYS Sunkist Speaks overKZRH 7:1S to 7:30 Daily-7:4S to 8:00 P.M. Mon., Wed., (Spanish), Fri., and 7 :30 to 8 :DO P:M. Sun. February, 1940 to his mother? 10. Would your mother be pleased? (Try it and see.) RIDDLES (Answers from pa9e 78) I. The two ears. 2. Tongue. 3. Coconut. 4. Jackfruit. 5. Candle. 6. The eye of a needle. 7. A centavo coin. 8. The bridge of your nose. 9. Mango. 10. It does not get out of its bed. AN EXERCISE IN READING AND RECOGNIZING .. , (A nswer1 from page 50) I. No. 3 (grasshopper) 2. No. 2 (a.nt) 3. No. 5 (acacia) 4. No. 1 (sun) 5. No. 4 (Moon) Announcement to All Our Young Readers: Did you ever do something interesting and worth while? Have you had any experience in doing any of the following: (1) Collecting Philippine Shells, (2) Hunting Turt.les, (3) Exploring a Volcano, (4) Catching Sha1·ks, (6) Making an Aquarium, (6) Collecting Postage Stamps, (7) Visiting Famous Churches of the Philippines, (8) }faking a Garden, (9) Raising Flowe1·s, (10) Making Candies, (11) Building a Sail Boat, (12) Hunting for Wild Animals, (13) Baking Bread or Cakes, (14) :Making- Al'ticles of Clothing, (16) Making Articles of Furniture, (16) Visiting the Aqua-. rium in Manila, (17) Collecting Moths and Butterflies, (18) Collecting Interesting Bol.amcal Specimens, (19) Raising Orehids, (20) Visiting Primitive Peoples in the Philippines, ~r doing many other interesting things. WRITE ABOUT IT IN A SHORT QOMPOSITION. Send your composition to The Young Citizen. Each month the Editor of The Yaung Citizen will publish as man1• of the best compositions as space will permit. • ' . if your composition is accepted for publication, you will become a member of The What-Are-You-Doing? Club. T_he rules for securing membership are simple. OBSERVE THE FOLLOWING RULES: 1. Write about something interesting which you have done, such as the above titles suggest. Do not write a story which is not true. If your story is accepted, you are a member of the Club. 2. On your composition write your name and address VERY PLAINLY. S. State your age. 4.. Tell what you liked best in recent issues of The Young Citizen. Address all letters to : The What-Are-You-Doing? Club Care of Community Publishers, Inc. Publishers of The Young Citizen P. 0. Box 685. Manila, Philippines For service and sdtisfa~tion, write withINKO GRAPH PENCIL-POINTED FOUNTAIN PEN The most practical fountain pen you can buy•' Versatile--it writes well on any kind of paper-rough, smooth, thin, thick, wrapping, or blotting paper. It can easily make four carbon copies . .. , It fits any hand-stands rough handling-draws lines, without smearing the ruler with ink. Prices: from 'PJ.OO to 'P4-50 (Add 25 centavos for postage) Inkograph fountain pens are the product of well-known American manufacturen; INKOGRAPH COMPANY, INC., New Yo,k, U. S. A. Sold exclusively by . COMMUNITY PUBLISHERS, INC. Crystal Arcade Escolta, Manila The Uses of THE YOUNG CITIZEN Approved in Acad. Bull. NO. 11, series 1935 The Director of Education, in his letters of Nov. 4, 1937 and Jan. I4, I939, indicated the following points: I. The YOUNG CITIZEN is ideal for audience reading, group project~, and the like. 2. The YOUNG CITIZEN can be of much help in encouraging reading habits on a voluntary basis. 3. Authority is given for the placing of one or more subscriptions for every classroom (including barrio schools) of Grade II and above. . 4. In addition to subscriptions for classrooms, several subscriptions may be placed for the library, and one for the Home Economic!) Building and one for the shop building. 5. The YOUNG CITIZEN being the only magazine· ever published in the Philippines for children, the Bureau of Education has taken much interest in its development. \ 6. Subscnpt1ons to magazine intended for pupils should be on full year basis. ~ Tl11s magazwe zs published 12 tunes a }tar COMMUNITY PUBLISHERS, INC. MANILA }t1*m~H~l\\ff51i3 ••'i"i'Ell= .,, ~atqs>.s,\_~