The Young Citizen: The Magazine for Young People

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Part of The Young Citizen: The Magazine for Young People

Title: The Young Citizen: The Magazine for Young People
Issue Date: Volume 6 (Issue No. 6) June 1940
Year: 1940
Rights
extracted text: Announcement to All Writers: - - - 0 - - We Will Pay You for writing arlicles of merit for publication in THE YOUNG CITIZEN. We want interesting childreo'1 1torie1 from 200 to 500 word1 in length; al10 games, reading device1, articles of historical interest, elementary science 8.nd health articles, puzzies, jokes, and playlet1. We also wisb to buy seyeral good 1erial 1torieL lnterestin1 stories less than 200 word• in length are desired for Little Peol!;le. Y ~u can add to your income by writin1 for UI. Primary Teachus: We especially desire various kinds of interesting material suitable for F'll'St, Second, and ~ Grade Pupils. We will pay teachers and others for material which we can use. Each article should be written in clear, easy, correct English, on one side of the paper, typewritten if possible, or written by hand neatly and legibly. The article should be submitted with a self-addressed stamped envelope, otherwise the publishers will not return it to the writer in case it cannot be used. Addreea all communication• to : I I The Managing Editor The Young Citizen Care of Community Publishers, Inc. ~~~~!:\l!'l~~l~~~~P~·~O~·~B~o~x~6~8~5~,M~a~n~ila~,~P~h~i~li~pp~i~n~es~~~~~!l'!l'l~~~~ • For First Graders Counting and 'Writing Numbers-Mrs. Fe G. Cue'fJas . 200 ~an You Do This-Pablo M. Cuasay ... , ...... , , . , ..... , 201 ·• For Second Graders Good Morning-Luz Gabriel ... , ........... , , .....• , .......• , . . . . . . . 202 ~~~~g ~~~;~.;~~·(;~~~-ii~~~·::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::. ~~~ • For Third Graders f:~:inn; .~a;,,~ ~~1!~:;~~Jj;0,J!"{:,.":; :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::. ~~: • Stories The First Day. of School-Angt'l P. Campoy .....••••••..... , , • • . . . . . . 208 Carling and His Flute-Constantino P. Montemayor ...... , , , ....... , , 209 The Day Barong Went to School-Picenta A. Lacsamana ....... , • , , . . . 210 The Elves and the Milkboy-Rll'migio Tanchingco .. , , , ... · ..•••...... , 212 Big Stones Go Upstream-Mariano Somera .....• , , ............... , , , , 213 How Mar.io Was Able to Go to School-Pablo M. Cuasay ....... , . . . . 225 • Poems ~~:'L~l:Y~~dfoffe~~E?;:~J~0~:st:"'U'~1a1i ·:::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~~~ In the Country-Artemio lrrtal ...... , ..•..... , . , , ......••....... , . . . 21 S A Boy's Song-Remi,gio Tanckingco •....... , ••.. , ... , , , ........ , . . . . . 21S To the Raindrops-Elias de Jesus Umali .. , ...... , , , , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . 215 • Character and Citizenship Schooling During Childhood-Dr. /, Panlasigui • . . . . . . . . • • • • . . . . . . . . • • . 190 Thrifty Rosauro-Altjandro G. Ca/ayan ..•... , ......•• , . . • . . . . . . . . . . . 222 Am I Ready for Sohool Today? ........... , . . . . . . . ...........•. , . . . . 22-1• Social Science . The Balangiga Massacre-Artemio G. Estrada .. , ...•.•............. , 216 Jumbled Philippine Geography .............................. , . . . • . . . . . 217 Matching Test in Philippine History-Timoteo S. Oracion ••. , , . . . . . . . . . 218 • Music Appreciation Franz Peter Schubert, the Greatest Song-Writer , , , , •••. , ..•...•.... , , 220 • Elementary Science The Mehan Garden-Sifoino Epistola .•••............. , • . • • • . . . . . . . . . 226 The Tailor Bird-Herminia Anduta ..........•..• , , , , , ...........•• , 227 • Health and Safety Ridding Our Places of Vermin-Celestino Aprieto ....... , , ...••. , , , . . . • 2H • Work and Play Kiko .......... ; .•..................••.........••.......••••...•••••• 219 You, Too, can Be Magicians-Lukas Mortell .. , .•.. , , , , , , ••••• , . , , , . • 228 Cockeyed Cross-Word Puzzle-Sa/"1ador Aguirre Cruz ..........•.•• , , 230 Falling Timber: A Game-Beato A. de la Cruz ...........•••. , , , • • • • • 231 An Arithmetic Puzzle ...........•• , , , .• , . , ••.......•.. , •..•••• , , , • • • 231 Cross-Word Puzzle-Arturo Sinco ............ , .. , .••.•.. , . . • . . • . . . . . 231 A Phonic's Game-Alicia Ntbriaga ......... , , , ••••• , , . , . . . . . . . . . • . . . 231 The What Are You Doing Club ..............•..•. , , , , •••.......••• , · 238 Chats with the Editor •........... , ...... , , , ..••• , .. , .•............. , 240 Published monthly by tbe Comm11nit7 PubllsberL Inc., 122 Cryatal Arcade, Escolta. Manila, Pblllppines. Entered u Second Class Mall Matter at the Manila Poat Office 011 .Ma7 11. 1916. Eclliotial Director: JoP E. Rcmuwo; Managlnc Editor: Bert Patil O.bon_; ContrlbuUns Editors: Dr. I. P•ftl&ftQtri aad Quirico A. CrKS; Staff Art11rt: P«ho Pagula; Bus1neu Mana.pr: BmiH•- Gclf'flfcl Ro.la. Subscriptioll Price: ra.oo for one year of 11 lamn; n.oo In the Ullltecl State. and foNISD C10U11triu. Si•l'le COPF. ao centaYOa. Sub,.ripticml •r• to be paid to CommUtaittl Ptd>liehar .. 111& Tl-I!; MAGAZIN!; !=OR YOUNG P[;OPL(; 198 I THE YOUNG CITIZEN June, 1940 THE MESSAGE THIS MONTH SCHOOLING DURING CHILDHOOD Vacation days,are over. Many of us are sad because vacation days are over. One boy said: "I wish vacation were longer than schooling. Then I could enjoy and rest longer." Many school children are like this boy. But don't you think school days are also happy days? I myself believe that school days are very much more important than vacation days. Vacation days make us ready for school days. And now school days are here again. ' School days are very important. Why? I shall tell you the reason. Jose Rizal is a great man. ~e is the greatest Filipino that ever lived. All Filipinos love him. Father Jose Burgos is also a great man. He loved the Filipino school children. President Manuel L. Quezon is another great Filipino. He is a great leader. There are many other great Filipinos, living or dead. Why are they great? vyhy are they leaders of the people? Why do Filipinos love them? One important reason is that when they were yet children, like the school children of today, they went to school and studied hard. By working hard in school, they became useful men. If we study diligently we will be happy; but if we are lazy, we will be unhappy. So we should all be happy when school days come. We are now ready for the school year. We are ready t<> study our lessons every day. We are ready to meet our old classmates and to make new friends. We are ready to do what our teachers want us to do. During school days in our childhood we learn many lessons that could make us useful to ourselves, to our family, and to our country. So let us all go to school with joy. -DR. I. PANLASIGUI June, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 199 A POEM FOR THIS MONTH NITA'S PRAYER FOR HER CAT By SOFIA ISMAEL DEAR LORD, Ma says my lovely cat is dead. A speeding car crushed her lie.ad While running after my new ball; On my crutches, I could .only call. DEAR FATHER, Up Ow·e she must be feeling cold, No angel caring to stoop and hold Her in her arms as fondly as I would~ Though I know Pussy is very good. LO.YING FATHER, My cat was sometimes 11aughty, I know, And may now and then trouble you; But she always kept me from feeling lonely, For I couldn't often play with kids, ~ou see. PLEASE Goo, If Pussy is alone and cold, In your warm breast please enfold; When you go to bed, let her cuddle at your feet And cover her well with your cosy sheet. 200 THE YOUNG CITIZEN lunt, 1940 FOR FIRST GRADERS COUNTING AND WRITING NUMBERS By MRS. FE G. CUEVAS • Count the things in each group. Write the number on the blank opposite each group. :~~ '. ~'--hats ;~ --house l§eej :~ie ~ .. --balls ~ •lfilili --mangoes . 'WLri ~--·bells -·-books --fish --fans -glasses 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 •Teacher, Pigcaoayan Elem. School, Cotabato. DD Du Du DQDO ' June, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 201 FOR FIBST GRADERS CAN YOU DO THIS? By PABLO M. CUASAY• Direction: Draw a circle around the number of the sentence that is correct ~n each group. 1. This is a pail. 1. I sleep on the bed. 1. I sit on the table .. 2. This is a jar. 2. I play on the bed. 2. I lie on the table. 3. This is a well. 3. I work on the bed. 3. I eat on the table. 1. The sun tells time. 1. I see a stove. 1. I can read a book. 2. I can write with 2. The rooster tells time. 2. I see a frying pan. my·pencil. 3. The clock tells time. 3. I see a jar. 3. I can jump. • Principal, Cabugao Elementary School, Ilocos Sur. 202 THE YOUXG CITIZEN June, 1940 FOR SECOND GRADERS GOOD. MORNING By LUZ GABRI.EL Good morning, good morning! See, the sun is now rising. Hey, you sleepy-head, Get up from your cozy bed. I know it is very cold, But time is as valuable as gold; So, you little lazy-head, · Get up from your warm bed. SOME QUESTIONS • Write a line under the word or words that give the correct answer. 1. l wake up (when the sun is rising, when the sun is above our heads, when the sun is sinking in the west). 2. I go to bed (in the morning, at noon, in the evening). 3. Sometimes I get out of my bed late because (it is cold, it is warm, it is hot). 4. I must get up early because (I have many things, nothing) to do. 5. (Lazy, industrious, sickly, healthy) boys and girls wake up early. ANIMAL RIDDLES Draw a line under the word which answers each riddle. I. I am very large. I. have a long trunk. I have very large, flopping ears. I have two long tusks. What am I? pig deer elephant II. I like to climb trees. I eat bananas. I can swing in a tree. I look just like a little man. What am I? goat monkey tiger June, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 203 FOR SECOND GRADERS MY DOGLA-OG By YAO GEOC HONG* I have a dog. I named it Laog Because. it always goes out. It is not very stout. Its color is black and brown. Its home is on the ground. Its eyes a,re sparkling Like the jewels of a king. It has one flapped ear That cannot hear. It has a very long tail That wags at me without fail. Laog runs very fast, Though in a race it would come out last. The hair of my dog i1) soft, For I always bathe him with soap. SOME QUESTIONS Draw a line under the word or words which are correct. 1. ;Laog always (stays at home, goes out, runs in the yard). 2. My dog is (thin, fat, stout). •Grave VI, l\iauban Elem. School, Tayabas. III. I am sometimes called "King of the Beasts." I have a mane. I have sharp claws. I roar loudly. What am I? lion snake duck 3. The color of Laog is (black and white, black and brown, yellow and brown). 4. Its tail is (short, long, very long). IV. I am big and strong. I like the muddy water. I can draw a very ·heavy load. I have two horns. What am I? carabao camel dog THE YOUNG CITIZEN lune, 1940 FOR THIRD GRADERS LAST Sunday was Juliana's ninth and refreshments birthday. After eating, the guests played She gave a party. some games with Juliana and She invited some guests: , Gloria, her sister. Natividad, Arlin, and other '· They were all very happy. friends. The guests went home at five Juliana decorated her house with o'clock .. fresh flowers. "Thank you Juliana," said all the Her sister helped. her serve the guests before they left. . guests. "Come again next time;• replied They served chocolate, biscµits, Juliana. CAN YOU ANSWER THESE? · 1. When was Juliana's birthday? 2. How old was she? 3. What did she give? 4. Whom did she invite? 5. W11o decorated the house? •Teacher, Sta. l\Iagdalena Central School, Sta. Magdalena, Sorsogon. 6. What did she use for decorating the house? 7. Who helped Juliana serve the guests? 8. What did they serve? 9. What did the guests do after eating? 10. How did they feel? June, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 205 FOR THIRD GRADERS HELPING AN OLD MAN By ALEJANDRO GABORNI * JULIO was returning home from the town. It was Friday afternoon. The sun was about to set. He was very happy because he was going to meet his mother, father, sister, and two brothers. On the way he met an old man. The old man was gathering firewood. It was fast getting dark. Julio said, "I wish to help you carry your firewood, for it is getting dark." The old man looked at the boy and said, "Thank you. You are very kind." The old man and Julio carried armfuls of firewood to the cart which was near the road. Julio asked, "Are you going to sell the firewood?" The old man answered, "No. I will use the firewood for myself." At last all the firewood which the old man had gathered were placed on the cart. "What is your name?" asked the old man. "Julio," the boy replied. "You are a helpful boy, Julio. I wish to have a son like you." Julio and the old man parted. Julio arrived home late, but he was happy. He had done a good deed that day. * Pinabacdao Barrio School, Calbig, Samar. PUPIL ACTIVITY: After the pupils have read the selection, tell them to make three questions each. If the teacher reads the selection to the class, he should tell the pupils to make three questions each, so that a closer attention could be aroused. Give the pupils five minutes to write the three questions. The teacher collects the questions, shuffles them, and then picks out a paper, and reads the questions aloud. The class will then answer the questions. The activity may be varied. A dialogue may be conducted, with the characters given about ten minutes. or so to prepare the · dialogue outside of class. THE YOUNG CITIZEN June. 1940 On a sultry day in lune When the fields were bro•um and dry, There was once a Mothet· Hen That found some grains of palay. Then she thought and thought in her little mind That now she a field could make. But to grow those seeds in the sun-baked fields, All her time and care must take. The task w~s hard, for she was alone, And the fields _,.e wide and big. So at once she thought that she'd call upon' Pussy Cat, Mother Goose, and Pig. Soon ·the trio came as they heard the call, And they wondered what the hen Might have got in her little head · As to call them from their pen. "Who of you will help me plant some rice?" She waited.a while and then gave a ·sigh, For the cat, the goose, and the muddy pig, In their. order, cried, "Not I." So away they went, leaving her alone, As she plowed the fall'wing ground, While her little chicks helped pull All the grubs that. could be found. Day by day, the warmth of the tropic sun And the cool, abundant rains, Plus the careful toil of Mother Hen, Help ripen the growing grains. Soon December came, and the crop was ripe And was ready to be cut. So the happy hen, in her chickenly way, Cackled out from her nipa hut To her neighbors who lived just nearby, Idly spending the whole day long, As if all the days were holidaysBut biisy with their tongue. "Who will help me cut the ripening grains?u She waited a •while mrd then gave a sigh, For the cat, the goose, and the muddy pig, In their order, cried, "Not I." June, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN , 207 So away to the fields to harvest the grains, With a knife she cut and cut, Till the staff of life, in well-filled sacks,' Piled high o'er her nipa hut. For pounding and grounding, again she perched On the housetop, the highest she could fly; But the cat, the goose, and the muddy pig, In their order, cried, "Not I." "W P.11, I'll pound them then, little chicks of mine, I must. pound them, none but I." So from: early morn till quite late that night, She pounded and pounded her palay. · A.nd then when the poundjng and grounding was done The"next thing was to bake. 0 how large did those chicky eyes grow A.t Ike si,qht of that nice rice cake! Then again she flew, with hopes g~eater ·still To the trio in their pen: • T,ell me now how great was the pntien~e Of this little red hen. "Who will help me ba~ .my little rice cake? Please this time don't let me cry." But the cat, the g,oose, and the muddy pig, In their Order, cried, "Not l.11 So she fle.w away to bake her rice cake, It was something nice to see. 0 I iust couldn't tell if it was the chicken's art That made such a nicety. The wind did carry the sweetest smell From .the cake of Mother Hen. There was no better news· that the wind could tell, So th'e trio came right then. "Who of you will help me eat m:>'. rice cake?" T)ie1'e was a twinkle in each eye, For the cat, the goose, and the hungry pig Without order, cried, "I, l.11 208 THE YOUNG CITIZEN June, 1940 /i..e .fl~ST £.~ DAY~. of - SCMOOL e ~lt<J!~ "CARLITO, CARLITO !"' Maria called. her brother. "Wak~ up. Let's eat our breakfast early.'' ·"Is that you, Sis?" yarlito sat up in bed, rubbing his sleepy eyes, "Why are you in such· a hurry? I'm still sleepy." "Oh, don't you remember? Today is · the first day of school, and you told me ' to wake you up early," Maria replied. "Hurrah! And so it is! What fun it would be to go back to school after such a long vacation. I'll be ready in a minute." "Don't make so much noise," Maria warned. "Y qu'll wake up Pep.jto. Remember you promised to take him along to school, too·, but Miss Duran said that Pepito is yet too young to be enrolled in, the first grade. He is only five years old. If he wakes up, he will not stop crying until we take him with us, and he will be a lot of trouble in school.:' Carlita hurried quietly to the bathroom. He took a brisk shower, combed his hair, and put on his clean clothes. In a few minutes he was neat and clean and ready for breakfast. Their mother had prepared breakfast early, for she knew the children were going to school. · They had eacll a plate of rice, an egg, a slice of bread, a cup of chocolate, and a glass of milk Carlita was a little ·bit excited and ate his breakfast hurriedly. "I wonder if Fred and Nenita would be back in school this year," he said. "I'm sure they will be," Maria answered. "Nenita wrote me that they would be back in town in the early part .of June so that they would not be late for the enrollment." "Gee! That would be fun. Fred and I were in the same team last year which won every race in school." After breakfast Maria and Carlita hurried to school after saying good.bye to their mother. They were very careful in crossing the street at the crossing. (Please turn to pa9e 214.) lune, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 209 CARLING AND HIS f1.UTE By CONSTANTINO P. MONTEMAYOR CARLING alW&)'S sneaked away from home and from his flock of sheep when the town hand was rehearsing in the kiosko, a vine-clad little structure in the town plaza. The band was 'rehearsing for the ·approaching town fiesta. One morning while Carling was listening to the musicians, he heard the angr)" summons of his father. "You lazy boy," his father said when Carling reached the stairs of their house, "you always escape . from work. . Drive the sheep home--· and do it quick I" Without any word the boy obeyed his father's command, but his mind was still in lihe small, vine-covered building where the town band was playing. During the town. fiesta there were many things to see and en joy in the town plaza, but Carling had only one pl'ace to go-the kiosko. He found great delight in watching the musicians play, one of his foot beating to the time of the .music. He would smile understandingly when the bass drummer would suddenly give a loud, explosive boom, accopipanied by the crashing cymbal. He had a sneaking pleasure in looking at the trombonist who would blow so hard that his cheeks would expand, as though he vi/ere ready to burst. He wondered how the man playing the giant bass instrument which was bigger than the player himself could produce a sound like the gruntihg of a hog early in the morning. He ·~oted with interest the sleepy, tired looking drummer who would. once in a Jong while beat his two small drumsticks so fast his thin body would trembk This fellow, like the big bass drummer and the cymbalist, seemed to have the least "York in the band, and Carling woi\dered whether !they were paid as much as the cornet players or the flutists. Of the many instruments, he liked best the saxophone, the cornet, and the flute. He looked with · envy a~· the musicians who played these instruments. He closely obsenred how their busy fingers touch the keys with i~tinffive sureness, and wished with all his b~s heart that he could play all or any .o~ these three instruments. · T~~t night Carling dreamed that he was 'ihe · conductor of a big, imposing band; much bigger than the band in his town! He swung his baton with grace, once in a while looking sharply at a player' who went out of tune. At the glorious climax Carling swung his baton angrily at the cymbalist who beat his cymbals too slow. At this very moment Carling woke up, feeling an intense pain ill his. wrist-he had hit the wall hard with his right ;irm, not ihe erring cymbalist in his dream 1· Even in his pain Carling laughed {Please turn to pag_e 229.) 210 THE YOUNG CITIZEN June, 1940 THE DAY BARONG WENT TO SCHOOL By VICENTA A. LACSAMANA ALTHOUGH it had rained very hard the night before and the roads became muddy, Aling !pay went to town. She had to go· early to help wrap the various kinds of rice cakes for the guests who were attending the celebration of the ariniversa: ry of the death of Lola Tinay at the house of Tia Juana. Mang Sidro and the tvlb other children, Rita and Carlos, :were! going to make the trip to town in the late afternoon. · · After seeing A ling I pay- and Baby off on the earliest bus, Mang Sidro hurried to the fields. The earth was soft and yielding aiter the rain. He wanted much of his plowing done that day. He was not even going home for "the noon meal. His wife had'packed for him.a deliciou~ lunch of chic~n- cooked in thick, iich coconut milk and rice wrapped in very young banaaa leaves. Rita and Carlos were staying in school at noon. Miss Santos allowed them· to dean the school yard instead of ·staying ·for. the games in the afternoon.· Thus they could be home before four to get ·dressed up for the trip to town. On their · way to school that morning Rita and Carlos talked in pleasant anticipation of, the games with their cousins after the prayers were over. T.here would be hide-and-seek, for of course no one would be sent to bed_ until after the guests had gone. And that would be far in the night. Then, too, there would be lots to eat. Their mother would be too busy to caution them against eating too much and getting indigestion and stomach ache. Barong, the faithful dog of the family, lay drowsily in the shade of a mango tree · while Mang Sidro plowed the field. That morning Barong had frisked beside. Carlos as far as the river before the boy sent him back. There were days when Barong went with the children to the small one-room barrio schoolhouse, carrying Rita's bag of books. Sometimes he ~ould romp with other children until Miss Santos rang the bell. Then he would stand in respectful attention while the flags were raised and the childrep sang the national anthems.The dog usually stayed by until the children marcheJI into the room, waiting for Carlos to waYe to him from the window near the boy's seat: · By noon Mang Sidro had done a good deal of plowing. Although he was beginning to feel hungry, he prom<sed himself t; finish the last furrow before ta~June, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 211 ing his lunch. That would leave him only one paddy for the afternoon. I:Ie could even stretch his tired back a while in the shade of the mmgo tree and maybe snatch a wink or two. There was nb knowing when the prayers and the supper would end. It was be.st to be prepared to sit even half the night through. When the farmer realized that he had stopped to daydream longer than he wanted to, he gave his carabao a sudden jerk and a very loud "Whoa!" The animal, excited by the suddeure~s and. strength of his ·command, got wild and ran. M°"'g Sidro was jerked too, and slipped down the wet.and slippery lnud. "Whoa there!" he shouted to the caral.iao from his miry bed. The animal, realizing that nothing was going to happen, stopped. When Mang Sidro tried to get up, l:ie felt an intense pain at his right ankle. After several painful efforts, he was able to sit on the liandle of his plow. He untied the thing from its harness. He tried a few times to get on ·the carabao, but each attempt left him groaning with pain, and so he gave it up. Finally, an idea came to him. He took off his grass rain-cape and harnessed it to his carabao. Sitting on it, he managed to have the animal drag him home. On his uncomfortable way home, he thought about how he could get upstairs, wash the mud off, an_d change his wet clothes. He had left his lunch in the field, for he could not even rise to get it from a branch of the mango tree. To cap them all, Rita and Carlos were not coming home until afternoon. And his ankle was hurting him more and more. Barong jumped up and down excitedly when he saw the carabao dragging his master. His dog sense told him that something was wrong indeed. He ran · a few times around Mang Sidro, gave a wild leap, and then raced off somewhere. 'THI): ~hool children had just been dismissed for tht: noon intermission. Rita and Carlos were still hel pi.ng Miss Santos clean the blackboard, when they heard a familiar bark. "That's Ba.rong!" exclaimed Carlos as he ran to the window from which he usually waved to the dog. Looking out, the boy saw Barong restless, wagging his tail excitedly, and growli~g angrily. "Rita, come and look at Barong." · When Rita saw the dog, she ran out of the room. Barong pulled her skirt. "I think you had better go with him, children," said Miss Santos when she saw the strange behavior of the dog. "He is trying ·to tell you something -important." As Rita and Carlos were on the way home, Barong became quiet and ran ahead of them. "Don't wotry," the boy' reassur.ed his sister whose hands had grown very cold. "Why it's Father! Father!" cried (Plrase turn to page 236.) 212 THE YOUNG CITIZEN Ju,,e, 1940 THERE was once a mother, Aling Tinay, and her son Kiko· whose only means of livelihood was milking their only cow and selling the milk in the town. In the evening Kiko would clean and prepare the bottles to contain .the milk and place these in a shelf. And then after saying his prayer, he would go to bed. In the morning he would do the milking and afterward go to ,town to sell the milk. One morning as he was preparing to milk the cow, he was surprised to see the bottles in the shelf already filled with milk. Each bottle was well covered with no milk stain on the outside, and they were well arranged in the shelf. He could not have done a better, cleaner ·work. He asked his mother if she did the milking herself. When she said she did not, he >yas very much surprised. So 'was his mother. When Kiko woke up the. next morning, the same thing happened: the milk was ready for sale. From that. time on, Kiko's only job was to sell the milk. Kiko also noticed that his bottles of milk were now selling faster. His suki, or regular customers, told Kiko that his milk tasted better, and wanted to know if he had mixed something with the milk, or if he had found a new way of milking the cow. One night Kiko placed two extra bottles in the shelf; the following morning, these also were filled with milk. Pretty soon they save enough money with which to buy another cow. And 1 then still later, they had earned more than• enough for .their needs. Finally, Kiko and his mother had a prosperous milking business. - All the while, the boy and A ling Tinay were wondering who the kind, unseen helper was. One night, Aling Tinay said to her son, "What do you think of our finding out who the kind helper is?" "That is a good idea," said Kiko. They lighted a candle and hid themselves behind a thick curtain and watched (Pltase turn to page 214.) THE YOUNG CITIZEN 213 :8IG STONES GO UPSTREAM An llocano Legend By MARIANO SOMERA• OLD MEN in the Ilocano region say that as the years go by, big stones and rocks are slowly moving upstream. Many, many years ago, so rqns the legend which the Ilocano old folks like to tell, all big stones and rocks were in the mountains, hiding in lonely places. One rainy day, the river told the stones that beyol)d the Cordilleras was a strange land inhabited by man who loved to take a bath in a wide body of water which was some.times very calm and sometimes very rough. This body of water, many, many times bigger than the river, was the sea. After hearing this interesting piece of news, th-e stones, tired of always being lonesome, decided to see this wonderful world which the river had related to them. The river agreed to carry them downstream. Those who wished to see the plain stopped at the river banks while the more adventurous ones went as far as the mouth to see the sea. The stones were delighted when the river gave them a covering of cool, green moss to protect them from the heat of the sun. Later small plants stood and played on their backs, and fishes, crabs, shrimps, lobsters, and shells gave them company. Unlike living in the mountains, where tall trees towered above them from all directions, the ·stones could now watch the clouds sailing lazily in the sky, and at night they could play with the moon and the stars which were reflected on the water around yiem. They could smell the scent of ripening grains and the blooming flowers. Those near the sea could hear the murmurs and sometimes the booming as the waves dashed play•Principal, San Vicente, Ilocot Sur, fully against them. Thus the stones did not want to return to their lonely mountain homes. However, when the hot season came, the sun began to dry up the river. The stoll'Cs near the banks could ·feel the water sink beneath them. The river ·became more and more shallow. The strange creature man not only came to catch the happy fishes, shrimps, an\! lobsters hiding in their holes, but. they also carried off stones and rocks to be used for .building roads, houses, filling dampy places, and treating them in many shameful ways. The stones wanted to go back to their old homes I But it was hard foi: them to do so. Moving upstream was a very s~ow process. The riV1Cr could not he! p them much. .All it could do was to produce whirling currents in front of the stone in order to make shallow holes. The stones roll forward to these shallow holes during the dry months. Through these slow, tiresome process, stones go up. stream. 214 THE YOUNG CITIZEN J..une, 1940 THE FIRST DAY OF SCHOOL (Continued from page 208.) They watched f<,>r the policeman's signal before crossing the street. When they reached school, they saw many children, among them Nenita a'hd Fred. They talked about what they had done during the summer vacation until the bell rang , for the children ·tci fall in line. "Good morning, children," the principal teacher greeted them when they were lined 'up. "You all look happy and eager to be. in school aga,in. I am sure you have enjoyed your vacation. Now you may march tci your rooms for enrollment." The fourth grade class had a new teacher, and N ep.ita and Maria wondered if she were like Miss Reyes who . was good and kind. As soon as they were seated, a beautiful lady entered the room. "Good morning, children," the lady greeted the children with a smile. "Good morning," the children answered. "Children," she said, "I'll be your teacher this year. We shall study our lessons together. I hope we shall have great fun in school." The beautiful lady wrote her name on the board. The children read the name silently, "Miss Consuelo Flores/' "Before I write your name in my register, we shall sing a song. What song would you like to sing?" Miss Flores asked. "Let's si(lg 'Philippines, My Philippines,' Miss Flores," Marcial suggested. The children sang the song very well and Miss Flores smiled and looked pleased.. After the . song, the children were enrolled, and then the teacher gave them time to get acquainted with each THE ELVES AND THE MILKBOY (Continued from page 212.) the shelves where the bottles of milk were placed. Whe~ the clock at the church tower struck twelve, two little naked men appeared carrying a pail filled with milk. fhese tiny visitors then opened the shelves and began filling the bottles. Kiko and his mother watched the two· little men with awe and admiration: ·They worked so noiselessly and did not stop until all ·ihe bottles were filled, covered, and arranged so neatly in the shelves. Then the elves, after surveying their work with satisfaction ran away. (Please turn to ~ge 229.) other. Afterwards, Miss Flores asked fiv~ children to talk briefly about what they had done during the vacation, then she related a few intering things that she had done during the summer. The children listened eagerly to her. They were enjoying themselves in the classroom, when the bell reminded them that it was time for dismissal. When Maria arrived home, she told her mother and Carlita about her charming teacher. "You should rueet my teacher," Carli to said proudly. "He is not handsome, nor young-I think he was many children already. But he is good, ancj I think we shall get along well t<>;;ether." As soon as he had spo~en, little Pepito joined them, his eyes red from crying. Maria and Carlito looked at eacn other with understanding. "Ma," Pepito said, tugging at his mother's skirt, "you take me to school. Thev left me behind," loqking accusing· ly at Maria and Carlita. "Don't you worry, dear. You will be in s@hool. I will be your teacher," the mother said, hugging the little boy. June, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 215 A PAGE OF POEMS IN ·THE COUNTRY By ARTEMIO INTAL• When the twilight shadows fall, There's a hush as though the earth Salutes the twilight stars. Tired farmers with their carabaos Go wearily homeward. Sweet songbirds their.singing cease, Chickens to their roost now settle, For the world is quiet When the twilight stars appear. When the twilight stars appear, Little children group around their grandma Who tell them exciting legends old. On moonlit nights .when the sky is clear, Boys and girls •gather in a spacious yard to play Tubig-tubig, libre-Iibre, or hide-andseek, Their young lusty voices ringing merrily In the stillness of the night . • A BOY'S SONG By REMIGIO TANCHINGCO Where the pools are bright and deep, Where tke sheep lie fast asleep, Up the river and o'er the lea, That's· the way /or·you and me. • Seventh grade pupil, Malabon Elementary School. Where the blossoms bloom the sweetest, Where the hay lies thick and gi·eenest, Where the nestlings chirp and flee, That's the way for you and me. Where the sun shines the latest, ' Where the shadow falls the deepest, There to follow the busy bee, That's the way for you and me. * TO THE RAINDROPS By ELIAS DE JESUS UMALI Silvery raindrops, Shining and white, W hei·e will you stop in Your maiden flight? I know a rosebud, Pretty and fair, Thirsty and waiting lust over there. I wish, dear raindrops, You'd stop and see; And please help open That rosebud for me. Then at some early Cool morning hour, ·The world will be happy For a sweet flower. 216 THE YOUNG CITIZEN SOCIAL SCIENCE SECTION AFTER t,he defeat of the Spanish fleet by the American squadron under the command of Admiral Dewey in the naval battle at Manila Bay on May, 1898, the Americans never dreamed of annexing the Philippines. But when the news that Spain had ceded the archipelago to the United States through the tr·eaty of peace, signed by Spain and the United States in Paris on December IO, 1898, was received, General Otis who was then in command of the American force in the Islands started to force the Filipinos to recognize the sovereignty of the United States. This marked the beginning of the hostilities between the Americans and the Filipinos who refused to recognize American sovereignty. The Filipinos declared that the Am,ericans had no moral right to rule the Islands inasmuch as the former had already established an independent goV'ernment when the Americans came. After the fall of Manila on February 4, 1899, an American expedition was sent South to occupy the Visayan. Islands where the natives continued their resistance. In Samar and Leyte General Lucban with his well trained guerillas had become a great menace to many of the American detachments which were sent there. I About the beginning of the summer of 1901, a detachment was sent to Samar. Company C of the 9th Infantry, composed of three officers and seventy-five men, landed at Balangiga, a town on the coast of southern Samar. Upon the arrival of the American soldiers, the Filipino insurgents who were detailed in the town and many of the natives fled to the deepest part of the wilderness, The soldiers at once pitched June, 1940 June, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN / 217 tents and began sanitary reforms by forcing the people to take part in cleaning the streets and the town plaza, building drainage, and widening the town toward the eastern border by cutting down big trees. The natiV'Cs were obedient and friendly enough. The America~s in return. were good to them. They gave the natives food and money. When the people who had fled to the mountains learned how well the Am€ricans treated the inhabitants, they returned to the town. For a couple of months the Americans were happy and ,contented, enjoying the hospitality of the natives. But behind the apparent calm the Americans were unaware of a gathering storm. A treacherous plot was .planned by Valeriano Abanador, the head of the town, in conjunction with General Lucban's guerillas under the command of Eugenio Daza whose hide-away was in the heart of Samar near Ma&taon mountain. One day Abanador asked the commander of the Americans if he would employ laborers from the surrounding barrios to work out their taxes levied for the improvement of the town. The commander thought Abanador's suggestion quite sensible, and so hundreds of men from the barrios came down to town ostensibly to work. Most of these men we!'e trained bolomen from the company of insurgents under Commander Daza, who was the master-mind of the plot. Only eighty laborers appeared before the American commander ·while the rest waited at the outskirts of the town. Very surprising to the Americans was the leaving of all the native women and children from Balangiga. But the Americans were quieted down by the explanation that an earthquake and a tidal •Uson Elementary School, Masb&tC. JUMBLED PHILIPPINE GEOGRAPHY By GERARDO R. YSLA • REARRANGE the following words to form correct names. Example: Zonlu-Luzo.n. I. Names of Islands I. APYAN 3. MARAS 2. ORIMOND 4. OLHOB 5. GENSOR II. Names of' Provinces I. AGATBANS 3. SAYABAT 2. CLARAT 4. EBUC . III. I. TAOB 2. LATA 5. ETELY Names of Lakes 3. TIAMIN 4. AOLNA 5. UHIB (See page 233 for the answn-s.) waV'e had been predicted and that the. women and children were evacuating the town for safety. Very early the following morning, before reveille, while the laborers were · waiting in the town plaza for orders from the- American guards to begin the work of cleaning the streets, several hundred natiV'es, among whom were insurgents secretly armed with bolos, disguised themselves by wearing women's religious attire, and entered the church supposedly to hold a religious service thanking God that the calamity predicted did not come. While the service was going on, the insurgents hid themselves in a place in the church which was connected by a narrow passage to the convent in which the officers and some soldiers were temporarily quartered. At this moment the Amer, ican s9ldiers were calmly eating at the breakfast table, unaware and unsuspecting of the approaching tragedy. · .. ~(PJ~ase.turn to page. 218.,) 218 • THE YOUNG CITIZEN June, 1940 MATCHING TEST IN PHU.IPPINE HISTORY By TIMOTEO S. ORACION DIRECTION: The dates in Group One are dates of events in Philippine history. Group Two gives the •events which occurred on the dates in Group One. Select from Group Two the correct event for each date in Group One and write the number. on the blank. GROUP ONE I. March 24, 1934 - - 2. November 17, 1869 - - 3. N~vember 30, 1863 - - 4. February 8, 1935 - - 5. December 15, 1660 - - 6. July 3, 1892 - - 7. June 19, 1861 - - -8. July 23, 1863-.9. October 16, 1907 - - 10. July 7, 1892-· ~ II. February 17, 1872 - - 12. February 9, 1837 - - 13. June 12, 1898 - - 14. December 9, 1811 - - 15. August 26, 1896 - - 16. January 21, 1899 -·-GROUP TWO I. Ventura de los 'Reyes assumed his post as a delegate to the Spanish Cortes. 2. Inauguration of the Philippine Assembly .. 3. Jose Rizal founded the La Liga Filipina. 4. Approval of the Philippine Constitution by the delegates of the Constitutional Convention. 5. Promulgation of the Malolos Constitution. 6. Birth of Jose Bur gos in Vigan, llocos Sur. •Social Science Teacher, Sibulan Elementary Scllool, Nea:roa Oriental. • THE BALANGIGA MASSACRE (Continued from page 217.) Suddenly, the fatal signal, the ringing of the church bells, was sounded, and a , band of bolomen from the church rushed to the mess room and attacked the unarmed soldiers. The sentry was mobbed first, and before the startloed soldiers realized what was happening, their stacked rifles were seized, and most of the Americans were murdered. Those who were left fought desperately with bare hands the onslaught of the enemies. Some managed to grab rifles from their enemies, resulting in hand-to-hand fight. -The sol-· diers who recovered their rifles used them skilfully and were able to scatter their assailants. Of the seventy-eight· soldiers twenty, two of them wounded, were left. The officers ordered no retreat. At first the twenty survivors with their rifles and 'several rounds of ammunition felt that vic(P,leas~ turn to, page 236.) 7. Approval of the Tydings-McDuffie Law by the President of the United States. ii. Outbreak of the Philippine Revolution. 9. Birth of Jose Rizal in Calamba, Laguna. 10. Andres Bonifacio found•ed the Katipunan. 11. Opening of the Suez Canal. 12. Beginning of the Pangasinan Revolt under Andres Malong. 13. Birth of Apolinario Mabini in Tanawan, Batangas. 14. Birth of Andres .Bonifacio in Tondo, Manila. 15. Execution of Father' Burgos, ·Gomez, and Zamora. 16. Philippine declaration of independence. June, 1940 THE YO-qNG CITIZEN 219 THE FUNNY PAGE 5511~ 111~ CJ= (17/lfl! NOW. WIMT ARE Y/111 WAITIN~ ~ Tl(l!NE'.r If NICE. .BOAIE FOil YOU, I <iUl!J'S I'LL W4TCI/ UPJTAINS', SQ 'llE WON'T S'EE AH:, 220 THE YOUNG CITIZEN lune, 1940 MUSIC APPRECIATION SECTION FRANZ PETER SCHUBERT. THE GREATEST SONG-WRITER FRANZ Peter Schubert was born on Jan· uary 31, 1797, in the Himmelpfort· grund, a small suburb of Vienna. His father, Franz, son of a Moravian peasant. was a parish schoolmaster; his mother, Elizabeth Fitz, had b~fore her marriage been cook in a Viennese family. Of thei~ fourteen children nine died in infancy. The father, a man of worth and integrity, possessed some reputation as a teacher, and his school, in the Lichtenthal, was well attended. He was also a fair musician. At the age of five Schubert began to receive r~gular instruction from his father. At seven he was placed under. the charge of Michael H;olzer, the Kapellmeister of the Lichtenthal Church. Holzer's lessons se.em to have consisted mainly in expressions of admiration, and the boy gained more. from a friendly joiner's apprentice, who used to take him to a neighboring pianoforte warehouse and give him the opportunity of practising o~ a better instrument than the poor home ·could afford. On October, 1808, he was received as a scholar at the Convict, which, under Salieri's direction, had become the chief music school of Vienna, and which had ·the special office of training the choristers for the Court Chapel. Here he remained until he was near! y seventeen, profiting little by the direct instruction, which was almost as careless as that given to Haydn at St. Stephen's, but_ getting much. by the practices of the school orchestra, and by association with congenial •In muslc, a compO~ition· no~ restricted by the us~al laws of form. comrades. Many of the most devoted friends of his after life were among his schoolfellows. His many friends helped Franz out of their little pocket-money, · bought him music-paper which he could not buy himself, and gave him loyal support and encouragement.· ·Meanwhile his genius was already showing itself in composition. A pianoforte fantasia,* 32 close-written pages, and other vocal pieces and songs, were written when he was seventeen and cigh_· teen. In his essay on chamber-music we learn that at this time a regular quartetparty was established at his home on Sundays and holidays, in which his two brothers played the violin, his father the violencello, and Franz himself the viola. It was the beginning of that amateur or· chestra for which, in later years, many of his compositions were written. During the re~ainder of his stay at the Convict, he wrote. a good deal more cha.mberJune, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 221 music, songs, and miscellaneous pieces for. the piano-forte. Among his more ambitious .efforts were Kyrie and Salve Regina, an octet for wind instruments, said to commemorate the death of his inother, which took place in 1812, when he was nineteen years old; a cantata, words and music, for his father's nameday in 1813, and the closing ~ork of his school-life, his first symphony. At the end of 1813 he left the Convict, and, to avoid military service, entered his father's school as teacher of the lowest clas8. For over two years he endured the drugery of the work. There were, howe.ver, other interests to compensate. He took private lessons from Salieri, who annoyed him with accusations of copying works ol Haydn and Mozart, but who did more for his training than any of his other teachers. He occupied every moment ·of leisure with rapid and voluminous composition. The year 1815 was the most productive period of Schubert's life. He wrote 146 songs some of which are of considerable length, four sonatas, several smaller compositions for piano, and a string quartet in G minor. The following year saw the first real change in his fortunes. Von S~hober, a law student .of good ,family and some means, who had heard some of Schubert's songs at the hoUK of Spaun, one of the musician's friends, came to pay a visit to the composer and proposed to carry him off from school-Jife and give him freedom to practise his art in peace. The proposal was particularly timely, for Schubert had just made an unsuccessful application for the post of Kapellmeister at Laibach, and was feeling more acutely than ev.er the slavery of the class-rdom. His father's consent was readily given, and before the end of the spring he was installed as a guest in Von ·schober•s· lodgings. For a time he attempted to increase the household resources by giving music lessons, but they were soon abandoned and he devoted himself to composition. "I write ali day,'! he said laier to an inquiring visitor, "and when I have finished one piece I begin another." One of Schubert's admirable traits was his gift of making warm and lasting friendships. Most of his friends belonged to. the more respectable class of society. Among them were Vogl, the .famous baritone, who did him good service by per forming his songs in the saions of Vienna; Gahy, an excellent pianist, who played his sonatas and fan~ tasias; the Sonnleithners, a rich burgher family whose eldest son had been at the ,Convict, who gave him free access to their home, and or~nized in his honour musical parties which soon assumed the name of Schubertiaden. The material needs of life were supplied without much difficulty. No doubt Schubert was entirely penniless, for he had given up teaching, and he could earn nothing by public performance, and, as yet, no publisher would take his mu~ic at a gift. But his friends came to his aid with true Bohemian generosity-one found him lodging while another found him appliances. They took their meals together, and the man who had any money paid the bill. Schubert was always the leader of the party and was known by half-a-dozen affectionate nicknames, of which the· most characteristic is" kann er 'was?", his usual question when a new acquaintance was proposed. The year 1818 is significant in the life of Schubert for some reasons. It saw the first public performance of any work of (Pl1a1e turn to page 233.) 222 THE YOUNG CITIZEN lune, 1940 CHARACTER AND CITIZENSHIP SECTION THRIFTY ROSAURO (A Play/et in Three Scenes) By ALEJANDRO G. CALAYAN• THE. PLAYERS.: TOMAS, a former stud·ent. ESTEBAN, another former student who is a friend of Tomas. RosAURO, a former classmate of Tomas and Esteban. Clerk in the Postal Savings Department of the local postoffice: * THE PLAY: Scene I (Tomas and Esteban are walking together in the street. The two lioys could not reenter school when it opened, because their parents c~uld not afford to give them the money necessary for their expenses. They are discussing this as they walk along the street.) ESTEBAN: Why, Tomas, your father is much better off financially than Rosauro's father, and yet Rosaura can go to school. . TOMAS: I know it. And I have talked to father about that time and time again, but he always says that he cannot spare the money for my expenses. This is because the price of copra has gone very much lower than the price of last year. Father told me that my expenses during the past school year amounted to considerable. He told me that he could ·not even pay my matriculation fee at present. i ESTEBAN: I wonder why Rosaura can go to school. · I know his parents have *Assistant Principal, Polo Elementary School, Polo, Mindoro. very little money to spare. His father is out of a job. And yet-Rosaura can go to school. I heard that he paid hi! matriculation fee and his fee for book rentals when he registered. I saw him this morning going to school with his books tucked under his arm. · TOMAS: -I'll talk to fath~r again about the matter, but I don't think it will be of any use. Rosaura is a poor man's son, and yet he can go to school. Why can't I? ESTEBAN: Well, it's too bad, Tomas. Have you tried to ~et a job? . TOMAS: Yes. Yesterday morning I intended to try to get a job as a helper in a fishing crew. But I was. late. I over slept, and got up long after sunrise. When I reached the beach, the fishing · boat had already gone. ESTEBAN: Well, did you think they would wait on you? Why didn't you get down to the beach earlier? You know the old proverb: The early bird catches the worm. · ·TOMAS: Better practice what you preach; Esteban. Well, let's be going. 1 guess classes are dismissed at the school. L<:t's go and ask some of our classmates about that new English teacher. (The two boys hur'ry away to meet some of their former classmates'.). (CURTAIN) Scene II ( To;,,as and Esteban are again walking together in the street. They meet Rosaura on his way to school.) RosAURO: Hello, Tomas and Esteban .. June, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN How are you?. I haven't seen· you at school this semester. Why aren't yotl ~ellows in school? Mr. Domingo, our principal, has been a,sking for you. TOMAS:. I am very sorry, Rosauro, that I am not in school. But Father says that he cannot spare the money for my expenses. I guess your father is in better financial condition than mine, Rosaura, for evidently he gave you the money for your c;xpenses, and so now you are in school. ROSAURO: Tomas, you are mistaken. Father and mother said they could not send me to school .this semester because they could not spare the money for my expenses. Father said he didn't have the money. · ESTEBAN: How, then, do you go to'. school? ROSAURO: Why, boys; do you remember what·our principal told us about saving any money which we might get, even though it were only a small amount? TOMAS: Yes, Rosauro, I remember what he· said. He told us to put a large part of any money we might get into the Postal Savings Bank. RoSAURO: That's right, Tomas. Well, I followed his advice, and now I can go to school. By saving my money and putting it in the Postal Savings Bank, I accumulated quite a few pesos. So when father said he could not afford to send me to school, I drew o~t the greater part of my. savings. ESTEBAN: Why, Rosauro, how ' did you have so much money? • ROSAURO: That is easily ex-.• plained. I acquired it in various ways. For one thing, when father had a job, he used to give me ten or twenty centavos a week for· spending money, but instead of spending it, I saved it. · Then I worked for Mr. Castillo for several weeks during vacation, so I earned some money. I put all of that money into the Postal Savings Bank. At Christmas ~y grandfather always give me five pesos. Into the bank that went. Sometimes l went on errands for Mrs. Perez and Mrs. Samanilla, and earned a little money. I did not buy candy with that money; I bought only those things which were necessary. The rest of the money I put into the Postal Savings Bank. TOMAS: Thrifty Rosauro ! ESTEBAN: That's what I say, Thrifty Rosauro! ROSAURO: I haven't y~t told you all. I still have some money left in the bank. Not much but a little. That money I will not spend. It is precious to me: That money I call "my nest-egg," and I mean to add to it. TOMAS: Well, Sa.uro, you have taught me a lesson. I am going to save my money also. You'll be calling me "thrifty To(Please turn to page 239.) 224 THE YOUNG CITIZEN June, 1940 IS M.V MAIR IRUSIUD? IS MY FACE WASMJ;D? ARE MY EARS CLEAN ? ARE M\' TEETl-1 HUSMED? IS MY NECIC CL&AN? ARE MY MANDS WAS MED? ARE MY FINGER NAILS CLEAN? MAV' I A FRESH MANDkERCNIEF ? ARE MY CLOTMSS NUT ? ARE lft.V LEGS CLEAN? AU MY FE ET CLEAl'I? ASK THE LOOKINC CLASS. cS4, 1 ... ,, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 225 HOW MARIO WAS ABLE TO GO TO SCHOOL By PABLO M. CUASAY IT WAS a pleasant day although the rainy season had already begun. That was the second week after the opening of school in June. Mario was not yet enrolled. The year before he could not study because his poor mother c?uld not afford to send him to school. His father died when he was still three years old. Mario's teacher was very sorry for the boy because Mario finished the fourth grade at the head ·of the cla~s. One morning' the teacher m the fifth grade went to Mario's house to talk to the boy's mother. The house was small but it was clean, inside and out. Save for a table, two chairs, and a low papag · 'which also served as bed, there were no other pieces of furn!ture. "I came here," the teacher began, when he was seated, "because I want to talk to you about Mario. · I wish that your boy could go back to school. I am not campaigning for a bigger enrollment; in fact my class is already full. • I wish Mario to continue studying because he is bright, deligent, and useful." ' "I am glad about what you have said of my son," said the mother. If there is anything I want most for Mario, it is that he be educated. This past year, I was unhappy because Mario had to stop. But you see, maestro, we do not have the money to pay for the matriculation fee and with which to buy books and school supplies." "The principal," said the teacher, "told me this morning that he would write a letter tO the superintendent so that Mario may be exempted from the matriculation fee. As for the books; Mario need not buy any, for he could borrowitrom friends. I'll help him borrow the books. I can lend him two of mine." The mother'looked at his boy who had been listening to the conversation. She knew that he had something to say but was hesitant making any interruption . "Mario, I think you like to say something," said the mother, turning to the boy. "Yes, .Mother." And then turning to the teacher continued, "Mr. Cruz, I was about to tell Mother af>out th·e little amount that I have saved in the savings bank. Mother, do you remember your giving me one centavo every day last year? With the money I bought savings bank stamps. Our teacher organized a thrift club in our class. All members made some savings." "How much have you saved?" she asked the boy eagerly. . "I have saved one peso and seveljty-six (Please turn la page 235.) 226 THE YOUNG CITIZEN. June, 1940 ELEMENTARY SCIENCE SECTION THE MEHAN GARDEN By SILVINO EPIS'!'OLA • FOR eighty-one years now the Mehan Garden, located near the Arroceros street not far from the Parian, in Manila, has been the object of interest of animal foven. ·It has also been made a convenient resting place by some people who lie on its benches under cool, shady trees. Sebastian Soler Vidal, a Spanish botanist laid the plans of this garden in compliance with an order' of Governor Norzagaray. The monument of this famous botanist now stands in the garden, facing the Taft Avenue. The apimals that are kept there are a source of interest'to many people. V cry recently I. vjsited thc;t Mehan Garden and spent a highly profitable time watching the interesting animals in it. The silence of the place is broken now and then by the v"ried calls of different birds, the . funny chattering of • Student, Arellano High School, Manila, monkeys, and the rustle of the leaves of trees which make the garden look like a little forest. The garilen has a miniature plaza which has a bandstand, two big inclosures where various kinds of animals and birds, are kept, and ~ shady pool where many gold-fish.swim. On the four corners are plots on which grow various kinds of shrubbery. Tall and sturdy trees which are valuable botanical ·specimens grow in scattered places, giving. a refreshing sh a.de. In the first inclosure in the southern part of the garden, I saw Goyo, the big elephant. He was· captured over a decade ago in Sumatra. He is a big and ·awkward animal who moves clumsily. In India tamed elephants are emplclyed ·to haul huge timber in the forest. Have (Please turn to page 232). lune, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 227 THE TAILOR BIR:Q By HERMINIA ANCHETA "MOTHER, do you know anything about the tailor bird?" asked Cecilia one night. "Why, my child?" answered Mother. "Our teacher told us to be ready to · talk about this bird tomorrow," replied Cecilia. "Yes, I can tell you many things about. it• You may ask me questions while I talk about it," said Mother. Mother began: "The tailor bird gets its name from its being able to sew. Before it begins to lay eggs, it makes a nest by sewing Ie"aves together. "This bird is small. Its bill is smail, long, and pointed." "What does it eat?" asked Cecilia. "It eats insects, worms, and fruits. It lives among bamboo fnd fruit trees near hollses." "Will you tell me how it builds its n~st?" "It is fun to see how it builds its nest. It loqks for two leaves at the end· of a small branch or twig. It sews the leaves together with ifs long, sinall, and pointed bill, When the edges of the leaves are sewed together, it gathers soft grass and fibers. "The tailor ,bird places them in this sac. These make a soft bed." "What noise does the tailor bird make?" asked Cecilia. ' "The tailor bird does not keep still. It always moves and says: "tick, tack" as it goes from one twig to another." Mother paused a while and then went on, "boys and girls should be kind to the tailor bird. Boys should not shoot the tailor bird with sling shots. This bird is a friend of the farmers because it eats the insects that d~stroy their plants. ,It also sings in its wee, wee voice, to ma~e us happy." "Thank you, Mother," said Cecilia. SOMETHING TO DO · DIRECTIONS: See if you can tell which o' the sentences in the list is true. If the ·sentence is true, draw a line under True. If the sentence is not true, draw a line under False. I. The tailor bird uses leaves to build its nest. True False 2. The tailor bird is large. Titie False 3. Its bill is small. True False 4. It eats insects, worms, and fruits. True False II. List five more birds which you know. I. ······-··························-·························-········· 2 ................................... -................................... . 3 ........................................................................ . 4 ........................................................................ . s . .......................................... _ .......................... .. 228 THE YOUNG CITIZEN June, 1940 • YQU. TOO. CAN BE MAGICIANS By LUKAS MORTELL · Bovs and girls open their mouth in sheer stupefaction as they watch the magician perform his bags of tricks. If you know some elemen.tary. chemical combinations, you, also, can be magicians in a big way. Follow the directions accompanying the illustrations, and you will be surprised by the results. Chemicals can be purchased, in the drug store. June, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 229 THE, ELVES.AND THE MILKBOY (Continutd from page 214.) The following morning Aling Tinay said to her son, "The little men have made us prosperous. We must sh(\w them that we are grateful to them." "How can we show them that we are grateful?" asked Kiko. "We shall think of a plan to repay them for their service," the mother said. Then Kiko spoke,."Some nights ago I left a _box of chocolate on the table. When I looked for it the following'morn- • ing, I found· that it was empty. Now I suspect that they like chocolate very much and must have eaten it. Let us prepare a box of chocolate for them tonight," Kiko said, a happy twinkle in his eyes. A.ling Tinay was pleased with the idea, and so that night they placed a nicelywrapped box of chocolate in one of the · shelves and took the battles away. They thought that the little men had worked for them long enough, and that they deserved a vacation. · · At midnight, A.ling Tinay and Kiko who had hidden themselves behind the curtain, saw the little men bounding in and were about to set to work. But there was no single bottle to be seen, only a box of chocolate. At·first they were astonished. They looked at each other wonderingly for a l~ng time, and then they smiled happily, and danced around the box. Then they opened th~ bo~ and began eating the chocolate. They danced as thty ate, skipping lightly and fast with their nimble little legs. When they had eaten everything, they danced themselves out of :the door. From that time 'on, the elves did not come any more, but grateful A.ling Tinay and Kiko lived ~ happy, 1 prosperous life. CARLING AND HIS FLUTE (Continued from page 209.) softly: his dream was funny indeed. In the darkness of his bed Car ling -wished that he owned a musical instrument-a flute, for instance, with its high and sweei melodious sound, like the voice produced by the siloy, that _blackwhite .iitpe bird that sang so, swee'tly ·in the th1cltet near. his house very ear 1 y in the morning or when the sun was· about. to set. . Or a saxophone with its low mo~ning sound which . was like a soft: pleading· cry. '.'Some 'day," Car.ling thought, "when I have money, I'll buy either :a flute or a saxophone-or both." The only instruments tha~ he played were ones that he made himself. One of these was the hollow stem of a papaya leaf. He · covered one end of the stem with a piece of paper or thick cloth and made four, sometimes eight, holes in ·a row on the stem. On these holes he placed his fingers. Another simple instru~ent which he played was the young coconut leaf which he wound and wound spirally. · ·This tapered off in one end, which·was used as the mouthpiece. The sound produced by this instrument was so loud it disturbed people and even himself. Besides it cquld not produce fuany variations in notes, and so after a while he would get tired of it. The following morning when he was going to the meadow with his flock of sheep, Carling stopped at a·bamboo grove and cut a small bamboo stem. While the sheep were grazing contentedly and his dog Hankow was peacefully drowsing nearby, ·the boy began making his flute with his sharp knife. At about noon he produced a good-looking llute. When he tried it, he was surprised when it gave forth a pleasant s_ound. Days after when (Plea1t tlirn to #"6• 235.) 230 THE YOUNG CITI7.EN lune, 1940 WORK AND PLAY SECTION COCKEYED CROSS-WORD PUZZLE By SALVADOR AGUIRRE CRUZ ACROSS: I. A drop of salty fluid from the eyes. 4. To leave out. 7. Gray on white with age. 9. A preposition, meaning· position, state, or condition. IL Evening. 12. A conjunction to show choice. 13. Soft, wet earth. 15. Annoy. 16. A sack; a pouch. 18. Work. 19. An interjection meaning to see. 20. An article used before singular nouns. 21~ Having existed or lived many years. 22. Middle. 24. Ma)te a purchase. 26. A family pet which gives a purring sound. 28. A preposition, meaning position, state, or condition. 29. To pull or drag by a rope or line. 3 P. A way of addressing one's mother. 32. Having little weight: 34. A jungle anima1. 35. To flow gently. DOWN: I. A number of .persons working or playing together, as to form.a side _in a game. 2. An exclamation expressing sudden, but mild, emotion, as pity. 3. A small d.eer of EurQpe and Asia. 4. A metal-bearing mineral or rock. 5. A pronoun showirig possession. 6. A native of Turkey. 8. An interjection, meaning "Hail!" or "Farewell I" 10. A large, deep vessel for washing purposes. 12. A globe. . 14. To waste time; to delay. 15. An ord.er of classic architecture characterized by a spiral, scroll-shaped ornamental top. 17. The creator of heaven and earth .. 18. A thick, sweet fruit preserve; to become tightly packed. 21. Not within <!oors. 23. A bank or wall built so l.s to hold water. · 24. Temporary freedom given a_ defen'dant or prispner when -ecurity. is entered for 0his appearance when summoned. 25. A. piece of timber. 27. A narrative or story. 29. A silvery white, soft ·metal from which many useful articles are made, as boxes, cans, pans, etc. . 30. A relative pronoun. · 32. An interjection meaning to behold. 34. A preposi!ion. (Answers on page 237.) .1 FALLING TIMBER: A GAME By BEATO A. DE LA CRUZ THIS game is popular in Aklan. From eleven to twenty children can take part i11 the game. All the players, except one, form a circle. They sit on the ground .and stretch their legs toward the center. The players also stretch their hands forward. The extra player steps into the circle and places his feet at the point in the center where all the feet meet together. His feet are held tight by all the feet of the players around· him. Then he stands as stiff as a "piece of timber" ready to fall any moment. The "timber" must fall straight without bending his knees. · At the signal, "Timber, fall,'' the boy in the center starts to fall like a felled tree upon the hands of the· player who form the circle. His feet must never leave the center of the circle. Each player on the (Pletiu turn to page 235.) AN ARITHMETIC PUZZLE IN Drawing 1 below, the sum of three figures is always 9, whether added horizontally, vertically, or diagonally. In Drawing 2, fill each of the nine squares with any number so that thr.ee figures, added horizontally, vertically, or diagonally will give 9. 3 3 3 3 3 3 . .3 3' 3' :t CROSS-WORD PUZZLE By ARTURO SINCO ACROSS:. I. The seed of the oak. 2. A preposition to show direction. 3. Abbreviation of "for example". 231 4. Relation of number, degree, or quantity; the quotient of one quantity divided by another of like kind. DOWN: I. A performer in plays or dramas. 5. A coordinating conjunction. "6. A member of a typical black African race. 7. A pronoun in the third person. 'A PHONIC'S GAME By ALICIA NEBRIAGA GRADES III-;VII THIS game can be played by pupils from grades III to VII, suiting the ma. terials to the particular grade it is used in. Direction: Write the phonics list on the board: Example: face cake lace sway stay trail (Ple~se turn to page 235.) etc . 232 THE YOUNG CITIZEN lune, 1940 THE MEHAN GARDEN (Continued from page 226~) you seen a circus in which a.n elephant was one of its main attractions? Not far from Goyo, I observed the Russian bears. They were captured in Siberia where the climate is cold,' but one of them, I suppose, was born in the Mehan Garden. They have a coat of brown fur to keep them warm and also sharp claws to work and fight with. Brown bears can be tamed. In the ne;xt c~ge I saw a couple of terrible-looking wild hogs with long snouts and sharp, yellow tusks. The wild hog "is widely distributed throughout the Philippines, and is hunted by many because "its meat is delicious. This animal is very destructive to plants so that farmers build strong fences around their farms. Tex, the tiger, was in a pensive mood in the next cage. The Palmer-Johnson· Expedition in 1939 captured him in China. Tex has an orange coat which is striped with black. The tiger is among the fiercest of animals and, like the lion, belongs to the cat family. On a wooded hillock in a corner of the same inclosure I saw a couple of strange ·animals called mousedeer or cheµrotan. The mousedeer though barely two feet high cari outrun many beasts. The mousedeer is a rare animal from Palawan. Having seen all the interesting animals in that inclosure, I followed an acaciashaded path leading to the southern part of the garden. Standing alone where the path divides itself is an akuio tree or dys5xylum decandrum. This big tree is a' native of the Philippines. Near the bandstand, to the right, is a macupa tree or Eugenia Mallacencis. The fruit. of the macupa which is common in the country is delicious. Another tree I saw was the ipil. From the ipil we obtain first class hard wood. This tree is used by the Bureau of Foresty in reforesting barren hills. After a short walk northward, I came to the northern in closure. Near it is a pond in which could be seen many goldfish gracefully gliding in languour and seeming contentment. The monkeys in the enclosure caught my attention, and watching the"m pick one another's lice and eating their ca.tch greatly amused me. In another partition of that cage I saw what looked like a big rotting log lying near a pool. Upon close observation, I found out that it was a big crocodile. This animal has square scales "on its back which are as thick as ancient armor plates, and it& long tail has a deadly lashing strength. Crocodiles are found in many big rivers in the tropics and are dreaded because they are man-eaters. Some prcicupines that were running. about )n ·the next cage caught my attention .. The quills of this animal which, I suppose, are sharp look harmless on its back, but when the procupine is exposed to danger they stand up, making it look like a pin-cushion. Procupines can be found in Palawan. The next partition is a sort of aviary where several Philippine birds are kept. I saw some eagles perching high in one cage. These birds which are noted for their keen eyes have· a gray color on the back and white•on the breast and on the legs. . Their hoarse call may be heard in the high mountains where they live. In another cage were some pigeons. Looking at them made me think of the pigeons used as message-bearers during the w6rld war from 1914 to 1918 and also in the present war .in Europe. On·the ground.I saw some herons peck(Plea11 ·titrn to page ·235.) lune, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 233 SCHUBERT ... (Continued from page 221.) Schubert's. It 'also saw the beginning of his only official appointment, the post of music-master to the family of Court' Johann Ester hazy at Zelesz, where he spent the summer amid pleasant and friendly surroundings. On his return to Vienna in the autumn he found that Von Schober had no room for him, and so he took up his residence with the poet Mayrhofer. He made his first public appearance as a aong-writer on February 28, 1819. All these years music publishers would not print his· works. It was not until his friend Vogl had sung Erlkonig at a concert that Diabelli, a publisher, hesitatingly agreed to print soine of his works on commission. But he did not get much from this. The mishaps of these years were compensated by the prosp·erity and happiness of 1825 when publication moved more rapidly; the stress of poverty wa,s for a time lightened. In the summer there was a pleasant holiday in Upper Austria where Schubert was welcomed with enthusiasm. Some of his smaller pieces were printed shortly after his death, but the more valuable seem to have been regarded by the publishers as waste paper. Schubert is best summed up by Liszt, a'nother great composer, as the most poetic of mu·sicians. In clarity of style he was inferior to Mozart, in power of musical construction he was far inferior to Beethoven, but in poetic impulse and suggestion he is unsurpassed. He wrote always at headlong speed, he seldom . blotted a line, and the greater part of his work bears, as a result, the essential mark of improvisation* He was the· greatest song-writer that. ever • An extemporaneous musical composition. lived, and almost everything in his, hand turned to song. Like Mozart, whose influence over him was ·considerable, he wrote nearly ali the finest of his compositions in the last ten' years of his life. He wrote operas, pianoforte compositions, sonatas, and concerted pieces for the voice, but the bulk of his works was in his songs which nqmbered over 600 and contained masterpieces from the beginning of his career to the end. He w r o t e .compositions for tlie poems of Shakespeare, Sir . Walter Scott, and other poets. He is said to have been undiscriminating in his choice of words. Schuman declared that "he could set a handbill to music," an.d there is no doubt that he was inspired. by 'any lyric which contained, though even in imperfect expression, the germ of a poetic idea. But his finest songs are almost all to beautiful poems. He set over 60 of the poems of Schiller, famous German poet, and 70 of Goethe, the greatest poet of Germany. To Schubert the world · owes the introduction into music of a particular quality of romance, a particular ''addition of strangeness to beauty"; and so long as the art remains his place among its supreme masters is undoubtedly assured. , Like Mozart, ~chuman di~d young. He aied on November 19, before completing his 32nd year. JUMBLED PHILIPPINE GEOGRAPHY THE ANSWERS I.-1. Panay, 2. Mindoro, 3. Samar, 4 .. Bohol, 5. N egros. Il.-1. Batangas, 2. Tarlac, 3. Tayabas, 4. Cebu, 5. Leyte. III.-!. Bato, 2. Taal, 3. Mainit1 4. Lanao, 5. Buhi. 234 THE YOUNG CITIZEN June, 1940 To MAKE my house a more p1'easant place to live in, I d~cided to get rid of mosquitoes, flies, bedbugs, and other kinds of vermin that seemed to find our house and its surroundings very comfortable places of habitation. My teacher in health and sanitation had taught me that vermins are a nuisance to human beings. My qrother and I filled the stagnant pool near our house with garbage and earth in order to deprive the mosquitoes of a nice place to grow their young. We drained the ditch near the house properly so that water would not stand. After this we buried the manure and ot!r.er dirty matter wjiich served as good breeding places of flies. And then we swept the yard very well. The program for the following day was to destroy t!r.e house pests-chiefly bedbugs and cockroaches. While waiting for the petroleum can of water to boil, my brother and I took all our mov•Thirteen years old Rizal Elementary school, Tondo, Manila. ~· ' ,, . '· ·~. able pieces of furniture to our yard, in the sunshine. These I liberally sprayed with "flit." And then we poured boiling water on every crack and crevice where I know bedbugs were safely hiding. When I was sure that every blood' sucker had taken a good hot bath, we ·left t!r.e furniture in the sunshine the whole day, taking them upstairs in the late afternoon. In the meantime, my brother and I in. vestigated and clean every nook and corner of the house which were possible cosy habitats of cockroaches. The boiling water was a most convenient and thorough-going weapon in convincing the cockroaches that the house was getting too warm for their comfort and they had better scram to save their black, filty skin. We repeated this highly effective process once every three weeks, until the house and its surroundings were fit only for healthy, sanitary~minded human beings. As for the rats-well, we have never (Please turn to page 239.) lune, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 235 CARLING AND HIS FLUTE (Continued from page 229.) the bamboo dried up, the quality of the sound improved, until jinally, it produced a beautiful sound. While he watched the sheep in the pasture, Carling played (Please turn to page 237.) ROW MARIO WAS ABLE ... (Continued from ~ge 225.) centavos. This will be more than what I'll need for the school slipplies:" "Oh, by the way, Aling Sela," said the teacher, "Mario's. teacher in gardening said that Mario has one peso deposited with Mr. Castro.. This amount came from the sales of Mario's garden vege- · tables. Mario could get the money any time." Great was Aling Sela's and· MariO's joy when they were s11re about the boy's going back to school. On the bamboo stairs Mr. Cruz turned / to speak to the boy. "Mario, don't fail to remind me about your books after you have enrolled." And then he bade Aling Sela and Mario goodbye. The two watched Mr. Cruz walk .. away. "He is a very kind teacher," Aling Sela said quietly. ' "I'm glad he came," the boy said. "You must behave well in the class," spoke the mother. "You must do everything to please Mr. Cruz." THE MEHAN GARDEN (Continued from page 232.) ing around quietly. The heron seems to walk on stilts and has only one leg visible when it is at rest.. In the field this bird may be seen perching on the carabao's back. The heron frequents inland lakes and creeks where it feeds on the smaller aquatic animals. . In going home I took the way which runs parallel to the Taft Avenue. I saw the monument of Sebastian Soler Vidal with an inscription in Spanish at its base. I stood looking at the statue for a while, thinking of the unique contribution of the man who laid the plans, of the.· Mehan Garden. · A PHONIC'$ GAME (Continued from pagt 231.) Then write the same words on ftash cards. Place the cards on the chalk ledge with the blank sides up. The appointed leader goes to the board and takes. one card without showi~g it-to the class. He asks: I have a word on this card; guess what it is. Pupil: Leader: Is it cake? No, it is not cake-or Yes, it is cake. The one who can guess and pronounce the word correctly ~ecomes the next leader. But even if the word is guessed · correctly if it is not rightly pronounced he does not become a leader. VARIATION-Instead of ftash cards, the. words may J?e written on small pieces of paper which are rolled and placed i~ an open box. It will then be like drawing lots. FALLING TIMBER (Continued from page 231.) circle must stretch his hands to push the "timber" away from him. He must not stand or sit up to do this. He remains in his original position. Every player tries to push the "timber" away from him, or it falls upon him. If it does, then he becomes the next "timber". The game goes on as long as the children enjoy the game . 236 THE YOUNG CITIZEN June, 1940 THE DAY BARONG ... (Continued from page 211.) Carlos as he and Rita ran to their father who was sitting against a post, his clothes mud-soaked. "Don't cry, Rita. I'm all right It's only my ankle which I sprained." And then seeing th~ dog wagging his tail happily, Mang Sidro said, patting him, "So you have done a good deed again, Barong. Good, good, dog." Carlos and Rita helped their father up the stairs and to the bamboo bed. When · Mang Sidro felt comfortable on the bed, Carlos ran to the. field to get tlie lunch from the mango tree. Rita pushed the small table near the· farmer's bed, and brought in steaming cups <?f fragrant ginger tea which she had brewed so that they could have something hot with their cold lunch. The three had a merry meal together while Barortg, under the bed, was busy with the chicken bones and the whole of a big leg which Mang Sidro had given him. A few minutes· after their meal, the farmer told Carlos to walk down to the cro~sroads and get Tandang Sepa to massage his foot which he could not move any more. When the old woman came, Rita assisted her by heating the kapok leaves and cutting rags for ba.ndaging. It must be awfully painful, the girl thought, to have his father's foot massaged the way Tandang Sepa did it. However, when the quack was through, Mang Sidro said he felt better. · Carlos took Tandang Sepa home, and then took a bus to town to tell his mother about Mang Sidro's sprained foot, else she would wait and wait for them. He was told that he might sp;,nd the night at his aunt's house in. the town, as Mang Sidro and Rita could manage the night 4 !3 i2 ANSWER CROSS-WORD PUZZLE 1 4 3 3 5. 2 through. But. Carlos knew that his mother would send him back. Aling lpay herself would go home right quick if she knew that her husband had met with an accident, but Mang ·Sidro made Carlos promise to assure her that he was all right and that he, Mang Sidro, wanted 'her help Tia Juana. · The farmer told Rita she might study · to be a nurse when she grew up. 'She was very much concerned with the sprain of her father. After their supper which Rita cooked and which Mang Sidro declared was- as good as A ling lpay's work, · Rita lighted the oil lamp at the altar. When the last bus from the town stopped, Rita told her father, "I think that's Carlos." And sure enough it was G:arlos with two large baskets sent by Tia Juana .. There were .large white rice cakes, chicken soup with sutanjon, other kinds of cakes wrapped in banana leaves, and a large heart of delicious yellow custard. THE BALANGJGA MASSACRE (Continued from page 218. )' tory was at hand as the retreating insurgents vanished one by one into the forest. But that was not the end. After several hours native warriors with flashing spears came from all directions, like a swarm of locusts, and attacked the Amerlune, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 237 icans again. This time the foreigners were greatly outnumbered by the Samariiios, and the only way to save themselves was either to surrender or retr•eat.. But the gallant twenty held their ground firmly, making no inch of retreat. But their heroic resistance was hopeless. They were forced back to their rooms and hacked there. Major Griswold and Lieutenant Bumpus W\ere killed while Captain Con'nel who jumped from the window died. Of the remltining twenty ·soldiers, only six were able to escape in groups of three. They stole· two barolos (native bancas) and set ·out for Tacloban, the nearest American outpost. The native warriors pursued them all day, but were kept at a distance by the rifles of the fugitives. One of the boats ·drifted ashore and landed at Lipata, now a barrio of Basey, and its unfortunate occupants were murdered by the natives' there. The three other Americans continued sailing under the heat of the burning sun. Thirst, hunger, and their torturing wounds added to their suffe.ring. After a harrowing night, the three survivors landed at dawn of September 29, 1901, at Tolosa, a. town of eastern Leyte where they w.ere picked up and housed by one· of the prominent friendly natives of that town. In the afternoon of the same day they were able to connect Tacloban to which they proceeded to tell the news of the massacre. Immediately a relief expedition was ' dispatched to Balangiga to recover the bodies of the slain soldiers and punish the insurgents. But when the Americans landed at Balangiga, the natives had deserted the town. On the spot where the bloody combat was fought were traces of dry blood. The bodies of the dead soldiers had already been bl}ried in the town plaza. The insurgents and their (P/1011 turn to page 239. CARLING AND HIS FLUTE (Cantiriued from page 235.) on his flute until he was able to play most of the pieces that he had heard the town band play. One day, Carling took along ,his flute to the kiosko where the band was playing. Most of the pieces played were familiar to him. He wanted to play with the musicians, but he was afraid. that he might be scolded by the ·conductor and laughed at by the players. At last the teJ:!lptation was so gr-eat that he got out his flute which he had hidden in his pocket and played with the musicians. When the musicians saw the boy, they made signs to stop him, ·but Carling went on with his playing. The conductor who w~s a kindly old man watched Carling with interest, and then when the piece was finished, he approached the boy who (Please turn to page 239. •. COCKEYED CROSS-WORD PUZZLE (The Answer) 238 A Day at the Beach By ARSENIO A. BALAIS ( 13 years old) EARLY one morning my mother, sist~r, brother, and I packed our lunch and articles needed and went to spend a day at the beach. The day was clear and fair. When we arrived at the beach, I was a little disappointed because in my imagination I had pictured a bea<ch as being more attractive than what I really found it fo be. But I soon found it to be a very interesting place. First, we put on our bathing suits for a swim. I am not much of. a swimmer, but I enjoyed playing in the big waves when they came rolling toward the shore. As I got bolder, I went further from the shore until a man catching crabs told me to go back to the beach. Of course our 1 unch tasted very good when we ate it under some trees along the beach. I think the lunch was the most enjoyable part of our outing. THE YOUNG CITIZEN CLUB Hunting With Father By BLAS MEJI • VERY early one Saturday morning my father woke me up and asked me if I would like to go hunting with him and some friends. Of course I wanted to go, and so I jumped up from my bed. I helped him prepare the things we· needed. After beakfast we set out, my father shouldering his gun while I carried our provision. On our way to the mountains we met a young man. According ,to a· popular belief among the hunters of •Fourteen years old, Elementary School, Bato, Le}•te. Making forts and tunnels in the sand is lots of fun. But one should take a 1 on g something with which to dig the sand. I enjoyed looking for shells and star fish. One can always find interesting shells near the beach. Presently it was time to return home. I was quite tired after my day at the beach. lune, 1940 my place, a chance meeting on a hunting trip is· a good omen. Not long after our arrival at the mountain fastness noted for game, our dogs began to scent quarry. The dogs began to bark and soon disappeared in hot pursuit. Presently a huge boar came running fast toward F-ather. He aimed, and then there was a loud detonation which gave a long and loud echo. The poor animal, hit on the forehead, died almost instantly. I ran towards the boar, and on se<:ing that it still looked alive, I grabbed it by the neck and rode on it as though I were a wrestler atop his opponent. My companions laughed at me, although I was quite serious becauoe I thought that I was doing something big and important. We carried our catch to our camp where we cooked some of the meat. We feasted on the boar with high spirits. Shortly after we had had our fill, we went home with the air of conquerors. June, \1940 THE BALANGIGA ... (C.ontinued from pa9e 237.) lead~rs had retreated into the lnountains. To this day the fame of Valeriano Abanador, the brave leader, and Eugenio Daaz, the master-mind of the plot, has remained, and the names of these two insurgents have been endeared in the hearts of the natives of Balangiga. CARLING Aj'W HIS FLUTE (Continued from Pa,ge 237.) showed fear in his face and was about to run away. But ' the conductor held him by the hand. "Where and how \lid you learn flute playing?" he asked the boy. Carling told him everything. · "If you want," said the conductor, "you may join the band." The happiness of the boy was unbounded. The day the boy joined the band was the beginning of the boy's rise to fame. He was able to pay his way to school from his share in the band. Later he went to . study music in Manila. Afterwards he became a great musician-a slow, upward rise train a poor, earnest boy who made his own bamboo flute and played while he watched his sheep in the pasture. RIDDING OUR PLACE ... (Continued from page 234.) been bothered by rats since we took in two cats for household pets. After a week or so with .the family, THE YOUNG CITIZEN THRIFTY ROSAURO (Continued from page 223.) mas." Come on, Steve, we must be going. Goodbye, Rosauro. ROSAURO: Goodbye; boys. (The friends separate, Rosaura going to school, and Tomas and Esteban going home.) (CURTAIN) Scene Ill (Tomas is seen at a window in the local post office talking to a clerk at the Postal Savi~gs Bad Department.) TOMAS: How. can I open an account in the Postal Savings Bank? CLERK: If you have one peso, you can open an account. If you deposit one peso, we will issue you a book in which, your initial deposit will be entered. TOMAS: But, sir, I have only fifty centavos which I earned yesterday. CLERK: Would you like to save that? TOMAS: Yes, sir. the cats mysteriously increased in weight. Last year one of the cats died. I suspect that he died for lack of exercise: there were not enough rats to run afterand feast on. Today the other cat appears sleepy most of the time. I know why: he has found the house very dull, for want of -game. 239 CLERK: Here is a card with spaces for 10 ten-centavo stamps. With the fifty centavos which you now have you can buy 5 ten-centavo postal savings. stamps and paste them on thi's card. As soon as possible, buy some more stamps. When you have filled this card with ten stamps which are worth a peso, return it to me and I will issue you a Postal Savings Bank Book in which your deposit will be entered whenever you niak;e one. TOMAS: Here, sir, is the money. (He giues the clerk his fifty centavos. The clerk gives him the card and the five stamps, which he pastes on the card.) Than~ you, sir. I shall be back in a few days for the other five stamps. I am going to save my money from this time on. (Esteban enters the post office and sees Tomas.)· ESTEBAN: Hello, Tomas. What are you doing here? · TOMAS: Just starting a postal savings. account. ESTEBAN: That is exactly what I have come to do. I, too, ha¥e learned my lesson from. thrifty Rosauro. Next year I'm going to school/ · TOMAS: Me too, Esteban I (CURTAIN) SCHOOL days are with us again. We are in company with new faces, new teachers and new friends. One great fun e>f school life is meeting people with varying characteristics. Getting along well with persons whose traits are different from ours is an enviable ability. Education is not only book learning. Education also embraces the training a child in dealing with his fellows. The happiest persons are those who count with many good friends. The school is one of the best training grounds for the social development of a boy or gir I. School days are among the best times in forming beautiful and lasting frienships. * * * You have probably noticed a changed layout of the magazine, a better one we are proud to think. We have better, much bigger illustrations, going with materials which have been selected from many manuscripts; for, you see, contributions have come pouring, as it were, from all THE YOUNG CITIZEN parts of the country. This is tr u 1 y encouraging. Teachers from the remotest barrios where children wallow in the mud on rainy days have sent us stories, poems, and teaching devices which they have found successful. THE YOUNG CITIZEN has become a medium though which teachers share their ideas and experiences. * * * One thing that must have struck the attention of our readers is the lack of advertisements in the pages of this magazine. The reason for this is not the shying away of advertizers from us; people will only be too glad to advertize in THE YOUNG CITIZEN because of its big and growing circulation. You see that our pages are "full and "solid". This i~ poor business on our part, we know, but we do not mind, not much anyway. We want to serve the teachers and young boys and girls of this country. lune, 1940 IN OUR opinion the version of Elias de Jesus Umali of the story of the little red hen is more entertaining than the original prose selection. Mr. Umali has sent us two thick batches of poems, almost all of them very good and which we shall use from time to time. * * * You have i:ead of ghost writers, those self-effacing scribblers who slave in the shadow while the big shots for whom they wriie bask in the sunlight. But perhaps ·you ·have not read of ghost editors. Well, THE YOUNG CITIZEN has had one in the last few months. But the ghost editor 'lJ.:ho is now writing this page will not be a ghost any longer. By the time you get hold of his issue, he will have died. You will never know who is-nor care. He has fallen in love with ;his work of reading an d editing interesting manuscript~, faUen like a ton of steel; but this ghost of an editor will die, soon. Before he breathes his last, he wishes to say to all THE YOUNG·CITIZEN readers: Goodbye, auf wierdersehen, adios, sayonara-al/ of which mean, Since it must be . ... Ghost Editor. ' Announcement to All Our 1 1 Young Readers: Did you ever do something interesting and worth while? Have you had any ezperience in dob11' any of the following: (1) Collecting Philippine Shells, (2) Hunting Turtles, (3) Exploring a Volcano, (4) Catching Sharks, (6) Making an Aquarium, (8) Collecting Postage Stamps, (7) Visiting Famous Churches of the Philippine1, (8) Making a Garden, (9) Raising Flowers, (10) Making Candies, (11) Building a Sail Boat, (12) Hunting for Wild Animals, (13) Baking Bread or Cakes, (14) Maktng Articles of Clothing, (16) Making Articles of Furniture, (16) Visiting the Aquarium in Manila, (1'1) Collecting Moths and Butterflies, (18) Collecting Interesting Botan~al Specimens, (19) Raising Orchids, (20) Visiting Primitive Peoples in the Philippine., or doing many other interesting things. WRITE ABOUT IT IN A SHORT COMPOSITION. Send your composition to The Young Citizen. Each month the Editor of The Young Citizen will publish as man1• of the best compositions as space will permit. • ' . If rour composition is accepted for publication, you will become a member of The What-Are-You-Doing? Club. The rules for securing membership are simple. OBSERVE THE FOLLOWING RULES: 1. Write about something interesting which you have done, such as thP above titles suggest. Do not write a story which is not true. If your story is accepted, you are a member of the Club. 2. On your composition write your name and address VERY PI,AINLY. 8. State your age. (. Tell what you liked best in recent issues of The Young Citizen. Address all letters to : The What-Are-You-Doing? Club Care of Community Publishers, Inc. Publishers of The Young Citizen P. 0. Box 685. Manila, Philippines The most practical fountain pen yoa can bUJVenatile-it write• well on any kind of paper-rouch, smooth, thin, thick, wrappinr, or blotting paper. It can easily make four carbon c:opia. It fih any hand-stands rough handling-draws lines. without smearinc·the rulei with ink. Prices: from P3.oo to P4.50, (Acid 25 centavos for postage) Inkograph fountain pens are the product of well-known American manufacturers INKOGRAPH COMPANY, INC., New York, U.S. A. Crystal Arcade Baltl <ir<lwirJely bj COMMUNITY PUBLisHERS, INC. The Uses of THE YOUHG CITIZEN Approved in Aca4. Bull. Na. 11, serit1 1935 Escolta, Manila The Director of Education, in his letters of Nov. 41 1937 and Jan. 141 1939, indicated the following points: 1. The YOUNG-CITIZEN is ideal for audience reading, group projects, and the like. 2. The YOUNG CITIZEN can be of much help in encouraging reading habits on a voluntary basis. · 3. Authority is given for the placina: of one er more subscriptions for n11r1 clamaom (including barrio schools) of Grade II and above. 4. In addition to subscriptions for classrooms, several subscriptions may be placed for the library, and one for the Home Economics Buildin1 and one for the shop building. J. The YOUNG CITIZEN being the only magazine ever published in the Philippines for children, the Bureau of Education has taken much interest in its development. 6. Subscriptions to magazine intended for pupils should be on full year basis. This magazine is published 12 times a year COMMUNITY PUBLISHERS, INC. MANILA . , I