The Young Citizen

Media

Part of The Young Citizen: The Magazine for Young People

Title: The Young Citizen
Issue Date: Volume 7 (Issue No.5) May 1941
Year: 1941
Language: English
Rights
extracted text: i'"!ll!!!Pl\\W"*'!\\!141B!l\!Pl\ltoMP!f\B!l\!IM\W\}Pl\\M\@§U!\\!!1!!WP!l\?li\\P4\l!!OOf\!4\@flP41ejj!B!l!14!•1!!W?1!Wt411 I Announcement to All Writers: We Will Pay Yeu for writing articles of merit for publication in THE YOUNG CITIZEN. We want interetting children's 1torie1 from 200 to SOO word1 in length; also game1; reading de•icea, articlee of historical iotere1t, elementary tcience and health anicles, puzzles, jokes, and pla1let1. We also v.ish to buy 1everal good serial stories. Interesting at0riet leH than ZOO word• in length are desired for Little People. Y 011 can add to your income by writing for UL Primary Teachers: . We especially desire various kinds of intereating material suitable for Firs!, Second. and Third Grade Pupils. We will pa7 teacher• and othere for material which we can use. Each article should be written in clear, easy, correct English, on one side of the paper, typewritten if possible, or written by hand neatly and legibly. The ai1ticle should be submitted with a self-addressed stamped envelope, other- . wise the publishers will not return it to the writer in case it cannot be used. Address all communications to: The Managing Editor The Young Citizen Care of Community Publishers, Inc. p; O. Box 685, Manila, Philippinea I I • For First Graders Things We Eat-Anastacia Villamil Things We Wear-Anastacia Villamil • For Second Graders Philippine Money-Filemon Fernandez Read This And Do This Buying with Money-Filemon Fernand~z A Reading LeS9on . Our School Store • For Third Graders The L~vely Benguet Lily Find Out the Answers Busy Work The Pretty Red Hibiscus . . Find Out the Answers to These, Too More Busy Work • Stories Jose's Ice-Cream Cone-Pancita Flores The Very Little Woman-Elsi Parrish A Jungle Fire • Poems This Land ls Ours • Character and Citizen~hip Wa·r and Peace-Dr. /. Panlasigui ./ . • Elementary Science Mother Donkey and her Baby Plant Survivors from the Coal Age • History The Famous Rock of Gibraltar • Music Appreciation Cesar Franck-Bert Paul Osbon • Work and Play The Mystery of the Suspended Knife . Cards That Tell Any Number Thought Of A Filter That a Boy Can Make . Sandwiches for Vacation Picnics Art AppreC!iation-M erla Periquet Vacation Concerts-Eduardo Palopo The Aquarium-Jesusa Corazon . The Funny Page Chats with the Editor ll6 157 "' 158 158 159 159 159 160 160 160 161 161 161 163 165 167 155 154 162 170 173 172 175 176 176 177 179 179 179 180 184 Published monthly by the Community Publishers, Inc., 122 Cry•al Arcade, Escolta. Manila, Philippines. Entered as Second Class Mail Matter at the Manila Post Office on May 16, 1935. Editorial Director: Jost E. Rcn11ero; Managing Editor: Bert Paul Osbon: Contributing Editors: Dr. I. Pa11la.<igui and Quirico A. Cruz; Staff Artist: Pedro Paguia; Buainess Manager: Emitiana. Garcia Ro.flales. Subi;cription Price: f3.00 for one year of 12 issues; $2.00 in. the United States and forelp countries. Single copy, 30 centavos. Sicbs~ription.s are to be paid to Communitu Publfakers, Inc. nu; MAGAZINE; !=OR YOUNG P!;OPL(; THE YOUNG CITIZEN MAY, 1941 THE MESSAGE THIS MONTH WAR AND PEACE WAR! 1. At present everywhere there is destruction! Nations are destroying each other. Houses, school buildings, churches, hospitals, ships, railroads, everything that man had built is now being destroyed. Cities are· nothing but ruins. The world's population and wealth are now in desolation and waste. . 2. Why? Because people have not yet learned to love each other. Instead, they destroy each other. They violently hate each other. There is animosity in every man's heart. . . 3. And what is the result of such hatred or animosity? Nothing will ever come out of it· except cruelty. People kill each other with bombs, bullets, and starvation .. There is nothing in the hearts of men except ruthlessness. Can there be no peace? Can we learn to live in peace? With a prayer in our hearts we can learn! And let us learn the lessons of peace before everything is destroyed. PEACE! 1. To have .the power of suffering or enduring with fortitude. This is the lesson of patience. 2. To have the ability to be calm. Not to be easily disturbed and fly to anger and hatred. This is the lesson of equanimity. 3. To have the spirit of love 11nd goodwill to everybody. This is the lesson of affection. 4. To have kindness in the judging of men. Not to impose upon them questionable motives of their acts. This is the lesson of charity. 5. To have the power to maintain among people the equality of rights, the willingness to give each man his dues according to reason and to the law of God. This is the lesson of equity. These five lessons, when they have been learned by every one, old and young, rich and poor, strong and weak, wise and foolish will brihg peace on earth. -DR. I. PANLASIGUI THE YOUNG CITIZEN A POEM FOR THIS MONTH THIS LAND IS OURS This land is ours to lovt and cherish. THIS LAND is ours; Its grass and grains, Its mountain peaks And fruited plains. This land is ours To have and hold; Its teeming seas, Its veins of gold. Its sturdy schools, Its churches fine, Its forest plots Of palm and pine. Its waterfalls, Its sunset glow, Its orchids rare Where brooklets flow. Its well-built roads On which we ride, Stretch. miles across The countryside. This land is ours; Its suri and shade, Where democratic Codes are made. This land is !)Urs; I ts plains and hills, Its rivers wide, And leaping rills. This land is ours To love and cherish, To guard, that freedom Does not perish! ,,, FOR FffiST GRADERS THE YOUNG CITIZEN THINGS WE EAT By ANASTACIA VILLAMIL Draw a line from the picture to its name . .fish house boat tomatoes book flowers bananas' rice shoes paper cup chair chicken bread desk' meat cakes potatoes corn mangoes MAY, 1941 FOR FIRST GRADERS THE YOUNG CITIZEN THINGS WE WEAR By ANASTACIA VILLAMIL Draw a line from the picture to its name. dress clock ribbon shoes coat slippers coat. hat socks dress shirt trousers shoes stockings necktie shirt dress chair slippers bed 157 THE YOUNG CITIZEN MAY, 1941 FOR SECOND GRADERS PHILIPPINE MONEY By FILE.MON FERNANDEZ Do you know the words used on our money? They are centavo and peso. Which ones are metal? Look at the picture and see. One centavo, five centavos, ten centavos, twenty centavos, and fifty centavos. Which ones are paper? They are called bills. Look at the picture and see three of them. One peso, two pesos, and five pesos. There are other bills, too. Can you name all of those in the picture? Do you know them all when you see them? Read This I know the names of the coins in the picture. I know all the coins when I see them. Money is used for buying. We earn money by working. I earn some money. I save my money. I put it in my coconut bank. Some day I will buy a little wagon with my money. How much will it cost? And Do This Ask Mother or Father to show you Tell the number of centavos many coins. . all together equal. Tell the name of each one. Tell the number each equals. THE _ YOUNG CITIZEN 159 FOR SECOND GRADERS BUYING WITH MONEY By FILEMON FERNANDEZ Do we need money? Yes, we all need money. Why do we need _nioney?. So we can buy things. . What can we buy with money? Food and. clothing and other things. Where do we buy things? In t11e market or the store. Who sells things? A merchant. Which will buy more, fifty centavos or a peso? Which will buy less, five centavos . or twenty centavos? Which will buy more, twenty centavos or 2 ten-centavo coins? Which will buy more, a one-peso _ bill or 2 fifty-centavo coins? A Reading Lesson Sometimes I go to the market with Mother. We go to buy things. We buy things to ea:t. We buy fish and bananas and other things. · Sometimes we buy a chicken. · Mother puts the things in a large basket. I help her carry the basket. I like to go to the market with Mother. Our School Store In our school we have a store. It is not a real store. · It is a play store. We have play money, too. Our teacher helped us make our store and our money. 16e THE YOUNG CITIZEN MAY, 1941 FOR THIRD GRADERS THE LOVELY BENGUET LILY A lovely lily grows in the Philippines. It grows in the Mountain Province. It is called the Benguet lily. Many of these lilies are found at Baguio. The flowers are very beautiful. They are white. Have you seen a Benguet lily? Find Out the Answers On what island is the Mountain Province? Where is Benguet? What is Benguet? Where is Baguio? What is Baguio? Do coconut trees grow in the Mountain Province? What kind of trees are very common there? What are the petals of a lily? What are the stamens? Busy Work Get a Benguet lily or a picture of one. Draw a picture of orte or of several of these lilies. Whiten the petals with chalk; color the leaves green. Write all you know about these lovely flowers. · If you can do so, grow some at your home or your school. MAY, 1941 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 161 FOR THIBD GRADERS THE PRETTY RED HmISCUS The pretty red hibiscus grows in the Philippines, too. It grows in all the provinces. Many people call it the gumame/a. There are different kinds of hibiscus. The hibiscus is a shrub. Most of the hibiscus flowers are red. Some of them close at night. Do y.ou like the pretty red hibiscus? Find Out the Answers to These, Also What is a shrub? Does the hibiscus grow in other countries? How many petals has the hibiscus flower? How many stamens? Can hibiscus shrubs be used to . make .a hedge? How high will it grow? What is the Filipino name for hibiscus? How many kinds of hibiscus flowers have you seen? What colors were they? More Busy Work Get a flower of the hibiscus or a picture of one. Draw a picture of one or of several hibiscus flowers. Color the petals red; color the leaves green. Write all you know aJ:iout these pretty flowers. If you can do so, grow a hedge of hibiscus shrubs. MAY, 1941 THE YOUNG CITIZEN LITTLE STORIES FOR LITTLE PEOPLE JOSE'S ICE-CREAM CONE ADAPTED BY PANCITA FLORES "JUAN AND JosE," said Mother, "I want you to go to the store for me. Here is a peso .. I want a loaf of bread and a can of milk. Yau will have some money left. Yau may each have five centavos to •pend. Now be careful-be sure that you don't lose the money." "We'll be careful," answered the boys. Soon they were hurrying down the street towa;d ·the state. "I know what I'm going to buy with my five centavos," decided Juan. "I'm going to buy a little balloon. Pedro had one today-a little red one with pictures on it." "I don't want a little balloon. I want an ice-cream cone," said Jose. . "But an ice-cream cone costs ten centavos," answered Juan. "I know it," agreed Jose, looking very sad, "but I do want one so much." "I want one, too," said Juan, "but never mind. Let's get small balloons, and maybe tomorrow Mother will buy us each an ice-cream cone." That didn't make Jose feel a bit hap·pier. "I Want my ice-cream cone now," he said. "I don't want to wait until tomorrow. Maybe Mother wouldn't mind if we took five centavos." Juan shook his head hard. "No, you can't do that. Mother wouldn't like it. We have to take the rest of the money home with us." "I don't care,'' said Jose. "I want an ice-cream cone, and I'm going to have one, too. Yau can tell Mother you lost the money." "Oh, . dear!" thought Juan, looking very worried. "That wouldn't be right, but I don't know what I can do about it." He thought very hard for a· little while. "I guess I· don't want ·an ice-cream cone after all," decided Juan at last. "Here," he added, holding out the peso, "you take the money." Jose looked at the peso wonderingly. ·"But why do you want me to take it?" he asked. "Why don't you just wait and give me five centavos after we buy the things at the store?" "No," said Juan. "You take the money now. You can give me my five centavos 'after· you buy the loaf of bread and the can of milk. Then you_ can tell Mother that you lost the money yourself. I don't want to tell her." "All right," Jose answered, taking the peso. "I guess you'll be sorry, Juan, when I eat my cone." f u.an tried not . to feel had as he watched f ou eating the ice-cream cone. THE YOUNG CITIZEN MAY, 1941 When the boys reached the store, Jose is it?" said to the clerk, ''I want a loaf of bread Jose shook his head. "I'm sorry, and a can of milk, please." Mother," he said. "I won't ever do it Jose gave the clerk the peso. Then again." he held out his hand for the change, "I'm sure you won't," answered which the clerk gave him. Mother; kindly. "But how about you, "Here's five centavos for you, Juan, . Juan?" she asked. · and here's. ten centavos for me." Juan held up his balloon for Mother Soon the boys were on their way home. to ·see. "I bought this," he said h~ppily. Juan tried not to feel bad as he watched "You said we could each have five his brother eating the ice-cream cone. centavos to spend." He blew his balloon as hard as he could, "Yes," answered Mot.her, "and I am and trie.d to forget about the ice-cream. glad I have one boy that I can trust. Mother 'was waiting on· the µpstairs Now hurry, Juan, and get ready to go porch for the two boys. to the park." "Hurry, Juan and Jose," she called. "But can't I go?" asked Jose. "I have a surprise for you." "I don't know," Mother answered "What is it?" asked the boys. slowly. "I think it would be fair if you "Father is going to take us down ,to . had, to stay at home, don't you?" the swimming pool in the park this after- "Yes," agreed Jose sadly. noon. We'll take our supper along and "I tell you what we'll do," decided have a picnic. Now give me the bread Mother. "As long as you were brave and the can of milk and the change," she enough to tell me what really happened' said, holding out her hand. to the missing money, you may go to the Poor Jose! Slowly he handed Mother park w\th us. But you must promise the change. ,me that y~u'll never again,,take anything "But where is the rest of it?" asked that doesn t belong to you. Mother, looking puzzled. "I promise," said Jose. "And Mother, Jose hung his head. may I use ten centavos of my bank money "1-J- I lost it," he said. to buy J!lan an ice-cream cone?" . "Don't feel so bad " answered Mother "I think that's a fine idea," answered kindly. "You were' care·l~ss to lose the Mother. "I'm glad that I have two money, but even grown-up people are honest boys to take to the park instead carele'ss sometimes." of one." Jose felt worse than ever, because Mother was so kind to him. "I think I'd better tell Mother I spent the other fiye centavos," he decided. So he took a deep breath and then said, "I didn't lose the money, Mother. I bought an ice-cream cane." "I'm sorry you spent.my money, Jose. I don't like boys who take things that do not belong to them. That isn't honest, SOMETHING TO THINK ABOUT I. Did you like this story? Why? 2. What lesson did you learn from this story? 3. What two wrong deeds did Jose do? 4. What good deed did he finally do? 5. Do you thU!k Jose was sorry because (Please turn to page 181.) · MAY, 1941 THE YOUNG CITIZEN READING TIME FOR YOUNG FOLKS THE VERY LITTLE WOMAN By ELSI PARRISH A VERY little woman lived in a very little house in a deep woods. There she baked very little loaves of bread, and swept up very little piles of dust. She looked at the small creatures all about her, the bees, and the crickets, and the birds. She said, "Shoo! I am a very big woman! You must not bother or annoy or ever- contradict me." The bees and the crickets and the birds said, "She is right. She is a very big woman. We must not bother or annoy or ever contradict her." All but the owl. bigger than my whole house in the woods. The king and the queen are giant p'eople. They are very, very big!" When baking day came.she baked some loaves of bread. · "What!" cried the king. "These loaves of bread are very, very small. can eat two in one bite." When cleaning day came, the little old woman swept up some piles of dust. "W·h at I" cried the queen, "The palace will not Be ready for the ball; These piles of dust Are. far too small. Most of it's left "I have lived a long time," said the owl.. "Every day I have gathered wise thoughts. The trunk of this tree is full of the wise thoughts I have ffi If you want to grow big, Each day you must try With all of your might Upon the floor Quite as bad As it was beTo reach up to the slry. fore !11 gathered. I k11ow there are bigger women than this woman. Let her go to the palace a!Jd be the housekeeper. They are looking for one." "Very well," said the very little woman, "I wiil go." So she went to the Palace. The king and queen let her be the housekeeper. "This is a :very big house, "said the very little woman. "Just the store-room is. "0 dear!" said the very little woman, and she began to cry. "The owl was right after all. I know now I am a very little woman, and I lived in a very little house, and I baked very little loaves of bread and I swept up very little piles of dust. What shall I do, queen?" · "Don't cry," said the queen. "I know what you can do. Every morning go out into the gard€n, and reach up and up. 166 THE YOUNG CITIZEN MAY, 1941 Try to touch the sky. · Did you hear? to obeying her? Try to touch the sky. It is a hard task. 9. What reason did he give for thinky ou may not succeed, but in trying you ing there were bigger women than she? will surely grow. Little by little you will 10. Where did he say she had better grow, until you are truly a.big woman," go? she said. 11. What happened then?· "If you want to grow big 12. What kind of house did th~ king Each day you must try and queen live in? With all of .your might 13. Did the little woman realize it was · To reach up to the sky. much bigger than her home? You may not succeed, 14. What happened when she baked But in trying you'll grow, loaves for t_he king? And so, by and by, 15. What did the queen say when the You'll b'ecome big, you know." httle woman swept piles of dust? This the very little woman did. And 16. How did the very little woman after a long, long time she went back to begin to feel then? look at her house in the deep woods. 17. Did she still thinK that her own She t~ied to go inside, but she was much house was very big and that she was a too big to do that. · . very big woman? "Look!" said}he crickets an~ the bees 18. How did the queen comfort the and the birds. She IS a very big woman little woman? now-we must shoof" 19. What did she tell her to do if she "Don't shoo," said the woman, "and wanted to be big? you may bother and annoy and even: 20. Say all of the little poem from contradict me. I am not truly a big memory. woman yet, for see-I cannot quite touch . 21. Did the little woman obey the the sky." queen? 22. What happened when the little QUESTIONS woman went back to her "home? I. Did you like this story? Why? 23. What did the crickets and the bees 2. Where did the very little woman . and the birds say? live? 24. How had the little woman changed ' 3. What did she do in her little house? in her feeling toward the cricket• and the .4. How did she feel toward the crick- bees and the birds? ets and the bees and the birds? (She 25. What did she say? .felt very much above them.) 26. When do you think you would have 5. What did she say they must not liked the little woman better-before she do? went to the palace or after she came 6. Did the crickets and the bees and home? Why? the birds believe her? 27. Do you think it is safe for us to 7. What kind of little creatures do you boast about what we have? Why not? think they were? (They were kind and (It makes other people dislike us. Then, humb.le.) later in life, we may feel sorry because 8. Who was the only one that objected (Please turn to page 182.) 168 THE YOUNG CITIZEN MAY, •.941 Locate the town of Nairobi and Kilimanjaro, the lrigleest mountain in East Africa. as we both started for our little Ford car. We drove down the main road toward the south in the direction. of the hills where the fire was raging. Our attention. was· directed toward the black smoke which became heavier and more threatening. We were out on the plains and the road ,led us along the foothills of Kilimanjaro. The slopes of the mountain are very· fertile and furnish a habitat to every kind of wild -animal which can be found in East Africa. When one is on the slopes of Kilimanjaro, he is, indeed, among the . wild an.imals of East Africa. ' The plains below the mountain slopes are dry and dusty except during the rainy season. When there is rain the rank grass grows to a height of eight or ten feet. During the dry season this grass becomes parched and brown, and burn> ·Jike tinder. . The road which we had to follow went through this high, dry grass. Occasionally: leading from this there was a private road which led to some lonely farm located· in the. foothills of Kilimanjaro. We had <lriven for nearJy an hour when we saw the blaze of,.the fire at the end of a private road.. We turned our auto up· this narrow lane . . When we came to a clearing where the auto was safe, we· parked our car and walked on by foot. We passed a group of gesticulating East African. natives who were all pointing to the fire and talking about it. From that point we could see how the flames were eating their way through the jungle down .toward the plains: The flames had not yet reached the plains, but the distance was not mcire than. a halfmile from the edge of the jungle fire. When the flames reached the tall dry grass, they would spread with terrific speed. · My friend and I. walked.nearer to the jungle and the fire. We could see a long stretch where the fire. was cutting a road into the old forest, but on account of the wind the fire did not spread on our side of the jungle. The fire moved before the wind which swept through a valley down froffi, the mountain. We were lucky to stand at a safe distance from this road of fire. We could see a long bare space be. tween the jungle and the beginning _ of the high plain grass. We decided to remain where we were and watch how the ·fire would ·spring over the bare place to the tall, dry grass. This took quite a little time, as the fire was still some distance in the jungle. · All this. time.wild animals were fleeing in terror at the on-coming fire. Fire is the only common enemy of all .animals.· Elephants had lefi their grazing places on· the higher slopes. Herds of them came rushing from the jungle toward the open plains. They ran across the bare space before us. Their trunks were held high in the air, their ears w.ere extended out straight, and their heavy feet moved rapidly over the ground.· They were escaping from the great jungle fire. African buffaloes, easily distinguished by their broad, heavy horns and great MAY, 1941 ·THE YOUNG CITIZEN dark manes, pawed the earth and ran toward the plains. The African buffalo is noted for bis ferocious. and vindictive spirit, but these characteristics were not in evidence in ihese particular animals, whose only aim was to get into safety fiom the fast approaching blaze. Lions came in groups from their lairs in the jungle. They ra~ for safety with their yellow manes flowing around their great heads, while their tails pointed straight backwards. Terrified females. fol1 owed the· stronger males, their cat-like heads stretehed forwarc;I. I saw a lioness with two cubs in her ni-0uth leap from the jungle; she was much slower than the others, for she had to save her babies. youl)g ones in the nests. Great snakes darted out of the jungle and rushed to safety. We saw eight giant pythons glide into the grass with quick movements of their large bodies. Their short, ugly heads pointed straight forward away from the fire. With a crackling noise and a great roar the fire was ·eating to the edge of the jungle. In less than half an hour it reached the edge. The finai moments of the fire in the jungle were the worst. The remaining rnemb er s of ·the animal wo r Id r u s b e d across the open space in front of us. They had waited until the last minute, and now were coming from al 1 sides. They were the individual animals who had lost their herds and were The darkspotted cousin of the lion, the le 0 par d, was Ele#ants, wit Ii ears exten.ded, ran across tl1e bare also in tfight; he space as they fled from the oncoming /ire. now in the rear guard of the fleeing wild leaped into the grass of the plains. animals. Among these beasts of prey were herds Finally the fire reached the edge of of bucks, antelopes, elands, gazelles, and the jul)gle. Great old thorn trees caught zebras. These animals are always fright- fire almost instantly, and heavy thorn ened at the sight of a leopard or a lion, thickets burned like dried grass. Vines, but today all the East African wild ani- which for years had grown from the ma.ls in that section were frightened alike branches of dead trees and had built at a common enemy from · which they heavy curtains in the jungle,. burned away were fleeing, the jungle fire. in a few minutes. Birds of different kinds flew through The strong webs of enormous poisonthe air, screaming for their .. burning (Plea" turn to page 178.) 170 THE YOUNG CITIZEN ELEMENTARY SCIENCE SECTION PLANT SURVIVORS FROM THE COAL AGE A "Forest"' of Graceful Ferns THERE was a time, ages and ages ago, when ferns were the highest kind of plants that grew. For a long time Nature apparently tried to see how many thousand varieties of mosses and ferns she could make. Most of them have disappeared as higher forms of life crowded them out, but there are still about 4,000 kinds of ferns. Some of them are rock ferns, almost as small as mosses; some arc as big as trees. Away back in the remote period that scientists-geologists-call the Carboniferous Age, the giant tree ferns and their near relatives formed vast forests covering a large part {If the· earth's surface, and it is their remains that make up the bulk of our coal deposits. Most of the ferns of the present time can be· recognized . at a glance by'' their characteristically shaped leaves usually called fronds. fSee the illustration on this page.) Fronds have a single midrib with little leaflets branching off from either side, making the whole frond look like a large, heavy green. feather. This is the plan on which most fern fronds are built, though many are constructed somewhat differently. Fern fr:onJs of l t afJtS be9in as little curled-up balls. Tht)l unroll and spread out in leaf form. MAY, 1941 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 171 · 1n most common ferns each frond grows directly from a creeping stem or rootstock under the ground, and so the plant resembles a bunch of large green feathers stuck into the ground. Usually the fronds are a beautiful bright green, though some are a dark shiny blue green; and they are delicately cut into fine toothed or iobed edges. Most of the ferns live in damp places in woods or ravines. Ferns are widely distributed over the world and are of many different habits of growth. Some are only a flew inches ·high; others have fronds eight or ten feet The fern does not grow from seeds as do the higher plants, but from spores. These spores are very small, dustlike grains, each one a single plant cell;· produced by one of the fronds of the adult fern. The spores are scattered about by the win.d. Fern fronds unroll as they grow. ·. Fern spores, from which ·new ferns grow, are contained in little cases on the under side of the leaves after they have unrolled. After the spores are scattered by the wind, they finally produce new ferns. The term "brake" or "bracken" is apIon g. The tree ferns, chiefly inhabiting tropical countries, tower 20 or 30 feet, and the crowns or leafy portions are immense clusters of fronds, some of which reach a length of 15 feet or more. There are many varieties of ferns of all sizes in the How NEW FROND~ Been: LIF£ plied to the.masses of tall, coarse fern . which grow pro· fusely in meadows in many parts of the world. Ferns have little economic use, though the coarse bracken are.sometimes used for bedding · for animals, and in so me placesHawaii, for example-mattresses Ftrn s{Jorn, from wMch tltW fernt grow, ore ron· taint'd i11 lillle rnses on the under side of the l~afJes. Philippines, and, before the World War, collectors from other countries came to · our islands to collect specimens. Some years ago the writer climbed one of the mountains of N egros with a fern collector from Switzerland.· On that occasion this collector found . two var i.eties of ferns which he said had never been named before. Perhaps the m.ost picturesque of Philip.pine ferns is the large tree fern which is found in the Mountain Province and elsewhere. Any visitor to Baguio will see many fine specimens of tree ferns growing almost wild. are stuffed with them. The root-stock of a New Zealand species is used for food. Bitter root-stocks of ferns are sometimes used for dressing some leathers and as a substitute for hops in brewing beer. . The male-fern is also used at times in medicine. Fern fronds are easily gathered and pressed. To collect ferns of any particular region is a fascinating as well as an instructive pastime. Many excellent books with beautiful illustrations can be obtained to. aid the fern lover in identifying his specimens. Such books may be (Please turn to ·page 182.) 172 THE YOUNG CITIZEN .MAY, 1941 MUSIC APPRECIATION SECTION Ct>sar Franck GREAT COMPOSERS OF MUSIC SECOND SERIES By BERT PAUL OSBON• V. CESAR FRANCK I N t h e organist and choirmaster in one of the dingy' or- great churches of that city. g an 1 oft Years of hard work followed, for he of one of taught music for ten hours a day, and the great also fulfilled his duties as an organist and churches of choirmaster. But he always k,ept some Paris, re- time each day for writing music. m o v e d · He had a long line of music pupils from the who became famous. For these he set an w o r 1 d's exalted ideal. He became the leader of vanities by new, modernistic ideas in French music a steep nar- composition, but his music was always row stair- . clas5ical in des.ign and form. ~ay, Cesar Franck was a vital part of the musical Franck was life of his times, but some mystical qualaccustomed to sit fbr hours before his 'ity in him and the very strength of .his organ. As marvellous improvisations simpLe faith set him above many of his melted from his fingers, those with him brother artists. saw him surrounded, as it were, with a He possessed a nature of great .sweetmusical halo. .ness an,d humility. H e was highly spir. But the organ-loft was not easily ac- itual and was marked by a lofty mys. cessible. Franck was modest and retir- ticism. Great delicacy, precision, and ing, concentrated upon art, not fame-a beauty are shown in his musical comteaching saint. So this gentle soul, the positions, together with exquisite imagigreatest French genius of his century, nation. known as the "little man who teaches He wrote·numerous symphonic pi.eces, music, whose trousers are too short," was chamber music, choral works, and notable condemned to live laboriously in obscur- pieces for piano and organ. Franck ity. But there was no resentment in his quietly produced . music which may be soul. compared with the great.est. Cesar Franck was born in Llege, Bel- H is one symphony, the great D minor gium, in 1822, and received his musical Symphony, has become very much liked, education in the Liege and .Paris con- although his choral work, T he Bea,titude~, servatories of music. He then settled in is generally considered his masterpiece. Paris as a music teacher. He was also In this composition he took .each of the •Formerly of the Department. of M usic Education, School of Education, New York University, New York City, U. S. A. Beatitudes .as spoken in Christ's Sermon on the /..1 aunt, and gavt. it a musical (Please turn to page 182.) THE YOUNG CITIZEN 173 HISTORY SECTION THE FAMOUS ROCK OF GIBRALTAR LIKE a reclining lion dozing in the southern sun, the great rock of Gibraltar looks sleepily across the 12 ·miles of water which · separate this southernmost point of Spain from Ccuta, on the African side of the strait leading into· the Mediterranean. But in case of need this peacefulseeming rock can leap into thunder and flame from powerful cannon which lie hid in mal)y a waterside or rock-hewn battery. Gibraltar for 237 years has been an impregnable fortification o.f Great Britain. During that time it has been a British garrison and crown colony, and is the chief British naval base on the Me di t erranean route to India. Gibraltar with its opposite African cape (where lies the town of Ceuta) was called by the Greeks the "Pillars of' Hercules" and was once thought to be the w,estern limit of . the world. Gibraltar takes its name (Jebel-al-Tarik, "hill of Tarik") from the Mohammedan ·chief who led his troops across the straits in 711 A.O., captured [t, and built a fortress there, and a fortress it has been ever since, a· period of more than 1200 years. The Rock of Gibraltar has been besieged fourteen times, and .scores of naval battfes have resounded in its w•ters. The first Jiege was in 130809; the last in 1779-83. In 1704 it was captured from the Spaniards by the British, and has remained in thei.r possession ever When the famous Ro~k of Gibraltar w a s discovered, or by w-hom, is not known. The The Famous Rock ~I Gibraltar which looms above since. During the tlie narrow western entrance of the Mediterranean Sea. Phoenicians founded the city now called Cadiz which lies beyond the Rock on the Coast of Spain about 1100 years B. C. No doubt the Phoenician sailors first saw the Rock centuries before that time. It has been a familiar object, therefore, more than thirty centuries. During those three thousand years it has belonged to one seagoing nation after another. The Phoenicians, the Carthaginians, the Greeks, the Romans, the Moors, the Spaniards, and the British are chief ·among those. who have claimed it. great siege of 1779-83 the garrison held out against a joint besieging force of French and Spaniards. This is regarded as one of the most memorable sieges of history. Finally in September, 1782, there was a great attack by a fleet especially .equipped with massive wooden armor. Every attacking ship was finally blown up or burnt to the water's edge by cannon-balls heated red horand firetl from the Gibra-ltar batteries. Always a key. point in the mastery of the European seas, its importance looms. again today as rival nations struggle for 174 THE YOUNG CITIZEN MAY, 1941 Tht Rock of Gibraltar has been impregnable for 237 years. . the control of the Mediterranean. Already bombers have blasted at its grim sides. The only .results, so far as the world knows, were resounding echoes across the blue waters that have swept· the base of this mighty rock for ages. What modern defenses the British have there can only be imagined ; what strategy its foes have planned can only be guessed. · The· Rock keeps its secrets. Surrounded b)· mists of .the sea, glorified in the legends of. poets, symbol of permanence and indestructibility, the Rock of Gibraltar has been castle, prison, convent, garden, and fortress. It is one of man's most famous links with the past; it is one of the strategic points, perhaps, around which the future, whatever it will be, will be built. A writer in the New York Times says:• "For this achievement (victory) Hitler must. first obtain complete mastery of the Mediterranean-which Gibraltar alone can give him. Never was G ibraltar so important to a conqueror and its loss so fatally decisive to an imperial possessor." Gibraltar lies at the end of a low, sandy peninsula, about three miles long and half a mile in average width. The ·Rock itself rises to a height of 1,408 feet. Its western side is washed by the Bay of Gibraltar, where at the foot of the Rock lies the city of Gibraltar with a population of about 25,000. Foreigners are not allowed to live in Gibraltar without a special permit from the British authorities, and every effort is made to prevent. the increase of population. A foreigner rriust come with recommendations from known and accredited persons, and. is told how long he can remain. Even in peace time only British subjects may visit the gun galleries. The Rock rises abruptly in an almost Straight wall that faces the north. In this wall of rock long tunnels ar·e cut, one above .another, d ose enough to the face of the rock so ~hat portholes like the windows of a ship enable its defenders, protected in the tunnels, to look out over the sandy plain far below them and fire upon any enemies who might approach the fortress by land. Storming the Rock with troops from the sandy plain would be a dangerous business. From the land. side, military men say the fortress could 'not be taken. T he east side of the Rock rise.s almost perpendicularly out of the water. It is ( Please /urn to page 183.) A Gun Gallery in the Roclt of Gibraltar. MAY, 1941 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 175 WORK AND PLAY SECTION THE MYSTERY OF THE SUSPENDED KNIFE AN am~sing and simple trick that will greatly surprise all th05e who see it performed, unless they know the secret 9f how it is done, is that of the mysterious knife. We. take an ordinary dinner-knife and. place it on the palm of the hand, as then we can offer to do the trick again, removing'the right han_ d away from the wrist and placing it so that the fingers of that hand could not possibly touch the knife. What the audience then sees -is shown in the picture at the top o.f the first illustration on this page, Then while talking about what a wonderful and clever trick' this is (to attract the attention of the audience) and explaining that it is necessary to keep a firm grip on the wrist in order to develop magnetic power, we cleverly turn over ·the hand with the knife apparently suspended without being held, as shown in picture 2. If the trick is car.efully performed, the· spectators will be greatly mystified. 11· •!. ·~ :S1 ; ,I . " '.I . . . , I • ··~ < in ihe lower illustration on this page (second picture). Here is the explanation (shown in the first of the two lower pictures) . The thumb of the right hand holds a second knife close against the left wrist and palm, and this. keeps the first knife in position. Of course, it is more difficult to p~rform this trick than the first one, as there is more chance of the spectators discovering the trick, owing to the difficulty in concealing the second knife. With enough practice, however, it may be done quite easily. ~~1 ---~ How the K11ife ls Suspendrd Th.e explanation is given in picture 3. In turning over the hand with the knife, we quickly stretch out the forefinger 'of the right hand, and hold the knife up with this, while the thumb and other three fingers continue to grip the lefl wrist. Arrother Method of Support We should have one or two knives on the table be. fore us, and should pretend to take some trouble in selecting a good one: "This one," we say, "is not mag· netic enough." -Then we take up another and try it, and so on. T his deceives the If we continue to. talk, to divert the attention of the spectators, and do. not hold up the knife too long at one time, it is quite unlikely that anyone will notice that only three fingers- (lf the right hand are visible. If, however, they do suspect that we are supporting the knife, audience, and distracts their attention, an·d enables us to pick up the second knife to support the other. If desired; flat pieces of wood may be used instead of knives. It is always wise to practice. these tricks a great deal. THE YOUNG CITIZEN MAY, 1941 CARDS THAT TELL ANY NUMBER THOUGHT OF IF we take six small pasteboard cards and copy on. them the six sets of figures shown in the illustration on this pageone set of ·figures to each card-we shall· be able, with the six cards we have made, to tell any riumber that a friend may have thought of. · We ask the friend to think of a number, and then we show our six cards (which should be written on larger pie~es of pasteboard than shown in the illustration). W.e ask the friend to point out on which of these cards the number thought of appears. In a moment we tell him the number, much to his astonishment. The explanation is ve;y simple. We merely add up the figures that appear on the top right-hand corners .of the cards upon which his number appears, and the ·total is the number thought of. Thus, suppose that our friend thought of the number 47. It is on five of these cards. The figures in the top right-hand corners of these are 1, 4, 8, 2, and 32, which added together make 47, the figure thought of. We can guess people's ages in this way, and can get a great deal of fun f~om this simple ·~et of figure cards. · A FILTER THAT A BOY CAN MAKE IT is often necessary to filter our drinking water, especially if we· live in a small town or barrio in some province here in the Philippines where artesian or distilled water is not ·available. There is a very simple form of filter that any boy or girl can make with little trouble. We take any ordinary garden flower-pot. eight or nine inches in diameter at the top, and aft.er thoroughly washing it, we stop the hole with a piece of sponge, 'which must not fit· too tightly. Then we put in ·a layer of charcoal, about two inches deep, an. d above this a layer of clean sand, with a layer of. clean, coarse gravel three inches thick on top. The filter is now quite ready for use. r We place it o1'er a jar of some kind, and let the water. which we want filtered· to run through the various layers in the flower pot. Of course, from time to time the filter must be deaned thoroughly. This is easily done. This is a good filter for a Boy Scout Camp, a picnic, or other outing. Or it may be used in a home remote from pure drinking water. If necessary, the water may be boiled before it is used for drinking water. MAY, 1941 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 11- THE II m@m II P~NTRY II SANDWICHES FOR VACATION PICNICS DURING the vacation pie- of lettuce, salt and pepper, Olive Sandwiches 177 nics are in order. And who a little lemon juice. Place Mash cream cheese very ever heard of a picnic with- the sardines in hot wa\er, fine. Chop olives into very out sandwiches! Here are having first drained away small pieces. Spread the some recipes. all the oil. A few minutes cheese on buttered bread Plain Ham Sandwiches will free the sardines from and sprinkle the chopped Trim the crusts from grease. Pour away. the olives over i"t. thin slices of bread. Butter water and dry the fish in a Salmon ·Sandwiches them and lay between cloth. Then $Crap,e away Use canned salmon, every two some thin slices the skins, and pound the pounded and mixed with a of cold boiled ham. Spread sardines until reduced to a little mayonaise salad dressthe meat with a little mus- pa~te. Add_ pepp_er, salt, ing which can be purchased tar.cl, if desired. an some tmy pieces of at aAy good grocery store. Instead of ham, slices of le_ttuce, i"~d s~re~ ~n h the Season with a dash of cold roast beef or cold roast pieces 0 rea w ic ave cayenne pepper, and spread pork may be used. been previouslY. cut. The the mixture on thin slices lettuce adds very much to of buttere.d bread. Chicken Sandwiches the flavor of the sardines. Mince into small pieces any Or chop the sardines up Swiss· Cheese Sandwiches cold boiled or roasted fine. Squeeze a few drops Cut· Swiss cheese into chicken; put it into a sauce- of lemon-juice into the mix- thin slices. Spread on the pan with gravy, water ?r ture and spread it between slices a little mustard and cream enough to soften it. pieces of buttered bread. place them between thin Add a goodsi~ed piece of Egg Sandwiches slices of buttered br"ead. butter and a pmch of pep- B .1 h d f h Cheese Sandwiches per. Work it very smooth oi ar some res R . d . d. . . . . . . eggs, and when cold cut e quire mgre ients: while it is hea~mg un!!I it them into moderately thin one hard-boiled egg, onelooks almost !ike a paste. slices. Place them between fourth pound of cheese Then spread it on a plate buttered slices of bread cut grated, one-half teaspoonto_ cool. Spread it between thin as possible; season ful of salt, one-half teashces of buttered bread. them with salt and pepper spoonful of pepper, oneSardine Sandwiches and nutmeg. These sand- half teaspoonful of mustard, Required ingredients: 2 wiches are very desirable one tablespoonful of melted cans of sardines, one head 1 for picnic partieS. (Please turn to page 183.) THE YOUNG CITIZEN MAY, 1941 JUNGLE FIRE the grass with the spee.d of glasses we saw hundreds of (Continued from page 169) a d.emon, burning every- smoking remains of animals ous spiders crumbled in the thing. The terrified animals and reptiles scattered over heat, and the spiders were of the jungle were joined by the plain. There lay the killed without mercy, as those of the plains, and they blackened bod.ies .. of elethey had killed helpless in- all .ran for their lives. phants, rhinoc.eroses, lions, sects and birds.· Swarms of Rhinoceroses, using the zebras, and numerous others mosquitoes flew up and be- horns on their noses, cleared of the East African country. came easy prey for the for themselves a free path · But nothing is ever birds. When a .cloud of through the herds of wasted in the jungles ·and smoke covered the tree tops, smaller and weaker animals. plains of East Africa. Soon the small birds were para- Zebras were run down, and flocks of vultures and buzlyzed and dropped into the lions were trampled under zards came to the charred flames which quick 1 y the heavy feet of great plains and started to clean burned them. elephants. The smaller up the dead carcasses of I noticed a scraggly old plainbucks and antelopes those savage animals. Soon "monkey tree" with a were soon killed under the nothing but bare bories peculiar short trunk which hoofs of buffalo herds. would be left to mark the stood at the edge of the Panic had stricken all tragedy of a great jungle plain. The branches animals and ·they' had to fire which I had witnessed. stretched out wide on both run. Should they become sides. Groups of· small tired and drop behind, the monkeys were sitting chat- flames would catch them. tering on the branches It was a terrified, running, looking at the coming fire. screaming, roaring, trumpThis old home of many eting herd of wild animals man.key families became the of East Africa such as a victim of the flames in less person may see only once in than five minutes. The a lifetime. REVIEW !. Name the two most important places mentioned in this story. 2. Read about each in the encyclopedia, and then tell all you remember. 3. Make a list of the screaming, chattering My friend and I were animals named. monkeys jumped and fled. astonished at this gigantic 4. In the encyclopedia After the branches had theater of destruction where read about each one and burned away, the great there had been a green and then teil all you remember. trunk continued to burn like living landscape less than 5. Have you ever seen or a torch. an hour before. Now it read of a forest fire? Tell The fire had burned rap- had become a quiet, black, about it. idly through the jungle, charred place of death. For 6. When and where are although great trees and a long time we stood and green branches and leaves watched the fire run over had slowed its passage the wide; grassy plain. somewhat. When the fire Nothing was left after the re~ched the high dried red horror of the flames grass of the plains, nothing passed. impeded the progress of the After the fire had burned flames. They ran through itself out, through our field forest fires apt to occur in the Philippines? (In the mountains during the dry season..) 7. ·when the wild animals were running from the fire, why did they not attack each other? MAY, 1941 Art Appreciation By MERLA PE.RIQUET" THE YOUNG CITIZEN Vacation Concerts By. EDUARDO PALOPO The Aquarium By JESUSA CORAZON ( 13 YEARS OLD) ( 12 YEARS OLD) (I l YEARS OLD) 179 IN the sixth grade class I LIVE in Baguio. This year I WENT to visit my uncle in which I attend, our teacher in April during ·our vaca- Manila, and he took me to had each of us make an art tion the Manila Symphony see the Aquarium. It was appreciation booklet. In Orchestra gave concerts· in very interesting. There I our booklets we pasted· re- Burnham Park Audi to- saw many different kinds of productions of ten famous rium. One mQrning many fish alive and swimming in paintings. Each month we pupils from different glass tanks. Some of the studied about one painting schools attended a rehears- fish were small and others and the artist. Then in the al of this orchestra. Mr. were large. booklet. we wrote a short Osbon told us about each of The name of each fish story of the painting a·nd a the different instruments in was painted on a sign on the brief biography of the art- the orchestra, and had each tank. Most of these fish I ist. Thus we studied ten player play for us on his had never heard of before. paintings and artists during instrument. Then· the en- There were eels which the year, and each had a tire orchestra played for looked just like snakes. nice booklet made at th.e us. There were sharks also. close of school. I went to two of the con- Some of the fish are of difThe covers for the book- certs. At one of ·these a ferent colors and are very lets were of heavy colored woman played a piano con- beautiful. The angel fish is paper, and were d0 ecorated certo with the orchestra. very pretty. I liked. to see during the art period. A The orchestra also played the bass which in our lansmall print ~fa picture and the Unfinished Symphony guage we call lapu-lapu. the cutout letters, FAMOUS by Schubert. It is called They make very good food. PICTURES, pasted on the the Unfinished Symphony Outdoors under the trees front cover, made the· book- because Schubert wrote were many different kinds lets attractive. only part of it-he never of birds and some animals. Many pupils bought a finished it. I liked very There were parrots, pheaspiece of narrow ribbon with much the "Vienna Blood" ants, .pigeons, and mayas. which to fasten together the Waltz by J ohartn Strauss Among the animals I saw leaves o.f their booklets. which the orchestra also monkeys, a porcupine, alli(Please turn to page 183.) (Please turn to page 183.) (Please turn to page 183.) 180 THE YOUNG CITIZEN MAY, 1941 THE FUNNY PAGE ----i) FOR.G~T T'<r v1~w; Wt41t .. e I )tiOW YQ•j S0"1E ~'~":;::· ,-/ ) ( MAY, 1941 THE YOUNG CITIZEN JOSE'S ICE-CREAM CONE would he probably become? 21. Instead of having Jose (Continued from page 164) 13. Have you ever done and Juan in the play, could he stole the money and told anything like Jose did? you have two girls? a lie to his mother? 14. Were you sorry after- 22. If you used girls in 6. Do you th'ink he was ward? the play, what c~anges happier after he confessed 15. Did you confess your would be necessary? (Only the truth to his mother? fault and promise not to do the names of girls instead 7. Was Jose's mother so again?· of boys. You might call happy when. Jose told her 16. Why should boys and them Josefa and Juana.) the truth? girls be careful to avoid do- 23. What is a·temptation? 8. If you commit a ing such a wrong as Jose 24. Did you ever yield to wrong deed, what should did? a temptation? you do? 17. Could you make a lit- 25. Were you sorry after9. Wh~t kind of boy do tie play from this story? wards? you think Jose was? 18. What are the three 26. What did you do to 10. What ki~d of man important characters?. show you were sorry. would he probably be- 19. Are there any others? 27. Are you afraid to tell come? (Yes, the clerk.) your mother if you do some11. What kind of boy do 20. Do you think ii would I thing wrong? you think Juan was? be a good play to have at 28. Should you feel afraid 12. What kind of' man.school? Why? to tell your mother? ~I Manila ll SWORN STATEMENT (REQUIRED BY ACT 2580) The undersigned, Community Publishers, Inc., owner or publisher of THE YOUNG CITIZEN, published monthly in Manila, Philippines after having been duly sworn· in accordance with law, hereby submits the following statement of ownership, management, etc., as required by Act 2580 of the Philippine Legislature. ' Editorial Director: Jose E. Romero, Editor: Bert Paul Osbon, Publishers: Community Publishers, Inc., Business Manager: E. G. Rosales. Owners or stockholde.rs holding one per cent or more of interest,· stocks, bonds, or other securities: V. G. Sinco, Manilaj Jose E. Romero, Manilaj Manuel Camus, Manila; Nar· ciso Torres, Manila; and Philip Weinstein, Manila. . (Signature) Community Publishers, Inc. (Owner or Publisher) ( Sgd.) E. G. ROSALES Subscribed and sworn to before me this 29th day of Marcil; 1941. [SEAL] (Sgd.) c .. M. PICACHE Notary Public L ..................................................................................................................................................................................... ~~ ................................................................................................... -....... -J THE YOUNG CITIZEN MAY, 1941 VERY LITTLE WOMAN PLANT SURVIVORS CESAR FRANCK (Continued from page 166) (Continued from page 171) (Continued fro111; page 172) we boasted before we had obtained through the book- setting. seen very much of' the stores iri Manila In 1890 Cesar Franck world.). . . Sinoe the Philippines are died in Paris from a neg28. Read this story agam. rich in interesting fern lected injury r.eceived.when Then. answer all of these growth, the ·collecting of a bus struck him. quest10ns. . Philippine varieties would 29. Tell the story to your mak~ an interesting hobby mother or you~ teacher. for any wide-awake Fili- REVIEW QUESTIONS 30 .. Make a little play out pino boy or girl. THE 1. What are the dates of of this story. . YOUNG CITIZEN s.!lggests Cesar Franck's life? 31. Make a hst of the this as a vacation occupa- 2. In wha~ country was most important. characters tion. to the upper-grade boys he born? · you would have 10 the play. and girls of our public 3. Where did he receive 32. What other characters schools. · his musical ·education? could you have? (An owl, a bee, a cricket, a bird.)_ 33. What valuable truth 4. What was his favorite QUESTIONS instrument? can be learned from this 1. What arid when was 5: Where w~s he an organist and ch01rmaster? story? . the Coal .Age? (See the en- 6. Tell of his music }4. ~hat 1s meant ,,by cyclopedia.) pupils. reachmg up. to the sky ? . 2. Tell about ferns of the 7. Tell .of Franck's na35. What 1s meant by .Coal Age. ture? "growing big"? 3. Tell about ferns of the 8. Is this shown in his 36. Think of your life present time. d · h l f music compositions? urmg t e ast ew years; 4. How are "terns prop- 9. What kinds of music then ask yourself: Am I a ated? · . . growing? If you are, in g . did he write? ht ? 5. Canyourecogmzeany 10. How many symw37a Hway of the ferns of the Philip- phonies did he write? . ave you ever . ? . thought yourself bigger. pmes . Name it. . than you really are; that is, 6. What are the fronds 11. What is.a symphony? have you ev.er thought your- of ferns? (See former issues of THE self more important than 7. What do fronds do? YOUNG CITIZEN and the· you really are? (See the illustration on encyclopedia.) 38. What is the meaning page. 170.) 12. What is Franck's of the word conceited? 8. Where are ferns greatest choral work? Tell (Ask your mother, or teach- found in the world? about it. er, or look in the diction- 9. Tell of the sizes of 13. Have you ever heard ary.) different ferns. any of Cesar Franok's com39. Read this story again, 10. Have you ever seen a positions? and think about it. Why tree fern in the Mountain 14. Can you tell more did the Editor put it in THE Province? If so, describe about him? (See the encyYOUNG CITIZEN? it. clopedia.) MAY, 1941 ROCK OF GIBRALTAR (Continued from page 174) THE YOUNG CITIZEN SANDWICHES (Continued from page 177) almost impossible io land butter, one tablespoonful of on the south side. Over the vinegar. bay other portholes yawn Place the yolk in a small fro·m the solid rock, out of bowl and crumble it. Put which huge guns may show- the butter into it and mix er ships with high explo- it smooth with a spoon. sives. Then add the salt, pepper, ART APPRECIATION (Continued from page 179) Our teacher' says that making these booklets h,elps us in our English work, gives us study in art appreciation, and he! ps develop good penmanship. The Rock is of limestone mustard, and cheese, mix- VACATION CONCER_TS and in it are many natural ing each well. Then put in caverns and galleri·es. These the proper thickness. If the (Continued from page 179) caverns are two or three vinegar is not desired, use· played at that concert. miles in 1ength a11d some of cold water instead. Spread At the next concert them are wide enough for the mixture between slices which I attend·ed Mr. A. wagons or other means of of bread. Buenaventura ':as pr:underground transportation sented with a. pnze for his ·with which communication Rock of Gibraltar at the musical. c?m~ositi?n "By can be maintained and sup- western entrance to· the the Hillside' which the plies can be carried from Mediterranean ·sea. · orchestra played. one side of the Rock to 2. Tell the history of the I enjoyed these concerts another. Rock of Gibraltar. very much. Deep down in these cav- 3. What is located at the ems are the perfect "bomb- Rock of Gibraltar? proofs" of the fortress, and THE AQUARIUM (Continued from page 179) in them are stored muni- 4. What nation owns it? tions, food, and other sup- 5 .. Why is it important at gators, lizards, and others. plies sufficient to last for present? When you are in Manila months or even years. 6. Describe the Rock. you should go to see the Through these natural cav- 7. Why has the Rock of Aquarium. It is very inerns and others which have Gibraltar been "an im- teresting and you will learn been cut during the cen- pregnable fortress" for 237 many things when you look turies, soldiers of the gar- years? at it. rison may pass in safety 8 .. Why is this fortress so The place where the from one part of the fortress carefully guarded? Aquarium is located is in~o another. Those who hold 9. Do you think it will teresting, too. It is in a ~t today have learned so~e ever be besieged again? part of the old wall which important lessons from his- Why? was built around Manila tory. l 0. Would you like to see hundreds of years ago. The this famous Rock? glass tanks containing fishREVIEW 11. Read more aliout Gi- es are in the rooms inside of 1. Get a map of Europe, braltar in the encyclopedia; the old wall. Outside are find Spain in the southwest- then tell what you have some of the plants which em pari, and locate the read. grow on!:'( in the tropics. THE YOUNG CITIZEN MAY, 1941 Changing the subject: Here is some good news; I can hardly wait to tell it. Not long ago I received a large registered letter. It will interest you to know what was in it. Guess.· Subscriptions to THE YOUNG CITIZEN you think? No, SOON after our subscribers Or possibly you enjoyed not this time, so guess again. read this Chat, for many a camping trip at some of Well, I'll tell you. The big the school vacation will be the delightful and interest- envelope contained more of over, and they will be get- ing places in the Philip- those· wonderful stories to ting ready for the new pines. Going on a camping be published under the school year 0 with all its pos- trip is a splendid way to heading Among the Wild sibilities and endless oppor- spend a part of one's vaca- Animals of East Africa. tunities. Then you will say, tion. Now I have enough on "How quickly that vacation If you accomplished hand so that there will be passed! It was over in al- many things by a wise use one of these interesting true most no time!" of your time; or · if you stories in every issue of THE Now I want to ask you earned some money by go- YOUNG CITIZEN for the rea question to be ans:.vered ing into a small vacation mainder of this year. Isn't soon: What did you do to business, or if you camped that splendid! make your vacation weeks and hiked, will you please And in J un.e the auworth while? Perhaps you write your Editor about it? thor will tell of A Terrifytried budgeting your time We would like to pass the ing Experience with Wild as a writer in one of the inform~tion along to our Elephants. This young articles for the page of The readers, so they can use it traveler and his friend were What -Are - You - Doing? during the long vacation in in their Ford sedan in East Club suggested. If you did, 1942. "Obey that impulse" Africa when a herd of wild I am sure you accomplished -and write it n~w before elepha~ts surrounded their many thmgs. Anyone who you forget about it. auto and began pushing it makes a wise use of his time .By.the· way, ho~ are you back and forth. At any can always accomplish a lot en1oymg the vacat10n issues moment the car might have of things. of THE YOUNG CITIZEN? been upset and the two ocOr perha~s you had ~n You ~now, most magazmes cu ants trampled to death. eye for busmess and did of this kmd shut up shop Thp . .ll 1 ll h. · d . f d d 1 is true narrat10n w1 e some! mg to e~rn some uring vaca wn an o no ou about their hair-raising money, as a Chmese boy publish vacat10n numbers. Y . , . . writer suggested to our Not so with THE YOUNG experience .. Do.n t miss 11-:readers. I hope you earned CITIZEN. We keep right at remember, it will appear m a neat sum. You could if ittwelvemonthsintheyear. the June iss.ue of .THE you tried. "Where there's For the price of a subscrip- YOUNG C~TIZ_EN. Write us a will, .there's a way," you tion you receive twelve is- how you hke it. Goodbye.know. sues-not only ten. THE EDITOR. l Announcement to All Our Young Readers: . Did you ever do something interesting and worth while? Ban you had an1 experience in doinl' an1 of the following: (1) Collecting Philippine Shella, (2) Huntinc '1'11rt.le1, (S) Ex.ploting a Volcano, (4) Catching Sharks, (6) Making an Aqu•rium, (G) Collecting Postage Stamps: (7) Visiting Famous Churches of the Philippine1, (8) Ila.Icing a Garden, (9) Raising Flowers, (10) Making Candies, (11) Buildine a Sail Boat, (12) Hunting for Wild Animals, (13) Baking Bread or Cakea, (U) Making Articles of Clothinl', (16) Making Articles of Furniture, (16) Visiting the Aquarium. in Manila, (17) Collecting Moths and Butterflies, (18) Collecting Interesting Botanical Specitnen111 (19) Raising Orehide, (20) Visiting Primitive Peoples in the Pbflippinea, or doing many other interesting things. WRITE ABOUT IT IN A SHORT COMPOSITION. Send your composition to Th< Young Citizen. Each month the Editor of The Young. Citiz;,, will publish as man~· of the best compositions as space will permit. If your composition is accepted for publication, you will become a member of The What-Are-You-Doing? Club. The rules for securing membership are simple. OBSERVE THE FOLLOWING RULES: 1. Write about something interesting which you have done, such ao the above titles suggest. Do not write a story which is not true. If your otory is accepted, you are a member of the Club. 2. On your composition write your name and address VERY PLAINLY. 8. State your age. 4.. Tell what you liked best in recent issues of Th• Young Citiz•n. Address all letters to: The What-Are-You-Doing? Club Care of Community Publishers, Inc. Publishers of The Young Citizen P. 0. Box 685. Manila, Philippines 0.,..1.,..•·'"' 1i1 sao lrA.arce\il\Ot JiUGna