The Young Citizen: The Magazine for Young People

Media

Part of The Young Citizen: The Magazine for Young People

Title
The Young Citizen: The Magazine for Young People
Issue Date
Volume VI (Issue No. 11) November 1940
Publisher
Care for Community Publishers Inc.
Year
1940
Language
English
Rights
In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted
extracted text
Announcement to All Writers: - - - - 0 - We Will Pay You for writing articles of merit for publication in THE YOUNG CITIZEN. We wint intere1tin1 cbildren'1 etories from 200 to 500 word1 in length; al10 came.,, rudio1 deYlCH, article. of hi1torical interest, elementary 1clenee Hd healtb articles, puzzle., joket, and playlets. We alto 111·i1b to bu7 1everal 1ood 1erJ&l ttorle1. lntere1tin1 1toriea leH th•n IOO word1 in l1nstb are de.ired for Little People. Yo~ can add to your income by writin~ for UI. Primary Teachua: We especially desire various kinds of interestlnr material suitable for Fltat, Second, and Third Grade Pupils. We will pay teachers and othere for material which we can use. Each article should be written in clear, easy1 qorr~t lthglish, on one side of the paper, typewritten if possible, or written by hand t\eatly and legibly. The article ehould be submitted with a self·addreased stamped envelape, otherwise the publishers will not return it to the writer in case it .cannot be used. Addreso all communications to: The Managing Editor The Young Citizen Care of Community Publishers, Inc. P. O. Box 685, Manila, Philippines 1 9 4 0 • For First Graders Our Big Turkey-Fe /ltlasquez , ....... . My New Book-Mrs. Luirn Magallanes • For Second Graders Philippine Flowers-Mrs. Felicidad S. Clarin .. , .. Philippine Vegetables-Mrs, Celia Lazaro Lega.spi : .. • For Third Graders. Our Book Table-Ildefonso Patuman . Thanksgiving-Mabel L. Seavey • Stories 404 405 406 407 408 409 Farmer. Juan's Thanksgiving: Dinnec-Panzita Flores 411 The San Carlos News-Eleuteria Santos 412 The Younger Brother-Irineo C. Habla . 413 The First Thanksgiving (A Playlet)-Angel I'. Campoy . . . . 415 How Norberto Took Care of the Flags-Alejandro Gaborni . -H7 • Poems A Pupil's Hymn of Thanks-Gervacia Guarin . Books ........... ~ .. If You Lived in a Book Book Adventures The Reader's Span Reading Every Day .................... . • Character and Citizenship World Brotherhood-Dr. I. Panlasigui ..... . Book Quotations-Mrs. Geronima Calderon Ancheta Rizal Took Care of His Books • Elementary Science Mot&er Cat and Her Kittens ................... . The Bat-Ruperto Sarmiento . • Health and Safety When You Don't Need Glasses . HeadaChes .......... . ·j!~t~~~ookmoking ............................... • • Music Appreciation My Book Friftfds-Hildred Tope .................... . Wagner, Writer of Mu5ic·Dramas--:-Bert Paul Osbon . • Work and Play Art Sugge5tions for Book Week Bookplates for Your Books Making Candies ......................•............... Raising Flowers-Ramon Sin ....... . Our English Club-Mamintal Tamano Collecting ButterHies-Estre//a G. Reyes The Funny Page Chats with the Editor . 403 418 418 418 432 432 402 432 433 410 422 426 427 424 419 420 428 430 431 435 435 435 438 440 Published month!,. by the Community Publishers. Inc., 122 Crystal Arcade. Escolta. Manila, Philippines. Entered as Second Class Mail Matter at the Manila Pon Office on May 16, 1936. Editorial Director: Jose E. Romero; Managing Editor: Bert Paul Oebon; Contributina" Editors: Dr. I. Pa11!48ip1'i and QMiri'.«I A. Crvz; Staff Artin: Pedro Paauic; Business Manager: Bmilia1111 Garcia Ro811!es. Subscription Price: P3.00 for one year of 12 issues; 12.00 in the UJ:1ited Statu aJ:1d foreip countries. SiJ:lgle copy, 30 centavos. Subscriptions are Ui be paid Ui Commu11itu PMbliehers. l'IUl. n.u; MAGAZINt; ~OR YOUNG P(;OPLt; 402 ! THE YOUNG CITIZEN November, 1940 THE MESSAGE THIS MONTH WORLD BROTHERHOOD People speak of world brotherhood. Children are· taught in school about world brotherhood. What is world brotherhood? Let us see what the meaning is of world brotherhood .. Jose's brother is Pedro. Jose loves Pedro, and, of course, Pedro loves Jose, his brother. Jose has a toy. He and Pedro play with it. Jose has candy. He shares it with his brother. Pedro cannot understand his lesson. Jose helps him. Jose and Pedro like each other because they are brothers. Of course, not all brothers are like Jose and Pedro. Brothers sometimes quarrel, b4t they easily forget their quarrel and soon they are good to each other again. Suppose Jose meets Go, a Chinese boy. Suppose Jose and' Go become good friends. Then we say that Jose and Go are like brothers. Now let us suppose that we have several boys: Filipinos, Chinese, Japanese, Americans, Spaniards, Germans, French,· English, and others who are good to each othe.r. They become very good friends. These boys are like brothers. If school children all over the world would become friends, they would be just like brothers and sisters. When they would grow to be men and women and remain good friends, they would just be like brothers a.nd sisters all over the world. When peoples of different countries all over the world are good friends, we have a world brotherhood. Would it be good to have a world brotherhood? Yes, because then there would be no war. The strong nation would not conquer the weak nation. Instead of killing weak people, the strong people would help them. There would be peace all over the world. The world would be happy. Let us have world brotherhood. -DR. I. PANLASIGUI November, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN A POEM FOR THIS MONTH A PUPIL'S HYMN OF THANKS By GERVACIA GUARIN• FOR THE LIFE that God has giv'n me, For a mind with which to learn, For good health and growth of body, And the joy that life can earn, Father, I thank Thee. ~ For prosperity and welfare t Of my count~, province, town, For a willingness to serve them ~ When to man's estate I come, ..( Father, I thank Thee. , l•Teacher, Arayat, Pampanga. For my school, my books, my playmates, _For the knowledge that is mine, For my teachers, always patient, · . And my parents, dear and kind, Father, I thank Thee. For desire, Lord, to be humble, And be ready e'en to serve, Though at times I fall or stumble, And for hope that I'll p.e'er swerve, Father, I thank Thee. Amen. 403 FOR FIRST GRADERS THE YOUNG CITIZEN OUR BIG TURKEY By FE VELASQUEZ November> 1940 This is our big, fat turkey. He has nice feathers. He has a fine tail. His wings are pretty. His bill is very sharp. Each day I feed him. I feed him coi:n and rice. Our big turkey walks slowly. When he walks he says, "Gobble! Gobble!" OUR TURKEY DINNER We are going to have a turkey dinner. We will eat our big, fat turkey. We will eat our turkey on Thanksgiving Day. Mother will cook our turkey. She will cook other things, too. On Thanksgiving Day we are very happy. I hope you will have a turkey dinner. Then you will be happy. SOMETHING TO DO Get a thin piece of paper Color Mr. Turkey's picture. without lines. Color his wings and tail brown. Get a sharp pencil and Color his head red. your colored crayons. Color his feet yellow. Place the thih piece of paper Color the rest of him black. over the picture of Mr. Turkey .. Under the picture write: Draw a picture of Mr. Turkey. Our Big Turkey. November, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN FOR FIRST GRADERS MY NEW BOOK By MRS. LUISA MAGALLANES See my nice, new book. It is a red book. It has stories in it. · It has pictures in it. I like the pictures. I like the stories. Sister gave me tl;i.is boqk. , i She got it in a store. ' [ · It cost one peso . .. ~~ 1 Do you have a nice, new ' book? LEARNING TO READ I am learning to read my new book. I am learning the words in it. Each day I learn some new words. My teacher helps me. I read the stories to her. I read the stories to Mother, too. Mother helps me · with the new words. Can you read all the stories in your book? A COVER FOR MY BOOK My book is new and clean. I want to keep it clean. I will make a cover for my new book. My teacher will give me some heavy paper. I will cut the paper. It is for the cover. Then I will fold the paper around my book. I will paste the- corners. My teacher will help me. My teacher wants me to keep my book clean. 405 THE YOUNG CITIZEN Noveml.itr, 1940 FOR SECOND GRADERS PHILIPPINE FLOWERS By MRS. FELICIDAD S. CLARIN • cede via -de-.om~r The petals of my flowers are greenish yellow. I have a very sweet smell. I grow high up on a tree. What is my name? --We grow in clusters .. We grow on vines. ·The vines climb up very high. Our flowers are pink or white. What is our name? --I grow on a woody bush. My flow!)rs are white. They smell very sweet. Boys and girls like them. Can you write my name? --. I grow on a tall bush. I am bright red. Sometimes I am pink. · I have shiny green leaves. What is my name? --•Teacher, Narva.can Elementary School, Narva can, Ilocos Sur. Noi---ember, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN FOR SECOND GRADERS tomato PHILIPPINE V~GETABLES By MRS. CELIA LAZARO LEGASPI • My leaves grow in clusters. They are yellow and green. I grow in the Philippines. I make good food. What am I? --I am .red when ripe .. I am green before I am ripe. Boys and girls eat me. I like to have them eat me. What is my name? --1 _1 grow on a cob. • 1 I am covered with a husk. ! Your mother cooks me before I am ripe. What am I?-I grow on the ground. I grow on a long vine. The farmer sells me in the market. Can you write my name? --•Teacher, Isabela Central School, Isabela, Zamboanga City. 408 THE YOUNG CITIZEN NfJvembtr, 1940 FOR THIRD GRADERS OUR BQOK TABLE By ILDEFONSO PATUMAN Our teacher likes to have us read. So she got us a nice book table. We all helped her. Maria's father is a carpenter. He made a strong table for us. Patricia's mother gave us a pretty cover for our table. The cover is red with black stripes. It was brought from Zamboanga. Some of the boys and girls in our room brought books to place on our book table. Sulpicio brought a book with easy words and colored pictures in it. Francisca brought another like it. . The book which Perfecto brought has many funny pictures in it. Donato's mother sent us a book about animals. It has many pietures of animals in it. We all like that book. Others brought books also. . Each month our teacher places 18 copies of THE YOUNG CITIZEN on our book table. Each pupil in our room hurries to get his seat work finished, so he can read THE YOUNG CITIZEN. One day Asuncion's mother came to visit our school. She saw our book table. "What a nice book table!" said Asuncion's mother. "And such lovely books and magazines! Do the boys and girls read them?" "Yes, indeed," answered our teacher. "Our boys and girls like to read. Our book table is very useful. The books and magazines on it are a great help in teaching the boys and girls to read." THE YOUNG CITIZEN FOR THIRD GRADERS THANKSGIVING By MABEL L. SEAVEY I LIKE Thanksgiving; I think it is fun! We always have guests and there's much to be done. I help Mother take out the best china plates, And fill the blue bowl up with nuts and with dates. When Grandpa arrives he sniffs, and says, "Well, I think that I'll stay if that's turWhen dinner is ready and we all sit down, The turkey is brought in, so steaming and brown. And then it is served to us--dark meat and whiteAnd Father says, smiling, "How's your appetite?" ·And then comes dessert-and I just can't say "No," But later I wish that I had. So key I smell!" .although And Mother, undoing a parcel, says, I always am glad whei_i Thanks"My! Grandmcther has brought us a Thanksgiving pie!" giving is here, I'm glad, too, it comes only once in a year. 410 .Vqv fmbtr, 1940 MOTHER CAT AND HER KITTEtJ~; . MOTHER CAT is giving her kittens a lesson in hunting. They make no noise as they walk thr9ugh the grass on their padded feet They are following scin~thing that is moving in the grass. Mother Cat will show the. ki. ttens ~()\Y : ~o. pounce upon it ... F>erh~ps therare looking for a T hanksgiving dinne:i;. Baby kittens are. very playfof Mother Cat is often i;een playing with them ... She keeps them clean by licking them with · her. tongue. Nature gave her this rough tongue for other uses, tcio. A cat ca:1 strip' melit from bones with it~ ··· mgue. IfMother·Cat wants to move h·:"c·. kittens she carries them in he~· moutl;l. She. catch.es tL: ,-n by the back ·; the· neck. Little kitten:, purr when they . are happy. Someiimes they purr to . . :.;1eir mothe~.. :Ha:ve you heard tb •:m do this? ''faby kittens soon learn to growl. \;:haps they '.<.'c.fri th":.drcrn ,,;,,;_mother. They ~. :)n ;<o£n, how tu scr11tch and bite. They :earn this in their play. Do you have a mother cat and her kittens? What is the name of each one? · · · Nf'Jvember, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 411 LI'ITLE STORIES FOR LITILE. PEOPLE FARMER JUAN'S ,TJiANXSGIVING DINNER ADAPTBD BY PANZ!TA FLORES Our in Farmer Juan's garden Susana Squash lay smiling in the sun. "How big I am growing!" said Susana Squash. 1'1 must be the finest squash in the world. Soon Farmer Juan will take me to the market where all the world can se~ me." And Susana Squash rolled over in the sun and wept fast. asleep. Turkey Lurkey was out walking around under the trees. He strutted this way. He strutted that way. "What· a fine turkey I am!" he said. "I'm sure Farmer Juan. will take me to the market. Then the people .Will see the finest turkey in the land." Just then Farmer· Juan came with some rice. • "Come, Turkey Lurkey," he called. "Here is some good rice. Eat and grow fat; Thanksgiving is coming. What a good dinner I shall have! Squash and turkey roasted in the oven." Night came. But Turkey Lurkey could not ,leep. He was thinking. "So that's it," he _said to ~ · !f. "Rice three times a day so l'l, grow fat and make a fine dinner. We'll see abour that!" Finally, a few weeks later, it was the day before Thanksgiving. Turkey Lurkey. went into the garden. There lay Susana Squash fatter than ever. "Good morning, Turkey Lurkey," said fat Susana Squash. "W.ill you look at me? Did you ever see before such a nice, fat squash as I am? What fun I'll have at the m·arket I I'm sure I'll be the largest . squash there." "Oh, Susana", said Turkey Lurk,·y, "you're not going to the market. You are going to be cooked for Thanksgiving· dinner. You and I are to be eate1\ Thanksgiving Day-" . · "Oh! Oh!" cried Susana Squash.' ''What shall we do? Think fast, Turkey Lurkey. Perhaps Farm~r Juan wifl c::ime now." And Susana Jquash began to cry. Turkey Lurkey bent down. Snip, snap went his sharp bill, .\nd fat Susana Squash rolled off the vine. · "Come with me," said Turkey Lurkcy. "Roll fast." . O'l'er and over rolled fat Susana Squash. Down the road they went. Faster and faster. That night Farmer Juan went to the place where Turkey Lurkey· always rbosted in. a tree. · (Please turn to page 434.) THE YOUNG CITIZEN NofJemler, 1940 THE SAN CARLOS NEWS By ELEUTERIA SANTOS ONE MORNING Miss Mercader said ·to her pupils in San Carlos Barrio School, "How would you like to have a newspaper, boys and girls?" "Oh! that would be splendid!" said Ramon. "A newspaper would be lovely!" said Simplicia. "How- c,an we have a newspaper?" asked Tomas. "When may we have our newspaper?" Ciriaco wanted to know. "Listen, boys and girls, and I will tell you," said Miss Mercader. "We shall start our ·newspaper right now if you · wish. We shall write it twice each week on the blackboard. Would you like to db this?" "Yes, indeed," said everyone. "W.h.at shall we.call our newspaper?" asked Miss Mercailer. Everyone thought hard for a little while. Then Jesusa suggested the name The San Carlos News. "That is an excellent name," said their teacher. "Tomas, you can write well. Come to the blackboard, and. you may write the things which we decid,e to put in our news pa per .11 So Tamas went to the blackboard and in his nicest handwriting wrote at the top the name of the new paper; T Ju Sa11 Carlos News. "Now each one m3.y write one news item ·on a slip of paper ·and I will choose some of the best items," said Miss Mercader. Soon each pupil wrote a news item and gave it to Miss Mercader. She chose some items and gave· them to Tomas, who copied them in the "newspaper" on the blackboard. When Tomas had finished writing them on the blackboard, one of the pupils read the news aloud to ' the class. This is what was written in their first "newspaper": The San Carlo; [" ews By the Pupils of San Carlos Barrio School Today is Friday, November 1, 1940. This is a rainy day. ' Vl/e have fifteen girls in our room. 'Vl/e have twenty-one boys in our room. One girl is absent. No boys are absent. No one was tardy. This morning we learned a new song. It is a song about books. We shall sing it at our program for Book \Veek. Thanksgiving Day comes this month. (Please turn lo page 436.) Nowmber, 1940 THE YOUNG CITiZEN 41.l READING TIME FOR YOUNG FOLKS THE YOUNGER BROTHER By IRINEO C. HABLA TEN-YEAR-OLD TONY was a schoo\bpy in the fifth grade. According to his teacher, he was one of the brightest pupils in the class. He always had his lessons wen' prepared, and re~eived good grades. He ·was a topnotch pupil because he had good habits. He liked his books, studied his lessons carefully, and listened attentively" to his teacher's explanations. He was never late to school, and did not like to be absent. He was not absent unless he was sick. giving sunshine. And so he 'had a robust body. He was a brave boy, too-nothing ever frightened him. . · Tony liked to do practical things. He was handy with tools, and liked to work with discarded parts of old clocks. and watches. Once he made a toy boat which was propelled by the mechanism of an old aiarm clock. Tony had a big brother named Edi!. berto, but Tony always called him Manoy. '{ony was a Bi~ colano, and so called his brother Jv,lanoy, but if he had been a Tagalog boy, he would hav.e used the name Kuyang. Tony idolized his elder brother, and the two . never quarreled. Tony was obedient a n d polite. He had good manners, and he used· them; he had, also, a pleasing pcrsonali.ty and a pleasant disposition. In fact, t h e youngster seemed to have all the good traits of char- "llnnds up, or ru shoot!" · Edilberto was an auto mechanic. He acter which make a boy beco.me a good man. As he was alert in class, so he was full of life on the playground. He liked very much to play ball and to take part in other games. He could run a race, or throw a ball, or jump farther and higher than any other boy of his age in school. To keep his body strong and healthy, he played outdoors where he . could breathe fresh air and enjoy the healthhad built a little shop not very far from their home. In it he had installed benches, vices, lathes, and other necessary equipment. Edilberto worked in his shop alone, but occasionally, after school had been dismissed, Tony would go to his brother's shop to help Manoy in any way possible. And now we come to the events of this story. 414 THE YOUNG CITIZEN Not1tmbtr, 1940 One day Edilberto, as usual, was out working in his shop. He was busy examining the engine of an auto which had been brought in for repairs. He did not notice that a dangerous looking man had entered the shop, and was stealthily walking up behind him. Quietly the intruder· advanced toward Edilberto whose back was toward him. The man evidently intended to commit a robbery. Picking up an auto wrench, he moved toward his victim and was within a few feet of him when Edilberto turned around. Quick ~s a flash the desperado struck Edilberto on the head 'with the iron wrench. Stunned and· bleeding, the young man fell to the floor. Just at this moment the ·y~unger brother appeared on the scene. He saw what· had happened, and knew that he must help Manoy. Quickly, but q•1ietly, he ran to the house with the idea of calling the police by telephone. He had forgotten for the moment that the telephone had been taken out only the day before. Tony glanced around. Evidently nobody was at home. What could he do r He wanted to prevent the escape of his brother's assailant, but he was only a tenyear-old 'boy, and of course was no match physically for .the robber. But Tony had a mind which worked fast, and he was courageous, thanks to his good habits and athletic life outdoors. He quickly ran to his father's desk, opened a drawer, and took out his father's revolver. Tony had often seen his father shoot at a target, so the boy was sure he knew how t.J use the gun. Revolver in hand, Tony started back to his brother's workshop. Through the window he saw the robber looking in the (;\Sh register i.n Edilberto's tiny office. Advancing to the door of the office, Tony pointed the gun at the man. Summoning all his courage, the boy shouted, "Hands up, or I'll shoot!" The robber turned, and there stood brave little Tony with gun in hand pointed straight at him. Up went ·his hands. "Help! Help! A thief! Help!" shouted Tony as loud as he could. Two men, not so very far away, heard the cry. "Help I Help! Thieves! Murder! Help!"· The two men rushed toward the direction of the cries. They could hardly believe their eyes when they saw a ten-yearold boy with a revolve.r pointed at a desperate looking man who stood with hands up. The men soon overpowered the thief and tied him with ~ piece of rope. Then one' of the men stood guard while the other went for a policeman. Tony ran . to his beloved Manoy. Edilberto was just regaining consciousness, although he was still dazed. The police soon arrived, and in a short time the thief was locked up in prison. Edilberto's wound was not serious, and in a few days he was back at his work. After that Tony, the younger brother, was the hero of the whole town. "Son, you were a brave boy/' said Tony's father, soon after the event. "Thanks, daddy,'' said the boy. "Do you know; Tony/' continued his father, "that revolver with which you captured the robber was not loaded r For the sake o~ safety, I never leave it in the house loaded. When you pointed it at the thief, it was empty-not a bullet was in it. But I am glad the thief didn't know that." "So am I," said Mirnoy's younger brother. Novemhtr, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN THE rmsT THANKSGIVING A Play/et in Four Scenes By ANGEL V. CAMPOY•. CHARACTERS A GROUP OF PILGRIMS (any men and women THEIR GOVERNOR FIRST PILGRIM PILGRIM GUARD PILGRIM MOTHER PILGRIM GIRL in this scene would he spoken in the Jnnumber),' dian language, hut it is give~ in English in this play/et.) A GROUP OF PILGRIM CHILDREN (any number'i, boys and girls A GROUP OF FIRST INDIAN (.Pointing toward the hay): Look! A ship! A large ship! It is anchored in our bay. · SECOND INDIAN (pointing toward the shore) : And see! White men I There are white men from the ship. Even now they are on our shores. Shall we permit them to adAMERICAN r----------:i=------------. van c e, 0 r I N D I A N s shall we at( any num- tack them? ber), men J ND I AN only CHIEF: If the THEIR CHIEF white men FIRST INDIAN c o m e a s SECOND IN- '" friends, they DIAN are welcome TH IR D IN- ·to Jive among DIAN I us. But if they COSTl'MES come as enP i lg rim emies, we and Indian shall fight. costumes sim- TH.IRD INilar to. those DIAN: Yes, if shown in the Tiu Pi/gl'im Tlil/age they come as illustration on enemies, we this page. SCENE I Place: Forest on the shores of Massachusetts. Time: A morning in 1620. (Enter Indian Chief and Group of American Indians. They carry hows and arrows. Of course the Indian dialogue •Formerly Head Teacher, Maslog Primary Schaal, Sibulan, Oriental Negros. shall fight. ALL THE -INDIANS : yes, fight I Kill the white men! INDIAN CHIEF: Now braves, let UI go. back to our wigwams. We will let our people know that the white men have come. (The Indians leave. After they are gone a Group of Pilgrims-men only-: and their Governor enter,) GovERNOR: At· last we have come to THE YOUNG CITIZEN November, 1940 a place where I think we can live in peace. Here we can have our homes and ,worship God as we wish. FIRST PILGRIM: But it is cold here and there are no houses to provide shelt.er for our women and children. GOVERNOR: We can endure the winter's cold. And we shall build log houses for our women and children. We shall make a Pilgrim village. These tall trees of the forest will furnish material from which to build our houses. Let every man do his part. Now, all men to the forest to cut logs for our needed buildings, while the women and children stay aboard the ship. (The Pilgrims leave.) CURTAIN SCENE II Place: Same as Scene I. Time: A very little later than Scene I. (Tiu Pilgrim men are seen in tht forest pt·eparing to cut logs for their houses. 4 Pilgrim Gu11rd, gun in hand, stands keeping <fi.•atch.: Suddenly the guard appears to be looking in the distance.) PILGRl~I GUARD: The Indians! The Indians! The lridians are coming. They .: re ca-rrying their bows and arrows, GOVEilNOR: Let every man take up his gun. If the Indians shoo1 at·us with their bows and arrows, we must fight. But let us try to make them our friends, so we "can di live in peace. (The Indians are heard in the ditfatice g1uing war whoops. These sound louder as the Indians come nearer. The Pilgrims get in position with their guns ready to fire.) (The Indians enter •u:hooping and rush fpward the Pilgrims.) GOVERNOR (As the Governor speaks he· indicates the meaning of his words by means oj signs): Stop! We are your friends. We do not wish to kill you unlesg you attack us. INDIAN CHIEF (who understands and speaks a little English) : Me understand talk of Chief White Man. This our land. These our trees. White men steal' trees. Steal land. Indians kill white men. GOVERNOR: We are Pilgrims who have come from a land far away across the big sea-water. We want only enough of your land so we can 'build homes for our wives and children and ourselves. We want to be friends of the Indians and live in peace with them. We want to worship God, the Great Spirit of the white·men, as we wish. There in yonder ship (po inti) are our women and children. They need houses to protect them from the winter's ·cold: May we have a small tract of land and trees from your forests with which to build houses, so we may live in peace with our Indian brothers? We will pay you for the land and trees. INlllAN CHIEF: Chief White Man speaks well. If you come as friends, you . may stay. These trees belong to Indians. This land belongs to Indians. But our white brothers may have land, cut trees to make heuses. We all live as friends . (To the Indians): These men (poi11ti11!J to the Pilgrims) our friends. Our white brothers. Indian braves no kill white men. Indians go back tc wigwams and · squaws. Tell other Indians we all friends with white men. GOVER!<OR: Brother Indian Chief, we are grateful for your friendship and help. We hope that in this land we shall all find peace, plenty, and happiness, and all live together as brothers. . lN!JIAN CHIEF: Chief White Man speaks well. Let us smoke peace pipe. (Please turn to Pa_ge 434.) No•vember, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 417 HOW NORBERTO TOOK CARE OF Tl=<~ FLAGS By ALEJANDRO GABORNI * ·"~ Norberto was pr,oud of the flags. NORBERTO was a pupil in a barrio school. In the school which he attended there was a boy scout troop of which, Norberto was a member. The school had an American flag and a Filipino flag. Every morning at sunrise some member of the boy scout troop raised the flags, and every night the same scout took them down. Each of the scouts took care of the flags in turn. Norberto was happy to have his turn. He loved the flags; he was proud of them. When it was his turn, he got up early in order to hoist the flags at sunrise. He raised them briskly. Sometimes the morning breeze would catch the~ and they would wave in the morning air and sunshine. In the afternoon Norberto was very careful to take them down properly. He • Tea~her, Pinabacdao Barrio School, Calbiga, Samar. never let the flags trail on the ground. He never let them get dirty. He never let the mud or any water get <in them. He folded them carefully. He loved the flags and was loyal to them. One afternoon Norberto's father asked him to go with him to t-0wn t<i see a movie. "I think a Tarzan picture is showing this afternoon, .Norberto, and I am sure you would like to see it." Norberto was very happy and jumped i for joy. "0 father," he said, "may I?" "Y e.s, if you will come quickly,'' s.aid his father. Norberto was soon ready to go. Then-he thought of the flags. It was his turn to take care of the flags. The sun would soon be going down. "0 father," he said, "I cannot go. I must lower the flags at sundown." "Cannot some of the other scouts do it?" asked his father. "All of the other boys are gone,'' answered Norberto. "I was left to take care of the flags. No, I cannot go. Each member of our scout troop has to do a good turn every day. It would not be a good turn to leave the flags out all night." "Good for you, Norberto," .said his father. "I wanted you to go with me, but you are doing a better thing. I am proud of you, for you can be trusted. Taking care of the flags is rendering a service to your country." So Norberto's father and mother went to see the Tarzan movie, which Norberto wanted very much to see, ·and Norberto staid at home in order to do his duty. When the boy went to lower the flags (Please turn to page 436.) THE YOUNG CITIZEN November, 1940 POEMS FOR BOOK WEEK BOOKS BOOKS are doors tha.t open out, Let us travel round about Countries that are far away, While at home we still can stay. Books are windows through which we Other times and people see; Books are friends that cheer us, too; Without books, what would we do? * * * IF YOU LIVED IN A BOOK WHAT do your book friends think of you? Do they find you thoughtful in all that you do? Do you help them keep their houses clean, And all the rooms that are placed between - BOOK ADVENTURES I LIKE to take a book in hand, And travel to some foreign land, Land of adventure and pirates, too, Where men are needed who dare · and do. And so I get a thrilling book, And seek to find some quiet nook Where I can read, and in my mind A treasure island I can find. Ah! here's a story to thrill me through! Pirates! Fighting! Mutiny, too! And with my book my course is plainN ow I am on the raging main. The swish of a wave upon the sand-. And I have arrived at the pirate's land; The beat of a tom-tom, the throb of a drum Tell of adventures yet to come. What will happen within the hour? Who will gain and hold the power? Brave men fighting to keep the hold, Pirates· seeking treasure and gold. (Please turn to page 437.) Those bright new walls? Do you take care That you leave behind you no spot or tear ? 1 If you had to live all the time in a book, You would want to 1le careful of how it would look! November, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN MY BOOK FRIENDS By H.ILDRED TOPE 419 l - l i Ji } r p I r ) J I ?' J\ -; r p I f > IL\ Books are the lin •est. friends l kno~; They take ·me with them when they· ' ...If,, J J. I f P J. R I F p J J~ I f R J RI F D J. V go· To fair• y. land or lands. a· far. Some -timcsthey let me ride a star 1J~it ) J, ;\ F p I r } J.1 pj] p F p I f. ; J .Pl~ Up to the moon and peek in • side, Or show me where the fair • ies hide O•") )If\ f p p. ~ p I F } J. I) J\ ) f )I J R f" II where the beau - ti .. fol · rain - bow ends-- Bo0ks are the ver - y fin - est friends. 2. Books are the closest friends of all, Ready to help me when I call, And teach to me what I must learn; 'Tis waiting there for me to turn The page and find what I must know. To these good friends I'll often go, And they'll not fail me in what I need; Books are the closest friends, indeed. 3. Books are a store of treasures rare; Mine for the seeking-mine to share With· others who, like me, must go And find the things that they should know. Treaiures are there for me to take; If I but look there I shall make The wisdom of all the ages live: This is what books to me will give. 420 THE YOUNG CITIZEN NofJtmber, 1940 MUSIC APPRECIATION SECTION GREAT COMPOSERS OF MUSIC By BERT PAUL OSBON • IX. WAGNER, WRITER OF MUSIC-DRAMAS Richard W agntr RICHARD WAGNER ( pronounced vahg-ner), who has great])' enriched the modern world of music, was born in Germany in 1813. As a youth he delighted in reading the heroic myths ·of Greek gods and goddesses. He. liked to 'read the story of Rome, and similar stories and legends. As a boy he became greatly interested in the theater through his stepfather .who was an actor. R ichard was given music lessons, but he never became a great singer or piano player. He went to school in Germany and later attended a German university. Greek and Shakespeare were.his favorite studies. At the age of thirteen he wrote a tragedy and began to study harmony (the science of writing music). After he had learned to know Beethoven's works thoroughly, he decided to devote his life to music. (See the article Beethoven, Mu•Formerly Head o.f the Music Department, Shortrid' e High School1 . Indianapolis, Indiana, u. s. A. . sical Genius in the July, 1940, issue of THE YOUNG CITIZEN.) We later find him wandering from town to town in Germany, conducting orchestras and leading choruses. Then he traveled to Paris and to Russia, but was not successful there in music, so he returned to Germany. Unfortunately Wagner became involved in German political struggles. For this reason he was forced to leave the country and go to Switzerland. Dur.ing his eleven years of exile he spent his time in writing books and essays and in music composition. . In all his troubled days of exile and failure Wagner worked faithfully at his dream of a ·new kind of opera. From Switzerland he sent to his friend Liszt (a great pianist and composer) an opera which he had completed there. This opera is called Lohengrin (pronounced lo-en-grin). · At this time a great celebration was being prepared in Germany in honor of one of the German poets. Famous men and women would come from ·distant cities to attend the celebration. Wagner's friend Liszt (pronounced list) was one of those in charge of the celebration program. L iszt had W agner's opera Lohengrin performed at this celebration. In no other way could the fame of Wagner have spread so quickly. The audience realized that this opera was· the work of a genius. Wagner had turned to the Middle 'Nov~mbtr, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN Ages for the story which he used in his opera Lohengrin. The story is about a knight of mystery named Lohengrin. A noble maiden named Elsa had dreamed that a mysterious knight would come in a boat drawn by a swan to rescue her from the false charge of having killed her brother. Who Lohengrin was, how he saved Elsa, how they were happily married, and by what means Elsa lost Lohengrin is a story you will want to read for yourself. Wagner did not use the word opera for his dramatic musical plays, but instead he called them .mus i c-dramas. As a writer o f great 1nusicd ram as he became famous. dramas of Wagner the .singing is more often like dramatic speech than melody. While he was exiled in Switzerland, Wagner worked out. the idea of a series of music-dramas in which the old legends of Nor them Europe were used. No single legend suited him, so he planned t<i write a group of music-dramas that should tell the whole story of the mythology·· of Northern Europe. He found enough material for four music-dramas. He called this series of four music-dramas The Ring of the Nibelungs. The Nibelungs, according to German mythology, were the children of the· mist, a l egendary ra c e of .dwarfs or demons, the original possessors of the hoard and ring won by a mythical hero named Siegfried: He believed that the musicd r a m a sho11ld ·be a heroic story told in noble Contest of the M innesingtrs T h e se four musicpoetry. He wrote the poetry as well as the music of his productions. He thought that the music should suggest the true character of each person in the story, and used a musical phrase to describe a character or an idea. T his phrase he called a leitmotif (pronounced light-mo-teef}. It is like a key that unlocks the door to understanding. Such ideas sound very reasonable, but it was many years before people accepted them. l'eople missed the old melodious singing of former operas. In the inusic- dramas center around this mythical hero Siegfried, and the story is about the ring made from the stolen gold of the Rhine river. This ring was the cause of conflicts between the gods and men, and the final defeat of the gods. T he four music-dramas of The Ring of the N ibelungs are : ( 1) T he Rhinegold, (2) The V alkyrie, (3) S iegfried, and (4) The Twilight of the Gods. Wagner wrote other dramatic musical compositions. One of these is called Tannhauser (pronounced tahn-hoi-zer), (Pltau turn to page 437.) ' 422 THE YOUNG CITIZEN November, 1940 ELEMENTARY SCIENCE SECTION THE BAT By RUPERTO SARMIENTO• HAVE you ever watched the little black "birds" flying about just at dusk each evening? Do you . know what these "birds" really are? They are our friends, the bats. The bat is not at all nice to look at. He is an ugly creature, and, although he is timid, he is fierce when angry. He hunts for food at night and sleeps in the daytime. If you see him when he is asleep, you will see a queer sight. He. hangs by means of his toes, and rests that way with his head down. In this position he stays all day long. As soon as it begins to get dark, he wakes up, leaves his sleeping quarters, and begins to help us. As he flies about, he is helping us. Perhaps you are wondering how such an ugly creature could help us. But he does. As he flies about, he catches and eats hundreds of harmful insects such as moths, roaches, mosquitoes, and the like. *Head ·Teacher, Tonsuya Barrio School, Tonsuya, Malahan, Rizal. After a while he goes back to his sleeping quarters which may be in a cave, in a hollow tree, in thick bushes, or some dark part of a building. It is interesting to know that in some countries people build places for bats to stay. These are called "bat roosts." . A Frenchman once had a pet bat. He taught his pet bat to eat from his hand and to take pleasure in being petted. You may wonder how anyone could like an ugly bat as a pet. He does not look very intelligent as he hangs upside down. But wait; you'll admire him more when you learn to know him better. Do you see those strange wings of thin, dark skin which the bat wraps around him like a cloak? These are perhaps the most delicate sense organs in the world. Take the bat in your hand. He will not hurt you if you are gentle and avoid that frightened snarling mouth. · You'll feel the small creature trembling all over. That is because, to those sensitive wings, the touch of your hand is like a rasping Nof.lember, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN file, rough and disagreeable. Those wings and his large, vibrating ears are the mystery and wonder of the bat. They enable him to fly in the darkest night, through the thickest forest, when his eyes are of little use to him, and pursue his insect prey without touching any part of a trunk or branch of a tree. Those wings arc made up of a close network of fine nerves which seem to be able to detect iri advance the slightest vibration in the atmosphere caused by the friction of air currents against solid objects. Because bats have wings, they used to be classed with birds. But bats are not birds-they are mammals because they bring forth their two or three baby bats alive, and nurse ·them with milk from the inother bat. The young bat is at first very tiny, naked, and pink, but' it clings vigorously to its mother's breast as she darts through the air. When at rest, the mother bat folds her delicate wings around her baby to keep it warm. Bats do not alight on the ground if they can avoid it, for they crawl with great difficulty. They cannot spring into the air from a flat surface, but must climb up a little distance in order to launch themselves so they can fly. There are altogether about 300 kinds of bats, distributed all over the world except in the very coldest regions. Usually bats are small, but some of the bats in Malay countries and in the Philippines have a spread of wings measuring five feet. These and other large bats found in the tropics are fruit eaters; these bats are really harmful. But, as previously stated, most bats feed ori insects, and ·are very valuable to man. Indeed, the bat . may be looked upon as the night policeman of our gardens and groves, for it devours enormous quantities of harmful insects. Children should not destroy the little bats, which, in spite of their strange appearance and harsh, squeaking voices; are friendly and easily tamed if carefully approached. Bats have always had an unde_served bad reputation. This is· not true of most bats, especially of the little ones which we often see flying about in the evening. But the Philippine fruit bats are injurious. There is. also another kind of injurious bat. It is found in Afriea, Central and ·South America, and elsewhere. This is . the iropical vampire bat which settles on horses and cows or even sleeping human beings and sucks their blood, sometimes so weakening the victim that death results. These bloodsucking bats get their name of vampire from the "vampire" of legend (Please turn to pagt 437.) This is a fruit bat carrying her baby, which clings to her fur, hanging upside down just as its mother does. THE YOUNG CITIZEN NotJemhtr, 1940 HISTORY SECTION B,9-9XS AND BOOKMAKING Y stylus. How the First Books Were Made THE PRINTED and bound volume which we know today as a "book" is the result ·of centuries of development. The earliest records of man were chiseled on stone, wood, or other durable materials. The Babylonians of ancient times impressed characters on soft clay tablets, or bricks, and then baked them hard. The laws of Solon, the ancient Greek . lawgiver, were carved on wooden tablets and set up in the ancient Greek city of Athens. The twelve tables of the ancient Roman law were similarly engraved on stone. Thin plates of ivory, bronze, or lead were also used for records of public value. The plates were often hinged in a form resembling a modern book. For brief notes both Greeks and Romans used small wooden tablets covered with wax on which they wrote with a pointed When the early Egypti.ans learned how to make, a crude paper from the stem of the papyrus reed, they found a writing material of far greater. convenience than any known before, and its use spread gradually through the Mediterr.anean world. It was cheap, and its smooth, glossy surface made possible beautiful effects in lettering and ornament~tion. The common form of a book, when papyrus was used, was a roll of volumen, from which the English word volume comes. The papyrus was written on one side only, and was wound around a short · sticR much in the manner of the maps we use today. Sometimes the strip of paper was many feet long. Many of these papyrus rolls have been found in the coffins of mummies in the tombs of Egypt. The dry air of that country, together with the cedar oil in "which the papyrus was boiled, preserved them so well that the writing is still clear and distinct. In reading such a roll, the reader held it in his right hand, and unwound ii, as he read, with his left, at the same time rolling up the part which had b~en read. The common practice in ancient bookOne of the First Books THE YOUNG CITIZEN The ~·irst En.y/ish Printer anJ His. Shol making establishments was to dictate the work in preparation to a great number of s!aves-called tile librarii-and each slave made one copy. This· kept the cost of making books low, and many book shops and public libraries existed in Rome in ancient times. 'i'he inconvenience of these long rolls and the fact that papyrus was easily destroyed led to the ·sut>stitutio~ of vellum and parchment for the leaves of books. Both. parchment and vellum were rrade 'rom sheepskin. This was cut i'n ··ec·can!(Ular sheets and bound together at one side with long leather strips or thongs. This brings us, about the 4th century af. ter Christ, to the form of our modern book. For a thousand years long.er there were no books except those laboriously written by hand. All through the 1\1 iddle Ages . books were made. only by the monks in the monasteries, writing in what was called· the "scriptorium." In the illustratio:i on page 42+ a monk is shown writing one of these books. We owe.the possession of nearly all the Greek and Latin classics we have to the patient labors of such monks as you see in the illustration. The lettering of these hand-made . books was often very beaut\ful., a!'d the beginning of each part and sometii\Jes the first words of each page was written· in bright ink of v.ariolis color.s. Sometimes the large initial letters cont~ined pictures in the most brilliant colors. Such manuscripts were said to be "illuminated," and the colors in some. of these old books are as vivid today as they were when they were written . When the volume was finished, it was enclOsed betweeq massive covers of wood, over which leather was soml·[intt::. stretched. The covers of important h<•<>k< were often studded and banded with .!:""' arid silver, and sometimes·with prccioua stones. They were fastened with ii>i:;c clasps. Most of the books of thoi tirne (Pltast tur'n tO papt ~J6.) THE YOUNG CITIZEN N ofJember, 1940 HEALTH AND SAFETY SECTION WHEN YOU DON'T NEED GLASSES THE BENEFIT that has come from the use of glasses is widespread and is gen~rally recognized by physicians and by patients everywhere. And yet there are many people .wearing glasses who really do not need them. Some people wear glasses because they think they make them look more attractive or more scholarly. Don't wear glasses unless they are necessary. There has been, during the last f~w years, a continuous effort on the part of some of the makers of spectacles to develop in the public mind what is termi:d "eye consciousness." · This has been emphasized by the examinations which have· been made of the eyes of school children. The relief experienced from glasses has been discussed. in the homes, and has served as a general topic of conversation.· Some eyes at night and· under bad conditions, with imperfectly printed books, and when physically in a condition. which needs eye rest rather than eye work. Or perhaps, because of adenoids or catarrhal conditions, their eyes had become inflamed. Glasses are not the first aid required in such cases, yet they have been 5old and -even prescribed by doctors with the feeling that the small irritation might be benefited by the use of glasses. 'the result of this has been that boys and girls, and even grown people, have had glasses prescribed when other things should have been used instead. Here is a very foolish statement which a professor in a university made to his classes. He said: "I have noticed that many of Dur students are not manufacturers of lenses Some people wear glasses be- wearing_glasses. It is quite have commercialized this cause tl.ey t/Jink the glasses mnk~ impossible that their eyes feeling, and have largely th.et'! /r.ok more allro.ctive or more are perfect,. so they should · schoiarly. Don't wear· g/asseJ unSUCC~eded .in developing a less the> are necessary. consult an eye physician public belief that all eyes - at once." It would have are more or less defective, and hence that been desirable for all these students to all eyes need glasses. have had their eyes examined by an eye This has caused spme parents . and physician, but certainly it would not be pupils to believe that even if an examina- found necessary for all of them to wear tion shows that eyes are normal, still the glasses. The foolishness of this profesuse of glasses will give added strength sor's statement lies in the fact that the to the eyes. This belief has caused hun- eyes, like other parts of the- human bcidy, dreds of people to use glasses when they are capable of adjus,tment. really were not needed. On the other hand, there are many Perhaps these people were using their (Please turn to. page 434.) NOtJnnbtr, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 427 HEADACHES THE CAUSES of headaches are so many that the very idea of a headache "cure" by means of drugs is foolish. A headache· may be caused by many reasons, some of little importance, others important. Bad ventilation .and· eating too much may cause the head to ache. Continuous use of the eyes in bad· light, in connection with some kind of eye · defect, may cause head.aches. Infections in the nasal sinuses are frequent causes of aching in the head. A badly placed wisdom tooth may cause the head to ache. High blood pressure may do the same. Headache preparations are advertised under various names. Any person can buy tablets of any popular pain-killing drug from anyone who sells them as a headache "relief" preparation. The drug may be aspirin which is· inoffensive to most persons .. It.may, however, be irritating to the stomach and the krdneys, and depressing to. the n¢rvou.s system. Phenacetin or acetanilid . may be used in the headache remedy. These drugs are definitely depressing to the heart. and may do harm to ·the ·red-blood cells. Or the headache remedy may be iminopyr inc, which is still more likely to do harm to the blood cells. Whatever the drug, it . should not be used except when prescribed by a doctor, if it is powerful enough to produce results. Acute infections with fever resultin·g from· such dangerous d i seas es as small pox, influenza, or spinal meningitis, to trilling diseases as colds, et cetera, all may begin with aching in the head. There are many other diseases which cause a headache. Some l"11tlacht1 are btst treated S om e headaches The list cOUld go on ai- b~ rest in :,;, darltned room with most indefiiiitely. cool cloth~ 1Jn tht head. Don't tale It is foolish to think ~=:~:r°:us~tadscht cures-thty art are best treated by rest in a darkened and quiet room with cool or cold· cloths that any tablet, powder, or so-called headache cure on sale in most of the drug-stores everywhere can do anything more than give temporary relief. Unless the cause is found and removed, headaches come again and again. If certain drugs are taken to secure relief from headache, the drug itself may do harm, either to the nervous system, the blood, or the heart. or an icecap on the head. Headaches which come back frequently should 'be investigated by a doctor. This is much more sensible than taking poV(erful drugs for temporary relief from pain.· The doctor will probably be able to remove the C?use of the headactie. This will afford permanen.t relief.-Condensed from "Good Health." .µ8 THE YOUNG CITIZEN Not1tmber, If WORK AND PLAY SECTION ART SUGGESTIONS FOR BOOK WEEK On tht 14t, .Af<Jno9rom of l11itia/s. 011 the riglll, a Balanad Design. To HELP OBSERVE Book Week, boys and girls can make bookmarks of · various kinds. They may be for their own use or for gifts. A monogram of a child's initials makes a very attractive decoration for a bookmark. Monograms are easily made if they are first sketched on paper to be used as a pattern. When the pattern is made, place it over colored paper and cut it. Cutting at the same time both the pattern and the colored paper to be used for the monogram avoids the necessity of tracing around the patt~rn, which often gives a dumsy effect. Trace the monogram on Foltlt'tl Animal ·Bookmark Nootmher, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 429 a narrow strip of paper of contrasting color, and press it. The illustration on page 428 shows how it will look. Younger children can make ·balanced designs instead of monograms. They can fold the paper, and cut it freehand, cutting both pattern· and colored paper at the same time, as was done with the monograms for bookmarks. Other interesting designs are the funny imaginary animals i n silhouettes, m 0 u n t e d on pieces of bright colored paper. A pretty folder with a simple design may be used as a bookmark. A · s imp 1 e quotation about books - many s u ch quotations will be found on page 432 of this ; is s ue of THE --~ YOUNG CITIZEN J can be slipped over a leaf of the book in order to keep the ptace. The different kinds of bookmarks suggested in this article are illustrated on these pages. Notice the illustration showing monogram initials for ·a bookmark This wiil sug· gest, p-crhaps; a design for using desired initials. A"'balanced desian" iS al s o shown. in another illustration there is a picture of folded animal b oo kmarks. These arc clever and will please young people. There is illustrated, too, an attractive design for a folder bookmark; also a suggested silhouette bookmark. Try making some of these . bookmarks; you and your friends · will enjoy them: -or jingles like t !J e following may be written or printed i~­ side the folder : On th' left, Dtti9n for a Folder Booltmarlt O n J~e ri9h1, D esign for a Sifhouetle Bookmark If you are wanting some inexpensive gifts for b i rt hday or Y ou arc n friend of books; Y ours show it by their lo~ks. Cutting animals on folded colored paper, leaving ears, tail, or backs uncut on the fold, makes a marker which Christmas pres- · ents, bookmarks, made by yourself, are ideal. Your friends will like them all the better because you made them. And they will be very attractive gifts, too. The plan is worth trying. 430 LIBllAllY TPE YOUNG CITIZEN Nooembtr, JO-IV _BOOKPLATES FOR YOUR BOOKS ·-- . LI Bf\ARY .OF l.~ _-=~· -_____.~ THE BOY OR GIRL who owns a small library will find a bookplate just the thing to show personal ownership of each book and to add distinction to the library. It is noi difficult to make a bookplate to suit one's fancy. On this page are given two designs for bookplates, but the boy or girl who is clever ·at drawing may make an original design. If either of tlic designs on this page are used, fill in name. After one has a design to »JH the fancy, copies of this bookplate design are to be made and one i!r to be P•»ted .in the front o.f each book. There are several ways of making copies of the design. One way is to take a photograph of the design, and from the photograph negative make as many photographic copies· as are desired. Another method is to draw th•e· design on tracing paper with drawing ink (or-· dinory ink will not do) and n:iake as many b' · print copies as are ·wanted. . ,f course one may take the design to ;, photoengraver and hove a cut made. From this cut a printer can print as many copies a. are desired. TJ:iis method is advisa~le when one has several hundrod books in a library. Thus you avoid losing your books. November, 1940 THE YOUNG' ClTIZi!N MAKING CANDIES (CtJ11tinued frnm tlie OcttJbPr number) IN THE ISSUE of The iowed to cool before cut: I be purchased at any goo~ Young Citizen for last ting. Dip the knife used grocery store). Cook the, month thete were some ex- for cutting in. powdered mixture to 240 degrees. Add -cellent recipes for candies. sugar·which will prcvc·c:t iv the c:c:1:c.ed cocnnut and This month we are giving sticking. Nut meats_ moy; l">oil to 2+2. dc.~rces_. "':dd. more. These can be used be added to any caramels j one teaspoon of \"?.mlla Jt.St for making a plentiful sup- just before pouring. before pouring. ply of candy for the holi- Chocolate- Oar4mels Pulled Caramels days which will soon come. Melt two and one-half Put 2 cups of rngar, oneThen, too, candy-1)1aking tablespoons of butter in a half cup of boiling water. ·can help 'to increase the kettle, add 2 cups of mo- one-third of c t-::aspoon of family income. The boy or lasses, one cup of brown cream of tano ond onegirl who has learned to sugar, and· one-half cup of h~lf of a teaspoon nf glycmake delicious candy at milk. Stir until it begins to crin in a saucepan and home rnn. build up a n.ice boil, and then add 3squares 1 bring it to thebn:: "'.'; po_int. little business by .selling of unsweetened chocolatelLet the mixture bot! w1thhomemade candy. Many (to be purchased. at any out ,stirring un,il it will people prefer it to the ex- good grocery store). ·Boil turn brittle when tested in pensive candies bought in to 240 degrees Fahrenheit. cold water. When nearly the stores. Add one teaspoon of vaniBa cooked, add .2 tablespoons In this article we shall flavoring just before pour- of heavy cream (or Carnagive recipes for making car- ing. ti.on evaporated milk) and. amels. Caramels contain Coconut Caramels one and one-half squares of the ingredients that make Pour into a kettle one bitter chocolate. Pour on·. the can.dy. boil very high pound of granula,t~d sugar, a buttered platter, and as and burn easily, Therefore one and one-half pounds of the edges cool fold towards ~t m·Jst hr stirred contin- corn syrup, one cup·of~Weet ·the center. As soon as it is uously. Have a shallow cream (or jf it cannot be cold enough to ])andle, pull square pan oiled or greased obtained use one cup of until it is glos.sy. Then cut · .: \•:hi ch to pour the candy Carnation e vapor at c d it into small pieces; using ·.vhen it is done. It should milk), one can of condensed a knife. or scissors. Put on be, poured to a thicl{ncss of milk, and the liquid of one a slightly buttered platter about one inch and be al- can of Baker's coconut (ta· (To he rontinufd) .,.J2 THE YOUNG CITIZEN N Ofl~mher, 1'9411 CHARACTER AND CITIZENSHIP SECTION BOOK QUOTATIONS COMPILED BY MRS. GERONIM A CALDERON ANCHETA• FOR PRIMARY GRADES Books are faithful friends. Read and enjoy books. The child who read$ is the child who leads. Read and grow. Reading 0is the most impo1'1l•lt thing the child can learn in school. FOR INTERMEDIATE GRADES Books which help you most are those which make you thin,k most. A book carefully selected has a permanent value which nothing else can have. It is never too late to read. Good books are faithful teachers. They interest, inspire, and guide. It takes as long to read a poor book as a good one. · He lives a thousand lives who reads his books. Books are the greatest inheritance of the new generation. They preserve the wisdom and the beauty of the race, and carry it as a living, ever-growing stream. A library is the pupil's worksliop; it is the teacher's assistant; it is the professional'> chief outfit. Books are a guide and an entertainment in youth. •Teacher, Lukban Elementary School. Manila. Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some to ·be chewed and digested. 'Tis the good reader that mak~s the good book. In every good book he finds passages which seem confidences hidden from all else and unmistakenly meant for his ear. All books are divisible into.two classes:. .books of the hour and books of all time. 'Reading has changed the "world and continues lo change it1 Tile man without books lives only the life of one individual, . No one can read a good and interesting book for an hour without being the better and the happier for it. He that loves reading has everything within his reach. Book-love, my friends, is your pass to the greatest, the purest, and the most perfect pleasures. It lasts when all ·other pleasures fade. It will support you when all recreations are gone. It will last you until yollr death. THE READ.ER'S SPAN THOSE who love to read have life Beyond their own short day; They travel through the centuries With authors years away. READING EVERY DAY I REAQ a good book ev'ry day, So I will grow up wis.e; I read a good book ev'ry day, So says the child who tries. Xovemher, 19.f.() THE YOUNG CITIZEN 434 THE YOUNG CITIZEN FARMER JUAN'S DINNER GLASSES {Continued from page 41 I) (Continued from page 426) "Where are you, Turkey people whose eyes are seemLurkey ?"he called. "Come ingly very good, ,Yet for here. I'm ready for you. whom the use of properly What a fine Thanksgiving fitted glasses would prove a dinner I shall have!" relief from nervous strain. Then he looked up and There are multitudes of down with his flash-light. people whose imperfect In the tree and around the sight prevents them from tree and most everywhere. seeing things-which make But no Turkey Lurkey was life beautiful and worth to be found. Then he looked while. There are many in other trees. No Turkey others for whom properly Lurkey. chosen glasses are the neces"Where can that turkey sary means for correcting November, 1940 FIRST THANKSGIVING (Continued from page 416) (Produces a long. pipe which he puts to his lips as if smoking it. He then hands it to the Governor.) This is Indian peac'e pipe. Smoke it, brother White Chief, as sign of friendship between Indians and white men. (The Governor places the peace pipe to his lips as if he were smoking it.) CURTAIN be?" said Farmer Juan. reflex nervous trouble, and SGENE III "Well, anyway I'll cook whose headaches, indiges- Place: In a field at harthat fat squash for my tion, neuralgja, or dizziness vesnime. Thanksgiving dinner." pass away with the relief of Time: Down .to the garden he eye strain. later than went. He looked· in the But there ·are also many scenes. Some months the previous corner where the squash people whose eyes are per- (Piles of cornstalks may had been growing. Susana fectly normal, who are en- be seen in the background. Squash wasn't there. He tirely comfortable without There are also some pump1ooked and looked. No wearing glasses. For these, kins or squashes. Pilgrims squash. glasses are wliolly unneces- -men and women-are Finally he gave up, sary. busy gathering the corn and walked· to the house, and If you are in doubt as to pumpkins.) went to bed. whether or not you should GOVERNOR (entering): And on Thanksgiving wear glasses, go to a good My friends, God has reDay what do you think eye physician, and then do warded our toil with a Farmer Juan had for his what he advises.-Con- bountiful harvest. We have Thanksgiving dinner? dense d from "Good corn and squashes ·and dried Did he have squash? No. H ea/th." wild ,fruits. We have veniDid he have turkey? No. son from the forest and fish He had only some camo- 3. What more did he in- from the streams. Wild tes. tend to have at his Thanks- turkeys and other fowl are QUESTIONS giving dinner? in abundance. These are I. W fie n was Farmer 4. How did the turkey blessings from our Heaven] u an going to have a and the squash escape from ly Father. Let us all give turkey dinner? Farmer· Juan? thanks to God for his kind2. Why did he feed rice 5. What did Farmer ness. Let us have a day of to his turkey? Juan have for dinner? (Please turn to page 439.) November, 1940 Raising Flowe~ By RAMON SIN THE YOUNG CITIZEN +35 CLUB Our English Club Collecting Butterflies ·By MAMINTAL TAMANO By ESTRELLA G. REYES (I I YEARS OLD) ( l I YEARS OLD) ( 14 YEARS OLD} ONE of the nicest things.for IN OUR ROOM at school we COLLECTING moths and buta schoolboY. or a girl to do have organized an English tertlies has been my pleasin leisure time is to raise Club. The members of this ant outdoor work for severtlowers. I have a beautiful club agree to use no !an- al years. When do I find flower garden just in front guage except English at time to do any collecting? of our house. It is rectan- school. The purpose of This is the· way I do it. gular in form, ten by twelve this club is to help us in the Each day as I go io and meters, and is enclosed by a use of English· and to make from school I am on the bamboo fence. us feel at home in speaking lookout for specimens. I At a distance the garden it. This is because English am always prepared to take presents a variety of colors. is the medium of instruc- care of any specimens There are sampaguita flow- tion in the Philippines. which I may capture, and ers, hibiscus (gumamelas), When we organized our I get some that way occacadena-de-amor, and dif- club, the first thing which sionally. ferent varieties of roses. In we did was to elect officers. Then on Saturdays, if I the center of my garden Our teacher appointed a have no work for mother, there is a statue. Around "detective" who is not I go on a collecting trip. this statue I have roses known to the club members. One Saturday I had very growing. Near the roses This "detective" reports good luck and took many are clusters of lilies. In each those members whom he specimens in one of the of the four corners are hi- hears using the dialect at fields to which I went. biscus bushes, and along the school. The offender has to Sometimes I collect a sides are sampaguitas. pay a fine. We use the few specimens on Sundays. Each morning I gather money thus collected for And of course when we are ·flowers in my garden. Then improving our room. having vacation I have I remove any old or dry We are all interested in many a pleasant ·and suc"Jeaves. I fill a vase full of our club, and it is a success- cessful collecting trip. flowers which I am careful ful organization. When I get some specimens I put them in a large to arrange attractively. In Arrangement. These sug- glass containeF. This conthe March, 1940, number of gestions help me to make tains a chemical which kills THE YOUNG CITIZEN I · a mce arrangement of my them quickly and painlessread Suggest~ons on Flower cut flowers. (Please turn to page 437.) THE YOUNG CITIZEN November, 1940 NORBERTO TOOK CARE BOOKMAKING SAN CARLOS NEWS (Continued from page 417) (Conti~ued from page 425) (Continued form page 412) that evening, he stood under were copies of Greek and We shall have a program them and looked up at their Latin classics, as well as on Thanksgiving Day. bright colors. They had Bibles and other church We will all be thankful. never looked more beauti- books written in Latin. On We all want to ~e good ful. He took them down, page 424 is shown a picture citizens. and put them carefully into of one of these old "illumin- We are going to do our the box. ated" books. very best each day. When Norberto's father In ·the I Ith century, pa- We are always glad to came home the next day, he per made from linen rags have visitors.· brought two new· flags, an began to find its way into Welcome, .everyone! American flag and a Fili- Europe from the Orient. After the pupils had read pino flag.· He gave them to The use of such paper in~ the first "issue" of The San Norberto. er.eased rapidly after the Carlos News, Miss Merca"You may present these invention of printing, for it der said, "I think that is a to your school, my son,'' said was cheap and could be splendid beginning, . boys his father. · used easily on the printing and girls. .We shall have Norberto was very proud presses. . . our 'newspaper' each Tuesof the new flags, and he and Before the invention of day and · Friday mornthe other. boy scouts took printing from movable ing." good care of them.' types, small religious books That is the way Thi San "By taking good care of were sometimes printed Carlos News was started in the school flags and hoisting from solid blocks of wood. the S an C a r Io s Barrio and lowering them proper- These blocks of wood were· School. ly,'' said Norberto to the the size of t~e page, and Every boy and girl in other scouts, "we are ren- consisted mostly of pictures, that room thinks it is a very dering a service to oilr with perhaps a small good "newspaper." country. My father said amount of lettering en- Perhaps· you can have a so." graved at the bottom. "newspaper" in yout room. I think what Norberto's The method of printing if you will ask your teac.her; father said is true. Don't from movable types is----------you? called typo9raph. The first signed beautiful types and book printed from movable printed exquisite books, WHAT WOULD YOU DO type is supposed to have with elaborate coverings of I. If you were to raise the flags at sunrise? 2. If you were to lower the flags at sunset? 3. If you saw the flags had been forgotten on . the flag-poles at night? 4. If you saw the flags up during a rain? been a Bible which ap- vellum, silk, velvet, or other peared about 1453. beautiful materials, such as Early in the 16th century ivory and precious stones. the books became smaller The most famous artists in size, thinner paper was of the day made the illus-· used· for the pages, and the trations, using not only wooden boards of the cover woodcuts, but copper enwere replaced by paste- gravings, The titles of those board. Artist-printers de- (Please turn to page 439.) November~ 1940 WAGNER (Continued from page 421) THE YOUNG CITIZEN 437 THE BAT COLLECTING BUTTERFIES (Continu~d from page 423) (Continued from page 435) and another is known as -ghosts that come out of ly. Then I. arrange them The M astersinger. 'There their graves at night, ac- in my display case. I fasten were knightly singers· who cording to superstition, and each specimen securely in wandered about Germany suck the blood of human place by sticli.ing a pin during the Midde Ages. beings. Of course, this be~ through it. Sometimes these singers lief is only a superstititon- My mother admires my met in contests to decide most certainly it is not true. collection very much. So who was the best singer. An There are thousands and. do many of my. friends, and artist has painted an imagi- thousands of bats in the some of them have gone nary. scene representing a Philippines which help and into the business of collectcontest of these minnesing- benefit the Filipinos. Have ing moths and butterflies.for ers, as they 'were called. A ,you ever seen thoughtless themselves. copy. of .this picture is Filipino boys stoning or I took my collection to shown on page 421. killing a bat? Do you think school where it was on disAfter years of exile, they. should do th~t? ·cer- play. My teacher showed Wagner was permitted to tainly not. We should pro- it ·to other teachers and return to Germany. With tect the bats, for that is the pupils and the visitors who considerable difficulty he only way we can repay came to 'our school. built a theiiter in the little them for their good work. Any one living here in city of Beyreuth 0 (pro- the Philippines can make nounced bigh-roit). He which place his famous a good collection of moths called this theater his Festi- theater is still in 'use. and butterflies. There are val Playhouse, and it has I plenty of specimens here. become very famous. It REVIEW took a long time to get it built, but at last it was finished. Wagner had fulfilled his dream of the union of arts in the creation of the music-drama and the Festival Playhouse. The last opera which Wagner wrote was Parsifal which tells of a knight named Parsifal and his deeds. This was completed in 1882. Failing health caused Wagner to spend the following winter at Venice, where, in 1883, he suddenly died. He was buried at Beyreuth, at I. Tell of Richard Wagner as a boy. 2. Tell of his early study of music. 3. When he was a young man what did he do in music? 4. Why did Wagner have to leave his country? · 5. What did Wagner call his musical plays? BOOK ADVENTURE (Continued from page 418) A sinking ship, a desolate cry, Tell of men who soon will die; The pirates now have gained the .top. Hurry! Can no man make them stop? 6. What stories did he One man left to save the use in his series known as ship! The Ring of the Nibelungs? One man left! He must not 7. Name the fou·r music- slip. dramas of this series. Far into the night so late, · 8. Have you ever heard I read to learn this one any of Wagner's music? man's fate. 438 THE YOUNG CITIZEN November, 1940 THE FUNNY PAGE November~ 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 439 FIRST THANKSGIVING (The Indians and the BOOKMAKING (Continued from page 434) Pilgrims sit on long benches (Continued from page 436) thanks. We will have a at the table. As soon as all books were usually very Thanksgiving feast and ask are seated, Indian Chief long, often covering an enour Indian friends to be rises.) tire page. with us. INDIAN CHIEF: Chief Gradually there came to PILGRIM MOTHER: Yes, White Man, white friends be a wide variety of sizes let all give thanks· to God and brother's, ·we Indians of books. The smallest of for His blessings. very glad to eat with you these were no larger than a GoVERNOR: With all my like friends and brothers in postage stamp, and the heart. Now we will return great thanksgiving feast. fargest were certain church to our cabins and prepar.e a We want friendship always. books in Spain which were great Thanksgiving dinner GOVERNOR: So say we six feet high and four feet to be enj9yed two days all. (The Governor rises). wide. hence. (Pilgrims leave, car- Indian Chief, Indian broth- At about the beginning rying corn and pumpkins.) ers, and members of our of the 19th century, printCURTAIN own colony, we have set ers began to make much SCENE IV this day aside as a day in better books. Better paper which to give thanks to God was used, and the old hand P!Tac.e: TheTPilgrdim villlage. for the bouniiful . harvest printing press gave place ime: wo ays ater · d than Scene Ill. He has given us. We are to the large cyhn er pr~ss. (Under a large tree near now about to partake of a As the art of bookmaking a log cabin a big table is Tha~ksgiving din_ner. Kind has advanced, so has t~e. spread. On it may be seen Providence has given us of demand for boo~s, until roast turkeys and all things I the bounty of Heaven, and no"'.' the produc!1on and needed for a very bountiful to a gracious. Heavenly relhng of, books .'s one. of feast. As the curtain opens, Father we offer thanks. ~e the worlds great mdustnes. the Pilgrim men are stand- are grateful to o~r l~dian To continue Thy guiding about talking with each br?thers for their friend- ance and care. other, a group of Pilgrim ship and help. !"et us now We thank Thee for friendchildren are playing, and bow our h~a~s m a prayer ship and kindness, the Pilgrim women are ar- of !hanksgivmg. (All bow For the beautiful land ranging things on the tabie. their heads.) . . . that we see; · The group of Indians and (A small Pilgrim G_irl God grant we may have· their Chief enter.) steps forw~rd and recites peace and plenty GOVERNOR: Welcome, the following poem as a In the land of the brave friends, welcome to our prayer 0 1 thanks.) and the free. Amen. festive board. This is a PILGRIM GIRL: ALL PILGRIMS: Amen and feast of thanksgiving. Sit Dear Father in Heaven, we amen! at our table, one and all, thank Thee · (As the curtain closes Indian brothers and our For a bountiful harvest SLOWLY, the Pilgrims and own people, and let us par- this year; the Indians begin to partake of the food which God Our Father in Heaven, we take of the Thanksgiving has given us in abundance. ask Thee dinner.) CURTAIN 440 THE YOUNG CITIZEN November, 1940 many writers scattered all over the -Philippines who from time to time contribute good material for publication in THE YouNG CITizEN. 2,· MANY YOUNG READERS. OuR CHAT this month will be kind father and mother to care for We must have· readers for our magazine, or we. cannot exist. we are very thankful, indeed, for· the thousands of bright Filipino boys and girls who read and enjoy THE YOUNG CITIZEN. about YOU and· ~E, for the m?nth of November is just the time to write what I have in mind. You see, this is the month ·of Thanksgiving.. In some countries, especially in the U_nited States of America and the Philippines, it is the custom to observe a Day of Thanksgiving. On that day we think about the things for which we should be thankful. Often, too, in honor of the day, ~e have a delicious di.oner-a Thanksgiving Dinner. Your Editor cannot very . well provide a dinner for the thousands of readers of THE YouNG C1nZEN, hut a few things can be mentioned which should cause YOU and ME to be thankful. YOUR LIST Here are some of the things for which I believe you should be thankful on this Thanksgiving Day of 1940. The list is not complete and yoti can add some things to it, I am sure. I . Goon HEALTH. If you are enjoying good health-and most of our readers are, I believe-you should be very thankful. Good health, I think, heads the list. 2. KIND AND LoVING PARENTS. Most of you, boys and girls, have . kind and loving parents. If you will think of the many boys and gir.Js in other parts of the world ~ho ha-ve lost parents, you will be very thank:£~. that you still have a , ....... you. 3. A PEACEFUL COUNTRY. 3. MANY IN.TERESTED HELPOur country--our beloved Philip- ERS. We feel very grateful for pines-is at pe3.ce. What a bless- our many friends and helpers. ing for which to be thankful! They send us subscriptions, they 4. A Goon GOVERNMENT. No write us encouraging letters, and tyrannical government exists in the they tell their friends about THE Philippines such as some .countries YouNG CITIZEN. of the world must endure. Be 4. A· HosT OF EDUCATORS Us~ thankful for your good govern- ING OuR MAGAZINE. Hundreds ment. 5. A PROSPEROUS NATION. Our country is prosperous. There is food and shelter for all. No of teachers throughout the Islands use THE YouNG CITIZEN for supplementary material in the school room. We are thankful for this great famine. Let us be thankful host of efficient educators who for prosperity. 6. A Goon Sc HOOL. There is a good school near your home for you and other boys and girls. Let us he thankful for the splendid schools of the Philippines. 7. A PLEASANT HoME. Most of you have a pleasant and comfortable home. Certainly one should he thankful for a. nice home. Now get paper and pencil and complete your list. I know you Will think of other things for which to be thankful. OUR LIST When I said that this Chat will make use of our .magazine. 5. THE OPPORTUNITY FOR SERVICE. We are glad that we have the opportunity to serve our nation's educators and the. y~ung Filipinos of our country; we are glad that we are able to supply their need for an interesting and educational inagazine. It is no _. easy task to collect and assemble worth-while material for a magazine suitable for pupils of all ages in the elementary schools. BUt with the help of out many friends we are succeeding. We thank you, one and all. I shall end this Chat with a few be not only about YOU, hut about ME as well, of course by ME, I lines. from an old song which I meant THE YouNG CITIZEN. learned' years ago: · What a lot of things_ T,HE You NG Count your hlessingsCITlzEN has to be thar\kful for! Name them one hy one! Here are some of them. Count your many blessings!, WRITERS AND CoNTRIBU- Se~ what God hath done! TORS. We are thankful for the Goodbye.-THE EDITOR. Announcement to All Our Young Readers: Did 7ou ever do aonietbing interesting and worth while! Have 7ou bad an7 ei:pl!'rience in doi11c any of the following: (1) Collecting Pbilippiiie Shelli, (2) Hunting TuJ1.le1, (8) Exploring a Volcano, (4) Catching Sharks, (6) M:aldnc an Aquarium, (8) Collecting Postage Stamps, (7) Visiting Famous Cburchea of t.b.t Philippinea, (8) Maldng a Garden, (9) Raisinc Flowers, (10) Making Candiea, (11) Buildinc a Sail Boat, (12) Banting for Wild Animals, (13) Baking Bread or Cakea, (U) Making Articlea of Clothing, (16) Making Articles of Furniture, -(18) Villittn1 the Aquarhtm in Manila, (1'1) Collecting Jloths and Butterflies, (18) Collectln1 Interesting Botanical Specimens, (19) Raising Orehida, (20) Visiting Primitive Peoples in the Phllippin1!1, or doing many other interesting things. WRITE ABOUT IT IN A SHORT COMPOSITION .. Send your composition to Tl>e Young Citi111n. Each month the Editor of The Youiig Citizen will publish a1 many of the best compositions u sp~e will permit. If you·r composition is accepted for publication, you will become •member of The What·An·You·Dolng? Club. The rules for securing membership are 1imple. OBSERVE THE FOLLOWING RULES: 1. Write about something interesting which you have done, such u the above titles suggest. Do not write a story which is not true. If your 1tory la accepted, you are a member ef the Club. 2. On your composition write your name and addreu VERY PLAINLY. a. State your age. (. Tell what you liked best in recent issll'.i!B·- of T/&• Young Citizen. Address all letters to: The What-Are-You-Doinr T Club Care of Community Publishers, Inc. Publishers of The Younr Citizen P. 0. Bo:r 685, Manila, Philippines -1 .! i