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The Young Citizen: The Magazine for Young People

Media

Part of The Young Citizen: The Magazine for Young People

Title

The Young Citizen: The Magazine for Young People

Description

In the Young Citizen you will always find materials for children: Stories, Poems, Contests and Things-To-Do, Art, History, and Nature Study, Interesting Features, Book Chats, Science and Health, and more.

Issue Date

Volume 6 (Issue No. 5) May 1940

Publisher

Community Publishing, Inc.

Year

1940

Language

English

Subject

Children's literature, Philippine (English)

Children's literature.

Philippine literature (English)

Rights

Place of publication

Manila

extracted text

MAY, 1940 Ml<?r lt . °'IM). I> 30 Centavos ~itttWlHG@5\WB1-"'iiffi~·filiiiIIB~~ I r. ~ r l Announcement to All Writers: - - - - 0 - - - - We Will Pay You for wri:ting articles of meri:t for publica:tion in THE YOUNG CITIZEN. We want interesting children's storiu from 200 to 500 w_ords in length; also games, reading devices, articles of historical interest, elementary science and health articles, puzzles, jokes, and playlets. We also 't\ish to buy several good serial stories. Interesting stories less than 200 words in length are de~ired for Little People. Xou can add to your income by writing for us. Primary Teachers: We especially desire various kinds of interesting material suitable for Firs:!. Second. and Third Grade Pupils. We will pay teachers and others for material which we can use. Each article should be written in clear, easy, correct English, on one side of the paper, typewritten if possible, or written by hand neatly and legibly. The article should be submitted with a self-addressed stamped envelope, otherwise the publishers will not return it to the writer in case it cannot be used. · Address all communications to: The Managing Editor The Young Citizen Care of Community Publishers, Inc. P. 0. Box 685, Manila, Philippines • For First Graders \\'hat Do You Use These For?-Pt1blo M. Cuasay Drawing and Printing ................ , . • For Second Graders The Fish-Rufina Pii:arro My Sister-Lua: Gabriel . • For Third Graders 16& 169 170 171 The Frog-Mauo Pilllarro , ............................ , 172 The Plowman-Luz Gabriel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . 173 Word Selection-Lourdn L, Galmo ............................. , . . 173 • Stories The Selfish Little Tree-Doforu Pineda . . . . . . . . 17+ The Origin of Bais Islands-Cesario Cabugnason . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 The Orphan-Gonzalo Ignacio de Ponreal . , . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 The Rice Pot and the Seed of Youth-Angelo K. Ozoa . 177 • Poems Oh, Little Boat-Hugo Mil/tr May-Marulo Collantes A Boy-A.rturo Sinco ...... , ..... , . The Church To\ver-Jl/rs. Saturnina Capistrano The Bontoc Mountaineer-Juan Butd The Childrea-Pablo 'M trctd Manila Bay-J. M. H. • Character and Citizenship Vacation Days-Dr._ I. Panlasigui ..... . The Beggar's Story-Pelucia Q. Mario . • C;l7cictle S~i~~~;wering Plants ....... .. ~~l~ort in Lanao--Fruttuoso M. Balr;uiedra . • Music Appreciation Mozart, the Boy Prodigy-Bui Paul Osbon .. • Elementary Science The Emperor of the Jungle • Health and Safety Fire! Fire!-Mrs. Aurelia F. del Pilar ............... . Daily Health Activities for Boys and Girls-Flora Ponce Work and Play The Funny Page . . . . . . ... The Thumb Gold.....,..Angel P. Campoy . . . . , •.. The "T" Puzzle-Bonifacio P. Pa/era ..... , .•• Educational Crossword Puzzle-Lourdes L. Galtno What-Are-You-Doing Club . , .......•.... Chats with the Editor . .. . , ....................... .. 167 17& 17& 17& 17& 17& 17& 167 l&O l&I 1&2 1&4 "' . . . . . . . 188 189 179 190 190 191 194 196 Published monthly by the Community Publishers. IDe.., I!! Cf7$1 Area.de," Escolta. Manila. Phllippinee. Entered ae Second ClaH Mail Matter at the MaJllia Post Office 01I May 16, 1936. Editorial Director: Joff E. Bom#o; Mauaains F.dltor: Bm Paid 01b-: Contrlbuti.J:is Editors: Dr. I. Pa:Klarigui and Q1liric.o A. Cr=; StaH Artist: Pedro Pfl.l1VVI,; Bwdneu Manager: &'milia- Gareia S.0-1". Subacriptlon Price: P3.00 for one J'e&r of 12 llll!lleS: $2.00 In the Untted States and forelp countrlea. Single copy, 30 oentavoa. SubN'Tiptiona are to be pai\d to C&rnmunitv P.W!Wlwrs, 1,..,. Tl-ll; MAGAZINE; !=OR YOUNG Pr;OPLJ; 166 ! THE YOUNG CITIZEN May, 194() VACATION DAYS We are all having a good time! We do not go to school. There are no assigned lessons to study. We just do what we please. We eat, play,. and sleep. Some of us will be sorry when vacation days are over. But, alas, sometimes in doing only what pleilses us during the vacation days, we forget some of the good and beautiful things we learned in school. In school 'We learned to keep the schoolrooms and sch.ool grounds clean. Our teachers and we were very proud of our neat and clean schoolroom, buildings, and yards. Do we keep our house neat and clean during vacation? How about our own yard? How about the town streets and the town plaza? Are they clean? We. are now living in Baguio, in an apartment below another one. There are several boys and girls who are living in the apartment above ours. These boys and girls forget that there are people living in the apartment just below theirs. They run, jump, push chairs, walk with heavy steps, drag their slippers -indeed, make all sorts of noise such as the kind we hear in a gymnasium. '1n the afternoon we like to have a little siesta, but the disturbance is too loud to give us a nap. We have very little sleep at night because of the noise late at night and early in the morning. I wonder whether these boys and girls are school children. If they are, they have failed to practise what. they learned in school about thinking of others. These are vacation days! Are we practising the good and beautiful things we learned in school? Do we leave everything in school during vacation time? If so, then we are not learning anything. For we learn a thing only when we practise what . we have learned, not only in school but also outside of it. May, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 107 O~, LTTTLt f>OAT .. , ----~~-=1 ] 168 THE YOUNG CITIZEN May, 1940 FOR FIRST GRADERS WHAT DO YOU USE THESE FOR? By PABLO M. CUASAY COM e. TOOTl-t e,RUSM ru -~ ~ SCISSORS TOWEL TOOTH PA5TE ~. SOAP SHOE: 5 CLl:.AN Cl.OTH.J: ~AT Direction: Fill the blanks of the sentences below with the names of the right objects drawn above. 1. I wear - - or - - to protect my feet. 2. I use - - to clean my hair. 3. I wash my hands with--. 4. I wear - - after taking a bath. 5. I wipe my face with clean 6. I clean my teeth with - - and--. 7. I use my own - - after washing my face. 8. I cut my finger nails with 9. I clean my comb with --. 10. I use my - - to protect my .head from heat and cold. May, 1940. THE YOUNG CITIZEN FOR FIRST GRADERS DRAWING AND PRINTING Draw .these pictures. Make them very big. Print the words. Spell them, too. THE YOUNG CITIZEN May, 1940 FOR SECOND GRADERS THE FISH By RUFINA PIZARRO* ( 10 years old) . A FISH· swam in the deep, deep sea; He was as sad as he could be, Because he could not jump, or run, Or fly, or walk to have some fun. "I cannot talk or sing," he said; "Oh, dear! I wish that I were dead." SOME FISH QUESTIONS Write each answer on the line below the question. 1. Where does a fish live? 2. Can a fish swim well? 3. Can a fish walk? 4. Can a fish jump? 5. What does a fish eat? • Pupil, Pacdal Elementary School, Bapio. 6. What helps a fish swim? 7. Did you ever catch a fish? 8. Did you ever have a pet fish? 9. What are the names of different kinds of fish that you know? May, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN FOR SECOND GRADERS MY SISTER By LUZ GABRIEL• I have a little pretty sister, Her name is Aurora; She likes to play "Mother'' To her baby doll called Flora. She eats much and cries a little, She likes to run around with our cat; She is a brave little girl, But she is afraid of a rat! SELECTING THE CORRECT ANSWERS Place a line under the word which is correct. 1. My sister's name is (Nora, Flora, Aurora, Sara). 2. She is (pretty, ugly, dirty, big). 3. She likes to play (hide-andseek, "mother'', "father", "catchme-if-you-can"). • Tondo, Manila. 4. The name of her doll is (Rita, Flora, Dora, Josefa). S. She likes to run around with our (dog, monkey, cat, horse). 6. She eats (little, much, enough, too much). 7. My sister is afraid of (a mad dog, cat, mouse, the dark). THE YOUNG CITIZEN May, 1940 FOR THIRD GRADERS THE FROG By MATEO PIZARRO• ( 12 years old) A FROG ·sat on a large green leaf, His eyes were round and sad; "Had I a · fishing rod," said he, "I could catch a fish for tea, But as it is, I sit and sigh, As all the little fish swim by." SOME FROG 9UESTIONS Write each' answer on the line below the question. 1. Where does a frog live? 2. Can a frog swim well? · 3. Can a frog jump well? 4. What kind of mouth has a frog? ~ • Pupil, Pacdal Elementary School, Baguio. 5. What does a frog eat? 6. When a frog is a baby, what is he called? 7. Does a tadpole have a tail? 8. Does a frog have a tail? 9. Do you like to hear the frogs croak? May, 1940 THI: YOUNG CITIZEN 173 FOR THIBD GRADERS THE PLOWMAN By LUZ GABRIEL The tired plowman is walking away, On his shoulders his useful plow; He goes pappily homeward at the close of day, For his loved ones are waiting for him now. SOME QUESTIONS 1. What is the plowman carrying? 2. What time of the day do you think is it? 3. Why is the plowman tired? 4. Where has the plowman been? · 5. Why is he happy as he goes )lomeward? Direction: Underline the word in the parentheses that matches with the word in the left. Example: slippers-(ears, feet, head) 1. feet-(cry, eat, walk) 2. ring-(hair, finger, toe) 3. eyes-(see, run, talk) 4. wings-(roll, fly, jump) 5. clock-(time, face, sleep) 6. nose-(smell, drink, eat) 7. ears-(hop, hear, hold) 8. pencil-(skip, sfand, write) 9. scissors-(call, cut, beat) 10. ink--'-(pencil, fountain pen, pen) 11. bracelet-(legs, arm, table) 12. water-( drink, eat, hungry)· 13. hat-(head, hen, eyes) 14. chair-(sleep, stand, sit) 15. ship-(clouds, sea, street) 16. eggs-(hen, deer, goat) 17. comb--(hair, grass, head) 18. road-(sky, ocean; land) 19. chalk-(paper, blackboard, leaves) 20. book-(read, eat, play) THE Y<!>UNG CITIZEN May, 1940 THE SELFIS~ LITnE TREE By DO"ORES PINEDA THERE was once a selfish little tree which lived in the great woods. Many fine trees grew near it. One da·y a man came walking into the w~ods. "Oh, kind man," said the selfish little tree, "come and cut down all these other trees." "Why do you want me to cut down all the other trees?" asked the man. "Because they are so big," said the selfish little tree. "I want more room. I want to see the sun. I want to grow tall and big. I should like to be the tallest tree in the woods." So the man cut down all the other trees. The little tree now stood all alone. "How happy I shall be!" said the selfish little tree." Now I can have all the room I w:i/nt." B~t the next day the sun came out, and 1t was very hot. There were '10 kind trees to give cool shade. "I am so hot and thirsty," said the selfish tree. Then the cruel strong wind began to blow. Then were no kind trees to keep the wind away. "I am afraid," said the selfish little tree. ''I wish the kind big trees were here beside me. What am I to do?" Just then th·e strong w'ind blew again. It blew, and it blew, and it blew, and at last. it broke the selfish tree in two. "Snap!" it went. "What a foolish tree!" said all the birds. "Now you will be sorry you asked the man to cut down all the big trees. They , ,wer·e your best friends. They hid you from the hot sun. They kept the strong wind away from you." "Oh, what a foolish, 'selffish little tree!" SOME QUESTIONS I. What is a selfish person? 2. What did the selfish little tree ask the man to do? 3. Why did the little tree want the other trees cut down? 4. Why was the little tree foolish? 5. Are you ever selfish? May, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 175 THE ORIGIN OF BAIS ISLAND By CESARIO CABUGNASON ' IN the beautiful, blue Bais Bay lie two islands which look like two giant monsters waiting for prey and guarding the progressive town of Bais, about a mile away, from unfriendly invaders. The two islands are green with bamboo and coconut trees, and the rolling hills which are like the backs of prehistoric animals serve as good landmarks to sailors and fishermen. Althouh they are conveniently known as )his Islands, they have a name of their own. One island, which is about one and a half kilometers wide and two kilometers long, is called Ukyot. The other, circular in form and with a diameter of about one kilometer, is called Malingin. There is a legend connected with these two islands. Long, long ago the beautiful Bais Bay was a blue expanse of sea. The people of the then Bais village could look far into the horizon, for the two islands were not yet existing. The villagers, an agricultural folk, wer·e happy and contented. On Mt. Camboylao, in the mainland of Negros, lived a gray-h.aired 111an . named Ukyot and his wife Malingin. Ukyot was possessed with a supernatural power. At his command he could give the people rain and sunshine and rich or poor crops. That.is why the people of Bais fear·ed and respected him. Once a year when the harvest was good, they set aside a day for feasting and merrymaking in honor of and gratitude to Ukyot and his wife. One day Ukyot was very angry with the villagers because they had disobeyed his orders. He had ordered them not to plant·rice on a certain region, except corn and sugar cane. In need of rice, the villagers secretly planted rice between the corn. When Ukyot found this out, he was so angry that he let Mt. Camboylao shake and rumble in loud detonations and belch forth burning lava and ·ashes. 1'he whole island of N egros shook, and the people thought that· the end of the world had come. They trembled with fear and sought the help of Malingin, Ukyot's wife, who was generous and kind-hearted. Taking pity on the villagers, Malingin spoke to her husband on the people's behalf, ·assuring him that they would not disobey him again. Ukyot was doubly angered by Malingin's entreaty. "So you love those disobedient, dishonest people more than you love me," Ukyot thundered. "Leave me alone. I know what I am doing. Because by speaking for them you virtually disapprove·of my act, we shall be separated henceforth. You stay liere with those whom you love (Please 'turn to page 195) THE YOUNG CITIZEN May, 1940 THE ORPHAN By GONZALO IGNACIO DE PONREAL ENRIQUE lay sobbing in his bed. It was a chilly night. The tapping of the rain on the roof of the house and on the leaves - of the trees outside was a mournful sound. Enrique was sobbing not because he was afraid. He had been used to being alone for many dreadful nights like this. Before his mother died a few weeks b·ef ore, happiness and contentment reigned in that house, but since her death it became a place of gloom and sorrow. His father bee am e inconsiderate and unkind. He always went out and returned home late. Sometimes he would come home drunk, _and during his drunken state he would beat E~rique at a little provocation. There were occasions when Enrique would think of running away, but his fear, because he was only twelve years old, always overcame his desire. And then he would wish that he had a brother or a sister to keep him company. Sometimes, lying in his bed, he wondered why her mother should die. He could not understand why other children were happy while he was not. He had heard about the good people going to heaven after death, and the bad going to hell. He was quite sure his mother was in heaven because she w·as very good, kind, and loving. "'Mother, please come back to me," he sobbed. "Please take me with you." Tired, he presently fell asleep, breathing softly in the dark. ''Enrique," a voice spoke, "I've come to see you." "Mother! You're here! I'm happy to see you. I've been calling for you to come back. And now you're here." "Yes, I have always heard you. That's why I've come. • ...-:: But don't come ~near me, son," the boy's mother ,,( said as he raised 1~his arms to ' ~ touch her. · ' "But why, - · Mother? I can· not understand.''' "No, you cannot understand. But I shall always always be· with you, Enrique. So do not feel unhappy. I'm now going, son. I'm coming back, when you need me." "Mother! ·I'm going with you. I'm unhappy her·e. Mother, don't go-yet!" the boy cried, getting up. · Two hands held him. "What happened, Enrique?" It was his father's (Please turn to page 195) May, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN THE RICE POT AND THE SEED OF YOUTH A..1 leg_end By ANGELO K. OZOA ,ONCE there was an old couple living in 'a certain village. They were very poor, but were kind. One day an old man in rugged clothes came to the house of the couple and asked for food and lodging. They fed 0 the visitor and treated him very hospitably. They gave him their bamboo bed and their only other mat and blanket, while the co'uple slept on the floor. The next day the husband found out th.at they had nothing to eat, for theif guest had eaten all the food. He 'fas , talking with his wife about what to do and where to get their next meal when the visitor spoke to them. "You have no mor~ rice?" The visitor asked. "If there is no more rice, please bring the pot to me." The old couple looked at each other for a moment, and then the wife went to the· littk kitchen to get a pot which 'she gave to the stranger. "Also please give me a ladle and a plate," the strange man asked. The husband gave him the ladle and the plate. Then he and his wife watched what the stranger was going to do with the pot, the ladle, and the plate. Holding the ladle, the stranger began to take out rice from the empty pot. The coupk rubbed their eyes 'to be sure that they were not dreaming. · "Give me one more plate," the stranger said. Another was given to the stranger, and t11is was soon filled with hot, steaming rice. The wife began to tremble with fear because she was thinking their visitor was a witch, and he was trying to play on them a trick. "Who are you?" the husband finally asked. Suddenly, the stranger was trans·formed into a handsome, dazzling figure, and said, "I am God. · I have come to test you. I have found you kind and hospitable, and so I shall giv·e you this rice pot as a reward. This pot will always be full." Saying so, the stranger stood up. "I am going now. Goodbye." Instantly the stranger disappeared. A week later, another stranger came to their house. They welcomed the stranger and entertained him with all hospitality and kindness. When he left, he gave a seed to the couple, saying, "Plant this seed. When it grows, gather the leaves and place them· in the water that you use for bathing." And then the stranger bade goodbye. (Please turn to page 193) THE YOUNG CITIZEN May, 1940 A PAGE OF SELECTED POEMS MAY THE BONTOC MOUNTAINEER By MARCELO COLLANTES The flowers begin to bloom, Songs of birds fill the air; Young and old seem. to beam with joy, For it is lovely May again. * A BOY By ARTURO SINCO As I was walking, one day, down the street, I saw a boy fast sleeping on his seat; His untidy neck and cheeks were red Perhaps because he did not sleep on a bed. A loaf of bread was in the pocket of his shirt) And the nails that aimosl touched it were full of dirt; · His uncombed, curly hair was as black as nightThe boy, indeed, was a pitiful sight. His shirt and pants were in places torn, For weeks unwashed he had them worn, As dusty streets and alleys dark he did roam Because he had no place to call his home. * THE CHURCH TOWER By. MRS. SATURNINA CAPISTRANO Far up in the old church tower Bells are ringing ev'ry hour, Singing ev'ry day this song: Ding, ding, dong! Ding, ding, dong! Hear the" ringing, sweet and cltar, To the people far and near! Singing ev'ry day this song: Ding, ding, dong! Ding, ding, dong! By JUAN BUED W lien I come down from the green high h~ ' To the lowlands and the plain, I f~el that I must go back to the heights, To the pine-covered slopes again. At last, when my errand's done, And the need of the journey's o'er, I'll fling the dust of the plain from my feet, And return to the hills once more. For I'm no kin to the lowlands, Crouched tamely 'neath the sky; i !ong ·for the hard trail tipped in the sun' Tis there I shall live and die. * THE CHILDREN By PABLO MERCED Noisy and troublesome though they may b.e, Ragged and dirty-not pleasant to see, !Jorn in a nipa hut, shabbily dressed, Yet treasures of love dwell in each little breast, Waiting to open: Oh, seek you the key. Feet that shall soon lead, today may' be led, Hands that shall govern are governed instead, Minds w.hose ripe powers the nation shall swayTrain them aright-they will rule us some day. * MANILA BAY By J.M. H. On the bay the ships go sailing, Sailing off to sea, Sailing off to distant countries Where I'd like to be. . ---~ <:_____ 5 .. YOUNG CITIZEN THE 179 180 THE YOUNG CITIZEN M~y, 1940 CHARACTER .AND CITIZENSHIP SECTION THE BEGGAR'S STORY By PELUCIA Q. MARIO • CARMEN was the only child of Mrs. Quirirlo. She was eight years old, very pretty, _and industrious, too. But she had one bad trait, laughing at the mis" fortune of others. Near her home lived an old lame woman. Carmen always stopped from her work to molest her whenever the old woman passed by. She would make funny remarks about the poor woman's dress that was untidy and had patches in several places. If the woman would not mind her, Carmen would go down to tease her and sometimes pull her !fress. This made the poor woman very sad indeed. The little girl's mother was greatly worried about Carmen's conduct. Mrs. Quirino always told her not to trouble· the old woman. She would at times *Central School, Caoayan, Ilocos Sur. whip her when· she lost her temper. But Carmen a,lways · seemed to. forget her good mother's coun_sel and would tease the old nei~hbor again ~nd a:gain. . One rainy evening while· Carmen was at supper wi~h some 6f her cousins, there was a voice at the 'door. ;"Apo"," it said, "please let me in." Carmen ran to the door, and, finding an old, bent, blind beggar, ~he demanded in a haughty voice, "Whp are you? and what do you want?" "I am very hungry and cold," said the ·beggar. "Go to another house," spoke the haughty girl, closing the door with a bang. · Her mother heard Carmen's harsh and. unkind reply. "Let him in," Mrs. Quirino commanded. "It's raining and very cold outside." "But, Mother," protested Carmen, "he is just one of those blind beggars." "Not another word!" Mrs. Quirino said sharply. After supper the children gathered around the old man. "Do tell us a sto. ry, Apo. They say that old folks know a lot of stories," one of the children said. "You may tell us about yourself," another· spoke. The beggar coughed and cleared his throat. "I was once a strong, goodlooking boy," he began; "But in my young days there was no sport I like better than to laugh at those who were less fortunate than I. Near my house lived an old man named Adiong who was blind in one (Please turn to pa9e 192) Mar, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN THE YOUNG CITIZEN May, 1940 SOCIAL SCIENCE SECTION AN OLD FORT IN LANAO By FRUCTUOSO M. BALQUIEDRA • Ruins of Fort Almonte Courttsy of Mr. J. Srott McCormiclr. HISTORY tells us that Magellan, sailing under a commission from the king of Spain, discovered the Philippines in 1521. Then for more than three hundred years Spain tried to establish in this country a government which would make the people peaceful and law-abiding citiu:ns. Some historians say that the cross and the sword which Magellan planted were significant: the cross was the symbol of the triumph of Christianity and the sword signified power and strength. Simultaneously with the spread of the teach.ings of the · Catholic ch~rch in the Islands, forts were built in many places, especially in those places where peace and order were most needed. . Many forts were built in Mindanao. One of these was Fort Almonte, erected during the latter part of the 19th century. • Academic Supervisor for Lanao Public Schools. soldiers. As there are no written records of Fort Almonte to be obtained iii. the povince of Laitao·; the writer interviewed personally several o 1 d · natives of the province.' These were Moro Ba'. randia o f Causuagan, Datu Ande of Liangan, and Martin Gagara of lligan. The 'two Marana_os actually witnessed the building of Fort Almonte, as well as other activities of the· Spanish If you will look at the map o·f Lanao, you will find Liangan, a barrio of the Municipality of Kolambugan, 36 kilo" meters west of lligan. Seventy years ago Liangan was almost inaccessible to Christian people. Maranaos controlled all the territory from lligan to Kolambugan and beyond. Liangan was very , much like a hidden place in the hetrt of the unexplored jungle. A Cfilistian who would attempt to Jive in this plac· e would surely ~ncounter hunger and sickness, and perhaps death. There were no roads like those which we have at present, and of course no automobiles, no buses, a:nd no calesas. Wild pigs wandered in the forest, monkeys jumped from tree to tree, and a host of Maranao outlaws roamed from place to place. Water transportation was the only means of travel from lligan to various ·towns and barrios along the shores. May, 1940 rHE YOUNG CITIZEN Then Fort Almonte was built. What caused the Spaniards to build Fort All\!Onte? According to Martin Gagara of Iligan, Maranaos along the seashore were then engaged in salt making. But this industry ~as not the principal motive of the Maranaos for settling along the seashore. The principal motive was to capture the Christians who came sailing in vintas close to the shores. When these Maranaos sighted a vinta moving along close to the shore, they would sail out, seize the Christian vinta, and take ·it to the shore. Often the messengers of the government who carried messages and letters from Misamis Occidental to Iligan and return were captured hy these Maranaos. Because of such annoyances, the building of Fort Almonte was undertaken. As soon as it was decided to build a fort, the government lost no time in blazing a trail to Liangan. Then the Spanish soldiers came. Officers and soldiers left behind them their families and the comforts enjoyed in the civilized world. They came in vintas to Liangan. ·First they built a wooden fo.rt on the south bank of the Liangan river. The concrete well for supplying drinking water may still be seen there. Few in number, they suffered from lack of food and from skirmishes with the Maranaos. This fact is atteste<;l by Datu Ande of Liangan. The Maranaos ambushed and robbed the soldiers at night. Sometimes in broad daylight they attacked their fort. They committed many atrocities in order to discourage the Spaniards. Finally the soldiers decided to lnove to the north bank of the Liangan r iver to the site where the ruins of historical Fort Almonte now stand. · The reason for transferring the fort.from the south bank of the river to the north was because on the norih bank there was a more desirable position which would be difficult ·for the Maranaos to reach, since they would have to cross the river to. do so. At present Liangan is a small barrio of less than one hundred houses. It would be hard for a visitor to believe that once it was a very lively place where soldiers and officers and their senoras and· children lived and enjoyed life. But this was true according to Datu Ande and Moro Barandia. After years of fighting, the Maranaos and the Christians became friends. Amay Buaya, Amay Pago, and Datu Sangcayo were the peaceful Maranaos who in many instances "broke bread" with the soldiers. thoto9ral/1 by Court_e11 of Mr. J. Scott M~Cormici. "A Grou; of ProfJindal 0//icials of Lanao at the Ruins of Forth Almonte T he fort was abandoned by the Spaniards immediately after the downfall of 'the Spanish government in the Isl ands. According to (Please turn to page 192.) THE YOUNG CITIZEN May, 1940 MUSIC APPRECIATION SECTION GREAT COMPOSERS OF MUSIC By BERT PAUL OSBON• IV. J\10zART, THE BOY PRODIGY Morart WHAT, you ask, is a boy prodigy? I will tell you. When a very young boy is able to do some difficult thing so well that he astonishes many people by his ability, that boy is called a pr"od igy. The great composer Mozart (pronounced motsart), when a boy, was a musical prodigy, for when this wonder-child was only three years old he could play chords on the harpsichord-the forerunner of the piano-and at the age of five he wrote music. When he was ten years old he was considered by many people to be the greatest musician in the world at that time. Now let us hear about this marvelous musician and composer, who, as a boy, was considered a musical wonder-child. This boy's name was Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. He was born in Salzburg, Austria in 1756. (Find Salzburg on the map of Central Europe.) His father was a musician, and one of the kindest and most loving of fathers. He was *Former)~, Head of the Music D epartment, Shortridge High School, ·Indianapolis, Indiana, U.S. A. good to his little son Wolfgang and Wolfgang's little sister Anna, whom her brother affectionately called Nannerl. Never were two children happier. When Wolfgang was three years o\d, his father was amazed and delighted when he saw the little boy stand by the harpsichord and pick out chords for himself. Soon Father Mozart began to give Wolfg~ng lessons .. The little boy learned so fast that in a short time he was able to play a minuet after practicing it only half an hour. , At. the age of five years the boy ,actually began to compose music for himself, and wrote a minuet which the writer has seen. One day Father Mozart found his little son writing away on some music very busily indeed. The elder Mozart ' asked the child what he was writing. "I am writing a concerto; it is nearly finished," said the wonderful boy. When Wblfgang was six, his father decided to take Nan n er 1 and her brothrr to the great city of Munich, and ·have them play together on the harpsichord before the king. The king anrl - The Boy tJ,.0 , 1 a.n who heard May, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN the children play were astonished and delighlled.' Father Mozart was so pleased at the success of his children, especially the little boy, that he decided to take them to Vienna, where the emperor and empress lived. The Empress Maria Theresa-a woman famous in ·history -ordered that the children should come to the palace and play for her. Most boys and girls would be frightened if asked to play for a great empress in a beautiful palace. But little Wolfgang was not afraid. He asked for a famous .c9mpicture at the beginning of this article. The instrument was a very fine one, and was mad·e 1'y one of the master violinmakers. Mo'zart took his violin home with him, and soon afrer, a famous violinist came to make the family a visit. To the amazement of all, little Wolfgang asked permission to play his violin with his father and the famous violinist. Father Mozart never supposed for a minute that his young son could play the difficult music on the violin. Imagine the father's surprise· and delight when the marv e 11 o us boy played his part o n the violin without a single mistake. poser of music, and when he came, the little Mozart said to him, "Sir, I am going to play one of your concertos. You must turn the pages of music for me." A concerto (pronounced con - chair-to), as perhaps you know, is a diffic u It composition for a solo lfilozarl and his Sister Playin9 before the Empress Wolfgang and his sister N annerl visited many great cities where they played so wonderfully in public that people could not do enough to honinstrument with an accompaniment by the orchestra. Only a very skillful musician can perform a concerto. But this wonderful boy played the difficult music perfectly . . One of the illustrations of this article is a copy of a famous painting showing the boy Mozart and his sister N annerl playing before the empress. When Mozart went home from Vienna, he carried with him as a present a violin of which he was Wery proud, indeed. This is the violin shown in the or them. Their fortune seemed assured. The Ii t t I e family traveled. from palace to palace, giving concerts for kings and q~ens. They went to London and to Paris, a great journey for those times. Audiences exclaimed over the musical ability of the pretty children. They could scarcely believe that the little boy composed, as well as played much of the music on the program. · Always exquisitely dressed in a court costume of velvet and silk, little Wolf(Pleau turn to pa9e 189.) 186 THE YOUNG CITIZEN May, 1940 ELEMENTARY SCIENCE SECTION THE EMPEROR OF THE JUNGLE THE largest and most powerful o(Iiving land animals at the present time is the elephant, which can usually overcome the attacks of any other inhabitant of the jungle. Therefore the elephant may be called "the emperor of the jungle." Far better than the lion, it deserves the title "'the king of beasts." Although fossil remains of various kinds of elephants are found in every zone of the eastern and western continents, the elephant is today represented In the African species both .male and female elephants have tusks, but only male Asiatic elephants are tusked. In Ceylon· even the males are usually without tusks. The food of the African variety consists of roots, which it digs with its tusks, and of boughs, shrubs, and small ttees. The food of the Asiatic variety is less coarse; it consists of grains, fruits, sugar cane, bamboo shoots, grasses, leaves, and juicy plants. · In both species the position of the knee of the hand leg is such as to cause it to bend like the foreleg, giving the elephant a strange gait when compared with that of the horse. by only two species, the African and the Asiatic. The A fr i ca n elephant is theIarger of the two species. It attains eleven feet in height, while the Asiatic elephant never exceeds ten feet. The African representative a I so h as African Elephants The habits' of the two species are similar. All larger ears and larger, coarser teeth. The forehead of the African elephant is convex, while that of the Asiatic species is concave. The trunk of the African type appears regularly ridged, as if it were segmented, arid the margins of the end form two prehensile finger-like tips. The trunk of the Asiatic elephant is smooth· and tapering, and it. has but one prehensile tip. In both species the trunk is formed by the union of the nose with the upper lip. elephants are social, and herds numbering from 10 to 100 or more, usually led by females, are found in forests in the neighborhood of streams, although they move into open country during the rainy season, and may even ascend high mountains. "Rogue" elephants ar·e males which remain permanently separated from the herd. Elephants frequently migrate with the change of seasons to find better feeding grounds. Like horses, they sleep either standing up or lying down, usually in the Moy, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN middle of the night and the heat of the day. In captivity they may not lie down for weeks, and individuals have been known to remain on their feet for five years. The elephant is an excellent swimmer, and instances are recorded of animals which swam continuously for six hours in water more than thirty feet deep. Elephants cannot leap, and never have all four feet off the ground at the same time. They s,how remarkable speed in running in spite of their ungainly size. · The elephant is timid and inoffensive in its natur<e, but becomes dangerous when enraged. It expresses its emotions in a definite manner. When about to charge an enemy, it utters a loud, shrill "trump", and rolls up its sensitive trunk out of danger. When pleased, it squeaks or purrs softly. Rage is expressed by a roar, and suspicion by rapping the trunk on the ground and emitting from it a volume of air with .the sound of crinkling tin. Wild elephants use branches of trees to brush away the flies, or, if they cannot secure branches, throw grass or spout water over the body to keep the flies away. The naked skin of the animal is very sensitive. Naturalists say that the intelligence of the elephant is usually over-rated. It is, however, very docile and obedient, an.d is easily trained. The elephant in captivity is a patient and faithful servant of man, quick to learn and to obey orders. In India and 'Burma elephants are r.egularly employed in industries requiring heavy work, in all of which they exercise care and accuracy, two or more animals working toget.her in much the same way as do human beings. They haul logs and lift and carry timbers or boxe~ containing supplies. An elephant is capable of carrying half a ton over a level country. In hauling heavy loads a regular harness is employed. This consists of a leather collar around the neck to which a dragging rope is attached. Elephants are also sometimes hitched to wagons or plows. For riding, a padded saddle is usually placed on the back of the elephant, and on this is bound a box, called the howdah, which holds from two to six passengers. The driver, called the mahout, sits astride the elephant's neck. · In Siam white elephants or albinos are esteemed as sacred. Elephants seldom breed in captivity. In the wild state one cal( rarely two, is produced at birth. So great is the .mother's care that a baby elephant rarely dies. When on the march; mothers and young go in advance, but if an alarm is sounded, they immediately fall back and tjie old males go to the front. The young one returns its mother's affection, and resists to the utmost any indignity qffered to her. Elephant hide, when tanned, makes very strong, durable leatlter. The flesh is eaten by some native tribes of Africa. Since earliest times elephants have been killed for their ivory tusks. Before hunting was restricted in Africa, tens of thousands of these animals were killed every year by ivory hunters; REVIEW QUESTIONS I. How many and what species of elephants exist today? 2. Can you tell some of the differences between these species? · 3. Can you tell some of the habits of elephants? 4. How are elephants useful? 188 THE YOUNG CITIZEN May, 1940 HEALTH AND SAFETY SECTION FIRE! FlilE! By MRS. AURELIA F. DEL PILAR THE afternoon was very warm. The class was simply hard to handJ.e, and it took all of Mrs. Arceo's self-control to keep her from losing her temper. She knew that Section Three pupils, as a rule, were not very bright, but the whole class was unusua1ly slow in their response throughout her lengthy talk on Fire Prevention. ' Even Alfredo, who was the brightest pupil in the class, showed a certain restlessness Mrs. Arceo could not under-. stand. She noticed that he had an air of absenHnindedness, and that although hIS face was turned to her, he did not have a full concentration on the subject that she was talking about. The truth was, Alfredo's mind was on what his father would give him when he came home, for this was the boy's birthday. He failed to grasp the meaning of many of Mrs. Arceo's words. He heard snatches of sentences and new words like "fire prevention", "hydrant", "siren", "fire extinguisher", and oth·ers which, although he did try to understand, seemed to be meaningless to him. That recitation period was the longest that Alfredo had yet spent in. At last the bell rang. School was over, and Alfr·edo fairly ran home. His happiness was unbounded when he saw the steamboat his father had bought for hjm. But then he could not yet play with it because he had to attend to his little guests. He had to be polite and courteous to them, but inside him he wanted t.hat he could be alone to himself • Zurbaran, Sta. Cruz, Manila. so that he could try his ste~boat on the water. And because he was becoming "impatient, he asked his . father to demonstrate how to sail it on the big washtub, before the guests. Alfredo's father took the tank-like receptable from inside the bo~t, filled it with petroleum, and then lighted the wick. Soon, the steamboat was sailing smoothly on the tub, much to Alfredo's excitement and the int.erest of the visitors. Early the next day Alfredo's first thought was about his steamboat. After breakfast he finished the assigned chores quickly, and when his mother went to do the marketting, Alfredo with his boat hurried to the pond which was a third of a kilometer from his house: He watched the boat cross and recross the pond for about two hours or so. And then his curiousity was aroused. May, 1940 rHE YOUNG CITIZEN 189 It was fun to watch the boat sail, he thought, but would it not be more fun to know why it sailed? The more he thought of it, the more he wondered. Why not separate its parts and then assemble them afterwards? He remembered, then, what had happened when he took his father's watch and unscrewed the parts. His father had given him a scolding (his father never used the rod, but he had a way of gaining the respect and love of his children) because the watch had to be sent to the watch-repairer. But the temptation to examine the mechanism which made the boat run was too great. Besides, it was his boat anyway, And so he went home and locked himself in his room. After loosening screws, what had been a boat was now a little pile of useless-looking gadgets. What interested him most was the small petroleum tank. He tipped it from one side to the other, its wick lighted, doing the motion of a ship in a rough sea. Suddenly, there was a blinding flash, followed by a loud explosion. He felt something hot creeping all over his body. His clothes wer·e on fire. The sudden~ ness ()f it all made him lose his mind, and he didn't know what to do. He ran about, but the flames grew more and more and the pain became unbearable. He shouted for help. And then above the searing pain, or perhaps because of it-he couldn't tell which-he seemed to hear Mrs. Arceo's voice, vague and uncertain, telling him not to run about, but to lie down and roll over and over, ·until · the flames died down. Instinctively, he followed his teacher's instructions which seemed only half-understood and so far away. In a short time the fire was put out. In the meanwhile, neighbors had come DAILY HEALTH ACTIVITIES FOR BOYS AND GIRLS By FLORA PONCE Check each of the following activities that you perform every day: · I. I drink a glass of milk every morning. 2. I brush my teeth after . every meal. 3. I take a bath once a day. 4. I eat a balance di·et. 5. I play out of doors. 6. I wash my hands before eating. 7. I drink about eight glasses of pure water every day. 8. I sleep at"least ten hours a day. 9. I sleep with my windows open. running in answer to his cries. His burns were quicklY administered to. He heard snatches of conversation going about. He heard someone say how brave he was and how lucky it was for Alfredo to know exactly what to do on such a situation. But Alfredo did not give the credit to himself. Deep in his heart he knew that it was Mrs. Arceo who had saved him, and that if he had listened attentively to her lecture on Fire Prevention, he would · have been saved the pain of a burn and a possible general conflagration. MOZART .... (Continued from page 185) gang and his sister N annerl were like two children in a fairy tale, bowing before the queen to be rewarded for their marvelous music. They were happy children, for music was a pleasure to them. This boy prodigy could play another instrument besides the violin and the (Please turn to page 190.) 190 THE YOUNG C !ZEN May, 1940 WORK AND PLAY SECTION _ I _____,~ D/ / / // ~ THUM~'GOLF ~NGE1:.J: CAMPOY TOM THUM~f can be playe~ by two or four players. Each player must be provided with a marble and a flat paddle made of wood or bamboo as large and as wide as a foot ruler. Make five holes (ju~ large enough for a marble to fall in) in the ground about half a meter apart. Half a meter from the first hole draw the starting line. With his paddle a player driv.es his marble from the starting line to the first hole. If he succeeds in putting his marble in the hole with the first stroke, he drives his marble to the next hole, and so on. If with the first stroke he fails to put his marble in the hole, the next player start• diving his marble into the first hole and continues to drive as long as he succeeds in driving his mable in each successive hole with a single drive. Otherwise, he must give his opponent the chance, to drive. Each player then takes his turn in driving his marble into the holes. A player must drive his marble in all the five holes from the first hole to the fifth a~d back from the fifth hole to the first before he .makes a score. While making his dri~es, a player must take care to keep.· his marble as far as THE "T" PUZZLE By BONIFACIO V. VALERA• Cut out the patterns shown on the ieft on ·a piece of soft wood or card board, nd arrange them so they ill form the letter "T". '~,"(Answer on page i93) • ~~ Elementary School, Diasalang, asbate. possible from ponent marble so · that he will not get •· uc out." A "struck-out" is a 1l made by one player on the marble of his opponent, using his own mar bk to scor·e the hit. If he succeeds in making the hit, he is given one free drive., and the player whose marble has been struck out will have to go back to the starting line and begin driving into the first hole again. Any player is free to make an attempt to hit his . opponent's marble to make him start driving from the starting line again, provided that he attempts to do so when his turn comes. A player must know how to make careful aims and to avoid hi~ opponent's hits in order to make the score. This game is more intereting when played in teams of two players each, The team making most scores wins the game. MOZART ... (Continued from page 189) harpsichord. When he was only a boy, he learned to play a great church organ. An oranist was so amazed when he hea.rd the boy play on his organ that he wrote Mozart's name on the instrument as a remembrance of this "wonder god." Moy, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN EDUCATIONAL CROSSWORD PUZZLE By LOURDES L. GALENO • ACROSS I. An abbreviation on .the plate of cars which means public utility. 3. The name by which many children address their father. 5. The abbreviation of a big university in Manila. 6. A coordinating conjunction used to show choice between two things. 7. A holiday which falls in December and celebrated by all Christians throughout the wurld. 10. 1;he letters that stand for the army of the Philippines. • Camp Overton, Iligan, Lanao. At the age of seven, the boy's first sonatas were published; when he was eight years old, he wrote his first symphony; at the age of nine, he wrote two ltalia'n arias, at ten an oratorio, at eleven a musical comedy, at twelve his first complete opera, and at fourteen a grand opera. It is said that when he was ten 12. An article used before a singular noun. 13. An adult male of the human species. 14. A preposition to indicate within the bounds or limits of. 15. Abbreviation of "mountain." 16. A province in Mindanao. 20. The second note u9ed in singing an ascending diatonic scale. 21. A reply of denial or refusal. 22. The abbreviation of "senior." 23. The twentieth letter of the alphabet. ·DOWN I. Free from any adulterating matter or defilement; clean. · 2. An agricultural school in Cotabato. 3. A utensil for cooking or ooiling. 4. The limb of the human body which extends from the shoulder. 7. A province in the Visayas. 8. A Spanish word for saintly, holy, virtuous. 9. Female saint. i I. A girl's name. i'2. Yellowish in color; a yellowish resin, capable of high polish, found on the shores of the Baltic. V 17. An abbreviated form of the title for a married woman. 18. A small insect, famed for its .industry. 19. A reply of denial or refusal. years old he could play at sight anything then written for harpsichord, organ, or violin. He was one of the most accom'plished keyboard performers of the time. This amazing readiness was wholly natural. Otherwise, he was just like a111y other boy. He had a happy, joyous dis(Please .. turn· trJ 'age 193.) 192 THE YOUNG CITIZEN ·May, 1940 THE BEGGAR'S STORY (Continued from page 180) eye. It amused Ille very much to steal behind his back and slap him with anything I had at hand. Many times he tried to catch me, but how could he get hold of me when I had fast, strong legs, and he was already tottering with old age? Besides, his one good eye was becoming dim. Once, I made him so angry that, for the first time, he shouted, "0 boy, you will pay for your unkindness-some day." ''I only laughed in return and gave him another slap on h'is thin underpants. And then I ran away and joined my friends who were exchanging stories under a sampaloc tree. "Boys," I suggested, "let's climb the sampaloc tree and see which of us can 'Climb. the highest." Perhaps tired of telling and listening to uninteresting stories, the boys thought my suggestion was a good idea. And so climb the tree we did, each one trying to outdo the other. Pretty soon, by climbing on the back of one boy and stepping on the shoulder of another, I found myself ahead of the boys. Antl a few minutes later I was on the topmost branch, shouting triumphantly to my companions. "Just then, one-eyed Apiong was passing by. I hurriedly clambered_ down from my high perch to be in time to tease Apiong again. In my hurry, I stepped on a dead branch and down I fell to the ground with a frightful thud. My spinal column and three ribs were broken, and my eyes striking something b'ecame useless from then on. You can read the story of my life on how I look now," the old man concluded with a pathetic gesture of his thin, dirty hands. The children were silent as they looked at the ungainly figure of the old AN OLD FORT .... (Continued from page 183) Moro Barandia, the Spaniards loaded all the cannons on a · scow, took them out to sea, and sank them there. Then they feft the fort ·and sailed for lligan, pres_umably to sm;render' to the Americans. Tl)e ruin of Fort Almonte, as ft. is today, is not especially attractive,. as you see ln the photographs. It is just another ruin _in a forgotten place. But when one stands before it in meditation, or goes about and examines th:e m6at about th,e stone fort,, looks at the cells where Maranao prisoners were kept, sees the concrete' oven wheri: the soldiers baked bread, walks OV!fl' , the parade ground where the soldiers arilled, or climbs to the top of the small hill where the soldiers and ihe-"seiioras looked at the landscape, then one will be intensely interested in this once important but now forgotten fortification. Fort Almonte is now only a ruin, but this historic ruin still brings to mind the Spanish attempt to bring about peace and order in the Philippines. beggar. Carmen trembled with fear and misgiving, for she could see a clear picture of herself: an old, dirty, wrinkled woman, bent double, groping herself with a crooked stick because· her eyes were useless, begging from house to house . under the sun's heat and in the rain, dogs barking at her-and being teased and laughed at and molested by a young pretty girl ... SOME QUESTIONS I. What kind of girl was Carmen? 2. What was good in her? bad in her? 3. Did she listen to and obey her mother's advice? May, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 193' I THE RICE POT .... (Continued from page I 77) The couple planted the seed in. their yard. A week later leaves .began to spring up. These the couple gathered and placed in the water. While they were bathing, they found that their. wrinkles 'began to disappear, their gray hair became black and their eyes keener. They had become young again I The couple were very happy, and with their rice pot ever filled, they became prosperous. With their prosperity, however' some change began to creep into their ways of living. They became proud and selffish and wicked. MOZART .... (Continued from page 191) position, was sunny-tempered, and liked jokes: He was a phenomenal prodigy· as a boy, and when he became a man he was just as great a musician and composer. Mozart was born twenty-four years later than Haydn (discussed in the March, 1940, issue of The Young Citizen), and he improved the symphony which Haydn had developed. Some o.ne has said that Haydn showed Mozart how to do things, and in return Mozart showed Haydn how to do thein better. _'He did not live to be an old man-he died in 1791 at the age of 35-but although his life was short, he wrote nearly seven hundred musical compositions, which include every form of musical composition known to his day. He wrote much church music, as well as some operas, three of which are still heard. During his lifetime he composed some of the most beautiful music that man ·has ever made-music which we like to hear again and again. One day a sickly looking beggar, almost blind, and foul-smelling with skin eruptions all over his body, knocked at the door of .tJle couple's now beautiful, imposing mansion. When the couple saw the beggar, they called their dog to drive the poor man away. Sudd·enly, before their eyes, the shabby, foul, sickly looking beggar turned into a dazzling, beautiful sight-the same person who had given them the rice pot. "You ·know who I am. I have come to test you again. I have found that wealth has made you proud, unkind, and wicked. Since you have not made good use of your wealth, 'I shall take it away from you. Not only that: I shall make you old again." And then the dazzling figure strangely disappeared. Right then and there, the couple found themselves in their old, shabby hut, with their pot which was always empty. Their skin was wrinkled again, their hair gray, and their eyes dimmer., 111[ •y• PllZZLt l!LOCKS' ASS[MS@ 194 Selling Sampaguita By FRANCISCO lGONG-IGONG Seventh Grade, Rizal Elementary School; Tonda, Manila. MAY is the month when flowers are needed for "Flores de Mayo" and for decorating homes. Very early in the morning before sunrise I go to the garden to gather sampaguita flowers which I make into garlands. As soon as I finish my breakfast, I go around my neighbors' houses to sell my sampaguita necklaces. My gar lands sell fast because I string more sampaguita flowers for a necklace than other sellers do. My friends and other people never fail to buy my garlands because they. make the buyers sweeter, more beautiful, and fresh-looking. On pleasant nights I always go to see the May process10n to see my sampaguita garlands and the pretty girls wearing sampaguita necklaces. I always notice that "bees" and "butterflies" love to follow and hang around the sweet, THE YOUNG CITIZEN CLUB, Making a Flower Garden By EVA SUMAGPAO ( 14 years old) RAISING flowers is not at all a difficult joq. In my case I found it quite easy. First of all I cleaned, hoed, and loosened the ground in which I thought plants would thrive best. Then I proceeded to plant my flower seeds. I covered them with loose soil. When the plants came up, I watered .and tended them. Day by day I patiently cared for my plants. My toil and patience were rewarded when I had a number of blooming zinnias and other plants. It was not long until all my plants were in full bloom. My flowers gave me a great deal of pleasure, and in raising them I had much healthful exercise. Making a flower garden will provide splendid vacation employment for any school girl. sweet "sampaguita blossoms"! May, 1940 Securing a Collection of Philippine Minerals By MARCELINO BRIONES ( 16 years old) SECURING a collection of Philippine. minerals is an interesting hobby to follow,. and there is almost no end to the. number and variety of specimens which may be gradually secured, according to one's inclination. Minerals are acquired by collecting, exchanging, and purchasing. It is best to collect smallsized specimens. Every specimen should be numbered, and information about each mineral collected should be written in a note book. If you can visit some of the mines of the Philippines, you can secure some interesting specimens of ore. You might even get a small specimen containing gold if you visit some of the old mines in northern Luzon. May, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 195 THE ORIGIN OF BAIS ~ ... (Continued from page 175) while I go away." Speaking .thus, he tore one-half of the mountain and carried it to the Bais Bay. There he settled himself comfortably. Soon, however, he became very lonesome. He wanted his wife to be near him, and so he placed the other half of Mt. Camboylao beside him. Today we find the two islands in the bay, lying peacefully and dreaming of · the days when they were rulers of a happy, contented people.. likyot's wrath has not yet fully subsided, for while the mainland has abundant rice and fish, rice would not grow on the two islands and . fish is seldom caught. THE ORPHAN (Continued from page I 76) voice that he now heard. "I heard you talking about Flora." "So it was only a dream," the boy said, in a disappointed tone. "But it was so real! Mother was so real-I-I-" Enrique broke into sobs. "But she said she is coming back." Enrique's father who was sitting on his son's bed was silent all the while. Finally he said in his old calm voice, "We shall pack up tomorrow. We shall go on a long trip far away. We shall come home in time for the opening of school. Get a nice sleep, Enrique," he said, smoothing the blanket of the boy. Enrique felt the change in the manner of his father. He noted the old quality of his voice, calm but firm, without any trace of harshness which had of late made him sound unkind. And that gesture of smoothing the blanket-that was his mother's gesture. "Father loved Mother so much," Enrique thought. "He SECURING A COLLECTION OF .... (Continued from page 194) Then, too, there are some fine specimens of Philippine marble to be had. If you live in or near Manila you can get some small specimens of marbles, both polished and unpolished, from a dealer. You should have in your collection varieties of limestone, marble, and chalk. Quartz offers immense possibilities; and a collection could be formed by using this one kind of mineral. Alum, sulphur, and manganese can be secured from various parts of the Philippines. Local minerals are always of great interest. You may be able to secure specimens of faulted rock, mineral veins, volcanic tock, and rocks worn or scratched by erosion. EDUCATIONAL CROSSWORD PUZZLE ( The answer) must have been upset by her going away -just as I have been." WITH the June issue we shall publish four pages as supplement for a Tagalog section. Mr. Quirico Cruz, one of our, contributing editors, is editing the new section. We are giving a section to Tagalog because this dialect will be taught in the public schools next school year and because, as President Quezon stated very recently, Tagalog. will replace English as the medium of instruction in all elementary schools beginning with 1946. Always having the public in mind, The Young Citizen, in conducting the new section, aims to help the teachers and young readers who do not know Tagalog to get a little acquaintance with this dialect * IN THIS issue we are printing a collection of poems the authors of most of which are still in short pants and pigtails. We have been gratified to note that many of the poems that have come to our desk THE YOUNG CITIZEN have been written by youngsters whose ages range from ten to fourteen years. We have a good cause to believe that The Young Citizen has greatly h e 1 p e d i n encouraging these young boys and girls from different parts of the country to do creative work. If these youngsters would keep on writing and at the same time be given proper encouragement, we won't ·be surprised to know that some of them shall have made names for themselves in the literary' field some day. The Young Citizen will of course be proud· for having given them the start a n d the encouragement, which they could not get from any other national magazine. Mr. Hugo Miller, the author of "Oh, Little Boat", accompanied , his lovely little piece with the illustration which you see on page 167. * IN the inside back cover we are printing a complimentary letter from one of May, 1940 our readers. If there is anything that should increase still more the circulation of The Young Citizen, it is letters such as those which Miss Galena . and the rest have sent us. We can as~ sure our readers a corr-esponding improvement in the quality of the magazine (The magazine is already good, as it is, so our readers think) with its increase in circulation. * SUMMER is still with us. We in the office still feel the high temperature. -We envy you, people out i_n the province, where the breeze is cooler and where you have cool springs and seas to swim in. We have one more month to go, and then another school year will be ushered in. Our young readers, boys and girls, will have stepped one ladder higher, and the teachers gaining more experience in their ' profession. We in The Young Citizen office will keep up with your stride. You will yet have to catch us napping! The vacation days seem to fly so fast; everyone who spends his time in the most profitable, most wholesome manner will feel that way. Time to end our chat, and so-A dios! COMMONWEALTH OF THE PHILIPPI:XES Department of Public Works and Communication~ Manila SWORN STATEMENT (REQUIRED BY AcT 2580) The undersigned, Community Publishers, Inc., owner or publisher of THE YOUNG CITIZEN, published monthly in Manila, Philippines after having been dulr sworn in accordance with law, • herebr submits the following statement of ownership, management, etc., as required by Act 2580 of the Philippine Legislature. Editorial Director: Jose E. Romero, Editor: Bert Paul Osbon, Publishers: Community Publishers, Inc., Business Manager: E. G. Rosales. Owners or stockholders holding one per cent or more of interest, stocks, bonds, or other securities: V. G. Sinco, Manila; Jose E. Romero, Manila; Manuel Camus, Manilaj Narciso Torree, Manila; and Philip Weinstein, Manila. (Signature) Community Publishers, Inc. (Owner or Puhlislier) (Sgd.) E. G. RqSALES Subscribed and sworn to before me this 30th day of March, 19.f.O. [SEAL] ( Sgd.) C. M. Pl CACHE Notary Public A LETTER FROM ONE OF OUR READERS Dear Editor: I have enjoyed the issues of your magazine. The Young Citizen is gaining more interest and popularity with my pupils. As we do not have enough copies for the whole class, each one tries to finish his seat work ahead of the others so that he can take hold of the copy of The Young Citizen. They enjoy reading the stories, poems, and jokes. They answer the questions and puzzles. One time our division superintendent came to observe my class. I was conducting tlie class in Grade One while Grade Two had seat work. My Grade Two pupils finished their seat work before the time, and so each was busy reading The Young Citizen. Every time· they met with a difficult word in an article or story, they came to me for help. I could hardly conduct the recitation in Grade One as many of the second graders were asking me questions. I thought I would be badly criticized by the superintendent; instead he was very enthusiastic about the way the pupils spent their time. LOURDES L. GALENO Camp Overton Iligan, Lanao For service and satisfaction, write with_: INXOGRAPH PENCIL-POINTED FOUNTAIN PEN The most practical fountain pen you can buyV ersatile-it writes well on any kind of paper-rough, smooth, thin, thick:, wrapping, or blotting paper. It can easily make four carbon copies. It fits any hand~tands rough handling--draws lines, without smearing the ·ruler with ink:. Prices: from 'P'3.oo to 'P'4.50 (Add 25 centavos for postage) Inkograph fountain pens are the product of well-known American manufacturers INKOGRAPH COMPANY, INC., New York, U.S. A. Sold exclusively by COMMUNITY PUBLISHERS, INC. EsColta, Manila Crystal Arcade The Uses of THE YOUNG CITIZEN Approved in Acad. Bull. No. 11, strits 1935 The Director of Education, in his letters of Nov. 41 1937 and Jan. 141 1939, indicated the following points: I. The YOUNG CITIZEN is ideal for audience reading, group projects, and the like. 2. The YOUNG CITIZEN can be of much help in encouraging reading habits on a voluntary basis. 3. Authority is given for the placing of one or more subscriptions for etJery classroom (including barrio schools) of Grade II and above. 4. In addition to subscriptions for classrooms, several subscriptions may be placed for the library, and one for the Home Economics Building and one for the shop building. ' S. The YOUNG CITIZEN being the only magazine ever published in the Philippines for children, the Bureau of Education has taken much interest in its development. 6. Subscriptions to magazine intended for pupils should be on full year basis. This magazine is published 12 times a year COMMUNITY PUBLISHERS, INC. MANILA