The Young Citizen: The Magazine for Young People

Media

Part of The Young Citizen: The Magazine for Young People

Title: The Young Citizen: The Magazine for Young People
Issue Date: Volume 7 (Issue No. 2) February 1941
Year: 1941
Language: English
Rights
extracted text: I I l Announcement to All Writers: - - - - - 0 - We Will Pay You for writing articles of merit for publication In THE YOUNG CITIZEN. We want interesting children's stories from 200 to SOO words in length; also gamea, reading device1, articles of historical interest, elementary science .and health articles, puzzles, job1, and playlets, We aho ~ish to buy eeveral good serial ttories. Intere1ting 1tories leSI than ZOO words in length are de:iired for Little People. You can add to your income by writing for us. Primary Teachers: We especially desire various kinds of interesting material suitable for First. Second, and Third Grade Pupils. Wt! will pa7 teachers and others for material which we can use. Each article should be written in clear, easy, correct English, on one side of' the paper, typewritten if possible, or written by hand neatly and legibly. The article should be submitted with a self-addressed stamped envelope, otherwise the publishers will not return it to the writer in case it cannot be used. Address all communications to: The Managing Editor The Young Citizen Care of Community Publishers, Inc. P.O. Box 685, Manila, Philippines • For First Graders A Page of Umbrella Numbers ..... What is Needed for Good Health? . · • For Second Graders Helping Father-Jou Tnral ... Pio and his Hens-Jou Taral . • For Third Graders A Le~son in Good Manners at Mealtime Another Lesson in Table Manner11 • Stories The Valentine that Disappeared . , How a Python Killed a Bull The Chinese Nightingale , , 9 4 I \\'by Jose Got the Highest Average-Adriano J'il/anueva . Kaptain Kidd Goes to School • Poems • ••••• -1-6 ., •• •••• -1-9 SI S3 56 S8 " Evening-Adelaide .4, Proctor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -1-3 • Character and Citizenship Tiu Young Citiztn's Birthday-Dr. /. Pan/asigui . +2 Save Money Regularly 69 ·Keeping Our W~rd-.4rtl1ur Mu . . 'iO • Elementary Science Mother Cow and her Baby . ...... so .......•••••.... 63 The Humble Be3n Asphalt ............• ......................... 64Chalk ..... . Amber ....................................... . • Health and Safety Helping in Case of an Accident ........... . Some Health Information-/loward Brown .. • History Making Bricks ...........................•............. Historical Facts about the Philippines.....,.Jose A. Pandy .. • Music Appreciation Liszt-Bert Paul Osbon .. . The First Mu10ic ..................... . • Work and Play . ... 64.. 67 6, 6S 66 60 62 A Set of Simple Tricks . . . . . . . . 71 \\'hat Is a Cross· Word Puzzle? .. .. . . .. .. .. • .. .. .. .. .. . . .. . .. . 72 A Well-Known Party Game . . . . .... , ................ , .. 72 Some Chicken Recipes .......... , ...... , ............. , . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . 73 Observing Ants-Dioscoro Maglalin,g . , , ..... , . .. . . . . . . .. . . . .. .. . . . . . . . 7S Collecting Toy Dogs-K. B. .. .. . . . . .. . . . . .. .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. .. . . . .. . . . 7S A Geography Booklet-Jou Estella .................. , ....... , .. . . . . . . . 7S The Funny Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Chats with the Editor . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . SO arma 011ai11. iii.unity Publisl:!er1. Ine., 1211 Crystal Arcade, E!colt•, M•nila, Clau Y:&.il Matt!r at the Malllla Po!t Oflice on M•7 18. 1980. Romero; M&.11&.l'in&' Editor: B•rC Paid 01i>o'll: Contrlbuelns Qelirte11 A. Cru; Staff A.rein: Pedro P11,,..icl; Bwints1 Mmn&pr: ription Price: P3.00 for one year of .!! is5Ues: l!.00 !?1 tbe Uniud States and forelp countries. 51nsle cop7, 30 cent1111"os. SuOaeripHon1 are to Ila poid to Communit11 P1110li11har1, lno. nu; MAGAZIN!; !=OR YOUNG P!;OPLi; 42 THE YOUNG CITIZEN FEBRUARY, 1941 THE YOUNG CITIZEN'S BIRTHDAY When is your birthday? Aren't you happy when your birthday comes? _ Sure, everyone is happy on his birthday. And everybody enjoys a birthday party. There is lots of fun. Plenty of cakes, candies, gifts, and other things. Now, I'll tell you something. Do you read THE YOUNG CITIZEN? Of course, you do. Then you ought to know this. Six years ago, in February, 1935, THE YOUNG CITIZEN was born. So it is now in the seventh year. Therefore, this month is THE YOUNG CITIZEN'S birthday. And like everyone, the magazine is hl!PPY· It is already six years old and it has made many friends. You are one of its friends. . , Don't you wish THE YOUNG' CITIZEN a "Happy Birthday"? Now,'how shall we readers of THE YOUNG CITIZEN celebrate its birthday? Shall. we give it a party with cakes, candies, ice-cream, and other things? Shall we give it gifts? No, we are not going to give these things. i We are going to do somethi11-g else. If I had a good friend who could help me study my lessons, I would do this for him: I would introduce him to all my friends who may also need his help to study their lessons. I'd tell everybody how good my friend is, so that all of them would wish to know him. If I had a good friend who could teach me many things -about peoples of other countries, about the trees, birds, flowers, music, paintings, games, I would say to myself: "I am going to be his best friend all my life. I will try to l~am many things from him, everything that I can learn from him." Well, THE YouNG. CITIZEN is a good friend to school children. This is the seventh birthday. What shall we do to celebrate its birthday? Is it enough to say "Happy Birthday"? -DR. I. PANLASIGUI F EBRUARY, 19 .J.I THE YOUNG CITIZEN' 43 A POEM FOR THIS MONTH EVENING By ADELAIDE A. PROCT ER ~ THE SHADOWS of the evening hours Fall from the darkening sky; Upon the fragrance of the flowers The dews of evening lie. Before Thy throne, 0 Lord of Heaven, We kneel at close of day; Look on Thy children from on high, .. !=And hear us while we pray. j Slowly the rays of daylight fade: ~ So fade with my heart 4 The hopes in earthly love and joy, i That one by one depart. Soon all the bright stars, one by one, -Within the sky will shine; Give us, 0 Lord, fresh hopes in Thee, And trust in things divine. Let peace, 0 Lord, Thy peace, 0 God, Upon our souls descend; From midnight fears and perils, Thou Our trembling hearts defend. Give us a respite from our toil; Calm and subdue our woes; Through the long day·we labor, Lord0 give us now repose. 44 THE YOUNG CITIZEN FEBR.UARY, 19 .. p FOR FIRST GRADERS A PAGE OF UMBRELLA NUMBERS Thttt sr11all umbrellas On ~ r;ainy cla!j An start off to school_ Con not stop to pica~. As 1he~ turn the corner There the~ find one mOM Co1.1rd' all fl:;e umrellcas. Mow the"e Gre - · Four umbrellas smaU,, Sure as Ih. all~ .. Meet •noihft 011 the street. Now there are_. Look below And ~ou will see. Count ihem al\ for me. Five smal\ umbrellas At the corner wait. ThrH others come alonCJ So now tturre are_. Five umbrellas · c:ill in a neot row And three more umbrella! Make just~·'JOU ~now. ~99 99 999 + 1 _:L Ei9ht umbrellol On this rain'J do~ All are ~oinCJ home from school. Can not sta'j to pla~· Soon it will stop rainin9. Out wm come 1h" sun. Ei9ht of them will run awa'J. Then 'there w·,11 l:>e none! 8 :!..._ FEBRUARY, 1941 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 45 FOR FffiST GRADERS WHAT IS NEEDED FOR GOOD HEALTH? A Bath Vegetables , Drink Water EataCereoL Clean Hands THE YOUNG CITIZEN FEBRUARY, 1941 FOR SECOND GRADERS HELPING FATHER By JOSE TACAL• Mateo's father is a farmer.' He wanted to plow the rice field. ''Will you help me, Mateo?" his father asked. "Yes, I will help you," said Mateo. "I will drive the carabao." They went to work early in the morning. 1, Mateo was a good helper. The carabao was a.good worker. At noon Mateo and his father rested in the shade. At night the work was done. Mateo and his father were tired. They had worked all day. Read and Answer What is Mateo's father? What did he want to do? What did he ask Mateo? What did Mateo . say? When did they go to work? Was Mateo a good helper? .Was the carabao a good worker? What did Mateo and his father do at noon? When was the work done? How did Mateo and his father feel at night? Choosing Words Choose the right word and write it in the blank. Mateo helped his - - . At noon they - - . He drove the - - . They were - - at night. The carabao was a good ---. Mateo is a --- boy. They plowed the - - . He likes to - - his father. worker father mother bad good lazy tired help horse carabao rested field •Teacher, Lapog Elementary School, Lapog, llocos Sur. FEBRUARY, 1941 THE YOUNG CITIZEN FOR SECOND GRADERS PIO AND HIS HENS By JOSE TACAL Who is Pio? What has he? What does he feed them. What do they drink? Where do they go in the evening? Pio is a little boy. He has five red hens. He feeds them corn and rice every day. He gives them clean water· . to drink, too. In the evening he drives them into the hen:-house. His hens lay some eggs every day. · His mother saved the eggs. Then she sold them. She bought Pio a new shirt. His mother is very proud of little Pio. Answer These .What does Pio get from his hens? What did his mother do with the eggs? What did she buy for Pio with the money? Finding Words Find the proper word and write it in the blank. Pio's mother bought him a---shirt. His hens are ---. They drink --- water. old little sold new ate red Pio --- them every day. The hens lay--. Pio's mother --- the eggs. Pio is a --- boy. big white clean black feeds eggs 47 48 THE YOUNG CITIZEN FBBRUARY1 1941 FOR THIRD GRADERS A LESSON IN GOOD MANNERS AT MEALTIME on time games outdoors. After a wliile their cousin said, "Now we must get ready for dinner. Father will be home soon." At once Maria and her cousin stopped playing and went to get ready. But Daniel wanted to stay a little while longer. When dinner was served, Mada and her cousin were ready. They were on time. Always be for meals About ten minutes later Daniel came running to the table with uncombed MARIA AND DANIEL went to visit hair and soiled hands. their cousin. As soon as they ar- . Do you think Daniel was rived, the children began to play polite? F"mding the Right Word Find the right word among those below. Write it in the blank. 1. I should never be --- at --- my hair before going to the meals. table. 2. I should get --- in time. 5. Nice children always look 3. --- boys and girls are on --- and clean at the table. time for meals. late neat wash 4. I should-- my hands and ready comb polite Something to Do ·Draw a square measuring three inches on each side. Then draw the picture of the boy n,mning and. the people at the dinner table. Under them write or print the words which you see. . Memorize those words. Say them to the boys and girls in your room at school. FEBllUAllY, 1941 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 49 FOR THIRD GRADERS ANOTHER LESSON IN TABLE MANNERS er persons have finished, they · wish to leave the table. It is not polite to do this unless you ask to be excused. Never leave the table without askinC:f to be · excused. Read the sentence under the picture. Then say it aloud. "Never leave the table without asking to be excused." Remember that always. Show this picture to your friends. Ask them to read and remember the sentence. A POLITE BOY OR .GIRL always has good manners at the dinner table. Sometimes when thoughtless boys or girls finish eating before the oldShow it to Mother and F:ather. Tell them you will be polite and will always ask to be excused.. ·They will be pleased. Read and Choose Read each sentence and draw a line through the word not needed. 1. A polite child always has bad without asking to be excused. good manners at the table. 4. Your parents want you to be 2. Leave the table when before polite impolite. others have finished eating. 5. People dislike like polite 3. Never always leave the table children. Some More Drawing Draw another square measuring Under them write or. print the three inches on each side. sentence which you see. Then draw the picture shown Memorize those words. Say above of the three persons at the them to the boys and girls in your dinner table. room at school. · 50 THE YOUNG CITIZEN MOTHER COW PERHAPS you think Mother Cow gives her milk just for boys and girls to drink. Look at this picture and you will see the little baby calf likes Mother Cow's milk, too. But she has plenty of milk for her baby and for boys and girls also. This baby calf will not take its mother's milk in this way very long. Soon it will be taught to drink milk from a bucket. It will share Mother Cow's milk with boys and girls. Cows are very tame animals. They have been useful to people for many, many years. The hide of the cow is used to make leather. There are not many cows in the AND HER BABY · Philippines, because they do not thrive in this climate, but in some countries there are many cows. It is from these countries that our canned milk is shipped. Mother Cow is beautiful to look at. She is usually kind and gentle, and seems to know that she is a very useful animal. The meat of the cow makes very good food. It is called beef. Many people think beef is much better than pork. Perhaps you ate some beef-steak or roast beef today for dinner. The meat of Mother Cow's baby is good to eat, because it is very tender. The meat of a calf is called veal. FEBRUARY, 1941 THE YOUNG CITIZEN SI LITTLE STORIES FOR LITTLE PEOPLE THE VALENTINE THAT DISAPPEARED ADAPTED BY PANCITA FLORES DELFIN had always lived in the Mountain Province. In February his mother took him to the lowlands to visit his aunt and cousins who lived very near the ocean. "What shall we do for Valentine Day?" Delfin had asked his cousins, and Jesusa and Adelaida had suggested that they see who could make the very best valentine. They decided that the valentines could be pretty, funny, big, or little. · "I am going to make the funniest one," said Adelaida. "I will try to make the prettiest one," decided Jesusa. "Where is your material, Delfin?" asked Jesusa. "You may use part of mine if you do not have your own." "Thank you," said Delfin, "but I am going to make mine later. There is plenty of time." That afternoon when the children ran down to play on the ocean beach, Delfin hunted until he found a sharp stick. Then he began to draw a huge heart in the smooth, white sand. Jesusa began to iaugh. "Why, .Delfin," she said, "you can't make your val en tine that way. It will be all--'; "I know what I'm doing," interrupted Delfin·. "I said I would make the biggest valentine and I'm going to do it. Just see how big it will be." Delfin claimed that he would rather try to make the· biggest one. "Mine will be the very biggest valentine you ever saw," he said. "It will be so big and so different that the one I make it Motlier thought that it was TJery nice. He drew a heart in the sand for will have to come with me in order to see it." Jesusa and Adelaida gathered together the material they would need to make their valentines. Jesusa had paper-lace doilies and tiny red hearts. She had a little paper cupid with a bow and arrow in his hand. Adelaida was going to use heavy r.ed paper and some funny pictures she had cut from magazines. as tall as his mother. "There! It is as tall as mother," he said. "And now I am going to write something on it. I will use the stick instead of a pencil. It is just like drawing on the' blackboard at school." Then Delfin took the stick and wrote inside the big heart, "Be My Valentine." "Mother will be surprised when she sees this," he said proudly. "You won't 52 THE YOUNG CITIZEN FEBRUARY, 1941 tell her, will you?" "No, we won't tell her, Delfin," promised Adelaida, "but we have boen trying to tell you something. That valentine won't be--" "You just wait until morning," Delfin said, "and ·see how surprised she is." He would not listen to his cousin but ran was something like a blackboard. think that the tide cleans this blackboard just like an e;aser. When we go home I will tell my teacher about the valentine I made on the ocean's blackboard, and how the tide erased it." ANSWER THESE back to the house. I. Where did Delfin live? After breakfast the next morning 2. Did he know about the tides? Jesusa and Adelaida gave their mother 3. Whom did he go to visit? the valentines they had made. Then 4. Where did his cousins live? Delfin asked them all to come down to 5. What kinds of valentines-were they the beach, going to make? When they arrived at the beach, Del- 6. Where did Delfin make his valenfin looked around him. He could not tine? . find his huge valentine! The sand was 7. Why was it gone when he tried to all smooth and white. show it to his mother? "It's gone!" he told them. "Someone. 8. Why did Delfin call the sand a has spoiled it. It was as big as you are, blackboard, and the tide an eraser? Mother. Oh, I wish I knew who did 9. Did you like this story? Why? it." IO. Can you tell it to Mother? "We tried to tell you yesterday that it 11. Do you know the history of Valenwouldn't stay here," laughed Adelaida, tine Day? (See the •encyclopedia.) "but you wouldn't listen. You live up in 12. Why do persons send valentines to the Mountain Province, and are not ~se~ . each other? to the ocean, so of course you didn t 13. What is the date of Valentine Day? know." h ?" · . ed Del- Why? . "Didn't know w at mquir 14. Did you ever make any valentines? fin. 15. Did you ever have a "valentine "About the tides," Mother explained. box" at school? "You see, twice every day the water 16. Would you like to have a "valen•. comes 'way up, over all the beach. I tine box"? (Perhaps your teacher would suppose that it washed your valentine have one if you would ask her.) away. If you wish to make another one, 17. Did you ever attend a "valentine I will come and look at it 'before the tide party"? comes in." 18. Did you ever give a "valentine Delfin drew another valentine, and Mother thought that it was very nice. Then Mother and the children set on a log far up the beach and. watched the tide come rolling in. "I ·have learned something today," said Delfin. "Yesterday I said the beach party"? 19. What amusements are suitable for a "valentine party"? 20. Would you like to "write to The What-Are-You-Doing? Club and tell abou·t a "valentine party" which you have attended or given? FEBRUARY, 1941 TIIE YOUNG CITIZEN 53 READING TIME FOR YOUNG FOLKS AMONG THE WILD ANIMALS OF EAST AFRICA T~ut Experiences Rt laud by a Youn9 Traveler • II. HOW A PYTHON KILLED A BULL Map showing a part of Be/9ian Con90, U9anda, and Kenya Colony in East Africa. To SEE a giant python kill a bull is one of the most terrible sights one can ever witness. I had the opportunity once of watching such an uneven fight, and I shall. never forget ic. While living in East Africa, I worked on a farm on the slopes of Mount Elgon, an old, inactive volcano about 14,500 feet high. It is situated in the western part of Kenya Colony in East .Africa. (See the map on this page.) Mount Elgon borders on the native country of Uganda, which is under the protection of Great Britain. The king of Uganda, a black native with great feather ornaments· on his head, is very loyal to the British government. He rules his three million natives with dignity and justice. •The author of this article, a young man now living in Manila, has written a number of true stories especially for THE YouNG CITIZEN. In these articles he tells of his experiences among the big wild animals of East Africa. One of these stories will appear in each · number for some months to come.-THR EDITOR. On top of Mount Elgon explorers have found many strange insects, and numerous safaris are made there every year. Elephants frequent the mountain foothills, and lions, leopards; gazelles, and zel>ras can also be found. The top of the mountain is so high .that it is in the clouds; on the mountain top it rains most of the time. The slopes of Mount Elgon are fertile and well suited to farming. On the great plains of Africa there is not much farming; it is not very profitable because rain falls only about !Wice a y.ear, so · the soil is dry and dusty. Irrigation would work wonders. The farm on which I worked was located in the mountain coun.try. Several streams flowed through the farm; they all came from Mount Elgon. Some of those streams in places had cut into the lava rock and formed small rapids; at other places they flowed peacefully along through fertile, grassy slopes. Tall eucalyptus and thorn trees grew where there was a little moisture in the soil. Monkeys lived in the high trees and made a terri'ble chattering noise when any one passed by. · · This farm was an immense tract of land of twelve thousand acres. I had to supervise the work on this great area very carefully, as the native Africans are not always reliable in their work. The farm house, where I lived, was built on top of one of the lava hills. It was necessary for me to pass through river-beds and ravines when I walked to the various fields, or shambas as they are called in the native African language of THE YOUNG CITIZE.N FEBRUARY, 1941 A Pytlio11 Crushin9 a Deer that locality. With a sun-helmet on my head and heavy boots on my feet, I found walking in the hot day-time to be very tiring. It often took me more than two hours to reach the farthest shambas. I was not able to use a horse because the sides of the hill were too steep; no horse could clim'b the hillside with a rider on his back. I always had three wolf dogs with me, but never carried a gun. I seldom saw wild animals during the day-time; the dogs ran around so much while I was walking that all game was scared away. At one of the river-beds was a place where the path through the jungle was so narrow that the dogs had to go either behind me or in front; there was not enough space for them to go around me. This jungle path was a mile in length, and led to a stream across which a tree trunk was laid over the rapids in place of a bridge. One had to cross by this primitive bridge and then continue on the other side, half a mile, through a similar path until the open grass lands were reached. Native cattle often herded there; they were watched by an African herd boy. I was always fearful as I pass.ed through that jungle path, .but I saved more than an hour of walking by going that way. The path was overshadowed by thorn trees; long branches and vines hung down like curtains. The bushes on both sides were very dense, and it would have been difficult to cut a path through them with an axe. I noticed that my three dogs were always eager to stay behind me as I went along the path. If they were in· front of me, they would wait at the log bridge and then let me take the lead. They were brave dogs and had killed leopards and cheetahs many times, but in that jungle path all their bravery seemed to vanish, and they let man \ake the lead. I soon understood why the dogs want~d to go behind me. One day I saw a spot!ed · object hanging from the lower branches of the trees directly in front of me; it was a large python waiting there for its prey. I escaped by turning quickly and dashing back a little ways in the direction from whence I had come. Presently the python disappeared in the jungle. . The python is the largest snake in the world. It sometimes grows to a length of thirty feet, and frequently is more than ten inches thick in the middle part of its body. A large python will weigh 180 or 200 pounds. It is not a poisonous snake, but is very dangerous, nevertheless. It kills by strangling and crushing its victim. It coils the lower part of its body around a tree to which it fastens itself by means of a little horn growing in its tail; the .other part of the body attacks the victim when it passes underneath the tree where the python has been waiting. N atur.alists tell us that the crushing power of the python is almost beyond belief. One morning I had to go through the river valley to the shamba on the other F.EBRUARY, 1941 THE YOUNG CITIZEN side. When I came to the log bridge; the dogs suddenly stopped and began to sniff with their noses. They seemed to be excited, and kept behind me as I walked through the path. · I had nearly reached the end of the path which led to the open grass lands when I heard a noise in front of me. I went forward a few more yards, and then saw one of the most horrible sights I ·ever saw in my whole life. An immense python had attacked a young bull which had gone after the succulent gra.ss at the end of the jungle path. The great snake had loosed itself from the branches of the tree where it had been lying in wait, and had coiled around the body of the unfortunate bull, strangling and crushing the animal with all its power. I saw the young bull spring into the air and strike the body of the python with his hoofs several times, but that did not loosen the terrible grip of the snake around his body. The bull fought with his head, but all his movements seemed to make the snake only more furious. It would have been dangerous to have tried to help the bull. The snake hissed with its ugly mouth and tried to bite its victim under the neck. And always it kept squeezing and squeezing. Finally the movements of the bull became slower; the snake . had taken all the breath out of the bull by its strangling gfip. The poor beast fell to the ground in a little while, but the snake did not leave him. It coiled itself once more completely around the animal's body. A few convulsions of the bull indicated his last death agonies. Then he was dead and the snake had won t\le fight. I stood ·there and watched that immense reptile begin to crush all the bones · in the bull's body. The snake had to crush the bones of the bull, otherwise it would not have been able to swallow its victim. Pythons cannot chew their food ; they swallow it and then digest it. Their teeth are not strong enough to (Please turn to pa9e 76.) Ku pers in a Zoo Preparin9 to Feed a Python. 56 THE YOUNG CITIZEN FEBRUARY, 1941 THE CHINESE NIGHTINGALE An Old L•gend of China MANY CENTURIES ago a great and good I must go back to my home in the deep, emperor lived in China. This emperor green woods." had the most 'beautiful palace in the "Oh, do not go!" said the emperor, and world-at least, so the people who lived one of the lords caught the nightingale in China thought. All about the palace and put her into a cage. was a beautiful garden. At the edge of the "Now," said the emperor," you shall garden was a deep, dark forest, and in be the court singer." this forest there lived and sang a night- The nightingale was very unhappy. ingale. "Why did they shut me up in a cage?" When the emperor heard about the she said. "Every one knows that I cannightingale, he told his servants to go to not sing in a cage." the woods, and ask the nightingale to One day, when the door of the cage come and sing at the palace. was opened in order to put food into the "Dear nightingale," said the chamber- cage, the nightingale slipped out and flew lain that night, "the emperor has sent me through the open window into the woods. to find you. He wishes you to come to . ~he.emperor was very sorry when he the palace and sing for him there." learned that his little court singer had "Why should I go to the palace to disappeared. He was not satisfied until sing?" asked the nigh'tingale. "I am hap- one of his lords made a little toy bird and pier here in my beautiful woods." brought it to him. This toy bird could . "You will make the emperor very sing only when it was wound up, and happy if you do go," answered the Cham- even then its voice was very loud and berlain. ~hrill. But one day the spring in the toy So the brown bird went back with him bird broke and it could sing no more. to the palace. As they_ passed through Then the emperor fell sick. Nothing the garden, they could hear all the tiny that was done could cure him. The lords !bells ringing from their hiding places and ladies feared that he would never on the stems of the flowers where the em- be well again. Everyone talked about peror had tied them. the emperor and his illness. At last the "Here, dear emperor, is the night- birds in the forest heard of it. ingale," said the chamberlain, with a low "I must go back and sing for our embow as he came to the emperor's peror," said the niglitingale to the other throne. birds. Then the nightingale sang. So charmed "He will shut you up again," they was the emperor and so charmed were said. all the great lords and ladies, that it "That will not matter if I can only seemed that they could never hear make him happy," said the little bird. enough. Back she flew, straight· through the "I am glad that you have liked my open window into the emperor's room. song," ·!he nightingale said. "But now There she sat on the bedpost and began THE YOUNG CITIZEN 57 to sing. What sweet music came from her tiny throat! The emperor heard the music, but thought he must be dreaming. "If only I might hear my nightingale again," he said. "Here I am, dear emperor," said the nightingale, and she sang again. "Oh, dear nightingale, you have made me better already," said the emperor. From that day he was sick no longer. He never put· the nightingale in a cage or shut her up again. Each night, just before he wel\t to sleep, he would open his window. Then the little 'bird would fly in and sit and sing for him. QUESTIONS I. What is a nightingale? (A bird known as a thrush noted for its sweet song which it sings at night.) 10. What did the nightingale succeed in doing? 11. What happened to the emperor? 12. Why did he want to hear the nightingale again. 13. What did the nightingale do? 14. How did the emperor treat the nightingale then? 15. What lesson do you learn from this story? · 16. Will birds of the forest come to your window and sing? (Yes, if fed and treated kindly.) 17. Did you like this story? Why? 18. Can you name a bird of the Philippines which belongs to the thrush family, the family to which the nightingale belong? (The maya) 2. What is a legend? (See the dictionary.) Then the nightjngale sanf. 19. Is the maya of the Phi 1 ippines noted for its 3. From what country does this legend come? 4. Do you know that this legend has given inspiration_ for a music composition? (This old Chinese legend has been told in music by a great modern composer named Stravinsky. The music may be heard in Stravinsky's ballet-see the dictionary-and his opera called The Nightingale.) 5. Tell about the emperor's palace. 6. Who caught the nightingale? 7. What was done with her? 8. Why was the nightingale unhappy? 9. Would you be happy if you were shut in a cage? song? 20. Do you know the names of any other song birds of the Philippines? 21. Do you think birds should be protected? Why? 22. Do you like to hear the sweet song of a bird? 23. Do you know any other bird legends? 24. If you know any other bir"d legend, perhaps you would like to write it for publication in THE YOU!\IG CITIZEN. Why not try? · 25. Do you know any other Chinese legends? s.8 THE YOUNG CITIZEN FEBRUARY, 1941 WHY JOSE GOT THE HIGHEST AVERAGE By ADRIANO VILLANUEVA• THE CHILDREN in Five-One were excited. Their teacher was distributing \heir report cards. "I am happy to tell you," announced Mr. Lopez, "that Jose Cruz got the highest average, and Alfredo Reyes the second. Jose made ninety per cent and Alfredo eighty-seven." The children clapped their hands for their two fortunate classmates. Jose was very happy, but Alfredo was not. When he found that Jose had made a higher average than his, he was disappointed. In their examinations he had made as good grades as Jose. He did not understand it. "There must be some mistake," he thought. "I think I should have received the same average as 'Jose." He decided to ask Mr. Lopez. There was nothing to lose, he thought to himself. So he waited that ·afternoon and helped the cleaners. As soon as the room was cleaned, the other boys went home. Alfredo remained. Mr. Lopez saw him alone. "Why don't you go home, Alfredo?" he inquired. "Is there something you wish to talk to me about?" "Yes, sir," Alfredo answered timidly. "Please tell me what to do so ·I may get an average as high as Jose receives." "All right," said Mr. Lopez. "I am always ready to help boys who want to help themselves. Come with me, Alfredo, and I will tell you." They went to a window overlooking • San ·Manuel Elementary School, San Manuel, Tarlac. the back yard of the school. "Do you see that very clean spot over there? Whose is that?" asked Mr. Lopez. "Jose's, sir," answered Alfredo. "Look at this health chart on the wall. Who is the pupil whose record shows the cleanest clothing and the neatest personal appearance?" "Jose's, sir," answered Alfredo again. "Last Monday I told all the boys in the class to bring bolos. Who was the only boy who did not forget? ·"Jose, sir." · "When there are pieces of paper on . the floor or in the yard, who picks them up?'' "Jose, sir." "Who told him to pick up the pieces of paper?" inquired Mr. Lopez. "Nobody, sir," Alfredo answered. "When I am out of the room, do you ever hear Jose talking or moving noisily In the room?" "Never, sir." "What does he do when his teacher is away?" "He studies quietly, sir." "That, Alfredo, is the secret of Jose's success. He is not only a good pupil, but. he is also a good citizen in our school.. That is why Jose got the highest average." SOMETHING TO THINK ABOUT I. Was there a good reason why Jose got the highest average? 2. What were some of tl)e things Jose did which Mr. Lopez liked? 3. What similar things could you do (Please turn to page 76.) THE YOUNG CITIZEN 59 KAPTAIN KIDD GOES TO SCHOOL A Liule Story with Many Bi9 Words KAPTAIN KIDD is my latest pupil. He is not always on time, for often he walks in unconcernedly, even quite brazenly, just before recess time. He seems to know that hour . when he may be given a big bite of the meat out of some one's sandwi_ch, or be petted by some young· ster's soft little hand. Waving his furry tail like a prodigious plume, Kaptain K,idd stalks up and down the aisles sniffing here and there and enjoying many a loving rub surreptitiously offered. With one ear lopped back, K a p ta i n K i d d purrs while little M'aria smoo.ths and pats his silky coat. Then he leaps to the reading table or to the window-sill, and ceremoniously laps his immaculate fur with a and family. Kindness to animals is encouraged, for no one would think of hurting Kaptain Kidd. Besides, careful attention to sounding one's words carefully is made interesting. Kaptain Kidd can say m-ew, and also me-ow, and even p-urr. Not once since this phenomenon was pointed out has Ka ptain Kidd failed to say them just right. So the boys and girls try to say their words just right, for no one wants to be worsted by a cat. With Kaptain Kidd now knowing three words, what may he not achieve by the end of the school year? Years ago, no one ever heard of a cat going to school! No cat, so far as I know, ever dipped his pink nose into the three R's. pink-edged tongue. "Perhaps Kaptain Cleanliness at hie v e d, Kidd will say h-ow beagain he stalks the aisles fore long," said Concepfor friendly overtures. cion Pirandejo hopefulSometimes Pedro, the Iy. A long, long time I janitor, appears with fear, Concepcion. something which Kap- M tet Kaptain Kidd wlto goes to A rainy day came. tain Kidd likes to eat. schoolalmosteveryday. Kaptain Kidd was . And he eats right there very fastidiously, marked absent. to the children's great delight. "Where is Kaptairi Kidd this mornKaptain Kidd furnishes many a lesson ing?" I asked, including him among the in health and citizenship and other other absentees. things, too. By his presence cleanliness "He's in the house," said Concepcion is emphasized, for Kaptain Kidd is not primly, almost apologetically. a dirty, mangy stray· cat, but a very cute, "What will he learn if he doesn't come well kept little kitten from a good home (Pleau turn to page 76.) 6o THE YOUNG CITIZEN FEBRUARY, 1941 MUSIC APPRECIATION SECTION GREAT COMPOSERS OF MUSIC SEC'OND SERIES By BERT PAUL OSBON• II. LISZT Franz Liszt was the great piano virtuoso of the nineteenth century. A long-haired, long - fingered gypsy pianist in his you th, a kind, whitehaired abbe in later life, but in each having all the char·m o f the other-such Lis%1 at the a9e of 14 was F r an z Liszt. Liszt (pronounced list) was born in Hungary in central Europe in 1811. He was a very delicate and sickly boy until he reached the age of six. But he liked music. One day, while his father was playing a concerto on the piano, little Franz came up beside him and implored him to repeat the last movement over and over again. "What wo\lld you like to be when you grow up?" asked his father. "A musician like that man there," said the boy pointing to a picture of Beethoven. The next day his father began to give him piano lessons. The father of little Franz was a musical amateur who played the piano and other instruments. . Franz spent hours practicing the scales, • Formerly Head of the Music Department, Shortridge High School, Indianapolis, Indiana, U. S. A. and made such rapid progress that when he was nine years old, his piano-playing was so advanced that he played in a concert. A company of noblemen th.en offered to give the boy an annual scholarship amounting to 2,000 pesos a year for six years to pay the expenses of a music education. This the father accepted, gave up his position, and took the boy at once to. Vienna. In Vienna Franz studied under excellent teachers and made such splendid progress that at the age of eleven his playing in public made a sensa.tion. Beethoven, who heard him play then, displayed unusual emotion. He was so amazed at the boy's wonderful technic, that he went to the stage, grasped the child, and kissed him on the forehead. · Young Liszt was then taken to Paris for further study. While he was. in France he heard Paganini, the world's greate.st violinist, play the violin. Liszt decided he would learn te play the piano as well as Paganini played the violin. Later, he accomplished this desire, and became one of the greatest pianists of all time. When he was 16 he decided to follow a pianistic career, teaching, composing, and giving concerts. In Paris he studied further under skillful teachers, and before long his fame as a pianist spread all over Europe. He made wonderful concert tours. Everywhere his amazing ability as a pianist gave him rank as the greatest. He received enormous sums of money from his concerts. After giving a series of concerts, Liszt FEBRUARY, 1941 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 61 would retire for several years and then suddenly emerge once more and dazzle the world with his brilliant piano playing. Liszt received musical inspiration from a strange group of people known as gypsies. Many gypsies lived in Hungary. No one ever knew where they came from. No matter among what people they lived, they remained a separate people. They always lead a wandering life. Gypsy music has a strange charm. . In the village in which Liszt lived as a boy there was a camping place for wandering gypsies. At night, amid the blaze of great bonfires, the men with violins and cymbals, and the girls in brilliant colored dresses, ear -r i n gs, and necklaces, would dance and sing the rugged gypsy folK-tunes. Little Franz would drink in these weirdly abrupt rhythms and melodies until he knew them well. Then like a flash the /assen changes to a wild whirling movement, the friska. Then back to the first quiet movement, and the dance comes to an end. Liszt wrote fourteen of these 1 ·hapsodies on Hungarian gypsy themes, but the rnost famous of these is Hungarian Rhapsody No. Z. You should hear this played by a good pianist or on the phonograph. Liszt invented a new orchestral form of music which he called a· "symphonic poem," because the music tells a poetic story in free symphonic form. Later he lived in Rome, and the pope honored him by giving to him the title of Abbe. This is a title granted by the Catholic Church in France for a cl er gym an not bound by monastic vows, and not receiving his Jiving from the church, but. often employed as a teacher or the like. Liszt understood the gypsies more than did any other man. He gathered together the wild music of their camp FRANZ LISZT Liszt now donned the abbe's long black robe, and his music took on something like priestly vestments too. Instead of fiery Hungarian rhapsodies or brillant translife and their dances, and wove these melodies with their barbaric rhythms into a series of tone pictures which he called rhapsodies. Gypsies are people of many moods. Sometimes dark dreams of. sorrow oppress them. Sometimes careless joy and gay humor chase the dark moods away. The bright mood may suddenly change to a 'burst of furious passion. These moods are present in their music. A gypsy dance begins with a slow movement, the /assen . In the /assen one feels the slumbering quiet of dreams. criptions for the piano, a requiem or an oratorio flowed from his peaceful pen. But he continued to teach and conduct in Germany and in Hungary, while living in Rome as the pope's Palestrina. (See the Music Appreciation Section of the January, 1941, issue of THE YOUNG CITIZEN.) Liszt made a powerful use of what is known as "program music", that is, musiG which follow~ a story and does not have the usual musical form. He did much for the development of piano music. You should hear his beautiful 62 THE YOUNG CITIZEN FEBRUARY, 1941 Liebesll·au m No. 3 for the piano. He dieil, appropriately enough, at a music festival given by his friend Wagner in Baireuth, on July 13, 1886 while visiting his daughter Cosima. Dazzling piano virtuoso, conductor and composer, teacher, apostle of new music, writer and editor, friend of rich and poor, he had many claims to fame. A REVIEW I. What kind of a pianist was Liszt? 2. When and where was he born? Died when? 3. What did he say to his father when a boy about his ambition? 4. When a boy did Liszt practice much on the piano? 5. Was this necessary? WhY,? 6. What did some wealthy mc;n do for him? · 7. Where did Li'szt study? 8. With what people was Liszt familiar? 9. What did he get from them? Did he use these in his compositions? 10. Tell about a gypsy dance. 11. What is a rhapsody in mu&ic? (See the dictionary.) 12. How many rhapsodies did Liszt write? 13. What new orchestra form did Liszt invent? Tell about it. 14. What honor was conferred upon Liszt by the pope? 15. Why is Liszt famous? 16. Spell and pronounce his name correctly. 17. What is program music?· 18. Liszt developed music·for what instrument? · - 19. Where did Liszt die? 20. Have you heard any of his music? THE FIRST MUSIC As. far back as we know anything.about the peo.ple who have lived on earth, they have always had music. At first, all of the music was sung. Then simple musical instru"ments were made, and people played upon them as they sang. · It was in those early days that the first folk songs were sung. Of course there were no printed books or printe\i music then. The songs were nearly all quite short, and were learned by hearing other people sing or play them. After many years, people learned to print music. The first music was printed a few years before Columbus discovered Amer.ica. This music did not look like the music we have today. Later, men began to write music. At first they wrote only short pieces. After a while people wanted longer and larger pieces to play. So gradually music, such as we have today, was developed. QUESTIONS 1. How old is printed music? 2. Which is older, music or the musical instrument? 3. How were people in early days able to sing, if they did not have books? 4. What were these songs called? 5. Was the first printed music like what we now have? · 6. When was the first musi.c printed.? 7. What kind of music was written at first? 8. Do you think most ·people like music? 9. Do you think there will always be music in the world? Why? 10. Do you like music? 11. Do you hear as much good music as possible? FEBRUARY, 1941 I THE YOUNG CITIZEN ELEMENTARY SCIENCE SECTION THE HUMBLE BEAN Tile Seed Bean Beginning to Grow. The root always goes downward ~"d tlte leaves always go 11jward. THE BEAN, humble though it may be, is one of the most valuable of garden vegetables, for beans furnish nutriment at a lower price than any other of the staple foods of the world, even rice and wheat. Mailt varieties of beans ·are grown throughout the world, forming a large part of the food of the human family. They are so rich in protein that in a measure they can be used to replace meat in our diet. Bean is a name given to several kinds of leguminous (pod-bearing) seeds and the plants producing them. Probably they originally belonged to A~ia. Beans were believed by some of the ancients to contain the souls of their ancestors, and Pythagoras, a Greek philosopher" born about 582 B. C., would not eat beans for that reason. One of the bean family still retains the name of the Pythagorean bean. Beans were introduced by the Moors into Spain, whence they came to France and later to England. It is possible they were bro4ght to Britain by the Romans. The Spaniards probably brought 'beans to the Philippines, although there are native varieties growing in different provinces which may have come from ·China or some other part of Asia. Bean plants are annuals, grown as low bushes or vines from the seed. They have clusters of creamy butterfly-shaped flowers which are followed by pods, usually from two to eight inches long, containing the seeds or beans. One variety has . pods as long as a man's arm. The beans. in the pod vary in size and color, often being beautifully marked with contrasting hues. One of the best known beans is the white navy bean which may be bought in any good groc-ery store. It is one of more than 150 varieties of the kidney bean, the original stock of which is thought to have come from South America. This (Please tu"rn to page 77.) THE YOUNG CITIZEN FEBRUARY, 1941 THREE INTERESTING PRODUCTS I. ASPHALT Getting Asphalt IF YOU have been in Manila or some other large city, you have seen streets paved with asphalt, which is a mineral pitch found in natural beds. Some asphalt is manufactured from petroleum. Asphalt has been used (or paving streets and roads since the days of the ancient Babylonians. In the British island of Trinidad near South America is an asphalt lake. Men have been removing chunks of the hardened crust for many years, but when a train-load is taken away, the hole fills up by itself, as if nothing had been taken away. The lake is renewed by soft pitch (Pfrast turn to page 71.) * * • II. CHALK WHEN you write on the blackboard with a piece of chalk, you hold in your hand the mineral remains (shells) of thousands of tiny creatures which died millions of years ago. They lived in the seas, and as they .. died their tiny shells sank to the bottom and became consolidated into soft Ill. AMBER AMBER is a brittle, yellow., transparent substance, hard enough to be cut into beads and ornaments, but not hard as compared to marble or glass. The ancient Phoenidans, Greeks, and Romans valued amber highly. They thought it had mysterious powers, be" cause it becomes electrified when it is rubbed and attracts light bodies: . The Greeks called it elektron, from which we get our word electricity. Countless ages ago clear pitch or resin came out from pine trees, and accumulations of it were covered . up by various layers of soil. In the course of time these buried lumps of resin 'became hardened ·and ·changed somewhat in substance becoming amber. ' The variety of pine which produced amber grew chiefly on the place now occupied by the Baltic sea and "the North sea in Northern Europe. This part of the earth's surface gradually became submerged, that is, covered by the ocean. When these waters are . disturbed by violent storms, pieces of amber are frequently washed out and cast upon the neighboring shores. The ancient people got all their amber by picking up these pieces but today the most of it is obtained by mining. (Please turn lo page 77.) limestone known as chalk. After long periods of time these beds were elevated, and became parts of the dry land. This process of making chalk is still going on in warm ocean waters, and perhaps some day earth disturbances will raise these deposits for the use of future genera(P/eare tui-n to ~gt 77.) fEBRUARY, 19,p THE YOUNG CITIZEN 65 HISTORY SECTION MAKING BRICKS An Ancient Egyptian ,Bridtmdtr at ·work THE STORY of bricks carries us back to the dawn of civilization, for almost as soon as men began to erect temples and palaces, they learned that a cheap and durable building material could be obtained by moulding clay into rectangular shapes and .allowing them to harden, either in the sun or in artificial heat. Bricks made by the Babylonians 6,000 years ago still exist. The ancient Egyptians had an inexhaustible supply of brick-making material in the clay which forms the bed of the river Nile, and 'brick making was always one of their chief industries. Because this clay lacked tenacity, the Egyptians used to add chopped straw or reeds, which served to bind the bricks together. The Hebrews, during their bondage in Egypt, were required to make bricks. In the picture on .page 65 is shown an Egyptian slave of ancient time mixing the Nile clay with chopped straw to make the building material for some great temple. He is using a primitive type of hoe, while a slave-driver stands over him with a whip. Today brick making is one c;>f the world's great industries. Bricks can be made of almost any kind of day mixed with sand. If sand is not already present in the clay, it must be added. If there is too much sand, the bricks will crumble; if there is too little, the bricks will crack easily . . Clay for bricks is dug by shovels, crushed by hammer or rollers, and sifted ·to remove rocks or other bulky materials. Then the screened clay is mixed with · water and made into columns which are cut into bricks. These are dried. The next step is the all-important burning. The dried bricks are piled inside of kilns to be 'burnt. The fire, which is built in the center of the kiln, strikes the rounded roof and passes down through the spaces between the bricks to a flue beneath the floor, which leads out underground and up into a tall chimney. In (Pleau turn to page 79.) A Brick Kiln 66 THE YOUNG CITIZEN FEBRUARY, 1941 HISTORICAL FACTS ABOUT THE PHILIPPINES COMPILED BY JOSE A. PANJ?Y. I. The Philippine Islands were discovered by Magellan, a Portuguese navigator, on March 16, 1521. 2. The earliest Spanish explorers who came to the Philippines first landed at Homohon, Samar. 3. The first Spanish settlement in the Philippines was in Cebu. 4. At Limasawa, Leyte, the first Catholic Jllass was celebrated by the Spaniards on March 31, 1521. 5. The N egritos or Aetas were the first inhabitants of the Philippines, it is believed. 6. Villalobos named the archipelago . Islas Filipinas (Philippine Islands) in honor of Philip II who was king of Spain at the time. · 7. Magellan was killed on Mactan island, Cebu. 8. On June 3, 1571, Legaspi founded the Spanish city of Manila. 9. The first Spanish governor of the Philippines was Legaspi and the last was de los Rios. IO. The oldest preserved book printed in the Philippines is Arte y Reg/as de la Lengua Tagala (Arts and Rules of the Tagalog Language) printed in 1610. 11. The San Juan de Dios Hospital, which was founded by Juan Clemente in 1578, is the oldest hospital in the Far East. 12. Bishop Miguel Lino de Espeleta was the first Filipino archbishop and governor-general during the Spanish regime. • Lucban Elementary School, Lucban1 Tayabas. 13. 'The University of Santo Tomas, which was established in 1611, is the oldest university under· the American flag. 14. Jose Rizal, greatest Filipino hero and patriot, was born in Calamba, Laguna, on June 19, 1861, and.was executed at Bagumbayan, Manila, ,on December 30, 1896. 15. General Merritt was the first military governor of the Philippines under the American regime, and William H. Taft was the first American civil governor .. 16. Ventura de los Reyes was the first Filipino delegate to the Spanish Cortes; Benito Legarda and Pablo Ocampo were the first resident commissioners .in Washington. 17. Cayetano Arellano was the first Filipino Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. 18. Ignacio Villamor was the first Filipino president of the University of the Philippines. 19. Frank Murphy was the last American governor-general and the first High Commissioner from the United States. 20. Manuel Quezon is the fitst presi: dent of the Philippine Commonwealth. 21. Francis B. Sayre is the present High Commissioner from the United States. 22. The Philippines are to be given complete independence by the United States in 1946. 23. The Philippines have been governed by a foreign nation for more than 400 years. FEBRUARY, 1941 THE YOUNG CITIZEN HEALTH AND SAFET.Y SECTION HELPING IN CASE OF AN ACCIDENT SOME TIME AGO in a small village a man met with a serious accident, and was in danger of bleeding to death. But a boy helped the injured man by .making a bandage and pad from a stone and a handkerchief and tieing these on the wounded man in. such a way that the ·bleeding was stopped. A doctor was able to reach the man in time to save his life. Young people, especially older boys, should be ever on the alert, so as to render help immediately when an accident oc, curs. One must tie full of resource, so that he can make use of whatever may be at hand, just as the boy used his handkerchief and a stone for a .bandage and a pad. Here are a few suggestions: It is important that an injured person should have plenty of air, and if breathing seems to have stopped, one must take steps to restore it. Then one must always see that any injured part is carefully supported. For broken arms and legs, splints are needed-that i§, something solid and firm tQ which the arm or leg may be bound, so that the injury may not be increased. For this purpose all kinds of things are useful--canes, umbrellas, baseball-bats, pieces of bamboo, and so on. Before being used, they should be padded with handkerchiefs, shirts, undershirts, or similar articles. · When anyone meets with ail accident, it is often necessary to remove some of his clothes, such as a coat, or a shoe, or a stocking. This has to be done very carefully, and there is a regular method ·to be followed. In removing a coat, we take it off the uninjured side first, and then, if necessary, cut the stitches of the seam in the sieeve, and lift the c-0at away. A shoe should be unlaced and the back seam cut open carefully. Stockings or socks can be cut off an injured foot with scissors or a penknife. In burns and scalds the clothing must never be dragged from the in jury. Cut around any part adhering and leave it for a doctor to attend to.· In lifting and carrying an injured person the greatest care must be exercised, ·and in serious cases, 1uch as those of injuries to the back, it is better to wait for a doctor's arrival. When placing a patient on a stretcher there must be a gentle, steady effort without any jarring, and if an arm or a leg is injured, some helpers must support the wounded limb. The head should also be supported. The stretcher should be carried horizontally, and the bearers should, as far as possible, be of the same height. They would walk carefully and· take short steps. We must distinctly understand that first aid is not intended to take the place of the doctor's work, and in all cases of serious accident we should call a doctor to the patient as soon as possible. But while someone has gone for the medical man, it is important that the very best should be done for the patient. If he has .broken his leg, the broken bone must not be allowed to do any further injury; if he has cut himself, the bleeding must (Please turn to page 79.) · 68 THE YOUNG CITIZEN FEBRUARY, 1941 SOME HEALTH INFORMATION ·Ill' HOWARD I!ROWN Is THERE a11y way of preve11ti119 the keeping your body. at a safe temperature. · annoyance of mosquitos? The most ef- Armpit pads, bathing, and mild local apfective local application (which any plications to axillary ar·eas are about all druggist will prepare) is made as fol- that can be done. lows: one-half ounce of citronella, one- ARE swimming pools sources of infecfourth ounce of spirits of camphor, one- tion? Very often, unless \be water is fourth ounce of cedar wood oil, mixed frequently changed and sterilized by the with two ounces of vaseline. Rub on the addition of chlorine. Sinus and· ear inexposed skin and repeat frequently. fections can be minimized by limiting WHAT should be done about the sling underwater swimming. of a bee qr a wasp? Pull out the sting WHAT is the first thing to do in case carefully if it remains imbedded in the of sunstroke? Call the doctor-it's serious. flesh. . Then apply a drop or two of The victim is unconscious, the attack dilute ammonia water to the wound. comes on suddenly, and body temperature Encourage bleeding to wash out as much is very high. Loosen tight clothing, of the vemon from the wound as possible. especially around the face and the chest, Apply cold compresses for the relief of and throw water forcefully over the body. pain. Ordinary cool water is just as effective IF YOU are farted to be physically and less of a shock than ice water. A active on very warm days, what common daily bath or shower is a good tempersubstance should you add to your drink- ature control to help prevent-sunstroke. ing water? Table salt. When you per- WHAT should be done if a foreign spire freely, as much as half an ounce body gets in the eye? Wink; never rub. of mineral matter can be lost from the ' Pull the upper lid lower, blow the opbody in a single day. Muscle cramps, posite nostril. Wrap the end of a toothfatigue, and stomach upsets result when pick with absorbent cotton, dip in a solutoo much salt is Jost from the body. To tion of boracic acid, and wipe gently prevent this condition, add one salt tablet across the eyeball. If the foreign body to every glass of water you take, or dis- can be seen, touch the swab to it lightly, solve a fourth of a teaspoonful of table and usually it will· come away. with the salt in the water. swab. Be careful not to press on it;howCAN the pain of sunburn be treated ever, for this may drive it into the eyeeffectivelyf Usually cold compresses of ball. a saturated solution of boric acid will How may nosebleed be stopped? Keep relieve the stinging. Then dab the skin the head upright. Raise the arm on the dry and powder thoroughly-face pow- bleeding side. Apply cold cloths to the der will do nicely. back of the neck and across the bridge Is THERE any way to prevent excessive of the nose. ·If bleeding continues, plug sweating? No safe way; nature knows the nostril with cotton saturated in hybest and should not be discouraged from drogen peroxide. FEBRUARY, 19 . .p THE YOUNG CITIZEN 69 CHARACTER AND CITIZENSHIP SECTION t\' • . SAVE MONEY REGULARLY 70 THE YOUNG CITIZEN FBBRUAllY,. 19.p KEEPING OUR WORD By ARTHUR MEE LIFE is not worth living if people break their word. If we cannot believe a person we can have no dealings with him, either buying or selling. We buy a thing in a store, believing it is what it is said to be; we take the shopman's word, and if he speaks the truth we buy from him again. If he sells us brass and tells us it is gold, we buy from him no more. lf he keeps that thing going, his trade will be ruined. Men cannot prosper on a broken word. We could have no home to live in if people did not keep their word. We live by the side of many people who could rob us or poison us, but they live at peace with us instead. They have given their word, and we believe them. We go to bed at night, we.leave our homes by day, because we believe that our neighbf?rS will keep their word. We could not travel about even in our own homeland if people did not keep their word. We go into another province, into a strange place, and trust our lives and our money to people we have never seen before. But there is the honorable understanding of people who keep their word. A stranger takes care of our personal belongings, another takes our money, another carries an important letter. We go on our way because we trust them all. We take their word. We put our money into the bank, we leave our watch at the watchmaker's, we trust some one with an important piece of information, we risk our very lives, on the promise of a word. Keeping our word means keeping it, RO matter what the cost. A ship's captain takes his vessel to sea filled with valuable freight and carrying people who trust their lives to his care. They trust him and the owners trust him, because he has given his word to "stand by· the ship" to the end. The vessel may run on the rocks. The life-boats are lowered and the passengers and crew go t~ safety: But the captain remains and goes down with his ship. He is keeping his word. Bankers say that the best security for the money they lend is the word of an honorable man, for the value of an honorable word never fails. Our nation trusts its people, keeping police ·for those who break their word. The people of our nation must protect · themselves against those who break their word-thieves, robbers, murderers. But if each one would keep his word by being honest and upright, such protection would not be necessary. Boys and girls, if you would help make your country a great country, learn early in life to keep your word. QUESTIONS I. Why is it necessary for a person to · keep his word? 2. Do you always keep your word? 3. Make a list of people in your town such as merchants, officials, etc. ·who always keep their word. Do people respect and trust them? 4. Have you ever heard of a person who kept his word even at the risk of his life? 5. Why are prisons necessary? 6. How can you help to make the Philippines a great country? 7. Is it important that boys and girls should learn to keep their word? Why? FliBRUARY, 1941 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 71 WORK AND PLAY SECTION A SET OF SIMPLE TRICKS REMOVING a paper from under a standing coin. Cut a strip of paper, place it on the corner of the table, and make a 50-centavo piece stand upon it upright in the manner shown in the illustration in the upper left corner. The table should be quite level, and if it is so, the coin will remain erect without rolling. Then pull ihe paper away sharply, and the coin will remain as it was. THE obedient coin. Place a coin on a tablecloth between two forks and under a glass as shown in the second illustration on the left. Then call to the coin and tell it to come to you. By scratching on the cloth just outside the glass, but not touching the glass, with the nail of one of the fingers, you can make the coin come towards you from under the glass. Jt progresses outwards by shori successive steps, and finally comes to where it can be picked up without touching the glass at all. HOLDING many by means of one. With patience and a steady hand you can arrange straws in the position shown in the illustration (in the lower left corner) with a coin in the middle, so that you can hold the whole structure by one straw. Only five straws are used, and they support each other by the tension of their crossings. A five-centavo piece is a good coin for the purpose, as it is not too heavy. PASSING a large coin th~ough a small opening. In a paper cut a round hole the size of a twenty-centavo piece. You can pass a fifty-centavo piece through the 72 THE YOUNG CITIZEN FBBRUARY, 1941 hole by folding the paper double and bending the ends slightly upwards as shown in the illustration on the upper .right corner. The action of bending the paper, when it has been folded, has the effect of widening the hole sufficient to ·allow the larger coin to pass without tearing the paper. THE stationary coin. Take a square piece of card, place it on your linger-tip with a coin right in the middle of the card and exactly over the tip of the forefinger supporting the card, as shown in the second illustration on the right. Flip the edge of the' card with the middle finger of the other hand and the coin will be left on your finger. BLOWING the tumbler. Place two tiimblers in the position shown in the illustration in the lower right corner, one tumbler within the other, with the mouth downwards. Blow into the larger tumbler, and the smaller will be thrown into your lap. BALANCING a plate. Drive a pin into a cork in a bottle. Take four other corks and stick forks into .their sides near the end. Then you can balance a plate on the pin by fixing up the corks and the forks as shown in the upper illustration in the center. WHAT IS A CROSS-WORD PUZZLE? }UST what is a cross-word puzzle? A satisfactory scientific definition has not yet been given, but see how you like the definition which we take from the Dearborn Independent: "The cross-word puzzle is an intensively rectangular but essentially heterogeneous concatenation of dissimilar verbal synonimic similitudes, replete with internal inhibitions, yet promulgating extensive ratiocination and meticulously designed to promote fulminative vituperation, dispel hebetudenosi!Y and develop speculative, contemplative, introspective, deliberative, and cogitative faculties." PASSING your body through a small piece of paper. Cut a slit down the middle of a piece of paper. Double the . paper lengthwise and cut alternately from the two edges almost to the other edges, a's in ·the lower illustration in the center. The paper is then in the form of a long, circular chain; through which your body can pass easily, if the zigzags are carefully opened out. A WELL-KNOWN PARTY GAME FORM a circle of chairs with their seats facing outwards.. There must be one chair less than the number of players. Have some one go to the piano and play a lively march. While music is ·being played, the players march around the chairs. When the music suddenly stops, they sc~amble for seats. The one left standing drops out, taking a chair with him. The game continues until only one player is seate!l. The game may be played without music, the leader clapping when the players are to be seated. This game is often call~d Going to J erusa/em, and the winning player is said to ha~e "arrived at Jerusalem." FEBRUARY, 1941 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 73 SOME CHICKEN RECIPES IN THE PHILIPPINES chick- pieces for serving two ens are both plentiful and young chickens. Plunge in cheap. There are many cold water; then drain but ways of preparing delicious do not wipe the pieces. dishes froni chicken. We Sprinkle with salt and peptake pleasure in publishing per, and coat thickly with a few of these recipes in flour, having as much flour THE YOUNG CITIZEN. adhere to the chicken as Stewed Chicken with possible. Fry out one pound Onions of fat salt pork tut in pieces. Dress, clean, and° cut in Cook the chicken slowly in pieces for serving, . two the fat until it is tender and chickens. Cook in a small well browned. Serve either quantity of water with hot or cold. eighteen small onions; Re- Baked Chicken ... move the chicken as soon as it is cooked tender. When Dress, clean, .and cut up the onions are soft, drain two chickens. Place in a them from the chicken dripping pan with salt and broth. Leave only one and pepper, sprinkle with flour, one-half cups of the stock and add one-fourth of a cup (broth). Make a gravy as of butter in very small follows: mix three table- lumps. Bake the chicken spoons of butter, four table- for thirty minutes in a hot spoons of flour, one-half cup ov.en, basting every five of condensed milk and the minutes with one-fourth of stock (broth). Then add a cup of butter melted in the yolks of three eggs, salt, one-fourth of a cup of boiland pepper. Stir this mix- ing water. Serve with gravy ture while it is cooking. made by using the fat in Then pour the gravy over. the pan, one-fourth of ·a the chicken and onions. cup of flour, one cup of Fried Chicken diluted condensed milk, Dress, clean, and. cut in salt and pepper. Chicken Pie Dress, clean, and cut up two chickens. Put in a stewpan with one onion, cover with boiling :water, and cook slowly until the meat is tender. When the chicken is half-cooked, add onehalf tablespoon of salt and one-eighth teaspoon of pepper. Remove the chicken and put it in a baking dish. Add a few thin slices of potatoes and carrots. Cover with a bakingpowder crust one-half inch in thickness in which openings .have been cut in a number of places. Bake in a hot oven and serve hot. The baking powder crust is made as follows: Mix and sift thr·ee cups of flour, two tablespoons of . baking powder and one one-half teaspoons of salt. Work in three tablespoons of lard and three tablespoons of butter, using the tips of the fingers; then add one and one-fourth cups of condensed milk diluted. Toss on a floured bread-·b()ard and roll to a thickness of one-half inch. THE YOUNG CITIZEN FEBRUARY, 1941 Roast Chicken I To stuff the chicken: Put yolks of eggs. Place again Dress and clean (but do the stuffing by s~oonfuls in on the fire until the eggs not cut into pieces) a large the neck end,_ usmg e?ough are a little thickened, but chicken. Fill with a stuff- to fill the skm sufficiently, do not let it boil or they will · ing made as follows: 2 cups so that the chicken will look curdle. A border of rice of cracker crumbs, 2 cups plump when served. When may be placed. around the of soft bread crumbs, one the body is full of stuffing, chicken 'when it is served. and one-third cups of but- sew the skin together. Broiled Chicken ter, one and one-third cups Chicken Frickasee Young chickens only are of boiling water, salt, pc~- Cut a chicken into eleven used for bro_iling. ·Split per, powdered sage. Mix p" tw d t" k tw them down the back, rethoroughly. ieces: . ? rums ic s,_ 0 move the entrails· and the Pl h ff d h. k 1 second 1omts, two wmgs, ace t e stu e c 1c en breast bone, wipe them on its back in a roasting ~o breasts, thre~ ba~k clean, sprinkle with salt Pan. Rub the entire sur- pieces. Put _the pieces m h bl and pepper, and rub them face with salt. Spread the a saucepan wit two ta . e- . f l f b d with soft butter. Place breast and legs with three s~oon u s o utter or rip- them on a .broiler over a tablespoons of butter mixed pmgs. Let them brown with two tablespoons of slightly on ho.th si~es, but slow fire, the inside down; flour. Sprinkle flour on the use care that they do not cover them with a pan and bo~tom of the roasting pan. burn. When a little colored, let thtm cook· 20 or 25 Place in a hot oven', and add enough boiling water minutes. Turn the chickens when the flour is well to cover them. Add some and let the skin brown browned, reduce the heat. sage or other herbs if des- when they are nearly done. Then baste the chicken ired, salt and pepper, and Place them on a hot dish every ten minutes until it a few slices of salt ·pork. and spread butter on them. is cooked. When the breast Simmer until tender. Serve with a garnish of is tender the chicken is suf- Arrange the pieces neat- parsley or water-cress and ficiently cooked. A four- ly on a. _dish, placing the thin slices of lemon. pound chicken should be b . "d p Smothered Chi"cken cooked about one and one- est pieces outs1 e. our half hours. over them a gravy made as Dress young chickens, For basting, .use one- follows: Strain the liquor wash, and let them stand in fourth of a cup of butter, from the pot and take off water half an hour to make melted in two-thirds of a the fat. Make a white sauce them white. Cut them open· cup of boiling water, and of one tablespoonful of but- at the back and put into a after this is gone, use the ter, two tablespoonfuls of baking dish. Sprinkle salt fat in the pan. When nee- flour, and a cupful of the and pepper over them, and essary to prevent the flour I liquor from the pot; season put a lump of butter here from burning, add one cup to taste;_ remove from the and there. Then cover tightof boiling water. During I fire, and when a -little cool ly with anot):ier pan the the cooking, turn the chick- add a cupful of cream or same size and bake one en frequently, so that.it will diluted condensed milk hour. Baste often with butbrown evenly. beaten up with two or three ter. A delicious dish. FEBRUARY, 1941 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 75 CLUB Observing Ants Collecting Toy Dogs A Geography Booklet By DIOSCORO MAGLALING By K. B. By JOSE ESTELLA (I6 YEARS OLD) (14 YEARS OLD) (11 YEARS OLD) ANYONE who wishes to SEVERAL years ago a friend LAST YEAR in our class we study the interesting habits gave me a toy dog. I liked it made a booklet in ~ogra of ants may do so easily at so much that 9everal other phy. After we studied home. This is what I did friends gave me toy dogs. about one of the provinces in order to observe these Then some one said to me, of the Philippines, we made little insects. "Why not make a collection what our teacher called a . I got a round jar made of toy dogs? See ho!ll' many summary sheet. of clear glass and filled it you can get." And so col- On the sheet we placed three-fourths full of slight- lecting toy dogs has been a product map of the provly moist earth gathered my hobby ever since. I now ince studied. After a class from the garden. Then I have more than 250 toy discussion we drew illustramade a cylinder of thick, dogs, and they have come tions for various points of dark paper which fitted from many different places. interest, industries, or prodsnugly around the jar to the How did I g_et them? In ucts. We also placed three. h.eight of the earth inside. various ways: I bought or four important facts on This paper was so that many, I traded for many, each sheet. when I held the jar by the and many were given to Everyone in our class top, the paper tube would me. As soon as my friends was very much interested in easily slide up and down heard of my hobby, they making a geography bookthe jar. began giving me toy dogs of let. Each one made a cover. Then I found an ant all sizes and descriptions. On the front we .drew a colony, and captured as Then, too, whenever I went picture in color of the many ants as possible. I into a place where toy dogs American flag and the Philwas careful not to injure were sold, I bought as many ippine flag. Inside we wrote them. I dug out their nest as possible. Sometimes the words of Star-Spangled and got their grubs, larvae, several of these were alike; Banner and The Philippine pupae, and a large queen the duplicates were . for National Anthem. We also ant. trading purposes. From pasted inside a picture of I put my prisoners in the American magazines for George Washington and a jar, covered the top with boys I secured names and picture of Jose Rizal. On paper, and pricked .pin- addresses of boys in the the back of the booklet we (Please turn to page 79.) (Please turn to page 79.) (Please turn to page 79.) 76 THE YOUNG CITIZEN HOW A PYTHON KILLED WHY JOSE GOT THE A BULL HIGHEST AVERAGE FEBRUARY, 1941 KAPTAIN KIDD GOES TO SCHOOL (Continued from page 55) (Contin"'d from page 58) (Continued from page 59) crush the bones; the prep- in your school? every day?" I accusingly ara.tion of the food is done 4. Was Jose acquiring inquired. by the terrifically powerful some good habits? There were many grave body. 5. Do you know any shakings of heads. A cat ~ The python began at the boys like Jose? m~st come to school if he front. part of the bull's car- 6 D k wishes to know h-ow! cass and moved toward the · 0 you now any But next day Kaptain back, crushing all the bones .boys not like Jose? Kidd walked right in. with as it did so. It was a terrible 7· Has this story helped the sunshine, his tail elecsight. It took the reptile you? How? tric, upstanding with joy. more than half an hour to 8. What kind of man do He wound the gyrating tail get the 'body of the bull you think Jose will be- among many little legs and ready for swallowing. Then come? even braved the teacher's it dragged the carcass away ankles. Patled by velvet into the jungle. the skin of the python, hands, he promenaded the All this time my three which was a· little more aisles. dogs. had stood behind me than twenty-four feet in Yes, Kaptain Kidd was paralyzed by fear. When length. But finally I gave back, ready to be petted, I continued my hike, they it away, because every time have a bite tci eat, perhaps followed so near to me that I looked at it, I was re- to learn h-ow, and ·incidentally to listen at that interthey even touched my boots minded of that terrible esting mouse-hole behind several times. · struggle of life and death the teacher's desk, hoping A few days later three between .the mighty king of to hear a minute squeak natives came to our farm the reptiles and the helpless there. After all, to listen house and offered me the jungle bull. thus is his accomplishment, skin of the python. They the one thing he knows best. had found the reptile in the REVIEW And his way of knowing act of swallowing the bull's I. What is a python? h-ow was never taught in body. The snake had swal- (See the encyclopedia.) any school. That's the great lowed most of the carcass, 2. Find Mount Elgon advantage of 'being. a cat. but was unable to get the on the map. head down-the head was . QUESTIONS sticking out of the python's 3. Fmd Uganda on the I. Do you like this story? mouth. The enormous rep- map. 2. Has your school a tile was helpless in this posi- 4. What is a safari? cat pupil like Kaptain tion, and it was easy for the 5. What are some f th Kidd? (Per haps your natives to 'kill it with their wild animals found io th'e teacher will permit· you to 1 n IS b 0 'f h 0 0 d ong spears. part of East Africa? rmg one 1 e 1s mce an . clean and well behaved.) For a long time I kept 6. Tell about each. (Please turn to page 77.) FEBRUARY, 19.p THE HUMBLE BEAN (Continued from page 63) THE YOUNG CITIZEN ASPHALT (Continued from page 64) species also includes many from under ground sources. varieties of wax and string This lake, the world's beans, eaten green with the largest supply of relatively pods, or shelled and dried. pure asphalt, occupies more The lima bean also came than 137 acres with a maxfrom South America. It i~um depth of more than has large flat beans in a 17 5 feet. broad pod that grows on either a bush or a vine. The CHALK pod is not edible, but the (Continued from page 64) seed is eaten both green and . dried. . t1ons. In color chalk is usually Soy beans are the com-· white or whitish, and is mon beans of China, Japan, composed chiefly of carbonIndia, and the Orient, ate of lime. where they are an important item in the diet of the When chalk is mixed inhabitants who eat much with some other suostances, rice. Soy beans are not eat- it becomes the crayons el\ as a vegetable, but are which we use in school. prepared in a great variety of. complex forms. The common bean· of Europe is the broad bean which has been used as a food since remotest times. AMBER (Continued from page 64) Amber is usually found in small pieces but . some lumps weighing 15 or 18 pounds have been found. Amber, which is expensive, is used chiefly for the mouthpieces of pipes, f9r beads, and for other ornamen ts. .REVIEW KAPTAIN KIDD (Continued from page 76) 77 3. Here is a list of the big words in this story and their meanings. Can you memorize these? unconcernedly, not. caring brazenly, without shame prodigious, big Stalks, walks surreptitiously, slyly lopped,. dropped or hung back ceremoniously, w i t h great display or show immaculate, very clean achieved, secured overtures, offers fastidiously, daintily mangy, mean phenomenon, u nus u a I happening worsted, defeated primly, in a very polite manner apologetically, as if asking pardon accusingly, as if blaming gyrating; moving promenaded, walked minute, small accomplishment, . something well done 4. What have you learned from Kap ta in Kidd? Beans are prepared for use in a number of ways. Enormous quantities are ripened, shelled, and dried. Dried bea.ns are also cooked, seasoned ready for the table, and canned as baked beans. String beans, and shelled green lima beans are also canned. 1. Tell all you can about 5. Why did the children asphalt. like Kaptain Kidd? SOMETHING TO DO Tell as much .as you can about the bean after you have studied this article. . 6. Do you think Kaptain 2. Tell all you can about Kidd would ever learn to chalk_ say h-ow? 3. Tell all you can about 7. Why did he learn the amber. other three "words"? ;S THE YOUNG CITIZEN Fi:BRUARY, 19 .. p THE FUNNY PAGE FEBRUARY, 19:p THE YOUNG CITIZEN 79 ~IAKING BRICKS (Continued from page 65) HELPING IN AN ACCIDENT COLLECTING TOY DOGS the picture on page 65 workmen ar·e shown firing one of the kilns. Bricks have been made and used in the Philippines ever since Spanish days. If you will examine the old wall around Manila (built more than 300 years ago) you will find that bricks were used in making some parts of the" wall. In shme of the churches and other buildings of the Philippines, bricks were used to some extent. The use of cement is now rapidly replacing the use of bricks. (Co11tilt11ed from pnge 67) be stopped at once; and in all cases the patient must be placed in such a pos1qon that he will suffer as little pain as possible. If we remember these instructions accurately, we may be of assistance in case of an accident. REVIEW Study this information. Then write it in your. own words. OBSERVING ANTS .(Continued from page 75) (C<mti11ued from page 75) United States and different countries. I wrote to each of these boys, told about my dog collecting hobby, and offered to trade a-toy dog for another "breed" of toy dog. Almost always I was able to make . a trade and secure another valuable specimen. And so my collection has grown and grown; it has now become large and interesting. I have toy dogs of all sizes,· materials, colors, and knids. Collecting toy dogs is, I find, a most interesting hobby. Try it. holes in it for air. I left the A GEOGRAPHY BOOKLET MAKING USE OF THIS ARTICLE l. Read the article about Making Bricks very carefully two times. 2. Prepare a talk from what you have read. 3. Make this talk to your parents or to your class at school. jar undisturbed in the light, and soon the ants began tunneling, particularly along "1e sides. of the jar. Occasionally I dropped into the jar a little sugar, small pieces of meat, and dead flies, and sprinkled a few drops of water on the earth. A week later I drew off 4. If you live in or near Manila, or can go there, go and inspect some of the the paper cylinder from t.he bricks in the old wall. jar, and was amazed to see Where do you think they the ants scurrying about in were made? Why were the network of tunnels they they used? had made. I watched them 5. Are there any brick a little while, and then houses in the town in which covered them up again so you live? If so, where were that they would not disapthe bricks made? What was pear into the center of the the source of the material? jar. (Continued from page -75) drew the Philippine coatof-arms and on the front wrote the words "Philippines, My Philippines." We all liked our booklets very much. After our booklets were all finished, our teacher placed a long table in the hall near our room. On this table she put all of the geography booklets which were well made. Then we invited parents as well as teachers and pupils from other rooms to come and inspect our booklets. Everyone praised thein very highly. My father was so pleased \Vith mine that he gave me five pesos. So THE YOUNG CITIZEN FEBRUARY,. 1941 is that you'll turn to that stOry first thing as soon as you get the coming March number of THE YouNc C1TizEN. But, as usual there are going to be a lot of other good things in that March number. Be sure and don't miss it. And here's another thing: We shall go right on publishing THE How did you like the first of the sure THE YouNG C1TizEN will YOUNG CITIZEN during the vacatr-ue stories of a young man's ex- be in great demand, at least in my tion months. Of. course, you will periences among· the wild aninlals geography class." want to read these vacation numof East Africa-the story about Thank }'Ou, dear teacher, for hers-the April a'1d the May numthe charge of two rhinoceroses? your interesting letter. . We are her. Two more African animal Wasn't thl\t story intensely in- always glad when THE YouNG stories, you know, and many, many teresting ! Aiid what a thriller is CITIZEN helps any teacher and her other interesting articles. the second one !-the story .in t~is pupils in any way. Why not ask Dad to let you be issue of THE YouNo CITIZEN No doubt I shall receive a num- a subscriber to. this fine "magazine which is a true account by an eye- ber of letters about these ·animal, for young Fifipinos" so it will witness of how a prthon killed a stories. They are interesting, in- surely come to your home during bull. deed! When they were first sent the vacation months and all the I know that a group of }'oung- to me, I sat up· nearly' all night rest of the months of the; year. sters up in the !\fountain Province reading the entire series. At once Then you will never miss anything enjoyed the rhinoceros st9ry, for I brought out my atlas. My which THE YOUNG CITIZEN has I have received a letter which a knowledge of African geography to offer. teacher living nearby sent to me was increased as a consequence. Or you and your friends might personally. This teacher writes as I asked a schoolboy how he try this plan: Join with six or eight follows: ''It so happened that my liked the first of these stories. or ten of your classmates, and form class in geography was studying "Fine!" he said, "but I.wish it a Young Citizen Club. Each should about Africa when we chanced to 'was longer." Ho\v do you like make a contribution until you have see the story Charged by a Rlrinoc- them, reader of THE YOUNG enough money to pay for a suberos in the January, 1941, number CITIZEN? The Editor would ap- scription to THE YOUNG CITIZEN. of THE YOUNG CITIZEN. At preciate a letter from you, if you When a copy of your magazine once maps of Africa were brought feel so inclined. arrives, have club meetings as out. Your little map illustrating Now, let me think. What will often as· desired. At these tneetthe story was very helpful, for we be the next story of an adventure ings read aloud the various articles. could easily locate the country "among the wild e.nimals of East Then review or discuss them. Your where the rhinoceros lives, and Africa"? Oh, yes! I remember teacher or your mother or some ~:e:: t!:::c~:::r:~c:~;ddi::;:: ~::ber ~h;er::i:l;o:n;~eer~har:~~ older person might help you. sion of the Belgian Congo and er! In it the 8uthor tells of his Or you might collect enough · Uganda, and the wild animals of experience when the little Ford money to pay for several subscripEast Africa. In short, this story in which he and his companion tions. Then the members of your aroused great interest in my class were driving was attacked by fif- club could take a magazine home, . in· the study of Africa. We are teen ferocious African lions I One read it, and the°: give it to anowondering what other animals will lion would be too many for me! ther member of the club. be told about in these stories. We But what would I do if fifteen It's a good plarr. Try it. arf: all eagerly awaiting the next came at me all at once when my Well, my space is all gone, so, of. these .'true ~xperiences related only protection was the steel sides until next month, Goodbye.-THE by a young traveler,' and I am and top of a Ford sedan! My guess EDITOR. Announcement to All Our Young Readers: . Did J'OV. ever do 1omethinc interesting and worth while! Have you had an1 u:pll!'rimce in doit11' any of the following: (1) Collecting Philippine Shella, (2) Buntinc Tun.la, (S) Ezploring a Volcano, (4) Catehinc Sharks, (6) Making an Aquarium, (8) Collecting Postase Stamps, (7) Visiting Famous Churches of the Philippines,. (8) llaking a Garden, (9) :Raising Flowers, (10) :Making Candiea, (11) Buildinc a Sail Boat, (12) Hunting for Wild Animals, (18) Baking Bread or Cake1, (14) Mak .. tag Articles of Clothing, (16) :Making Articles of Furniture, (16) Visiting the Aquarium in Manila, (1'1) Collecting Moths and Butterflies, (18) Collecting Interesting Botanical Specimens, (19) Raising Orehids, (20) Visiting Primitive Peoplea in the P\iilippinea, or doing many other interesting things. WRITE ABOUT IT IN A SHORT COMPOSITION. Send your composition to The· Y """9 Citizon. Each month the Editor of The Young Citizen will publish as many- of the best compositions as space will permit. If your ~mposition is accepted for publication, you will become a member of The What-Are-You-Doing? Club. The rules for securing membership are simple. OBSERVE THE FQLLOWING RULES: 1. Write about something interesting which you have done, such as the above titles suggest. Do not write a story which is not true. If your story is accepted, you are a member of the Club. 2. On your composition write your name and address VERY PLAINLY. S. State your age. (. Tell what you liked best in recent issues of The Yo1ttlg Citi••n. Address all letters to : The What-Are-You-Doing? Club Care of Community Publishers, Inc. Publishers of The Young Citizen P. 0. Box 685. Manila, Philippines For service and satisfaction) write withINKOGRAPH PENCIL-POINTED FOUNTAIN PEN The most practical fountain pen you can buyV ersatile-it writes well ·on any kind of paper-rough, smooth, ~n, thick. wrapping, or blotting paper. It can ea.sily make four carbon copiet. It fits any hand---t;tands rough handling-draws lines, without smearin' the ruler with ink. Prices: from P3.oo to P4.50 ~Add 25 centavos for postage) lnkograph fountain pens are the product of well-known American manufacturers INKOGRAPH COMPANY, INC., New York, U.S. A. So/J ezclusifJe/y by COMMUNITY PUBLISHERS, INC. Crystal Arcade Escolta, Manila The Uses of THE YOUNG CITIZEN Approved in AcaJ. Bull. No. 11~ series 1935 The Director of Education, in his letters of Nov. 4, 1937 and Jan. 14, 1939, indicated the following points: I. The YOUNG CITIZEN is ideal for audience reading, group projects, and the like. 2. The YOUNG CITIZEN can be of much help in encouraging reading habiu on a voluntary ha.sis. 3. Authority is given for the placing of one er more subscriptions for tver1 classroom (including barrio schools) of Grade II and above. 4. In addition to subscriptions for classrooms, several subscriptions may be placed for the library, and one for the Home Economic.a Building and one for the shop building. 5. The YOUNG CITIZEN being the only magazine ever published in the Philippines for children, the Bureau of Education has taken much interest io its develi - opment. I 6. Subscriptions to magazine intended for pupils should be on full year basis. This magazine is published 12 times a year