Young Citizen

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Part of The Young Citizen: The Magazine for Young People

Title: Young Citizen
Issue Date: Volume 7 (Issue No. 1) January 1941
Year: 1941
Language: English
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extracted text: ' 2 2324 25 9 30 31 .• . I Announcement to All Writers: ------0-We Will Pay You for writing artic:les of merit for pub1lc8Hon ID THE YOUNG CITIZEN. We want interestin1 children'• storiet from ZOO to 500 words in lenitb; al10 samn. readi•1 deviu1, articlH of historic:al interest, elementary Kien~ and healtb articles, pu~zle11 joke1, and playlet1, We al10 "'·ilb to buy sn-eral pod 1erial ttoriet. Intere1tins noriet leH tblft ZOO words in lenctb are detired for Little Ptople. ·'Ji ou can add to your income by writin& for u1. Primary Teachers: We especially desire various kinds of Interesting material suitable for Flnt. Second. and Third Grade Pupils. We will pa:v teachers and others for material which we can use. Each article should be written in clear, easy, correct English, on one side of the paper, typewritten if possible, or written by hand neatly and legibly. The article should be submitted with a self-addressed stamped envelope, otherwise the publishen will not return it to the writer in case it cannot be used. Address all communications to : The Managing Editor The. Young Citizen Care of Community Publishers, Inc. P.O. Box 685, Manila, Philippines I I I I ! I i -I .I 1 9 4 1 • Do You Know Me?-Caridad Pad1ua ................. . Can You Check the Answers?-Tarcj/a Espinosa • For Second Graders Reading and Coloring-Gervacia Guarin . Our Health Friends-Gervacia Guarin .. • For Third Graders A Lesson in Good Manners .... Another Lenon in_ Good Manners .. '· .. , ..... • Stories Daniel's Pre11-ent for Mother-Pancita Flares . Charged by a Rhinoceros ............ , .... , .. . The Magic Spell-Sermtmita lllangilaya An Exciting Game-Raman Yulo . The Twin Stars-Lll:I B. Cabanas ... • Poems Standing at the Portal-Frances R. Ha'Vtrjal . • Character and. Citizenship . .... 11 I! 16 17 19 New Year-Dr: /. Panlasigui . . . . . . .. . .. . . .................. .. Be Kind-Alfreda Vargas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . • . . . 32 Be Helpful-Al/redo Pargas . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Be Honest-Alfrtda Vargas . . . . . 32 New Years Resolutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 • Elementary Science Mother Pig and her Babies ..• , , . , .•.• , ..... ~ •• , The \\'orld's Most Important Plant Family How We Came to Have Arithmetic • History The Stone Age . King Arthur of England •..... • Music Appreciation Palestrina-Bert Paul Osbon .... • Work and Play ••••••••••••••••• JO 23 .••.......•... 2.J 2S 27 20 Throwing Shadows on the Wall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . .. . . . . • . . . . . . . . 29 Geographical Facts about the Philippines-Jase A. Pandy , . , ..•. , , , ... , 30 Bread Making . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Our School Radio-Alberta Pullins ................... , .... , , , .••• , , , . . 3S :~~~i~;e :1=~i::;:_~~i!;1~:ni;fn;;a· ·:: :::::: :::::::: ::::::: :::::::: :::: ~: The Funny Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . • • • . . . . . . • . . . . . • • • • . . . • . . . . . . . . . 38 · Chats with the Editor ............................................ , , . • 40 Publi1bed month!,. by the CommUPitJ' Publl.1ber1. Inc., 1!1 Crystal Are&U, Eseolta, :Manila, PblilDplnes. u Second Clan Mail Matter at the Manila Post Of6ee on 11.,. 16, 1986. Editorial : Jon B • .Romsro; 14anacinc Editor: Bin Paid 011Jon: Ccmtribat1118' . lri 1.11d Quirico A.. Crta; Staff Artl1t: P«iro P~: B111ID•H M1.11aaer: Pa.oo for one Fear of 12 limes: 12.00 ID tbe United Statea aad fore'8D Je CODJ', 30 Cellta'IPOI, Sl&kcriptionl csre to II• paid to Comt11tmH11 .PUIWMlre. lao. n.u; MAGAZIN(; ~OR YOUNG P!;OPL(; THE YOUNG CITIZEN THE MESSAGE THIS MONTH NEW YEAR January brings us a New Year. It is now 1941. JANUARY, I94I On December 31 everybody was happy! ·we greeted each other with the usual "Happy New Year!" Midnight of December 31! ·The _next moment, the New Year comes! The old year has passed forever! And the air is filled with all sorts of noises. For people should be wide awake to meet the New Year. The old, the young, the little children-all join together in the noisy welcome to the New Year. Why do we say "a new year"? . Well, there are several reasons. But I think the most important reason is this: everybody feels that with a · new year he starts a new life. · He begins to have a new hope, new determination, and new courage. We hope that the new year may bring to us many of the things that we have been wanting to have. Up to this time many of our wishes have not come, but the new year renews our hopes. 1 During the past year we may have failed in many things. We may not have aecomplished as much as we had wanted. We plan to study harder; we want to please our parents; we intend to be. always good and friendly to our friends and classmates. But we have not succeeded in many things. The new year gives us a new determination to reach success. We need new courage to face again the future for we know not what it may bring to us. We do not know, yet we dare to go on waiting for the arrival, one by one, of the three hundred sixty-five days with whatever cargo they may bring to us. New Year is a new life indeed. It is not the noise, nor the greetings, nor the happy feelings of people that make the new year. It is the new hope, the new determination, and the new courage that are born in everybody's heart. These are things that make the new year. -DR. I. PANLASIGUI }ANUARY, 19•f.l THE YOUNG CITIZEN A POEM FOR THIS MONTH STANDING AT THE PORTAL By FRANCES R. HAVERGAL STANDING at the portal Of the opening year, Words of comfort meet us, Hushing ev'ry fear; Spoken through the silence By our Father's voice, Tender, strong,. and faithful, Making us rejoice. "I, the Lord, am with theeBe thou not afraid; I will help and strengthen-=Be thou not dismayed: Yea, I will uphold thee With my own right hand; Thou art called and chosen In my sight to stand." For the year before us, Oh, what rich supplies! . For the poor and needy Living streams shall rise; For the sad and sinful Shall His grace abound; For the faint and feeble Perfect strength be found. He will never fail us, He will not forsake; His eternal covenant He will never break. Resting on His promise, What have we to fear? Gcid is all-sufficient For the coming year. 4 THE YOUNG CITIZEN FOR FIRST GRADERS DO YOU KNOW ME? By CARIDAD PACHECO• Read my story. Draw a line under my number on the line. name. Write my I am yellow and white. I have four feet and a tail. I can bark loud. I say "Bow-wow." I love my master. What am I? cat dog hen boy - - I am white. I have soft fur. I have four feet and a tail. I walk very quietly. I catch mice. I have sharp claws. I say "Mew-mew." hen dog girl cat --1 am white. I have two feet and two wings. I walk slowly. I can swim. I like the water. I say "Quack-quack." Do you know me? horse duck hen man--. •Teacher, Cojuangco School, Paniqui, .Tarlac. I am big and black. I have four feet and two horns. I can pull a cart. I like the water. I help the . farmer. Do you know my name? goat dog cat carabao - - I am brown. I have four legs and four hoofs. I can run fast. I like to eat grass. My master rides me. What am I? duck horse goat cat --1 am black. I have four legs. I dig in the ground with my snout. I can squeal. I like to eat corn. Many people eat my meat. horse carabao pig goat - - }ANU,\RY, 19.p THE YOUNG CITIZEN FOR FIRST GRADERS CAN YOU CHECK 'THE ANSWER? Hr TARCILA ESPINOSA• WHAT DO YOU 11.EAD IN SCHOOL ? TREE ? ~·~'~ man o c leaf c horse o flag c=i * Tarlac Training Center, Tarlac, Tarlac. 6 THE YOUNG CITIZEN JANUARY, 19•P FOR SECOND GRADERS READING AND COLORING By GERV ACIA GUARIN • This bird is a maya It sings sweetly. Have you seen a maya? What colors were its feathers? Color ·this picture. This is a big frog. He is. green. and brown. He lives in the water. -He ·makes a loud noise. Color him green and brown. Do you know the name of this animal? This is a rat. He eats our food. Color him brown. Here is a picture of my dog. He is a good dog. I like him and he likes me. I feed him well. Color the picture of my dog. •Teacher, Arayat Central School, Arayat1 Pampanga. JANUARY, 19of.I THE YOUNG CITIZEN FOR SECOND GRADERS OUR HEALTH FRIENDS By GERVACIA GUARIN This man is a doctor. He comes to us when we are sick. He gives us medicine to take. He tells us how to get well. This woman is a nul'se. She stays at the hospital. She takes care of us when we are sick. She helps to get us well. ·This woman is a teacher. She helps the school nurse. She teaches us health habits. r-- She tries to keep our bodies well and healthy. This man is a dentist. He looks at our teeth. He cleans them. Sometimes he fills them. Sometimes he pulls one. .8 THE YOUNG CITIZEN JANUARY, 19 .. p FOR THIRD GRADERS A LESSON IN GOOD MANNERS classmates was with him. Both bciys played in the house. They w,ere noisy. Big Brother could not · learn his lesson. Why not? Read the words under Ploy ctuietly Then you will not disturb other members of the family. the picture of the two funny boys. Will you remember to do that? If our playing in the house is noisy, we may disturb other persons who are reading -or learning lessons or are sick. BIG BROTHER was at home learning his lesson. Little Brother was at school. After a while Little Brother came home. One of his Boys and girls with good manners are always very thoughtful of others. They play quietly in the house. They do not disturb others. Do you want to be that way? Finding the Right Word Find the right word and write it in the blank. · 1. I should play --- in the 3. I must have --- manners, ,house. even when I play. 2. Then I will not - - other 4. If I wish to play--, I will people. play outdoors. good quietly noisily disturb Something to Do Draw a square measuring three inches on each side. Then draw the picture of the two funny boys shown above. Under them write or print the words whicq you see .. Memorize those words. Say them to Mother, Daddy, Brother, and Sister. JANUARY, 1941 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 9 FOR THIRD GRADERS ANOTHER LESSON IN GOOD MANNERS ball and bat and glove." So they got Juan's glove, ball, and bat. They played ball for a long time. When they stopped playing, th e y threw the bail and bat and glove down on the ground. Then they went Be just as careful of your friend's toys as of your own.· • away. That night it rained. The ball and glove were spoiled. We must always be as careful of the playthings of our friends as if they were our own playthings. THREE boys wanted to play ball, but they did not have any ball or bat or glove. Carlos said, "Let us use Juan's This is the way boys and girls do who have good manners. They are always thoughtful. · Do you want to be that way? Read and Choose Draw a line through the word not needed. 1. Be careful careless of your friend's toys. 2.. Do not forget to keep return · your friend's toys. 3. Your friend likes dislikes his toys as well as you like yours. 4. You should never see injure any of your frie_nd's playthings. Some More Drawing Draw another square measuring three inches on each side. Then draw the picture shown above of the two funny boys playing ball. Under them write or print the words which you see. Memorize those words. Say them to all of your friends. JO THE YOUNG CITIZEN JANUARY, 1941 MOTHER PIG AND HER BABIES WHAT a big family of babies Mother Pig has! How many can you find in the picture? They are all little squealers and gruntersthey squeal when they are hungry and grunt when they are happy. Mother Pig is really a lazy mother. After she feeds her babies, she takes very little care of them, but they can take care of themselves. At first their food is milk from their mother, but soon they ·can dig in the ground with their snouts and find roots for food. Their eyes are open when they are born. They can run about in their pen in a very short time. Sometimes Mother Pig is careless and lies down on one of her babies. Sometimes the farmer builds a low shelf around the pen so the little pigs can crawl under it. Then the mother can not lie on them. Many people eat young pigs and grown pigs, too, for food. They make good food for people if they are fattened on clean things. If they eat dirty things; we should not use their meat for food. The meat of pigs is called pork. Many people will not eat pork. JANUARY, 1941 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 11 LITTLE STORIES FOR LITTLE PEOPLE DANIEL'S PRESENT FOR MOTHER ADAPTED BY PANCITA FLORES DANIEL clutched his money tightly in his hand as he hurried down the street. Tomorrow was Mother's birthday and Daniel knew what he wanted to buy for Mother-the most beautiful red scarf he had ever seen. How very happy she would be when he gave it to her! Daniel had been helping Daddy every day for a long, long time so that he could earn enough money. He looked at the two bright fifty-centavo pieces in his hand. "A whole peso I've earned," thought Daniel proudly. "That's just enough to buy that pretty red scarf." Daniel was walking along to· the store so fast that he almost bumped into Dolores, the little girl who lived next door. She was standing in· the middle of the sidewalk crying. "Oh, dear!" thought Daniel. "I wonder what's the matter. Maybe I can help her, but I must not stop too long because I have to buy Mother's present." The little girl was crying· so hard that she didn't even notice Daniel. "Hello, Loling," said Daniel. "Why are you crying?" "I- I- lost my m-money," she sobbed, as she rubbed her eyes hard, "and n-now I can't buy my m-mother a birthday present." "ls tomorrow your mother's birthday, too?" asked Daniel. "Yes, and I was going to buy her a present, but I lost my money," and the little girl-began to cry again. "Oh, dear me!" thought Daniel sadly. "Now, what can I do about this?" He knew how bad he would feel if he had lost the money he had earned, and couldn't buy anything for his mother's birthday. "Where did you lose your money?" asked Daniel. "We may find it." But Dolores shook her head sadly. "I don't know where I Jost it," she said. "I had thirty centavos-a twenty-centavo piece and two five-centavo pieces. I put them in my pocket and kept my hand right there so they wouldn't fall out. But look!" She turned her pocket inside out so that Daniel could see the hole down in the corner of it. "My m-m-money's-all gone, and ·n-now I c-can't buy a present," and once more she began to cry. "Please don't cry," begged Daniel. "Let's walk back and see whether we can find it." But no matter .where they How happy and prriud they were! 12 THE YOUNG CITIZEN JANUARY, 1941 looked or how hard they looked, they "Oh, Daniel," said Dolores, happily, couldn't find even one piece of the pointing to a lovely plant with red blosmoney. soms growing in a pot. "I know Mother "I guess it's no use, Daniel," said would just love that. Do you suppose Dolores sadly. "I'll just have to tell that a plant like that would cost too Mother why I didn't give her anything. much?" Thank you for trying to help me any- "That plant is twenty,five centavos," way." Then she started slowly down the said the smiling clerk who had been street. watching the children. "Would you like Daniel watched her as she trudged it?" along. He felt very sorry because he "Yes," said Daniel. "We'd like to couldn't help her. He looked at the two buy it." He tried not to feel too sad fifty-centavo pieces still clutched tightly as he gave the clerk one of his fiftyin his hand. centavo pieces. "No," thought Daniel, "I couldn't The clerk wrapped up the plant in give her any of my money. Why, I shiny green paper, and gave Daniel his wouldn't have enough left to buy that change. Dolores hugged her beautiful pretty red scarf for Mother." gift tightly in her arms. Daniel was glad Then he remembered how Mother had when he saw how happy she was over always told him never to be selfish. He . her ,purchase. knew that she wouldn't be happy to have "And now, what can I do for you?" a beautiful present if Dolores' mother asked the clerk; smiling at Daniel. didn't have any present at all. "I wanted to get a scarf. But I have "Wait a minute, wait a minute," cried only seventy-five centavos left," answered Daniel, running down the street after Daniel. "Have you any scarfs for Dolores as fast as his legs would carry seventy-five centavos?" him. "I have a splendid idea. Look!" . "Oh, yes," answered the clerk. "We And Daniel held out his two fifty-centavo have all kinds of beautiful scarfs. Here's pieces. "I'm going to buy something a pretty blue one." for my mother, because tomorrow is .her Daniel looked at it sadly. It wasn't birthday, too, but there's enough money nearly so pretty as the red one in the here for both of .us." window. "Oh, no," said Dolores. "Then you "And here's a green one," said the wouldn't be able to buy what you wane clerk, holding up another scarf. · to." "Have-have-you any red ones?". "I don't care," answered Daniel brave- asked Daniel timidly. ly. "There are lots of nice presents "There's a very nice red one in the that don't cost so much. Come on." window. Would you like that?" The two children hurried down ·the "Oh, that's the most beautiful scarf of street until they came to the big store. all," said Daniel. "That's -the one I Daniel tried not to look at the red scarf was going to buy. But it costs a peso," in the window. He remembered the he added, sadly. sign, PI.00, which had been there when "Not any more it doesn't," the clerk he had looked at it before. (Please turn to page 34.) JANUARY, 1941 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 13 READING TIME FOR YOUNG FOLKS AMONG THE WILD ANIMALS OF EAST AFRICA Tnu Experie11us Related bp a You119 Traveler* I. C!-IARGED BY A RHINOCEROS Head of the African rl1i11oaros. This species has two horns. IT w As on-coming car. Some of these antelopes ·just past weighed as much as five or six hundred n o o n pounds, and it would have been' tragic when we both for an antelope and our little Ford stood on if we had had a collision. the porch As we looked over the plains, w~ could of the lit- see many giraffes in the far distance eattle rest- ing from the tree tops. They seemed house in very shy and always kept a long ways Ka man- off. It was not until we came into the de, Bel- wide, open plains that we saw zebras. g i a n They, too, are shy animals. A zebra C 0 n g 0 looks much like a donkey; he looks just in Afri- like a jack-ass with a striped coat. They ca, and . usu~lly feed in the open country in order said goodbye to our old friend and guide. to have plenty of room to make a getThen, getting into our little Ford sedan, away whenever they are stalked by a we headed for the northern road towards leopard or a lion. It is a well-known Uganda in central East Africa. fact that the zebra in Africa is the main Uganda .is about one hundred miles diet of 'both the lion and the leopard. from Kamande. For the first fifty miles Once I had to stop our auto very our little car behaved wonderfully well. ~uickly. Before us was a group of about There were tall trees on both sides of the fifteen baboons scattered over the road. road, and it was cool and pleasant driv- But when I sounded my horn they be. ing through their shade. came frightened and ran. They made We passed many antelopes, water- a great chattering noise. ~ometimes they bucks, and gazelles, but as soon as they looked around at us and showed their heard the sound of our motor, they would big white teeth. We could not go very start to run. We had to be quite careful fast in our Ford, for those baboons were not to run into any of them. Manv continually blocking our road, but by· times when they were frightened they did constantly sounding the horn, we were not look where they were going, but able to get through. would run directly into the path of our The high trees soon disappeared be•The author of this article, a young man now living in l'vfanila, has written a number of true stories especially for THE YOUNG C1T1ZEN. In these articles he tells of his experiences among the big wild animals of East Africa. One of these stories will appear in each· number for some months to come.-THE EotTOR. hind us, and the endless plain 'lay before us with some hills in the far distance. The tropical sun burned everything exposed, and the heat and the dust were very annoying. Soon we experienced a hardsh.ip of African travel. Just as we were reach14 THE YOUNG CITIZEN JANUARY, 19.p I stopped the Ford and looked. There, about one hundred yards ahead of us, were two great African rhinoceroses. That sight brought terror to my heart, for a rhino is a two-ton killer with a terrible disposition. He will charge anything that crosses his path. I knew that if those rhinos would hear us or get our scerit, they would charge at once. Now I , Map showing a port of Bdgian Co1190 and U grmda iu Africa wished I had my high-power rifle, but that was back in Naiing the fdothills of the mountains and I robi. All I had was a small pistol, and was thinking how delightful the cool · that would have no more effect on the shade would be, one of our front tires tough hide of a rhinoc~ros than an air blew out with a terrific bang. I was rifle. glad when we got that tire changed, for Our Ford sedan would afford little the mid-afternoon sun was unbearable. · protection against the· rhinos, and then We got back into the car and started there was that broken spring. While we on our way. Soon the main road ended, sanhere in the Ford, our eyes were fixed and the rest of the way could not be called on every movement of the rhinos. Soon a road. It was just a dried-up riverbed we saw them put their noses to the filled with rocks and stones which had ground. Then they started off on a dogbeen washed down from the mountain- trot. This could mean one of two side. We played criss-cross in avoiding . things: eithe"r they" had gotten the· scent the rocks, and hop-scotch in jumping of an enemy, or they were contentedly over the bumps. going on their own way. we· hoped .that Finally we encountered a large rock it was the latter. which we could not get over. Our little Now was our opportunity to get by: Ford struck against it with considerable We drove along slowly, and when we force. I heard something snap. Upon were a little distance away, suddenly the investigaiion, I found we had broken rhinos turned and started on a run. We our front spring. This meant that we looked ahead and there on the side of had to go still slower, or we would have the road under the shade of a tree was to remain in this leopard and lion in- a large red truck .. The rhinos headed tested country all night. directly for it. Both of them plunged We started slowly down the hill, care- their heads against the side of the truck fully .choosing our way. My eyes were with terrific force, and knocked it over fixed upon the road, while my friend was on one side. watching the scenery. Suddenly my Just then we saw two . natives jump companion grabbed my arm and said, out of the truck on the other side, and "Whai is that ahead of us?" r.un for their lives through the high JANUARY, 1941 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 15 grass. The two natives had been asleep in the truck and had not seen the charging animals. We sat breathless in our Ford sedan and watched those furious beasts while they pounded away at that truck. They would back away a few feet and then come crashing down with all their weight tearing, crushing, and pounding all parts of the truck. The metal hood of the engine was thrown high into the air. One of the rhinos plunged his head through the windshield and those two huge beasts had done. The scene was very fascinating and the rhinos had disappeared in the bushes, so we decided to stop our car and look to see, if possible, what had happened to the two. natives. While we were standing there, we heard a breaking of branches and a snorting sound. We quickly looked toward the bushes and there we saw those rhinos both headed in our direction with their eyes fixed on us. We made a leap for our car. As we did so, both r h i n o s started on the charge. l turned the key, and .stepped on the starter. I expected every second to feel the crash of the great weight of the beasts against our little Ford. tore the whole cab away. One of them attacked the steel disk wheel and ripped the tire off. He got the tire fastened around his neck and that made him more furious than ever. He turned ·around and pawed the ground until Tlie Afria1n rltinoceros wei9hs tWo tons t111tl has an u9ly temper. I stepped on the gas and the car leaped forfinally he tore the tire in two and got it off his head. This attack by the rhinos lasted for nearly an hour. When they finally stopped there was nothing left of that truck but a mass of crumpled steel and splinters. The two rhinos seemed quite satisfied with the job they had done and started off into the bushes. We waited a few minutes, and then decided we had better hurry on. We certainly hoped that the rhinos would not reappear. We drove slowly by the truck in order to get a closer view of the damage that ward with a speed that had never been shown before. We stirred up a great cloud of dust as we started off. This cloud of dust may have saved our lives. Whethe~· or not it was the dust or the smoke from the exhaust which frightened the animals, I do not know. We were so scared we did not dare to look around. All that we knew was that we had escaped the charging rhinos. To this day we believe it must have been a miracle. QUESTIONS I. Where is Belgian Congo? Uganda? (Please turn to page 34.) • 16 THE YOUNG CITIZEN jANUARY, 1941 THE MAGIC SPELL Br SER~IANITA MANGILAYA • MANY YEARS ago there was a chieftain who had a handsome son named Ukay. The young man was gentle and kind, and spent many hours each day wandering in the meadows and forest, making friends with the birds and the wild animals. As he grew older he ·became friendly with the animals, and even learned to talk with some of them. In the forest where Ukay liked to roam there lived a wicked witch. She amused herself by sticking thorns into the monkeys' hands and feet, by putting red ants into birds' nests to destroy the young birds, and by sending flies to torture the panting deer. Now, strange as it may seem, when this witch saw Ukay growing taller an_ d handsomer each day she fell in love with him and wished to marry him. She made herself.young and beautiful in order to win his love, but the young man •• lbajay Elementary School, lbajay, Capiz.. knew it was the witch of the forest. He remembered her cruelty to the animals and would have nothing to do with her. "If you care more for monkeys than you do for me," she said, "go to them and be a monkey like them, and all your pea.pie with you." Saying these words, she cast a magic spell over the whole village, turning the houses into trees and all the people into monkeys .. To Ukay she said, "You thought more of kindness to animals than you did of me. Never shall you regain your own human shape until some human being does .you a deed of kindness." Many years passed and in time another ·village grew up close to the forest that had once been the realm of Ukay's father. A church was built, and then the wicked witch was obliged to leave, for magic cannot exist near the holy cross. Poor Ukay, now a monkey in form, longed to be a man again, but whenever .he went near the villagers they stoned him and drove him away. One day as he sat in a tree, he saw a lovely young girl come out of the church and walk toward his tree. She sat down in its shade and burst into tears. Up to that moment Ukay had been hoping for human kindness towa·rd himself. Now, as he saw this poor girl crying, the tears came to his own eyes. He clam·bered down to her and put his monkey head on her shoulder. In his sympathy for her sorrow he quite forgot that he was no longer a man-only a monkey. . The girl jumped in, horror as the monkey touched her. Then, as she lost (Please lur11 to page 36.) JANUARY, 1941 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 17 AN EXCITING GAME By RAMON YULO • OUR PROVINCE is divided into five ath-. letic units. Once each year we have a provincial athletic meet which is held in one of the important towns of the province, usually during the town fiesta. Each athletic unit is represented in this meet by the champion teams in various athletic games and events. There is always great rivalry among the various teams of the different units to see which will get to play at the annual provincial meet. We're · in the ~1111 thirdath- ~ letic unit of our province which comprises four different towns. There is stiff competition among the teams of these Before it was time for the champ game to start, of course l was with our boys. I could see that they were not at ease. Th·ey knew that their opponents were just as good players as they were-perhaps better-and so the game would be hard fought. At one-thirty in the a·fternoon the game began. It was a five-inning game. From the very beginning each player was determined to do his best. There was intense int ere.st among the friends of the two teams. t OW n s, ''You're Qut!" sliouted tlie umpire. At the endj gf the fourth in.ning the score stood 3 to 8 in our favor. Our players and all the rooters for our team felt for each feam wishes to become a cham- jubilant. pion team of our unit. The fifth inning began. Then a strange To decide upon the champion teams thing happened. Whether it was due to we have a unit meet. Several years ago over-confidence or nervousness, I do not the baseball championship had narrowed know, but suddenly our pitcher seemed down to two teams--ours and that of a to lose control o( his throws. Everybody neighboring town. The championship noticed it. game vyas to be played in the afternoon Things began to look bad for us. of the second day of the meet. Through "balls" our opponents scored three "homes" with nobody out and the bases full. That made the score 6 to 8. The score was still in our favor, but we • BaseDall Coach, La Carlota Elementary School, La Carlota, Occidental N egros. 18 THE YOUNG CITIZEN began to be scared. If our opponents would make three more home runs, the score would be 9 to 8 and our team would be the losers. Our pitcher continued to throw wild. The batters of our opposing team just stood at the batter's box waiting for "balls," while their companions were wildly cheering. Our players and rooters became terrified. If we lost, it meant that we had no representation in the baseball games at the provincial athletic meet. I lookea at our pitcher. "Don't give up, son," I shouted. "We haven't lost the game yet." I saw him grit his teeth. Then he paused a moment and looked around, calmly and deliberately. I hoped he was getting hold of himself .. Sure enough, he was. Immediately I saw that once more our pitcher had got control of his throws. Good. throws came-one after the other in rapid succession. A batter of our opponent's team was struck out. The second "out" came when a ball, hit by the batter, was caught by the pitcher. Two men were out and the bases were full. · Our confidence was restored. If we could just get one more of their men "out," it meant the end for our opponents. The interest was tremendous. There was a breathless stillness. Our pitcher waited a few seconds; then-up went his arm and he sent the ball flying. A good throw! The man at the bat 'bunted the ball which went right to the pitcher. The ball was swifter than the runner to the first base. "You're out!" shouted the umpire. We had won! Then pandemonium turned loose. Our players and rooters were wild with joy. They swarmed out to the field, and for half an hour they shouted for joy, and danced and sang. Our opponents were good losers and congratulated our boys. And, good sports that they were, when our team played at the provincial meet, these former opponents were there, cheering and yelling for our team. They had the true athletic spirit. " QUESTIONS TO BE ANSWERED I. Did you ever play baseball? Indoor baseball? 2. Do you know all the rules of the game? 3. Have you ever gone to an athletic meet? 4. Did a team from your school play? Did your team win? Or lose? 5. Are you interested in athletic sports? . Do you take part in them? 6. What is the true athletic spirit? Do you have it? 7. Do you like to "play fair?" What is meant by that? ' 8. Why are athletic sports important? 9. Is it possible to play athletic games in the wrong way? How? IO. Make a list of all the athletic sports you can think of. Draw one line under the name of those you like best. Two lines under those you play. A red line urider those in which you are an outstanding player. · 11. Can you make a list of benefits which players in athletic games receive? 12. Do you know of any unsatisfactory results? If so, make a list of them. 13. Is it desirable to have keen competition among teams? 14. Why should teams "play fair"? 15. What is the most exciting baseball game which you ever saw? Can you tell about it? Or write about it? JANUARY, 1941 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 19 THE TWIN STARS By LUZ B. CABANOS • LONG AGO there lived a peasant and· his wife at a beautiful ·spot near the edge of a forest at the foot of a mountain. A pretty little brook near their cottage splashed over the stones, and birds sang in the branches of trees nearby. The man and his wife were a happy couple, because their humble home was made gay and cheerful by twin sisters who were the only children of the peasant and his wife. The little twin girls were lovely children. They were often called "Little S.tars" because they had eyes that sparkled like stars. They were as good, too, as they were pretty. All the people who went to the peasant's cottage loved the little "twin stars. n The family lived happily and contentedly. Every day the father went to cut wood in the forest, while his wife took care of the home and prepared the •San Nicolas Elementilry School, San Nicolas, Ilocos Norte. food. The little "twin stars" helped their mother as much as they could. They fetched water from the spring, and gathered fuel from the edge of the forest. Everything went well until the children were seven years old._ One ·morning, just as usual, the peasant went to cut wood, but at sunset he did. not return. So the anxious ·wife and children went out to look for him. To their horror they found his lifeless body where a tree had fallen on him. The·mother and her Iiitle "twin stars" had a hard time after that. They picked . up the broken dead limbs of the trees of the forest and sold them in the village in order to get money for their daily needs. A year passed. One morning the childre11 were ill. Panic stricken, the mother passed her hand over the forehead of ~ach. Both had a raging fever. For two days and two nights the mother kept watch over her precious "little stars," but the third day both children were worse and soon the life in each little body was snapped out. After that the poor mother was very lonely. Every night she cried and.prayed. "Dear Lord," she would say, "my little · 'twin stars' are gone. I want to see them again.u One night she dreamed that an angel said to het, "Be comforted. Your prayer will be answered." She opened her eyes, and looked through the window. There in the sky shone two "twin stars." "There they are! My little 'twin stars'!" exclaimed the mother. (Please turn tO page 37.) 20 THE YOUNG CITIZEN JANUARY, 1941 MUSIC APPRECIATION SECTION GREAT COMPOSERS OF MUSIC SECOND SERIES By BERT PAUL OSBON• I. PALESTRINA P A LESTRIN .-\ Bo~-" i11 152.J.; 1/inl iu 1596 "Goo's in His Heaven; a 11 's right with the world" is what y o u n g Giovanni Pierluigi might have sung one day in 1536 as he passed by the church of Santa Mari a Maggiore in Rome, where he had gone from his home town of Palestrina in Italy for a day of sight-seeing. So clearly and so joyously did he sing that a priest in the church who heard him invited him to become a choir-boy. Young· Giovanni promptly accepted the invitation. All the 'rest of his curiously quiet and uneventful life was passed in writing music for the church and training choirs to sing it. The composer usually called Palestrina was born in the small town of that name not far from Rome in 1524 or 1525 or 1526-we do not know the exact date. \\' hen he was a boy he spent four years in Rome, where he studied music and sang as a choir-boy. Then he returned * Formerly Supervisor of Public School 1'.1usic, Mount Lebanon, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. to his native town of Palestrina, and became an organist. He was married when he was twenty-one years old. About 1550 he went to Rome as teacher of the boy-singers in the Vatican. He was wholly dependent for his livelihood upon the favor of the ruling pope. His first book of masses was dedicated to Pope Julius who was a v.ery kindly patron. His glorious Mass of Marcellus, one of his finest, was dedicated to the successor of Pope Julius. Palestrina lost his position in Rome because married choir-masters were displeasing to the pope. So at the height of his powers he was obliged to retire to poverty, illness, the wife he had married, and their two children. In a few months, however, another church sought him out. At that time church music was in a bad way. The songs of the streets had invaded its purity and vulgarized the church service. Some of the composers took their music for masses from popular songs, even those with vulgar or ridiculous words. They even tolerated the singing of these phrases to their original words, while the mass proceeded with the Latin words. It is not surprising, therefo~e, that in the middle of the century there arose a sharp debate about the whole method of church music. A committee, the Council of Trent, was in session for twenty years trying, among other things, to determine what should be done about the musical situation .in the church. Finally the council voted against the }ANUARY, 1941 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 21 use of music which was ·"lascivious or impure" and the matter was left to church officials with a general warning. There were some who thought of excludinK music from the service. The Emperor Ferdinand I stated that in his judgment "figured" music should not be excluded, "since it often arouses the feeling of piety." !twas now proclaimed that the masses of Palestrina, being the only ones which had the ideal of pure music, should be used as models. His P.1 ass . of Marcellus was chosen as a model mass, and thus Palestrina is sometimes called "the saviour of . church music," although this estimate is somewhat exaggerated. But from that time there was a marked improvement in the music regularly used in the church. and wrote two or three harmonizing parts to be sung with it. This laid the found·ation for later polyphonic or manyvoiced writing. Without a Palestrina there might have been no Bach, no Beethoven. Palestrina, whose half-century of musical activity was almost wholly spent in Rome, wrote the finest music of his time. In the field of church music it could not be surpassed. When properly performed, Palestrina's works stand among the noblest triumphs of religious art. In character Palestrina was devout, pious, frugal, and industrious. We can guess his industry from the amount of compositions which he did. As to his piety, all his music is one eloquent demonstration of it. In dedicating a book of compositions, Palestrina .wrote: "Music exerts a great influence on the minds of mankind, and is intended not only to cheer these, but also to guide and Of all . the musicians who lived in those days, he whose music is most beautiful for its simplicity and sincerity was Palestrina. The music of Palestrina will give you an idea of how greatly the cathedral Chair BV}'S of Palestrina's Time control them. n age encouraged the growth of music. Listen to Palestrina's Gloria Patria (in Latin) and his Hodie Christus Natus Est. No wonder the townspeople of Palestrina gave him a great demonstration when he was fifty, as they marched through the streets of Rome, Palestrina at their head, singing in chorus the music he had written. That music was perfect of its kind. He took the cantus firmus, or simple theme, When, in 1594, Palestrina died, almost his last words, whispered to his son, directed the publication of his latest musical compositions "to the glory of the most high God, and the worship of His holy temple." The title Princeps Musicae, which was placed on his tomb in Rome, marks him as the first prince of a royal line of composers of music for the church. REVIEW I. Name eleven great composers which 22 THE YOUNG CITIZEN }ANUARY1 19,p were discussed in the 1940 volume of TH& YOUNG CITIZEN. (Bach, Handel, Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, Mendelssohn, Schumann, Chopin, Wagner, and Brahms.) 2. Which two of those named were born first? (Bach and Handel, both born in 1685.) 3. When was Palestrina born? 4. Why is he called "Palestrina"? 5. What was his first name and what does it . mean? r - (Giovanni J; . in Italian I · means John I\ in English and Juan in Spanish.) 6. What did he do as a boy? 7. What position did he have in his home town? Without a Palestrina there might have been no Bach, no Beethoven. 16. Do you think Palestrina had any influence upon the mass which can be heard today in any Catholic church? 17. Can you give the name of any music which Palestrina wrote? · 18. Have you ever heard any of his music? 19. Why should good musicians know about Palestrina? 20. Read this biography of Pa1 est r in a again. Then answer all the questions. If you cannot do so, study the biography. 21. When did Palestrina die? 8. Where did he go next .and what did he do? Palestrina, Master of the Mass 22. Read a biography of Palestrina in the encyclopedia. Then write 9. Why did he lose this position? 10. Tell about the church music of that time. I I. What music became models of church music? '12. What is Pa I est r in a sometimes called? Why? 13. What can you say of Palestrina's music? 14. Tel.I of the character of Palestrina. 15. What does this sentence mean: as much as you can from memory -regarding Palestrina. 23. If you can get a history of music, read about the music which Palestrina composed. 24. What is a Gregorian chant? 25. If you are friendly with any priest, ask him to tell you about tl)e Gregorian chant and about Palestrina's music. 26. Name three of the compositions of Palestrina. }ANUARY, 1941 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 23 ELEMENTARY SCIENCE SECTION THE WORLD'S MOST IMPORTANT PLANT FAMILY Grass is the most important plmtt family i11 the world. A ti importaut Philippine member of tlte gross family is tlte bamboo. THERE is a fable of a magic carpet that carries one to wealth and the world's wonders. Grasses-the most important and useful family of the whole vegetable kingdom-might be called such a magic carpet for the earth's surface. Wild and cultivated, the grass family is the greatest contributor to the needs of human and animal life, and therefore grass is the world's most important plant family. Four very important members of the grass family are grown in the Philippines. They are bamboo, rice, sugarcane, and corn. Another important ~rass, not grown in the Philippines, is wheat from which is made the wheat flour that supplies our bread. Grasses are the most widely distributed of all the plant families. The giants of the family are the bamboos such as we have in the Philippines. Small · and middle-sized grasses grow in greatest luxuriance in the temperate zones, although grasses not over two inches high cling close to the cold ground right up to the borders of the field of ice and snow in the frigid zones. There are more than 4,000 species of grasses in this large and very important family. Grasses grow, or ca·n be made to grow, on all kinds of ~oil and in all sorts of conditions. They thrive on the .bank.s of streams, along the seashore, in the low, wet marshlands, pn the sunny meadows, or in the shade of woodlands. The grasses can boast of their long ancestry, for they belong to one of the oldest families of the vegetable kingdom. As far back as history can go, grasses were growing in abundance. One of the most important things grasses ao is to bind down the soil until plants of larger and slower growth can establish themselves, and even then the grasses protect the roots of trees and other plants. They are among the first of plants to cover waste or barren ground and to reclaim a neglected roadway or field. They are well-fitted for makifig their own way in the world. They are rapid growers. Bamboo shoots sometimes grow two or three feet in 24 hours. The colossal treelike grass called bamboo has well been styled "one of the most wonderful and most beautiful productions of the tropics, and one of Nature's most valuable gifts to man." It is a gift, (Pleau turn to page 36.) 24 THE YOUNG CITIZEN JANUARY, 1941 HOW WE CAME TO HAVE ARITHMETIC WHEN men first learned to count, arithmetic w a s i n· vented, for arithmetic is the knowledge of numbers and Doi11g sums b11 mqchinery. their use. It Computing scales ore found ;,, enters into "!any stores.. our d a i I y lives .in telling time, in spending money, and in all forms of measuring. It is used to keep score in games. It is used in cooking,- sewing, gardening, and other occupations of the home. It is necessary to the farmer, to the man who works at a trade, io the merchant, and to men and women in the professions. When ~en first became farmers and herdsmen, they had to count their flocks, the yield of crops, and the like. Among the methods for doing this, the one most employed was based on the use of the fingers. That is, a man would count up to I 0, and then make a mark, or another man would hold up one finger. Greek and Roman arithmetic could not go beyond the simplest reckoning. The Romans used a very cumbersome system of writing numbers, as in the Roman figure for 18 which is XVIII; the figure for 1933 is MCMXXXIII. The Romans and Greeks did not like to consider "nothing" as a number, so would not use 0. When the idea of Arabic numbers, such as I, 3, 9, and the use of 0 to indicate "place value" (as in distinguishing 13 from I 030) came to Europe, the idea was so startling that the very word for 0 acquired a new meaning. The Arabs called it sifr meaning "empty." This is called "cipher" in English. A knowledge of arithmetic of a simple kind goes back thousands of years. It was· known among the ancient Chinese, the Babylonians, the Egyptians, and the Greeks long before the Christian era. But arithmetic, as we know it, is only a few hundred years old. The Arabic notation, in its present form, did not come into general use in Europe until the 16th century. . . The ·first book of arithmetic to be printed was written in Latin, and ap· peared in Italy in 1478, a few years after printing was invented and shortly 'before Columbus discovered America. Other early arithmetics were published in 1484 and 1496. The early books contained, along with material which has been discarded, most of the modern methods of arithmetic. The modern world owes to their authors a great debt of gratitude. Arithmetic is so rigid and accurate that we now have machines which can add, subtract, multiply, and divide. These are frequently seen in offices, markets, and grocery stores. REVIEW QUESTIONS I. Does everyone use arithmetic? Why do you think so? 2. What can you say of the Roman method of writing numbers? 3. ·can you write some Roman numbers? 4. Who introduced the use of zero (0) (Please turn to page 37.) }ANUARY, 1941 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 25 HISTORY SECTION THE STONE AGE A ROUGH STONE into a more usepicked up at ful shape. He the river's edge was the first was the first great inventor. weapon and the With him befirst tool used . gan. what scienby man. Scien- tists call the Old tists tell us that Stone Age or this happened the Paleolithic a b o u t 300,000 Age. y e a r s a g o. The discovery Whenever it that flint would 5 • • • was, we may imagine a man climbing down from his tree home, and finding a nut too hard even for his strong teeth. He picks up a stone and crushes the nut. Perhaps it is not fit to eat. But he forgets that in the joy of having invented the first h:1:mmer. Then man began gathering stones, round ones to throw at birds and small animals, and heavy ones to crack oysters and nuts. Perhaps he cut himself with a sharp stone and so discovered the first knife or hatchet. Some thousands of years later, the descendants of those early tree dwellers became dissatisfied with the shape of their stone tools and weapons. One of them succeeded in chipping a piece of flint flake off, leav·ing sharp edges, must be ranked as one of the great discoveries of that early world. It enabled man by means of his improved weapons to wage a successful battle against wild beasts, and to obtain food by hunting large game. Thus he developed the energy and confidence which enabled him to make further steps forward in civiliza~ ti on. For perhaps 150,000 years the rough chipping of flint for spears, hatch'Cts, knives, and arrows continued. The workmanship became finer, and new tools were invented for scraping flesh from skins and for drilling and cutting bone and horn. Soon these last materials began to be used for weapons, along with THE YOUNG CITIZEN JANUARY, 1941 stone. Rude fish-hooks were made and arrows with barbed points. This was the age of the Cave Men. Later still came the New Stone Age or Neolithic Age, when men learned to grind and polish the rough edges of their flint tools and weapons, so that a knife would cut more easily, and a spear be driven into an animal more surely. Last came the discovery of metals, chiefly copper and tin, which ended the Stone Age altogether and ushered in the Age of Bronze. It is largely through the study of such old flint weapons found in all parts of the world that scientists are able to trace the story of early man. But in many parts of the world the use of stone implements continued into modern times. The American Indians were using stone pointed arrows when America was discovered by Columbus in 1492. England and France are particularly rich in these relics, the most famous of which is the stone combination called Stonehenge, on Salisbury Plain in England. Important examples of this earliest form of the builder's art are to be found in India, North.em Africa, ·South America, and some of the islands of the Pacific Ocean. Frequently these monuments stand far removed from any stone deposits. How such huge blocks of stone were transplanted and set up by primitive man will probably always remain a mystery. On this page is shown a picture of a bowl made when our remote ancestors Among the relics which are believed to date back A Relic of the Stone Age had· just learned to make pottery. The hands that so cunningly shaped this bowl, with its graceful curves and herring-bone decorations, withered into oust untold centuries ago, for this bowl, dredged up from the Th~mes river in England, dates ·from the far-off Neolithic Age. to the Stone ·Age are the monuments of huge rough stone found in great numbers in many parts of the world. They consist usually of large single stones set on end in the midst of a plain, or of groups of such stones arranged in circles or squares, or of stones set side by side with a third stone bridging the top. Often these monuments show signs of having been rudely hewn 'by prehistoric architects, and occasionally drawings and carvings of mysterious symbols appear upon them. Many of them are believed to mark the burial places of noted chiefs, while the circle-stones may have been the meeting places of the skin-clad clans. On page 25 are shown pictures of implements which were made when men had already taken several great strides along the rocky path of civilization. The flint knives and arrow heads shown in 1, 2, and 4 are great improvements over earlier implements, for they have been chipped by pressure. Flint, the stone from which many of these implements were made, is so brittle that bits of it will snap off when a hard piece of bone is firmly pressed against it. This process, one of the triumphs of the New Stone Age, produces a far k~ener cutting eqge than the older method of chipping flint by blows with another stone. The (Please turti to page 37.) JANUARY, 1941 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 27 KING ARTHUR OF ENGLAND Kin9 Arthur a11d his Knights of the Round Table KING ARTHUR was a prince of the ancient Britons of England who had all the ideal virtues of knighthood. Of all names in history there is none which is better known than the name of King Arthur. An account of his fame and deeds has been handed down through century after century. Doubtless many of the things told about him are legendary. Nevertheless the story of Arthur is supposed to have some foundation in fact. The real Arthur seems to have lived in the 6th century. He established a famous organization known ·as the Knights of the Round Table, and was surrounded by a splendid court. For some years he reigned in peace, but later he had to fight in battles. He gained fame as a leader of his people in the days when the Romans, after ruling the island of Britain with the capital at London for three centuries, abandoned the land to the rising power of the bar·barians. According to tradition it was . King Arthur who held up the attack, an<! won a great victory probably in the south. (See the map on page 28.) But he was finally defeated. The conquered Britons, who fled to the mountains of Wales and to Brittany in France, began to tell wonderful tales <;>f Arthur's valor and goodness. Later, the knights and poets of chivalry, because Arthur had been a Christian fighting against heathen, fancied him a knight like themselves, and so there appeared many stories around his name. Some of these stories tell of King Arthur as a cultured hero, and a slayer of monsters and gia.nts. His riches and generosity were the admiration of all. When you read English history and literature you will find some of the tales of King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table. One of these stories tells how King Arthur won his crown. According to this legend, Arthur was the goodliest youth in all Britain. Handsome, brave, 28 THE YOUNG CITIZEN jANUAitY, 1941 true-hearted, and gentle-mannered, he had grown up in the old gray castle of a knight whom he thought was his father. One day Arthur started to ride to London, because the archbishop had commanded the nobles to meet in the great church in London and choose a new ruler, as the king had died a long time previous. On the way Arthur stopped at the churchyard and drew forth a splendid sword that he saw fixed upright in an iron anvil in the inidst of a great stone. When he presented this word to the nobles and told where he had found it, he was hailed as the son of the king who had died. It seems that' when Arthur was a child he had been hidden from his enemies who would have killed him. The boy grew to m a n Ii o o d, not. knowing that he was the son of the king .. A magician, according to the story, had so fixed the royal sword in an anvil that only the king's son could draw it forth. The greatest nobles and knights in the land had been unable to move the word when it was in the anvil, due to the magic spell, but when Arthur touched the golden jeweled hit, the blade came free. So Arthur was crowned king. ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS l. Where did King Arthur live? When? 2. Why has King Arthur become famous? 3. Why did people think King Arthur was a knight? 4. What were the knights of King Arthur called? 5. Tell the story of Arthur's crowning. 6. How is King Arthur characterized in the stories told about him? 7. Do we find references to King Arthur fn English literature and history? 8. What is the capital" city of England? 9. Was King Arthur ever in London? 10. What is now occurring in London? II. Have any places of great historical interest been destroyed? 12. What great nation of ancient times once ruled the island of Britain? 13. Why did they abandon tbe land? 14. What is King Arthur said to have done? 15. Can you tell about the knights of King Arthur's time? 16. What virtues did they possess? 17. Does anything pertaining to knighthood remain in England? 18. What caused knighthood to disappear? JANUARY, 1941 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 29 WORK AND PLAY SECTION THROWING SHADOWS ON THE WALL A GREAT DEAL of amusement may be obtained by throwing shadows upon the wall with no other aid than that of the hands. It is necessary to have a good light from a lamp or an electric light, and a white or light-colored surface upon which these various forms, you must next learn to give action to the shadows by moving the fingers or thumbs, so that the animals appear to be eating, or moving the"ir ears or legs. Much fun, for example, can be caused by the movements of the bear shadow. the shadows may be thrown. That is all that is needed in the way of equipment. Practice is required, but very little is essential in the way of directions. The performer must, of course, have his hands between the light and the s u r face u pori which the shadows are to be thrown. ~~4t11 I It also greatly adds to the effect if you can imitate the sounds made by the different animals and birdsbarking, quacking, grunting, and so on, as the case may be. In the picture on this page are shown fifteen shadows of animals that any clever boy or girl can make with a little practice. Imitate closely the position of the hands 'as shown in each picture until you ·can get the shadow clearly and correctly. ~·~ ' dfo.... ~ ~~1 ·~at ... .. "~ ~· 13. "· '" I The shadows which are illustrated are merely a few ef hundreds that may be produced by different combinations of the hands a·nd fingers. Additional forms can be invented as one becomes more skillful in making shadows. Of course, the brighter the light, the blacker will be the shadow. The outline SHADOWS MADE BY THE HANDS ON THE WALL 1. Deer 2. Goat 3. Hound 4. Camel 5. Pig 6. Goose 7. Wolf 8. Old Ram 9. Elephant will be clearer or less· 10. Rabbit 11. Bear 12. Ox 13. Dog 14. Butter- defined as the hands fly 15. Donkey are moved nearer to the light or to the wall. Go over all the different forms again and again, arid after a little while you will remember the position of the hands without having to refer to the picture. This is absolutely necessary in order to make your performance a success. If desired, a special screen may be used on which to give entertainments. This may be of any size. Nail four strips of wood together to form an oblong; then cover this with cheap, white cloth. In using a screen, the performer should let Having succeeded in learning to make (Please turn to page 34.) JO TIJE YOUNG CITIZEN JANUARY, l9'i1-l GEOGRAPHICAL FACTS ABOUT THE PHILIPPINES COMPILED BY JOSE A. PANDY. I. The Philippine Archipelago is a group of 7,090 islands. 2. It is composed of 49 provinces, excluding Romblon. (Manila is considered as a province.) 3. The area of the Philippines is 115,600 square miles, or 299,204.14 square kilometers, or 29,940,414 hectares. 4. In the Philippines there are 922 municipalities, 247 .municipal districts, and 18,025 barrios. 5. The latest census (i939) shows that the population of the Philippines is 16,000,303 inhabitants. 6. The eleven chartered cities of the Philippines are: Manila, Baguio, Cebu, . lloilo, Davao, Zamboanga, Bacolod, Quezon City, Tagaytay, San Pablo, and Cavite. · 7. The ports of entry of the Philippines are: Manila, Cebu, lloilo, Zamboanga, Davao, Aparri, Legaspi, Jose Panganiban, Pulupandan, and J olo. 8. Manila is the capital of the Philippines. 9. Baguio, which has a semi-temperate climate, is the summer capital. 10. Zamboanga is the largest city in the world, not in population but in area; that is, it covers more ground than any other city in the world. 11. Cotabato is the Jar gest province in the Philippines. 12. Mayon volcano, in the province of Albay, is said to have a cone the nearest perfect in shape of any volcano in the world. 13. Mount Apo, in Davao, is the highest mountain peak in the Philippines. • Lucban Elementary School, Lucban, Tayabas. 14. The five most densely populated provinces, in order, are: Cebu, Leyte, N egros Occidental, Pangasinan; and lloilo. 15. The smallest fish in the world is to be found in Lake Buhi in the province of Camarines Sur. ' 16. Pagsanjan Falls, in Laguna, is the most beautiful waterfall in the Philippines. 17. The only Christian country in the Orient is the Philippines. 18. The Philippine Deep, near Mindanao; has the greatesi known ocean depth. 19. Baguio is considered the cleanest city in the Philippines. 20. Two animals are found in the Philippines which, it is claimed, are found in no other part of the world; they are the tamarao and the mouse deer. 21. According to area the five largest ·islands in the Philippines in their order are: Luzon, Mindanao, Samar, Negros, and Palawan. 22. The United States, the mother country, is about 9,000 miles from the Philippines. 23. Pier No. 7, on the waterfront at. Manila, is the finest pier in the Orient, and is said to be the longest in the world. 24. There are two United State; naval stations in the Philippines; they are located respectively at Cavite in the province of Cavite, and at Olongapo in Zambales. 25. The town of Baler, in the province of Tayabas, is the birthplace of the present Philippine president, Manuel L. Quezon. JANUARY, 1941 BREAD is one of the most important articles of food, and history tells of its use thousands of years before the Christian era. Many processes have been used in making and baking, and as a' result, from the first flat cake has come the perfect loaf. Bread is made from flour of wheat, or other cereals, by addition of water, salt, and a ferment (usually yeast in sorrie form). Wheat flour is best adapted for bread making. Wheat Bread THE YOUNG CITIZEN II THE II UE~ JI P~NTRY II_ BREAD MAKING 31 cake, broken in pieces and fingers; add the liquid dissolved in lukewarm wa- gradually mixing with a ter, and five cups of flour. knife to a soft dough. To.ss Stir until thoroughly on a floured board, pat and mixed, add the rem~ining roll lightly to one-half inch flour, toss on a slightly in thickness. Cut out floured board, and knead with a small biscuit cutter. until the mixture is smooth. Place on a buttered pan, Return to the bowl and and bake in a hot oven cover. twelve to fifteen minutes. Let the dough rise at a temperature of 65 degrees Fahrenheit until the mixture has doubled in bulk, the time required being about three hours. Cut the dough down, toss on a slightly floured board, Pan-Cakes Needed ingredients: 3 cups of flour, one and onehalf tablespoons of baking powder, one teaspoon of salt, one-fourth cup of sugshape into !~aves, and put ar~ 2 ~ups of condensed Needed ingredients: one into buttered pans. Cover milk diluted, one egg, 2 tablespoon of lard, one and let it rise again. Then tablespoons of melted buttablespoon of butter, 2 tea- bake it in a hot oven for ter. spoons of salt, one and fifty-five minutes. Mix and sift the·dry inthree-fourths cups of boil- . . ingwater, one-fourth cup of Biscuits gredients. Beat thoroughly condensed milk, one yeast I Needed ingredients: 2 and add the butter. Dr.op cake, one-fourth cup Juke- cups of flour, 5 teaspoons of by spoonfuls on a hot g~1d warm water, 6 cups of baking powder, one tea- die; cook on one side. sifted flour. spoon of salt, 2 tablespoons When puffed,_ full of bubPut the lard, butter, and of lard, one cup of con- bles, and cooked on the salt in a mixing bowl; pour densed milk diluted. edges, turn, and cook on the on the boiling water and the Mix the dry ingredients other side. Serve with hutcondensed milk, and, when and sift twice. Work in the ter and syrup. lukewarm, add the yeast lard with the tips of the (Please turn to page 39.) 32 THE YOUNG CITIZEN JANUARY, 1941 CHARACTER AND CITIZENSHIP SECTION THREE SHORT PLAYLETS By ALFREDO VARGAS I. BE KIND CHARACTERS: Rosita, Jaime, Claro, and a Group of Boys-all fourth grade pupils. SCENE: A school pl~yground. At one side is a group of fourth grade boys quietly talking. At the other side Jaime and Claro are sitting on a bench and are also quietly talking .. ROSITA (Sfie enters cl"ying near Jaime and Claro.): Oh!Oh!Whatwillldo? JAIME: Why are you crying Rosita? Are you hurt? ROSITA: Oh, no! I have lost the ten centavos mother gave me to pay for the. meat which I will buy after school. Mother is sick, and needs some broth. (Crying) Oh! Oli! What will I do? CLARO: Don't cry, Rosita. We will look for youc money. Perhaps we can find it. ROSITA: I have looked and looked for it, and cannoi find it. JAIME: It is too bad that you cannot find your money. CLARO: Wait! I have an idea. (He whispers something into Jaime's ear.) (Please turn to page 39.) . .. . II. BE HELPFUL CHARACTERS: Mrs. Magana (a housewife); Oscar and Rogelio (two school boys). SCENE: In front of Mrs. Magana's house. Mrs. Magana notices the two boys as they come walking in front of her house. MRS. MAGANA: Good afternoon, boys. Were you dismissed from school early this afternoon? Ill. BE HONEST CHARACTERS: MR. TECLA (man$ger of a cafeteria); Filemon and Jose (two school boys). SCENE: In a cafeteria. Mr. Tecla is standing beside a counter as Filemon and Jose enter. MR. TECLA (as the boys enter): Peanuts, boys, peanuts! I have large, freshroasted peanuts. Don't you want some? FILEMON: Dear me, Mr. Tecla ! I don't have any money today. But Jose here has· some money. He will buy some peanuts for us both. JOSE: Please give us four centavos' worth of your peanuts, Mr. Tecla. Here is the money for them. (GivesMr. Tee/a a five-centavo piece.) MR. TECLA: Get your peanuts there on the table. Two small bags of peanuts. Here is your change, Jose. (The boys get the peanuts and begin to eat them. Jose takes-the money from Mr. Tee/a who then goes to another customer and takes no further notice of Jose and Filemon. The boys start toward the door.) JOSE (aside so Mr. Tee/a will not hear him): Filemon, look! Mr. Tecla gave (Please turn to page 37.) OSCAR: Yes, Mrs. Magana. Half ah hour . early. ROGELIO: Your son Jaime was absent from school today. Why did he not attend? Where is he? MRS. MAGANA: I am sorry to say that Jaime is ill. He had fever last night. Please tell his teacher that he cannot go to school for several days. (Please turn to page 36.) jANUARY, 1941 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 33 DANIEL'S PRESENT (Continued fr·om page 12) THE YOUNG CITIZEN THROWING SHADOWS (Continued from page 29) JANUARY, 1941 CHARGED BY A RHINO (Continued from page 15) laughed. "We marked it the audience look upon one 2. Name some wild anidown to seventy-five centa- side of it, whHe he stands mals found in this region .. vos t~is morni~g.,, Would o.n the othe~ side with the 3. Tell something about you hke to buy It.? hght that IS to cast the each of these wild animals. "Oh, yes, yes!" cried shadows beyond. The au- (See the encycfopedia.) Daniel excitedly. "That's dience would see the shadthe one I want." ows through the screen. 4. H~ve you seen any of How happy and proud One may achieve local t~e animals named_? Or the two children were as fame by becoming. the com- PI~tures of them? What they hurried along ·home, munity artist in making animals? Dolores holding her plant wall shadows. 5. Tell how the rhinoctightly in· her arms, and eroses destroyed the truck. Daniel with his packa~e to buy a present for his 6. Tell crf .the second tucked carefully under his mother? charge of t~e rhinos. armT.h d h D 2. How did he get the i How did the two pere next ay w en an- h' h · · 1 M h h money to pay for is mot - sons escape? 1e gave ot er er pres- er's ·resent?. ent, he told about Dolores P and how she had lost her 3. What happened 8. Did you enjoy readto ing .this true story? money. · Dolores' money? "I was so afraid I would 4. Why did Daniel not h.9· Did Y?U? le 1arn any1 - . D l t mg from it f so, tel not be able to get what I want to give o ores some d f h · ? what you learne . wanted for you, Mother," o is money . . said Daniel. 5. Where did the two 10. Do you thmk you will Mother put on the beau- children go? be intere~ted in reading all tiful red scarf. How pretty 6. What did Dolores these stones as they appear? it looked! wish to buy for her mother? 11. Perhaps your geogra"lt's just lovely, Daniel," 7. Was Daniel polite to phy class at your school ~aid Mothe_r happily. "It Dolores? Why do you think would be in,terested. in is the prettiest s~arf I ever so? forming An East African,_ saw. But even if you ha.d 8_ Why was Daniel able Travel ~lub. Then ~s· not been able to buy me this . these articles appear m one you would still have to buy the led scarf for his T y C TIZEN . mother? HE OUNG I ' you given me a very wonderful . could locate on a map the gift. F.or the n.icest present . 9. W~at did you lea~.n places mentioned. You of all is knowing that my from this story? could read about them in son is so unselfish that he 10. Did you like this an encyclopc;dia. You could has helped make someone story? Why? also find out more things else's mother happy, too." 11. Which pleased Dan- about the different animals iel's mother most-the red named in these stories. Talk A.NSWER THESE scarf or the boy's unselfish to your teacher about this l. Why did Daniel wish act? plan. JANUARY, 1941 Our School Radio By ALBERTA PULLINS THE YOUNG CITIZEN CLUB Surprise Stories By CAMY DUNING Raising Flowers By PRIMITIVA Pll'iERO 35 OUR CLASS made a radio THE PUPILS _in our grade LAST YEAR I decided to out of a medium-sized card- look forward to each Fri- have a garden in which I board packing box, painted day morning when we have could raise flowers. So I '""with mahogany paint. The "surprise" stories read by began to prepare it. bottom of the box was cut members of the class. These First I f~nced a plot of out, and it was then slipped stories are prepared at ground for my flower gardown over a pedestal. Two home or at school. No den in order that the pigs, strips of wood were fitted pupil is allowed to read un- goats, carabaos, and chickinside, and the three dials less he has prepared his ens could not damage the were securely screwe\I on. story well enough to read plants after they were The large center dial fluently and pronounce all growing. Of course I used was a piece of cardboard the words correctly. bamboo strips. covered with white draw- These stories bring in When the fence was ing· paper. This dial was many different kinds of done I prepared the ground. divided into as many parts reading material. We read I spaded it, broke all the as there were pupils, each jokes and current events clods, and raked it smooth. pupil's initials being let- from Graphic, news articles Then I planted tl"ie seeds tered on the outside edge. from The Manila Bulletin, of cosmos, and along the These were the station call and many very interesting fence cadena-de-amor. I letters. stories and articles from also set out some cuttings Two small dials were THE YOUNG CITIZEN. from shrubs such as hibismade. One was marked Sometimes some· of .us cus (gumamela) and sam"Off" and "On," and the will each read a paragraph paguita. other was marked "Loud," from any story previously After a while the seeds "Medium," and "Soft." studied in our class, and- which I had planted began Spools were used to turn other pupils will guess the to grow and tiny plants the dials. title of the story. The pupil peeped from the ground. The uses of our radio who guesses cor·rectly may The cuttings, which had were many. We used it read next. taken root, began to put chiefly for social studies, This method of reading forth new leaves. I always reading, and English. For creates interest in our "class cultivated my plants and example, it was used with in oral reading, and helps watered them both in the (Please turn to page 39.) us to become good readers. (Please turn to page 39.) 36 THE YOUNG CITIZEN JANUARY, 1941 MAGIC SPELL PLANT FAMILY tions of certain kinds of (Contfoued from page i6) (Continued fr~m page 23) bamboo a fine variety of her fear, she looked at Ukay too, with which Nature has paper is made. The outer more closely. She saw how been most generous, for skin of some bamboo is so cruelly the stones thrown more than 200 species of hard that native knives and by the villagers had 'bruised bamboo are found in Asia, swords have been made his poor body. Her lips South America, and Africa. from it with a sharp and trembled as she said, "Poor A single root may grow as durable cutting edge. monkey! They have hurt many as a hundred polished Let us remember this: your body as they have joined stems rising 30, 50, that the bamb.oo is only one hurt my feelings. Come, or even 120 feet in the air. member of the 4,000 species let me take you home and Some species are three feet belonging to the grass I will bathe yo?r bruis~s." around. . . family. Then perhaps· we To show h~r kmd feeling, Of course, we who hve m can realize that the grass she patted him on the head. the Philippines are accus- family-to which the imAt that moment T?kay gave tomed to many of the innu- p~rtant rice, corn, sugara great le~p of Joy, for a merable uses of bam~oo. cane, and wheat also belong human. bemg. had at !~st Living in t~e Phil~ppmes -is the world's most imbeen kmd to him. The girl w?uld be d1fficul\ md~ed, portant lant family. was astounded to .see a without the many thmgs p handsome young man made from bamboo. - - - - - - - - - - dressed in rich clothes. She Most of us have eat~n the BE HELPFUL could not understand until tender shoots of bamboo, (Continued from page 32) Ukay told her about the but not so many of us have ROGELIO: Yes, Mrs. Magamagic spell. Besides, all the eaten the seeds of those na, we will. inhabitants of the former species of bainboo whose OSCAR: We are sorry Jaime village were released from fruit is a grain, like barley is sick. He cannot assist the magic spell and they all and rye, and which is also you now in the work became people again. eaten. The Chinese have around the house. Can I The next morning Ukay a proverb that the bamboo be of any help to you, Mrs. was made chieftain, and . . soon after the maiden who seed is more plentiful when Magana? fell in lo~e with hin: be- the r ic~ crop fails. Some ROGELIO:· I'll carry water came his wife. "And 'rhey sp·ecies have a fruit'. not un- for you, Mrs. Magana. lived happily ever after." hke an apple, that is baked OSCAR: I will get firewood and used as food. for you, and feed the pigs. SOME QUESTIONS From the interior por- MRS. MAGANA: Thank you, 1. Who 'was Ukay? boys. You are very kind. 2. What kind of young 5. Why did he not like I will tell Jaime how kind man was he? her? you are. You are very .3. What did he like to 6. What was 'the magic helpful, boy$, and I will do? spell of the witch? appreciate your assistance 4. Who fell in love with 7. What did Ukay see until Jaime is well. him? many years later? CURTAIN JANUARY, 1941 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 37 BE HONEST STONE AGE TWIN STARS (Continued from page 32) (Continued from page 26) (Continued from page 19) me 16 centavos for change. polished stone axes and Ever since then they have He thought I gave him a hammers (3), and the bone shone in the sky. If you twenty-centavo piece, but needles and harpoons (5) get a chart, you will find it was only a five-centavo give further evidence of the them listed-Gemini, the piece. Now we have progress of this period. twin stars. enough money for some ice-cream cones. REVIEW QUESTIONS QUESTIONS FILEMON: Oh, no! It would I. What was the first tool I. Why were the· chilnot be honest to keep that dren called "the little twin -money. It would be cheat- used by man? stars"? ing. I think it would not 2. How was the first 2. Where did they live? be right tQ cheat Mr. Te- hammer invented? 3. What was the work of cla. 3 H 1 ? their father? Mother? JOSE: But I am not cheat- · ow ong ago ing him. He gave me the 4. Tell how the . Palmoney. eolithic Age began. 4. What accident caused the father's death? FILEMON: Mr. Tecla is old 5. What happened to the 5. What W'!,S one of the little girls? and cannot see very well. great discoveries 0 of the 6. Was it true or did the He thought the five-cen- Paleolithic Age? tavo piece was a twenty- mother imagine that the centavo piece. If we keep 6. What influence and girls became "twin stars"? the money, I think our use did it have? 7. Did you like this teacher would not like it 7. How long did this age story? Why? if she knew. Let us return· continue? 8. Have you ever heard the money. 8. Tell how the Neolith- of Gemini? (See the dic]OSE: I think you are right, . A b tionary or the encyclopeFilemon. Mother would ic ge egan. dia.) not like it either if she 9. What age followed? 9. What science teaches knew about it. Let us re- 10. Tell of the stone about the stars?. (Astronoturn the money. (The monuments. my.) boys, money in hand, go JI. In what places are ----.,.-----lo Mr. Tee/a.) there stone monuments? ARITHMETIC FILEMON: Mr. Tecla, you (Continued on page 24) gave us too much change. 12· How- do you think into Europe? Jose gave you a five-cen- t~e~e stones were taken to 5. When did our present tavo piece which you 1 eir places? system of arithmetic come thought was a twenty- into use in Europe? centavo piece. So you gave MR. TECLA: Thank you, 6. Can you tell about the him 16 centavos in change boys. You are honest. An first arithmetic books? instead of only one cen- honest boy will become an 7. Can you tell about tavo. We are returning honest man. · calculating machines? Have the money. CURTAIN you seen one? Where? THE YOUNG CITIZEN JANUARY, 1941 THE FUNNY PAGE JANUARY, 1941 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 39 BE KIND to Claro.) RAISING FLOWERS (Continued from page 32) CLARO: Thank you; boys. (Continued from page 35) ]AI~1E: Don't cry any more, That makes ten centavos morning and the evening. Rosita. You go and wait in all. Now let us give the In the course of time my under that big tree. money to our classmate, plants began to bloom. I (Points off. stage.) Claro Rosita. (Calls) Rosita! had white, pink, yellow, and I will be back soon. Rosita! Come here. (Ro- and red cosmos. Ther~ were (Rosita leaves. Jaime and sita enters.) two· kinds of cadena-deClaro go lo the group of . amor; some had pink flowboys on the other side of ]AIME (lo Rosita): We are ers, some had white. They the playground.) sorry you lost your money! beautified the bamboo CLARO: Boys, Rosita lost Rosita. We boys hav.e ~en fence. her ten centavos with centavos. We are givrng Because I cultivated and which she was going to this to you so you can buy watered my hibiscus, the buy meat to make broth the meat for your mother's bright red flowers were for her sick mother. She broth. quite large, and the leaves looked and looked. for it, CLARO: Don't cry any more, 1· were glossy green and but could not find it. Can Rosita. (Holds up the sturdy lookrng. My samwe help her? Here are coins.) See! Now.you can paguita, too, had unusually two centavos. (Shows the buy the meat needed for beautiful flowers. coins.) Let us each give your sick mother. (Gives Anyone in the Philipsomething and mali.e up Rosita the ten centavos.) pines can have a lovely the ten centavos for Ro- ROSITA: Thank you, boys. flower garden. sita. (Each boy begins 10 I can never thank you BREAD MAKING search in his pockets.) enough. (Continued from page 31) FIRST Boy: Here is my only J N · d R centavo. I am willing to A.IME:W ever mrn • 1 °. · ( G< s1ta e are your c assg1ve it. ives a centavo · d f . d Waffles Needed ingredients: One and three-fourths cups of flour, 3 teaspoons of baking powder, one-half teaspoon of salt, one cup of condensed milk diluted, the to Claro.) mates an . your ne? s. We are tryrng to be krnd. SECOND BOY: I wanted to CURTAIN buy a pomelo with these two centavos, but you may have them for Rosita. (Gives two centavos to Claro.) CLARO: Thanks, boys. We have five centavos. THIRD BoY: I have two centavos. Here they are. (Gives two centavos to Claro.) CLARO: That makes seven. FOURTH BOY: I'll give one centavo. (Gives a centavo OUR SCHOOL RADIO (Continued from page 35) yolks of 2 eggs, the whites a world map in a social- of 2 eggs, one tablespoon of studies lesson. The pupil melted butter. turned on the radio and Mix and sift the dry in-· tuned in the station which gredients. Add the milk had his own initials. He gradually, the yolks of the announced the s t a ti o n, eggs well beaten, the butpointed on the map to the ter, and the whites of the place from which the eggs beaten stiff. Cook on broadcast was coming, and a greased hot waffle-iron. gave his report. Serve with syrup. JANUARY, 1941, and Volume 7, .Number I of THE YouNG CITIZEN. It's time to start them both. Yes, a new year is beginning, and, too, in this month occurs the seventh birthday of THE YouNG CITIZEN. A seven-year-old has become a strong, sturdy, healthy youngster. That is just what THE YouNG CITIZEN has become-a strong, sturdy, healthy young citizen. And it is our subscribers and readers and contributirlg writers that have made it so. Are you one,' or twa, or all of these? \Vell, if you are, you are a part of the immense YouNG CITIZEN family which extends from one end of the Philippines to the other. How did you like the December, 1940, issue of THE YouNG CITIZEN? I think the article about THE YOUNG CITIZEN it on page 13. This is the first of the St>rie!' Among the Wild Animals of East Africa. The one for next month will be just as thrilling. How would you like to see a gigantic snake (a python) suddenly loosen itself from a large tree and h~ng downward in the path just ahead of you, ready to strangle you, or mothers found difficulty in keep- a deer, or a bull or any other uning our children busy. Then a fortunate unsuS}>ecting . animal number of copies of your maga- which came within its tremendouS zinc "for young Filipinos," THB crushing power? The author of YouNG CITIZEN, were handed this intensely interesting series of out. The children greatly enjoyed true stories encountered an i~ reading the interesting stories and mense python in just such a situaeducational articles. In fact, I tion. Well, this young ·man e~ think they liked everythjng in caped from the giant snake, ·but every magazine. I am sure that the bull didn't. Read about it in th.ey found the magazines just as the February issue. interesting to "young Britishers" We are also beginning in this as they are, no doubt, to ''young January number a ·new series of Filipinos." . biographies of great music comA number of us mothers have posers. This should prove even decided that as soon as we efJacuees more worthwhile to those interare settled again in Hongkong- ested in music than the series of and we pray that it will be before ten biographies of great music comlong-we shall subscribe for your posers published in the 1940 volmagazine, THE YOUNG CITIZEN, ume, because this series will disfor our children, even though it is cuss composers not so well known. a 11magazine for young Filipinos." We invite the attention of our -A1rs. Wilson. readers to the first of this series Jose Rizal together with the one The Editor quite agrees with about Rizal's wife are worth the the writer of this letter that this which appears in this issue, a short biography of Palestrina. Every perSon, young or old, who ever· attends a mass in the Philippines or elsewhere, should know about · Palestrina, "the saviour of church· music." You will find this article" on page 20. price of a year's subscription. I am sure we shall receive numerous letters of commendation about the December, I 940, ·number of THE YOUNG CITIZEN. And that reminds me of a letter which I received some time ago from one of the British roacuee mothers sent from Hongkong to the Philippines and now in. Ausmagazine is just as good for young Britishers, or young Americans, or youngsters of any other E'O.glishspeaking nationality as it is for young Filipinos, although the magazine is intended, primarily, for young Filipinos, the boys and girls of grades one, two, three, four, five, six, and seven of the Philippine public schools. I wish I had space to write about the many other good things to be published in the 1941 volume of THE YouNG CITIZEN. But if tralia. l am sure that our more ad- you have been a reader of this Baguio, Mountain Province, P. vanced young readers will read magazine in the· past, you know !.-Recently, when many of us with keen delight the true story, that there will be many splendid British e.flacuees Were sent from Charged by a Rhinoceros~ in this, stories and articles. published in Hongkong to remain a few weeks the January, 1941, issue of THE the forthcoming issues. Goodbye. in orthe Philippines, some of us YOUNG CITIZEN. ~ou will find -THE EDITOR. Announcement to All Our Young Readers: Did 701.1 ever do something interesting and worth while? Have you had any e:r.periPnce in doiug an7 of the following: U) Collecting Philippine Shells, -(2) Hunting Turtles, (S) Ezploring a Volcano, (4) Catching _Sharks, (6) Making an Aquarium, (6) Collecting Postage Stampe, (7) Visiting Famous Churches of the Philippines, (8) Making a Garden, (9) Raising Flowers, (10) Making Candies, (11) Building '* Sail Boat, (12) Hunting for Wild Animals, (13) Baking Bread or Cakes, (1-0 Making Articles of Clothing, (15) Making Articles of Furniture, (16) Visiting the Aqu8rhi.m in Manila, (17) Collecting Moths and Butterflies, (18) Collecting Interesting Bot.it.meal Speciment11, (19) Raising Orchids, (20) Visiting Primitive Peoples in the Philippines, or doing many other interesting things. WRITE ABOUT IT IN A SHORT COMPOSITION. · Send your composition to The Young Citizen. Each month the Editor of The Youri9 Citi-u'n will publish as man~· of the best compositions as space will permit. If rour <.ompnsition is accepted for puh!ication, yo11 w:ll become a mcmbt•r of The What-Are-You-Doing? Club. The rules for securing membership are simple. OBSERVE THE FOLLOWING RULES: . 1. Write about something interesting which you have done, such as the above titles suggest. Do not write a story which is not true. If your story is accepted, you are a member of the Club. 2. On your compositivn write your name and addresR VEHY PLAINLY. 3. State your age. 4. Tell what you liked best in recent issues of The Yov.ng Citizen. Address all letters to: The What-Are-You-Doing? Club Care of Community Publisher., Inc. Publishers of The Young Citizen P. 0. Box 685. Manila, Philippines ~ . ' . . ~ Community Publishers, Inc. Manila