The Young Citizen: The Magazine for Young People

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Part of The Young Citizen: The Magazine for Young People

Title: The Young Citizen: The Magazine for Young People
Issue Date: Volume 6 (Issue No. 12) December 1940
Year: 1940
Language: English
Rights
extracted text: Announcement to All Writers: - 0 - - - - - We Will Pay You for writing articlea of merit for publication in THE YOUNG CITIZEN. We w•nt iaterelllting children's ~tories from 200 to 500 · word9 in length; also ga·mes, rnding devict"1, anicles of historical interen, elementary tcieoce and health articles, puzzlt', jokrs, :1nd playleta. Wt also wish to buy sC\'Ctl!-1 good serial stories. lnterestiug stories less than 200 words in lengcb are de:tire(l for Little feople. 'You can add to your income by writing for UL Primary Teachers: We especially deaire various kinds Of interesting material suitable for Flnt:, Second. and Third Grade Pupils. We will pay teachers and others for mRtnit1l whirh we can use. Each article should he written in clear, easr, correct English, on one side of the paper, trpewrltten if possible, or written hr hand neatly and legibly. The article should be submitted with a sclf-:idd,·essed stamped envelo.,C1 otherwise the puhlisliers will not return it to the u•rite1 in case it cannot be used, Address all eommunreations to: The Managing Editor The Young Citizen ·Care of Community Publishers, Inc. P. O. Box 685. Manila, Philippines • ~ ~•iii44llMM\«-,M\i1ttlfl'.m1'}1\tiliMltlfl!f\n:'.'\,"1 'ml'\'l~i'iW'm:lll:!lilm'!!lnll'l!!l\lirll\'tl\lmJ!m!ll , • For First Graders Christmas Numbers ••• , . , .... , .. , , , .. A Christmas Page for a Good Reader • , . . .. 445 • For ,Second Graders Drawing Santa and his Children ... Coloring Santa and his Children .. H6 4+7 • For Third Graders A Great Filipino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448 The First Nowell •.•.....•...... ' ........ :............ . . 44:!.-·"" • Stories /rhe Ma~o.nna of the Chair ............... / •...... 'Iii.When Rizal Was a Boy-Carlos Agntep .............. . Christmas Gold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............... . My Boyhood Christmas-Ramon D. Bruu ............... . The Christmas Spirit ("A: Playlet)-Paruita Florts .....•. 4ll 452 4S3 . .. '56 • Poems How Do I Know It's Christmas?-Se/ecttd . . . . . . . . . . . . • • . • • . . . . . . . . . . . 443 The Christmas Star-Antonie M. Manoag ... , , ... , . . . . . . . . . . . . 459 Three Wise Men-Stltettd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459 Gifts~tltcttd •.............. ........................... 459 Christmas Everywhere-Angtl P. Campoy , . , .• , •. , ... , . • . . . . . . 4S9 Bright Star of Christmas-Stltcttd ..................... · .- . 459 • Character and Citizenship The Meaning of Christmas-Dr. I. Panlasigua • • • . . . • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • -442 • Elementary Science · Mother Camel and her Baby ..... . The Ship of the Desert .......... . 4SO . .. • JHistory . I . 1 ~~: ~i1{ o~ii9z:1~1:;::~,;~~· G: 'G~~i~~~~; "J;. ·: 466 468 • Music Appreciation When Good Old Kris Comes 'Round-Harry C. Eldridge . . . . . . . . • . . . . . 460 Brahms~ Intellectual Composer-Bert Pau.I Osbon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . 462 Writing a Christmas Song ....... , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470 • Work and Play A Puppet Theater for Christmas . . . . . . . . . 4-71 Making Candies , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +73 A Visit to Dapitan-Jostftna F. Alvarez . . .. • . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . +7S ~~:ctfc~~;t~a; ~1;:;-f:s~~:!.N:i;'io;;'::::::::::::::::::::::: ·::::::: . :;! The Funny Page ..... , , , , , ...... , , ..... , , ........ , ..... , . , , , , , ... , . . 478 Chats with the Editor .................... : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480 " ... ",.,....~_S·~c~1u~~.~~1r'1J'~'!ren~t ~~· 3.!i~:C: t~~·o:•~ta.1:.'81~~:: Joa~ B. Bomsro,· Manastna Edltorl Bert Pffl Osbon: Contributlnl · and Qufric'O A,. C"": Staff Ania: P«ha Papia; BuiaeH Manapr: : Pa.oo for one ~-of 12 ia!Uffl sa.oo In the United Statetr and foreip le COPJ', 80 eentavos. S.ltKri,:itions •re to b• paid to Comm11nft11 hbJNMrs. lwo. TH!; MAGAZIN!; i=OR YOUNG P~OPL!; THE YOUNG CITIZEN December, 1940 ~li"'06<? ..... </?<6"1 ..... «i'""...,,,...,,,,..'!.«i"<ll.""7"'"""",..,,.,,,. ..... 1?'<!""6' .......... ...,.,. l THE MESSAGE THIS MONTH THE MEANING OF CHRISTMAS This is December. It is the happiest month of the .· year. December means Christmas. In December everybody feels the Christmas spirit. The stores have Christmas decorations. Christmas is the season for gifts. Everybody likes to give gifts. Children like to receive Christmas gifts. To them Christmas means receiving gifts. The first Christmas took place many years ago. It was the birthday of Jesus, the Son of God. Jesus was the gift of God to all men. Jesus taught people how to live happily wilh themselves and with other peoples. He taught us how to love our fellow men. He taught us how to be kind. Jesus was the gift of God to men on the first Christmas Day. From that time on people have been giving gifts to one another. We feel happy when we receive gifts. We should also be happy when we give gifts.· Maria has many friends. She prepared gifts for every one of her friends. ,She said to herself: "I'm going to give Christmas presents to all my friends. Then, I hope every one of them will also give me Christmas presents." Before Christmas Maria gave her Christmas presents to all her friends. Her friends were very happy. They said, "Maria is very good to us. She gave us Christmas presents." When Christmas came Maria did not receive a singl~ Christmas present from her friends. Suppose you were Maria, how would you feel? Would you enjoy the Christmas spirit? What is the meaning of Christmas to you? -DR; l. -PANLASIGUI ,December, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN A POEM FOR THIS MONTH HOW DO I KNOW IT'S CHRISTMAS? How do I know it's Christmas?Someone asked me today, So I am going to tell you Of the signs along the way. I hear the merry, ·merry bells Ring out in accents clear, That tell to all the waiting earth Glad Christmas time is here. I see the stars that brightly gleam In skies so blue above, And then I think of one that shone To tell us of God's love. I hear the children's voices sing Sweet carols once again, And so I think how angels sang Of peace, good will to men. I see the candles gleaming now From windows far and near; They, too, bear us the message -t- That Christmas time is here. · 1 l How do I know it's Christmas? Christmas is in the air; I feel its presence all around~ 'Tis Christmas ev'rywhere. ~ ~ -Select"'1.. 443 444 THE YOUNG CITIZEN FOR FIRST GRADERS CHRISTMAS NUMBERS How many lovely Christmas trees are in the first picture? - - How many dear old Santas are in the second picture? - - . How many Christmas trees and Santas are .there together? - - How many bright stars are there in the third picture? - - How many pretty Christmas wreaths are there in 'the fourth picture? How many stars and wreaths are there together? - - How many Christmas trees and stars are there together? - - How many Santas and Christmas wreaths are there together?--.How many more trees· than Santas are there? - - How many more stars than wreaths are there? - - Can you draw 2 Christmas trees? Can you draw one Santa? Can ·you draw 6 stars? Decem~er, 1940 December, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN FOR FIRST GRADERS A CHRISTMAS PAGE FOR A GOOD READER I like Christmas. I am very happy then. Santa brings me toys. He puts toys for me on the Christmas tree. On Christmas Eve I go to church. I go with Mother. There is a big star in the church. It looks pretty. We have a good dinner on Christmas Day. We all eat very much. After dinner we play with our new toys. We sing Christmas songs, too. Mother tells us the story of Jesus. It is a nice story. Christmas is the best day of the year. 445 THE YOUNG CITIZEN December~ 1940 FOR SECOND GRADERS 0 O~o 0 0 o. DRAWING SANTA AND HIS CHILDREN Ask Mother or Teacher to read this to you and help you. First, draw a ring for Santa's head, just as you see in the top picture. · Then draw 5 more rings for the childr;en's heads. Place them as you see in the second picture. Next, draw Santa's face and cap. Now draw the children's heads. Draw hair, eyes, caps, and hair ribbon just as you see in the third picture. Next, draw Santa's shoulders. Place a collar and a big button on his' coat. Then draw the dress on the girl in the center, and clothes on the other children. Next, draw arms and legs and shoes. Put a sash on the dress of the girl at the right. Now you have Santa and his children. December, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN FOR SECOND GRADERS COLORING SANTA AND HIS CHILDREN Again ask Mother or Teacher to read this to you and help you. Of course you will want to color your picture of Santa and his children~ But first draw a background for the picture or for two pictures. In one have two toys; in the other a toy-shop. Color the toys yellow. Color Santa's clothes red. Color the top of his cap red, too. Make black or brown spots or stripes on the clothes of three of the children. Color the Christmas tree green, and the shelves of the toyshop blue. 447 THE YOUNG CITIZEN December~ 1940 FOR THIRD GRADERS A GREAT FILIPINO WHEN Jose Rizal was very small, he wanted to read. His mother was his teacher when he was three years old. When he was older, he went to a school. He worked hard at his lessons. He was a good boy. He grew up to be a good man. He loved the Philippines and tried hard to make this a great country. He died for his country. Jose Rizal was a great Filipino: SOMETHING TO TALK ABOUT DID YOU ever mail a letter? Did Whose picture is on a two-peso you stick a two-centavo stamp on bill? your letter? Whose picture is on a two-centavo stamp? Why is Rizal's picture on a Philippine postage stamp? Why is his Have you ever seen "paper money"? picture on Ph i.1 i pp in e. "paper Have you seen a two-peso bill? money"? OH, Rizal! Oh, Rizal! Today we sing of you. Oh, Rizal! Oh, Rizal! So noble, good, and true. JOSE RIZAL Oh, Rizal! Oh, Rizal! We want to be liil;e you. Oh, Rizal! Oh, Rizal! We love our country too. December, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN FOR THIRD GRADERS THE FIRST NOWELL * THE first Nowell the angel did say Was to certain poor shepherds in fields as they lay .... They looked up and saw a star Shining in the east, beyond them far .... And by the light of that same star Three wiSe men came from country far; To seek for a King was their intent, And to follow the star where ever it went. •Nod is a French word meaning Christmas. Songs for Christmas were known as N oe/s Nowells,- in English they were called carols. KEEPING CHRISTMAS 449 WHEN we keep Christmas we you give or receive a Christmas honor the birthday of Jesus. We present? give presents to each other, because Or have you forgotten why we all Jesus was a great Gift to the keep Christmas? world. Let us remember that Christmas Do you always think of Jesus when is a holy day. SOMETHING TO THINK ABOUT How can I help the poor and the Do I just want to get many presneedy at Christmas time? ents at Christmas, or does it make me happier to give than to receive? How can I make some boy or girl or· grown-up happy at Christmas? What is the meaning of Christmas? 450 THE YOUNG CITIZEN December, 1940 MOTHER CAMEL AND HER BABY · THE BABY CAMEL in this picture is only five hours old. He can stand on his four legs and hold his head up. It will take five years for him to grow up. When he is grown he will have a hump like his mother. The hump is made of fat. This hump helps to feed the camel when he can get no other food. At the end of a long journey the hump will be nearly gone. Camels have pads on their feet. These pads keep them from sinking in the sand of the desert. They have long eyelashes which keep the blowing sand out of their eyes. The camel can go a long time without water. They have a place in their stomachs to store water. Camel's milk is used for. food. The camel with one hump, like the one shown in the picture, is called a dromedary. Camels live in warm countries. They are used to travel. We ·are told that each of the three Wise Men who went to see the Baby Jesus soon after He was 'born in Bethlehem rode on a camel. So 'we often see pictures of camels at Christmas time. December, 1940. THE YOUNG CITIZEN 451 LITTLE STORIES FOR LITTLE PEOPLE THE MADONNA OF THE CHAffi MANY YEARS AGO there was a great artist who painted many wonderful pictures. His name was Raphael Santi. One of the famous pictures which Raphael painted is .shown on this page. It is a picture of the Christ Child whose birthday we celebrate at Christmas time. He i.s not shown as a tiny baby in thi.s picture, b\lt as a little fellow who has learned to crawl and to walk. He is listening very quietly while His mother, Mary, tells Him of the time the shepherds left their flocks and came to see Him, of the star that shone over the manger where. He lay, and of the song that .the angels sang. duced on this page. In the picture which Raphael painted there is an Italian scarf with its lovely design draped beautifully over Mary's shoulders. On her head she "'ears another. Her blue robe looks very· pleasing beside the golden dress of the young Jesus. And our eyes are carried right to the place of gr·eatest interest in the picture-the faces of Mary and J esu.s. Perhaps some day you can .see the original painting of the Madonna of the Chair just as Raphael painted it. SOMETHING TO THINK ABOUT I. Has ·the artist Raphael helped you to feel that Jesus was once a little child just like you? · This picture is called "The Madonna of the Chair," and this is the very delightful s tor y about it : Long ago, in a doorway of a .simple cottage in Italy, the young artThe A1adonna of the Chair 2. Do you think it wa.s a beautiful idea to have used a real mother with her baby as the subjects for the ·Madonist, Raphael, saw a mother holding her baby son, while beside her a young child looked up in love and wonder. This made the artist think of the holy Madonna--,-Mary, the mother of Jesuswith the Christ Child and His young cousin John. Quickly the artist made a charcoal sketch upon the top of a barrel. When he reached his studio he finished it with glowing colors. And that is the story of the picture which you see reprona and the Christ Child? 3. Can you tell why you like to celebrate the Chri.st Child's birthday and what you believe is the most beautiful way that you can do it? 4. Do you know of any other paintings which are suitable for Christmas and which were ma.de by famous artists? What are the pictures? Who were the artists? 452 THE YOUNG CITIZEN D1eember, 1940 WHEN RIZAL WAS A BOY By CARLOS AGATEP (IO YEARS OLD) WHAT KIND of a boy was ] ose Rizal? Let us see. When Jose Rizal was yet a very small boy, he listened to his mother teaching his older sister. From them he learned his alphabet, so he could read, he said. Thus we know that from the time he was a very young child, he wanted to learn things. We know that he was a kind boy, too. He owned a pony and a pet dog. He loved his pets very much, and always treated them well. He never beat them, but always saw that they had good food and a good place to sleep~ He liked io watch, birds and animals. He did not hurt them, as some little boys do. He liked to draw pictures of birds and animals. Sometimes he made figures of animals out of wax or clay. So we know he was a nature lover and an artist. ] ose was not a strong boy, but he liked to take Jong walks with his dog. He enjoyed riding his pony. Sometimes on pleasant nights he used to sleep on a pile of straw in the rice fields, in order ''to look at the stars." He was nine years old when his father sent him to another town to go to school. After he had been there a few months, his teacher said, "Jose, go home and ask your parents to send you to Manila to school." ~'You are very young to go to Manila," his father said when he asked him, but his patents finally permitted the boy to go to the big city. It was a cool, rainy day when Jose left his home· to.go to Manila. ·Thero were no busses or automobiles then, and he travelled a long time before he reached the city. It seemed to him that he was going very far away from his father and mother. But he was not afraid, for he was a brave little boy. So we see that when ] ose Rizal was a little boy, he began to be like the man ] ose Rizal. He started to be a great man when he was yet a boy. .CHOOSING THE RIGHT WORD I. ] ose Rizal listened to h i s - teaching his older sister. 2. He liked birds and ---. 3. He drew pictures of animals and ---- when he saw them. 4. He was ---- years old when he went to another town to go to school. 5. Later he went to school in-· ---.. 6. "You are very---· to go to Manila," his father said. 7. His---- finally permitted him to go. 8. He was not ----, for he was a - - - little boy. · - 9. He started to be a great - - - when he was yet a little ----. Decemhe1·, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 453 READING TIME FOR YOUNG FOLKS CHRISTMAS GOLD A Story of Cliristmas Magic Tlie CJi,.istmrts Fairr /inti t11r11et! the we!J i11to sparkli119 gold. ONCE upon a time it was the night before Christmas, and the woman of the house had cleaned everything from top to bot- · tom, making ready for that fair day. There was not a fleck of dust in crack or cranny. There was no smudge of ashes on pot or pan. There was neither bat in the attic nor beetle in the storehouse nor mouse in the pantry. At midnight the Christmas Fairy was coming to bless the house, and there was not a thing anywhere that the good woman could scrub or mop or chase away. Except one! In the farthest corner of the big room where stood the Christmas. tree was a little spider, who had somehow escaped the good woman's broom and brush. "How clean and fine the room is tonight!" said the little spider to himself. "I don't believe I have ever seen it quite so fine before." Little did he know that he himself was the only thing amiss in all the house! "How glad I am to be here tonight!" continued the little spider. For a long time he hid in his corner without moving. Deeper and deeper grew the stillness of the house. "I must run about arid .see what I can see!" he exclaimed at last, and in a second he was stepping quickly over the floor · bn his long legs. The first thing he saw was the Christmas tree, standing beautiful and green and fragrant in the center of the room. "How lovely!" said the little spider, and in an instant he was halfway up the tree. · "How big it is!" he exclaimed, as he circled the great tree. "How wide its spreading branches! And how sweet its strange perfume! Its top points high toward heaven! And how beautiful is that great star!" Over the tree the Ii ttle spider ran, over every branch of it, missing ·not the tiniest tip of the tiniest twig on the tree. Then back to his corner he scurried, and was fast asleep in a minute. Alas and alack! When he had gone the big tree was covered from top to bottom with an ugly web of gray-a spider web. It was midnight, and into the house came the Christmas Fairy ·on her rosy feet. Her hands were like white lilies and her hair was yellow as honey. (Please turn to page 474.) 454 THE YOUNG CITIZEN December, 1940 MY BOYHOOD CHRISTMAS By RAMON D. BUCU • Our teacher said, ''My heart shall be full of /of!e for' you." ABOUT fifteen years ago, I was a pupil in the fifth grade. The little barrio school where I finished my primary schooling was tidied up and decorated with palm leaves, red and green paper festoons, and lanterns of various shapes and with many kinds of decorations. All around there was the delightful noise of the Christmas season. It was the last day of school before the Christmas vacation. The children, arrayed in their new spick-and-span clothes, were in holiday mood. That afternoon we were going to have a program. Our parents and neighbors were invited to see the most interesting event of the barrio-the annual Christmas program at the barrio school. There were to be Christmas carols, poems, a •Teacher, T. Earnshaw Elementary School, Manila. drama of the Nativity, and inspiring messages by our teachers. When the time came for the program, everyone in the whole barrio was there. One by one the numbers of the program were rendered with the noisy approval of the people who knew little of· what we were talking about. I recited a poem. I was very nervous, but I saw my father pointing at me with pride to his openmouthed friends. Finally came the Christmas message of our teacher. I understood clearly everything he said. The· gentleness, the . goodwill, the warmth of his words found ·a place in my heart. "Children," he began, "you have good cause to rejoice on Christmas Day. Christ, our Lord, is born, and with His birth each one in this world receives a Gift whether he expects one or not." Our teacher said, as he closed his message, these words which I cannot forget: "Boys and girls, I have not much to give you at this Christmas season. I am poor like many of you. But I freely give you the dearest of my treasures---my heart which shall always be full of love for you." 1 '· . We all clapped our hands. The old folks shook hands with .our teacher, for he was their idol. ,\fterwards we sang a Christmas hymn. 'then followed the exchange of gifts. I was not interested in this, for I did not expect to receive any present and had none to give. I slipped away unnoticed while my classmates received their gifts. · I soon reached our nipa house. Everybody was gone. I sat down to think. I thought of several things. I thought of December, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 455 the great Gift, Jesus the Son of God, the Gift our teacher said everyone would receive. I thought, too, of my dear sick mother, who, three months before, had been taken by my sisters to a place where she could receive medical treatment. I missed her a great deal. The house had been lonely since she had left. I got some cooking utensils and cooked our simple meal. Father had caught some. mud fish. I cleaned them and cooked them over the red hot embers. When they were cooked, I put them on a plate and set them aside. The sun was going dol"n and I could see the shadows of the bamboos lengthening. At dusk father came home on our one and only carabao . myself ready to go to my godparents and relatives. I had just gone down the bamboo stairs when I heard the voice of my sister calling on the other side of the nearby river. She shouted, "Father, father, bri.ng us a ban ca so that we can cross." I ran as fast as I could to father. Father borrowed a banca and paddled across the river. After a few minutes I saw my .dear mother. She was no longer sick. She could walk very well now. I ran to her and kissed her hand. Hi;iw glad she was' to see me! . I fixe1l our kerosene lamp. Then I arranged the table, and soon we were eating our supper. That night I l1ad received a fJery precious gift-my mother. We reached ·the house. Several of our neighbors were there to welcome mother. Everyone was glad to see her come back home. How happy I was! I was happier than anybody else, for I had received a very precious Christmas gift-the I said my usual prayer before I went to bed. Before long I was in the sweet sleep of childhood. There were seven days left before Christinas Day. I watched them. come and go. At last it was Christmas Eve. I recalled how mother . had cooked suman the year before. I wanted mother. I wanted her very much. The next morning-Christmas morning-our neighbors went to the church to hear the mass. After breakfast I got return of my dear mother. SOME QUESTIONS I. Why were the children in the barrio school excited perhaps? 2. Have you ever attended a barrio school? 3. Have you taken part in school programs like this one? · 4. What did this teacher say to his pupils? (Please turn to pagt 474.) 456 THE YOUNG CITIZEN December, 1940 THE CHRISTMAS SPIRIT A Christmas Play/et ADAPTED BY_ PANCITA FWRES CHARACTERS AND COSTUMES JUAN, twelve years old PEDRO, age five or six CRISTETA, age ten ANA, nearly eight years old CHRISTMAS SINGERS THE CHRISTMAS SPIRIT The children wear everyday clothes. The singers wear choir vestments of black gowns and "white surplices. The Christmas Spirit is neatly dressed and is always smiling. SETTING The children are in the sala of their home wrapping Christmas presents. It is not a grand room, and the furniture has been used a long time. There is a litter of colored paper, ribbon, and little cards for labeling gifts. A Christmas tree stands in an important place in the room. THE PLAY JUAN (carefully tying a bow on the top of a large package) : Blue paper and a yellow ribbon! I like that best of all for tying Christmas presents. It, makes me think of stars and the sky. PEDRO: I want bl~e paper for one of my packages, too; Juan. Help me tie a · package with blue paper and a yellow ribbon. CRISTETA: Wait a minute, brother Pedro. Sister will he! p you tie your packages. Come here and let me see what· you have. ( Cristeta drops her work and begins to help her small brother.) ANA: See, Teta ! I'm wraj>pipg ·mine in green. Green j>aper for Christmas trees! And white ribbon for the Christmas Spirit which our teacher told us about. PEDRO: i want to l!l'rap Grand.mother's present in red. I like red best of all. Red with a silver bow! CRISTETA: All right, brother.· One in blue, one in red, and one. in yellow! JUAN: Hurry, Ana. We are alt" finished but you. Here! Write your cards and then we're through. CRISTETA: Now we will pile them under the tree so that they will be all ready when Daddy and Mother and Grandmother come home. ANA: This is the most beautiful tree we ever had in all our lives. CRISTETA: We've never had one so lovely as this! PEDRO (clapping his hands and run• . ning around the room) : Oh, the Christ-' mas tree! The Christmas tree! . JUAN (ari·anging the wrapped presenis about the bottom of the tree): They look pretty nice! Don't they? CRISTETA (clapping her hands in joy): Oh, beautiful! JUAN: I can just see Daddy's eyes shine when he opens his presents .. CRISTETA: And Mother's, too! ANA: I made the picture frame for· Mother all myself. PEDRO: My package for Mother has . a beautiful gold ring in it. JUAN: A gold ring! Why, that's-CRISTETA (stopping him with a sisterly look of warning): Of course, brother. Of course you have a '.gold ring for Mother. A gold ring is the most beautiful present in all the world for a lady. ANA: Sometime I'm going to buy December, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 457 Mother a beautiful silk dress for Christmas. And I'll buy a new dress for Grandmother, too. JUAN: And for Dad a big automobile. PEDRO: And a fire engine! (Older children bunt into lnughtei·.) ANA: Pedro! What would Father want with a fire engine? PEDRO: WellCRISTETA (with another sisterly look of warning) : Daddy would just love a fire engine, · Pedro. But he'll like the little book you made for him just as well. JUAN: Of ·course! PEDRO (skipping about the r o o m.) : I made it all myself. Really and truly! JUAN: They're coming nearer every minute. They'll soon be here. ANA: Oh, I love the Christmas singing almost the best of all the Christmas things! PEDRO: I'm going to be a Christmas singer, too, when I'm big. (The singers can be heard very plainly,, singing outside. The singing continues fo1· a few moments. The children ·listen quietly until it ceases.) CRISTETA: Go and invite them to come in, Juan. That's the way Mother does. I'll get some cakes. (Cristeta leavu the room. Juan go es to the door.) J U A N: Won't vou all com~ in? Your singing was beautiful. J U AN: (jumping to his feet) : We almost forgot the Christmas Wherever tht're is Christmas joy, there is the Clrristmas Spirit. (The Chorus of Christmas Singers enter. With them is a tall, neatly ·dressed, smiling youth. His manner is extraordinarily gay and j-0yous, and his face fairly shines with smiles. He keeps constantly ·in the background, and seems to be unnoticed by all.) candle. The Christmas singers will be here before we know it. If there is no light in the window they will pass us by. CRISTETA (running to help): Oh, we must not forget the Christmas candle. (The children place a large lighted candle in the window. As they do this, singing is heard in the di.rtance, growing louder as they listen. They are singing a Christmas song.) ANA: We were just in time. JUAN (to the Singers): Won't you sing us a Christmas song? ONE OF THE SINGERS: "Yes, indeed. (The Chorus of Christmas Singers form a group and they sing "When Good Old Kris Comes 'Round," page 460 of this is458 THE YOUNG CITIZEN December, 1940 sue of THE YOUNG CITIZEN. The chi/- pulling him gently into the center of the dren listen carefully.) room): Merry Christmas! Merry ChristJUAN (after the song is finished) : mas! This is Christmas eve, and tomorThank you very much. That is a real row is Christmas morning. Did you jolly Christmas song. It makes me think know that? the Christmas Spirit is right here with JUAN (half laughing): Would you us. (The young man-the Christmas mind telling us where you came· from, Spirit-smiles and then chuckles to him- please, sir? self.) Now, won't you all sit down and CRISTETA: We are very glad you are eat some cakes. Do you like cakes? I here, sir, but we really would like very like them best of all the Christqias treats. much to know how you came. ONE OF THE SINGERS: Indeed we do THE SPIRIT OF CHRISTMAS: I came like cakes. Thank you very much. here with the Christmas singers. I was ( Cristeta passes a plate of.cakes to the loed here 'by your Christmas candlelight. singers, who stand or sit around the room And your' Christmas packages and Christwhile eating.) mas tree caused me to want to stay here. ANOTHER SINGER: My! these cakes Merry·Christmas! a.re good! JUAN: Thank you very much. CRISTETA: And so was your song! A~A: We are so happy. about our JUAN: I do wish Mother and Father Christmas presents for Mother and and Grandmother were here to hear you Grandmother and Daddy! sing. They have gone down to the vii- • THE SPIRIT OF CHRISTMAS: That is !age to do some last minute Christmas just why I am here. shopping. · PEDRO: I have a gold ring for MothANOTHER SINGER: We are sorry they er. are not here. We would lo\lle to sing for . CRISTETA: It isn't really and truly them. (Everybody smiles and looks gold, sir, but Bedro is just as happy as happy, especially the Christmas Spirit.) though it were. And now we must be on our way. We ANA: We are glad you are here. have to go many places to sing. Please stay with us. (The Christmas Singers all go out, but PEDRO (running to the young man with the Spirit of Christmas remains.) a cake in his hand): Here is the· nicest SPIRIT OF CHRISTMAS: Good evoening, cake on the plate. It is for you!. children. Good evening, and Merry THE SPIRIT OF CHRISTMAS: How nice· Christmas to you al!"! it is to be here I But, of course, I knew (The children start.in astonishment as what I would find. It has never failed. they see, for the first time, ·the young JUAN: What do you mean? I don't man-the Spirit of Christmas-in their understand. midst.) THE SPIRIT OF CHRISTMAS: Why, it's JUAN: Why-er-why-who are you? like this, my young friends. Every ChristCRJSTETA: Good evening, sir. Woe- mas Eve I go out into the night to listen ANA: We didn't see you until this for the call of Christmas joy. I listen very minute. and I follow. Into places high and places PEDRO (running to the young man and (Please turn to page 472.) December, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 459 CHRISTMAS POEMS The Christmas Star By ANTONIO M. MANAOG * THY RAYS, 0 wondrous Star, at night Did guide the three kings on their flight; Rich gifts they came to ·offer Him, The new born Prince in Bethlehem. And like those kings, 0 Christmas Star, We seek thy radiance from afar, To light dark hearts and saddened eyes; Shine on, 0 Star, from out the skies. * * * The Three Wise Men THERE were three kingly wise men Who came from far away, To see the little Je.sus sleeping In the manger on the hay. 'Twas in the shining starlight Their camels trotted all the way, To see the little Jesus sleeping In the manger on the hay. -Selected * * * Gifts GIFTS I have not of silver or jewels, But songs I will sing to that first Christmas Day; Sweet thoughts of love and of joy I am bringing To the dear little Baby asleep on the hay, -Selected • Teacher, Balaogan Public School, Bula, Camarines Sur. Christmas Everywhere By ANGEL V. CAMPOY* CHRISTMAS in the country, Christmas in the town, Christmas in the city, Christmas all around. People all are happy, Everybody's gay, Children all are merry, On this Christmas day. Angels in the heavens Sang hymns of lofty cheer, To tell to all the people That Christ, our Lord, is here. * * * Bright Star of Christmas BRIGHT star of Christmas, The shepherds have seen you tonight; Bright star of Christmas, The wise men will follow your light. Over the stable where sheep and cattle lay, Star brightly shining, You bring the Christmas Day. Low in a manger The Bethlehem Ba be they found; Though they be strangers, He smiles at them kneeling round. Gifts they will bring Him; Then up and on their way Filled with the wonder Of that first Christmas Day. ·-Selected •Formerly Head Teacher, Maslog Primary School,· Sibulan, Oriental Negros. THE YOUNG CITIZEN December~ 1940 WHEN 6000 OLD KR.IS CO~ES.ROUND Afoo'erofo now shul rou\e from niqhl ho~ HARRY C. ELDRIOGE Dream of sleds ... oTld. w~~-doll heads, And toys lhey love lhe , best~ Just hall dre'led,they do their be\\:. To mon - u- foe-lure noise . . _Doll ~11 cf'ock-ed, clean drel\ black-ed, Drum-head: torn o-woy; Bv ond by, V<ZT'-y 5ly, A jol-ly -fe1-low'come1,:· Oli, who~ fun, they've l:ie,-qun Their slocl<.-incis to Un-load, Gun wont shoot; 'horn wonl iool, Blocks all lost but: ten: _ Decem/Jer, 1940 A .. l THE YOUNG CITIZEN ' '--3 - . •' And ptJll~ oul doll~ or1d drum~. To o b~iqli\ tin hop-pinq tood. Old KT'1$ will ~om~ a~ ~in. tT II' .Y. y .If' Si' qlad yo,u'•e-come1 Torwhila ~r•.:ar Sii.ile 0 jol - ly Old Soinl Nie.I< 1 l'he world;~ ". I Iv ~ ~f'.~ .. .. .. . .. .... r v "' ... - I ' ,_, " - -; ~ ..,,. ~ ... :i= -- - I t(·~ . .c ;~ ~ - -· rn lt.7 11• .. Ii':' . • &fu ·' ,If' .. cha~-e~ l~or; And •un-<hitie liqhl\ the l.ome. f, 1 well llie & ock-inq,And leo•e will,. A ... ·• - ·- o l I . It! ir-' .. - . '1i , ............. '1~1.J ., -... ... - I ' : ..... : - ... ~ ...-,.~ ..,. '"~ . " ,. '" . lo/ OU~ a $.OUf'ld; N~· qi•l o~b~~lhrill;.,.i\h~Ylhen~IJKriuomas':ound. A - -· ~ ·-~.. ,._ .. l'. . .-. ......... -. i .' ·-· II • """"' - :e-i7' - - - ' l .. ......... ,~ ..·.;.._ -·-' .. ,~ \ . J;.""' ..... """''- ·.:~ THE YOUNG .CITIZEN Dmmber, 1940 MUSIC APPRECIATION SECTION GREAT COMPOSERS OF MUSIC By BERT PAUL OSBON• X. BRAHMS, INTELLECTUAL COMPOSER Brahms in Earlier Life THERE is a As a boy, Brahms' first teacher in group of three music was his father. Later he studied of the world's with other music teachers, who gave him greatest mu· excellent training in piano-playing and sical compos· music-writing. His regular schooling ers who are and his study of music went steadily for. known as "the ward, and his strong desire for writing three B's." music was carefully developed. T h e y a r e Opportunity knocked at the door of Bach, Bee· the youthful Brahms when Remenyi thoven, and (ray-men-yee), a famous Hungarian Brahms. You violinist, took the twenty-year old boy h ave r ea d on tour as an accompanist. Through this perhaps about . great vielinist Brahms learned the gypsy Bach, "the mefodies which he later used in his well· father of modern music" in the January, known compositions known as Hungarian 19+0, issue. of THE YOUNG CITIZEN, and Dances. about Beethoven, the. musical genius, in . Brahms was a youth in Germany when the July, 1940, issue. Now you shall Liszt and Schumann were leaders in the learn about Brahms, the third of "the musical world. (Liszt is mentioned in three B's," who, as a musical composer, .the November, 1940, issue of THE YOUNG was, indeed, a most intellectual composer. CITIZEN in the Music Appreciation Sec· Brahms was an intellectual genius. tion, and there is an article on Schumann In listening to his great symphonies in the September, ·1940, issue.) one must pay very close attention to the You will remember, perhaps, that music and listen as hard as he can Schumann was a music critic. It was Johannes Br;hms (pronounc~d yo· Schumann who brought Brahms to the hahn-es brahmz) was born in Hamburg, attentio.n ?f the public, for his. articles Germany, in 1833. His first twenty in music Journals drew attention to the years were years of rigid discipline. His excellent compositions of Brahms. Schu· father was a dou·ble-bass player in a mann's encouragement spurred him on theater orchestra. The father's income to greater effort, for he hailed Brahms was hardly enough to support the family, as "a musical prophet," a writer of so young Brahms, in order to increase music. "the like of which he had never the family income, did all manner of odd heard before." jobs from blacking boots to playing in his During the early part. of Brahms' father's band. career he appeared frequently as a pian· ist and conductor; he also spent a few •Formerly Supervisor· of Public School Music, years in teaching music and composing Mount Lebanon, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, . U.S.A. it, and then we see him a mature genius. December, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN The latter part of his life was given over entirely to composition. Like Beethoven, he passed most of his life in Vienna, which was then the musical center of the world. He never wrote an opera an"d was never married; he once said, "I do not have the courage to make a start in either." Brahms' music stands beside that of mastery of music was like that of Beethoven. In the time of Brahms other composers were trying new ways of writing music. In the excitement of these new ways of developing musical composition, Brahms quietly recalled to the public mind that nobility of thought and beauty of form are. necessary in great music. Brahms is·known as a "conservative" composer, but his music always shows great intellectual ability. A player must have excellent tecl\nic in order to per f or m music composed by Brahms. He always used imagination in his music, as well as dignity. In some ways, his music shows a blending of the old and the new way of writing music. Bach and Beethoven. To their classic method of composition he added all the beauty and richness of the instrumentation of a modern symphony orchestra. He wrote four glorious symphonies, some pieces called H11ngar-ian Dances, a Re- · quiem (a setting of the mass for the dead), much chamber music · (music to be played by a small group of instruments), many piano compositions, and many songs. His art songs take their place beside those of Schubert. (See JOHANNES BRAHMS As a writer of songs, choral works, string quartets, and s y m p h o n i e s, Brahms r.anks as the chief master in His lost picture, taken ]u11e 15, 1896 the article about Schubert in the June, 1940, issue of THE YOUNG CITIZEN.) Brahms was a man of exceedingly broad Intellect. That is why he is sometimes refer.red to as "the intellectual composer." However, he was always cordial with his friends, and magnanimous with other musicians of his time. He was somewhat like Bach, inasmuch as he took his work seriously, but his the period just after 1850. His work is of great interest and value to all good musicians. REVIEW QUESTIONS I. Can you name the music composers who are called "the three B's"? 2. Can you sp.ell and pronounce each · name correctly? (bahk, ba-to-v'n, (Please turn to page 477.) THE YOUNG CITIZEN Dtctmbtr~-- 1940 ELEMENTARY SCIENCE SECTION THE SHIP OF THE DESERT A VAST TREELESS DESERT of sand is not unlike the limitl-ess desert of the ocean. The· animal best adapted to travel across the sandy desert is the camel. And so this unwieldy animal is frequently referred to as "the ship of the desert." You may have seen a camel. At least you have seen pictures of camels. If you examine a camel, you will decide that everything about this animal is queer. His neck and legs look. too long and sprawling for his body. His feet are split into two hoofed toes almost up to his ankle. · His head is small and ugly. His brown eyes fairly pop out of his head from sockets too small for them. His nostrils are bias slits. He can open them wide, or close them almost shut during the terrible sand storms of his native deserts. His rough hair looks as if it had never been combed. On his knobby knees and arched breast-bone he wears tough leathery pads. Finally, a hump on his ·back does not add to his appearance. Don't go too near a camel's head. Sometimes, for no apparent cause at all, he has a terrible fit of rage. Then he tries to bite and kick the person nearest. One of the most noticeable things· about the camel is the queer way in which he chews his food. His lower jaw swings from side to side like a hammock. His upper lip is cleft up the middle .. The camel reaches for and feels his food with thi~ thick split lip as if it were made up of two fingers. For many hundreds of years the camel has been one of the most useful animals to men, because of his ·great strength, and his ability to endure heat, thirst, and hunger. But he is a very stupid beast, and 'has never learned to do more than a few simple things. He never seems to know or care for his driver, who may . have brought him up from a baby. He has as little sense as a sheep, is as illtempered as an angry bull, and as stubborn as a mule. He works, tiut not willingly as a horse does. One of the few things a camel has learned to do is to kneel when he is ·ordered to do so. His knee-pads protect his joints from the hard ground, but he moans and groans as if in terrible pain. He knows some kind of a load is to be put on, and he complains aloud. He doesn't wait to find if the load is heavy or light. He carries with ease 500 pounds ot goods for hundreds of miles across wide deserts. If you get seasick easily you ·had better not try to ride a camel. He lifts both feet on one. side at· the same time, tilting his body sideways. ·Then he lifts the two feet on the other side. So you must roll over and back. Tossing and pitching, heaving and rolling, you feel December, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN as if you were in a sailboat on rough water. So violent is the motion that the camel-police of Egypt, who often ride day and night over the desert on racing camels in pursuit of smugglers, are compelled to bind their bodies tightly with long strips of cloth. The camel is, indeed, the ship of the desert in more ways than one. For food, after a day's travel, a camel scarce, and his stomach has li.ttle cells for storing water, so he can go a week without drinking, in case of need. Camels carry burdens ·for their masters, furnish flesh and milk for food for their masters, and with their hair provide material for weaving cloth. With-· out this ugly, stupid, useful beast the hot deserts of the Old World would lie unpeopled and unknown. The camel subTl1e Sliip of 1/ie Desert is given a small measure of hard dates or dried beans. Besides, he eats the twigs, thistles, and thorny shrubs that grow here and there in the desert. Camels will eat anything. They will chew their own leather bridles or tent cloth, and they consider an old mat or a basket to eat as. a great delicacy. The camel's big, solid hump is full of fat to be drawn upon when food is mits to his treUtment, but remains untamed, sullen, and forbidding. There is just one thing for which the camel has a soft feeling. The mother camel shows affection for her baby. When the baby camel is bor~, he is so weak and wobbly, he can scarcely walk. The mother perhaps has to go with the caravan of hundreds of other camels, (Please turn to page 477.) THE YOUNG CITIZEN December, 1940 HISTORY SECTION THE EARLY DAYS OF RIZAL The Birthplact of Ri%al JOSE RIZAL, destined to be the great Filipino martyr, was born in Calamba, June 19, 1861. A biographer states that he· was by birth a typical Filipino, for "few persons in this land of mixed blood could boast a greater mixture than his." All his ancestors were immigrants to the Philippines, and included early Malays, Chinese of prehistoric times in the Philippines, and Spaniards of Castile and Valencia. · A short time before Jose Rizal was born, his father built a home in the center of Calamba, a town on the south shore of Laguna de Bay. The house was of typical Philippine-Spanish construction, as shown in the photograph on this page, and must have been a very pretentious dwelling for those days, ·eighty years ago. In the nearby church Jose was christened when he was three days old. His godfather was a Filipino priest of Calamba namec! Father Pedro Casanas, and the priest who christened him was also a Filipino named Father Rufino Collantes. When Jose was three years old he learned his AB C's, because he said in his baby way that since his elder sister was being taught to read, he wanted to be taught also. At that early age, one day, so the story goes, his mother found him with his sister's story book propped up before him spelling out the words. As a boy Jose was not a strong child, so he was carefully nurtured. His mother was his first teacher, and it was she who tau_ ght him to read. She imparted to him also many other things which were useful to him in later life. The Calamba churcli and convento, built several years after the great earthqu~ke of 1863, was near his boyhood home. He spent much of his time there as 'l young boy, because, as he said, he liked "to watch the people." The kindly priest at fir6t tolerated the little boy about his church and living quarters, but soon the youngster became . "a welcome visitor." According to the priest, the boy never disturbed the meditations-often words spoken aloud-of the clergyman, but listened seriously to the remarks of the good priest. Sometimes Jose asked for information from the priest, who always gave a sensible answer or careful explanation to .what the boy asked. When the lad was seven years old, with his parents he made a journey which he never forgot. This was a trip to visit the famous image which had been brought to Antipolo in 1672 from Mexico, after having been carried in galleons as the patron saint of voyages across the Pacific. We are told that "a print of the Virgin, a souvenir of this pilgrimage, was, acDecember, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN cording to the custom of those times, pasted inside Jose's wooden chest when he left home for school; later on it was preserved in an al'bum and went with him in all his travels." Often in the boyhood home of Rizal there were visitors. Some of these persons were of high social rank. No doubt the boy listened to their conversation, and since he was a child of serious mind, the conversation of his parents' guests must have helped to mold the character of this unusual boy. When .Jose was nine. years old, he was sent to study at Biiian, a. town not far from Calamba.. The boy stndie<l here a short time, and then it was decided to send him to school in Manila. went in the latter part of February, 1872, although he himself said that the formal beginning of his studies was in June of that year. The first school which he entered was San Juan de Letran, but soon he went back to Calamba. In July he 'entered another school, the famous Ateneo. While attending this school he was a "day pupil" until his fourth year. At that time the Ateneo was a very popular school in Manila, and there were many students in the school. During his brief stay at Biiian, the boy The Church at Colombo Which Rir:al Attended as a Boy. During his last two years in the school Rizal was boarding student. The Ateneo then was like our present ·high schoo'ls, but not so advanced nor so thorough. The method of instruction was that used by had learned much. He had numerous relatives in the place. Among them was an uncle, Jose Alberto, who had been educated in a school in India in which he had spent eleven years. While J ose was in his uncle's home in Biiian, a distinguished visitor from Hongkong, Sir John Bowring, governor of Hongkong, was a guest. Doubtless the visit of this notable Englishman made a great and lasting impression upon the observant youth. In Manila the first place in which Rizal lived was a nipa house to which he the Jesuits. According to this system there was always a review of the lesson of the previous day, questions on the lesson of the day, and an explanation of the lesson for the next day. This was an excellent system and Rizal·benefited very much from such instruction. While in the Ateneo Rizal frequently wrote poetry. Some of his verses were taken to Calamba for his mother's criticisms and suggestions. He won a prize with one of his poems which he called Al luventud Filipino (To the Philippine (Please turn to page 479.) THE YOUNG CITIZEN December, 1940 THE WIFE OF RIZAL By CATALINO G. GARINGALAO, ]•. MUCH has and capable Irish girl. There was no been writ- reason why the couple should not be marten and ried, for Rizal considered that his politsaid about ical days were over. Accordingly they Jose Ri- agreed to become husband and wife. zal, but Mr. Tau fer was in despair when he comp a r- learned that nothing could be done to a t i v e 1 y restore his eyesight, so he took his adopted little has daughter with him to Manila before she come to and Dr. Rizal could be married. light about On July 28, 1896, an order from Mathe mar- nila was received by Rizal in Mindanao t Y r e d saying that he would be given his freeh e r o ' s dom on condition that he·.go to Cuba for wife. It is medical service. On arrival in Manila for this . harbor, Rizal was transferred to a Spanr e a s o n ish ·cruiser which was to take him t-0 Bns-relfrf of the Wife of Rizal t.h at an Spain. About IO o'clock at night he a r t i c 1 c summoned his sweetheart to come on · about Josefina Bracken,Taufer, the worn- board, and he bade her goodbye. an whom Rizal married, has been pre- Upon arrival at Barcelona, Rizal was pared for publication in THE YOUNG detained by Spanish officials, who deCITIZEN. The story is as follows : dared that he was one of the chiefs of the Among Doctor Rizal's patients was a ·Katipunan, and ordered that he be serit blind American named Taufer who was back to Manila for trial. Rizal's sweetan engineer in Hongkong. He and his heart was among the first who learned wife had adopted a girl named Josefina of his arrival in Manila. Bracken. This girl had known Rizal, "the Spanish dodor," in Hongkong. She persuaded her foster father to visit Rizal, who had been exiled to Dapitan, with the hope that Mr. Taufer's eyesight might be benefited by an operation by Dr. Rizal. The frequent visits of this young woman to the doctor with her father gave Rizal ample opportunity to meet her, and it was only natural . that he should fall in love with her. Ultimately they were engaged to be married. Josefina Bracken Taufer was a lively The alcohol lamp in ~hich Rizal's farewell poem was hidde11. Soon after Rizal landed in Manila, he· was irilprisoned in Fort Santi a go. Miss Taufer asked for permission to visit Rizal in his prison cell, but thi.s was refused by Spanish officials. A. week December> 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN later on Monday, December 27, 1896, he was visited by his entire family who brought Miss Taufer with them. About half an hour later Rizal suggested to Miss Tau fer that their marriage service should be performed before he was shot. She agreed to the arrangement. The next morning she was not admitted to the cell, but on the morning of the execution, at six o'clock, she went to see Rizal, arid they were quietly married. Josephine Bracken Taufer, the wife of Rizal, was interviewed in 1899 at a house in Calle Dulongbayan in Manila. In the course of the interview this young woman, who became Mrs. Jose Rizal just 15 minutes before the execution of the Filipino hero, told the following about her last hours with Rizal: might shoot me but I would go, and they let me pass." Rizal's widow fought in the. Philippine insurrection against Spain. Finally she was caught and sent to Hongkong. After the death of her adopted father she married Don Vicente Abad, who · at the time was connected with the Tabacalera Company in Hongkong. What the outcome of this s.econd marriage was "'e do not know,· but after the second anniversary of Rizal's martyrdom was observed u n de r the American regime, Josephine Bracken ' Taufer came back to the Philippines. "Rizal begged me to forgive him for the sorrows he had caused me, and told me that in the little alcohol The wife of Jose Rizal. She lived temporarily in Cebu and earned her livelihood by giving lessons in English. One of her pupils then was Sergio Osmeiia, now vice-president of the Philippine Common we a Ith. Afterwards she was a teacher in the public schools. cooking lamp he had hidden a paper for Later Mrs. Rizal Photograph of Rizol's Wife wen t to Hongkong where she was placed in a hospital on account of ill health. She died in Hongkong and was buried in the Catholic me-the last message to his country. Then we parted forever, for the Spanish officers refused to let me talk with him any more. "I went to the place of the execution on the Luneta, as he bade me. I was not permitted to go near him. He behaved with great fortitude all the time. "I followed Rizal's body to the Paco cemetery, but they shut the gate in my face. i cried out, but it did no good. After a short time I tried again to go to Rizal's grave but again the soldiers guarding it refused. I told them they cemetery. REVIEW I. What was the name of the woman whorn Jose Rizal married? 2. In what city was her home? 3. Why did her foster father visit Rizal? · 4. Where was Rizal living at that time? Why? (Please turn to page 472.) 470 THE YOUNG CITIZEN December, 1940 WORK AND PLAY SECTION WRITING A CHRISTMAS SONG OUR TEACHER· can sing very well, and play the piano, too.- So we have nice music in our room at school. Shortly before Christmas she told us we could write a Christmas song. And we did. It was a real nice song. This is how we did it. Of course we all knew the Christmas story about the birth of Jesus, and the shepherds, · and the ~tar. We talked about it, and then our teacher said, "Who can think of a good beginning for our song?" · Soon Francisca sang to her own tune, "A star was shining so brightly." The class liked this so well that they sang it several times. We talked about the star, since that was the theme of the song Francisca had started. Our teacher asked such questions as these: "Where did the star shine?" and "When did it shine?" and "Why did it shine?" The words "In Bethlehem one night" were sung at once by J uanito to his own tune. When we had this much of our song prepared (our teacher called it the first phrase), it was suggested that we repeat that melody. So we hummed the tune a number .of times in order to keep it in mind. Finally Crispina began singing to the second . phr.ase--as our· teacher called it -the words "The shepherds", but no one could complete the line. Then our teacher asked us where the shepherds were and what they were doing. Elena thought of the remainder of the line, so it was like this: "The shepherds out on · (Please turn ta page 476.) L J1 II A star w.u ~hin . ing bright · ly '" Bech . le ·hem one night. The \hep· herd'> lf P fJJ IJ j JIU JJ llJ. I f1J f J1F Jll Out on ch• h;ll . \ide Were rr.,hc . t>ned by the light .. Glo. ry to God," the .i.n. geh f p J. I !11 r ) I f } J p I r p DJ IJ. j 11 sang. ''Pc.u.:f' Oil thC' eHth," th,ir voic. ~ n.ng .. Wt: bring )'OU .,on· dl!'r · ful c1 · d1ngf, l~ejlJ Ji J l'1Jj vi f >DJ IJ. j JU } J hlJ] II For UJ'.!. - to \OU •'> born Chrnt the lord our Sav · 1our, Th1~ joy· ful Chri_n ·mas morn December~ 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 471 A PUPPET THEATER FOR CHRISTMAS Do YOU want a theater of your own for Christmas at your own home? I mean, of course, a puppet theater, in which the actors are small cardboard figures which are operated by the stage manager. Such a theater will be a never-ending source of joy to the children of your neighborhood-and some of the grown'ups, too. You can have little Christmas plays-as many as· you are willing to. prepare. Long after Christmas is over, the puppet theater would be splendid for a school room, and any enterprising teacher, with the help of some of her pupils, can make a very attractive puppet theater for the pupils of her room to enjoy. The stage is of wood and has a floor two feet long by fourteen inches deep, with an upright wooden frame fastened ~ 1-~;,.r. . H ,,, ~L.·i'M·•'f 1~1·11 .•• ~ to the front and another to the back, the opening twelve inches high and eighteen inches across. (Figure l) It stands on a larger table so that one can have properties conveniently at hand. A table cover hangs to the floor, completely hiding the feet of the play producers behind the scenes. Two ·curtains (or one -split into two parts, so that it can reveal the stage) hang in front of the table and stage. Th~re must be no chance for the audience to catch a glimpse of the play producers, or giggles and comments will spoil your choicest play. Our scenery, even the curtain, is made of cardboard, but if one is clever he can do successful things with cloth. (Please tut-n. to page 474.) THE YOUNG CITIZEN December~ 1940 CHRISTMAS SPIRIT THE SPIRIT OF CHRIST- THE WIFE OF RIZAL (Continued from page 458) MAS: I mean just this. (Continued from page 469) lowly I go. Into the midst Wher~v~r there. is love, 5. Of what nationality of riches and poverty. And there ~s JOY·. And ~herever was Miss Tauter? the thing I find is always there is Chnstmas Joy, there 6. Why did Rizal not the same. It fills my heart is the. Christmas Spi~it. marry Miss Tauter iµ Dawith happiness. That ~s why I am w.1th pitan? CRISTETA: Surely you you children. Merry Chnst- 7. What official order did not find anything so mas! . did Rizal receive? very wonderfui here sir. ALL: Merry Christmas! 8. Tell of his departure ANA: We wer~ only Merry Christmas! And from Manila. wrapping Christmas pres- may the Ch.ristn:ias S~irit 9. What accusation was ents What could you find always remam with us· made in Spain against Riher~ to make you happy? CURTAIN zal? CRISTETA: We were so IO. Where was he sent? happy about our presents QUESTIONS Why? for Mother and Grand- 1. What do you think is 11. Where· was Rizal immother and Daddy, that we the meaning of this playlet? prisoned? couldn't think of anything 2· Is there a lesson to be 12. Can his prison cell learned from ·it? What is else. still be seen? (Yes) THE SPIRIT OF CHRIST- the lesson? l 3. What request by MAS: And what are· these 3· Is the opening of this Miss Tauter was refused? Chrl .stmas presents which playlet a happy scene? 14 Wh .. d R" 1 . gl.ve you so much J·oy? 4. Could such a scene be . o v1s1te iza In his prison cell on Decem}UAN: A hold·er for found almost anywhere in ber 27, 1896? Dad's neckties. I made it the Philippines? 15. What agreement did at school. 5· Did these "children.be- Rizal and Miss Tauter ANA: And I made a lit- long to a happy family? then make? d . h" f Why do you thmk so? tie re pmcus 10n or 6. Were they rich? 16. When were they marMother. ried? How long before RiPEDRO: And a gold ring 7· Were th~ two brothers zal's execution? for Mother! :~~h t~~h:~ sisters loyal to 17. What did Rizal tell CRISTETA: The Y are 8. At what point in the about the alcohol lamp at wonderful presents, aren't story did the Christmas his last meeting with Miss they? Spirit enter. Tau fer? 'fHE SPIRIT OF CHRIST- 9. Why did the Christ- 18. Did Mrs. Rizal witMAS: Of course they are. mas Spirit not leave with ness the execution of her And it all goes to prove the singers? husband? what I say. I never knew 10. Were the children's 19. How did Rizal act at it to fail. Automobiles or presents costly? his execution? pincushions, it is always the 11. What makes a Christ- 20. What request did same. mas present worth while? Mrs. Rizal make at the JUAN: What do you 12. Why do we give pres- gate of Paco cemetery in mean? en ts at Christmas? Manila? December, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN II THE II n®B JI Pf:INTRY II_ MAKING CANDIES 473 (Continued from the November number) CHRISTMAS without candy which has been diluted would not seem just right. with water), and one cup of For the past two months evaporated milk which is we have been publish- not diluted. Boil to 245 ing recipes for home- degrees Fahrenheit and made candies, and this then pour. . month we conclude the series. Choose those candies from this list which you like best, or have the greatest success in making, and let your Christmas candies this year be made at home. Chocolate Marshmallow Caramels Use the chocolate caramel recipe which was published last month. Pour half of it into a pan and cover with . split marshmallow candies. Pour caramel on top. Lemon Caramels of finely ground coffee for five minutes. Strain through s ever a l thicknesses o f cheesecloth. Take a pound of loaf sugar, slightly moisten the pieces with water, and boil to 240 degrees. Add the coffee and boil until it hardens in cold water. Pralines Boil one cup of maple syrup (to be purchased at a good grocery store), 2 cups of powdered sugar, and one-half cup of cream (or Carnation milk not diluted) to 240 degrees. Re, More recipes for making caramels are given this month. Before trying any of these recipes, see the general instructions in the issue of THE YOUNG CIT!ZEN for last month. Ma/asses Caramels Pour into a kettle Slightly moisten a pound move from the fire and beat of loaf sugar and boil to until it is a creamy consist240 degrees. Add the rind ency. Add 2 cups of pecan of one lemon grated and I nut meats cut into pieces. or mixed with one-fourth of a Drop from a spoon in small sauce-pan one pound of cup of sugar and the juice piles on oiled paper. This thick molasses with one of the lemon. Boil until it is a very delicious candy pound of Karo syrup (to hardens in cold water. and in some places is quite be purchased at a good famous. grocery store), one pound Coffee Caramels Pralines are merely a of granulated sugar, 3 cups Make a strong solution confection made of nut of milk (or 3 cups of Car- of coffee by boiling one cup kernels. Any nuts can be nation evaporated mi 1 k of water and one-half cup used instead of pecans. 474 THE YOUNG CITIZEN December, 1940 CHRISTMAS GOLD PUPPET THEATER BOYHOOD CHRISTMAS (Continued from page 453) . (Continued froin page 471) (Continued from page 455) Into every room she In some scenes the entire 5. Why was the nar.rator went, blessing the house depth of the .stage is used; of this story lonely? with the Christmas blessing in others only half, or even 6. What was his "preas she went on her way. one-fourth. A forest scene. cious Christmas gift"·? At last she came to the consists, for example, of six 7. Did yo.:. like this great room where the little pieces of scenery: a back- story? Why? spider slept in the corner ground,· four wing pieces 8. Could the events of and where the big Christ- (two for each side); and this story occur in ·many mas tree stood covered with an open foreground. (Fig- different parts of the Philcommon cobwebs, a sorry ure 2) Two extra wings ippines? (The author states sight to see. add to the possibilities. that this is a true story.) She bfes.sed the picture. For the Christmas story 9. Does this story have of Jesus and His mother the background may show "human interest"? Mary, and the little shrine the_ interior of the s~able, 10 .. What. have you where prayers were said, while a manger and animals learned from this story? may be among the figures. and all the spotless room. The outdoor sGene may rep- place, we use wooden slats Last of all she blessed the resent a starry night with in which there are round Christmas tree, standing as shepherds and their sheep pegs at one end. These pegs a disgrace to all the house- in the background. The are set in holes bored in the hold in its gray cobwebs. scene of the wise men may wooden floor of the sr~ge. In the morning it was represent a starry back- The advantag~ of this arChristmas. The sunbeams ground with one large guid- rangement is that wings can sparkled and the Christmas ing star. The. ·wise men be turned diagonally, giving bells rang out clear and mounted on camels are better perspective, preventsweet. among the puppet figures. ing the audience from_peekIn the great room in the On the back upright ing in behind the scenes, good woman's house stood frame, on each side, a piece and also making it possible the Christmas tree, covered of zinc near the top is fast- to open stage doors and the from top to bottom in shin- ened and bent downward to like. ing gold. you s~e, the little hold the scene in place. At the bottom and top of spider had spun a web all (Figure I) Most of our each slat are pieces of zinc, over the Christmas tree, and backgrounds are on stiff similar to those on the back the Christmas fairy had cardboard, but some are of upright frame, one bent uppaper, with only strips of ward, the other downward. turned the web into spark- cardboard pasted back of These serve as clamps to ling gold. . . the two ends. By setting a hold the wings in place. It wa~ Christmas ~ag1c, lamp directly behind it, we (Figure3) The wings make the ~ag1c o~ the Christmas can create moonlight or sun- many things possible, like blessing which turns every- sets or early dawn. setting a house in the midthing into shining gold.- The wings of the puppet die of the woods, or creat.ddapted from "The In- theater are extremely im- ing optical illusions. structor." portant. To hold them in (Please turn to page 477.) December, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 475 CLUB~ A Visit to Dapitan Our Christmas Club By JOSEFINA F. ALVAREZ By BONIFACIO YULO Practising My Piano Lesson · (13 YEARS OLD) (16 YEARS OLD) By, NATY JOSE MY SISTER AND I planned FOR SEVERAL YEARS I have (14 YEARS OLD) to go to Dapitan for a short belonged to a Christmas I LIKE MUSIC, but I always visit. As you know, Dapi- Good Cheer Club, and each hated to practice my piano tan is only a barrio, but it Christmas it makes the lessons. I used to say, "If is interesting to all Filipi- eight or ten of us wh.o be- I could only learn to play nos because our great Fili- long to it very happy. We the piano without practicpino hero, Jose Rizal, lived are able to make many ing, I would like it." That there in exile. And so my others happy ·also.· was the way I felt until a sister and I were very hap- This is what our Christ- few months ago. I started py during our bus trip of mas club does: On Decem- piano lessons then with a one hour from our home to ber first of each year we new teacher who showed Dapitan. go to several people who me a new way of practicing. When we arrived at Da- know of some poor and This is the way I now pi tan, we went at once to needy families in our town. practice my piano lesson: Rizal Park. We enjoyed Then we ask ·our parents When my teacher gives me swimming in the pool which and friends for contribu- a new piece to learn or a had been made by Rizal. tions for baskets for these new study, she and I go over Then we went to the needy families. it together. With a red penplaza. Here is to be seen Christmas morning each cil she marks all the hard Rizal's interesting map of member of our club carries places. Then she shows me Mindanao. On it I tried to two or three of the baskets how to practice them. locate Z.amboanga. to the families for whom For quite a little time I In front of the plaza is they were prepared. practice only those places the Rizal Memorial Hos- Then our club disbands which my teacher has pita!. This is a large and until the next Christmas. marked. I play them for beautiful building, and is a my teacher at each lesson. splendid memorial to Dr. years, and to walk in the When I can play the hard Rizal, who, as everyone very streets in which he had places, my teacher tells me knows, was a skillful doc- walked. On my way home to begin practicing at the tor. my thoughts were about first of the piece or study It was very interesting Rizal and his life in Dapi- to be learned. None of it is to walk about the little town tan. I was glad that I had hard then, and I can soon where Rizal ~pent several visited the place. play it very well. THE YOUNG CITIZEN WRITING A SONG our original melody until (Continued from page 470) we had made one more the hillside." phrase for the part. "Peace Our teacher said, "How on earth, good will to men" did the shepherds feel when was what Jose suggested, they saw the star?" Some but the class insisted on havone said they were fright- ing the end word rhyme ened by the light of the with the word "sang." We bright star, so we used a thought hard, and Juan fipart of that answer to com- nally suggested "rang.'' plete the line. Now we David then quickly comhad this much of ciur song: pleted the line by saying A star was shining "their voices rang.'' Then brightly we repeated our new tune In Bethlehem one for this line. Our teacher night. said it was a suitable tune, The shepherds out on because it had the ·same the hillside rhythm as our first melody. Were frightened by Our song bad s,till not the light. told the shepherd story. We sang it several times David said it should tell of and decided to change the the angels' message. That last tone, so it would have sounded like a good title, a better ending. This satis- so we named our song lied everyone. We copied The Angels' Message. the words on the black- Then our teacher reboard, and our teacher peated to us th~ Christmas wrote the music above the story. After she had !inwards. ished, she wrote on the The next day we decided blackboard expressions to write more words. Fran- which we remembered, cisca surprised us by sing- such as "wonderful tiding "Glory to God" to a ings," "Saviour," "joyful," different tune, which I and "unto you is born." sounded so much like a We all wanted to say Christmas carol that every- something about "wond-erbody wanted it to be a part ful tidings" next, and finalof our song. Many of the ly Ciriaco suggested this pupils in our room tried to line: "We bring you wonfinish the phrase. Elena's derful tidings.'' We dewords, "The angels sang," cided to sing that to the first seemed most fitting, and part of our original tune. Alberto sang a tune that We thoughi of the words suited her words. for the rest of our song We could n_ot get back to without any difficulty. December, 1940 The words of the middle part of our song were these: "Glory to God," the angels sang; "Peace on earth/' their voices rang. . And the last part of our song had these words.: We bring you wonderful tidings, For unto you is born Chi-isl, the Lord, our Saviour This joyful Christmas morn. Our teacher told us. that the music of our song was arranged by what is 'called the A-B-A arrangement of a song; that is, we composed a complete melody-that one is called Melody A. Then we thought of a new melody-the new one is called Melody B. And then we repeated our Melody A. In that way we had A-B-A. After our completed song had been written on the blackboard - words and music-we sang it again and again. Some of the pupils in our room_ wanted to copy it. "What shall we do with our song, now that it is completed?" our teacher asked. "Let us sing it at our Christmas program," some one suggested. So we used it at our program, and everyone liked it. We hope that you will like it also and will sing it-ADAPTEDDecemher, 1940 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 477 SHIP OF THE DESERT BRAHMS PUPPET THEATER (Continued from pag; 465) (Continued from page 463) ( Conti~ued from page 474) traveling 250 or more-miles brahmz) Much of our scenery is a day across the burning 3. Can you t e 11 of homemade. Our favorite sand and rocky hills. Then Brahms' early life? scenes are those we painted the baby camel is put into 4. What music critic ourselves. Some pieces of a hammock, and is carried bro u g ht the music of scenery are glued on· blocks by one of the freight camels. Brahms to the attention of of wood, like huge boulders This freight camel may car- the p"ublic? How? for the center of the stage. ry many other things' besides 5. Can you give a list of Our ch~racters are most -leather bags of water, compositions by Brahms? of them either of our own bales of cloth and dates, designing or cut from jugs of oil, and blocks of . d d . h magazines and mounted. rock salt. · ared provh~ he wit d spongy (This is a good occupation Th . . pa s w 1c sprea some- f 1 h"ld ) ere 1s a curious reason h h . lk or a conva escent c 1 . why the baby camel is not w at as .t e. ammal wa s They move on stiff wires, put on his mother's back. on the yieldmg sand.. pushed or pulled invisibly. Camels are so stupid that _There are no record~ of Some stages have grooves if the mother could not see ~ild camels, _so d~mesl!ca- for the figures to move in, her baby, even if he were on lion '?ust have oeen ac- but o1.1rs can move freely all her own back, she would c~mphshed early. In the over the stage. The wires be apt to think he ha"d been Bible we read that Abra- are soldered to flat pieces of left behind. Then she might ham took on his journey zinc with upright bent turn and run back to the last "she e p a n d oxen and ; pieces soldered to the center camping place. If the baby camels." We read also that. to hold the. figures. We is on another camel she can Job at one time had 6,000, have about a dozen wires. see him, and she ' follows camels. In niodern times 1 1 (Figure 4) contentedly. some Arabian and African If two persons manipuAfter the day's march tribes own hundreds of; late t?e "'.ires, standi_ng at she has her baby all to her- I thousands of these animals. op~osite sides of the stage self. She nurses him and I · (hidden by the curtains), pets him with her sensitive - - - they can work v~ry efficientsplit lip. He cuddles up to REVIEW ly _and also g1v~. greater. her for warmth for after I I. Why is the camel variety to the voices than the terrible heat 'of the day, called "the ship of the des- if only one person puts on the desert nights are often ert"? the P!ay. . cold. 2. How is the camel It IS lots of fun to have a There are two kinds of adapted to desert life? puppet theater. First make camels.-the Arabian, or 3. Tell of the camel's t~e the:\ Then write the single-humped camel of disposition. IP ay. adefithe necessary A · S . . . scenery an gures. Pracrab1a, yria,. and Africa; 4. ~hy ao Y?u th~nk the tice speakin the words and and the Bac~rian ~amel of camel 1s a stupid ammal? operating t;e figures. Then western Asia. with two 5. How is the camel use- you are ready to have an humps. The feet of both ful to man? audience. THE YOUNG CITIZEN December> 1940 THE FUNNY PAGE December, 191-0 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 479 EARLY DAYS OF RIZAL this city, founded by the REVIEW (Continued from page 467) ancient Romans, made a 1. Where and when was Youth.). A translation of grea't impression upon the Jose Rizal born? the first stanza of this poem youthful traveler. Then he 2. Who were his ancesis as follows: went to Madrid, where he tors? Hold high the brow entered the University of 3. Tell of the family serene, Madrid. Here he began to residence in Calamba. 0 y'outh, where now you study medicine, as well as 4. Te 11 of the boy's stand; literature and philosophy. christening. Let the bright sheen He also had training in 5. Tell of his eariy deOf your grace be seen, sculpture, drawing, . and sire to learn to read. Fair hope of my father- painting, and in addition 6. Tell of the boy's early land! had private lessons in !an- physical characteristics. After Rizal graduated guages. His college days in 7. How was the boy with highest honors from Madrid were busy days, al- treated by the parish priest? the Ateneo, he entered the though he found time to 8. Tell of his pilgrimage University of Santo Tomas. meet with a group of Fili- to Antipolo. Here he studied agriculture pino students from time to 9. What was done with and philosophy, and began time, and !Cl att~nd the his print of the Virgin? to specialize in medicine. theater occasionally. Later, IO. Tell of visitors at his While a student in Santo Rizal studied in Paris and home. Tomas, he decided to con- Berlin. 11. Where was he sent at tinue his education outside . After some more travel the a e of nine years? of the Philippines. m France and Italy, Riza,l, Why? g With the help of his now." young man, starte.d 12. Tell of his stay at brother, he started to Eu- on his return tr,1p to Mam- Bifian. rope for further study. On la. He had been gone seven 13. Tell of his early life his way he stopped at Singa- years. When he arrived at in Manila. pore, the first modern city Manila, he immediately I 4. What school did he he had ever seen. At Singa- started for his home at Ca- first enter? pore he embarked on a Iamba. 15. What school did he French steamer and sailed Rizal had now become a next enter? for Europe via the .Suez skillful doctor and surgeon. 16. Tell of his school life. Canal. When enroute he His first surgical operation at the Ateneo. saw something of the city in the. Philippi?es was a~ 17. Tell of his early poetof Aden and a little of operat10n on his mother s ical efforts. Egypt. He arrived at Na- eyes. Doctor Rizal soon 18. What university did ples, and from thence went achieved local fame, and Rizal next enter? to Marseilles in France. had patients from all parts I 9. Where did he later deFrom this French port he of Luzon. cide to go? went by rail to Barcelona, The remainder of this 20. Tell of h0 is journey to 'lpain. hero's life until his martyr- Spain. He remained in Barce- dom belongs to the history 21. What did he study in Iona a short time. Evidently of the Philippines. the University of Madrid? THE YOUNG CITIZEN JusT NOW I happened to glance at Ho~ many articles appeared? the number of the page of . the There. were 31 articles on charprinter's skeleton copy of this is- acter and cit.izenship, of which sue of THE YOUNG CITIZEN (the twelve were by Dr. Panlasigui, "dummy" he calls it) showing mast~r writer of helpful articles in where this Chat will be printed. child psychology. In addition to DO you know what page this is? these, half-a-dozen posters on charLook and see. lt's page 480 ! acter education were published. Think of that! Page 480 ! Sup- There were 20 interes~ing artipose you put all the twelve 1940 des in elementary science; 16 timenumbers of THE YOUNG CrTizEN ly articles on health and safety; 14 together: you would have a book intensely intereSting articles in of 480 pages, not counting the history; and 11 articles in music m~azine covers, whic!h would appreciation which include brief male 48 pages more. And what biographies of the master composa wealth of interesting and iq- ers Bach, Ha.ndel, Haydn, Maza.rt, structive material is to be found Beethoven, Schuber~, Schumann, 1n ihose -i.So pages! Mendels'sohn, Chopin, Wagner, Let's look at the contents of the and Brahms; there were also 6 1940 volume. What does it con- pages of music suitable for chiltain ?· dren. Well, here's the list: 24 pages For the housekeeper, the domesof material for first graders ; anoth- tic science teacher, and her pJpils er 24 pages for second graders; there were about 40 recipes in and still another 24 pages for third cookery. In the Work and Play graders. In all 72 pages just for Section were some 45 amusing, inthe little folks-the primary grades. teresting, and worthwhile novelThat, in itself, is a nice little book. ties. Then there was the monthly Where could you find anything page for The What-Are-You-Dobetter for those grades? ingf Club: three letters in each Let's look again. How many issue-that makes 36 in all chosen stories have been published in from scores and scores of letters Volume 6? Let me count. There· received for this page by the Ediwere exactly 58 stories for boys tor. (Too bad we can't print all and girls. What a splendid story- of them!) book those 58 stories would make! And don't forget the Funny And poems. A count shows Page. There were 12 full-page that th.ere were 38 different poems funnies about Kiko. Didn't you printed-all suitable for young get a kick out of Kiko'! Well, the Filipinos. .. Editor did. And so did all the Det'fmber, 1940 teachers and lawyers and doctors and other grownups who read these funnies. (l'vlaybe they won't admit it, though.) There! I've given a summary of the many good things which have appeared in Volume·6 of THE YouNG CITIZEN. Isn't all of that worth the price of a subscription? \Ve think it is. ·Now we'll change the subject. Here's a Ch~istmas suggestion: Why not send a year's subscription to THE YOUNG CITIZEN to some boy or girl, to some young Filipino, who does not already receive the magazi~e? Or if you want to be very generous, subscribe for IO or 20· or 30 copies for your school library. Speaking ~f Christmas gifts: the Editor is very happy to announce a gift-a splendid gift-that is coming to every reader of the 1941 volume of THE YouNG CITIZEN. Guess what it is. Well, I'll tell you. It's a sefies of hair-raising, br:eath~taking, fascinating storiestrue· stories-of adventures with wild animals in East Africa. It seems that a young man now living in th~ Philippines spent some months in East Africa in the big game regions. The adventures which he had were marvellous. For example: one day he was driving in a Ford sedan and halfa~dozen full-grown lions came . at the car. There he sat without a gun and only the sides of the car between him and a lot of savage, untamed African lions. But read this story for yourself in an early issue of THB YOUNG CITIZEN. Every month one of these thrilling stories will appear. The first will be in the January, 1941, number. Don't miss them. Goodbye. Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year.-THE EDITOR: Announcement to All Our Young Readers: Did you ever do IOlllething intenatins and worth while! Have you had &!l'J' e:..~ perlenet in doing any of the following: ll) CoUeeting Philippine Shells, (2) Bunting 'l'ul't.les, (3) Exploring a Vnlut10, (4) Catching Sharb, (&) Making an Aquarium, 16) Collecting Postage Stamps, 17) Visiting Famous Churches of the Philippines, (8) Making a Garden, (9) Raising Flowers. (10) M~king Candies, (11) Buildinl' a Sail Boat, (12) Hunting for Wild Animal1, (13) Baking Bread or Cakes, (14) Mak· ing Articles of Clothing, (15) Making Artiele1 of Furniture, (16) Visiting the Aquarium. in Manila, (17) Collecting Moths and Butterfliea, (18) Collecting Interesting Botanieal Specimens, (19) Raisinl' Orchida, (20) Visiting Primitive Peoplea in the Phllippinea, or do.ing many other interesting things. WRITE ABOUT IT IN A SHORT COMPOSITION. Send your composition to The Young Citizen. Each month the Editor of Th~ Y611n1. Citii1~ will Publish. as man!' .of the b"t compositions as space will- permit. If )·our composition. is accepted for publication, you will _become ·a member of The Whal-An-You-Doing? Club. The rules for securing membenhlp are aimple. OBSERVE THE FOLLOWING .RULES: 1. Write about something inte-ting which you have done, such as thP above titles suggest. Do not write a story which is not true. If your story is accepted, you are a member of the ·club. 2. On your composition write your name and address VERY PI.AINLY. 8. State your age. 4. Tell what you liked best in recent l88uea of The Young Cltiz671. Address all letters to: The What-Are-You-Doing? Club Care of Community Publishers, Inc. Publishers of The Youq Citizen P. 0. Box 685. Manila, Philippines ~ I