The Young Citizen : the magazine for young people

Media

Part of The Young Citizen: The Magazine for Young People

Title
The Young Citizen : the magazine for young people
Issue Date
Volume VII (Issue No. 11) November 1941
Year
1941
Language
English
Rights
In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted
extracted text
ITIZEH E MAGAZINE FOR YOUNG FILIPINOS v . 1 µ.c. ti 30 Centavos l~~q..Ill_Qi.1.Wfil'l~lV1W/1\\l/JM\\YJ\VM~Zll\?A\IJWWM\W, I 1 :51 I ! I b Announcement to All Writers: We Will Pay You .. for writing articles of merit for publication in THE YOUNG CITIZEN. We want interesting children's stories from 20~ to 500 words in len~th; also games, reading deviices, articles of historical interest, elementary science and health articles, puzzles, jokes, and playlets. We also wish to buy several good serial stories. Interesting stories less than 200 words in length are desired for Little People. You can add to your income by writing for us. Primary Teachers: We especially desire various kinds of interesting material suitable: for First, Second, and Third Grade Pupils. We will pay teachers and others for material which we can use. Each article should be written in clear, easy, correct English, on one side of the paper, typewritten if possible, or written by hand neatly and legibly. The article should be submitted with a self-addressed stamped envelope, otherwise the publishers will not return it to the writer in case it cannot be used. · Address all communications to: The M anaging Editor The YouNG CITIZEN Care of COMMUNITY PUBLISH E RS, INC. P. 0. Box 685. Manila, Philippines. I -1 lt1E OUN(j LITIZfN This Magazine Is Approved by the Bureau of Educ~tion VOLUME 7 NUMBER 11 NOVEMBER • For First Graders Eight linle Stories Who Am I ?-Ctnon M. Rivtra . • For Second Graders Letters of the Alphabet • For Third Graders Words That Describt--Grrardo R. Y ;fa • Storl.es Henny-Penny Goes to Tell the King . • The Prince's Heir Chased by a Lion The Shoemaker The Old Clock-Pancita Flores • Poems 1 9 4 1 B""'iful Bi<d•-Sduud . . ~· • , ;:~~~~~~~. ~~,.2.~tize s. ip. Some Thmgs You Should Not Do • El~mentary Science Mother Bear and her Babies · Thirty Feet! How Many Do You Know? . · How to Mount Butterflies • Health and Safety The Care of the Teeth • History _ The Most Romantic of Weapons . • Music Appreciation Debussy-Bert Paul Osbon • Work and Play Swimming and Diving Aids to Swimming and Diving Our Reading Cluh-Toma1a Ab1ula Earning Money- Dorotta Coru..:. The Friendly Society-Juan dt la Cruz The Funny Page Chats with the Editor . 380 381 382 387 389 391 393 394 378 .. , 386 "' 400 401 "' 397 404 405 409 ,.. 409 410 412 Published monthly by tbe COMMUNITY PUBLISHERS, INc., 2664 Herran, Manila, Pbilippinu. Entered as Second Class Mail Matter at the Manila Post Office on May l6, 1935. Editorial Director: Jou E. Romuo; Managing Editor: Bt:rt Paul Osborr; Assistant Editor: M a1f. Sa,. Juarr; Conti ibuting Editors: Dr. / . Ptmlasigui and Q11irico A . Cruz; Staff Artist: Pt:dro Paguia; Business Manager: Emifi11na Gar(ia Ro1alt:1. Sub.scription Price: PJ.00 for one year of IZ issues; $2.00 in the United Srnto and foreign countries. Single copy, 30 centavo~. SMburiptionJ art lo bt pmd to Co~ntUNITY PUBLISHUS, INC. nu; MAGAZIN~ !=OR YOUNG P(;OPLE; T HE YOUNG CITIZEN NOVEMBER, 19.p THE MESSAGE THIS MONT THANKSGIVING This is November, the month of thanksgiving. All over the world Christian people observe thanksgiving. Every religious person gives thanks to God. We are thankfulto God. · Why? For many reasons: ( 1) Our country-the Philippines-is one of the most beautiful and most productive countries in the world. ' (2) We have schools where we learn many things. We have good and kind teachers. We have plenty of books, magazines, and newspapers. . (3) We have a government that makes. our people happy and prosperous. It builds roads. It provides schools for every child, poor or rich. ·It allows every one to go to the church of his own choice. It gives everypody an opportunity to work, to play, and to.be happy. Our leaders are good and kind to our people. We are proud of our _government and of our leaden;. Because of them we offer .our thanksgiving to Heaven. (4) We have a country which at present"is safe from the miseries and ruins flf war.- ' · · We are still at peace with other nations. Our homes are still standing. Our fields are still green. Our flowers are stm in bloqm. Our streets and roads are still safe. Our birds are still singing. Our children are still happy in the playgrounds. Indeed, they are still in schools. They can still eat all what they want and plenty of it. Yes, at present our country-our beloved Philippiniis· -is the safest place to live in and the Filipinos are the happiest and the most peac;eful people. For our safety, our peace, and our happiness in the midst of dangers, storms, and sorrows, we give thanks to God. This is November, the month of thanksgiving. But for all the goodness of God let us make every month a month of thanksgiving, every day a day of thanksgiving. We offer our thanks to God. -DR. I. PANLASIGUI NOVEMBER, 1941 THE YOUNG CITIZEN A POEM FOR THIS MONTH BEAUTIFUL BffiDS 'With your ear1h-1reading feet and your cloudcleaving wings; Where shall man wander, and where shall he dw~ll, Beautiful birds: tha1 you come not as well? You have nests on the mountain all rugged and stark, . You have nest! .in the forest all tangled and dark. Y.ou hide in the tall gra~s, you IUrk in the brake, You dive in the .fUShes that shadow the lake; You skim where the stream parts the fores1decked land, You dance where the foam ~weeps the desolate strand. Beautiful birds 1 You come thickly around, When 1he fl.ow'r's 0 11 the branch or the fruit':i to be found; You come when the torrents flush river beds OUI, You come when the grasses are dry all about. Beautiful birds! \Ve enjoy the glad croon Of the warblers that sing a sweet holiday tune; 'We've memories fond ~f many a day Made happy by hearing the 9inging bird's lay. -Stltcttd 379 380 THE YOUNG CITIZEN NOVEMBER, 19.p FOR FIRST GRADERS EIGHT LITTLE STORIES Cutting a Tree I cut down trees. They are made into houses. I have a sharp axe. My arm is strong. Find my picture. Then draw it. In the Church You see me in the church. You see me at the altar. I am there during the mass. I wear a long roi')e. Find my picture. Can you draw it? Catching Fish I have a large net. I catch fish with it. I sail my boat i'n the bay. Sometimes I catch many fish. Can you find my picture? Can you draw it? Who Makes Your Shoes? I make your sho"es. Find my picture. Draw it. Draw my hammer. Draw my stooi. Draw my box of tools. Workinq with Wood See my sharp saw. It cuts boards. I have a plane, too. It makes the boards smooth.' My picture is on the next page. Draw it. The Happy Farmer I plough the field. Mx carabao draws the plough. Then I plant rice. · I work very hard. Do you see my picture? Can you draw it? Selling in the Market I sit in the market. I sell cakes., I have a basketful. They will all be sold. Find my picture. Draw it, too. A Manila Fireman Did you ever see a large fire? I can put it out. I have a long hose. f It shoots water on the fire. W here is my picture? Can you draw it? NOVEMBER, 1941 FOR FIRST GRADERS ..__ _____ ~ THE YOUNG CITIZEN WHO AM I? By CENON M. RIVERA --==-======::::::. . I amdl __ :_ _____ _ FILL nu~ ~LANKS wilh 1he riSht word. woOdculler priest f!shermc31?1 s/?oc>maAw fireman ca r,oenler / armer. vendor 381 THE YOUNG CITIZEN NOVEMBER, 1941 FOR SECOND GRADERS LETTERS OF THE ALPHABET Fill the blanks with the names of the objects illustrated. M ·N 0 p Q R s STAR' NOVEMBER, 19 41 THE YOUNG CITIZEN FOR SECOND GRADERS LETTERS OF THE ALPHABET Fill the blank_ s with the names of the objects illustrated. T u [¥1 ~ [~"'() 1--v __ _ ~ w x X1MAS y z 0 ZERO THE YOUNG CITIZEN NOVEMBER, 1941 FOR THIRD GRADERS WORDS THAT DESCRIBE* By GERARDO R. YSLA THIS carretela driver is not kind to his horse. He does not give him enough grass to eat or enough water to drink. Neither does he give him enough rest. He strikes his horse with a heavy whip if he does not move fast enough, or if he cannot pull a big load. Sometimes his horse falls down in the street. Then the cruel driver beats' him with the whip and tries to make him get up. The poor horse always does his best, and tries to do what his master wishes. But he is weak from lack L-----""'"'-"""''--'-"""'~;.;::.,....;;;; _ _, ·of good food and rest. So he cannot always work well. RAMON likes to see his toy bank grow heavier and heavier. He is a thrifty boy. Every day he drops a coin in it. Whenever he receives' some money from his father or mother, he does not spend it all. He puts a part of it into his bank. He is learning to save his money. This is a good habit for a boy to learn. When Ramon becomes a man he will not spend his money foolishly. Perhaps he will be a rich man. • Read each story; then make a list of the words w hich describe. THE YOUNG CITIZEN FOR THIRD GRADERS . WORDS THAT DESCRIBE By GERARDO R. YSLA • ONE day two small boys, Juan .and Pedro, were playing in their yard. Pedro picked up a stone and threw it at Juan. The stone missed Juan and struck the window glass of their neighbor's house. The glass was broken. Pedro was an honest boy. At once he went to their neighbor's house and told what he had dont\"You are a good boy," said the owner of the house. "You need not pay for the window. It was an old window which I was going to replace.'.' MARIA is a helpful girl. She. always sweeps the floor cif her home. That helps her busy mother. She takes care of her baby sister, too. Little sister likes Maria. Maria has learned to do other useful things. She often washes the dirty dishes for 4er mother. She can cook a few simple dishes, and • sometimes she prepares a meal. She has learned to sew and to mend torn clothing. She often does the mending for her tired mother. Maria is only ten years old. Her mother is proud of her, for she is learning to become a useful girl. "Mother's helper" is what her father and• mother call her. •Teacher, Uson Elementary School, Dimaslang, Masbate. THE YOUN<; CITIZEN NOVEMBER, 1941 MOTHER BEAR AND HER BABIES OF ALL the animals of the forest there is norre that is more interesting or better liked than M other Bear and her babies. Baby bears are called cubs. When cub8 are born they are about as long as a man's hand. Usually two baby bears are born at a time. They have no fur then. They sle~p close to their mother and drink her warm milk. After while their f~r grows, and M other Bear takes them out of the den so they can walk and play; they become plump and fat. Young bears like to play and romp jljst like school boys. T hey box each other, and wrestle with one another. In appearance Mother Bear is a ~lum­ sy creature. She is naturally timid, good-natured, and inoffensive. But she is not a coward, and. when it 'is necessary she will defend herself and her babies. She has a short neck, round head, pointed nose, and small eyes. M other Bear and her babies have strong legs and walk flat-footed like a man. T he soles of the feet are bare. Each foot has five toes which are armed with strong claws. When bears walk they lift both feet on one side of the body at the same time. In fighting they frequently stand erect and use the forepaws as well as the \eeth. · Bears are good swimmers, and.most kinds cl i0 m b trees. T hey eat berries, grubs, insects, roots, fish, mice, eggs, birds, and grain. T hey are very fond of honey, too, and will travel many miles to get it. A bear can be tamed and· taught to do tricks. D id you ever see a tame bear ? NOVEMBER, 1941 THE 0 YOUNG CITIZEN LITTLE STORIES FOR LITTLE PEOPLE HENNY-PENNY GOES TO TELL THE KING ONE FIN E DAY Henny-Penny was picki11g up corn in the old farrpyard, when all at once something fell plop! on her head. It was only a grain of corn, as HennyPenny would have seen if she had stopped to look. But she didn't. "Mercy on mel" cried Henny-Penny. "The sky's -a-falling! I must go and tell the king." And off she started that very minute. She went on and on, and on and on, till she met Cocky-Locky. ' "Where are you going to, H ennyPenny ?" asked Cocky-Locky, speaking very politely and making her a fine bow. "I 'm going to tell the king the sky's a-falling," said Henny-Penny. "May I go with you, Henny-Penny?" asked Cocky-Locky. "Certainly! Certainly!" said HennyPenny. And on thpy went, and on and on, till they met Ducky-Wucky. "Where are you going to, HennyPenny and Cocky-Locky?" asked DuckyWucky. "We're going to tell the king the sky's a-falling," said Henny-Penny and CockyLocky. " May I go with you, H enny-Penny and Cocky-Locky?" asked Ducky-Wucky. "Certainly! Certainly!" said Heil'nyPenny and Cocky'-Locky. And on they went, and on and on, till they met Goosey-Poosey. "Where are you going to, H ennyP e nny, Cocky-Locky, and DuckyWucky?" asked Goosey-Poosey. "We're going to tell the king the sky's a-falling," said Henny-Penny, CockyLocky, and Ducky-Wucky. "May I go with you, Henny-Penny, Cocky-Locky, and Ducky-Wucky?" said Goosey-Poosey. "Certainly ! Certainly!" said HennyPenny, Cocky-Locky, and Ducky-Wucky. And -on they went, and ·on and on, till they met Turkey-Lurkey. "Where are you gding to, HennyPenny, Cocky-Locky, Ducky-Wucky, and Goosey-Poosey?" asked Turkey-Lurkey. "We're going to tell the king the sky's a-falling," said Henny-Penny, CockyLocky, Ducky-Wucky, and GooseyPoosey. "May I go with you, H enny-Penny, Cocky- L ocky, Ducky-Wucky, and Goosey-Poosey ?" asked Turkey-Lurkey. "Certainly! Certainly!" said HennyI must 90 and tell the king 388 THE YOUNG CITIZEN NOVEMBER, 1941 Penny, Cocky-Locky, Ducky-Wucky, and Goosey-Poosey. And on they went, and on and on, till they met Foxy-Woxy.t 1 "Where are you going to, Henny' Penny, Cocky-Locky, Ducky-Wucky, Goosey-Poosey, and Turkey-Lurkey?" said Foxy-Waxy. "We're going to teil the king th7sky's a-falling," said Henny-Penny, CockyLocky, Ducky-Wucky,- Goosey-Poosey, and Turkey-Lqrkey. "May I· go with you, Henny-Penny, Cocky-Locky, Ducky-Wucky, Gooseythe side of a tre~. Foxy-Woxy ran inside. ' No wonder he knew the way, for the passage led to his cave! "Come along! Come along!" he cried. "Follow me ! One at a time, if ya,u please. The path is very narrow." Turkey-Lurkey bent his proud head, and in he wont. Snap! Off went his head, and plop! went his body on the floor of the cave. - The next minute in went GooseyPoosey .. · Snap! Off went her head, and 'plop! went her body on the floor of the cave. And on they wettt, and on and on, tiil they came to a narrow passage. Poosey, and Turkey-Lurkey?" aoked Fdxy-Woxy. "Certainly! Certainly!" said HennyPenny, Cocky-Locky, Ducky-Wucky, Goosey-Poosey, and Turkey-Lurkey. "You are going a very long way round," said Foxy-Waxy. H e was very sly, was that. Foxy-Waxy. "I will show you a near way to the Palace-a very near way- if you will allow me," he said. "Thank you! T hank you!" said HennyPenny, Cocky-Locky, Ducky-Wucky, Goosey-Poosey, and Turkey-Lurkey. And on they went, and' on and on, till they came to a narrow passage by T he next minute in went DuckyWucky. Snap! Off went his head, and plop! went his body on the floor of the cave. The next minu.te iri went Cocky-i..ocky. Snap! Off went his head, and plop! went his body on the floor of the cave. ','H enny-Penny! Come along, HennyPenny!" cried Foxy-Waxy. But Henny-Penny had peeped over his shoulder, and saw-all that was left of poor Cocky -.L oc k y, Ducky-Wucky, Goosey-Poosey, and Turk~y-Lurkey. "You cruel monster!" she cried. And, ( Please. turn to page 4o6.) NOVEMBER, 1941 THE YOUNG CITIZEN READING TIME FOR YOUNG FOLKS THE PRINCE'S HEm A Scientific Story Earth, Sea,' and Sky SOME HUNDREDS of years ago there lived a Prince, and, as many of the princes were at that time, he was very powerful; though he loved his people well, his word was law and his will absolute. It hdppened that the Prince had no children, so there was no heir to the throne. This caused the Prince a good deal of anxiety, for he was fearful of what might become of his country .after his death. He could not choose from among his wise counsellors for fear of giving offence, so he resolved to make a great test. At the yearly meeting of the wise council the Prince sat' on his throne, and all the people flocked into the Court, for at this annual festival all came to hear the great Prince dispense judgment. When the Prince had finished the business with his wise advisers he rose. "People of my country," he said, "I have tried to rule you wisely and well, and have given you all the gifts in my power, but yet have failed to fulfil a great need by presenting to yo,u a Prince to reign in my place when I am gone. Now, I have decided to choose for you the wisest man in the land as my heir, and it will be he who excels at the great test which I am going to mak~, and which is open to you all. Wilt you have the wisest ·man in the land to be your Prin~e?" ARd all the people shouted "Yes." "The three great features of our country, as of any other," the' Prince went on, "are these: the earth, the sea, the sky. Three men among you shall offer for this test, one choosing the earth, one choosing the sea, and the other the sky, and from his own choice that man must bring me the most lasting and beautiful gift his element can supply. To him who brings the. eternally bea11tiful I shall leave the crown after my death." - When the acclamation which greeted this speech had died down, there was a long silence as each man looked at his neighbor and wondered who would volunteer. After a time an old man with a white beard arose, and he was ·recognized by the people as the wisest a.nd most clever of all the Prince's counsel.lors. "I accept your test, 0 Prince," he cried, "and take for my choice the all-fertile earth, the life-giving mother of us all." For he had thought of all the wonderful flowers that the earth produces, of the 390 THE YOUNG CITIZEN NOVEMBER, 1941 gorgeous precious stones, of the brightly colored plumage of birds who live in th£_ trees, of the variety and .splendor of the butterflies, and the grace and beauty of the wild animals. "Neither in sea nor sky," he thought to himself, "can one find anything to equal these things." But among the counsellors there was another very learned rr\an who knew all about the sea aod its marvels, so he rose to his feet soon after his brother counsellor had finished speaking. "I will bring you1 what you desire from the gr1 eat blue sea, 0 Prince," he said, "and you shall judge whether the mighty waters do not excel everything on earth or in the sky." Then again there was a long pauselonger than before- for everyone felt that the bJst had been chosen, and a murmur of scornful mirth was Ikard as t~e futility of the last cHoice dawned on the multitude. It was checked by the rising of a tall, dark-haired youth from among the mass of p~9ple, and there was instant silence to hear his words. "There is no choice left for me, 0 Prince/' he said; "but as tliose who extract the oyster ever cast away the shell containing the ~arl, I accept the despised treasure. From the great white light of heaven I shall bring you the secret of both sea and land." Surprise at the daring of this youth, called by his companiOf\S Anak, whom everyone knew to be the son of a peasant, nearly took away the breath of the court. It had never occurred to them that an offer would come from anywhere but the ' council, and they gasped and then laughed as Anak made his way through the seething mass. "He is going to look for a ladder long enough to reach the sun," jeered one. "Mind you don't burn your fingers, Anak," laughed another. "Or knock your heid against a cloud," added a third. But the Prince called for silence; and the people dispersed quietly, talking among themselves of nothing but the strange test, and sufmising as to the result. A whole year passed away before the judging day of the test came, for the two counsellors had demanded that time should be allowed them to collect the wonders they were to offer the Prinae. On the judgment day every man, woman, and child in the land was there, eager io see the ·new heir. In the order in which they had offered . the Prince r·eceived the gifts. First came the ~ld white-haired counsellor, who had declared the earth io be the ruling element . . He had behind him a whole retinue of servants bringing the treasures of the earth. · Caged animals of wild beauty and wonderful color he 'showed first. Then birds of every hue, butterflies and insects, exquisite flowers of every shade and variety, and precious stones. · The people gasped at the marvels he produced, and the Prince's pleasure in their wonder and beauty was seen by everyone. After this exhibition came the n:ian who had chosen the sea, and he was accom-· panied by a crowd of retainers and horses pulling great cases of fish and marvellous sea animals. The colors of these amazed the people, who knew only the dull colors of their inland fish. Wonderful shell formations followed, built by marvellous animals too small to be visible to human eyes. Then he showed interesting seaplants, the like of which no one had ever (Pleau turn to pdge 4o6.) NOVEMBER, 1941 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 391 AMONG ' THE WILD ANIMALS OF EAST AFRICA True Stories Related by " Young Traveler XI. CHASED BY A LION MY YOUNG FRIEND was spending 'a vacation on the farm of his father. The school in Nairobi which he attended had closed for the summer vacation, and all the boys had gone to their homes. The father of the' young man had gone to Nairobi to get the boy and he was now at home on his father's coffee plantation near Trnka. The boy was sixteen years old and qufte accustomed to the life on then would become alive with wild animals. The young man knew th~t his father's warning was quite true; many times he had seen leopards and lions in the early African twilight hours. But on such occa;ions he had always been in his father's car safe from an attack by wild beasts. The boy and his friend had an interesting day. They went out on their ponies, A· lion wilt attack in defense of his mate. the plantation. He had his own pony; his father had given him a rifle and had taught him to use the "weapon in case of an emergency. One morqing the lad went to visit one of his school friends who lived on a neighboring f;irm only a few miles away. He rode his pony and had his rifle with him. The father had warned the boy not to be too late in returning at night, as the jungle riding about in the 'wild country. The morning had not been without adventure, for in East Africa a thrilling adventure may occur at any moment. As the boys were riding along the trail, suddenly a pack of wild dogs appeared. Such packs often attack cattle; they seize some of the calves and disappear befo~e the herdsman has become aware of their ·presence. The two boys saw the pack of wild dogs THE YOUNG CITIZEN NOVEMB!ll, 1941 speeding ovor the plain toward a lonely cow. They spurred their ponies and rode after the dogs, hoping to save the cow from their savage attack. They were able to cut off the dogs, but were careful not to get into the path of the;. ugly and hungry animals. One of the boys shot at one of them and wounded it. The other dogs in the pack attacked their wounded companion at once, and tore the animal to pieces within a few seconds. This short interruption was sufficient to change the course of the herd of cattle from which the cow _ h~d strayed, so that the lone animal was ab.le to rejoin the herd. The hungry dogs ran away without having attacked the cow. The boys were glad •to see the pack go away, for they are dangerous brutes. Sometimes they are driven by hunger to attack a· native village and kill children and helpless old men who are unabk to run with the women to safety. I once saw a pack of these dogs attack a leopard. The leopard was unable to defend himself with his strong and sharp claws against so man.Y foes, and within a: few moments the great cat was torn to pieces. Late in the afternoon of the day of my young friend's visit •to his • schoolmate, he prepared to start home. He and his companion saddled their ponies, and the boy's friend rode part of the way " with his classmat,. The ponies galloped smoothly over the sandy ground, and did not seem tired on . accoun't of the long day's outing. Then my friend's companion turned back, and the boy rode on alone toward his home. Of course he had his rifle on his back, and it was loaded and ready for immediate firing. One neve{ knows what enemy may be encountered· in this wild country. Suddenly the boy saw a lioness with three cubs. The large cat was close to the jungle and the young man thought . she would not attack him. Lions seldom attack a man ; usually they run from a person. The boy was not afraid, therefore, when he saw this lioness with her cubs about her. But he knew that male lions often keep within the vicinity of fen;iales, so he kept a sharp lookout. 1 After a few moments tl)e lioness dis- ' appeared in the dense jungle. Probably she had scented the boy and his horse, and so had taken her three cubs to safety. The boy .rode on, and soon forgot about the lioness. Suddenly he heard something behind him. fie turned around. Less than a hundred yards away, the boy saw a large male lion sniffing the air. The wind was · blowing the scent of the boy and pony directly toward the lion. The boy realized his danger. The lion must have been the mate of the lioness which he had seen, and would not hesitate to attack in order to protect the female from danger. Quickly the young man bent over his pony's head and said strange words in the native dialect. The pony understood, and started to run as fast as he could. A glance backward showed that the lion was in pursuit. · If the lion could catch. up with the pony, he would attack. The lion f6llowed faster and faster. He was gaining upon the pony which was now straining himself to !he utmost. The boy bent low over the neck of his pony, and urged him on. Still the lion was gaining. Only a miracle could save the young man and the horse from an attack of this savage enemy. Suddenly the boy saw a .co.;r.al fence. The pony tore along the narrow tail. He knew that death was behind him, and he (PltaJt turn to pa9e 406.) NovEMJU:R, 19.p THE YOUNG CITIZEN J93 THE SHOEMAKER A Story with c Moral The· H'appy Shoemaker THERE ONCE lived a happy shoemaker who sang from· morning till night. He was perfectly happy. He worked hard, ea(ned an honest living, and enjoyed excellent health. What more does anyone want to be happy? In the same village there lived a very rich man. Every t:me he passed in front of the shoemaker's shop, he sighed and thought, "How is it that this shoemaker, who is so poor, can sing all day? I am rich, I can buy anything I want, and yet I have no wish to sing." One day he decided to talk to the shoemaker. "Let's see," he said. "My friend, how much do you earn in a year?" "Oh, my!" said the shoemaker. "I have never counted it up. I always have plenty of work, and there is ahvays. enough food at my house." • "Well, how much do you make a day?" "Sometimes more, son1etimes less." The rich man, laughing at.his simplicity, said io him, "Take these hu.ndred gold coins, my friend. Some day they may be very useful." The blacksmith, very happy, carried away the bag of money and buried it in his cellar. He had never seen so much money before in ali his life. But he began to be worried. Iri the daytime all went well. But at n·ight! He dare not sleep for fear of thieves, and if he heard a cat in· the yard, he felt sure the cat was someone who was after his ·money. \ At last the poor man could stand it no longer. He ran to the rich man and said to him: "Give me back my songs and my sleep, and take back your hundred gold coins." ANSWER THESE I. What moral do you learn from this story? 2. Why did the shoemaker sing? 3. Why did the shoemaker become worried? 4. Can money always buy happiness? . 5. Which would you prefer-poverty and happiness, or riches and worry? ' 6. What is the secret of happiness? (Think much about this. Talk to your parents, and teachers, and older persons about it.) 7. Do you know a poor, honest, hardworking man? Is he happy? 8. Do you know a very rich. man? Is he always happy? 394 THE YOUNG CITIZEN NOVEMBER, 1941 THE OLD CLOCK ADAPTED BY PANCITA FLORES "I KNOW-I KNOW!" said the old clock. At least that was what Isidro thought it said. It stood very tall and straight in the sala outside Uncle Juan's bedroom door. Isidro had come to 'visit his Uncle Juan and cousins who lived in the great city of Manila. The boy lived in one of the provincial towns some distance from Manila. He could hear the big old clock as he lay trying to go sleep in his room on the other side of the sala. "I know! know-I know!'' it said. "I wonder what the old clock does know?" Isidro said to ,himself. "And I'm lonely when it ticks like that. We've got to get a big clock at home." 'He pulled.the sheet over.his head, and went down to the bo~tom of the b\ d, so he didn't hear Uncle Juan's voice when he came in to say goodnight, at least not unt(l he had called to him three times. "Why, Isidro," he said, When at lasi his flushed face peeped up, "what are you doing?" "Hiding from the old clock," said Isidro; and he told Uncle Juan all about it. "Well, I will go and stop it so you will not hear its ticking if you like," said Uncle Juan. "But my old father loved that old clock, Isidro. It used to stand in the sala of his home when he was little.'1 "Is it as old as that?" asked Isidro. "Yes, it is quite that old. And I remember it myself whe11 I was a little boy," said Uncle Juan. "And I loved it, too." "Then I'll love it as well," said Isidro. "And I don't care if it does say 'I know!' because it must know a lot if it has lived all that time. I suppose it has ticked away for a hundred years, Uncle Juan." "Oh, no if It is not that old," said l)ncle Juan. "But it's more than fifty years old. Father thought a great deal of this clock." 1 And Uncle Juan gave a sigh. "Wh.y?" said Isidro. He was wondering about that sigh. "I was thinking about the old house that used to be my .home," explai11ed Uncle Juan, "and where your father lived when he was small. We should all be there living there now in the great mansion-you and I and your father-but for-"and Uncle Juan stopped. "But you wouldn't understand," he said. "I would," said Isidro emphatically. "I .understand a great deal." "It' was an important paper showing father's right to the property that, was lost," said ·uncle Juan. "Your great uncle, Isidro. He left the great old mansion that we loved to your father and i:ne, you know. But we lost the paper telling about our right .t. o the property. So the house went to other, people, and your father and I were put out." Uncle Juan kissed Isidro good night, and the boy fell asleep to the sound of the old clock's song: "I know-I know!" In the middle of the night Isidro woke. The old c\qck had stopped ticking, and the house sounded quiet and strange without iis song, which the little boy had grown accustomed to hearing. "I'd like to hear it again," said Isidro to himself. "I wouldn't mind the dark then." He crept outside. "I saw Uncle Juan start the p~ndulum yesterday," he ( PIMse turn to pag~ 4o8.) NovEMBER1 1941 TIIE YOUNG CITIZEN 395 HISTORY SECTION A SWORD, that most romantic of weapons, has been the symbol of war and the badge of honor and courage am on K f i gh ti ng men since the days when iron · > and bi;onze were first hammered into blades. The right to carry a sword ha s almost.., always· been a mark of rank; and today, when most of its usefulness has departed, it remains part of the dress uniform of army and navy ofTHE MOST ROMANTIC OF WEAPONS DEVELOPMENT OF THE SWORD many lands kissing the r u I e r ' s sword was a token of ho m"a g e. Oaths taken by a soldier on his sword were rigidl y binding. When a general surrendered his sword, he admitted defeat. To have his sword broken by his superior officer was the greatest disgrace that could come to the disloyal or coward-• ly soldier. These and 1 . Sword of Bro11ze Age 2. Greek 3. Roman 4. Norma11 (1066) many other 5. Crusader's Sword 6. Two-handed, 15th Cn1turr 7. Rapier, 16th sword cereCe11t11ry 8. Ferrara, 17th Ce11!11ry 9. Fre11ch, 1800 IO. English, 1914 I J. Dagger, India 12. Russia11 I J. Indian Ta/war 14. Scimitar 15 . Soudanese 16. Malay 17. Atfachete 18. Kr.is 19. f apa11ne 20. Fencing Sword monies re.appear constantly in ficers the world over. history, and _many stories-(~lk tales and mythological stories-contain accounts of magic swords. In the days of chivalry knighthood was conferred by the flat of the sword laili on the young warrior's shoulder. In In modern warfare, the work of the THE YOUNG CITIZE'N NOV!Ml!Jt, 1941 sword, and of its smaller brother, the dag- pointed rapier even this protection wa• ger, and of its.cousin, the spear or lance, abandoned. is mostly done by the bayonet fastened to The saber, either straight or curved, the rifle, or carried in a scabbard at the was always the special weapon of the belt. But for many centuries before the cavalryman, and it survives today in some invention of firearms, tl]e sword 'in one or armies. The short cutlass was the weapanother of its many forms was the prin- on of the sailor. cipal weapon of the fighting man. Various races and peoples have had The ancestor.of the sword was probably special swords and daggers associated the stone dagger of the fighting cave man. with their names throughout history. Among the earliest historical blades are Thus we hear of the curved sword, called the leaf-shaped ·arm of the Greeks and tulwm:, of the Persans, the sickle-shaped the long, thin Assyrian sword. As nations lwkri of a certain race in India, the deliprogressed in the military arts, they us- cate katana of the Japanese, the Malay ually shifteil frnm the ch9pping swords kris with its wriggling blade, the heavyto the sharp-pointed thrusting weapons. pointed machete of tropical America, the Thus the short sword of the Roman deadly bolo of the Filipi!los, the bowie legionary defeated the he,avy blunt-edged knife of frontier days in the United States, sword of the northern barbarians, and it and many ot~er members of the sword was literally "at the point of the sword" family. \ that the Saracens, who carried curving - Sword-making used to be one of the scimitars and blades which could be used most honorable trades. The cities of only for slashing, wer~ kept from t.aking Damascus in Syria and Toledo in Spain all of Europe. formerly owed much of their fame to the The heavy two-handed sword of the skill of their sword'makers. But this glory Middle Ages was abandoned as soon as faded when fire-arms came into use. the invention of firearms destroyed the usefulness of shields and armor. In ,its place grew up the saber( the rapier, and the smallsword, and with these lighter blades swordsmanship became a· fine art. During the 17\h and 18th centuries in . Europe it became the custom for all men, even civilians, to carry swords, and quarrels were usually settled on the spot with cold steel. In the reign of Louis XIII in France dueling became so prevalent that fencing masters were everywhere in great demand and highly honored. Earlier duels were fought with a sword in one hand and a dagger in th~ other. Later a cloak took the place of the dagger, and finally with the ado.ption of the slender, needleQUESTIONS I. Why is the sword a "romantic" weapon? 2. What are some historical facts about the sword? 3. How did swords orginate? 4. Can you tell of swordsmanship in the Middle Ages? 5. Can you tell of duelling? 6. What displaced the sword as a fighting weapon? 7. What is a saber? A r'apier ? 8. Study the various kinds of swords shown in the illustration o~ page 395. Can you name them? 9. What two cities were famous for the manufacture of swords? Nov11MBH., 1941 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 397 MUSIC APPRECIATION SECTION GREAT COMPOSERS OF MUSIC SECOND SERIES By BERT PAUL OSBON• XL DEBUSSY DEBUSSY Modernistic Composer OF ALL composers, the music of Claude Debussy (de-bu-se) is the most difficult to write about, and it is more difficult yet to listen to and understand his compositions. However, the few facts regarding his life ,are quickly told. Debussy was born in France in 1862. He went to school in the French town in which he was born, and grew up with the. intention of entering the navy. So as a boy he was not a musical prodgy. A musical aunt guided him to the ConservatorJ of Music in Paris, but he was too impatient of technical drill . and too • Formerly in the Department of Music Education, New York. University, New York City, U.S.A. original to excel there either as a pianist or composer. Nevertheless, upon gradua.tion in .1884, he wrote a cantata called The Prodigal Son which brought him fame and which won a prize in the music school at Rome so to Rome he went for further study'. He was oppressed and unhappy and unable to work in the grandeur of Rome. He returned to Paris after one year's absence, which was all he could stand. . H~ was sensitive and high-strung, and was very unhappy. Ugly people and crying children disturbed him, although he adored his own child whom he called Chou-Chou. To her he dedicated his piano suite called The Children's Corner with its charming Golliwog's Cake-walk and the Doll's Serenade. He has made thousands happy \Vith his delightful Children's Corner which you should hear; in addition to Golliwog's Cake-walk and Doll's Serenade, there is limbo's L11llaby (which refers to an elephant), The Snow ls Dancing and The Little Shepherd. Debussy 'wrote another compos1t10n which has become very well known. It is called The Afte;noon of a Faun. A poet wrote a poem about a faun which is one of a class of rural Italian deities represented as of human shape, with pointed ears, small horns, and sometimes a goat's tail, or as half goat and half man. Debussy called his Afternoon of a.Faun a prelude, but rather by reference to the poem which he followed, instead of following THE YOUNG CITIZEN NOVEMBl!R, 1941 the form of a musical prelude. It is a very fascinating piece of music with an exotic, languorous atmosphere that no other composer has achieved. We may consider this composer as the most poetic and original of pr.esent music writers, with striking cantatas and symphonic poems. H e also wrote a few operas, besides smaller works. Such modern composers as Tschaikowsky (see THE YOUNG CITIZEN for July, 1941) and Debussy have literally created tonal coloring of the symphony orchestra o~ which Haydn, Mozart, and Beethov~n did not dream. The melodies of Wagner and Debussy are more exciting than the simpler patterns of H aydn, Mozart, and Schubert. •But it is worth remembering that each kind of music was thoroughly satisfying to the public in its day. · There is realism as well as beauty in other orchestral works of Debussy such as T he Sea, and two nocturnes called Clouds and Fetes which have been played in Manila by the M anila Symphony Orchestra. In the program notes of the concert given on September 9, 1941 by the Manila Symphony Orchestra, a critic has this to say regarding Debussy's composition Clouds_ (Nuages): " In this lovely impressionistic fragment, Debussy dop not attempt to point a picture of clouds moving through the sea of ·heaven, but , rather to evoke such a mood. as might come upon one who gazes upon the slow and solemn passage of the clouds dissolving into a grey vagueness tinged with white." And of the composition F etes, these notes are printed: "Fetes is an unforgetable example of the quality in music that accomplishes meaning and suggestions quite beyond word•. The music seems to come from thf shadowy distance. Swiftly dancing figures, whirling in complete abandon, crowd and jostle on the scene, lost in the joy of sensuous movement. Swiftly they disappear, and the scene fades.n In his piano music of a se(ious nature Debussy includes many picturesque titles,' such as The Girl with the Flaxen Hair, Goldfish, Ga1·de11s in the Rain, The Subm erged Cathedral, Moonlight, Reflections in the Water., Evening ·in Granada) etc. It is Debussy who has given real individuality to French piano music, and his novel effects of tonal coloring, suggesiing gray, cloudlike backgrounds and blurred . outlines, represent something unique in music, thus far defying imitation by any other composer. He is priinaril'y a composer of program music, and most of his pieces h~ve descriptive titles such as those given above. - Debussy uses many dissonances in his compositions, but his music is now accepted as well written, and his original genius is unquestioned. In some' comp·ositions he uses the whole-tone scale. The modern whole-tone scale, as its name im(Pleau turn• to page 408.) THIRTY FEET! HOW MANY DO YOU KNOW? How MANY of the animal's feet s[lown in the picture on the next page can you name? Try first, then check with the following list. In the first row from left to right they are: horse, elephant, eagle, newt, ostrich, camel ; second row: chimpanzee, tiger, duck, shrew, lizard, beetle; third row: sloth, bear, locust, flamingo, platypus, cra'b; fourth row: peccary, spider, giraffe, frog, arn\adillo, ox; fifth row: kangaroo, tortoise, squirrel, iguana, mouse, gecko. NOVEMBER, 1941 THE YOUNG CITIZEN ELEMENTARY SCIENCE SECTION THIRTY FEET! HOW MANY DO YOU KNOW? THE YOUNG CITIZEN NOVEMBER, 1941 HOW TO MOUNT BUTTERFLIES I N MOUNTING bµtterflies, there are, of course, various methods of going to work, all of which are good. · The first thing is to make one or more setting boards, .and these will vary in size a'ccording to the size of the specimens. Down t.he center of- the board m; ke a groove. At the bottom of the groove a .thin strip of cork about an eighth of an >nch in thickness must be glued, an'd the board planed down slightly on each sic\e of the groove until a section has the appearance shown in the- first pi<:ture. tn making these boards the most important points to remember are that the grooves should be wide enough to take the body of the insect comfortably, and of such depth as to leave a small space between the board and the wings when the body is pinned down to the cork. The actual degree of slope on each side of the groove is not important. of the insect, the head of the pin should slope a little forward towards ,the head of the i~sect, and about three-eighths of an inch should project beneath the body. Be very careful that the upper par_ t of the pin does not lean to either side. Pin the specimen down to the board, with the body resting in the groove, and a slight space between the wings and the ·board. The delicate operation of arranging the wings comes next, and is done by means of thread and a fine needle. The body is in position in the groove, and the butterfly's wings are clos.ed together. Using a pin stuck in the board as a pivot, and tying ta this a piece of th>ead, we insert the thread between ihe wings and gently draw the wings down to one side, arranging them with the needle while the thread is still over them. When the speci-. men is dry all supports except the body pins are removed. The next thing to do is to pin down the insects, and this is the most difficult part of the setting. These pins Thr'et Wttys of Mounti11y N' ow we have to fix the wings, and there are various methods of doing this, as shown in the second picture. can be purchased at a science supply house.* Black ones have the best appear·ance. To begin with, three sizes of pins will be sufficient, the shortest being for s'\'all butterflies and moths, the longest for the very large specimens, and the middle size for the rest. In putting the pin thr6ugh the body • Botica Boie, Escolta, l\IIanila. We may use small pieces of cardboard, pinning them down as shown, or we must use a piece of transparent binding paper, which can be purchased at any store where s~ience supp~ies are kept. * If this transparent paper is used, we may cover all the wings on each side, as ~hown in the second picture. Or we can fix the wings down with threads passed around the (Pleau turn lo pa9t 4o8.) NOVEMBER, 1941 THE YOUNG CITIZEN 401 HEALTH AND SAFETY SECTION THE CARE OF THE TEETH 11 ertical Section of a Tooth IT is often said that "an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure." This slogan is more nearly true with diseases of the teeth than with almost any other human disease. And yet very few of us really give our teeth the care they should receive. Many of us do not clean our teeth properly. We do not visit the dentist. And we do not always eat the kind of ' food that will ,prevent the decay of the teeth. A clean tooth will not escapes into the mouth and mixes with the food and saliva. This poison is fi.nally carri•d·into the digestive tract. The remaining poisons penetrate through the tooth into the jawbone sur- · rounding the infected tooth_ and thence directly into the blood stream. The blood stream then carries the poisons to the different vital tissues of the body. An acute abscess may form. This makes the removal of the ailing tooth necessary. After it is removed, if the· person is healthy the remaining germs are destroyed when their source, the infected tooth, no longer supplies poison. If the· person is weak and sickly, the germs may remain' in the jawbone for years, and produce more poisons which have no escape except directly into blood stream. decay. It is ihe teeth that are hardest to clean that will decay first. Dental decay is caused by the stagnation of the sugary and starchy foods in the tiny crevices around the teeth. This stagnation leads to a chemical process known as fermentation which results in the formation of an acid. Teeth in Position The abscess that forms at the end of a root of a dead , tooth or a diseased tooth causes a person no pain or disThis acid, called lactic acid, makes its way 'into th_e tooth. The surface of the hard protecting substance- the enamelis destroyed and roughened. Then there is further stagnation and fermentation of food; more of the tooth-injuring lactic acid is formed; and more destruction takes place, until a cavity is produced. This is the beginning of the end. Before long decay spreads in all directions in the tooth under the enamel. The pulp of the tooth becomes infected and dies. Putrefaction follows and poisons are formed. A part of the poisons formed comfort. The person may not even know an abscess is there. But just the same the abscess is constantly manufactur\ng and supplying germs . to the blood. Because these germs are sealed up in the bone, they cannot get out. They have to go somewhere, so they slowly destroy the bone until they find their way into the blood stream. These abscesses are dangerous in another Some of our T uth 402 THE YOUNG CITIZEN NovE:\1BHR, 19.p way. They poison the nervous system, for poisons' produced by the germs in the abscesses are distributed to the nervous system. In some cases, only a small group of nerves is affected, but sometimes it is the spinal chord 'or even the brain which is affected. \ A well-known dental disease is pyorrhea, which is not a disease of the teeth themselves. If we compare the jawbone to a piece of wood and the teeth to nails driven halfway into the wood, then pyorrhea may be compared to a growth which gets aroun,d the nail and rots the wood until the nail becomes .loose and falls . out. / Pyorrhea creeps into the mouth unnoticed and may have become deeply · rooted and have been in progress for:some time before its bad effects are noticed. · To the eye of the average person, the gums appear normal. But an X-ray photograph may show destruction around the roots of the teeth. With proper and regular brushing of the gums from early childhood, there should be no such thing as pyorrhea. The teeth should be brushe1 d all over, behind and in front, so that no particles of food will be left a~hering to the teeth. Even with the best of care the teeth are liable to suffer. Let us remember that a healthy condition of the teeth depends to some extent upon the general health of the individual. Even if one takes very good care of the teeth they will be subject to disease if one neglects the general health. And since dental diseases may develop unnoticed, one should visit a dentist regularly. Whether your teeth bothe'r you or not, it is a good practice to "brush your teeth twice a ,day and visit your dentist twice a year." Money For Christmas~~~ A sweepstakes ticket may bring you the answer to your prayers for a Merry Christmas. . Moreover, money invested in the purchas~ of a ticket will help charity and welfare institutions, which usual! y get their funds from the sweepstal<es, to extend relief to the sick and needy and thereby bring them good cheer on Christmas Day. LAST DRAW OF THE YEARDECEMBER 2! !'877,500 in CASH 'PRIZES on a sale basis of Pl ,500,000 ONE FIRST PRIZE OF P200,000 l Second Prize of 100,000 l !hird Prize of 50,000 6 Fourth Prizes at 8,000 AND HUNDREDS OF OTHER BIG PRIZES!!! BE AN AUTHORIZED RE-SELLER and make extra money, the usual commission of P3.76 on each booklet of 12 tickets sold at P2 per ticket, plus sellers' prizes ranging from P5,000 down to PJOO if tickets sold by you win any of th.e major prizes in the draw. ACT AND WRITE TODAY Save A Life And Wind P.-ize PHILIPPINE CHARITY SWEEPSTAKES National Charities Bidg. P. 0. Box 141 Manila NOVEMBER, 1941 THE YOUNG CITIZEN CHARACTER AND CITIZENSHIP SECTION SOME THINGS YOU SHOULD NOT DO • NOT LONG AGO I sat at my desk writing a not.,which I wished an upper class boy to carry to a friend. · The boy was standing nearby, waiting for me to finish the note which I was writing. I happened to glance up at the youngster, and what do you tlaink he was doing? He was standing there, reading my note as I was. writing it. That is a, common practice here·in the Philippines. Boys, girls, young men, and even grown-ups frequently stand and read what a person is writing while it is being written. Readers of THE YOUNG_ CITIZEN, let me tell you that it is very, very impolite to do such a thing. You should never, never stand at a person's elbow and read anything that is being written. It is a practice all too common among Filipinos, who often do it because they do not know, apparently, that they are being exceedingly impolite by being guilty of such man to eat at my home, for he did one of the worst thrngs possible in table manners. Boys and girls, never stand 'up at the table and lean over to reach for food. It is very, very rude to do such a thing, and refined people ne~er do it. Only a person who is very ignorant of proper table manners would do such a thing. If in need of food when you are at the table, simply say to a servant or to some one nearby, " Please pass the meat," and then wait quietly until it is passed to you. Let me bring to your attention another example of rudeness: Recently I was ·passing on the walk at the side of a street. Several boys and girls were standing on the walk in front of a house talking to each other. The entire space was occupied by them, so in order to continue it was necessary for me to get off the walk and go around them, unless they were polite e'nough to move to one side so that I could an action. pass. NEVER stand near a .person who is Did those young people move to one writing and read what is being written. side so that I· might pass and not be If you do such a thing, you are very, very obliged to get off the walk? Indeed they ill bred, to say the least, and ii is certain- did not! What an example of rudeness! ly a thing you should never do. H ow impolite these boys and girls were! A f.ew months ago I invited a young When I saw how impolite they were, I man, who is attending a college, to eat dinner at my home. During the dinner stopped and said, "Young people, you this young man wished to have some food are very impolite. You are e~tremely ill which was on the table at a little distance bred. Do you own the walk m the front from his pla\e. T he young man did not , of this building? I would be ashamed to say "P lease pass the meat"-which is be so rudl' and impolite if I were you." what he should have said-but instead he' "Excuse us, sir. We will try· not to be stood up, leaned over the table, and helped so impolite again," one of the boys said. himself .to what he wished. I certainly hope that he and the others I shall never again invite that young remember his words. THE YOUNG CITIZEN NovE~tBER, 1941 WORK AND PLAY SECTION SWIMMING AND DIVING IT IS SAID that all living creatures except men and monkeys can swim by instinct. But any person can learn to swim in a short time, if he learns it in a proper manner. The first thing to remember is th.at the human body, · when there is air in the lungs, is slightly lighter than fresij water, and very much lighter than salt water. Nearly e,veryone can float motionless in a horizontal position with face above the surface if the' body is properly balanced. The first thing to do in order to overcome the fear of sinking is to go into quiet water up to the shoulders. Slowly raise the feet off the bottom, making at the same time short downward motions with the hands. The hands should be held back close to the body with palms extended on the down stro}\e, but drooping on the up stroke. Next, practice a treading motion with the feet, thrusting dowh each foot in turn with the sole of the foot flat. Draw it back with the toes upwar.d. When you can float, begin to learn the simpler swimming strokes. The Breast Stroke is the simplest of all strokes. The hands are brought rogether, palms down, in front of the chest, and pushed out straight ahead to the full length of the a·rms. Then the palms are turned outward and the arms swept back horizontally. The stroke is finished by bringing the hands together under the chest again. For the leg-stroke the knees are first drawn up under the body. Then the legs kick out backward and wide apart, are brought together again like scissor blades, and drawn up on.ce more for the next stroke. The backward kick of the legs should be timed to come as thGtarms are being thrust forward. The Side Stroke is a good stroke to learn. The body is turned on one side, and the arms, instead of working together, alternate in their movements. As the lower arm sweeps downward and backward, the other arm reaches forward, skimming the su,face of the water, and then moves downward and backward in its turn. The legs are drawn up and thrust out to m\)ch the sam!! position as if you were taking a long step; then they are brought together again with a scissors motion. · D iving is a·n art in itself, which can be acquired only by constant practice. For plain diving the body should follow the line of a curve such as would be made by a stone tossed out a similar distance into the water. The hands should 'be held above the !read with thumbs together and palms down, never with palms together. As the body enters the water it should be straight, toes pointed and backward. When the body is about half-way in, the hands should bend upward at the wrist; this will tend to bring the h~ad quickly to the surface, and thus give a chance to breathe. All swimmers should learn how to save persons from drowning. The rescuer should approach from the rear, thrust the crook of one elbow around under the chin of the drowning person and . tow him backward to safety, making the swimming strokes with the legs and the free arm. On the next page are given some illustrations in swimming and diving. NOVEMBER, 1941 THE YOUNG CITIZEN AIDS TO SWIMMING AND DIVl!iG THE YOUNG CITIZEN NovBMBBR, 1941 THE PRINCE'S HEIR HENNY-PENNY CHASED BY A LION (Continued from page 390) (Continued from page 388) (Continued from page 392) seen before. backing out of the hole, she ran with all his might. The It was, indeed, a remark- ran off home as fast as her boy spurred his pony on. able sight, and the people trembling legs would carry Luckily they did not have applauded loudly. her. to cross the grassy land. If Anak was standing near' And that is how it was they had come into the high the throne, and, at the call the king never knew the prairie grass they would of the Prince, he stepped sky was falling.-Reprinted have been lost. The grass forward. But there was no by Permission. would have hindered the retinue of followers behind short legs of the pony. him, and he held nothing The pony made for an in • his hands except what object. Then he placed it open_ing in the corral fence, appeared to. be a little, in- in a ray of sunlight which an~ rn a few moments pony significant piece of glass. fell on to the white steps of and nder were within the There was the sound of a the throne. · enclosure. The tall thorn short laugh here and there, Immediately on the steps bushes and branches, which at which the good Prince there were the most mar- mad-e the fence, kept the frown~d, for he ,liked this vellous shades .of blue and wild animals out. The boy dark, long-limbed peasant, green of yellow and violet sprang from his pony and whom he now feared had and r~d and every imagin- thr~w thorn branches into failed. able color. A great cry of the opening. Then with his "Well, Anak, have you amazement went up, for no rifle in hand he awai_ted the found the task impossible?" one in those days had ever appearance of the hon. he said kindly. heard of the spectrum or a But the lion did not ap"O Prince,. I have fpr spectroscope, al)d no one pear, although the boy knew you the key which tells that, knew anything about the the animal was somewhere though the _earth may be wonderful rays of broken near. H e kept his rifle ready covered w 1th abundant light. for instant firing should the beauty, and the sea _ swarm Then the Prince came beast attempt to penetrate w~th the marvels of l.1fe, yet down the ste s and held his the fence. Fdftunately the without the white light of . .P 't 1 sky they cannot exist. The white robe in the wonder- corral was no very arge, light of the sky holds the ful colors of the rainbow. a~d the thorn fence , was marvellous paints to which He took Ai:ak by the hand. high enough to prevent wild they must all come for their " My heir-your future animals from Jumping over. colors. while their beauty Prince," he cried to the The natives had been very passes' away, that of the people. carefu.I in . selecting this light of the sky is everlast- . And the people shoure.d place rn which to _keep ca.ting always renewing both with delight. From the1r tie dunng the night safe ear;h and sea." own number had been from attacks of wild beasts. At the Prince's puzzled chosen their future ruler, The boy knew that the look Anak h~ld up the piece for had he not proved him- 'lion was lurking outside of of glass in his hand. It was self to be the wisest man in the enclosure but could not a triangular, wedge-shaped the land? (Pl.ase turn to page 411.) NOVEMBER, 1941 . THE YOUNG CITIZEN "SHOES Walks for a ll of Life" NATIONAL FOOTWEAR for you and me.. the most ideal footwear for everybody. Because ... it's smart, fashionable and so · decidedly comfortable. But you don't have to take our word for it... Try it. You can buy it today at any NATIONAL FOOTWEAR dealer in your locality. NATIONAL FOOTW EAR . COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION, INC. 428-432 Rizal Avenue 1710 Herran, Paco and 357 Quezon Ave. {Foot of Bridge) Near Quiapo Church 407 ·THE YOUNG CIT IZEN NOVEMBER, 19.p THE OLD CLOCK DEBUSSY I MOUNTING BUTTERFLIES (Continued fr(Jm page 394) (Continued from page 398) (Continued from page 400) thought, as he mac!e his way plies, goes up and down in b oa rd lengthwise, a n <l across the wla, "and I can steps of a whole tone, with- fastened in tiny notches at do it." out any of the half-tone in- each end of the board, as Crash! There was a tervals found in the diatonic shown in the lowest P.icture. dreadful n o i se He had scales. T his explains some To keep the bo d y pushed over the tall, old of the p e c u 1 i a r chords straight, pins should be clock in the dark. llncle which he uses. stuck into the groove of the Juan's door opened quick- H e never crowds his mu- board undern~ath the-lower ly, and he came hurrying sic with tone color, but he end of the body to support with a flashlight in his has made music express it. The feelers (antennae) hand. poetic feeling in the most and legs of the butterfly "Why, I'sidro, what's the delicate and unusual fash- should be carefully armatter ?" ion. One simply feels the r anged, and, if necessary, "Oh, U ncle Juan, I just effect of his music as one may be kept in position by meant--" he began. ' "I dbeoacus t1.5 fu t1 n l la igfth etr,nooo rn.a ·calm pins stuck into the board slantingwise and pressing wa2ted it to-.- " " Musicians .h a v,e ,been upon the feelers and the If you will help me, keenly interested in D ebus- legs. said Uncle Juan, "perhaps sy's use of the old Greek The specimens should be together we can lift >t up." scales and in his orchestral laid aside in a shady, dry Thero was not much combinations. But to the place, free from dust and damage done. The works listener, the point of inter- secure from the attacks of of the old clock were un- <Et is in the effect of the ants, mice, or cockroaches. hurt, but the back of the music. Small specimens will dry case was broken right away. Claude Deb~1ssy is the quickly, but the larger ones It lay splintered from the real founder of modern may take several weeks. fall, and there among the music. His highly original To know whether a specisplinters was something else methods of harmonizing men is ready for placing in ' -a long, thick envelope and creating tonal colors the collecting cabinet, touch with red seals! The color has r ev o 1 u ti on i zed the the abdomen with a needle, went from Uncle J uan's whole musical art. H is and if the skin is dry and face as he lifted it up. orches tr a l compositions immovable, the drying is "What's this? Why, it's speak a new and different completed. th~ lost paper!" he gasped. language, and his piano I n the cabinet the speciJust at that minute the pieces are unique. He wrote mens may be damaged by pendulum started again. It his songs in such a manner mice, ants or cockroaches, swung to and fro, and there as no other composer has or they may mould. The was a whirring sound. And ever equaled. Everything is filing cabinet should be then, in the half-darkness, vague, ethereal, without a kept dry and lnsect proof. the song of the clock began definite rl;ythm or melody. A little napthaline or a few once more : "I knew-I Such is the music of Claude moth balls may be placed I knew-I knew ! " Debussy. in the cabinet. NOVEMBER, 1941 Our Reading Club By TOMASA ABUELA ( 15 Y~ARS OLD) THE YOUNG CITIZEN Earning Money By DOROTEA CORTEZ ( 14 YEARS OLD) The Friendly Society By JUAN DE LA CRUZ (17 YEARS OLD) OUR teacher said. we were HAVE had piano lessons AT 'Rizal School which not reading enough books. for six years and my teach- attend we have an organizaSo she called a meeting of er says I play quite' well for tion called "The Friendly our class. a girl of my age. S~e says Society." The purpose of "What shdl we do about it is because I have learned this organization is to make it, boys and girls? You are how to practice well. new students acquainted not reading enough books." Now I will tell you how with the other students of "Let's organize a reading I earn money by my know!- the school, and to welcome club," suggested Romeo, edge of piano and my abil- them to our school. Many the brightest boy in the ity as a good "practicer." times students come to us class. Five of the young chi!- who are shy and timid. "That' is just what I was dren in our neighborhood They do not feel at home. going to suggest," said Miss have begun to 'take piano "The Friendly Society" was Torres. lessons. They did not know organized to help just such So we organized a read- how to practice very well, students as these. ing club. We met at each because they are so young. Our society has been oro other's homes each Wednes- So I went to the mothe}' ganized for about three day evening and each Satur- of each one and asked her years, and our principal day evening. to let me supervise and help thinks we are doing some Our teacher chose a book them in their piano practic- useful and necessary work which she thought we ing. For doing this I get in our school which is quite would like: At our reading ten centavos for each half large and has several thouclub we took turns in read- hour of supervising. I make sand students enrolled. ing. Sometimes our teacher several pesos each week, We do everything posread, but all of\ us got a and my "pupils" are get- sible which our name signichance to read aloud to the ting along splendidly, so fies. If a girl is lonely or club. We have continued their teacher says. homesick, we take her in this practice for two years. My work at supervising hand and she is"soon happy Our teacher says our read- is helping me also, for it and contented. If a boy is ing habits have been very teaches me to be very care- having financial troubles (Pleau turn to page 411.) (Please turn to page 411.) (Plt!flse turn to pa9e 411.) , .po THE YOUNG CITIZEN NovBMBBR, 1941 TIIB FUNNY PAGE N OV HMRER, 1941 THE YOUNG CITIZEN CHASED BY·A LION READING CLUB• (Continued from page 406) ( Continued from page 409) - find a way through the much improyed Dy our thorn branches. In another Reading Club. hour darkness would come, Once our club had a picand tpe boy was afraid that nic. We went in a large bus the lion might in some way to a beautiful cool pl,ace. effect an entrance then. • We took our dinner with us, Once the y9ung man saw and ate it in pi~nic style. the yellow hide of the lion We didn't forget_ 'bur .readthrough the thorn branches. ing, even on the picnic, for Immediately he fired two• we took turns in reading to shots through the fence. An each other after dinner the angry roar • answered him stories and article; in the from the outside. Then latest number of THE there was quiet. "I must YOUNG CITIZEN. have scared the animal away · with that shot," ence of the lion. The herdsthought the boy. man called out to the cattle 411 EARNING MONEY ( C ontinued from page 409) ful, because I have to train my "pupils" to be very careful. M)' work is becoming so effective and so well known, that I am thipking oi raising my price to twenty centavos for each half hour. My teacher says that some day I will• be a very good piano teacher. I hope I will Qe able to earn enough money so I can help pay my expenses'when I go to college. For a long while he list- to quiet them. FRIENDLY, SOCIETY ened in the quiet of the eve- • The young man shouted (Continued from page 409) ning. He peard no sound to the herdsman. "There is we do what we can to set from the lion. He did not a large si111ba ; (lion) out him or\ his feet. We have dare go outside th_ e fence; there," he called in ' the parties and picnics to which the animal might be wait- native diakct. But the new students are invited, so in.g, ready to attack him. herdsman had already. seen they soon become acquaintPresent!y 'the bqy heard the lion. Yes, ihere was a ed. We he!.p students from the drawn-\ut call of a na- hon there, but- he was- out of town esp~cially girls tive herdsman. He bega_n dead . . The boy's _.one sh0t to find ·pl~asant and com'. to have hope. Pe_rha_ps th~s had killed the anurtal. . It fortable places in ~hich to herdsman was bfmgmi; hIS was a chance ~1t, and the live. If any student nee.ds cattle to the corral for the young man was greatly sur- d . h h . · night. He llstened and prised that it had killed his a v~ce, e or s e is eoc~u~­ hear,d the sound of moving savage foe. ' . · age to come to our c u • cattle." He fired two shots Soon he started toward an(! we soon put him _ on the into the air to attract the at- his h ,ome which was not far right ·track." - tention of the herdsman. away. When he arrived There are many things The herd was coming to- home it was quite darkJThe for "The Friendly Society" \Vard the corral. All of a next morning father and son to do. Aod \ve try to do· at .,sudden the cattle stopped, went out to get the skin of least some of them. and the boy heard .their the lion, but the hye~as had Any school can easily fri ghtened sniffing and been there already during have a "Friendly Society" nervous pawing with their the night, and so there was like ours, and it will make hoofs. Perhaps they had not much left of the "king life brighter and happier become aware of the pres- of the forest." for the entire school. 412 THE YOUNG CITIZEN Non:i.tBER, 1<)41 an older brother or sister to help you. If there is a pu~( zle to be s~lved, don't st'!,P'"" until you have worked it out. If there are things to be made- I am thinking now of the ff? ork an'd Play S~ction-make them. You should even read the pages for the first, the second, and .BOYS AND GIRLS, parents, had not been touched or the third graders; you will teachers-all readers of read by any pupil. learn much from those THE YOUNG CITIZEN: I By following such a pro- pages. wonder h"w much you are cedure, no use whatever is Parents, you will find making use of thi( splendid made of THE YOUNG Cm- many of the articles of THE magazine. Are you using ZEN, and the very purpose YOUNG CITIZEN interesting each issue as much as pos- for which the magazine is and infor'mational and sible and as your Editor has published is defeated. will I believe enjo~ readin mind when preparing Yes, we want y~u to USE ing 'them. Th'e Editor eneach number? every copy of THE YoUNfi joys them . . Or do you do as a .te~cher CITrnEN. .Read it and re- Then too if you wLll end1d. in a southern province? read. it until 1t 1s wor? out. courage' yo~r children to This teacher carefully kept Pupils above the primary d h · . . all the copies of THE grade in every sch o o 1 rea t e many inter.esttng YOUNG CITIZEN as they ar- should read every word of thmgs of this magazine! 11 rived, put them away so it- not only once, but two will improve ~heir English. they would not get soiled or or three times: \ So you see, HE YOUNG damaged, and, when the If there are questions at CITIZEN is a v ry valuable superintendent visited the the end' of an article ~r story, magazine both for the home school, proudly displayed answer the questions. If land the school. all 'the copies-clean and necessary, get father or All my•space is .used, so undamaged, yes, but they1mother, or your teacher, or Goodbye.-THE EDITOR. ' COMPLIMENTS of A: C. RANSOM PHILIPPINE CORPORATION 717~721 F. T orres MANILA Tel. 2-22~2 1 Dealers in Coated, Bond, And Book Paper, Cover Paper, Index Bristol Board, Chipboard, Manila & Kraft Wrapping Paper, Newsprints and Waxed Paper Toilet Tissue, Napkins, Sheepskins for College Diplomas. -, -·--· I ,. ; The Uses of THE YOUNG CITIZEN Approved i11 Acad. Bull. No. 11, u rier 1935 The Director of Education, in his letters of Nov. 4, 1937 and J an. 14, 1939, indicated the following points: 1. The YOUNG CITIZEN is ideal for audience reading, group projects, and ~lk . 2. The YOUNG CITIZEN can be of much help in. encouraging reading habits on a voluntary basis. 3. Authority is given for the placing of one or more subscriptions for · evuJ classroom (including barrio schools) of Grade II and above. 4. In addition to subscriptions for classrooms, several subscriptions may be placed for the library, and one for the Home Economics Building and one for the shop building. ' 5. The YOUNG CITIZEN being the only magazine ever published in the Philippines for children, the Bureau of Education has taken much interest in its development. 6. Subscriptions to magazine intended for pupils should be ·~m full year lntsis. This magazine is published 12 times a year COMMUNITY PUBLISHERS, INC. MAN I LA ~ ""''"'""'"'""""'*""""""'-"""''i " ' ;..,_,,,, .......... ,_ ... ,. .... .. - ·-·-·"'""'""""'"""""" '"'''""""""""""'""-"'""-'"""' -""'"'"""'""'"""'"""''""""""""'" .. """"'"'""- -""'"- "'"""""'""''""'"""''' "''"'""""""-"""'"_, __ ,.. i_i'.,i' COMMONWEALTH OF THE PHILIPPINES . i,,-···-·''': I D eparcment of Public Wor~s :ind Communications Manila SWORN STATEMENT (REQUIRED sv AcT 2580) The under~ig:ned, Community Publishers, I nc., owner or publisher of THE YouxG Cn1zEK, published monthly in 'Manila, Philippines, after having been duly sworn in accordance with law, hereby submits the following statement of ownership, managemen_ t, etc., as required by Act 2580 of the Philippine Legislature. Editorifl/ Director: JosC E. Romero; Editor: Bert Paul Osbon; Publishers : Comn~unir~· Publishers, Inc.; Business 111auager: E. G. Rosales. Owners or stockholders holding one per cent or more of interest, stocks, bonds, or other securities : V. G. Sinco, Manila; Jose E. Romero, : Manila; l\lfanuel C amus, Manila ; N arciso T o'rres, Manila; and Philip Weinstein, M anila. (Signature) Community Publishers, Inc. (Ow ner or Publisher) ( S~d.) E. G. ROSALES Subscribed and sworn to before me this 4th day of O ctober, 19.p. [SEAL] ( S~d. ) C. ~ L l'ICACH E 1--···-·····, . , .... , .... ,. ... ........ .. _. __ ,_., . .,.,.,_, ... Notary Public TEACHERS, PUPILS, AND READERS! THIS IS WHAT YOU HAVE BEEN WAITING FORREAD IT AND READ IT THROUGH Did you ever do something interesting and worth while? Have you had any experience in doing any of the following: (1) Collecting.Philippine Shells, (2) Hunting Turtles, (3)Mloring a Volcano, (4) Catching Sharks, (5) Markjng an Aquarium, (6) Coll~ting Postage Stamps, (7) Visiting F amous Churches of the Philippines, (8) Making a Garden, (9) Raising Flowers, (10) Making Candies, ( 11) Building a Sail Boat, (.12 )" Hunting Wild Animals, ( 13) Baking Bread or Cakes, ( 14) Making Articles of Clqthing, ( 15 ) Making Articles of Furniture, ( 16) Visiting, the Aquarium in Manila, ( 17) Collecting Moths ~ Butterflies, (18) Collecting Interesting Botanical Specimens, (19) Raiei.nl Orchids, (20) Visiti'-g Primitive Peoples in the Philippines, or doing many othet interesting things. WRITE ABOUT JTiJN A SHORT COMPOSITION. Seniyour ,composition to THE YOUNG CITIZEN. Each month the Editor of THE YoUNG CITIZEN will publish as many of the best compositions as spacEto.will permit. If your composition is accepted for publication, even if it is not published yet, you will becOrue a member of THE YOUNG CITIZEN CLUB W e will then send you your certificate of membership. If you send us six 2-centavo st~mps we will also send you your membership PIN ~ieh looka like this: · .. DO NOT FORGET1. To write about something interesting which you have done, such as the above titles suggest. Do not write a story which is not true. 2. Td write your name and address very plainly on your composition. 3. To state your age. 4. To address your letters to: THE YOUNG CITIZEN CLUB Care of COMMUNITY PUBLISHERS, INC. P. 0. Box 685, Manila, Philippines.