The Young Citizen: The Magazine for Young People

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Part of The Young Citizen: The Magazine for Young People

Title: The Young Citizen: The Magazine for Young People
Issue Date: Volume 7 (Issue No. 10) October 1941
Year: 1941
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extracted text: 1-···•••WMWWWWWpmt&iwmMpwMrm I I. Announcement to All Writers: We Will Pay You for writing articles of merit for publication in THE YOUNG CITIZEN. We want interesting children's stories from 200 .to 500 w.ords in length; also games, reading devices, articles of historical interest, elementary science and health articles, puzzles, jokes, and playlets. We also wish to buy several good serial stories. Interesting stories less thari 200 Words in length are desired for Little People. You can add to your income by writing for us. Primary Teachers: We especially desire various kinds of interesting material suitable for First, Second, and Third Grade Pupils. We will pay teachers and others for material which we can use. Each article should be written in clear, easy, correct English, on one side . of the paper, typewritten if possible, or written by hand neatly and legibly. The article should be submitted with a self-addressed stamped envelope, otherwise the publishers will not return it to the writer in case it cannot be used. Address all communications to: The Managing Editor The. YOUNG CITIZEN Care of COMMUNITY PuBLISHERS, INC. P.O. Box 685, Manila, Philippines. 1 9 4 1 • For First Graders Jdei:atifying Things • For Second Graders Letters of the Alphabet • For Third Graders What Should You Do?-Mrs. L. P. Amparado • Stories Kitty Kat Practices his Muioic Les~on-Paniitn Florts . Faithful Keeper . The Pickpocket . Baby Lions in the Jungle What the Boy Wanted The Unjust King . The Jealous· Birds Mr. Boaster T~e Lucky Pin • Poems The Flag Goes By • Character and Citizenship' The HealthY Child-Pr.'/. Panlasigui Faith-Arthur Met' • Elementary Science Mother Kangaroo and her Baby Precious Glittering Pebbles . • Health and Safety Man's Deadliest Foe . • History Egypt, Ancient Cradle of Civilization . • . Music Appreciation MacDowell-Jtt'rt Paul Osbon • Work and Play Desserts . Party Games . . A Pig from a Potato . . . How to Blow a Flame Towards You ·A Few Jokes . . . . . Using Our Time-Alfredo Ybniiez Learning to Cook-Isidra Flores · . Climbing a Mountain-Pe/agio Salado The Funny Page Chats with the Editor . 3'4 346 "' 3S2 3l3 3l4 357 357· 3S7 3S7 357 343 . 342 "' 350 363 365 359 361 367 ·368 36• 369 369 371 371 371 374 376 Published monthly by the COMMUNITY Pt1BLISHEll9, INC., 2664 Herran, Manila, Philippines. Entered as Second Class Mail Matter at the Manila Post Office on May 16,1935. . Editorial Director: Jose E. Romero; Managing Editor: Bert Paul Osbon; Assistant Editor: Max, Sari Juan,' Contributing Editors: Dr./, Panls.sigui and Quirico A. Cru.s,' Staff Artist: Pedro Paguia; Business Manager: Emiliano Garcia Rosales. Subscription Price: P3.00 fo1· one year of 12 issues; $2.00 in the United States and foreign countries. Single copy, 30 centavos. Subscriptions are ~o be paid to COMMUNITY PUBl.ISHER.S, INc. Tl-lE; MAGAZIN!; !=OR YOUNG pi;oPLE; J-12 THE YOUNG CITIZEN THE HEALTHY CHILD He is a healthy child. He is happy because he is healthy. He is strong. OCTOBER, 19 . .p He sleeps well. He eats with pleasure because he has a good appetite. He plays happily. He runs around. He jumps. He climbs trees. He swims. All these he can do because he is strong and healthy. · . He likes to do things besides studying his lessons. He likes to help his mother do her work. Perhaps he washes the dishes, sweeps the floor, and does erran_ds. Perhaps he likes to draw pictures or collect stamps or play some musical instrument or read good stories. Or he likes to have pets. Pei;haps he has a dog. He feeds him. He plays with hiin. They go out for a hike. Or he has chickens to feed. · Or he has a garden to care for. Yes, he likes to do things because he is healthy and strong. A sickly child does not have enough strength to do things. Often he is even lazy. A healthy child has many friends. Everybody likes him. · He enjoys the company of his friends, his dassmates, and people. He talks with them. He laughs with them. He does not get angry easily. He does not want to fight unless fighting is necessary. He does not quarrel. He loves everybody. He does not worry. He studies his lessons as well as he can. He does his work without complaint. If his les- · son or work is difficult for him, he does not fret. He just tries to find some way to make it easy. Of course he enjoys working. He is a healthy child. . He is strong. He enjoys working. He likes to do things just for the sake of doing them. He is friendly to everybody. He is happy. . A healthy child is a happy child. -DR. I. PANLASIGUI -0cTOBER, 1941 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 343 A POEM FOR TH'IS MONTH THE FLAG GOES BY HATS OFF! . Along the street there comes A !?laze of bugles, a ruffle of drums, A ·flash of color beneath the sky; Hats off! The flag is passing by. Blue, white, crimson, and gold it shines, Over the steel-tipped ordered lines; Hats off! The colors before us fly; But more than the flag is passing by; Days of plenty and days of peace; March.of a_ nation's swift increase; Equal Justice, right, and law, Stately honor and reverend awe. Sign of a nation, vigorous,_ strong, - · Willing to fight against foreign wrong; Pride aqd glory and· honor, - all Live in the colors to stand or fall. H;ats off! Along the street there comes A blaze of bugles, a ruffle of drum·s; And ·1oyal hearts are beating high; Hats off! The flag is passing by. ~Adapted. 344 THE YOUNG CITIZEN FOR FIRST GRADERS IDENTIFYING THINGS Underline the right words. Which have horns? dog cow carabao deer Which have feathers? bat cock chick ant Which have long necks? heron flask giraffe turtle OCTOBER, 1941 OCTOBER, 1941 THE YOUNG CITIZEN FOR FIRST GRADERS IDENTIFYING THINGS Underline the right. words. Which have wings? cat kite - fly fish Which have four legs? elephant table. lamb owl Which lay eggs? bear parrot mouse turkey 34~ THE .YOUNG CITIZEN OCTOBER, 1941 FOR SECOND GRADERS LETTERS OF THE ALPHABET Write the name in the blank. 0 A ~ ANT B ~ BREAD ~ CAT c ~~..,.-.\. --.. --..,, CAKE D &_ DRUM. DUCK E EGG. - ELEPHANT F F·ISH FLOWER OCTOBER, 19-f.I THE YOUNG CITIZEN FOR SECOND GRADERS LE'n"ERS OF "THE ALPHABET Write the name in the blank. -~·-o .. ~ .. H HOUSE '~ ~T I INOIAN D JAR r K KEY 1---·-·------ - - - - I ~ L LEAF -~ <J HEN . ICE. KETTLE ~ LA~B 3+7 THE .YOUNG CITIZEN OCTOBER, 19-1-1 FOR THIRD GRADERS = D WHAT SHOULD YOU DO?* By MRS. L. P. AMPARADO ·, ,· I. Admit Your Fault Y6u accidentally damaged your mother's b.ook. .You are afraid she will be angty. Should .you fell her somebody else did it? Should you tell her you did it but did not mean to do it? Should you tell her you did not see anybody do it? II. Tell the Truth You· want to go to a barrio with some elassmates. You are afraid your mother will not let you go. · Should you tell yo'ur mother your teacher wishes you to go? Should you tell her a neighbor wishes you to go on an errand? : Should you tell her ybu want to go? • Parents and teachers will find these useful as lessons in character training. OCTOBER, 19 . .p THE YOUNG CITIZEN 3~9 FOR THIRD GRADERS WHAT SHOULD YOU DO? By MRS. L. P. AMPARADO • *Teacher, Balaogan Public School, Bula, Camarines Sur. III. Return Articles Found You foun.d a knife on your way to school. It is a nice knife, and you wish to keep it. · Should you ke~p it and say nothing about it? Should you. sell it to a classmate who wants it? Should you gb:e it tn your teacher, so she canfind the owner? IV. Obey Your Parents Your mother has sent you to a store and has told you to hurry. You want to play with some friends on the way. Should you stop and play? Should you hurry to the store, get what your mother wants, take it to her, and then play? Should you be angry because your mother sent you on an errand? · 350 THE YOUNG CITIZEN OCTOBER, 1941 MOTHER KANGAROO AND HER BABY / . . WHEN a baby kangaroo is born it is no longer than your finger, but it has signs of a head and a tail. Mother Kangaroo puts her baby into a skin pocket on her body. Here it stays for some time. In this pocket it feecfs on its mother's milk. In a few months· it grows big enough to run beside her, but it goes back· to this skin pocket to be fed arid to rest. It is strange that Mother Kangaroo has such a small baby. But kangaroos live. in very warm places in Australia where it is hard to fine! water. It would be hard for Mother Kangaroo to carry a large . baby very far in her hunt for water. Mother Kangaroo can sit up neatly on her two hind legs and her long, fat tail as if on a three-legged stool. From a broad base, her body tapers upward in a very odd way to narrow sloping_ shoulders and a small, deer-like head. Her full bright eyes glance about and her rabbit-ears stand erect, listening. Sometimes Mother Kangaroo drops on all fours and eats like a rabbit, hopping about on her hind legs. When she wants to go somewhere she doesn't waste t_ ime in walking. She just stretche~ up on her hind legs and leaps. No wonder Mother Kangaroo can jump so far and so high. The kangaroo is a queer animal. OCTOBER, 1941 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 351 LITTLE STORIES FOR LITTLE PEOPLE KITTY KAT PRACTICES HIS MUSIC LESSON ADAPTED BY PANCITA FLORES "DOLORES! DOLORES!" called Mother. "It's time to get up and do your practicing before breakfast." Dolores l'retended she didn't hear: It was more fun to lie in bed than to practice her piano lesson. So she just rolled over and snuggled her head deeper into th~ pillow .. · In a minute Dolores heard a strange sound. It sounded like tiny feet pattering over the keys of the piano. Quickly she jumped out of bed, got into her slippers and dress, and tip-toed. into the room where the piano was. What do you suppose she saw? Little Kitty Kat, .her kitten, walking on the piano keys. His eyes 'were dancing with excitement. His tail switched. First he put one paw down carefully. Then he stopped and pricked up his ears ·and listened. Then he tried it again. Every step that he took, he played another key. Kitty Kat was Pl!ZZled. He turned his head this way and that, but he could not find out where the ·music came from. Suddenly Kitty Kat scrambled right up on the music rack! There he sat, his plumy tail curled round his paws, and purred. and purred. Then-0 dear I-he tried to turn around. He slipped and tumhled. CRASH! BANG! THUMP! He fell right onto the piano keys. It made a terrible. noise. Poor little Kitty Kat was very frightened. One leap and he was on the floor, scampering away to safety behind a big chest. Mother hurried to the door. "What's the matter?" she asked. Dolores, as soon as she could · stop laughing, told her. Mother laughed, too, adding with a 'twinkle in her eyes: "Well, Kitty.Kat, .you've done your practicing: Now you can have your breakfast. Come." Kitty Kat crawled out from his hidingplace and scampered after her. Dolores looked very surprised. Then she went to the piano, and in no time was hard at work on her practicing. Before ll!ng Mother called Dolores to breakfast. While Dolores ate her 'toast ~nd drank her orange juice, what do you suppose little Kitty Kat did? Well, he sat on the window sill ·.and washed his face· all nice and clean, using his little pink paw for a wash cloth. SOME QUESTIONS · I. Why did the mother of Dolores want her to get up? (Please turn to page 370.) 352 THE YOUNG CITIZEN OCTOBER, 1941 FAITHFUL KEEPER nurse, or even a grocery clerk in his long tunic or grocer's apron. And more than once the children's father had to pay for some of the damage that Keeper caused. In faci, the neighbors began to hate "that horrid dog." And then one sad day their father came home looking very serious indeed. . He had been told by the police ihat his dog was dangerous and he must get rid of him. "Get rid of our Keeper!" cried the KEEPER was a lovely creature-a large, child~en in astonishment. Such a thing light brown, affectionate dog. He lived was not to be thought of. But their father · at the big house of Mr. Torres where was firm. Keeper must go. there were five boys and one little girl The boys said it was a shame. -Poor to admire and pet him. Although. Keeper Jittle .Juana didr't say very much. She loved. all the children, he loved best of crept quietly' away to her room, threw all the youngest of the family, little herself down on her bed, and cried as Juana. And how Juana loved Keeper! though her heari would break. Keeper would take Juana .to school in ·Keeper found her there, and she put the morning, and when it was time for her arms around his neck, and told him her to leave, he would go and bring her again and again how much she loved him, home again. When there was a holiday_ and how she would never, never forget. he was by her all day long, whether she h"im, not if she lived to be a hundred was in the house, or the garden, or the years old. street, or playing across the street at the In the evening, after the children were home of her friend N emesia. Wherever in bed, someone came and got Keeper, Juana went Keeper went- too. and took him to a. neighboring town Juana's big brothers sometimes teased thirty kilometers away. Juana cried Keeper in a friendly way. If any one again when she knew next day that annoyed them they would say, "Go on, Keeper had really gone, and the boys ·Keeper I" and Keeper would bound off, found life very strange without their old barking loudly and behaving. in a very friend . . terrifying way. But with the children One morning, about a week later, when Juana went out on the front porch before Keeper was gentle' and quiet;,Ietting them breakfast, whom do you think she found play with him as much as they liked, sitting on the porch? There was Keeper! and not even murmuring when Juana put Somehow or other-no one will ever ·a dress on him I know how-he had found hi~ way home; But Keeper cou_ld be very fierce. He he had walked from the town thirty kilohatcd anyone who wqrc a uniform of any meters away, back to the big house where kind, be it policeman; or postman, or (Please turn to page 370.) OCTOBER, 1941 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 353 READING TIME FOR Y0UNG . FOLKS THE PICKPOCKET "Is this bus going to the city?" "Yes, ma'am. Hurry in!" A little old lady in a dress of old but expensive material got in, and sat down by the side of a poor, shabbily dressed woman with a baby in her arms. The old lady was scarcely seated when the bus started off with a jerk, and the little old lady was flung violently against her neighbor, the poor woman with the baby. "Oh, I hope I have not hurt the baby," the old lady ·said. And. there was such real concern in. her voice that the mother of the baby smiled as she answered : "No, you have not hurt her." "She's a dear 1 i ttl e thing," said the old woman, bending forw.ard. "How old is she?" "Ten months," replied the mother. '"No, she doesn't look to be ten months old. She's been sick, and that has kept her from growing." "Poor little baby," said the old lady. "And there is a bandage on her arm. What is the matter with her arm?" "I don't know," answered the mother. "I'm taking her tci the hospital to find out." - "My! My! I hope it is nothing serious. I am getting off the bus here. Goodbye." And she started to get down. "Stop! Stop!" shouted a man from the back seat of the bus. "Lady," _he said to the woman with the baby, "have you lost anything? Ask that old lady who is getting off what her hand was doing in ·your bag a moment ago." The old lady stopped and blushed. "My pocketbook! It's gone!" exclaimed the woman with the baby. "Your pocketbook is in your. lap," said a man sitting beside her. "So it is," said the woman, . as she opened her pocketbook and looked in· side. Then she said slowly, "The old lady ~~···iij has not taken denomination. ·anything out; she has put something in/" And she held up a new bank bill of large REVIEW QUESTIONS l. Did this story surprise you when you read it? 2. Were you surprised when the man said the old lady's hand was in the passenger's hand bag? 3. Did you think the old· lady was a thief? 4: Why had she put her hand into the bag? 354 THE YOUNG CITIZEN OCTOBER, 1941 AMONG THE Wll.D ANIMALS OF EAST AFRICA True Storitr Related by a Young TrOtJeler X. BABY LIONS IN THE JUNGLE MY FRIEND AND I were sitting on the porch of the little resthouse at Kamande in the Belgian Congo. We had just finished our breakfast and .were talking with the proprieior. He had spent most of his life in the interior of Africa, and was very familiar with the jungle, and he understood very well, indeed, the life and habits of the wild animals of the jungle. You ·had only to mention the kind of animal you wished to see, and he could lead you to it. During the previous evening we had been talking about th..e various kinds of. animals we had seen, and had remarked that we had never seen a lioness with her family of small cubs. The proprieior told us that we had come at just the right time to see a family of baby lions w_ ith their mother, for just a few days before he had come upon a female lion with her five cubs. Naturally we were extremely interested to hear this, and w~ asked if it would be safe for us to go to see this family of baby lions. · We were told that it would not be safe for us to go without· a guide, because we did not know the country. Many a hunter had been attacked and killed without warning by a lioness when the hunter had come too close to the cubs. However, if we wished to see this lioness and her cubs, the proprietor of the resthouse said he would gt> with us. So we looked forward to this adventure with keen interest. Accordingly, next morning arrangements were made for the trip. "Jango nakuenta safai·i; feta Wataia, Kombe itu'' our friend called out in the native dialect, which meant that he was going on a short safari and wanted his two native boys, Wataia and Kambe, to go with him. "Nido, bwana" (Yes, sir), answered ·the boys, and in a few moments the two boys with their .shields aqd spears were waiting. at the entrance of the porch. In the meantime my friend and I ·dressed in clothing suitable for the safari. We put on long, heavy leather boots to protect our legs from snake bites. On our heads we wore sun-helmets, for although it was still early in the morning, the trop-ical sun was extremely hot. .Wataia, the head boy, lead the way ~long a path to the jungle. Following him was our friend, the proprietor, armed with a heavy rifle. My companion and I followed, and Kambe brought up the rear. The narrow path led through a swamp. ·· On each side of the path, great bunches of green moss hung from the branches of the trees. The path was through heavy swamp grass, which, combined with the large roots from the trees, made walking most difficult. The swamp was the habitat of numerous snakes, lizards, and small reptiles. Every few minutes Wataia .would strike at ~ne with his long spear. Usually the reptile would quickly disappear in the underbrush. Most of the snakes in AfriOCTOBER, 194 I THE YOUNG CITIZEN 355 ca are poisonous, but they seldom attack unless compelled to do so. Frequently they are found asleep, coiled up in the sun.· The coloring of these snakes. is so much like the grass that it is very hard to see them, and many times the hunter steps on one. When thus disturbed, the snake will always bite at once. The African natives are seldom bitten by a snake, for they have an unusual sense of smell, and can smell a snake when it is several antelopes, wilde-beasts (species of deer), giraffes, and numerous smaller animals all peacefully grazing on that vast grassy land. • Our friend who was guiding us now took the lead. He told us that in the region nearby were many lions, for· they usually live close to the grazing plains of their prey. Once · we came within fifty feet .of a herd of giraffes. They were feeding on Lioness o~J Cubs yards away. We walked for some distance along the path through the swamp. Finally our path lead out into an open space. At one side was beautiful Lake Albert, and on the other side was the great African plain. It is here, on this great open plain, that the grass-eating African animals are found in great herds. As we stood there on the edge of the plain we. could see through our field glasses many zebras, the leaves in the high branches of a thorn tree. A small baby giraffe was suckling its mother. Suddenly th~ baby giraffe looked toward us, for apparently it had gotten. our scent. The little animal made a dash to the other side of its mother. This seemed to be a warning to the rest, and they all turned and looked at us. Then they began to run away from us at a great speed. {t is said that a giraffe can run as fast as forty miles an hour, and it THE YOUNG CITIZEN 0CT081R, 1941 looked as if these giraffes were running that fast as we watched them disappear. (See the picture on this page.) Our guide led us around a small curve and then down over a steep hill. Then he stopped and waited until we all came near, "Don't speak," he said. "Be very quiet and walk carefully." Slowly we mo~ed up through the high grass until we reached the top of the mother to lie down on each other to sleep. They must have been only a few weeks old. It was a beautiful picture to see the femaie of ihe king of the jungle with her .family of five cubs Iying there peacefully in the shade, resting in the security of her mighty strength. Quietly we went down to the foot of the hill.· Wataia, our native boy, with a smile all over his face, looked at us and said, "Simba· kidogi mingi sana, bwana." (The lions are very · small, sir.) "Yes·; now bring us some food," replied our guide. other hill. ·our guide motioned for us to come near. at the same time pointing straight ahead of him. Sure enough, just ahead of us, not more than fifty feet away, lay ·an old lioness, stretched out in the tall grass, with five little ii 0 n cubs playing about her. We stood there motionless and did not even dare to take a picture for fear the click of the camera might arouse lier, and we knew that if she were. aroused by Compare tht ht i9ht of a man and a 9iraf/t . So we all sat down i.n the shade ·of a large thorn tree and drank tea which had been kept hot in a thermos jug, and ate sandwiches which our boys had brought. Our guide told us that he had found these baby lions in the jungle only a few d~ys beour presence she would attack us. The cubs seemed to be very hungry. They were constantly trying to push their mother into a position so that they could . suckle milk from her. Presently she lay on one side, and the cubs plunged at her ravenously, pawing with all four feet as they suckled the milk from their mother. In a few moments their small stomachs bulged out like small balloons .. , One by one they walked a. few feet from their fore. This was the first time he had ever brought any one wi~h him to see them. bnd so we returned to the resthouse at Kamande, knowing that we had seen a sight which very few travelers get to see. REVIEW · I. Can you find Belgian Congo on a map ot' Africa? 2. Can you name ten different wild animals of East Africa? OcTOBBR, 1941 THE YOUNG GITIZEN FIVE LITTLE STORIES . WHAT THE BOY WANTED tractive about her." A MAN was visiting at a home where a • "You are right," said the crow. "And littie boy lived. The ·man•was ·pleased · as for her song, I cannot for the life of with the boy's brightness and goad be- me see anything special about it." havior, so he gave him a dollar. "I will tell you why I am a favorite," "Is it a good coin?" asked the boy. said the plain bird. "Neither my feathers When he was told that it was a good coin nor my song in itself is the cause, but I and not a counterfeit piece of money, he make music when other birds like you exclaimed, "Oh, I'd much rather have a two do not sing-you just make noise." bad one." - The plain bird was right. And you and "Why do you prefer a bad coin?" asked I can learn a lesson from it. Always the visitor. • have a cheerful song or word for every"Well, you see. if it is a ·bad one, I one, and you will be well liked. would be allowed to keep it, but if it is good, it will ·have to go into my moneybank." THE UNJUST KING A KING, noted for his tyranny and unjust deeds, cast a certain poor but wise man into prison. Later on, in a fit of anger, he ordered the man to be put to death. When· he told the prisoner what ·was to be his fate, the prisoner replied: "In acting thus unjustly, you do yourself far more injury than you do harm to me." "How is that?" asked the king, whose curiosity had got the better of his temper. ''Well," replied the prisoner, "the pain· of t.his punishment will affect me only a moment, but you will have it pressing on your conscience and tormenting you forever." · The king was so impressed with the ·prisoner's remark, that he changed his order and set the prisoner free. THE JEALOUS BIRDS "WHY is that plain little bird such a favorite?" said the parrot to the crow. "Look how colorless her feathers are · compared to mine. There is nothing atMR. BOASTER, "WHAT a wonderful fellow Mr. Boaster is I" said a pony to another pony. "He Bas th:e finest figure of any race horse in the country; he can leap the highest fences and jump a river, and he has won the largest prizes that have been offered for years." "How do you know all this?" "Why, Mr. Boaster told me so himself." "Ah!" replied the other. "When you hear an account like this about any one from an enemy, believe it all; when from a friend, believe half; but when yo.u hear it from the person himself, believe none of it." THE LUCKY PIN· A FAMOUS Frenchman once said he owed his start in life to a simple incident. When he was a boy, he applied for a position as a messenger boy in a bank, and was refused. Crossing the floor on leaving, he noticed a pin on the floor. He stooped, picked it up, and fixed it in ·his coat. The incident was noticed by the president of the bank, who offered him the position he wanted. THE YOUNG CITIZEN OCTOBER., 1941 Cff.ARACTER AND CITIZENSHIP SECTION FAITH By ARTHUR MEE PESSIMISM is despair ; the pessimist is the man who looks out on the world without hope, seeing gloom in everything, and believing the worst. ·We should guard ourselves against this always, because nothing is more certain than that the world moves on toward good. The world has always laughed at the dreamers who make things come true. In every age there are those who dream and those who laugh, and when the · age has passed away another age comes on. It is true that when the world looks back it puts up monuments to those' who dreamed and laughs at those who laughed. Let them laugh! Think of the men who would not believe. Now we mock those men of the past who would not believe things beyond their little undersianding. We should not say that dreams will not come true. Shakespeal"e did not believe in .the telephone, but he did not laugh at the thought of it, for he believed that there are "more things in heaven and in earth than are dreamed of" by the wisest men alive. Nobody believed in flying by airplane for a long time. Wherever we look, whatever we think of, the pessimist is there. He is without faith. The truth .is that the world is too wonderful to believe. The things we see about us are h~rd to believe. It is hard to believe that man has done the things he has done; of course, ·it is hard to believe. There are many things that are hard. to believe. There are many things beyond our understanding, but we know the. way we came, we know the way we go, and the rock on which our .feet are set is not to be laughed into dust. Let them laugh who will, but as for us, let us believe-let us have faith. Lei us have faith in our country. Let us believe that our country is developing into · a great country. Let us have faith in the ability of those who are at the .head of our government; let us have faith in the people of our country. But we must remember that "faith without works is dead." If we have faith in our country and her people, if we believe that ours will, in time, be a great country, we must do everything we can to bring that about. Once you have faith, you must think, and strive, and work with might and main so that your faith will not be dead; do not have faith without works. The Bible is full of promises which encourage faith. Perhaps the greatest of these is found in the Gospel of Saint Matthew in which is found the oft(Pltase turn lo po9t 370.) atrip--of country hei&ulllld in liy ;Af ,abiaq: hills on the eqt and the !llWQotains on the west, and nryJ,l'i{~ from 2 to 120 mi'les. Ilg ~ banks pf the Nile you will .the 11ld*.st monuments in the world; them are great temples, the Pyrallld the Sphinx. And now let us ~amer at Cairo and voyage up the 111 read the story, going back 6,000 ~ years, that its tom\ia and monubave to tell. Now here else in the we find so compll:te a history rogress for 10 long a time. Nile valley was the chief uadle earliest civilization. The hot drift36o THE YOUNG CITIZEN OCTOBIR, 1941 -we find these mysterious people of the dawn of history irrigating their fields of flax and· wheat, weaving beautiful linen ·cloth, and making pottery, though their only tools were of stone and bone, and their only houses were mud huts. Going back to 4000 B. C.-six thousand years ago-we find that the Egyptian had learned the use of metals .. And four tho4sand years ago Egypt was an ancient empire with 1,400 years of known history! It is withi.11 only the last hundred years that_ we have learned of the world's oldest history-the history of Egypt, ancient cradle of civilization. Men of science have discovered th is by d i g g i n g in · the sarids and uncover- ing the burial pits of four, five, o"r six thousand years ago. things; for their mummies are so perfectly preserved by embalming that we can even see how their faces appeared. Some 350 miles south of Cairo was born King Menes, who lived about 3400 B. C. And we know that in.4241 B. C. -the first event in history to whiCh we can give an exact date-the early Egyptians invented a yearly calendar with 12 months of 30 days each, and five . feast days at the end to make out the full 365 days. This was· very much like the calendar we are ·still using. Here, in these ancient historical ruins, we can look on brick-walled tombs, one of wliich may _ be that of King Menes himself. Ivory and ebony tablets and inscribed jewels tell of the deeds of these earliest kings. Tombs of later dates continue the story .. They show us how the ancient The Grtat Hall at Kar,,d Now let us go back down the Nile to the royal city of Memphis, Egyptians learned to matte paper from the papyrus plant, how they developed their own picture writing into alphabetic writing, how they learned to mold brick~, cut stone, and carve statue_ s. And not only do we find their paintings, t_heir pottery, their jewels, their tools, their wooden chairs, and their papyrus boo~s, but we ev.en find the bodies of the men who made and used these about 12· miles south of Cairo. This city, once 12 miles in ci-rcuit, was destroyed by the Arabs in the 7th.century, and the sun-dried bricks of which it was built have long since crumbled into dust. All that remains are a few· blocks of granite, sculptured fragments, .and rubbish heaps. The city of the living has vanished, but not so the city of -the dead. The colossal (Please return to pa9t 372.) OCTOBER, 1941 THE YOUNG CITIZEN MUSIC APPRECIATION SECTION GREAT COMPOSERS OF MUSIC SECOND SERIES By BERT PAUL OSBON X. MACDOWELL MACDOWELL Famous A mt'ricon Composer ON December 18, 1861, there was bQrn in New York City a baby destined to become in manhood the g r e a t e s t. of American composers. His · name was Edward MacDowell. Edward was just like any boy. He showed that he liked music when he was a little boy, but not · more so than children often do. When he . was eight years old he began to take piano lessons. Edward disliked the drudgery of practicing scales and exercises, and much preferred to amuse himself by improvising. He was fond, too, of drawing with a pencil; covering his music books with little sketches that really did show the skill of a born artist. He continued his piano lessons until · he was fifteen years old. In this year, I 876, it was decided that the boy should go to Europe to study music in the great music school known as the Paris Conservatory. · Accompanied by his mother, he went to France. The young American could speak only English. In order to study at the Paris Conservatory it was necessary · to know. French. Soon, therefore, after his arrivai in Paris, a teacher was engaged to teach Edward the new language. During one of these lessons, Edward amused . himself by drawing a picture of his teacher who had a very large nose. The teacher discovered the drawing, and was about to scold Edward severely for wasting his time, when he saw the sketch was really very cleverly drawn. So he asked his pupil if he might keep it, and later he showed it to a famous painter. The painter was so impressed with the evidence of talent" shown in the sketch that he begged Mrs. MacDowell to let him give her son a three years' course of free instruction. Mrs. MacDowell wisely let Edward decide for himself whether he would become a painter of pi~tures or a musician. He decided to go on with his music study at the Conservatory. He studied music for some years at the Paris Conservatory, and then went to Germany to study music some more. You surely would like to know how Edward MacDowe.11 looked when he was a _ young man. He had keen and very blues eyes, a fine pink and. white complexion, and a reddish mustache whil'h contrasted with his jet black hair. Everybody thought him a very handsome young man . . · For several years MacDowell co.ntinued his residence in Europe, studying and teaching. In 1882 he visited at Weimar the most famous pianist and composer of piano music in Europe, the great Franz Liszt. (See the article about Liszt in THE YOUNG CITIZEN for February, 362 THE YOUNG CITIZEN OCTOBER, 1941 1941.) The young American composer popular among persons of widely differshowed the master a piano concerto he ing musical tastes. had written, and he felt much encouraged "An overwhelmingly cceative person, when Liszt praised it highly. this Edward MacDowell," says a music Two years later MacDowell returned critic, "for MacDowell planned gardens, to America, living first in Boston and then designed buildings, decorated rooms, in New York. He be.came widely known made photographs, and painted pictures, as a composer and a planist. The music besides playing the piano like an angel department of Columbia University in and composing music that placed him New Y:ork City, in which he became a high in the ranks of American comprofessor of music, owed much to the posers.'1 · teaching of this handsome, exuberant In 1904 his mind gave way, and Mrs. genius, whose courses in the history of MacDowell led him, gentle and docile, music and music appreciation gave under- to the home in Peterboro, New Hampgraduates a live . interest in what had shire, where they had spent many happy hitherto been a dead subject. summers. He became as a child, and Edward MacDowell was the first so died peacefully on January 23, 1908. emil)ent musician the United States pro- But young creative artists rise up and duced. He was a poet and nature-lover. caH h,im blessed, for -his house in PeterThe delicacy and feeling'which charac- boro, due to the efforts of Mrs. Macterize his music show how keen was his Dowell, is ihrown open to them in the reaction to beauty· in" every form. No summer, just as its owner's radiant percomposer ever loved the great, glorious. ·sonality was thrown open to them during out-of-doors more than MacDowell. In the. summer of his life. his piano pieces called Woodland Sketches and New England Idylls he translated into music the charm of the fields and woods he so dearly loved. Be sure to hear some one play on the piano or the phonograph To a Wild Rose, To a Water-Lily, and .Prom an Indian Lodge. He loved the sea, too, and in his Sea Pieces he pictured most wonderfully the surge and depth and majesty of the ocean. MacDowell's lasting significance . as a composer lies in his sensitiveness and originality. He was highly gifted in his ability to depict mood in his music. In melody, rhythm, and harmony, he displayed unusual freshness, and his sense of musical form was unfailing. He composed music for orchestra, for piano, and for voice. His Woodland Sketches and his Sea Pieces have made him deservedly REVIEW I. Give the dates of Edward MacDowell's life. 2. What was MacDowell fond of doing when he was a little boy? What did this show? 3. How old was he when he first took piano lessons? 4. Where did he go to study music when he was fifteen years old? At what famous school of music did he study? 5. To what country did he go afterwards 'to study more music? 6. Who· was Liszt? Can you name some of his well-known works? 7. Tell something about MacDowell's musical compositions. 8. For what is MacDowell noted as a musician? OCTOBER, 1941 THE YOUNG CITIZEN ELEMENTARY SCIENCE SECTION PRECIOUS GLITTERING PEBBLES IN THE INDIA of a few centuries ago, princes filled tl).eir treasur.e chambers with precious glittering pebbles, almost by the bucketful. Many of these price- . less jewels-such as the pearl scarf of the Maharajah of Indore, worth perhap·s P6,000,000-have descended through dyna!ties of Hindu rajahs to the native princes of today. Although· India is famous beyond all other countries for its superb collections of jewels, gems and precious stones have hardness. The best rubies-which are l!Sually a pure carmine red-come from Burmah, Thailanll, and Ceylon, all near neighbors of the Philippines. Large rubies are very rare, and specimens weighing three or four carats are worth from two to five times as m.uch as diamonds of the saine size. Two of the largest· rubies known, belonging to a native prince in India, are each worth a fortune; it is said one weighs nearly 51 carats and the other nearly 18 carats. A fine variety of garnets is found in Australia, South Afri·ca, and the western United States; they are sometimes mistaken for rubies. The pretty bright blue sapp.hires, which are found mainly in Burmah, Thailand, Ceylon, and India, are v11lued chiefly for quaiiiy rather than size, a'ithough one specimen was found which weighed 951 carats. Iri the state of Montana are found a considerable been valued highly in all lands and ages. They are ranked according to color, luster, hardness, durability, and rarity. Diamonds, rubies, sapphires, emeralds; topazes, garnets, and chrysoberyl rank first in value. In the second class are turquoise, tourmaline; opal, agate, jasper, Chinese jade, and onyx; in the third class are the less precious but still ornamental stones such as lapis lazuli and moonstone. Other jeweliy substances are the costly pearls Cu! Stt with Precious · number of sapphires, nearly Stones all of which are used for bearand less valuable coral, derived from animals; and amber, a fossil resin of vegetable origin. The sparkling diamond, the "king of gems,'"which is·pure crystallized carbon, is ·the hardest of the pr.ecious stones. It has been estimated that there are less than 47,000,000 carats of cut and . polished diamonds in existence, and thai these altogether would weigh only ten and onefourth tons. Rubies and sapphires rank next for ings in watches and delicate instruments. The beautiful deep green emerald is the same material as beryl, which varies from blue to light green and yellow. Flawless emeralds are rar.ely found, and rank · with the diamond in value. The modern supply comes for the most part from Colombia in South America. The ancient supply came chiefly from Upper Egypt, · where mines are still worked. Some specimens are of great size; one found in the Ural Mountains weighed si~ THE .YOUNG CITIZEN OCTOBER, 1941 and three-fourths pounds. pearl oyster. The trade in gems, cut and· uncut, both The· topaz is a translucent gem of a mounted and unmounted, is enormous. yellow color, although sometime.s pale In New York City alone there are more blue, green, brown, or white. The finest than PS00,000,000 worth of cut gems, topazes come from Brazil or Ceylon. The while the total value of precious stones in garnet, usually red, but ~ometimes hr.own, France before the Se~ond World War yellow, green, or black, is found in Bohewas about two billion pesos. . mia, Ceylon, Peru, and Brazil. Chryslmitation gems have been made since oberyl is a bright, very hard, rare stone the earliest times. The usual basis is a of yellow, brown, and light green. Turkind of hard, clear, and brilliant glass quoise, a hard greenish-blue stone, is ·called "paste." Immense quantities of found mostly in Persia. Opals are b.JuM!h, these "paste" gems are made in large black, or yellowish-white, with a beaufactories to• be used as cheap jewelry. tiful play of brilliant colors. The finest Rubies and sapphires are now· manufac- come from Hungary. Common opals are tured in the electric furnace. These white, yellow, green, red, arid brown, synthetic stones, a' without any play of they are called, have , e"r RT H 0 A Y. S,T 0 NE s· color. Jade is 4 hard nearly all the actual Th• follow;na "' 11,hbi.ihda.u "'"" and ""'' green stone much qualities of the nat- · i•PP'"'' "•••ft<o•"'· · prized in Oriental ~~i:~t :s1~~a~~e J";,~~' .. f~~~~~.·<Hifif!~~'"' ~~~~:~~1/0~r:~~~~~ Cr Of these Synthetic ·i~ry~·· :~~:!!iiiaft'.. · · .Hralth and long life a purp)e StOflC1 is stones. · ~:::ie'.!itier: :-~h~~~~l;:e·. ·.. ~:li_~'fdness found in. Brazil, CeyGt!rn cutting 3.nd g:~°::h~·:_:i~~~=!~~~:.::···· Ion, and elsewhere. engraving-the lap- Many super~titious idary's art-has been beliefs are attached to practiced from very ancient times. Great the wearing o( certain precious stones: numbers of precious and semi-precious The turquoise is supposed fo bring prosstones have been found in Mesopotamia perity; the emerald is thought to bring cut into cylindrical form and· bearing . success in love; by some the opal is said engraved figures. When rolled over the to bring bad luck; and so on. soft clay of writing tablets, these cylinders There is a greup of stones known as left the design in relief to serve as a per- birthday stones. You should have a list sonal seal. This art was developed to a of birthday stones and their supposed high degree of perfection by the ancients significa11ce. Of course, this is only ari as early as 3000 B. C. Seals. engraved old superstition, but anyWay, it·is a pretty with the sacred beetles, called scarabs, belief, especially . .when choosing a stone were .in use in Egypt by the same time. as a birthday gift. You will find the list Pearls are very highly prized. These on this page. beautiful gems of white, pink, black, etc. are the secretions of the living mem- ANSWER THESE branes of various kinds of shellfish. The I. Where is India? pearls of commerce come chiefly from the (Pleate turn to page 375.) OCTOBER, 1941 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 365 HEALTH AND SAFETY SECTION MAN'S .DEADLIEST FOE Ir you told a .about us-soil, air and water, plants and savage who animals-is filled with millions of inwas ill from visible living' beirigs called micro-organtyphoid fever isms, from the Greek word mikros meanthat the cause ing small. These may be of the vegetable of his suffer- type, called bacteria, or of. the animal in g was a type, called protozoa. The great majorc re at u re so ity of these creatures are not harmful to s ma 11 that man, even aiding him in many useful · Choler; Germs I .0 , 0 0 0 of ways. them put end But others start a work of destruction to end woul. d be less than an inch long, as soon as they enter the human body, in he would probably tefl you that you were the air ·breathed into the ·lungs thru the not speaking the truth. "Don't I know," nose, with the food we eat, or through he- would say, "that an evil pores ·Or cuts in the skin. spirit has brought this upon These are disease germs. In me?" ordinary medical sp.eech they ·No magician or' witch- are all grouped together as doctor ever thought of a crea- bacteria. They are divided ture half so startling as a in to baccili (rod-shaped), microbe, a form of life so cocci (round), and spirilla small that it cannot be seen (corkscrew sh~ped) . The by the unaided eye, yet it · term "microbe" is a popular claims more victims than all name for all bacteria. wars, fires, floods, earthquakes, Germs of Bubonic P/agut The existence of microorganisms has been known for a long time, but · it was not until the middle of the 19th century that their and other deadly agencies put together. Most diseases, we now know, are due to the presence in the tiody of exceedingly tiny vegetable or animal organisms which produce poisons that attack the sysiem. These poisons interfere with the funcactivity in producing disease was es tab Ii shed. tions of the body, cripple or destroy its And scientists various organs, bring about decay, and often death. This is believed to apply to nearly all diseases in men, beasts, and even trees and plants, although the germs of some diseases have not yet eeen discovered. We must remember that the world all have isolated, one by one, the bacteria of bloo·d-poisoning,.erysipelas, cholera, typhoid fever, Germs of Typhoid Fever THE YOUNG CITIZEN OCTOBER, 1941 bubonic· plague, pneumonia, meningitis, blood-poisoning and erysipelas. In many influenza, yellow fever, diphtheria, teta- of the so-called contagious diseases, like nus (lock-jaw), tuberculosis, leprosy, diphtheria, germs may be transferred by w~ooping cough, and a score of other clothing or anything which has come in diseases. personal contac't with one who .has the Among the principal ailments which disease. have been traced definitely to animal ·Perhaps the most amazing of all "these organisms (protozoas) are malaria, discoveries was that many deadly germs. amoebic dysenter-y, sleeping sickness, and enter the body through the bite of insects." others. Malaria and yellow fever, for example, Disease germs do their deadly work are carried entirely by certain types o( by forming poisons or "toxins" in the mosquitoes. Sleeping sickness--found in _system. The symptoms of a disease depend Africa-is carried from a person by acerupon the 11J1ture of these poisons, and tain kind of fly. Bubonic plague-often the positions in the body occupied by the present in China-is transferred·to human germs which generate them. Some germs beings by fleas which have bitten diseased remain in the.blood stream, which carries rats. Typhus fever, which scourged some their poisons to all parts of the system. of the war-ridden countries of Europe so Others seek out specia,l organs like the terribly during the first World War, is lungs, the stomach, the liver, the intes- carried by body lice. tines, and the effects of their poisons are While the danger from germs of all felt most powerfully -in these localities. kinds must be carefully considered by Certain toxins, like those of hydrophobia, · persons who wish to avoid disease, this attack principally the nerves, spinal danger should not be exaggerated. Not chord, or brain. every disease germ which enters the "Probably the greatest benefit resulting human body actually causes trouble. In from the discovery of the ge.rm theory t11e blood and tissues of all healthy perwas the fact that it solved most of the sons there is a tendency to resist and demystery of how diseases spread. By study- stroy unwelcome germs. Many persons ing the habits of the germs,_ scientists dis- are immune to certain diseases;· the germs covered how they grow, how they travel can get no foothold in them. It is when from place to place, and how they enter the body is allowed to weaken through the human body. They learned that few bad habits, overwork, improper food, indisease germs can live long in the open sufficient exercise, etc., that microbes find aif and sunlight, but that many thrive, themselves able to launch their deadly like the typhoid bacillus, in impure water work. and milk, or like cholera germs, in various There are three ways of fighting the kinds of food which have been exposed diseases caused by germs: ( 1) by the gento infection. It was found also that the er al destruction of the germs; (2) by meat of diseased animals often carries preventing them from enterin"g the human bacteria. body; (3) by overcoming their evil effects The entrance of many other microbes after thO¥ have made their way in. The has been traced to .cuts and scratches in first of these methods is usually carried the skin; this is true of the micro-cocci of (Please turn to page 373.) OCTOBER, 19..i.1 THE YOUNG CITIZEN DESSERTS So MUCH pleasure and sat- then add, while the rice is cupful of caramel. Serve isfaction are derived from hot, butter, sugar, eggs well cold, with whipped cream. a good meal tastefully pre- beaten, nutmeg, a little salt, To make the caramel: pared a I) d attractively one glass of wine, raisins, Take two cupfuls of white served that we should never currants, citron, and cream sugar and one-half of a omit that priceless ingre- or condensed milk. Mix cupful of water. Put it on dient: interest in cooking well. Then pour into a. but- a hot fire in· a. frying-pan, and serving. Of all the arts tered dish and bake an hour and stir constantly until it known to mankind none is in a moderate oven. burns a dark brown color so universally and so gen- Ice C;eam and beco~es liquid. Reuinely app_r.eciated as the Ingredients: one quart of move from the fire and add art of cooking. And a· good milk or condensed milk one-half large cupful of di_nner should be topped off diluted; 2 tablespoonfuls of boiling .w~ter. . Set away with a good dessert. ('>. num- cornstarch; 2 cups of sugar; wh~n c?ol m a Jar for use. ber of excellennec1pes for vanilla flavoring to taste. .i:h1s will keep for weeks. desserts have been selected · Put the milk on to boil Lemon Pie for the readers Tli~ Young dissolve the co~nstarch i~ N ceded: one lemon, Citizen Pantry. two tablespoonfuls of cold grated; one and one-half Rice P11dding milk, and stir it into the tablespoonfuls of co r ilN eeded ingredients: one boiling milk. Cook five starch; three-fourths of. a teacupful of rice; 3 table- minutes, strain, add sugar, cupful of sugar; butter the spoonfuls of butter; 5 table- ·flavor to taste .. When per- si~e of an egg; one cupful spoonfuls of sugar; one fectly cold, freeze in an of hot water; the yolks of 2 quart of cream or evapo- ice cream freezer. This is eggs. rated milk; one glass of an excellent recipe that Cook in a double boiler. wine; 5 eggs; one teaspoon- never fails · Let it cool a little, and put ful of ground nutmeg; salt; · in the egg. yolks last, after one-fourth o( a pound of Gammel Custard the other ingredients are raisins; one-fourth of a Needed: One quart of well cooked. To prepare pound of dried currants; milk (fresh or diluted con- the lemon, grate off the outone-fourth of a pound of densed milk), the yolks of side, taking care to get only citron cut in strips. 2 eggs, one cupful of white the yellow (the white is bitWash the rice and boil it sugar, 2 tablespoonfuls of ter), and then squeeze out in two teacupfuls of water; corn starch, one-half large (Pltau turn to page 370.) THE YOUNG CITIZEN OCTOBER, 19.,.1 WORK AND PLAY SECTION PARTY GAMES THE NEXT TIME you· have a party use some of the following games. They are all good ones. The. first one listed is called charades. Charades The players are divided into groups of four or five persons in each group. The first group leaves the room,. decides upon a word to act out, returns and acts out the first sylfable, then the· second,. then tine third, and finally the ·whole word. The other players· must guess the word from the actions. If the word is not guessed, the same team enacts a second word. Otherwis.e, the group guessing the word just acted selects a word for their group and acts it out. The words chosen should be of three or more syllables, such as the following: Penmanship ............ Pen; man; ship Masqtierade ............ Mass;. cur, aid Pilgrimage ............... Pill; grim; age Woodpecker ......... : .. Wood; peck; err Microscope ............... My; crow; s·cope · IXfinite ........................ Deaf; inn; it Decorate ..................... "Deck; or; ate -Tree, Flowe1·, or Bird The players ar.e seated In a circle. The Leader, in the middle, says, "Tree, flower, or bird-Flower!" Then he points to a player arid begins to count. The player must name a flower before the leader counts ten. If he fails, he pays a forfeit or falls out of the game. The Leader varies the fifth word by saying "Tree, flower, or bird-Bird!' or "Flower; bird, or tree !-Tree!" _He should vary the order as 111uch as. possible, or he may have other words. · Who Am I! One player leaves the room. The others ·select a character he is to represent, The character may be real or imaginary, past, present, or future. He returns, and asks of each player, "Who am I?" He is permitted no other question, but he is allowed three guesses, such as: "Am I President Quezon?" "Am I George Washington?" "Am I Shirley Temple?" He is permitted ten minutes in which to guess his identity. Then another. player is made the Victim. All the answers must be truthful; but should be as· misleading as possible. For instance, if George Washington wer.e the character chosen, the answers might be something like this: "You survey the field well," or "You believed in being first," or "You were the father of many." The first answer refers to Washington being a surveyor, the second refers to him as the first president of the United State.s, arid the last refers to him as the father of his country. Where Am I? A player leav-es the room. The others decide where he is, and what he is supposed to be doing. Returning, he may ask any question which may be answered by "Yes" or "No." He must guess the· answer within ten minutes. Suppose the sentence chosen as to where the player is and what he is doing ·is thus: "You are hanging from a hook in the ceiling of thi~ room playing a saxophone," the questions and answers might be: Q. Am I at this party? A. Yes. Q. Am I sitting down? A. No: Q. Am I flying? A. No. OcTORER, 19.p THE YOUNG CITIZEN A PIG FROM A POTATO HOW TO BLOW A FLAME TOWARDS YOU WITHOUT an Y WHEN you blow upon a candle-flame it difficulty Y 0 u goes away from you, but you can surcan make a pig prise all your friends by telling them out of a potato, that you will blow the flame towards.you. a.n d there b Y Of course, tell your audience that you cause a good will not draw the breath in, but the blowdeal of amuse- ing will be at the flame. • ment. Place your mouth on a level witli the · In ch~osing a potato for the purpose, candle-flame and a few inches from it, take one which- is not too large, some- 'and then betw~en your mouth and the ·what elongated, and smooth. Scrub it . flame hold an ordinary postcard. Blow clean. Twist a small piece of wire and hard, and at once the flame will come attach it for a tail. Into the other end towards you as though it were being stick two black-headed pins for eyes. bfown from the other side. Draw the mouth and nose with black ink. The explanation is that, when you Now. make the ears. These are cut out blow, your breath strikes the surface of of paper or thin cardboard, and inse~ted the postcard with such force that it glides into little slits cut in the potato with a off the card to the.left and. right, ·ancl.,js ~har.p p'enknife. All that is necessary · carried around behind the candle, wiJh now· is to insert four w'ooden iriatches for the result that it does ac.tually blow .Jlle legs, the match heads being used for feet. flame from behind in your direction . .If you want to make your pig very No practice is.required in performing .attractive, you can tie a piece of ribbon this· experiment; it is quite simple .. Bµt around his body, and he will look quite the effect upon your friends will really ready for a party. be quite astonishing. A FEW JOKES EMBARRASSING MOMENT GETTING EVEN .";Are.you going to the lecture tonight?" "Yes." "I advise you to stay away. 1.t is sure to be boring." · "l ain afraid I can't get out of going. You see, I'm the lecturer." . Father : Son, when George Washington was your age he was a surveyor. Son: Yes, dad, but when he was your age he was president. QUESTIONABLE GOOD ANSWER A man was undergoing an examination A Boy Scout was taking First Class in a doctor's office. "Could you affor.d to First Aid and was asked to name the steps pay for an operation if I decide it's necin saving a man from drowning. He . essary ?" asked the physician.· replied : First take the man out of the "Well, doctor, tell me this : Would you water; arid then take the water out of ihe decide one was necessary if I couldn't man. pay for it?" 370 THE YOUNG CITIZEN OCTOBER, I 9.p FAITHFUL KEEPER FAITH KITTY KAT (Continued from page 352) (Cr.mti11utd from page 358) (Ccm,inutd from page 351) Juana and the boys lived. repeated words of Jesus in 2. What did Dolores do His feet were sore and which He said, "For verily when she was called? bleeding, and he was very, I say unto you, If ye have 3. Was that the right very dusty and thirsty. His faith as a grain of mustard way to do? Why not?. eyes had ·"a pleading look" seed, ye shall say unto this • 4. What sound did Doas Juana's mother .truly mountain, Remove hence to lores hear? said. • yonder place; and it shall 5." What did she do? "He shall never go away remove: and nothing shall 6. What did. she see? again," said Juana's father. be impossible unto you." 7. Wha! did Kitty Kat The boys cheered, and as Saint Luke quotes Jesus do at first? for little J u.ana, never be- as saying, "H ye had faith 8. What did Kitty Kat fore in her life had she been as a grain of mustard seed, seem to think of the sounds so happy. ye might say unto this syca- made by the keys? . Keeper was delighted to mine tree; Be thou .plucked 9. Where did he sit? see everyone ~gain, espe- up by the root, and he thou 10. Then what happened? ciallylittleJuana. Back and planted in the sea; and it---------forth he wagged his old should obey you.'1 . DESSERTS tail, and lifted up one of his Let us remember that (Continued fr•m P•u• 367) poor sore paws, and !\eked without faith, we can do the juice. Bake the pie crust Juana's hand to show how nothing; that wiih faith, all first, and then add the lemon pleased he was. things are possible. filling. Keep the whites of Juana and Keeper were FAITH the eggs for the meringue. 1,>Teater friends than ever Say not the struggle nttught Whip up the whites stiff, aHer that, and even the availeth, add a little pulverized sugneighbors, when they heard Say not that labor is in ar, and then spread it on top the story of the dog's devo- vain; of the pie. Put in the oven tion and faithfulness, said, Say not the enemy ne'er for a few minutes. · "We won't complain about faileth, Pie Crust him any more!" And as things are they Use.three cupfuls of flour And so little Juana and must remain. (sifted) to which has been the boys again had their For while the tired waves, added two teaspoonfuls of friend and companion, vainly breaking, baking powder, one tea· faithful Keeper.. Seem here not e'en an spoonful of salt, two cupinch to gain, fuls of lard, and one cupful SOME QUESTIONS Far back, through creeks of water. Roll to the proper ·1. Do you like dog and inlets making, thickness and bake quickly. stories? Comes silent, flooding 2. Did you like this one? in, the main. Why? And not by eastern win3. Do you think Keeper dows only, was really a dangerous ani- When daylight comes, tilal? comes in the light, In front, the sun climbs slow, how ·slowly, But westward, look, the land is bright. -Selected. OCTOBER, 1941 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 371 Using Our Time By ALFREDO YBAl'tEZ Leaming to Cook By ISIDRA FLOR£~ Climbing a Mountain By PELAGIO SALCEDO (16-YEARS OLD) (13 YEAR.$ OLD) (15 YEARS.OLD) ONCE I react a sentence in a I AM a girl thirteen years EACH vacation I go with book: "Time i; m.oney." I old, and I like to cook. my parents to our summer didn't understand the mean- Mother says it is very im- cottage in the mountains ing of the sentence. "How portant that every .girl near Baguio.. My brother can time be m0ney ?" I said. should learn to cook, even and I like to roam around "Time is just time-minutes if she expects to have many among the pine trees and and hours and days. Money servants .in her "home. climb the steep mountain is metal that. a ·person can My friends ask me how ascents. ·buy things with." So I ·went I learned to cook. I will Once we went on a campto my teacher. "What does write to the members of The ing trip. There were four this mean: Time is money?" What - Are - You - Doing? of us boys-two of my My teacher explained to me Club and tell them how I friends and my brother and that it means that time is learned. I. All the other boys are valuable, and if I do the. First, I learned every- older than I am. Our parright things in my time, I thing I could in our classes ents took us by auto to a can earn much money. in cooking at school. Our good camping site. We "Always use your time so teacher taught us many pitched a small tent in it will be valuable and don't things about cooking. She which we slept. waste it," said the teacher, did not teach us about fancy On the evening of our and I have never forgotten cooking, but she taught first ·day in camp, we decidher words. about plain, healthy, clean- ed to climb a mountain the Sometimes at school I see ly cooking. Mother say~ next day. So we got up earmy classmates sitting doing that is very important. ly the following morning nothing. They are not ·even We have a good cook at and started out. There was thinking of anything which our home, and she has still a great deal of fog, and is of any use. And I say to taught me how to cook the trail was wet and slipmyself "For them time is many Filipino dishes, and pery .. We did not rush; but not money. They are wast- also the American way of climbed by slow, easy stages. ing their time." preparing some kinds of Between climbs we rested I know a boy who is al- food. Mother encourages for a short time. ways doing something me to learn as much as I We saw some very pictur(Please lurtr lo page 375.) (Please tur1i lo page 375.) (Plrase t11rn lo page 375.)· 372 THE YOUNG CITIZEN EGYPT build it? Of that we are not contains the greatest colon( Continued from page 360) certain. naded hall ever erected. pyramids still stapd which Near by stands the great The columns of its central dwellers of Memphis built Sphinx, that riddle of the aisle are 69 feet high, and to protectthe bodies of their ages whose meaning ·we so large that 100 children kings. If we could go in have only just learned. Now could stand on ·the top of an airplane above the place we know that the great each. Nearby stand sculpwhere the city of Memphis Sphinx was the. portrait tured figures cut from a once stood, we could see a head of the king attached single block 80 or 90 feet line of these great pyramids to the body of a lion. ' high. . Sculptures in reextending more than 60 Around the pyramids. of lief tell of the different miles along the Nile. Each the kings stand small tomb5 wars in Asia. Hi;re for the pyramid marks the last rest- of the nobles. Each pyramid first time we find the horse ing place Qf one of the had its temples, and the· represented in sculpture, pharaohs (rulers) of the tombs of the nobles had and we are able to tell about Pyramid Age, which con- their chapels. In these are when it began to be used in tinued from ·about 3000 to found "pyramid texts"- Egypt. · 2500 B. C. The lonely prayers and incantations At Thebes bodies of anchamber, hidden deep with- supposed io heJp the dead cient Egyptian kings and in each of these piles, once over the dangers of their queens are placed. Some of housed a royal mummy, long journey through the their tombs, lunneled into decorated with jewelS' and lower world. Later genera- the rocks for a quarter of a costly clothing. tions prepared a collection mile, remained unopened The oldest pyramid was of these charms on long almost to our own day, and erected about 3000 B. C. papyrus rolls-some of many of them have been left This earliest "pyramid" them 90 feet long-and just as they were discovered. was really a series o.f flat many copies of this have Through guarded doors you tomb structures,. built one been·found buried with the may pass through chambers on the top of the other, in dead. The name "Book of and corridors to the central diminishing sizes, but it the Dead" has been given to tomb chamber, where the suggested the pyramid this collection of religious mummy lies in his sarcophform. texts. agus, surrounded by furA hundred years later the About 400 miles from niture and jewelry. The Great Pyramid was erected Cairo is the plain of ceiling is painted with stars, in the cemetery of Gizeb Thebes. The modern center and the walls are covered opposite Cairo. This mass of the plain is Luxor, with with pictures and hieroof masonry covers 13 acres, its double row of columns glyphic,writing that ~ells of each side being 755 feet along the Nile, its hotels, the dead king's deeds. long and nearly 500 feet and the Arab village. To One of the most sensahigh. It contains 2, 300, 000 the nortlieast. lies Karnak. tional excavations was made blocks of lime-stone, each This tangle of vast temples in 1905 when the tomb and of great weight.. A Greek built by various. pharaohs is temple of a famous Egyphistorian tells us that it took approached from the Nile tian queen was dug out of 100,000 ·men 20 yea.rs to by a broad avenue of ram- the sands. She was the first build it. But how did they headed sphinxes. Karnak woman of history, living OCTOBER, 1941 THE YOUNG CITIZEN. 373 about 1500 B. C. In the DEADLIEST FOE we know? wall paintings of the dainty (Continued from page 366) 2. Why can we, not see little temple one may read on by sanitation, which these organisms with the her whole story fro!J\ birth. strives to do away with the eye? How many of them, Before the Egyptian· em- breeding places of germs by placed end to end, would be pire fell, it flared up in a disposing of sewage and less than an inch long? blaze of glory·under Remes- garbage, by keeping water 3. Do savages believe in es II, the most famous of the supplies free from contam- germs?. What do they think pharaohs. For a long dis- ination, and so on. The sec- causes diseases? tance along the Nile the ond method is carried out 4. Are all micro-organname of Remeses II ap- by keeping the body clean, isms harmful to man? Can pears upon almost every by using disinfectants in you name some that are not? building. He was the great- wounds, by the proper care · 5. What are bacteria? est builder qf all the rulers of the mouth, nose, throat, Name the two general of Egypt, but he put in- by boiling drinking water groups of bacteria accqrdscriptions upon many build- or using pure water, by ing to shape. ings erected by his ancestors. fumigating sick rooms,. etc. 6. Name as many disRameses II reigned for The last method includes eases as you can that are 67 years, from about 1292 the whole field_ of curative caused by bacteria. to 1225 B. C., waging long medicine and surgery, with 7. What product do wars in Asi~ which restored particular emphasis on vac- germs form that is poisonmuch of Egypt's lost pres- cine and serum .treatments, ous to the system? What is tige there. He may have and the use of certain drugs. the meaning of "taxin"? been the pharaoh who so Despite all that has been 8. How many germs, or grievously oppressed the Is- done to solve the problems microbes enter our system? raelites, as we read in the of medicine since the dis- 9. Is ~very disease germ Bible. covery .of dise~se ger~ns, that enters the human body But now the time came there still rem ams an 1m- actually harmful? when Egypt was to be the mense field for the scientist 10. What are the three conquered country instead to explore. .Almost every ways of fighting diseases of the conqueror. Egypt month a microscope,, fo- caused by germs? was subdued by the As- cused on a spot no .bigger 11. Is the man who dies syrians in the 7th century than the head .of a P.m, un- for his country on the batB. c. and by the Persians in covers some hfe-savmg se- tlefield a greater hero than the 6th. It remained a Per- cret, and the world knows the man who labors painssian province until 332 B. no greater heroes than the takingly in a laboratory in C., when Alexander the men who devote their lives an effort to conquer man's Great seized it. Under the in ·obscure laboratories to deadly foes, the germs? descendants of Alexander it the battle against man's 12.· Do scientists know was ruled as an independent deadliest foe--the microbe. everything possible about country. The city of Alex- · - - - disease germs?. andria became the greatest REVIEW QUESTIONS 13. What are disinfectcommercial port on the I. What living things ants? (Pleawturn to page 375.) cause most of the diseases 14. Aretheyuseful?Why? . THE YOUNG CITIZEN 0C'l'ORBR, i94t OCTOBER, 19-i-1 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 375 EGYPT USING TIME LEARNING TO COOK (Cuntinued from page 273) (Cu11ti11ued from page 371) (CrJntinued from page 371) Mediterranean Sea, and which is valuable. During can from our cook. SomeEgyptian fleets ruled the school hours· he studies. times my mother teaches seas from the Indian Ocean During the study period he me iA the kitch~n, because to the Hellespo~t. Alex- prepares lessons. During mother can cook very well. andria became the literary the activity period he plays I find the cook book is and scientific capital of the games or takes part in some very good. ·We have three world as well as the most physical activity which will different cook books .. famous city of. that time, it develop his body, and make I also get good recipes in also became the commercial him strong and healthy. THE YOUNG CITIZEN. ·I center. The ruins of ancient Even at night, his mother like to cook some of the food Alexan.dria lie far below the tells me, he uses his time for which the recipes are remains of t'he modern city wisely, because he goes to given on the page for Tlie Alexandria. • bed at an.early hour, .opens Young Citizen Pantry. I After the. reign of the his windows wide, . and made six different kinds of famous Cleopatra, Egypt sleeps soundly. I surely be- candy from recipes printed became a Roman province. lieve that for this boy in THE YOUNG CITIZEN. During the early centuries "Time is money," indeed. of the Christian era Alex- My father savs that he CLIMBING A MOUNTAIN andria was the world's.chief would like to be~ boy again, '(Co,.tinued from 'age. 371). center of learning and so he could use his time to esquewater falls. They were Christianity. But Egypt fell better advantag:. "But now small, but attractive. I phoan easy prey to the Saracen it is too late" he says. tographed some with my conquest in 641 A.O., and "And" he c~ntinues "I kodak, but the pictures were since thattime Mohammed- hope 'my son will us; his not .good when the films . ailism has ruled in the land time more wisely." were developed. · of ~he pharaohs. Six c~n- So, let us all try to use About noon we reach~d tunes later the last remains our tiine wisely and re- the top of the mountain of ancient Egyptian civi- member that' TIME 18 which we had planne~ to lization and greatness dis- MONEY. • climb. My brother had a appeared under the despotic small Filipino flag in his rule of Circassian slaves GLITTERING PEBBLES knapsack. When we reached who had been brought in as (Continu•d from '°9' 364). the top of the mountain soldiers and who overthrew 2. Name some precious we cut a small flag pole, and . the gove~nment in 240 A. D. stones you know. Which is hoisted the colors on it. Early in the .16th century the most valuable? About three in the the Turks ende~ this gov- 3. Do you know why a afternoon w~ started down ernment, but failed to sub- .diamond is used for cutting the mo.untain. We were due the provincial gover- glass? tired and our feet ached, nor.s, who kept Egypt in • but we were anxious to get confusion for 300 years. and tribute to Turkey endec:I to our home before dark, so They wc:xe conquered by in 1914. Egypt is now un- we pushed on rapidly. We Napoleon in 1798. British der British control with a arrived at our camp sight occupation began in 1882, ·native king. just 'IS it was getting dark. THE YOUNG CITIZEN OcTORt::R, 19.p sist young Filipinos to acquire a satisfactory use· of the world's greatest and most widely used language -English. I receive numerous . contributions for THE YOUNG CITIZEN in which there 'are many mistakes in English. If these writers. had mastered . . the use of Basic English, IN my Chat last month llwords will for all purposes h ld·b bl · told you it is possible to take the place of every other t ey lwou. h e a fe to wrote h 11 k. d · h 1 · art1c es wit very ew errors ave an exce ent wor mg wor m t e anguage. . h . E ]' h · Th knowledge of English by "It was designed .to give 111 t eu ng is · at mastering the use of 850 everyone a second, or inter- would be. a .very great. asset English words.'.._if they are na.tional language which to them ; II 1s .a splendid acthe right words. English takes as little of the learner's co"'.'phshment to be al>le to scholars in two of the great- time as possibl~, and which write .well and correctly 111 est univer.sities in the world gives him all the .ne'cessary what is probably the great-Cambridge University in apparatus of language for est language of the world England and . Harvard everyday purposes.. . It is toda.y. University in the United a quick and smooth step in English is considered a States-have chosen this list learning nor·mal English .. . difficult language to master. of 850 English words and in the shortest possihle time But by a careful study of have developed a system of with the greatest possible Basic English, a foundation instruction in the use of reward for worl( done." of the language-with a these words. They call it We are told that one can good working knowledge of Basic English. acquire . an excellent work- it-may be acquired within Here 'is what some of the ing knowledge of correct two years. We hope that autborities in . En~lish of English withi.n two y~ars by many of the schools of · the Harvard Un1vers11y say means of Basic English. Philippines w i 11 be" i 11 about Basic English. I have It is not surprising that teaching Basic En~lish~ their written stateme.~t be- your Editor is an enthusi~st Perhaps you wc:'uld like fore ~e .. They say: Basic for Basic English. Y?u will to know just what those 850 Engl~sh 1s ~ form of Eng- ~ear more ab~ut Basic Eng- words of Basic. English are. hsh m which 850 words, hsh m later issues of THE W h 11 . 1 bl' h with certain additions for YOUNG CITIZEN, and we e s a. certam Y pub is f · ·11 d · · · the list m a later nwn er o special purposes, w1 o shall, from to time, prmt C A d the work of 20,000. It is some stories and articles in THE YOUNG ITIZEN. n possible in Basic English to which only words of Basic not only .that-w.~ are go· give an account of the senses English' will be used. In mg W begin~ Basic English of all the other words in the that way THE YOUNG CIT!· Section startmg with the is. language. That is not to say ZEN will be doing even sue of January, 19+2. Good· that this small number of more than in the past to as- bye.-THE EDITOR. Announcement to All Our Young Readers: Did you ever do something interesting and worth while? Have you had any experience in doing any of the following: ( 1) Collecting Philippine Shells, (2) Hunting Turtles, (3) Exploring a Volcano, ( 4) Catching Sharks, (5) Marking an Aquarium, (6) Collecting Postage Stamps, (7) Visiting Famous Churches of the Philippines, (8) Making a Garden, (9) Raising Flowers, (10) Making Candies, ( 11) Building a Sail Boat, ( 12) Hunting Wild Animals, ( 13) Baking Bread or Cakes, ( 14) Making Articles of Clothing, ( 15) Making Articles of Furniture, ( 16) Visiting the Aquarium in Manila, ( 17) Collecting Moths and Butterflies, (18) Collecting Interesting Botanical Specimens, (19) Raising Orchids, (20) Visiting Primitive Peoples in the Philippines, or doing many other interesting things. WRITE ABOUT IT IN A SHORT COMPOSITION. Send your composition to THE YouNG CITIZEN. Each month the, Editor of THB YouNC CITl'ZEN will publish as many of the best compositions as space will permit. If your composition is accepted for publication, you will become a member of The What-Are-You-Doing? Club The rules for securing membership are simple. OBSERVE THE FOLLOWING RULES: 1. Write about something interesting which you have done, such as the above titles suggest. Do not write a story which is not true. If your story is accepted, you are a member of the Club. 2. On your composition write your name and address VERY PLAINLY. 3. State your age. 4. Tell what you liked best in recent issues of THE YOUNG CITIZEN. Address all letters to: The What-Are-You-Doing? Club Care of COMMUNITY PusLJSHERS, INc. Publishers of THE YoUNG CITIZEN P. 0. Box 685, Manila, Philippines. For service and satisfaction, write withINKOGRAPH PENCIL-POINTED FOUNTAIN PEN The most practical fountain pen you can buy - Versatile-it writes well on any kind of paper- rough, smooth, thin , thick, wrapping, or blotting paper. It can easily make four carbon copies. 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