The Young Citizen: The Magazine for Young People

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Part of The Young Citizen: The Magazine for Young People

Title: The Young Citizen: The Magazine for Young People
Issue Date: Volume 6 (Issue No. 10) October 1940
Year: 1940
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extracted text: Announcement to All Writers: - - - 0 - - We Will Pay You for writing articles 11f merit for publication In THE YOUNG C~. We want intere1tiag cbildren'1 1torie1 frdm 200 to SOO word1 in lenlf:hi al10 game1,_readin1 dnica, articles of bi1t6rical intere.t, elementary 1eience a.id health articlea, puzzlea, jokes, and playlet1. We al10 with to buy .everal aood Hrial 1torie1. lntoreatin1 1torie1 leH than ZOO words in leoatb &H deaired for Little Peopl~. You, can add to your income by writiDI for UI. Primary Teachers: We especially desire various kinda of intereetin1 material suitable for First. Second. and Thlrd Grade Pupils. We will pay teachers and othen for material which we can use. Each article should be written in clear, easy, c;orrcct Ehglish, on one side of the paper, typewritten if possible, or written by hand neatly and legibly. The' article ahould be submitted with a self-addressed stamped envelope, otherwise the publishers will not return it to the writer in case it .cannot be used. Address all communications to: The Managing Editor The Young Citizen Care of Community Publishers, Inc. P. 0. Box 685, Manila, Philippines • Halloween Numbers . A Halloween Page . • For Second Graders Names of Animals-Gervacia Guarin A Good Giel-Fe Velasquez ... • For Third Graders Can You Guess?-Concepcion Zafra-Garcia Time to Do Things-Jaime· Malanyaon , . • Stopes Halloween Ghosts-Panzita Flores :rh.e Halloween Party-Angtl P. Campoy The Story of Mowgli . , •••. The Clever Goblin (A Playlet) My Faithful Dog-Casimiro Bautista . • Poems 364 365 366 367 368 369 371 373 375 377 379 Halloween-A'ngel Y. Campoy 363 • Character and Citizenship The Beginning-Dr. I. Panfasigui 362 Hurnility-Artliur M,ee •..... , ............•. , , 392 • Elementary Science Mother Rabbit and Her Babies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370 The Invisible Ocean in Which We Live ........................... , . 384 • Health and Safety How to Stop a Case of Hiccups .................. , Safety First-Mrs. Paz J. Eugenio . Music Appreciation Dreams-Wm. Luton Wood .. . Clip-Clap ................... . Chopin, the Poet of the Piano-Bert Paul Osbon • Work and Play Making a Terrarium . . . . . . . A Cross-Word Puzzle in Geography-Benjamin L. Pagulayan Drawing a Pig-Petronilo A, Buan ... , Making Candies ................... . Catching Eels-Dioscoro P. Sibayan . . . ..••......••. A Tribute to the Y. M. C. A. Boys Club-ff' enceslao Ramos Earning a Pair of Shoes-Romulo P. Martin • , The Funny Page ..... , .. Chats with the Editor ... ... :. 388 388 385 387 380 . ..• 381 382 389 390 390 391 395 395 395 398 400 Published monthly by tbe Community Publishers, Inc., 122 Crystal Arcade, Escolta, Manila, Philippines. Entered as Second Class Mail Matter at the Manila Post Office on May 16, 1936. Editorial Dir~tor: Joae E. Romero; l!r1anaging Editor: Bert Patil Osbon: Contributin&' Editors: Dr. I. Po11!aaiq11i and QuirU!o A. Crin; Staff Artist: Pedro Paauia; BusineH Manager: Bmiliana Garclo Ro.t0le1. Subscription Price: f'3.00 for one year of 12 issues; $2.00 in tbe United State• aud foreip coUBtriea.. Single copy, 30 centavos. Subscriptiol'l.6 ore to ba paid to Commu11it11 Pitb!i.;hers, IM. nu; MAGAZINI; ~OR YOUNG Pl;OPLI; THE YOUNG CITIZEN October, 1940 THE MESSAGE THIS MONTH J THE BEGINNING A river has a beginning. It usually begins from a small spring. A tree begins from a small seed. Everything has a beginning. Rizal was a great man. He was the greatest Filipino that ever lived. But he was once a little boy. Great men and great women were once little children. . They became great because they were not bad children. We are school children now; what shall we be when we become men and women? Are we going to be good.workers? Are we going to be good citizens? Surely all of us want to be good workers when we become men and women. And we want to be good farmers, good carpenters, good teachers, good engineers, good workers. If we really wantto be good workers then, now is the time to begin. The school child who works hard will also be a good worker many years from now. Surely all of us want to be good citizens when we become men and women. To become good citizens we must be good school children. The strong and healthy child will grow up to be a strong and healthy citizen. The child who loves his country will grow up to be a man who will love his country. The child who obeys his parents_ and teachers will grow up to be a man who will always obey the laws of his country. A good man today was a good child yesterday. We must begin life well. -DR. I. PANLASIGUI OrJriha, 19./0 THE YOUNG CITIZEN A POEM FOR TiiIS MONTH HALLOWEEN By ANGEL V. CAMPOY HURRAH for Halloween! Great fun we shall have tonight; With smiling faces 'neath our masks We'll make a happy sight. We'll all be ready when it's darkWe'lllook like sprites and witches old; We'll visit grandpa and grandma, And scare the folks who are too bold. At grandma's house we'll have some funThey'll think we're witches out for.a lark, As spook or goblin each will be, And carry broom· or cat so dark. Then when the Hall'ween party's . o'er, We'll all go out upon our way, To ·play some pranks upon our friends; With shouts and fun we'll end the day. Hurrah for .Halloween! Great fun we shall have tonight; Put on your mask and join with usWe'll make a happy sight. .FOR FIRST GRADERS THE YOUNG CITIZEN October; 194lJ HALLOWEEN NUMBERS ..fWw many black cats are in the first picture? --·How many old witches are in the second picture? --. - How many cats and witches are there together? --How many sleepy owls are· in the thirr' picture? --- · How many little goblins are in the fourth picture? --How many owls and goblins are there together? --How many cats and owls are there together? --How many witches and gobHn? are there together? --How many more cats are there than owls? --How many more goblins are there than witches? --Ca.n you draw three cats? Can you draw one witch? Can you draw two goblins? Ottober, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN FOR FIRST GRADERS A HALLOWEEN PAGE I live in. .d tree. I c·dn see in. the ddrk I grew in d field . .Set me ·, n you-P window. I J~ii l '. . f' - 1 I dm bldcK. I hdve soft fur. I have Shol3p cldws. I ,., ide a bToo.m- st ic K I fl on 1-ld1loween. 316 Tiff: \;0t:-.:r; CITIZI·:'-: ~CQ1'!U GRADERS NAMES OF ANIMALS B, <;t-;J(\'AL'IA (;I .\RI'- · Write the number of the picture of each of these animal heads shown on this pege: A goat's head --A pig's head --A carabao's head --A horse's head --Write the number of the .picture of the head of an animal which eats grass, gives milk, gi~es us good meat, and lives in all parts of the Philippi,-,es. --:c-Write the number of the picture of the head of .an animal which can give us a ride, a_nd can pull a calesa. --Write the number of the picture. of the head of a large animal which draws a plow. Vv'rite the number of the picture of the head of an animal which lives in a pen and gives us meat. ---- r(":H hn, Arayat Central School, Arayat, PampanJ.!a. October, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN FOR SECOND GRADERS 1. This is Luz. She goes to school every day. She is never late. 4. She always brushes her teeth. She puts on a nice clean dress. Her shoes are always very clean. 2. A GOOD GIRL By FE VELASQUEZ• 5. She ·eats breakfast with Father and Mother. She eats some fruit and drinks some milk. *Teacher, Arayat Elementary School, Arayat, Pampanga. 3. In the morning she washes her face and her hands. She combs her hair. 6. She says goodbye to Father and Mother. She kisses them. Then she goes to schooi. THE YOUNG CITIZEN October, 1940 FOR THIRD GRADERS CAN YOU GUESS? By CONCEPCION ZAFRA-GARCIA • Sampaguita Cadena-de-amor · Write the correct name in the blank. It likes to be in the water. It has webbed feet for swimming. It has nice feathers and a flat bill. What is it? ----It grows on long vines. It is small~r than the sampaguita. The pink or white flowers are pretty. What is it? ----It has five arms. On the arms are rows of small feet. It lives in the ocean. What is it? ----It has beautiful white· flowers. The flowers smell very sweet. They make a nice necklace. What is it? ----•Teacher, San Juan Elementary School, San Juan, Rizal. October, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN FOR THIRD GRADERS TIME TO DO THINGS l . 2 3 4 By JAIME MALANYAON* Place a check mark after the correct answer. Clock No. 1 tells me the time for school in the morning. time to go home in the morning. time for school in the afternoon . Clock No. 2 tella me the time to wake up in the morning. time to go to bed at night. time to take a siesta. Clock No. 3 tells me the time to eat breakfast. time to eat supper. time to eat dinner. Clock No. 4 tells me the time to eat dinner. time to go to bed at night. time to go home from school. •Principal, Tinambac Elementary School, Tinambac, Camarines Sur. 370 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 0"Ctobtr; 1940 MOTHER RABBIT AND HER BABIES SEE the long floppy ears of Mother Rabbit and her babies! When these babies were born, they had no fur and their eyes were closed. They were born in a dark tunnel under the ground. Mother Rabbit had dug it for them. She made a soft bed of grasses and fur. The fur she pulled from her own breast. That is the way that baby rabbits are born iri the countries where ·they live .wild. Are there any wild rabbits in any of the Philippine provinces? Rabbits can leap very swiftiy over the ground with the help of their long hind legs. The rabbit can hide from his enemies. His color is so much like the ground that he is hard to see. In countries where there is much snow rabbits turn white in winter. Have .you ever· seen a mother rabbit or young rabbits? October, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 371 LITTLE STORIES FOR LITTLE PEOPLE HALLOWEEN GHOSTS ADAPTED By PANCITA FLORES. "I SAW some ghosts once,'' Daniel remarked one morning when the children were all in the schoolyard waiting for the bell to ring. "Oh, ghosts!" laughed Jo. "There's no such thing as a ghost." "You don't believe there is?" asked Daniel. "Well, wait and see!" "Where dld you see any?" .asked Coy. "I'm not going io tell you,'' said Dan. iel, "but I am going to tell Miss Flores." Everyone laughed. Then Nita, Jo's sister, said, "There aren't, any ghosts, are there, Jo?" "No," answered Jo. "Daniel is just trying to fool us." At recess time Daniel didn't go out to play, and when, at the close of recess, the children heard Miss Flores say, "Why, Daniel, I think that .will be perfectly splendid,'' they were very curious to know what she meant. "Of course,'' they thought, "it couldn't be anything about ghosts." Let us wait and see. Soon the children forgot all about Daniel's secret in the excitement of getting ready for Halloween. The school was going to have a Halloween parade around the plaza, and each of the children was to take part. The parade would be held early in the evening up and down the principal streets as well as around the plaza. Every boy and girl was going to wear a curious costume-that of a witch, or a goblin, or anything desired-and many would carry fantastic lanterns. Almost everybody in town would come out to .see the parade. All the ·p[aris were kept, a big secret so that the pupils of one roorp would not know what those of another room were going to represent in the parade. When the evening of the parade came, there were many surprises. Miss Bianco's first-graders came first and were just as pretty as they could be, all dressed up as fairies ~nd goblins . Miss Francisco's boys were dressed in their Boy Scout uniforms, and the girls wore their green Girl Scout dresses. Miss Villa's boys wanted to be a baseball nine. "But there are too many of you,'' Miss Villa said, "and what could we do with the girls?" "We'd be different· leagues,'' suggested Pedro. "And the girls could be the fans,'' said Mario. 372 THE YOUNG CITIZEN October, 1940 So Miss Villa's boys wore their bas.eball suits and carried their bats, and all the girls wore sweaters and carried their school pennants, just like real fans. Miss Calvo's children were dressed in yellow and black. They carried jack-o'lanterns which they had made out of large squashes. Each hollow jack-o'-lantern had .a grotesque face cut in it, and a lighted candle inside. Miss Moreno's pupils were witches, all in black, with peaked caps and masks, riding on brooms. But what was coming? It was hard to see very far in the dim light from the street lamps. White, ghostly figures eight feet high came bowing this way and that. "The ghosts! The ghosts!" shouted somebody, and how the people laughed . and clapped their hands as the ghosts turned their heads from side to side or bowed halfway to the ground in acknowledgment of the applause. "Who are they? Who are they?" everybody wanted to know. "How can they be so tall?" "They must be on stilts." "No, they're not on stilts. They could not walk that well on stilts." These were some of the remarks that people made. Only Miss Flores' room knew the secret. Daniel had told his teacher about the ghosts he had seen in another school in a distant town, so they decided that her pupils.would be ghosts in the parade, and surprise the spectators. When· they took off their costumes after the parade everyone saw what the ghosts were. Each pupil carried a long pole with a crosspiece nailed near the top. On top of the pole was a ball made of rags. This looked like the ghost's head. The crosspiece was padded. The pieces were the arms. A sheet was thrown over and tied under the ball, making a very good looking ghost. The feet were the feet of the boys and girls who carried the poles .. The children could turn and lower the poles' to make the ghosts look from side to side and bow. Everybody said that Miss· Flores' ghosts were the best part of the grand parade. "Now," said Nita after the parade was over., "I know just what a ghost is. It's just a sheet with somebody you know inside." QUESTIONS I Did you like this story? Why? 2. When is Halloween? 3. Did you ever have a Halloween parade at your school? (Why not ask your teacher to have one this year?) 4. What is the name of the teacher in this story? 5. Who is Daniel? 6. What do you think w~s Daniel's plan?· 7. How were some of the children dressed in this Halloween parade? 8. Can you , tell how to make the costumes for the "ghosts"? 9. How did the "ghosts" act in the parade? 10. What did people say about the "ghosts" in this parade? October, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 373 READING TIME FOR YOUNG FOLKS THE HALLOWEEN PARTY By ANGEL V. CAMPOY• IT WAS RECESS time and Mr. Oracion was very much surprised to find none of his boys at play. He had told them to have free play at recess because he had some work to finish, but when he came out of the building he saw none of them. He was surprised·. It was unusual for them to be quiet at recess, so he went to find out what they were doing. He found the boys sitting on benches under some acacia trees making masks out of pieces of cardboard. '~What's the matter, boys? Why didn't you play?" he asked. "We're making masks, sir. You know tomorrow night is Halloween,n one of the boys replied. "So it is,11 Mr. Leon asked. "I'll paint the face of the ~evil on mine. See these horns!" Pedro answered. "Mine is a witch's face," Jose interrupted. "I'll scare somebody with it." "What shall we do tomorrow· night?" Lucas asked. "Last year," Jose told the boys," I frightened a little girl with my mask. She ran so fast she stumbled and fell into a ditch. Let's fr i g ht en some g i r 1 s tomorrow night. It's great fun!" "Last ye a r I stole oranges from Mr. Valencia's orange trees,n Marcos interrupted. "There is lots of ripe fruit on his santol trees now. Let's steal some tomorrow night." Oracion said. "I almost forgot that tomorrow night is Halloween. Well, make your masks, Planning for the Party "Last year some of us had lots of fun going to folks' houses, . knocking boys, but take care that.you don't scatter pieces of cardboard on the lawn." Then Mr. Oracion went back into the building. "Here is mine all done but coloring," Martin said as he held up his mask. "How will you paint yours, Pedro?" *Formerly Head Teacher, Maslog School, Sibulan, Oriental N egros. Primary on doors and windows, and then running. We took carabao carts away, and did all the mischief we could." "I think I know something better than any of that, boys," said Antonio. "You remember that Mrs. Canlas told us in our character education lesson that it is wrong to steal even whe~ you do it in fun. I can't see much fun in frightening little girls and doing all the mischief pos374 THE YOUNG CITIZEN October, 1940 sible. If you will all promise to go with me, I'll tell you a much better plan." . "Let's hear it," all the boys shouted. "All right. This is my plan. You know Carlos can't go with us on account of that broken leg from his bicycle accident. So let's give him a surprise party-a Halloween party." "That's fine," Luis said. "Let's arrange the details right now." "Here's what We'll do," Antonio continued. "You know Halloween this year comes on Saturday night, so we'll each have some spend.ing money. Suppose that each of us buys a Halloween present for Carlos. Then we'll give it to him tomorrow night ·at· his Halloween surprise . party." "What shall we buy?" asked one of the boys. 1 "Anything you like," answered Antonio." "Candies, apples, mangoes, toys, books, cakes. We'll put them all in that big basket I made and tomorrow night we'll all wear our masks. Pedro will be dressed like a witch, so he will give the basket. of presents to Carlos." "That's fine," the boys agreed. "Where shall we . meet tomorrow night?" someone asked. "We can all meet at my house," said Antonio. "I'll have mother prepare some sandwiches and other things, so we'll take our refreshments with us. Mother will think up a lot of games for us to play, too. She's good at that." "There are some excellent games outlined in the August number of THE YOUNG CITIZEN. And say! There was a wonderful's ring trick in THE YOUNG CITIZEN. I've practiced it until I can do it a hundred per cent every time." "Okay," the boys all answered. The next evening they all gathered at Antonio's home. His mother had a lot of -refreshments prepared, ·and a list of games for them to play. Armed with the big basket of presents for Carlos, the basket of refreshments, ·and the list of games, the boys all started for the home of Carlos_. Each boy wore a mask and some fantastic clothing. Of course there was a witch-he carried the basket of presents--and there was a devil, and a cowboy, and a "beautiful" seii'orita, and other characters. Carlos was on the porch of his home when he saw the boys coming. He couldn't tell who they were on account of the masks. Carlos thought the boys were just going by his house. How he wished he could go with them! When they arrived at his house, they all' started up the stairs. There was a "witch" in front, carrying a big basket. "Happy Halloween, Carlos! Happy Halloween!" the boys shouted as they · came up. The "witch" went right to Carlos, and handed him the big basketful of ·presents. "Here's a letter, Carlos," said the "old witch." Carlos took it and read: To Carlos we give, With great delig'lzt, A Halloween basket This Halloween night. Presently they all sat down to eat their refreshments. "This is certainly lots better than . frightening little girls," said Jose. "Let's do this every year," said Antonio. "Agreed," shouted all the boys. So the Halloween party was a great success, and I think that there will be such a party every Halloween night, at least with that group of boys. October, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 375 THE STORY OF MOWGLI A Jungle Story from India "Listen," said Mow9li, rai'sing his hand. One of the most famous- of modern authors is the English writer, Rudyard Kipling, whose picture is shown on page 376. The following story is adapted from Kiplin/s "Jungle Book.''-THE EDITOR. SUPPOSE that you were a tiny little East Indian boy whose home was on the edge of a great jungle. Suppose that you were sitting one night before a camp-fire with your mother and father, and that suddenly, out of the dark, came a tiger, black and tawny and very fierce. Would you have been frighten_ed? Mowgli wasn't. The Great Tiger was hungry, and when he saw human flesh he jumped. The baby's mother and father got away. Left to himself, and just old enough to walk, Mowgli crawled away through the long grass. 'Father Wolf was stretching himself after a nap when he heard a rustling in the grass outside his. cave. "Look!" he called to Mother Wolf, "A inan's cub!" "The man's cub is mine," said Mother Wolf. "He shall live to run with the Wolf Pack and to hunt with us. And he . shall hunt the Great Tiger." "The man's cub must be shown to the Animal Pack," said Father Wolf, when the brown baby had settled down to a rough and tumble play with the wolf cubs. "_Will you keep him?" "Keep him!" gasped Mother Wolf. "He came naked, by night, alone and very hungry. Yet he was not afraid! Certainly I will keep him. The time will come when he shall hunt Great Tiger." So Mother Wolf kept the brown baby and named him Mowgli, which means F1·og. So Mowgli grew until he was no longer a baby, but a boy, runriin·g about, strong and healthy. On the night of \he Animal Pack THE YOUNG CITIZEN October, 19#0 meeting, when the three young wolf cubs were old enough to go, Father and Mo.ther Wolf took their children to the Council Rock. And they took Mowgli, too. The Councii Rock was a bare hill-top where the animals met, and where the cubs must be shown to the Animal Pack before they could be accepted by the animals. And so, when Father and Mother Wolf took their three cubs and Mowgli to the meeting of the Pack, Mowgli was thrust forth into the center of the circle. "You know the law of our pack," said Lone Wolf, their leader. 1 A roar came from behind the rocks. It was the voice of Great Tiger demanding th e b o d y of Mowgli. Fearful of Great Tiger, one of the young wolves spoke up, asking why this man-cub was taken into tlie tribe. As he grew up, Mowgli learned to hunt and to protect himself, and to climb trees like a monkey. He could· swim as well as he could run, and he could climb as well as he could swim. So he grew strong and brown and wis.e. "Little Brother," said Black ·Panther one day when Mowgli was twelve years old, "how often must I tell you that Great Tiger is your enemy!" But Mo"(gli only laughed, fearing nothing.' "Lone Wolf is growing old," continued Black Panther. "Soon he will no longer be the leader. Go down to the men's huts in the village and get some Red Fire. Then you will be the master." Now all animals live in deadly fear of Red Fire. Only IIJan can tame and use fire. Now there was a law among the animals that says, .when there is a dispute concerning the ac, ceptance of a cub, two Rudyard Kipling, famous author, who wrote the Jungie Book. J:hat same night Mowgli went down into the village. Pressing his face close against a window, he watched the boy who lived there put some of the burning coals from the fire into a basket lined with clay. Mowgli walked members of the Pack who are not its mother or father must speak for it. Up rose Brown Bear, teacher of the wolf cubs, and he spoke for Mowgli. Then came the Black Panther. He said that the law allowed a price to. be paid for any cub that is objected to. In payment for the man-cub Black Panther gave a bull, newly killed. So Mowgli was taken into the Pack. Mother Wolf fed him as she fed her own cubs. Sle~py Brown Bear taught him the law of the jungle. Black Panther was his friend. in, took the basket of fire from him, and disappeared into the dark. When the Animal Pack met at the Council Rock, Lone Wolf, who had been the leader for tw.elve years, was very still, for he knew he was too old to be a leader any longer. Mowgli sat up quite straight with the pot that held the Red Fire clasped between his knees. Black Panther was at his side. "Give his body to me," snarled Great Tiger, when he saw Mowgli. (Please turn to page 394.) October, 1940 THE YOUNG CITE.ZEN 377 THE CLEVER GOSLIN d Hal/ow<1n Play/et in One lt<t Tile Goblin,s are showing the ilad WitCll a nnu trick. CHARACTERS AND COSTUMES FIVE CH ILllREN llAD WITCH THREE GOOll WITCH ES FIVE GOllLINS CLEVER GOBLIN CAT CHILD The Five Children and the Child wear their usual clothes. The Witches •D<i Goblins wear conventional Halloween costumes. The Bad Witch wears a cape and a tall hat. The Cat wears a suit of black cleth. . THE SETTING The properties needed are a broom; a kettle and a spoon; something to set ihe kettle on; something to suggest fire under the kettle (if possible, an electric lii;ht bulb and red paper); and a pumpkin or a large squash. The scene is laid in a forest, early in the evening of Halloween. .In the backg.round is the home of the Bad Witch. In front of the hou&& is a fire, over which a kettle has been placed. THE PLAY (Ar ihe r.urti1in is drawn back, the .<lt1t/e ir r/w'll.·11 de.rerted. Then the Five c1;i/Jre11 tiptoe in, looking about them fet1rfully.) FIRST CHILll: Here it is! This is her· house! SECOND CHILIJ: Are you sure? FIRST CHILll: Of course! THIRD CHILD: Do you suppose she's at home? FOURTH CHILD: Knock on the door and see. THIRD CHILD: Oh, no, not I. She's a bad old witch! FIRST CHILD: She's the only bad witch left in· all the world. FIFTH CHILD: I wonder what's in .that kettle. (Goer. over lo the kettle and ir 378 TH;"OUNG ·~ITIZEN October, 1940 about to dip in a finger to taste.) suade you, good-by. THIRD CHILD: . Oh, don't tou hit! BAD WITCH (impatiently): Goodby, FIFTH CHILD: I want just a ittle taste! sisters, good-by.· (The good witches go (Puts out !tand again.) 1 • out.) Little do they know where my evil (The Bad Witch, /roJ'i inside. the power is stored. But I'll never tell .them. house, gives a. horrid lauph. The chi/- Not II It is woven into mY hat. My predren clutch one another/in fear.) .cious hat! If I were to .lose 'my hat, THIRD CH.ILD: Oh, \l!t's get away from my povrer would . vanish. But I do ~is awful place I / not fear. I never take this hat off my ALL: Yes, let's./ (They hurry oft the head. Why, I even sleep in it; (Stirs stage.) ·· broth, and tastes.) I need more hot_pep-_ (The Bad'Witch comes out. of her per. (Goes into the house.) house, followed by her black cat. She CAT (lying by the fire, pretending to stands watching the retrea"ting children, be asleep) : Oh, ho, so that's it! She chuckling. Then she turns to her kettle.) thought. I was fast asleep, but I heard BAD WITCH (picking up the spoon).: every word. Her power isin her hat. . Now to finish my broth. (She stirs and BAD WITCH (She has returned with chants.) ' the hol pepper, which she stirs into the Tonight, tonight is Halloween; broth.· The Cat pretends to be asleep.) Strange the sights that will be seen! . Mumble and toil, mumble and toil, Within this broth I place a charm Stir, stir, bubble and boil. To wreak much havoc and cause alarm. (Enter Five Goc•lins and Clewr And that is why I mumble and toil, Goblin.)· Stir, stir, bubble, and boil. (Pauses i~ GOBLINS: Good evening, Bad Witch. listen.) BAD WITCH : Ha I Ha! And how are Hark!. Hark! Who comes this way? all the good little goblins? (The Three Good Witches come in.) CLEVER GOBLIN (politely): Very well, FIRST WITCH : .. Come, ·sister. · Leave thank you . . that kettle of evil charms. We are gqing · BAD WITCH: And why .do you honor to have some Halloween fun. Come with me with a visit? · · US, CLEVER GOBLIN: We wondered whethBAD WITCH: ·What do I want with er you have an extra broom that we might . fun? The more harm I can do, the bet- borrow. ter. BAD WITCH (chucliling): I have just SECOND WITCH: If you would only the thing for you, just the thing. I'll go come with . us goad witches just once, and gci it. (Goes into the house.) you'd never want to be bad again. Won't CI.EVER GOBLIN: ·search everywhere. you try it? · See if you can find.where the Bad Witch's ALL: Yes, do try it!' evil power is hidden. BAD WITCH: Ha! Ha! I'm the only FIRST GOBLIN (after searching a little bad witch left in the world. I want to while): I can't find a thing. Where else be bad. Le~ve me, sisters. I must fin'ish shall we look? my broth. SECONU GOBLIN: Maybe•she keeps' it ' TlllRD WITCH: Then, if we can't per- (Please turn to page 396.) Octr,brr, 19./.0 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 379 MY FAITHFUL DOG Hy CASl~HRO BAUTISTA• O!'ir: AFTFR~U01' my father called me an<l asked me to go with him out to sea to fish. I was very glad to go with him, and willingly agreed. l\ly dog began to wag his tail and act very friendly. He wanted to go with us. But still he looked quite thoughtful, and when we were about tn start on our fishing trip he seemed unwilling for me to go. He showed his unwillingness by biting my.trousers and trying to pull me back to our house. But my father, heedle» of the dog's warning, started toward the boat. I followed him. '.\1y dog went with me and g:ot into the boat with us. Father made nr1 1) b j er ti 11 n. This is a piclurt' of Ill)" dog. was a deafening crash of thunder and the lightning flashed. Great waves rocked our little fishing boat as if.it were a cork upon the water. However, I was not frightened, because I had been out on the sea before in storms. and had always reached land in safety. Just then an unusually large wave struck our boat amidships and c:\used it to capsize. Father and I each began to swim and to battle the waves. Ht helprd mt whtn I wa.f While strug· gling desperately 'to save my life, I saw something near me. I recognized my ·dog. How glad I was to have him near me! \Y h c 11 w, c 1T;h lwd the 1i!'hi11.~ ~round. \H' prrparcd 11ur nl't .111d lw~;111 ~·;1st in.:.I; 1t. .\r onn: we l·au:..:,ht m;111~ ti she;, After a while my strength began to fai I-the big waves were too much for me. I felt that I could go no further. As I was about i11 d1mqer r,f drfJ1i•riing. to give up, I felt mv dog tugging and pulling at my clothing. This helped me, and usi~~ all the strength that remained, I finally reached the shore, thanks to the help of my faith ful dog. Prc~ently 1 began to n.1tilT that the sky was. h'Tadually becoming darker an<l darker-. The wind bn·amc s.tronger. T1icrc \Y<lS. every appearanL-c of an apliroad1i11~ !'f11r111. Evidently the do}{ had ~l'11~cJ till' .1ppro;1d1ing storm; that was why hl' did not want. me to go. Soon it bc.~an t1l blow very hard, in-. dc•d. The rain id! in torrents. There ""' Puril. :\J .ilahon Ekmt'ntar.1· Sl·lwol, :\lalabon, Ri:r:d. l. pon reaching the shore, I fell upon the beach completely exhausted. Then I lost consciousness. When I regained my senses I found father -and the doctor >randing over me. But in a few days I was as well as ever. (Please turn to pagt' 397.) 380 THE YOU:\'G CITIZEN DREAMS THE YOC~G CJTJ/;J-,,, DREAMS CLIP-CLAP 'ROUND l ~ ·' I I tt' J? 11 F I by .,,;eJil ~.,,d by . aay i 1'. >1>,. g they eay. THE YOUNG CITIZE\ MUSIC APPRECIATION SECTION GREAT COMPOSERS OF MUSIC Hy BERT PALL OSHtl' ' VIII. CHOPIN, THE POET OF THE l'L\:'\O FREDERIC CHOPIN (pronounced J h O'I& pn n with a nasal sound of n) was another ' 1w o n d e rchild" of music. Born near WarsaY1, Po·land, in 1810. the early years d t!!iis Fred"erir Chopin frail boy \vere tinged with the melancholy and patriotism of. hi.s native Poland which was in vain trying to throw off the Russian yoke and regain , its freedom. His father, who had come to Poland in 1787 from eastern France, was a schoolteacher; his mother was of a good Polish family. Frederic received a fair education under private teachers. He began studying the piano at a very· early age. At the age of nine he appeared publidv in concerts and was pronounced .a genius; at twelve he was cornposin)( pieces. When he was " fifteen his fint musit'al l''>mposition was published. A Polish nobleman helped him in hi' education; his refined and grat.:ious manners made him wekome in the homes of • Form<'rly Head of~ the :\lu~i1..- D:·parttnt•nt. Shertrid;.{t Hig:h School, lndi:tnapoli-;. Indiana. L'. S. A . . the Polish nobilit'" \\'here he heard the stately court-danc~ 111 Poland called the polonaise. Many of his boyhood days were spent in the countrv, where he learned to lo"e the songs and dances of the Polish peasants, especially the gay 11rnzurk11. When Chopin was nineteen years old, a revolution broke out in Poland, and his parents seni him to Germany to study. Two years later he took up his resirlence . in Paris, where he lived the remaining eigbteen years of his life. No. people in Europe have had a more moving hisiory than have the Poles. as the native.· of Poland arc called. Thn are a ·proud people who have 'uttered the crue! fortunes nf war for man\' rears. espccial,ly in the recent \\'.,rid \\;.,;. :\o. II. They have al\\·a,·s been patri11tir. The spirit nf Poland burned in .Chopin. He knew the tr;tditions of hi:> p~·fi ple. Though he liYcd much of hi!' short life in Paris, he never forgot his native Pnland. His most mas1erl\' musil· i~ th: lt which is tired by his 1'11li;h patriotism. Chopin was a man of .!.{-!"Cat cul . . turc, anti· his music expresses the inherent fineness of his nature. He was a tnne-poet. During almost c\actly the same years as l\1endel»ohn li\'Cd (see tht . .\u~ust. 19{0, i;>ut of TH F. Ym·'" CITIZF'-;), thi' l'ol. ish pianist and ..:ompr)-s.er l·ontributt:d to mu~ical art an influence th-at has been n:ry powerful and pcrsist~nt. Hi:' <.:hnii..T of Paris as a rc~idcnc.:e intrndul.."td him t11 a srn . .:icty c~pcci<llly scn:'iti,·<.· to hi:-: ;1rti~tic nature. Hi~ nationOctobtr, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN ality, his high-bred, aristocratic ways, and tho charm of his art speedily brought · -him into public notice. The most noticeable of his perscmal characteristics were his sentimental sensitiveness and his in• stinctive refinement. Chopin early attained foremost rank as a concert virtuoso on the piano. He developed a certain style in playing: his playing was .. noticeable for its delicacy and beauty of tone. Through him the piano became a source of exquisite tone color. During. his short life (1810 to 1849) he made a unique contribution to the literature of the piano. His distinctive style of. writing made the most of the artistic possibility of that instrument. · As a composer, Chopin had great ability in thinking of beautiful melodies, in developing the possibil. ities of the piano, and in P,iving decoration and color to his music. musicians from the fact that most of hi~· ~ompositions belong to a single field, that is, they are all written for the piano; he did not write operas or music for ·the orchestra. His genius was romantic, and, · .bis intense ·poetic keling was ennobled 'by his undying patriotism. His latter years were clouded with ill· ness and much unhappiness. He died from tuberculosis in Paris in 1849, ancf was given a stately funeral in that city. Chopin represented Poland ·in musi"<. in three distinct forms of musical composition: the polonaise, the. mazurka, and the ballade. Each is a vivid record of . Polish nationalism. His works, although almn;t wholly confined to compositions for the piaT•e " little dCJg waltr." was su99~sted lo Chopi,, by the antics of a /itlle dog at pla,.·. The polonai~e, as pre~ viously stated in this arti·· cle, is the music for a stately Polish dance or march, just as the. rigodon is a rather stately Spanish dance introduced into the Philippines during the Spanish rule. Chopin wrote fourteen or fifteen polonaises. They are not intended especially to be used for dancing, but are no, have _ become standard everywhere in both public and private use. He was a lyric artist, usually choosing forms for his compositions that are song-like. Chopin is called "the poet of the piano." He was truly a poet in music. His compositions are of a delicate, intimate character, more _suited to the salon-ml a in the Philippinq-than in the concert hall. They have all the refined elegance of a true Parisian, but the Polish nationality is always present. Chopin is notable among the greater in concert form. One of the most famous of these is hi' Military Polonaise in A major (No. I, opus 40). This music recalls the march of Polish 11oblemen in the ceremonies of the government. You should ask soine person who is a capable pianist to play this for you. Or you can buy a phonograph record of this music if you wish. The maz11rkn, as also previously stated, is a gay Polish dance. it is in moderate triple time anci is somewhat like tht (Pleou turn 'to 1a9t 397.) THE YOUNG CITIZEN Ortobtr, 1940 ELEMENTARY SCIENCE SECTION THE INVISIBLE . OCEAN IN WHICH WE LIVE MAN can live three weeks without food, three days without water, but only three minutes without air, says an old proverb. Though these figur-es may not be exactly correct, they help us to understand how important is air to all life. Air is the commonest and most valuable thing in the world. It takes part in every activity, large or small, on the surface of the earth. We live at the llottom of an ocean of gas which is the .air covering the earth. Without air neither plants nor animals can live. The climate of a country depends upon the air and its movements. The. cold winds from the polar regions lower the temperature of a rnuntry and the hot winds from the torrid zone raise it. The winds also bring ~he clouds o( water vapor over the land where it falls as rain. Without this moisture the plants from which we get food could not grow. What is this marvellous substance, this ai'r? Chemists tell us that it is a mixture .of gases, principally three gases: oxygen, nitiogen, and argon. There is about 21 per cent of oxygen, abou'! 78 per cent of nitrogen, and nearly ont:" per cent of argon. Besides these three gases, air contains small quantities of carbon dioxide and hydrogen, and very small tr~ces of ether gases. When a room is poorly. ventilated, we say the air is "impure." l .his means that the air c'ontains largcf.· amounts of c:ubon dioxide than at other times. Oxygen is. the life-giving gas in the air. The nitrogen serves to keep the oxygen from getting too strong. ·If the air were pure oxygen, every living thing would burn out too fast. · The carpon dioxide in the ·air is produced by the action of the oxygen on. the carbon, which is an important part of everything alive. Every breath we draw forms carbon dioxide; every fire producc:.s it. That is why air in : cities whet·e people arc crowded together is less pure and healthful than air outside of the cities. If it were not for plants, after a while the air would not be fit to breathe. Plants take carbon dio'1ide from tire air. take out the carbon for the. use of plants, and turn the oxygen ba<:k into the air. Ho"'' High I.< Thae Air Abow the Enrth? Probably air stops 40 or 50 miles above the earth. But at very high levels the air does not l.:Ontain enough oxygen to support human life. Men who rise to great heights in airplanes have to take tanks of oxygen for breathing. Another important thing about air is that it is rnmpressible; that is, it can be pressed together or condensed. Air is also elastic, that is1 it can be expanded or made larger. Thus, by means of a pump we blow up the tires of o~r automobiles and our bicycles. The air is compressed (/>ln1st turn tu p(19t 393.) October, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN HISTORY SECTION VESUVIUS AND THE BURIED Cl'.l'IES Vuuvius, the World's Most Famous Volcano ACROSS the beautiful bay of Naples, less than ten miles from the city in Italy of that name, stands the volcano of Vesuvius, the most famous volcano in the world. Mount Vesuvius is about 30 miles in circumference at the base. Th~ height varies several hundred feet from time to time, according to the effects of successive eruptions, but it averages 4,000 feet above sea level. The top of the mountain is cut off and is about 2,000 feet across. A cloud of dust and steam eternally wreathes its summit, for Vesuvius never slumbers. In the photograph on this page showing Vesuvius iri eruption, the dark clouds are not smoke, but are com· posed of steam and other gases mingled with dust and ashes thrown out of the volcano's mouth. The region about the volcano has been densely populated for more than 20 centuries. The inhabitants at its foot cast many an anxious glance at its menacing bulk whenever the cloud seems blacker and denser than usual, for Vesuvius has taken· a heavy toll of iife and. property through· the centuries since daring man first settled in its shadow. No man knows when other villages will share the fate that overwhelmed the buried cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum more than 1,800 years ago. Many volcanoes supposed to be extinct have proved to be only dormant, that is, inactive. Such was the case of Mount Vesuvius. On the side of the mountain forests grew as far up as the crater and it was apparently extinct until the great eruption in 79 A. D. which destroyed Pompeii and Herculaneu"1. That was the first eruption of Vesuvius in historic times. Herculaneum was buried under masses of ashes and lava, and its actual site was not discovered until 1720, when ~he sinking of a well brought the workers 'lo the remains of many of its buildings. Pompeii was more fortunate than Herculaneum, because it stood farther away from the burning mountain, and was covered not so much with the destroying lava as with ashes. The city was, however, completely hidden from sight for 386 THE YOUNG CITIZEN October, 1940 more than sixteen centuries. During the next 1,500 years, after the great eruption of A. D. 79, there were other eruptions, but none so violent. But in 1681 there was another violent eruption which destroyed 18,000 lives. _Since that time Vesuvius has never been entirely quiet, and in the last century the eruptions have increased in frequency. One of the most destructive of recent eruptions took place in 1906. Masses of red-hot rocks and. ashes shot up to the height of a mile or more. Great boulders could be seen rising and falling in the mighty jet of s t e a m and fire. Heavy explosions ·, tore open the whole mountainside, and streams of lava bathed the volcano from base to summit in a bright red glow. Along the side of the vertical column of fire thousands of tons of cinders and " cities we may get an idea of their former beauty and the life of the people of those times. The excavations of Pompeii give a complete picture of the arrangement of the larger Roman private houses. A typical villa was divided into a front parJ, where strangers calling on business were received, and the private apartments of the family found at the back ci f the building. The public part consisted of an open colonnaded court with small rooms leading out of it, and the private rooms were grouped around a slightly larger court. The exterior of these buildings followed the Oriental example of being plain and uninteresting, but inside there was much luxurious decor ation. small stones shot out ov-er the villages below. For a week the black cloud kept Street in Ancient Pompeii In the rooms were elaborate paintings on the walls (mural paintings). Due to the preservative action of the volcanic ashes, many of the roJling down the valley so that the darknyss was unbroken. Once more Vesuvius had taken its harvest of lives. In recent years excavations have been made so that the ancient cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum have been uncovered. Whole streets can now be seen with shops and dwellings just as they stood centuries ago. By visiting the ruins of these ancient mural paintings in the villas of the buried cities are in a reremarkably fresh condit.ion even today, although they were buried for 1800 years. In the illustration on this page is shown a picture of a street in Pompeii. One can easily visualize the ciassic beauty of this city in ancient days before it was destroyed by Vesuvius, the most terrible volcano of all times. October, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN. THE FIRST PHILIPPINE ASSEMBLY By CESA!l.IO R. LLOBRERA • II' here the National Assembly Now Meets in Manila A MEMORABLE DATE in the history of the Philippines is October 16, 1907. On the sixteenth of this month, all the schools cekbrated the thirty-third anniversary of the inauguration of the first Philippine Assembly. What events led to the establishment of the Philippine Assembly? During the pre-Spanish time, the Philippines was composed of many barangays. Each of these barangays was under the rule of a headman or dato. Each chief made laws for the people of his barangay. Sometimes a group of old men in the viUage helped the dato in making the laws. But the laws in one barangay were obeyed only by the inhabitants there. The people did not follow the· laws made by the dato of another barangay. During the Spanish regime, the laws that the Filipinos observed were made in the Cortes, the Spanish law-making body. The Filipinos fought hard in order to be represented in that body-so that they could take part in passing laws •Teacher, Lakan-Dula 'Elementary School1 Manila. that would affect the Philippines. The Filipinos, however, were represented only in the years 1810-1813, 1820-1823, and 1834-1837. We were allowed lo send representatives to the Spanish Cortes; but because of the long distance of our Islands from Europe, our deputies were oftentimes unable to attend the· sessio.ns. Spaniards had to be substituted for Filipino delegates. One Filipino representative who did much in the Cortes was Ventura de los Reyes, a Manila merchant. He worked hard for the abolition of the galleon trade. When the Americans came to our shores the laws and orders were issued by th~ military governor. When peace was well established, the military government gave way to the civil government. The first body during the American administration to enjoy legislative powers was the Second Philippine Commission which was at first composed of Americans and later, of both Filipinos and Americans. They were all appointed. From 1901 to 1907, the Philippine Commission was the only law-making body in the Islands. Then the Congress of the United States passed an act on J uly,l, 1902 which was known as the Philippine Bill. The act provided for the establishment of the Philippine Assembly two years after the publication of the census. The election of the members of the Assembly was held on July 30, 1907. About 100,000 people voted. There were 80 assemblymen elected from the 80 districts in the Philippines. ·The Philippine Assembly served as the lower house. The Philippine Commission functioned as (Pitas< turn to pa9e 399.) 388 THE YOUNG ClTIZEN October, 1940 HEALTH AND SAFETY SECTION HOW TO STOP A CASE OF HICCUPS ONE of the earliest annoyances of man is hiccups. Infants are subject to hiccups· befor,e they are born, but this style of hiccups is of little concern to anybody. Hiccups becomes personally annoying after birth. Hiccups (spell it hiccough if you wish, but pronounce it hiccup just the same) is defined by· the doctor as "a spasmodic inspiration with closure of the glottis." It is easier just to think of hiccups as practically the opposite of the act of coughing. The muscle in charge is the diaphragm, which is the large muscle below the heart and lungs, and above the ~bdominal organs. When the diaphragm contracts . spasmodically-that is, in a jerky way-air is taken into the body through a constricted (tightened, cramped, or squeezed) opening, and you have hiccups and make the usual sound characteristic of that annoyance. As far as doctors have been able to discover, hiccups is completely useless. Sometimes it lasts a week or longer and causes serious exhaustion. The ordinary hiccups, however, which most of us have occasionally, is usually caused by some slight irritation of the abdominal organs. The diaphragm may be irritated. by hot food ·or drink. A stomach distended by food or gas may press against the diaphragm and cause it to kick back with hiccups. Alcoholic drinks are irritating, and often cause hiccups. There are a number of simple ways of controlling or stopping a case of hiccups. (Pleau turn to page 397.) SAFETY FIRST By MRS. PAZ]. EUGENIO* COMPLETE each of the following numbered sentences by choosing the best of the.three given reasons. I. We practice fire drills at school---. (a) to train pupils in marching (b) so that pupils will know how to act during a fire ( c) to train pupils in going in and out of the rooms 2. Movie theaters arn provided with exits---. (a) for decorative purposes 0 (b) providing fresh air to theater patrons · ( c) so that people can pass out promptly in case of fire 3. Automobiles have horns in order--. (a) . to frighten people (b) to make a noise in the street ( c) to warn people of their approach 4. Dogs should wear muzzles---. (a) so that they will not bite passers-by (b) so that they will not be caught by the police ( c) so that owners can identify them 5. A person should not take a lighted candle inside of a mosquito net because---. (a) it might set fire to the house (b) it might make the air too warm ( c) it might waken the children who are sleeping *Teacher, Cecilio Apostol Elementary School, Manila. October, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN' WORK AND PLAY SECTION MAKING A TERRARIUM WOULD YOU like to have a terrarium? It is built in an ai.r-tight co)ltainer, and Of course you would, if you saw one so depends upon the condensation of moisthat you could realize how attractive it ture for its development. Any· type of is. · container will do, just so it is of clear, But, you arc asking, what is a terra- uncolored glass and has .a glass cover. rium? Well, terrarium is the proper, Candy jars, fish aquariums, or. even ~ dignified word for glass garden-even a large glass dish will serve. miniature glass garden. You might call A terrarium must have a glass cover it a plant box, or anything else, but it is so that moisture will accumulate propera tiny garden just the same. And you ly. A.piece of window glass will do. A can ha. v e it shop·_. keeper ;~~~~~~~:: r~ - :71~5~~115 r:a:~ your ,<chool, the right or where ever (.' shape and size you want it. r for you. There is '.! In making hardly any your g lass expense in garden, you making one, must first visand certainly u a 1 i z e the no trouble. m i n i a tu r e It may be picture you of any size- ~· wa nt. Then from a tiny k duplicate it as gold-fish bowl best you can · to a · 1 a r g e ,. w i th yo u-r aquarium. It ' moss, plants, may be used Visualize the miniature picture you want; then-duplicate and .rorks. on a desk at it with mou, plants, and rocks. Make l t your home or on the library table, or as spotlessly clean inside. Then sprinkle a an attractive centerpiece on the dining thin layer of powdered charcoal on the room table. Or it may be on your teach- bottom to insure sweetness. Next put in er's desk at school, or in one of the school a few pebbles. Then comes the soil. room windows. If you care to do so, you may line the It is simply a miniature garden, or a sides of your terrarium with flat moss, beautiful tiny woodland glen, with such which can be gathered in the woods. Or things as mossy rocks, little ferns, and you may use a layer of dry sand between wee, briHiant flowers· growing in a glass the pebbles and charcoal and the top soil. container. (Please turn 1o· pa9e 393.) 0 THE YOUNG CITIZEN October, 1940 A CROSS-WORD PUZZLE IN GEOGRAPHY By BENJAMIN L. PAGULAYAN • ACROSS I. An important Visayan city. 4. A market town in Pangasinan. 6. A Philippine export. 8. The "pearl of the Orient." 9. A forest product of Mindanao. 11. The birthplace of our. president. 14. A town in Cebu. 17. A mineral found at Paracale. 18. Where Moros live. 19. A volcano in Batangas. •Teacher, Peiiablanca, Cagayan. DOWN. 2. The birthplace of Jose Rizal. 3. A mountain in Mountain Province. 4. The capital of Caniarines Sur. 5. ·A town famous for duck eggs. 7. A mountain in Pampanga. 10. A river tha.t flows through Manila. 12. A town in Batangas. 14. A city of the southern Philippines. 15. A Cavite town. 16. One of the corn provinces. {Answers on page 396.) DRAWING A PIG By PETRONILO A. BUAN QQ 2. 3 4 October, 1940 EVERYBODY likes candy. Of c~urse, one can buy excellent candy, but one can learn to make delicious candy at home and it is much cheal'er. Besides, the amateur candy-maker can build up a good income by making candy and selling it at schools and colleges, on buses or tr a in s, i n th e market, or even in one's own little tienda. Here in the Philip.pines where sugar and all the other ingredients of candy are plentiful and cheap, a person can make plenty of delicious, wholesome candy at a small cost. So the editor of THE YOUNG CITIZEN is glad to have some candy recipes in this issue of the magazine and several issues to follow. In order to be successful in making candy at home, the candy-maker must have all equipment needed before starting. If possible, use an aluminum kettle for cooking candy. Granite ware is the next best. The following list of utensils will help the home candymaker: one measuring cup, THE YOUNG CITIZEN MAKING CANDIES one large wooden spoon, one aluminum or granite cooking kettle, one cup to test the candy, one large flat pan in which to pour the candy when cooked, and one thermometer. There are. other things which can be added to the list later on, ·such as a sp~tula, · a set of measuring spoons, a' dipping fork, a double boiler for melting chocolate, and a medicine dropper for flavoring extracts. A suitable surface on which to work. candies may be provided by using an aluminum tray such as waiters use. The candy thermometer should always be put in the kettle as soon as the candy is put over the fire, otherwise one is apt to break the glass of the thermometer. Care should be taken in measuring the ingredients to use exactly the amount given in the recipe. Follow the given directions very carefully. FUDGE Fudge is perhaps the 391 easiest candy of all to make. Fudge consists of sugar and half as much liquid as sugar, to which has been added flavoring. It is boiled to the soft ball degre~, allowed to cool a very little, and beaten until it begins to set. With a little experience, a wide variety of candy may be made, based on this foundation. COCONUT FUDGE Cook two pounds of brown sugar and the milk drained from one large coconut. Cook at a temperature of 245 degrees. (Test with your candy thermometer.) Add the shredded coconut meat. Take it off the fire and beat until it is creamy. Flavor with onehalf teaspoonful of vanilla flavoring extract. · · CHOCOLATE FUDGE Melt one-fourth of a pound of chocolate and mix with one can of condensed milk. Add one package of dried coconut (to be purchased at the grocery store). Put in a shallow bu tiered pan, and bake until the mixture is thick. (To be co11tinued) 392 THE YOUNG CITIZEN October, 1940 CHARACTER AND CITIZENSHIP SECTION HUMILITY By ARTHUR M.EE WE SHOULD never be ashamed of humility. In this great world, with all the majesty of Nature 'round about him, the proudest man may well be humble. A man may boast of his knowledge, but it is as a grain of sand on the seashore compared with what he does not know. A man may boast of his possessions, but it is poverty compared with the wealth that belongs to us all. A man may boast of his talents, but he is helpless when Nature comes to him and says, "Thou shalt not do this." The wisest and richest and cleverest of men have need of great humility. It will help us all qur lives to be humble, to be ready to learn, and not to boast overmuch of the powers that came to us from God, not to bear too proudly the precious gifts we were not responsible for. It will help us to sit at the feet of those who can teach us wisdom. It will never help us to pretend to know the things we do not know. It is good to have the strength of a giant, but it is not always good to use it so. It is good to know whatever there is to know, but we need not parade our learning as a jeweler shows his diamonds in a window. It is humility that has given the world its greatest pride. It is the desire to know that has given us all our knowledge. All the glory that is written in books, all the wonder that is painted in pictures, all the immortal music that seems to lift us up to heaven, has come from men who came humbly into the world, went through life in great humility, and were not tqo proud to learn to serve that they might command, to seek that they might find. There was a great Frenchman named Pasteur. He was to cover. his natne with the glory that will shine forever in the history of th'e world. He wrote to his father at the beginning of his great work praying that he might be able to add one little stone to the temple of human knowledge. He prayed to add one little stone, but in the end he set up a mighty temple in which the human heart will worship as .Jong as human mind endures. And, long before Pasteur, there was a great Englishman named Isaac Newton. No man in England knew more than he. A marvellous work he did, astonishing discoveries he made, and all the world is richer because Sir Isaac Newton lived. Yet this great man, one of the greatest of all time, declared that he felt at the end of his life as if he had been picking up a few pebbles on the seashore while the ocean of truth lay unexplored round about him. He had filled the whole world with wonder and set up a kingdom of knowledge, but he felt at the end of it all like a little child picking up pebbles. So Pasteur. begins, so Newton ends, in deep humility, and we do well to be humb.Je, seeing the . wonders that they wrought. We need not be ashamed to keep them company; we need not be too proud to pick up pebbl~s, and so add some little stone to our share of the building up of the glory that awaits us all. Octoher, 1940 MAKING A TERRARIUM (Continued from page 389) A leafy loam makes good soil. This you can find around almost any shrub. Dry out this soil by heating it in your oven for an hour at a temperature of about 250 degrees. This kills certain bacteria that might be present. Screen the soil next and sun it. An inch or two of soil will do for ·your purpose. With the earth placed, add the rocks, being sure to have them of a size in proportion to your garden scheme. Select thrifty pl an ts. They must be dainty. It is not always necessary. that they be rooted, for ~any plant slips thrive well under glass. But artistry and imagination must be used in the planting. Ferns are especially effective. Variegated Wandering Jew is good, and colorful coleus is attractive. Begonias are particularly suitable. Various species of both of these are found in all parts of the Philippines. Your garden should be planted so that it is attractive from ~ll sides, as you will want to turn it around to catch the light from time to time. Experiment with different types of plants, and, although it is more interesting to gather lovely things in the woods, any THE YOUNG CITIZEN garden will afford you many suitable subjects. After the gar den is planted, sprinkle it lightly with water. Remember that too much water is worse than not enough. These glass gardens literally take care of themselves, once they are properly planted. Moisture collecting on the sides of the container seeps into the soil, and it is seldom necessary to water more than once in six weeks or two months. At first your garden· may have a steamy effect. Remove the top cover for a little while and then replace it. After the plants have been under the glass for some time, a few of them may look moldy. This indicates too much moisture, and they should be aired again. If they seem to wither, a bit more dampness may be necessa~. If they mildew or sh!)W a very dejected droop, it is best to remove them. Once the garden is well established, however, it will thrive with tropical luxuriance, and almost without attention, for months at a time. A word of warning:Never leave your terrarium in strong sunlight. It needs air occasionally to keep it fresh, and once in a long time it 393 INVISIBLE OCEAN (Continued from page 384) inside. We can store compressed air in tanks, and use it for many purposes. In the airgun, the bullets are shot by compressed air instead ·of gun powder. In a suctionpump, the air is· compressed. It exhausts the air pressure in the pipe above the water, and the pressure of the air on the water outside the pipe forces it up inside. QUESTIONS I. What ·is the commonest but at the same time the most valuable thing in the world? 2. To what extent is air used in the world's activities? 3. What must all plants and animals have? requires the lightest kind of sprinkling, but not too much water, not too much air, and, not too much sunlight. The terrarium prefers to be let alone most of the tim~. And in .this it has the advantage over other gardens. It thrives best where it is reached by filtered light. If planted artistically, a terrarium will be an endless source o"f delight to everyone who sees it. And it will last for two or three years. 394 STORY OF MOWGLI (Continued from page 376) "Yes, give the man-cub to Great Tiger," said the young wolves, for they hated Mowgli. Restlessly they circled around Mow-' gli, and Great Tiger roared hungrily. "Now is the time," whispered Black Panther, and Mowgli arose, holding the fire-pot in his hands. "Listen;" he said, raising h i s h and. "Listen, you wolves. You have often said that I am a man-cub. I thought myself your brother, and would have . staid with you always. But now that you have turned against me, you cannot say what shall be done. I, the mancub, have here a little Red Fire, which you cowards fear." Mow g 1 i looked about. "Listen," he continued1 again raising his hand. "Lone Wolf shall go and live as he pleases. You shall not kill him, now that he is old, because that is not my will. I will go to the village to my own people. When next I come to the Council Rock, I shall bring Great Tiger's skin on my head." Mowgli strode off to say goodbye to Mother Wolf and his foster brothers, the wolf cubs. The dawn was breaking when Mowgli went down THE YOUNG CITIZEN the hillside, alone, to meet his people in the village. He made signs to show that he was hungry. The priest was called and a great crowd gathered. He was taken home by a kindly woman, who fed and clothed him, and made him sleep in a house. But' the house frightened him, for it seemed like a trap. He was sent out to herd the buffaloes, with the other boys. But it was tiresome business, and he longed to go back to the jungle. One day, as he sat watching the buffalo herd, Gray Brother, one of Mother Wolf's cubs, came to him. "Great Tiger will wait for you by the village gate tonight," said the wolf cub. "But Great Tiger has eaten, and is slow and drowsy from too mu:ch food." · "Then we will catch him;" said Mowgli. "Tomorrow night I shall have the skin of-Great Tiger." With the help of the wolf cub, Mowgli divided the buffaloes into two herds. One herd was driven to tpe foot of the ravine 'where Great Tiger lay sleeping. The other herd went to the head of the ravine. The two herds formed a rough circle, with Great Tiger in the center. Th_en Mowgli stampeded one of the herds and the wolf cub stampeded the October, 1940 other. Down the buffaloes dashed from either end of the ravine. Great Tiger was trapped. The great animals rushed over him, trampled him and crushed him, and when they had passed by, Great Tiger lay dead. After Mowgli had stripped the tiger's body of its skin, he and the wolf cub herd·ed the buffaloes and. drove them back. "Sorcerer, wizard, enchanter! Leave us," cried the village people as Mowgli neared the gates. The boys who herded the buffaloes with him had told all the vi1lagers how the wolf cub had talked with him. So with sticks the village people drove Mowgli back to the jungle. On the great skin of Great Tiger which lay spread on the Council Rock, Mowgli stood and around him the animals circled, begging him to be their leader. "No," said Mowgli, for he was a man-cub and was wise. "I will not lead you. I promi;e you I will stay. in the jungle, but I will hunt alone and_ be free of any tribe." So Mowgli hunted only with the wolves who were his foster' brothers, and lived a long life in the jungle. And that is the story. of Mowgli. Catching Eels Hy JJIOSCORO I'. SIBAYA'i ( 16 n:.\RS OLD) Anol ·T cig!"lt o\:lork one nigh( my hrothcr and I set oH for the ri\'Cr, i1hout 500 mctc..·r~ ·11\\'ay, to l·atd1 <:cl!•. \Yr took with us five hooks,. t~vn /,r,/ro~. several piCl'CS of WO!HI . for rluh~, and a con-tnincr full of l·offc_c to keep us awn kc. \.\'e car-dully baited our hot)k!> with frogs and thr-cw into the water our lines on which were.th,~ bated hooksr. \.\'e waited patiently and quietly, .and did nor talk to each other. If we became sleepy, we drank rnffce. V\Tc sat thus for four or five hours. Then I felt a· strong pull on one. of my lines. \.\'ith the help of my hrothcr I eau(rht a very fine ~cl.' I pull~~1 it up .• .\ blow . '~·ith rny duh dispatchcd it. 't' his eel \vas large and fat--- nc:lrly a meter in length. VVc caught .rithcr eels that· nigl1t. We earric<l the eels home and mack "dried cd"-1i1111p11 .r1'i!Jrtl in lloc·anofrom the <"•Itch. THE YOUNG CITIZEN . CLUB A Tribute to the Y. M. C. A. Boys Club lly IVENClcSLAO RA~IOS ( 12 .YEARS 01.D) I 1.in: in "Manila and am a member of the .Y.l\1.C.A. Boy< Cluh. Every Saturday I go to the city brand1 of the. Y and play, sing, and swim. ,And dt>R.'t I have· a good tirnel Sometimes- I listen to a speaker who tells us to be IFe11cnlnr1 Rn11111s good to our parents .and to other hnys. · 1 nm .rlni.n.~ mY bc:o;t to be guod . I attend the community pro.~ram every Saturday·. evening-. I enjoy that too. I get all of these things frl:e--I do .not have to pa\: one ecntav1~. Jlnrr1111i11r1 sr;fomat to the Boys Club. Earning a Pair of Shoes .l•J5 I!r RO~IULO V. ~IARTIN (7 YEARS ow) I ASKED father to make a shoe shine .box for me. '\vhcn tl.1c box was finished, mother gave me mmicy to btL)' s'hoe polishblack, tan, red, and white. ~r hen evcrythi:;g ·was ready, I asked father to let m~ clean his shoes first for pr,atticc. Then some of the ncighho1:s let me shii1c their shoes. I did the best I "'uld, and rci.:civcd cightce1. 1 t:entavos. }fow happy I was! I continued my shoe shinin!{ business during~thc two months of vaLation. Finallv decided tn count m.y money· and sec ho-r mul'.h I had saved. Do you know how muc[1 ?. V cry murh. Three pesos and sixt)'· two centavos ! l\ly own money! From this money bought me a new pair_ of high top shoes, and I still htjd enough left for my pen· cils, paper, and notebooks. nnd some candy besides. 39b CLEVER GOBLIN (Continued from page 378) in the house. THIRD GOBLIN: Here's her. cat, sound asleep. CAT: I am not. I'm wide awake. FOURTH GOBLIN: Then will you pl-ease help us? CAT: I will tell you where her evil power is stored, ii you will promise to destroy it. Tm tired of belonging; to such a bad old witch. ALL GOBLINS: We promise. CAT: I may be only a sleepy black cat. But the witch's power is stored in her hat. FIFTH GOBLIN: But how can we get it? CLEVER GOBLIN: Come here. I'll tell you. (They whi1per toget!ter.) Now just leave everything to me. FIFTH GOBLIN: Here she comes. BAD WITCH (enters, THE YOUNG CITIZEN c/111ckli119): Here's a tine broom. Just what you want. (A1ide) I have placed a magic charm on this broom, so they will tumble off and hurt themselves. CLEVER GOBI.I:-/: we just want to show you a new trick. BAil WITCll: Nonsense! What do I want with a new trick? Cl.E\"ER GoBI.I:-1: Oh, but this is such ., funny one! Did you ever have a broom carry you bnckwards instead of forwards? . BAD WJTCI-! (intereJted i.n .<pile r,f herJel/): No, I never did. · CLEl"ER GOBLIN: Wouldn't you "like to learn how it's done? BAD WITCH:· Well,· perhaps, if. it won't take too long. CLEVER GOBLIN: Oh, no, ifs very easy. Just sit on the broom. (Witc!t seat1 herJelf.) Now, you must re, CROSS·WORD PUZZLE (Answers frfJl•l pagr 390) peat after me: Eppi, Peppi, Zepp i, Zare! Bark1vard, backward, throu~h the air! BAD WIT<;H ( repeat1) : Epp i, Peppi; Zeppi, Zare! Barkward, back~ a rd, through the air! (Nr,thi11y happ~nJ. Tl;e. 9abli11.1 fool< puzzled, and cr(r1.t'tj arr)uud to inspect the b.-00111.) ,, Cl.El"ER GOBLIN: It's not right yet. (Scratc!ti11g !ti1 head and thi11ki11g) ·Oh, I have it! Your hat is too heavy. Take it off. BAD WITCH: No! No! Go away! CLEVER GOBLIN: Oh, dear! All the other witches learned so quickly. They're all planning to ride backwards tonight. But of course, if you can't learnBAD WITCH (s.tnmping !ter foot) : I cn11 learn. Here, hold my hat. (Hand1 her hat ta Clever Goblin.) Mind you hold it carefully now. Eppi, Peppi, Zeppi, Zare! (Clever Goblin nin1 r,ff t!te 1tage .vit!t t!te Bad. Witch's !tat in ri.vhir.lr he1· evil pM'i·e1· is '1.CfJVell. The Bad Witch ri1111 after him, .d1rie/a'11!J·) Here, come back with my hat! My hat! My hat! Come back with my hat! FIFTI I GOilLIN (looking off t!te stage). He's running (Please turn to page jg9.) October, 194() CHOPIN (Continu'tl j,.Om 1agt 383) polka. The music of the mnzurka it not as ceremonious as· that of the pofotwise. More ·than fi'fty mmzurkt1S, · .1111 . .iii concert form, were wriit~n by this romposer. A btillade, when written as an instrumental tompo· sition, is a sort of narrative -that is, it tells a story by ·means of mµsic. Chopin wrote four of these. One of them, which you must hear either by piano or phonograph when you have an opportunity, is his Bt1lfode in G 111i11or. In this bt1lftide Chopin tells in music ~ heroic legend' of the l\tiddle Ai;es in Poland. The hero of this lei;end is a man named Wallcnrod. The story is told in epic (narra· tive) poetry, and Chopin gives us the same s~ory by means of music. If you learn the ·theme of the poem, the music will be wonderfully clear ·when you hear it. The voice of a l'olish bard (poet} urging the muse of Polish liberty· is heard throughout the h111lt1de. If you hear this music· on a piano or a phonograph, try to idcritify t:1c theme whirh rcprcsc1its the voice of the bard. Another wc11 known com· positinn l:y Chopin is rnllcd the J/ i1111te T1't1llz, but the THE YOUNG CITIZEN French people ca11 this la vt1lse d11 le petit chien, that is, "the walfz of the little dog." An.:ording to a story, this music was suggested to Chopin by the antics of a little dog at play. An artist has sketched an imaginary picture of this scene; this sketch is reproduced on page 383. You will surely want to hear the "little dog waltz." Chopin was a true poet, although he uses the piano instead of words for his medium of expression, and to him is rightfully given the immortal title, "l~oct of the Piano.'' REVlEW I. Spell and pronounce the name of Chopin (pro· nounccd shr;'1.c-pan). 2. Where and 'when was Chopin born? Died when? 3. Tell of Chopin's life. +. Name three different kinds of musical compositions which Chopin wrote. 5. What name has ·been given to Chopin? MY FAITHFUL DOG (C1111Ji1111ed f,.0111 flt1f1e 379) 397 HOW TO STOP Hl~CUPS (Canti11ued from page 388) It is well for everybody to know at least several of these. Co11gh or sneeze. This is the opposite of the hii:cups n1echanism, and will often stop it. Sugar on the tongue_ Put a small amount· of sugar on the tip of a spoon and deposit it as far back on the tongue as you can. Then swallow. The·dry su"gar requires some effort to get down and · the muscles br01.1ght into play quiet the spasm of hiccups. Salt, ·vinegar, ice, and cold u:aler. . These are ef. fective in much the same way as sugar. Pull .;trongly on the long11f. When more effective measures are needed in a persistent l.'.ase of hil:cups, try this, It 1s effective. ·Apply pres.mre to .the bt1c:k of the 11<'ck. This may be effective, because that is where the nerve controlling hiccups ·is located. Na11un (desire to vomit) mused by tickling the.back of the throat, usually gets results in stubborn cases. When none of theoe remI am sure that if it had .edies is effective, and it not been for the help of my has continued for several faithful dog, I would have hours, call a doctor. He may drowned. I rewarded him wash out your stomach and with more· affection than give sedatives (sleep-pro·t•ver and kinder treatment. ducing drugs). THE YOUNG CITIZEN October, 1940 October, 1940 CLEVER GOBLIN (Continued from page 396) as fast as he can. SECOND GOBLIN: He's trying to throw it into the river. THIRD GOBLIN: She's overtaking him. Oh, we'll suffer for this! FOURTH GOBLIN: No, she tripped and fell. Hurrah! ·He's thrown the hat into the river! FIRST GOBLIN: Let's go and meet him. (They run from the stage.) CAT: Meow! Meow! Now I'll never have to scratch anybody again. I'm so glad. I want to be a good black cat. BAD WITCH (entering): Oh, dear! My hat is gone. Now I'll have to be a good witch after all. CAT: Meow! Meow! BAD WITCH : Someone is coming. (Child enters cryin9.) What's the matter? CHILD: This is Halloween, and I haven't any lantern to carry, or costume to wear. BAD WITCH: Let me see' Here's an extra lantern, and here's a witch's dress to wear. CHILD: Oh, thank you. (Goes out with the lantern and the costume.) BAD WITCH: Well, well, that was nice. Maybe it will be fun being a good witch, after all. CAT: Meow! Meow! THE YOUNG CITIZEN FIRST ASSEMBLY (Continued from page 387) the upper house. Together, they formed the Philippine Legislature. Let us now tell the story of the. inauguration of the first Philippine Assembly. This sign.ificant event took place at the Manila Grand Opera House on Wednesday, October 16, 1907 at nine o'clock in the morning. The first persons to take their seats in the Grand Opera House were the provincial governors; t·h e y were followed by the assemblymen. Many high officials were also present including Secretary of War Taft, a former governorBAD WITCH : Now I must empty this kettle of broth, and make some delicious coconut candy. Let me see! Who will help me eat it? WITCHES (running in): We will! GOBLINS (running in) : We will! CHILDREN (entering timidly): Did we hear someone say something about candy? BAD WITCH (who is no longer a bad witch, but is now a Good Witch): Yes, and you all shall have a share. ALL: Hurrah for Halloween! -From The Instructor. 399 general, Governor-General Smith, and the members of the Philippine Commission. Governor - General Smith started the ceremonies by reviewing the events ,which led to the organization of the Assembly. Secretary Taft delivered the inaugural address. The ceremonies ended at noon. At five o'clock the assemblymen held their first meeting in the Marble Hall of the Ayuntamiento in the Walled City. After the roll had been c~lled, the members proceeded to the election of the speaker. Manuel L. Quezon nomin,.ted Sergio Osmefia of Cebu whose election was declared unanimous. The first Philippine Assembly will go down in Philippine history as the first Filipino legislative body under the American flag. Its creation marked a forward step in the march of the Filipinos towards self-government, a wise policy laid down by President McKinley of the United States. This popular body of brilliant men served as a strong foundation of our pr es en t Commonwealth government. Let us then remember the day when the Filipinos started to make laws for themselvesOctober 16, 1907. THE YOUNG CITIZEN October, 1940 r CHATS with the EDITOR 1 EVERYONE likes praise, especially when it comes honestly and unsolicited. In this Chat we are quoting excerpts from some of the letters recently received. We believe our readers will be interested in reading tbese excerpts, so here they are: Tay ab as, Tayabas - THE YouNG CITIZEN is a magazine read by thousands of teachers and pupils all over the Philippines.Fabian A. Obispo. Paco, Manila, P. 1.-I am a constant reader of THE YouNG CITIZEN. I find it very useful for teachers, very valuable for pupils, and very entertaining f~r young . folks. It has helped me much in my work, as I find it contains many interesting materials for classroom activities. Your magazine provides for primary teachers devices, games, stories, poems, and other materials which make their work more interesting and their teaching more effective. Through your magazine many teachers profit by the knowledge and experience of other teachers.-Francisca P. Bautista. . . . Torrijos, Marinduque-I am glad to say that your magazine, THE YouNG CITIZEN, has really proved its worth. It is a favorite among my Grade Four pupils.Ernesto R. Barbosa. Libmanan, Camarines Sur-I am glad my school has subscribed for THE YouNG CITIZEN. We receive thirty-one (31) ·copies of each issue.-Anastacio Cacniller. Sibulan, Oriental Negros-We subscribe for 26 copies of each issue of THE YouNG C1TizEN for the library at our Central School, and one for each of the three barrio schools.-Timoteo S. Oracion. Antipolo, Mambusao, CapizWe receive your magazine, THE YOUNG CITIZEN, at my school each month. My pupils enjoy it very •much. I often read it myself after classes. Sometimes I read from it to our pupils during our opening exercises.-Amando P. Custodio. New Washiogton, Capiz-Our school subscribes for ~o copies per issue of THE YouNG C1nzEN which rotate like a· set of supple.mentary readers. ManY of our teachers believe that because of the variety and usefulness of the material of THE YouNG CITIZEN, a Set of copies of this magazine is more valuable as reading material than a set of supplementary readers.-, Luis M. Enriquez. Manila, P. I.-While on vacation this summer, I had the privilege of reading your very interesting magazine, THE YouNG C1TIzEN. I found the issues which I read entertaining and enjoyable. I consider this magazine as one of the best of its kind in the education of our youth. Since this magazine is a new discovery to me, our school has not been subscribirig for it, but . during the coming school year I shall introduce the magazine to our school.-Elias de Jesus Umali. Iligan, Lanao--I enjoy and appreciate your magaiine, THE Yo UNG C1TizEN. l\!Iore than that, it is gaining in popular.ity among my pupils, who are vety much. in-· terested in it. As we do not rece~ve enough copies of each issue for the entire class, each one tries to' finish his seatwork "ahead ef t°he others so that he can. have a copy of THE YouNG CITIZEN. My pupils enjoy reading the stories, poems, and jokes. They like to work the puzzles. They answer the questions at the end of m_any of the articles. Once our Division Superintendent of Schciols came to observe my work. My Grade Two pupils had finished their seatwork ahead of time, and many of them were busy reading THE YoUNG C1T1zEN. Each timf a pupil found a difficult word in a story; "he came to me for help. I could hardly conduct my recitation with the Grade One pupils because so many of the second graders were asking for help in reading THE YOUNG CITIZEN. ·· I thought I would be severely criticized for this by my superintendent, but instead the superintendent was pleased because . the second graders were reading the magazine and asking help for any difficulty they met. This incident shows that THE YouNG CITIZEN is loved, valued, and appreciated by pupils and school offi.ciais.-Lourdes L. Galeno. Again, your Editor wishes to thank our m<tny friends for their encouragement and support. If you like THE YouNG CITIZEN, write and tell us so. Goodbre.-THE EDITOR. The Uses of THE YOUNG CITIZEN Appro"'d in dead. B•ll. No. 11, ,.,.;., 1935 The Director of Education, in his lettcn of Nov. 4, 1937 and Jan. 14, 1939, indicated the following points: 1. The YOUNG CITIZEN i1 ideal for audience reading, group projects, and the like. 2. The YOUNG CITIZEN can be of much help in encourai:ing reading habib on a voluntary basis. 3. Authority is given for the placing of one or more subscription• for n1r1 clcusroom (including barrio schools) of Grade II and above. 4. In addition to subscriptions for classrooms, several subscriptions may be placed for the library, and one' for the Home Economics Building and one for the 1hop building. 5. The YOUNG CITIZEN being <he only magazine ever published in the Philippines for children, the Bureau of Education has taken much interest in iu developmeiit. 6. Subscriptions to mag::zine intended for pupils should be on full yeu buia. This magasine is publis./zed 1 ~ times a year COMMUNITY PUBLISHERS, INC. MANILA COMMONWEALTH OF THE PHILIPPINF..S Department of Public Works and Communications Manil~ SWORN STAn:MENT (RBQUIR.ED BY ACT 2580) The undersigned, ~ommunity Publisher_s, Inc., owner or publisher of THE YOUNG CITIZEN, published monthly in Manila, Philippines after having been duly sworn in accordance with law, hercPy submits the following statement of ownershi~, management, etc., as required by Act 258o of the Philippine Lecislature. Editorial Direttor: Jose E. Romero, Editor: Bert Paul O~bon, Publishers: Community Publishers, Inc., B•siness Mana9er: E. G. Rosales. Owners or stockholders holding one per cent or .more of interest, stocks, bonds, or other securities: V. G. Sinco, Manila; Jose E. Romero, Manila; Manuel Camm, Manila; Narciso Torres, Manila; and Philip Weinstein, Manila. (Signature) Community Publishers, Inc. (Owner or P•blilAtr) (Sgd.) E. G. ROSALES Subecribed and sworn to before me this 30th Jay of September, 19+0. [SBAL] (Sgd.) C. M. PICACHE Notary P•hlic . - I INKDGRAPH . · .. · .. ft,,.;1',~ 1~~ . 'l""' ~ ~· I ~ Community Publish~rs, Inc. ~ Manila