The Manila Guardian

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Part of The Manila Guardian

Title: The Manila Guardian
Issue Date: Volume XII (Issue No. 7) November 1950
Year: 1950
Language: English
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extracted text: National Heroes' Day Number NOV. 30, 1950 VOL. XII No. 7 INDEPENDENT FILIPINO MONTHLY MAGAZINE FOUNDED IN 1937 In This Issue HONORING THE NATIONAL HEROES By Myron M. Cowen A. PLAN FOR. FORT SANTIAGO By F. Ben Brillantes THE BELL REPORTAN ANALYSIS By Jose B. Fernand<'Z. Jr. I REMEMBER. WINNIE By Ernesto lfodrigue:,. Jr. THE BATTLE FOR. THE MINDS OF MEN By Renato Constantino Forty Centavos The Copy 1 I I In Memory of National Heroes ..... I GONZALO PUYAT & SONS, INC. I IMPORTERS • MANUFACTURERS• EXPORTERS MAIN OFFICE & SHOP: 190 Rodriguez A1:ias, Tels. 3-26-93 3-23-86 Manila BRANCH STORE: 628-630 Rizal Avenue INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY OF PHILIPPINES I (.November, 1950 THE MANILA GUARbIAN P~ge. 3 ~ •, m ·THE MANILA GUARDIAN , Independent Monthly Magazine I ~ Founded ID 1987 ~ --F. BEN BRILLANTES if Publisher ~ MOISES 'l'. GUERRERO Editor I MILAGROS A. ROMULO ~ BuSiness Manager -· m A. LANDICHO i CELERINA PURI.A Advertising TABLE O!i' cONTENTS Page EDITORIALS - ---- --'--- - --- - - -- - -- - -- - -- - 3 MESSAGE ------------------------------- 4· Br Gil J. Puyat HONORING THE· NATIONAL HEROES ---- 5, Br Myron M. Cowen A PLAN FOR FORT SANTIAGO---------- 6 • Br F. Ben Brillante's THE BATTLE FOR THE MINDS OF MEN __ 7 By Renato Constantino · I REMEMBER WINNIE -------------------'-8 Br Ernesto Rodriguez, Jr. THE BELL l;\EPORT-AN ANALYSIS ----- 9 By lose B. Fer"f'ndez1 Jr. A .FRIEND IN DEED --------------------- 11 By Moises T. Guerrero 'WREATHS OR CORONETS, WHICH? (A Poem) --------------------------- 12 Br T. D. Agcaoili l'OR FREEDOM AND DEMOCRACY-------- 15 By Salvatfur P. wpez POWER IN THE SONG OF "WEAKNESS" __ 17 Br· Raul S. Manglapus PICTORIAL ---------------.,-----------.--- 18 THREE MISSIONARIES I KNEW ---------- 22 Br Yang Sepeng OUR DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR CORPS ABROAD -----~-----------'--- 27 Br Dioscoro L. Tokntino OUR COVER: Object· of .konw,ge by mam.y a widow and .orphan tAJda:y, ·National H erOes' Dt1111, 'UliU be the lone Cf'OBB in F_,M>t Santiago whWh was . ereoted -bu the Philippine Ez-Politicai Prisoners' Associa.tdon tO mark tke CoMon gMve. of h"Undred& of vicfiini,s of Jafianese brutaiitu -during tM occupation. 'l'KE MANILA GUARDIAN IS .P1JBLISBED IN THE CITY 01" KANILA, PllµLtPPIN.EIS WlTH EI>rromAL AND BUmNIESS-· OFFicr.::8 AT ROOM 601 SA'HANILLO MJDG., ESCOLTA. F. BEN BRJLt.ANTl!lS, .PUBLl'SBER; MOISES r~ ~o. EDITOR; MILAGROS A. ROMULO, BUSINESS MANAGER; ~O SOMER.A. MANAGER.. WIASHINGTON MJREA.U, 806 Dt\M BLDG.· WASHINGI'ON D.0., JOSE iJ. BALLES111!lROS. MANAGER. HONOLULU BURJ!JAU, HON.OWLU, RAWAU. ENT.EIRll> A6 SECOND CLAaS 111.A'ITER A'i rBJ!I MANILA POsr OP!FIOE ON NOVEMBl!lR 11, 19fe, SUBSCRIPTION MusT id!I PAm IN A!I>VANCE AND AaDDBESSElD DliRECTLY TO THE PUBLISBER. ::r~:~~~ MaNTHS. FOREIGN, DOUBLE 1- LQCM,o M't't>S £bitorials NATIONAL HEROES' DAY Today's National Heroes' Da:y celehration will center :in Fort Santiago . whm the Philippine Ex-Political Prisoners' Association is holding its traditional ·memorial rites. The setting of today's observance brings nearer 'to us the Sacrifices which our national heroes .$Uffered that our nation:_ may be what it is today. It matters not whether we have in mind the hero who challenged the first foreign invader who set foot on OU! sicred shores, or the hero who tried vainly to t ' smuggle an important message fi-om Manila to guerrilla headQuarters. in the ''motintaiiis durln~ the Japanese occupation. Their motives .were the same anif that is love for their country. We need m.ore- than ever the Sl>irit of self-sacrifice which our national lieroes showed in-their davs. We need to rede.dicate ourselves to the principles for wlrich they ilied. · Our national heroes ·taught us ~at love of country is not mere lip worshlp. They taught us that it is sometlring e1se than idly memorizing patriotic poems and singing" na~ tional anthems. They demonstrated patriotism: as ·positive, concrete and decisive action. When every Filipino gball have realized 1this meaning of love of country defined by our' national heroes, we shall then have no fear about the destiny ·of our nation. It is well therefore for us to ·ponder deeply llito the lessOns that olir na.tionai heroes taugi>t us that we may emulate them and -make , t.liem a pa?1 M our .daily existence. , __;,,,oo--TAXES AND THE BELL REPORT -THE l!P.11 Mission in its report to President Truman 'has - n:icomme11ded a.molig other thj11~, i:i:reater production~ a··~~ divt~rSifiP.d econ0Jliy~ and a hii;rhAr fam;lv incftme for :indtt&o ., tr1i:il and aP.Xicultµral laborers "Rll;of whiCh will grea_tlv:> ~~ tribute to the enhancement of free institutions in the Philip: pines". · · · · The rP.port furthf"'" .dresses the fact that one of the main causes of the present. difficult eConnmic. situation in the country is the failure to improve the eff;dencv of our produr,tion. A. olan has been advanced to remedy thjs situation and tliis is int:ffl!A!iiP- 8.ctual' capital investuvmt. However, it is to ~ realized th~t an increase in capital investmeJ!.t partakes of the nature of lo~-ranFte ·nlartni~ and therefore no aporeciativ~ ~neficfal res~tlt "!01:ld follow but V\ithin a SP"'!1 of a. feyv yea:s. The need. is urimed1ate and one way to reah7.P. this is fu 1ncrease effici~y. But· how cah we increase efficiency under the present set-up? · - A~in 'it must be realized tha't. the main spur on efficiency in produciion is profit and i~. follows therefore that· the Industrialist . would try to att-airt the highest efficiency to make a profit -if be 1:"an. .. There are however sonie·causes which will stand in the way·and these are the non·pf'9(iuctive . elem~ts which he has to overconie In one way Ol' another. · · · This brhlgs us· to the qtiestion of taxes, also taken up in ·the Bell report. If we have to pay such. taxes as tpose that constitu,te 11. determnt to profits. production will undoubtedly b~ slowed down. Xn revising our tax structure, it is very im»or:tant therefore ~hat we should avoid those taxes that might impair the cost of pr.cidu~{on as otherwise no matter how JDUCh productive efficiencY we may attain, these will hamper our goal tO higt.er production. This pqsslb(Continu.ed 011 __ pall:e 3.~l , Page.+ 1HE MANILA GUARDIAN GIL J. PUYAT MESSAGE ·Once again the Philippine Ex-Political Prisoners' &sociation joins the nation in observmg National. Heroes' Day. The cowitry has seen fit to declicate this ·day to honor our heroes, swig and· wisung; patriots who made the supreme sacrifice so that liberty, democracy, dignity and decency might perdure.. · At the Associetion pays its tracli.tional homage in this !>allowed resting place of these heroes in fitting ceremonies, we -the members, have focwed our thoughts today on these countless brave men and women who would be with us today had they chosen to bow to the will of the enemy in exchange for their liberty. But they chose to die rather than help the cause of the invader. It matters not whether the help they had refused the Japanese might have been harmles information or something of fundamental importanCe to the enemy's cause. The reason wast the same-to preserve free· dom and decency. . We, the living, honor well these unsung heroes by remeinbering the loved ones they have left behind. Many a war widow or orphan today. is 'living ip abject misery because man's IDeDJCIY is short. · Many have forgotten that . the supreme sacrifice our kiJis had paid was for the interest of all who truly love democracy and what it stands for. One of the avowed objectives of ,the ·Philippine Ex-Politic8l Prisoner•' Association is to help in every possible way deserving war widows .and. orphans. To ibis end everybody could help, thus honoring, not by mere lip worship, the memory of our heroes who died that we may live. November 30, 1950 (Sgd.) GIL J. PUYAT . . Presitknt 'Philippine Ex-Political Prisoners' lluociation November, t95f ._November, 1950 · nm MANILA GUARDIAN P.agej Honoring The ·National Heroes By M~ M. Cowen ~ he Am<lrican:people unite with all other freedom-lov-men Slid wom~n, Filipinos and ,Amerii:ans alike and others . ing peoples of the world today in paying high tribute who met a similar fate on the death march, at Cdillp O'Don, to the countless men and women of the· Pl:iilippines,· nell, at Cabanatuan, at Palawan and at the1 Davao prisonei;s !hO, have sacrificed their ,lives in 1the supreinely important camp; use of creating and ,defending .liberw, freedom and the de- . Today, as we depart from our daily routine to comm.,. ocratic way of life. morate the .deeds of the;:;e honored dea.d, it seei11s a fitting 1 Rizal,. Mabini, Bonif8.cio, Abad Santos, Quezon - these time to rededicate ourselves to t~e principles for which .iliey imn)ortal leaders. of the Flilipino people and others who w~re died. Both o'ur peoples, who haye ·fought and died for free-' 41s.sociated with them or -who followed in their footsteps -.,.... dom, must keep ever in wind that "eternal vigilance is the $tand out .today ·as landmarks in the onward and upward ·price _of liberty." If, in what ·we do or what we fail to do, aS mitrch of this sovereign democratic Republic. ·eecause these· individua~s. or as organizations, we are false to the basic con• kreat men lived, labOred and died as · they did, thi_s __ nation cept of govei:nment which Filipinos and Americans share ~ today stands on the threshold of greatness. They are, in the that it is a servant pf the people, not their master - to the tntest sehse of the word "natiortal heroes," from Whose exam- same extent are we destroying this way ·of life whi!h we pie yoilr n8tion and the whole world may well draw inspi:z'a- value above _all ~thers. tion _and courage with which tt;> mee_t the challenging pro- We ha~e come t~ speak of the personal liberty and the hlf.ms of the future. dignity 'of the intlividu.tl, ·which are the basis of democraqr, In recent times the significance- of this day has been as the righ'tS' of man. They are his rights in a free land._ ~-broadened and deepened~ to include the sacrifices made by ·In fact, we and our forbears have come to feel that they .,hP. Filipino people as a whole. during those four tragic years are fris .inalienable rights, an endo~ent from his Creator. of World War II - saci:Jfices ".Y"hich today Constitute as We know all too well, however, that there are -inillions of great a monument to idealism, patriotism and sell-sacrifice people in the wofld ·tQday who enjoy no such ri~hts. Tota_]. as has ever been erected in all history. itaria~ism recogni~es no right ht.it that of might. In tl:at . As I. say this I am not thinlcing of individual deedsi by large portion of the world where a totalitarian form of gov-. specific people but, rather, of the·· heroism of the whole· nation ernm.ent exists, the individual does not dare fo express his which stood fast in ihe face of _the weapons. of death and dts- own opinion. In. such co~mtries, Where m~n's ·ininds are .ritiuction, both physical and ideologic8l, which ,were used against gidly controll~, the individual is subjecte~ to a slavery __ mor(l it by the enemy. Your people suffered brutal indignities, abject than any the world has ever known. Starved f1"9m lack of food, saw their frien'ds and relatives dle Your .:People ·and mine, 8s freedom-loving peoples,. mu9! before their eyes, and yet struggled on for an ideal and_ a not stand idly by. Nor shoul4 our t8ctics in thls · •truggl~( . p_rinciple. No words of ourS can add to the glory they have af ideas be me~ely those of passive resistaJlce. · If democracY: ~ _. ~cJrieved. The world i'!. general and ·the Philippines in par- if a government of the people, by th~ people, and lor the' pOQ-. fticular. do well today to pay hpnor to these thousands of men ple - is a~ J>JeCiOUs ~ heritage as our founders·. (:Ons1dere°d pd women W}lo by their heroic fortitude established a stan- it and a's we, today, Dre convinced: that it is,· it behooves us_ to -· ,. dard by which all human Courage and sacrifice" can be mea- make it a ~al and living ihing. Jt is• imperative that t~e sured in the future. demoracies demonstrate to- the rest of the World mote ef~ More specifically, we are met here this morning to. pay fectively in the future th-m. they have in the past the innu· tribute to the scores of men and ·women who-suffered torture mei'able benefits which mankind enjoys· under self-govern· and death at the hands of _the Japanese in the cells and dark ment. It is only by making our governments democratic in dungeons of tlris historic old Fort. every sense of the,word, by assuring all men equal political, , Fort Santiago which has stoo4 here on the banks of social, economic and legal rights and privileges that we con the. Pasig River for .more than 400 years,- and under the Hags prove to our own people and to the world, at large the bene0~ _five nations, has witnes5ed the relentless mar.ch of· histOry. fits and blessings of our_ chosen way of life. It wa~ here that Jose Rizal was imprisoned prior to his execu- Let us today' re-dedicate ourselves to these high principles, lion· by the Spanish. It was here in these dark cells and tor- and by so doing, fittingly memorialize those heroes who have ~ture chambers that Fili_pinos and Americans alike-- shared .m. - died tO preserve them. No better offering could be made .in ~"llzdeal by fire in World War II. : grateful acknowledgement of our debt to them than to si.;ve ), ' I am honored indeed to be able to joU: with you today more diligently for the achievement. of the ideals fpr which ' in paying humble but grateful tribute to 1¥5 legion of heroic they sacrificed their lives. . Page.6 THE MANILA GUARDIAN · November,· 19~ A PLAN FOR FORT SANTIAGO By F. Ben Brillantes WHEN I was -m the .United States last year in the interest dom, a shrine in which ~as been pte-=~e~ed all that is ~~ar .. - of the, Philippine Ex-Political Prisoners' Associa.tion, I to lovers of Democracy. Beneath its surface are bunE!d :i:nade it a point to visit as t:nany monuments and memorials hundreds ~ political prisoners whose on1Y. crli:ne was that they , as my crowded . days allowed. By so doing, I would not only loved the democratic way of life much more than the life satisfy a cl}erished desire but at the same time get ideas . tl\e Japanes_e conquerors ·promised thern for their collab_o~'"\ Which migl~t be useful in future plans ·Of the Association for tion. / . -1 honoring the numberless unknOwn heroes who died resisl- That Fort Santiago should be preserved for its' histori4illg the enemy during the occupation. background no one woµld contr8dict. ·For more than 400 One of the memorials that strUck me . not only for its. years and under the flags of five. nations, -it has occupied beauty but ·also for its "efficient achWnistratioJl. was MouD.t a prominent place in the historjr of. Manila. - In fact it i~ Vernon, fonner home of Geor'fe Washington. The place, a still one of the most._interesting· spots in the city regardless sprawling 475-ltcre estate in Virginia, has been rest~red ana 'of ~hat it stood for during tl?.e Japanese oC.cupation. ·1B ls maintained by the Mo~t Vemon Ladies' Associ~tfon, an world history.it has been to the Philippine~ wha~ _the Bastile organization founded by Miss Ann Pamela Cunningham.; of was to -France, the '!fower to E11gland and the Morro Castle South Carolina, a.pd chartered by the state of Virginia .. The to Cuba. Like all such famous fortresses", it has been the submembers of the Association . s~rve withoa_t remuneration. ject o~ many weird and often terrifying tales of brutality Funds were raised by individual subscription and the estate and hatred. was acquired in 1858. In May, 1945, the fort was occupied by the United States ' For the ~intenance of the estate, the A§sociation de- Army Transportation Corps and was designated as ihe T.C. rives its income from admission fees. This income has made General Depot. This organization ..was respons~ble for clear-J possible the maintenance of. the property and the introduction ing away the debris and giving the bodies of hundredS of'O of all proper means of p~tection. During the, early years, Filipinos and foreign ele~ents who were killed there by the when income was . small, progressive restoration Was made Japanese decent burial. · possible by contributions from n:iembers of the Association The American forces returned the fort to the ·Philippine and other intereste~ individuals or patriotic grOups. Republic in 1949,. and since th~, administration of the place After visiting Mount Vernon, I began thinking of Fort · has been placed under the Department of Public Works and Santiaj?o and how it could be restored to its original grandeui- Cornin.unications. and splendor and as a fitting memorial to the hum;lreds of Fort Santiago acquired fame as early as 1480 when ~a martyl-s who died ln the hands· of the Japanese 'during the "Strongly palisaded earlhwork was built by the grandfatheI' occupation. I "asked myself, '~Why not ~ similar. plan for of Rajah SoEman, who appreciated. the str:ltegic ·vahie of .t~t ·-F~ Santiago?'~ . position of. the mouth of the Pasig riv"er which c9mman~ed ~ "NO doubt the government' in its long-r.ange program of and-still comm.aiids traffic on Manila Bay. · reconstruction has in mind the ultimate restoration of this T~lve bronze cannons were installed in the fort atid · hj.storic landmark. But while its immediate· attentioll is fo- these enabled Soliman to rule and cdhsolidate the fierce tribe~ ~~ed 01_1··the more .pres~ing .Public ""NPrk~ j~~s I_i~Ei roads, until 1570 when_ an expedition ~rom the Spa:iish ·settleme~ bndges, hydro-electpc plants, waterways, l1Tlgat1on dams, on the southern 15Jand of Cebu under the coll)mand of Mar-· school buildings, public edifices and other projects, it could tin de Goiti and Juan de Salcedo, captured the fort and· lea~e projects. like Fort SantiagO reconstruction which has. a sacked the city. On Ma;v., 19, ._1571,_ Miguel ~pe~. de Legaspi~ universal appeal to freedom-loving peoples of the worl<I, in first. governor of the Philippines founded the city of Manila the hands 'of private organ~tio.ps ·like for example the Phil- arid work was begun to strengb.ten the walls of the ~Qrt. · ipp~e Ex-Political Prisoners• Association. · '· In 1584 Santiago O.e Vera sixth governor genera.I. clearea I had talked this matter over with individual members the ground '01 all the 0rigin~l palisades and laid the first. of the Association including its substantial supporters and stones of the fort that was la~er to be named after him.. ·: ~· ~y have enthnsiastically endorsed a pl~n whereby Fort San· . In 1762, 16 Britl;h warships with a force of nearly 7,000 ti~go could be rec?n~tructed a~d admin~stered under th"e aU:s- salted ~to Manila Bay and laid siege on the fort. ~e Aichp1ces of the .~socrati~n,_ fol1?':111g the _lines .set by the Mount bishop of Manila, as acting governor, ·after a _token defense. yemo~ Ladies _Association m connection with George Wash- surrendered the dty to the British admiral in OctoQer of that.;, mgton 5 memonal. . , Year. The British forces pillaged the city and partially ~ The PEPPA makes no pretenses that ·it could do better mantled the fort during their year and a half of occupation< "than any other organization with similar tilimS in this regard. When peace ~aS re~tored, recon,struction of the fott starte~ But to the members 9f the PEPPA, Fort Santiago is very dear. That was in 1778.' . It is their symbol of sacrifice for the cause of universal free- (Continuml qn page 33) THE BA TILE FOR THE MINDS OF MEN By Renato Constantino DHE history. of the hwnan race is a history of wars. Men The araa. of c.on~lict is one difference, 'the.i;d_egree of· in· have fought and found the fighting costly 8.nd painful. volvement of each one of us is another. In the comparatively But they have, fought again and again. halcyon days of the past, wai·s were fought· for year$ anA ' The history of the hwnan race is a sear.ch for peace. year$. But a little behind the· lines life werit on as us~al. Eveen in the days of old when-men lived for war, there were We read in'his\ory of a Thirty' Years' Wai and a.Hundred those -who hated it and .sought t9 end all bloody conflicts. Years' War, but we do not shudder. They stopp~d fighting , . History · therefo~ may ibe viewed, in one sense, as the on SUndays and had time for love. TheY had rules 0£ war ~gle "between two impulses-the. will to war ~d the wilf · then, rigidly enforced ana religiously adhered t9, sacred by -IO peace. These impulses are -the manifestations of mat)'s tradition and not easily flouted. apposing instincts of pugnacity and gregariousness. Whe~ are .our rules of war today? Where is the field Man's gregarioumess makes him desire the company and of battle beyond whose boundaries there shall be no fightfriendship of other men, in fact makes him long for the ap-. ing?' Who shall say in a future contest: There are the combat4proval of society as 8 whole. ants, these are the women. and chiidren, _the .age~ and the sick, Man's pugnacity makes him love the chase, the contest, they are not in this fight? With the Hydrogen Bomb now the struggle and finally, the CQn(iuest. a re.ality ~here call: be no hav_pn, no refuge,_ no neutral teITi~ tory. All of us, yes, all of_ us, will be participants in the car..Although the llistinct to be -close to other human . bemgs nage, whether we will it or not. is often adequately and even magnificently fulfilled "in the The next war, if all our eff<!rts to prevent it are in. v8.in, beautiful comradeship of men in arms, it must be admitted will be different in still another respect. The!'e will be no · that the desire for close relationship with other human beings definite frontiers. The enemy will be in front and behind is more readily and more · gen<:rally fulfilled wider condi- you. In almost every country the enemy will strike from , tions of peace. without and from within. In too many collntries, the conThe struggle between the will to war and the will to flict will partake of the nature of. a civil war. peace began with the human race and has not end~d. In 'Why will the world con~~t Oe -repeated _in miniature the past, .the will to war was dominant but as war becam~ withiri many countries' in that 'most painful, -most deadly, and more c9stly and more painfU.1, aS~ the gains for the victor be- yet most loJig drawn out and indecisive of conflict~ _civil came· insignificant compared ,to the losses of life and pro- war? I have not said, who in my opinion ~ll be the principal perty involveif, the will to peace grew stronger in meii's hearts, comba~8J'.ltS. But you know .. The fact that you knmy is mi~ and now it is a mighty chorus. happy evidence of the great cleav.age we are_ face' to face with Today' men hijve-changed their position concerning war in the world today. And that is, the clue to t4e ·fourth difand peacet They have changed because the conduct -of a fu- lerence betWe"I' a future war and all past struggles. -~ture war, the conditions .of such a war, and its results, will be In the past and even up to the Secoii.d World War, aldiffel'el!t in ·many respects . from anything mankind . has "° liances were forni.ed .and broken, deii'ending on the ex~ far experienced. What are the differences between a third pediency of the moment. In the past, rulers played the powworld war and all other past contests? er game and wars were fought franl.ly for loot as in ttibal During the infancy of human history~ tribe fought tribe. times, or for empires as in the wars between Spain and. E~ ~ter, Ath~ns battled Sparta, one city-state against another. land, oi' for.#national vindication ancl-- glory as in the Ethio/In the Middle Ages, noble fought against noble. witil the strong- pian adventure of Mussolini, or for markets, as in the First <!St ones became kings and ruled nations. Then F.rani;e fought World War.' . , , England, England fought Spain, OJ>e cowitry against another. Wars were fought and peace treaties signed and then The areas·. involved became larger and larger; the tosses in·. wars were fought again .. Each time· the allies we.re different men and materials became greater and greater. , and the enemies of yesterday became the friends of today. Within the span of ·a half-century, we have seen two But now, bati:le lines have hardened, have become fix:~d and world wars-a bloc of nations fighting· another. bloc with clear. The cleavage· is ideo~ogical-it is Communism versus losses in life that staggered the imagination and left lhe world Democracy. The cleavage is wide and deep-Sn wibridgeable bleeding and maimed. Chasm. .It has cut the wor~ hi two. Because the point at A third' global war would embrace an. even greater area issue· is ideological, a future world war based ·on this issue Will of the world than its predecessors. Battleftelds will be far- transcend national boundaries. 'fhat is why I spoke of civil fhmg and numerous. Mankind -will once more have a lesson war. Men wiJI nOt fighe such a war as Americans or Rus-·JQ geography as unknown places beccime/ historical signposts sians or Italians or Chinese. They will fight 8s Communists .or :fashioned out of blood. and heroism. Truly, it "'ill ; be a D~mocrats. This as I see it2 will be the difference -between world war worthy -..of the name. · The l~t two great con- the..,, future war and all past military CC?nflicts where the flicts .. will be so· much window-dressing compared to the real appeal to nationalism was always made. thing. (Continued on page 28) Page 8 THE MANILA GUARDIAN November, 1950:_ I Remember Winnie - By' Ernesto Rodriguez, Jr. A SUGGESTION was made that because I had•been known other. . . , ~· as Wenceslao Q. Vinzons's No. 1 rival in 'the youth move- When the country was tom in two in 1933-1934 ov.!r meat what I would say here might provf' . .interesting. Vinzons the issue of tlie Hai:e-Hawes-Cutthig law, we found ourselves was. a man among men. There wa& no ueed for _thit excuse fighting each other. I think the· whole thing &ta1ted eadier. · really/ Vinzons. would have been just as great il he had no h seems that during that historic. demonstration he organized enemies. It is true he died in the hands of enemies and his to protest· aga;,;st the F~stin rider in the House appropriations martydom has become one of the most important highlights fu m~asure, I did n.ot give him the full ·support that he hacl.the glorious epic of our resistance and .in the labor pains of asked of me. It seems I had a different conception of h~ oui- eventual 'redemption. The death of WeJ,lceslao Q. VinzonS the protest. could have been made more effective. As it waerwas in keeping w:ith the promise: it was ·the· death of a rebel that demonstration put him in. the. limelight and from then and a h_ero. Indeed with the passing of the year~ his great- on, Vinzons had become .a young man's hero. Well," late ness will be more pronounced and his selfless sacrifice for our in 1933, I organized the Real Youth Party and became its country and our people will be better appreciated. president. Wenceslao organized the Young Philippines ·aitd· I first met Wini:iie, ·as I was later to call him fondly, in became its president. He supported the leadership of Osmena the momlllg of July 25, 19.31. 'I remember the date distinct- and. Roxas; I supported the leadership of Quezon.' It was ly because it was my birthday and it was the foundation day really an unequal figh~. Quezon won because he was Quezon; pf the Ccrllege Editors' Guild of the Philippines. I had called Wenceslao favored admitting old people of kn.own liberal terifor that. day a meeting of the editors of the University of the dencies into the folds of his· youth organization; I opposed the Philipp'mes, tlie University of s~nto Tomas, National Univer·· idea and maintained ··that a youth moveme.D.t to he properly sity and the Ateneo de Manila. Winnie' came with Salvador P. a. youth' movement mU:st not have anything to do -with old Lopez. Jl:e impressed me as a very modest and genial young people. Not that I had aJl'>' ax to grind against oldsters; I man. I was younger than he was, but that did not seem to only believed that the old politicos were chiefly responsible for<!' be a barrier to the facility and felicity w:ith whioh he we!- the nation's ills. , · r coqied me to his circle of frien,ds. I found in him en enthus- • all this issue, Mr. Vinzons and ~ -went to the people; On - iasti.c supporter of my manj" ideas on college j~lism and the HHC issue he was wiJ:h the pros, and in the natural the youth movement. It was in the CEG where he met Li- course of events I was linked w:ith the antis. W eliceslao wayway Gonzales, later to become· his wife. Since J}tat day - was ably supported by enthusiastic yOung men, among tha& in 1931· until late in 1941, when I met him for the last time, Arturo Tolentino, Diosdado Macapagal; Mariano Laure!o8, through the space of of de~adet.. Wenceslao Q. Vinzons and I 'Ben Brillantes, Donato Joaquin, Vicente Correa, Aurelio Mseldom agreed on anything. For while he agreed w:ith my vero and the-behind-the-scelies cooperation of Jose P. Laurel, ideas and sometimes mY convictions, we never agreed on the' Rafael -Pabna and 1¥anuel Roxas. Our youth party, which, .proper execution of ~these· ideas. later became the Filipino Youth, had amo!11f otbl't'S the driV~! We fought consistently, but I do not remember of any ing force of stalwarts like Teodoro Evangelista,: Lorenzo Susingle inStance when pei:sonalities entered- into our polem:cs. mulong, Felixberto Serrano, Emmanuel Pela.eZ, Macario Z~· It was probably because I was nattirally attracted to him and muco, Edmundo (#a, Sofronio Quimson and Fred Ruiz Cashe Was fond of me personally. It was not unusual therefore, tro. . - ,{ that after very exchange of sirong words on the platform, In the 1935 elections for the presidency Of the Commo11;; on the radio, or in the press, we would break brelld together wealth, Wenceslao supported General Aguinaldo and I sup~' in some downtown restaurant or at his room at the YMCA. ported Manuel Quezon. It was no fight ag8in. But it· must We would fight often and hard and passionately for what we be said to the eternal credit of Vinzons, that he made Agtiithought .was right and still remain friends, bosom friends. naldo win in his home pro$ce, Cama~es· Norte. Htire ·He. was obsessed, as I '\_'Vas, about organizing the youth was a clear instance of the strength of Vinzons as a politfual as a militant group to fight for reforms in the government. leader. - During the first days, nay.the first years, we dedica.ted our ef- Wenceslao Q. Vinzons had also been elected a delegate forts to the unification of the students. When we fleeted our to the Constitutional Convention; as a matter of fact he was first set of officers in the College Editors' Guild, I, .who as the youngest delegate elected to draft the charter of our com: founder· should have had the fo:st crack at the presidency, w:ith- monwealth and our republic. Much later he was electc~ drew and asked for the honor of nominating him to the pre- provincial gove:inor and then congressman from Camarines s.idency of the College Editors' Guild. He won naturally and Norte. In all these elections he had wrecked the political· he was grateful for my support. To this day I am keepjng a machine of old guard politicians in. his province, by' his sh~':' l~tter he had sent me thr.nking- me for my gesture of with- eloquence and ullusual gifts of -leadership. ~ _-_-. ,drawing in his favor. As editor of the Philippine Collegian, he They say Wenceslao Q. Vinzons was a suckel: for. loo\ fought ,.,1ways for the things he believed in and' was resentful causes. In life he always supported causes that could Dl!I .._ of any attempt to muzzle ~im. or influence him one way or the have won at the time he fought for them. Here was his most November, 1950 TIIE MANJLA·GUARDIAN Page 9 tHE- BELL REPORT - AN. ANALYSIS By Jose B,' Fernandez, Jr. The Philippine Bank of Commerce . . ~ HJ1: 24.man Bell Mission, _after more_ than a month's stay . made the. base. In other words, on the basis of approximate· ·~ in Manila, has ·made a searching analysis of the economic ly · $300,000,000 ·earned last year on account of the exports as .. well as the soda! problems confronting the young Re- of goods and services, -the $?0,000,000 aid. represents an anpublic and has recommended a 7-point program. The .first nual ii;icrease in dollar availability of ·16 percent to the eco'.six: recommendiitjons repr,esent the l\1ission's idea of tile Self· nomy. 1 , - help measures which the Philippines can and should at this Although the figure then does not appear. as large as ~e undertalte: The seventh recommendation indicate!i an ECA aid ha~ pfoportionatel:v for certain European coUntrles, ~t.ial ,figure of $250,000,000 .which the Mission believes, it asswnes much more significance when related to the amount should be Aml!rica's material contribution to the overall pro- of capital goods importations both in 1949 ~nd in 1950. During . gram. this period, bnportation of cApital goods h.ad been proceed· . That the Mission explicitly conditions the aid on steps .. ing at .approx;matelv a $50.000.0QO per year rate. Should <ibein~-taken to achieve interiial reform and the necessary the contemplated aid ·of. $50,000,000 per y-ear be earmarked sacrifice involved in a program of self-help, is not particularly purel\r for caVital ~oods importation, it will be seen that . a . i~p.ortant. The implementatfon of worthwhile reforms shol.1ld doub):ing o~ impOrted capital goods investments ~an be .expectbe carried o~t, .the withholding of' Amelican aid regardless. e~. In terms of aggregate domestic investment-however, the The willingness to correct ftindamental maladjuSbnents must si7e of the propo~ed aid is much less significant. In the ·postnot be bartered for dollars and an artificial balancing of war period, this has been ·estimated rOJ!ghly by the Bell Misdollar a.id against reform Seems irrelevant. Where, hpwever, si"oner~ at one billion pesos per year. It will be seen .that the 1 certain recommendations would 8.ppear to either involve the ~ontemplated aid ~ill represent a 10 percent increase i:r;:t agtransfe.r of sovereign rights or the grant of commercial privi- gregate investment. It must be remembered of course, that as }-·leges hitherto found unacceptable, then if we must be 'realis- has been pOinted out in the Report, much of tlJ.e postwar invest~tic, an appraisal of th4 aid initially recommended must be ~ents found its way into real estate, ·,increased inventories · made and placed· in the proper perspective. . an~ otller forms of trading capital, with only a min_imum The proposed aid in loan~ and grants 'is $250.000,000 over p_ortion having been chann~led into productive activity. a five-year period, or in the neighborhood of $50,000,000 per . It is "ell to keep• these magnitudes in mind to have e .year. This represents approxim8tely a percent of the total realistic .attitude- lJn wl;i~t the aid per so can or cannot accom,na!ional dollar income in 1949 of $621.000,000. It must be plish. . . 'remembered however~ that of this dollar income, approximate- It is evident immediately that permanent ·.solutions to ly $320,000,000 represents U.S.· GoVl>mmental transfers and some of the more fundamental age-old problems cited by the expenditures which.would magnify the $50,000,000 yearly aid Report ,namely, a more equit.able distribution of land, higher ~~~ a larger percentage if only ·earned ·dollar inconie were productivity for agricultural workers, lack of ~killed techni. - . . . . ' cians, etc., will f!Dt be solved ovemi_ght, neither With $50,000,admirable character: t!'•t ~ could !ight even if ·he knew 000 aid per year, nor with $150,000,000. The recommenda· all t:J;i~ odds were agamst ·him. I did not realiU: thell: th~ tio11s for the gradual solutlon ~f those problems were ne~ ~'handicaps he had to s~unt. _After the ocCupat1on, I ':as Cesserily of a long range nature .. A mc;>re direct_ approach fto taste from the same bitter cup that he had drank dunng was mS:de however, to the problems that were more· or less _/'ijte pre-war years. I like to remember ~enc~slao Q. V~n- of a pOst~e.r nature, namely, the balance of paymellts p"rozons as the _young man wh9 always kept faith with the youth. blems, the embarrassing financial position of the national gov. He.was _one who would easily and enthusiastically pick up ermnent', and th~. deterioration of peace clnd order; The a. fig~~ whenever h? knew that there was something worth attack on the first two problems especially was direct .It fighting for. He did not care what the rest of the world was believed that much of the pressure on the balance of thbUght. about his ideas. And_ a great many did idolize him. payments was due to the maintenance of money inco~s He. probably. thought that the only causes worth fighting for thrOugh goVernmental deficit spending, so in no uncertain are lost causes. As an. opposition~st, I know how it feels to terms, the correctii;m of the ·budget became the Mission's fight .. We!lceslao Q. Yinzons was the idol of the youth: sine qua riOn for.recovery. It is abundantly clear, however, he was courag~ous, because he was young; he' was~ uncom- that the Missiuh did not believe that the level of public spendproming because he w~s young; he was ambitious· because ing was excessively high, for .on the contrary, it recommends he w8s y01U1g. He died young, because he was to remajn various. increase to governmental spending indicated by its ~_-.Iways the model for the voung. ·But he would have al.ways advocacy of increased agijcultural services and health measni;nained young; because be W(!-S ~f the Stuff that patriots.' and ures, as well as an increase. in the salaries of those" in gov; .heroes are made of. It is a tragedy that·.we do not have a ernment employ. ·The balancing of the budget was .to be · Vinzons now - in the face of the current situation. Some- achieved by an increase in revenue. and to this . end, the times I wonder if. Vinzon• had not ilied in vain. ' lengthiest of the teclmical memoranda accompanying the re, P~ge 10 THE MANILA GUAfil!IAN November, 1950;' port was directed. TaxAtion then, appears to be the comer- two proposals. a~ unacceptable, is a heavy domestic excise stone of reform. tax of 25 percent which would have approximately the same ef- -"' The very comprehen'sive tax program is designed for three fed, th8.t is, to increase t~e Peso landed cost of imports for ' purposes: (1) to raise a<lditional revenues to balance the bud- the purpose of raising additional revenue for the government.· get as soon as possible; (2) to shift the incidence ·of taxation As a method for collectlng .revenue ~ely and simply, the. from those less able to those in a· better position to pay; tax on sales of exchang~ is, without q'uestion the most desirable .. and (3) to serve as a tool for directing investments. away Assuming a level of imports at P600~000,000 this coming year,. frotii the Jleretofore popular trade and real estate chanm"ls with one-half of the imports falling under the exempt list; to ·pursuits of -a more productive nature. At the. same time., this, tax alone will still yield revenues amounting to P75,0.P0,8 definite effort is made to widen the 1ax base which statis- 000 yearly.· ' tics had proved to be ·cµstres_singly smalJ.in relation jo na- Who shall bear this tax~ Just as in many other form~ tional income and populatiOn. Ori top of the long-range tax of taxation, it is not at this time possible to pinpoint pre .. program, an immediate stop~~ap measure iS. recommen~ed. .eisely who shall bear the burden. Undoubtedly, the Mission Realizing that revenue from ·proposed taxes will not be avail- took into account the poss:rbility that such a tax might ~'"· able immediately, a 25 percent tax on exchange is recommend- borne by the ultimate consumer which would," of course, low-\ eel, intended to raise approximately ('.60,000,000. This, together er standards of living that are already low, and· directly con'. with the immediately realizable r«!venue .from direct . taxes flict with their expressed desire to shift the incidence of taxa~visioned ·m the tax program, is estimated to run lnto the . tion from the great mass "of low income recipients, to a small tt5o,ooo,ooo necessary to balance the proposed budget. . ·minority of high-income, high-savings people at the top. The. · Many difficulties may be encountered wilh'"\oe,i;pect to pressing financial needs of the government ha<! to be weighed the 25 percent tax on the sales of exchange for imports·. again~t any further tax inequities and it appears reason~ble It appears quite possible that such .a tax may be interpreted that their recommendation of this stop-gap measure was foundas a 25 percent tariff on imports and µ- so interpreted, will be ed on twO premises. The first of ~ese is that hi vi~w of the in contravention of the Bell Trade Act of 1946 which pro- already inflated margins available between landed costs and , vides for free trade between the two nations . Aware of this ultimate retail prices to cOnsumers of many imported article~, difficulty, the Mission suggested one alternative, that of im: and in view of increasi:pg' cOnsumer resistance to high priced posing _..a 25 percent tax on all sales of exchange. This of imported articles with a very apparent shift to domestic subscourse, is equivalent to a temporary one way devaluatjon and titutes in many cases, much of the ~ percent exchange tax . it is quite poss:ble that permission from the IMF will be would in fact be borne by the\ importer\ l,n other words, the na: • required. The third alternative in the event that the first (Continued on page 1~) OVERLOOKING THE MANILA BAY 'iuThe Aristocrat of the Orient", renowned for its exquisitlJ suites and rooms and appointments, superb cuisine and 'lovely dance music. Alr.condiffotsed , CONTINENT AL BAR FIESTA PAVILION Air-Conditioned Dinino Roo11t11 TINDALO ROOM DAO and OAK ROOMS ·THE WINTER GARDEN MANILA'S TOP NIGHT SPOT with TIRSO CRUZ and his ORCHESTRA every night from 7: 30 p.m. .MANILA HOTEL The Address of Prestige I STA. CECILIA SAWMILLS, INC. I I - l SAWMILIB; I NO. 1 TAGK..6.WAYAN t Q u N NO.' TAGKAWAYAN E zo ~ ii I NO. 3 CALAUAG :§: ! ii§if!i~t£ PROVINCE ~ Cable Address: . j::ECIL e Tel. 2-8!)-54 Codes: ABC, 7th Ed~tion - Bentley's Comp~ete Phrase , 2nd Floor - El Hogar Filipino Bldg. e ~anila, Philippines Hon. TOMAS B. MORATO Presidllnt ., r November; 1950 TiiE MANILA GUARDIAN Page 11 A' Friend In Deed By Moises T. Guerrero JI. N Washington where decisions affecting relations between lf" the Philippines and the United States are made, practices a ·lawyer who has been waging a silent fight for sblne 35,000 Filipinos. His interest in this particular work started about a year ago when the Philippine Ex-Political Prisoners' Association , sent a mission to the United States to work for the amendment ' of the War Claims Act of 1948 in which AJaerican civilian internees among others are enti"\J.ed. to behefits during their period of incarceration. Harlan Wood, a vet~ran of World War I, who is quick . to see justice where justice is due, accidentally met the mission and from that meeting emerged an assurance that he would help seek Congressional interest in a bill' giving justice tO former Filipino civilian intemeeS. The result of this joint effort is the Cavalcante Bill, introduced by Rep. Anthony Ca· valcante, ·of Pennsylvania, which seeks to ainend the war claims. act by giving equal benefits to former Filipino civilian internees as those accorded Americans under the act. Since then Mr. Wood has been in the thick of the fight, attending committee hearings, getting in touch with the War Claims Commission which has been named by President Truman to carry out the provisions of the act and .enlisting the NATIONAL support of American leaders, both in the executive and legislative bran«hes, in , which he counts with many friends. ' Only recently, he obtained an important ruling from the U.S. Immigration office tQ the effect that Filipinos, prior to July 4, 1946, were -American nationals. With this ruling HARLAN WOOD . which is expected to be adbpted by the State Department, less legislation may be required on behalf of Filipino claimants under the war claims act. His interest however is not limited . to the claim of for .. mer Filipino political prisoners. Sometime ago when a wave of anti-Philippine propaganda hit the Amei-ican press, Mr. Wood wrote Gil Puyat, presiderit of the PEPPA, stating that something should be done to counteract this propaganda. uour (Continued on page 34) UNIVERSITY Member, Philippine Association of Coll~ & Universities COLLEGES and DEPARTMENTS * GRADUATE SCHOOL Master of Arts in Education * ENGINEERING Short Post-Graduate Dental Course *LAW *COMMERCE *DENTISTRY *PHARMACY *EDUCATION Architecture Chemical Civil Electrical Industrial *NORMAL * HIGH SCHOOL Mining Mechanical. Surveying Sanitary * LIBERAL ARTS Pre-Law Pre-Medicine Bachelor of Arts (Separate Classes for Boys & Girls) - • *ELEMENTARY * VOCATIONAL Diesel Mechanics Auto Mechanics Gas and Electrical Welding Radio Refrigeration Practical Electricity Machine Shop Technician For Info~tion1 write to The REGISTRAR NATIONAL UNIVERSITY . 385 Lipa, Sampaloc Page 12 THE MANILA GUARDIAN November, 1950 Wreaths or Coronets, Which~ By rr. D. Agcaoili We shall not say so many words We shall just sit quetly in the dark touching lips to lips fingertips to fingertips. • No mom,ents to waste: the field guns rumble death's undeniable call. Flowers bloom in the air then di~aJ,pear: wreaths or coronets, whii:h? For the moment we sit quietly in the night silent ·and trembling like the stars. The dawn shall come unbidden and we shall say, Goodbye Goodbye. This is the Unknown Sold.iero Joe's limbs, Marcos' toes, Carlos' arm, Ben's slim fingers; Mlle's head, the brains spilled and unretrieved in the foxhole where he fell; Steve's guts, Mary's biggest 19ss; · • Fidel's torso; and this wet heap, which is Antero's innards III We who went marching held to· the skies bright banners of courage lonely and proud. It still wanders the hills But His heart, His heart? rapid fires of decay. threw before us We who went fighting Where we stood death, also sto~d. Abov:e us eagles screamed. Beneath us the earth shook. Inside us life knew that death was whispering close by. We who went fighting were loverless except for death aD.d her quick embraces. IV The smell of death is laurel leaf, decayed. The Smell of death is million roses; decayed. We who were brave ·surrendered to our beds of laurel leaf (Continued on page 14) Compliments· of • Elizalde &. Co., Inc. r:AN~E I VIRGILIO LOBREGAT Capt •. M. PASTOR greetings from Bx~Political Prisoners MANOLO ELIZALDE, PEDRO E. TEODORO FLORO POLICARPIO. November, 1950 THE MANILA GUARDIAN Page 13 , 'fhe Bell Report ••• (Continued from page 10) tional government would merely share in the windfall profits that have accrued to importei-s as a result of controls. The second fundamental premise· would appear to be that the increase in prices to consumers of some items regardless, the necessity of putting government finances in order outweighs this oeher consideration. and it is hoped that ehe longer range tax. prograIQ may be the instrwnent to ultimately solve :ny tax inequities alreadyJ existing or liable to arise because of the 25 percent exchange tax .. in such a taW' is that it normally leads to the adoption of multiple rate and discrimatory exchange practices. . It is a starting wedge in the direction. Certain importers will firid themselves unable to operate profitably under such an imposition. and will seek preferred rates and various planiiers will begin to device various categories of essentiality, seeking varying rates ·for each, .and in this conflict between using either profitability or esentiality as the standard for setting differing exchange taxes, it is not difficult to see another "wilderness of -restriceions, discriminations and arbitrariness" that has been seen to result in other countries that started aIOng this path with the best possible motives. On ihe other hand, the dangers to such a tax must be . To prevent the tragedy of such an occurrence, it would ~already presented. Apart __ from its possible shift to consumers seem that from the v~ry start, the purpose, the emergency ·-in the case of certain articles, it' muse become readily ~ppa- nature, and the time limit- foi:. the imposition of this tax be rent -to anyone that the very virtue of simplidty and e8.se clearly understood. It must be clearly Stated at the outset, of collection which it involves, may lead to its adoption by that this tax is -purely an emergency reven·ue-raising device, the government as a permanent revenue-raising measure. - and that exchange authorities definitely intend to return to Through its· use, the government gets used to _ m~king profits the normal rates after a very definite period. To prevent on exchange, making. succes~ive devaluations politically de- any upward pressure on liying costs, a very careful Study of sirable and an ea~y _escape mechanism from budgetary dif- itemS io ~ exempted from the tax should· be made, the de~r ficulti.es. At the same time, it is not ·diffiq1lt to see that such mining policy being to exciude wherever possible, items rlia procedure may encourage governmen~l subsidy of exports rectly entering into- the basic con_sumption needs of the lawsince exports become so profitable to the national governlnent. income groups. It is only 1Ulder. such consfderations t'hat this It can lead to the opening of marginal mines, of uneconomic proposed remedy may not bring in, its wake gre8ter and more industries and to permanently higher cost structures of eco- difficult problems. - nomi.c establishments as government subsidies· weaken -the Together with the- adoption of ~e fiscal measures above constant pressure_ for low~r ca:sts in a, freely competitive situa-. mentioned aimed ae ~ishing inflationary pre~sures which -tion. Finally of. course, if prolonged indefinitely, it must in. tum are responsible f9r.-bal,ance of payments difficulties the lead to pern:ianent deu.luaticm. The third inherent danger Rep.art foans towards a Co~ervative investment policy as in- . "IN MEMORY OFPIO BRUN · RAMON DE AMUSATEQUI . SPITZER" (<Jourtesy of B. DE ERQPIAGA) Legaspi Cl~y of FAR EASTERN UNIV~RSITY * QUEZON BOULEVAR;D MANILA Page 14 THE MANILA GUARDIAN November, 1950 dispensable to the attack against inflation. It lays aside for the time being over-ambitious and too rapid development. It would gear such development directly to the rate of domestic savings and to whatever aid in the form of loans and grants the country can obtain from abroad. The rate of investment of course is to be increased as savings is stimulated and many concrete recommendations. for the stimulation of savings are made. Specifically,· the nature and types of governmental securities_ suitable for investment at different levels are recommended and explicit encouragement towards the formfl.tion' of lending 'institutions that may absorb 'otherwise idle savings- fo rural communities and channel such into productive: )("l<'nc; is given .. It must be remembered, howeveF, that the fisc:::il nnFrv embodied in the tax. program will undoubtedly result in diminished savings among the .. present hig~-income group, and it must' be assumed that all equivalent amount of saving in"the great masses whose present income is so low as to permit them no savings at. all, must be achieved if gross aggregate savings are not to decline. This assumption is speculative at most, as there is no q~antitative evidence of the actual percentage of savings in various income groups~ Insofar as the direction of investment is concerned, the Report also uses fiscal measures to deter 'the continued absorption of capital into real esta~e and trading activity by imposing heavier taxes on such forms of capital. _ . It is obvious that the Mission believes that the coirtrgl of inflation is paramount at this time and that hicreases in national productivity will be best ·achieved under a sihlation where price levels and the value of the currency domestically, as well as internationally, are stable. In this regard, it "may be well to note that 0the t~eoretically sound concept that credit creation for develhpment purposes is not funda. mentally inflationary but only teniporarily so, is felt by the Mission to be uspe~ious reasoning" where "no regard is made for the conditions already existing, since even the temporary pressure it exerts at a time of great stress may result in harm of a permanent nature. Wreaths or Coronets, Which? • (Continued from page 12) V· We flew to the sun, brl'ght red in the dawnlight. We dropped blossoms ·f(,f roses, violets and marigold and black flowers beneath us. We flew to the sun spilling the fresh roses of our blood upon the fields of cloud. We crashed into the sun, the winds howling through the battered ~uselage of our bodies. VI This is the dream's ending: wreaths, not coronets, laid on the newly turned scorched earth. (We who went marching stayed up in the night, too tired to sleep, too tired to sleep.) In a world imbued with so much materialism, there de, happily, still certain things the values of which can- ! not be aptly measured by the comn!on yardstiok or weigh-1 ed on· practical scales. . · . All the misery and pain eased by one little kind gesture, the icy _indifference warmed by a friendly smile, the utter hopelessness and despair soothed by a word of ~i:~°C"~'i'n:s~sfA'Kh"."ore are symbolized by The little that you pay for ~ sweepstakes ticket becomes part of the millions of pesos distributed by the Philippine Charity Sweepstakes to ·hospitals, puericultuie centers, health clinics, lepfosaria, and civic and welfare institutions and organizations all over the Philippin..es. to h~lp these in th~ir various worthy tasks. The mission of the Sweepstakes is CHARITY - to give to the sick, the needy, the dispossessed. DECEMBER 17, 1950 DRAW (Saleo Quota - P3,025,000.00) FIRST PRIZE ...................................... P200,000 SECOND PRIZE .................... 100,000 . THIRD· PRIZE .................... ~............... 50;000 I 6 FOURTH PRIZES .............................. 12,000 each 1. ' 25 FIFTII PRIZES ....... .:........................... 5,000 each 50 SIXTH PRIZES .................................. 3,000 each 150 SEVENTH PRIZES ........................... 1,000 each CHRISTMAS PRIZE .......................... 24,717.27 and THOUSANDS of other prizes. PRICE PER BOOKLET :__ P30.25 plua Pl.20 for ~temal revenue stamp. I I SAVE A LIFE AND WIN A PRIZE I II PHILIPPINE CHARITY SWEEPSTAKES 1 1893 Rizal Av-ue M_ an i I a Tels.: 2-73-91 · I 2.73.95 I 2-78'72 2-90-72 Novenlber, 1950' THE MANILA GUARDIAN Page15 FOR .FREEDOM AND DEMOCRACY* By Salvador P. Lopez . THE OTHER DAY I came up fur in~estigation before one of and later trlillsferred to Old Bilibid .Where, in the l_!':tter,Jlart the Loyalty Status Boards of the Philippine Army. In the of August 1944, he ·was takeQ out, along with about thirty course of the testimony and examina~ion of Lyd Arguilla, her others, never to be seen again. · hUsband M?rty.el, Who .was·. arrested by_·the Japs in F~bruary So much was ~oWll 'from a confidential ,report on-·Ma1944 and is still missing; was mentioned. . . . nuel .which an Army operative had. prepared ·and ·from 'the Lyd was t~s.tifying' about_ my :Part in the activities of the few facts which Lyd was permitted ·to_.men:t;ion in the course Porch which slie and Manuel organized way back in the middle of her· testimony before the board. . of 1942 as affiliate of' Marking's Guerrillas.· )VIanuel, she said, . Thus baldly stated, the facts do create a picture of Manuel ·Was the commanding officer of the unit while she was the that is not wholly prepossessing. The Japs took him and pera'.djutant, and they received the~ instructiOns dlrect from Mark- haps· killed him, some people will- say,. but they may have mg and Y~y who hild ·placed the group directly under head- don:e so for one· reason as well as for another. He went around quarters. with the J aps, consorted with them, V\l'Orked for them; and. Though I and not he. was qn trial, the board naturally · though he may later have died at their hands, that of itself want~d to know a few facts about Manuel. The board was does not n;Lake him. a hero. · told he had been a well~knoWn writer, employed before the ?{ar in the Bureau of Public. Welfare where he continued tO . The s)ory of Manuel is the story of a hero. It is a story of work after the Exe.cutive Commission was· organized in late heroism as simple as the peasant Ilocano stock from which he January; .1942. After the 'fall 0~ Bati!-an he went 8r0UD:d the sprang, as rugged as the mountains back of the little barrio fu provinces with a unit of the Japanese Propaganda Corps. Later La Union that as the scene of his childhood and the setting he left the Bureau of Public Welfare to accept a job in the of many of his. childhood and the setting of many of his Department of Information, Japanese ~' as censor for finest stories. And I am going to tell it because it "is such a stage showS. He wrote a few stories and articles in _the Jap, story as he himself would ·have liked to tell, though it is' also controlled newspape"rs md magazines. oD. February 20, _1944, a story which none could tell half as ·well as he. he was ~ested _by tl:te K~mpetai, thrown i,11to Fort Santiago, A few days after the entry of Japanese troops in~o. Ma• &printed fTOm the Mllftilo Pon Maqari"e . nila, ManueLtol.d Pis wife: "Lfafe is not worth living without A. Administration - Insurance .. General Agents for y COMMONWEALTH INSURANCE co~ THE HOME INSURANCE CO. CI A. UNmN INSURANCE SOCIETY OF CANTON, LTD. GREAT AMERICAN INDEMNITY CO. . . . FffiB - MARINE - EARTHQUAKE - MOTOR CAR - PERSONAL ACCIDENT- W?J!KMEN's·coMPENSATION - Sl]RETY BONDS SORIANO· BLDG. Plaza C~rvantes Tel. 2-79-61 MANILA -I Page 16 THE MANILA GUARDIAN November, 1950 freedom." There was nothing declam&tory the way he said that; it was more like an aphorism whose truth he had discovered anew and was now restating in bitter though not hopeless realization. I like to think of Manuel saying that, because the words proVide the key to all that he did later on, all that happened to .him, until that awful moment in Bilibid when he told the J aps to their faces that he was fighting for freedom and democracyBut I am going ahead of the story. The point\ is that from that time on his plans were set. He had seen the face of the invader and loathed it; he had heard the tramp. of his booted feet in the. streets and he knew that this was his ·enemy. He was not a soldier. He intended to go to Bataan, but in the confusion that 'followed the rapid collapse of Filamerican resistance in Luzon, it had not been possible for him to leave·. • 1 Manuel decided that this was his place, that here he too could fight the eneiny, at close quarters, with his own weapOns. He went around the provinces with the Japanese Propaganda Corps. It was curiosity, more than anything else, which first led him to undertake such an equivocal and suspicious activity-the insatiable curiosity of a writer who wanted to see with his· own eyes ·and to hear with his own ears the reactions . of Filipinos to the. shattering impact of the Japanese invasion. Whereever he went he found that the people were sound and steadfastly loyal at heart and the knowledge pleased him because it made him feel all the more certain that redemption would come. ' · In the Bureau of Public Welfare he gathered a nwnber of trusted employees around him and with their help tUmed out anti-Japanese propaganda on the office mimeographing machine. Thia was typical of the darmg he showed through. out, the courage that enabled him to accomplish so much under such grave risks, the boldness that was later to prove his own undoing. Yay, who had escaped to-the mountains, needed fiJnds to organize Marking's Guerrillas on a more extensive scale. She sent Manuel bundles of guerrilla receipts to be gi~en in exchange for contributions from loyal 1 and well-to-di:> Filipinos. Manuel WEµit to Worfi with more enthusiasm than discretion; he would visit memb~rs of the Executive Commission who hardly knew him and say: "I'm going to ask you a favor. I've come to you because I think you are a loyal Filipino. If you are not willing to help, we'll both forget about .it. Here's a receipt signed by Yay. She needs money' for her guerrilla force. You can write '·down the amount you wish to give." .Most of the time they to.ok him at his word and gave him what he wanted. On one or two occasions, however, he happened to approach certain officials who thought he was a spy whom the J aps had set on their trail; they therefore notified the Militaxy Police as a meaSUre of protection. In this way, the Arguilla home on Calle M. H. de! Pilar was visited by the Kempetai in late December 1943; they turned the plaCe inside out, looking for guerrilla receipts. They found none. (Continued on page 21) of Sto. Tomas ·University Manila Compliments of - LVN PICTURES Watch For.• "APAT NA ALAS" • "TAPIS MO INDAY" • "REYNA ELENA" • "SATUR" Coming Soon ! · November, 1950 THE MANILA GUARDIAN-- Page 17 --.POWER IN THE· SONG OF "WEAKNESS" ' Bl RAUL S. MANGLAPUS WE were out in the yard, on· one 0£ those rare occasions It was a motley group I had befoz'.e ID.~ but it struc;k when "thi:ough the m.8.gnanimity 8.nd benevo~ence of the me immediately that th.e great·majority of us were Catholics. Imperial Japanese Army" we were removed frorii the stench We couldn't sing our national anthem, because that was ta'and filth of the cells and allowed to bask 8 bit in the sun. boo, but We could sing sometliing just as national. as Julian: The day wns a very specia_l occ·asion and the air was Felipe's, music-the hymn to the Sacred Heart: "No Mas filled with song. This was the Japanese Military Prison at Amor Que El Tu yo." Old Bilibid, where adv8nced Pcirt Santiago inmates were Not everyone knew the· lyrics, bU.t those who didn't fol;.,ought one step nearer to rele~se, pr to. Muntinglupa, or to lo""""'d up mcrgni~icently, humming the tnne. We performed ~-a nameless grave at_ the North ~etery, a :fendition that bz:ought tears to our own eyes and a look at Today the Japanese Military Police was turnii1:g the pri- SUrprise on the faces of the Japs. . son over. to regular Military Prison. Gua.rds. . . "Very good," the. kempei lieutenant said ·"but now listen I rememberd the· date very well-Mar~h·9 1943. Th f .. to th~ Japanese §ing. We do not sing like women. We do 'day Raymunda,Guidote was trooped out Of her l~nely cell'"~d not s~g of weakness like you "Kuristiangs.". We sing_li~e made to sing before kempeis;Jap.and Filipino and Anieritan ~en, of_ stren~ and po~er. The song yo uwill.now ~ear 1s p:{'isoners. The kempeis thought they'd have· a ~ittle'celebra-. a~u~ ~ur. Empire and its ?600 years of glonous history. . . th all d I 1 J Ci Fil' . d Listen. , tlon, so ey c e a ternate y on aps . an ipmos .an Th J . 11 d · H d Americans to do their act. · · . e ap pn~oners were ca e to attention. . ~. s on · · . · . · · , hips those looters, deserters, mUl'derers. began to smg Kano But _.now th~ time w~s up and -~e. kempe1s thougl_1t ~ey ~ hi kono sor~, Kono hikari," the Niponese march .of destiny end up _m 5:1yle by making the F1hpmos an~ Amencan_ p~- that was then being broadcast throughout "Greater East Asia." soners smg ~, c~orus follow,ed by the Jap pnsoners; .. I don t They would certainly have drowned us out in a singing duel , i,now how: it happened but I found myself the cho!l'Dlaster, For they were all roseate, healthy with the daily sun and ~t a loss at what song t~ evoke fro~ tl!Ose emaciated bodies good soya-sauced food. The rice and "kangkong" were not worn doWll with "kangkong" and terture. (COntinued or? page 20) ~---···-------------------! 1-\'\'E ~ ~oINo oUR s~ IN THE REHAB. ILlTATioN I 0~a~::ti:::JSfn~~=g,:~ 1T:' ' . . INTO SMAL LOTS AND SELLING THEM CHEAP. Compliments ---·--For expert .and dependable service on REAL ESTATE APPRAISALS · MORTGAGE LOANS REAL ESTATE BROKERAGE SUBDIV1SIONS J Consult: PROPERTY ADMINISTRATION U. M. HOSKINS &, UO., INU. REALTORS Membtws: Manila Realty Board 185 David S.t., Tel. 2-99-62 _ C. M. HOSKINS Chairmam. of tM Boa-rd ANTONIO VARIAS Vice-President ANGEL G. AGUAS SeoretCllr1J A. B. AQUINO President M, C. GOCO Trea.surer of ORMOC' SUGAR CO., INC. ROSARIO SUGAR MILLS, INC. MANILA OFFICE 46 Escolta Tel. 2-71-97 MILLS: ORMOC, LEYTE FORT SANTIA These pictures, with---:. center, right, were taken du~ tional Heroes Day at Fort Sj of the Philippine Ex-Political· left s'hows part of the crowd lone cross during the ceremo1 is seen the assemblage durinj Top, iight, floral offerings, btj President Quirino, :Mrs. Trini1 late Mrs. Aurora Quezon du right, taken in 1943 by a Jap out of Fort Santiago, are .~~ C. Bennet, George Bo~ lough-_ Dick and Benito P.!!l, right: some of the widows an ceremonies during the celebn These pictures, with-.-:. ; :ception of the· one at center, right, were taken dur~g past celebrations of Na-. tional Heroes Day at Fort Saktiago under the auspices of the Philippine Ex-Political Prisoners' Association. Top, left shows part of the crowd that gathered around the lone cross during the ceremonies in 1947. BeloV:1 , Jeft, is seen the assemblage durin& the obseryance in 1948. Top, right, floral offerings, b~ made by the then VicePresident Quirino, Mrs. Trini\Bd de Leon-Roxas and the late Mrs. Aurora Quezon dU(~g rites in 1946. Center right, taken in 1943 by a Jap1.h-iese officer: and smuggled out of Fort Santiago, are _ sepy· -t?me of the.inmates: Roy C. Bennet, George Bo~ - ' .... ?'to Vabre, R. McCullough-Dick and Benito P.si. :!eft to right) Below, right: some of the widows and orphans listening to the ceremonies during the celebnition of 1947. < .. ' • SCENES '.!xception of the· one at past celebrations of Na-. fago under the auspices isoners' Association. Top, hat gathered around the ?S in 1947. Below, _left, the observance in 1948. ;. made by. the then Vlce:l de Leon-Roxas and tht; g rites i_n 1946. Center ese officer. and smuggled • ~me of the.inmates: Roy }to Vabre, R. McCul.)e!t to right) Below, orphans listening to the on of 1947. Page 20 1HE MANILA GUARDIAN November, 1950 Power In The Song ••• (Continued from page 17) good for our voices. Besides; did not the kempei say our song yvas of weakness; theirs, of strength? But this the bucktoothed Jap did not know~that we were -singing to One whose forces. were to kill forever their myth of 2600.years. But on·Marcli 9, 1943, like the eighteen millions outside those prison _walls, our voices indeed were weak. And . like the eiglileen #tillions there VYlas nothing for us to do but wait, wait in our- cells, like pe9ple were waiting in the hills and in the seething· underground-wait and-pray . . . We were inarched back to our. cells at swidown, and in the du!l twilight after the afternoon respite, we took to practiSing again the real strength of that song of weakness. ' We began _to pray again. Each of us had our own praYers, but whenever the guard would allow it and we could pray together, there was no question what it was going to· be. Woven from yarn pulled out from the blue and wh.ite Phillippine Army toWels issued to us, there lay hidden in tnost trousers pockets a rosary, a real one with- a crucifix made by skilled prisoners' hands out of the sa,m:e yarn and little splmters. There we fished out at community prayer time and, directing our minds to . the Mothei- of God, began to pray for strength,_ for victory, and for peace. Back in Fort Santiago it had been the same. It was less quiet there, the loud wailing from the torture rooms piercing the night air and the daylight ..calm alike. llut the prisoners ., there fought against torture and despair with the same weapon which we foughi the hunger and mental agony in Old Bilibid-prayer. "Through all the cells the urge was_ spontaneous, to kneel· one's knees, even if they still pained from last night's kneeling on brokeh glass, and to pray. And, what was m6re eloquently _spoD.ianeous, .we would eurn to the prayer which to us seemed most wriversal-the rosary. In cell foitrteen "Ju Young Go," where I languished with fourteen others at a time,, Guillertno Victoria, the counterfeiter, Jose Lubao, the looter, Alfredo Filart, :the Army Lleutenant frbm the Baguio Academy, Nelson Van Sinclair, the non-Catholic American who was contact 16.an -~nd supplier of Guerillas, prayed together to the Mother of God. Those ignorant of the O~ Father and the Hail Mary received instructions from those who knew through furtive whispers-for the guards would allow us to pray at times; but never to talk to each other. The- ahnond-eyed kempei san, peering through the tiny window into our celi, smiled quizzically at fifteen enemies of Japan kneeling together, muttering "Kuristiang" prayers, and counting on their fingers! He pro. bably thought the finger-counting was our Christian parallel to the ,ceremonial clap before the Buddhist shrine. In old Bilibid we didri't have to count on our fingers, we had, as I mentioned above, fashioned roSaries out of towel yam. We dreamed of taking them home with us as souvenirs, if we were ever released. But one day the fat prison warden had us lined up in the yard, had our pockets searched for our rosaries, expressed regrets at depriving us of our mementoes of "Kuristo" and had them all burned. One of the guards explained later that the warden feared (Continued on page 34) .A Built-In HOME~ FREEZER -in a refriQeratorIt'• Amerlca"s. "most wan~ refrige-· rator! It's the Philco 893 ... for the u11most In wervice, convenience and quality at a real value-giving price! And tbls great PbllcO Advan.ced Design Refrigerator ls big . . . 8.1, cubic foot capa.clty with 16.2 square feet of sheH area. Comeln and see It nqwl PHILCO REFRIGERATOR ff EACOCKS '1IP. The Store of 9uallf1 ' .. M to !.:; "'PhHooD f''~'·~ ·~'ID 9:00 to 11:30 to 12:00 P.M. Mon- everY Sunday & Th~1·s .IPlllllR Noven:iber, 1950 THE MANILA GUARDIAN Page 21 The first familiar face I saw in Tutuban station vvhen I '-arrived from ·capas in January 1943 was Manuel's. He had seen my name in ihe papers the day' before and had come to meet m.e. ) "The Japs want you in the Department," he said. "I don't think there's anything you can do about it." . I knew that, because one week before leaving Capas, I had received an order from Japanese Army Headquarters commanding; me to ·report there upon my arrival in Manila. Manuel told me not to worry foo much aboutit. He lrimself was there'; besides there was important work thci.t we could do together-"right under the noses of ·the Japs," was the way he put it. . . ~It was his failure to mind one such exreption, I think, that final- ly got him in trouble. Sometime in early February 1944, one of our couriers was.intercepted. When the Japs let him <mt a few days later,. we knew that they w;ere· up to -something. The courier sent word to Manuel and Lyd to get out of tovvn iit once: That s~me evening they left their home in Ermita and caine to the house to pass the nig~t. They carried a small leather bag and SO CENTAVOS PER PACKAGE PAYNO MORE tlner.~\ldeund More £njoyu~le / U, S, TOBACCO CORPORATION 24th & Boston Streets Port Area, Manila a portable typewriter; they were leaving next morning by train, they told us, for Pangasinan. Later on, they were going to join Marking and Yay in the mountains. We were worried, and they tried to reassure us. "Nothing is going to happen to you, whatever may happen to Lyd and me," Manuel said. And I believed him. After two weeks in the provinces, and believing, erroneously as it turned out, that they were not wanted by the Japs, after all, they returned to Manila on a Satuiday aftemQon. They §tayed in their home all Sunday. Monday morning Manuel went to his office--to resign, he said-while Lyd proceeded to her dentist. Shortly after noon, just as he was typing out his letter of resignation form the Hodobu, Manuel was arrested by the f{empetai. Lyd, retrirning home from the dentjst, was intercepted a block away from ho,,;e by her youngest brother, who told her not to proceed as the Japs were al.ready there. At four in the afternoon, ·we got her. frantic telephone call at the house .• we did not know they had come back, and we ~re surprised to hear her yoice over the telephone. . ~·_1 have gotten separated from M," she said: 'Il you see him or can send hiin word, just say that I have gone ahead." We never did get word to Manuel again. Two or more days later, when the Japs found out that Lyd had slipped through their fingers, they threw all the members of the Arguilla ·household into Fort Sa:D.tiago; his mother, sister, two brothers, and the two-year-old waif whom Manuel and Lyd had adopted. They were released two months later, When the J aps 'were cor;i.vinced there was nothing they can do to s,iiare Lyd back to the city into their clutches. · In Reverent Memory To Nati-Ona! Heroes . ... MA MON LUK Restaurant .. MA MON LUK (The Mannd King) Propriet0'1" Main: Branch: Calle SalaZar, Binondo QUezon Boulevard Manila Page 22 THE MANILA GUARDIA!'<. November, 1950 Three Missionaries I; Knew By Yang Sepeng D HA VE missed my favorite pastor at the Cosmopolitan Student· Church of Manila-Mrs. Mary Boyd Stagg-· who, through her life II}Ore than' her S~day sermons, had brought rmbelieveFS .by the thousands to the feet of >be. Master. · So have other church-goers by the hundreds. They certainly would not hear or see her again, not until the day "When The Roll Is Called Up Yonder." . Mrs. Stagg, or "Mother Stagg" as every one U~ed to call , her, Dr. Hawthorne Darby and Miss Helen Wilk, the last twO being former director and manager, respectively, of the En:up.anuel Cooperative Hospital, have paid a great ,price with . their lives for their unswerving and unselfish devotion to the Filipino people during the enemy occ~pation. Yet· th'eir sU- . p'reme sacrifice is hardly known outside of the members of the Cosmopolitan Student Chw-ch. For that maeter, there is no one tottay who is working for the official recognition and reward of their services in the resistance movement. KnoWing Mother Stagg, Dr. Darby and Miss Wille as I do, I am absolutely sure, hOwever, that if they were 8.live today, they would not even like thell: work mentioned much less demand · compensation for their services. WAR was already a certainty as the year 1941' drew eo a · cloie and many Americans, ofraid to be .caught in the Philip- · ·complimenl1$ .of: 6IGAR & CIGARETTE FACTORY ' - - - - - - - - - - f-29 Asuncion St. Manlla ., pines which was sure to be. a battl~ground, hurried ho~~ ~ any availa_ble means of transportatjon. There were~ howevert m_~ny who considered their business and person.al .inte.I-es~ in this country too valuable to be abandoned so' that they deccided to remain come what may. Not a few held .. tl:ie beli~f that American might would be able )o. repel any attack 91\, U.~. defenses in the Philippines,. l_J.e~ce they disregarded the_;, warnings ,Of the times, only to" find themselve~ at the m~ of the Japanese.cotiquerors ·barety three ~eeks after the ttel!~ chery on Pearl .Harbor. But the three WQD).en, wh~se. work among the Filipinos waS a life mission, were i:iot alarmed at the 8pproach of war and stOically, if not. gladly,. f~ced .. the. inevitable. 'For com~::: pletely imoring the war the brutalities .. of which were daily enacted ln China 8nd EW'Ope and continuously reported in the Mtmila pl".ess, these. three heroes and m~rtyrs of the re~ sisfance moVement ·did not regard their stay from· the mere love for adventure 8.nd excitement. It. w8.s rather a chance · ip a lif~time for them to prOve to themselves that as missionaries the mere approach of danger woul4 not shake their will. When nunors of war .persisted, friends urged Mother Stagg, to go home to the States. But realizing her Christi~ stewardship, she refus_ed to leave, saying that her place wa~ here in the Philippines and that the Filip in JS: needed her. ' N AlJ,T I CA;L PHILIPPINE MERCHANT·MARINE SCHOOL AUTHORIZED BY TllE OOVERNMENT _ FOUNDED. BY ~ERAN SEAl'A.BING MENI (Mu~P~u~~r~'s=!~d~nt) (Seam~;~· 9~v1!.~nLg_pt.),, . .. <Japt; J, SANTOS , (Malter Jn Charae Of TSY Y'Sea ·Belle JI") Lectures will be conducted by veteran eeafarlng men. November, 1950 THE MANILA GUARDIAN Page 23 ~· ~- The war overtook Mother Stagg here; so it did Sam Boyd, the Japane_se when her work and those of Dr. Darby and Miss !one of her tvvo sons. Lionel Stagg, the other son, was in Amer- Wilk assb.med a different nature. ica then. So were Mary Stagg and Margaret Ann Stagg, the The philosophy of complete self-abnegation and the unlatter of whom Mother Stagg was able to send home shortly shakeabl~ faith in Christ's promise of finding life after losing before the outbreak of the· hostilities. it for His sake, proved to be of tremendous influence in the I met Mother Stagg in 1939 and shortly .after I was con- social service and underground work of the•three women. As verted to Protestantism. The spbntaneous friendly fraternity, if careless of death, they were absOlutely unafraid, and alnlost the harmonious and affectionate church atmosphere that im- immediately following the entry of the enemy troops in Mamediately impressed me worked- toward my speedy conver- nila, Mother Stagg, Dr. Darby and Miss Wilk were upon sion. The sincerity ~d honesty seen by outsiders were only tasks that did not appertain .t~ women of their training. long-range, though Wmristakable, insight into her personal Unlike all other Americans, they were never concentratcharm.. She possessed a power in her soul which was not hard ed at all, except after their arrest in 19~ . Fortunately or un"to the touch, and seemed to give w'ay before other physical fortunately, their connection with the Cosmopolitan Student )'bstances, but slowly permeated and calmly consumed "with · Church and the Emmanuel Cooperative Hospital which the ~~b.e patience of ~e years," the hardest granites. For,si.x: months Mrs. Yang, my wife, stayed with her and she was ·so _charmed that when she left, her respect and affec-. tion for Mother Stagg grew beyond bounds instead of dimi:6.ishing which usually happens after a long association. Words are_ inadequate to describe the tenderness and aflection whlch characterized the life of Mother Stagg as a missionary and' social worker. She was so wiselfish that the interest slie took upon people, whether in trouble or not, was indeed a warin love which .... one experiences only with ·his or her own mother. She was so prepossessing that her life was like a magnet that draw iron filings towards her. Such qualities accounted for the large number of cOnverts to the Chris~an faith for the twelve years of the Staggs' ministry in the ;.Philippines prior to the war, not .including the period Wldei' Make your sewing a pleasure with-· "AURORA" Se\Ving Machines Guaranteed Against Mechanical Defee.ts I I I (ATRAS-AVANTE) 1 I Available In I TABLE & CABINET MODELS 1 , MARVEX COMMERdAL co., INC. 11· Manila Omce: Oebu Branch: -~U~~!V~- ---~-!I~!:_ ------- - - - - - - II II ,I II II I' Gener~! Lines of • DRUGS e. PHARMACEUTICALS e CHEMICALS •. COS\VIETICS , FARMACIA CENTRAL, INC. WHOLESALE & RETAIL.DRUGGISTS p r e-s c r i p t i o n s I 11 Manufacturers' Representatives I ' 148 ROSARIO, MANILA TEL. 2-62-90 1 1 HERES a TIP for EVERYBODYI FOR COMFORT and -EASE DINE ot :l.J.ecta 0 *~elltnl ifr111f 3 lisAes (./; AMERICAN PURELY NATIVE MERIENDAS AT POPULAR PRICES WE M,AINTAIN CURB SERVICE FOR YOUR CONVENIENCE ALL- KINDS OF DRINKS AT REASONABLE PRICES S l DEWEY BOULEVARD e ecta. OUR SERVICE IS ALSO ,WAil.ABLE AT AZCARRAGA . . SELEcrA (OFFICIAL CATERER FOR CLUB FILIPINO) Page 24 TIIE MANILA GUARDIAN November, 1950 Japanese believed conectly as indigenoU.s, accoi-ded them freedom. So_ their religious and social service work suffered no interruption. Their immunity affected Sam Boyd Stagg .and Clara Ruth Darby, a sister of Dr. Darby who had been a U.P. professor. While others were panic-striken, moving uneasily from one place to another, th~y remained at their posts. During the first three months of the occupation, their underground activities were very meager, consisting merely of keeping up morale among the population ihrough assurances of ultimate victory for the· Allied· forces, transmitting news broadcasts which they heard over their clandestine radios, relaying morale-building information and the like. Their church work was taking i1,1 more of political propagandizing than "spreading the words of God." . In fact, they realized their responsibilities as the only representatives of America· in the midst of a p~ple that was in need of strengthening. As the Bataan-Corregidor campaign closed and guerrilla · resistance gathered momentum, their aGtivities extended to charitable work. They gave away clothing; medicines, foodstuffs and money frOm out of their own savings, and however hidden these ministrations were done to returned soldiers from Bataan or. guerrilla operatiVes and soldiers themselves. A Miss Consolacion Abaya, deaconess ~ho resided with the Daibys and Wilks at the Emmanuel Cooperative Hospital, testifies to the underground work of' the mission~es. She says that wounded and otherwise sick "boys" as Dr. Darby and Miss Wilk used to call the guerrillas, had been treated, hospitalized, fed and the like at .the hospital. Even the men employees of the institution that kept changing often were guerrillas themselves. Mother Stagg who lived at the parsonage had contacts-' with the Straughn guerrillas and the two others and Miss Abaya with Marking's Fil-American guerrillas. They soon solicited contribu~on from other people and gathered arms hidden in the City and smuggled same to thi. guerrilla bands. A story is told by Miss Abaya of a time when the late Cushing went to the hospital one bright afternoon. He brought away with him a radio set. In 1943 the coming in and going out ,of underground operatives at the hospital was a daily 'occurrence. The location of the hospital, being mucJl. out of the way, however, was an advantage. · . At the Cosmopolitan Mother Stagg was as much in· the risky underground as h~r two colleagues, if not_ more. She\ kept arms in the premises. It.is said that in view of the dar-) I-compliment~ Of: I 11 CABLE ADDRESS: TEL. 2-99-3.2 "NGKOK". nq, 1<JG GEN. MANAGER 910 San Ferna.ndo St., Manila • £X10RTER WAREHettTSE 211 JlUELLE LA INDUSTRIA COR. SEVILLA ST. MANILA CITY BRANCH: CANDELARIA. QUEZON MAUBANo QUEZON YAWE, QUEZON 11 COMPLIMENTS OF . TAFT AVENUE ICE PLANT . HUA TONG TRADING HEAD OFFICE: 909·19 Jaboneros Street, Mai;iila, Philippines Tel. 2·63·38 - Cable Address: QUEGUI If I SANTO CRISTO IRANC°H JABONEROS BRANCH 224·28 Santo Cristo Street 909-919 Jaboneros Street I I f' Pasay City and l __ N;;;;;;;A:;;;;;;;V;;;;;;;O;;;;;;;T;;;;;;;1\S-... IC;;;;;;;E_..,P .... LANT ... N .... ~vo .... ta .... s, ' .... Ri .... zal..!I Compliments of Telephone 2·64·08 Telephone 2·63·38 Manila Manila NUEVA BRANCH UNDERSHIRT FACTORY 469 Nueva Street 909 Jaboneros Street Telephone 2·64·0'1 Telephone 2·63·38 Manila Manila SHANGHAI BRANCH No. 'l, Lane 271, Hankow Road Cable Address: "P.uatonghon" Shangliai, China HONGKONG BRANCH 71 Connaught Road C. Hongkong Kian Lam Finance & Exchange torporation no .JUAN L1JNA TELEPHONE 2-B5-M MANILA" I. ~ November, 1950 THE MANILA GUARDIAN Page 25 ~ing activities of the three women, the flickering light of de,,,. lli.Ocracy was burning only at the Emmanuel Hospital and in the church. · Such a fervent spirit was contagious and the three women kept it spreading like particles of yeast. They won people to resistance movement and had them contribute to the c~use in varying amounts in cash or in kind. There was one Co Ban Ho, an alien who through the appeals of Mother Stagg gave to the guerrillas P85,000 in cash. For the act Co paid for his life as did the rest. Days, weeks and months did not go fleeting by but dragged on in tedious slackened pace. And suffering under the ~8els . of Japanese tyranny, the Filipinos grew i-estive. The ;cruel occupation troops, on the other "hand, understood the ··meaning·and moved to che~k the upsurge of patriotism which was as ·evident in Mani18 as it Was in the provinces although less violent. Daily raids brought brutalities, and arrests filled· " Fort S;mtiago and other prison compounds. ' Several times in 1943 the Emmanuel Hospital was raided 8nd searched, resulting iµ the ~st of some boys and punishment Of the women. But no amoUnt of punishments and threats d,iscouraged the ~omen who were already as much .a part of the movement as the guerrillas and leaders ambushing the enemy on the highw;ays or sniping at them in their garriso~ and posts. Their defiance was a constant display of val.or. They played with fire, no less. And their intensifying activities were manifested in the mounting contributions they ;:. collected and passed on to· the forces of different guerrilla ''bands. They soon had contacts with the Ilocos, Visayas and (Continued on page 26) BOTICA DE SANTA CRUZ , .. ESTABLISHED 1881 • •• DRUGS - CHEMICALS - PHARMACEUTICALS [ MAillNCKROPT ANALITICAL REAGENTS ••• LABORATORY & HOSPITAL EQUIPMENT "LEITZ" MICROSCOPES - "LEICA" QAMERAS PHOTOGRAPHIC SUPPLIES »"•« X-RAY & ELECTRO.MEDICAL EQUIPMENT 903-905 RIZAL A VENUE, MANILA TEL. NO. 2-89-68 " ... they fell ====~~ while others sleep ... " ~ur0:;ma;;I' National Heroes -/. FILIPINO BAKERS' ASSN., INC Room 326, Calvo Bldg. Escolta, Manila Tel. 2-82-89 Wear the rubber footwear which givr. you that "airlift" feeling all the time. MAYBE YOU'RE . MISSING SOMETHING .. ! ~-ft; RUBBE~ & PLASTI<; Co., Inc. Gth Avenue, Graee Park, C.alooean, Rizal Tel. (Dial to) 309 Page 26 THE MANILA GUARDIAN November, 1950) Three .Missionaries ••• (Continued from page 25) probably Mindanao. Even copies of the famous and classic Confesor letter had been reproduced by them and circulated. In one raid in which the Japanese Kempei-tai searched the hospital premises, lists of guerrillas that included their names were captur~d. So was propaganda literature. . Suddenly on January 28, 1944, at breakfast time Mother Stagg, Sam Boyd and Agustin Ortega, a dormitory boy, were arrested at the . parsonage at 450 Taft A venue. On that same day a mass arrest of suspects was made in which Juan Elizalde, Enrico Pirovano and Jose Ozamiz were among the prominent ones: Some 120 suspects were ~erded into Fort Santiago that day. The following February 4 another mass arrest was-made. This time Dr. Darby, Miss Wilk, Miss Abaya, Tito Dans and marly other Cosmopolitan Student Church members were in-· eluded. They were taken forcibly before dawn. The .charges against each and everyone were: supporting guerrillas, spreading pro-American and anti-Japanese_ propaganda, membership in a huge espioil:Sge ring allegedly headed by a colonel who, according· to the Tribune of July 11, 1944, was head of the U.S. f\rmy military intelligence service before the outbreak of the war but was able to leave for the United States shortly before Pearl Harbor. This officer referred to was probably Lieue,-Col. Evans, 8D.d ehe Japanese claimed that he was sent back to the Philippines in 1943 in a submarine. Of Mother Stagg it was also charged that she sheltered two Chinese wanted by the Jap Kempei-Mr. Go Puan Seng (Continued on page 32) 'We pay tribute to the memory of the Unknown Heroes ... 11 -:OWERS FOR • Floral Decorations~ • W eddiltg· Bouquets • Corsages J. R. ALCASID C}wner 8t Manag.er ALL OCCASIONS Basket• Wreaths• Sprays• 823 Taft Ave., Manila · Tel. No. 5-34-96. THE MANILA TOBAUUO ASSOUIATION, INU. 5th Floor, Perez Samanillo Bldg., EScolta, Manila Tel. 3-37-52 - MEMBERS.,.Alhambra Cigar & Cigarette Mfg. Co. Bagumbuhay Cigar & Cigarette Factory Bataan Cigar & Cigarette Factory Bunning & Co.,. Inc. . Chan, Wenceslao Compaiiia General de' Tabacos de Filipinas E. L. Chan Chuan Sons Co. Go Bun Kim & Co., Inc. Go Fay & Co., Inc. Gonzalez, Felix M. Helena Cigar Company " La Dicha Cigar & Cigarette Factory La Flor de la Isabela La Flor de lntal Cigar Factory La Nobleza Cigar & Cigarette Mfg_ C~. La Perla Cigar & Cigarette Factory La Serpiente Cigar & Cigarette Mfg. Co., Inc. La Suerte Cigar & Cigarette Factory Lagdamep; Ernesto V. Lee Kue Hok ' Manila Tobacco Trading, Inc. Pacific Tobacco Corporation - Pang Seng Tiac· & Sons Co. Philippine Cigarette Mfg. Co., Inc. Pioner Tobacco Corporatiori U. S. Tobacco Corporation Universal Manufacturing Company Virgjnia Tobacco & Cigarette Co. November, .1950 THE MANILA GUARDiAN Page 27' Our Diplomatic and Consular Corps· Abroad By Dioscoro L. Tolentino THERE are 17 c'onsulates, legations, and embassies located in different parts of the world, principally in Australia, South America, United States c;i."nd Europe. In 'VVriting this article, it is our purpose to consider the foreign service as a whule rather than discuss or pass upon the merits or demerits of its· personnel of, let us say, the consular system. In passing it might be well to state that tlte men heading these offices as well as those who were trained in the United !'States Department of State are, with few exception, active, 1 intelligent, and capable Filipinos, some of them shrewd 8.nd alive to the trade opportunities within their jurisdiction. Their re~ective Filipino communities have been pleased with fheir. readiness to impart whatever information they had ~hich have been of value to them as w~ll as with their apparent willingness to serve our commercial interests to the best of their ability. There exists a widespread im'Pression, however,, that the duties or' diplomatists are chiefl}r social, and that their activities in the social sphere, -are purely ornamental. To this impression, so far as it may imply that our diplomats furnish to society "the ~ass of fashion and the mould of form," the writer is not disposed to object. But so far as it may imply that their activities are wanting in serious design and practi~al Usefulness, it is altogether to be deplored. Certainly, a diplomatic representative, if he . would gain infonn.ation and acquire influence, must be active socially, must be agreable, and w:ith firmness, must blend c.onciliation. ~AMCAR c INC. If-we abandon om: attitude of superficial observation and false accusation, and inquire closely for the object to the atta~ent of which our diplomat is devoting the ·hours spent in the ·drawing rooms, as well as in his office, the chances aJ"e ten to one that he is concerned with the solution of some questions of commercial intercQurse, with the removal of some obstruction to the exchange of commodities, the amelioration (Continued on page 31) ON E NATIONAL HEROES DAY WE PAUSE AND PAY HOMAGE TO OUR NATIONAL HEROES • MANILA SURETY AND FIDELITY CO., INC. Srd Floor, Monte de Piedad Bldg., ·'°laza Sta. Cruz Manila Page 28 nm MANILA GUARDIAN November, 1!)50. Tiie Battle Of Tiie ••• (Continued from page 7) indeed have fought whenever democratic philosophy is threatened. The last important difference between. the war we may The mechanization of our civilization both in peace and yet see and the struggles of the past is that the victory of in war is ahnost comj.Iete. But men are yet expendable. To either side will . radically change the lives of at least half maintain democracy within and to spread democracy abroad ol the world. The fight between Fascism and Democracy in times of peace, we need men. TO fight. for democracy -in was .such a fight. For it Hitler and his allies had won we: times of military struggle, we also need ·men·. wouJd now be .living in the nightmare of a Fascist state. In Do yve have these men? Yes, we have believe:i;s in demo· a future war ehe siakes will be higher. In the critical balance cracy all over the world. But do we have enough firm befor us will be our econOmic and political . irl.stitutions, our lievers and ho.w can we get more? Before, we answer these social customs. our philosophy-in short our whole way _of questions let us . consider the nature of the conflict between life. The same holds true for the other side. Communism and Democracy. To swnmarize therefore-what are the differences be- This conll.iCt is ideolOgical. As such, the principal are;na tween a possible third world war and all past conflicts? Such of struggle is not the battlefield, but .the minds of men .• ID--< 8 'War would involve all areas of the World and all the peo- tinl!ltely, the conflict will be solved in the mjnds of men. pies of the world. It will be a hundred times bloodier and My concern today is not with the" differences between more horrible than anything we have yet seen. It will cut , Communism and Democracy._ My concern is how to streng~ ac~oss- the national boundaries, making counti-yman fight: then- Democracy. We are not choosing here. We have chocountryman. Lastly, its results will be far-reaching in their seri! Strengthen the belief among men in the concept of Demoimportance. cracy and, peace or war, you will be united and strong. We do not want war. Let us, therefore, talk about peace. - We in this country are so secure in our traditional acLet there be a total mobilization for peace .as there would he ceptance of this concept that too often we have allowed the total mobilization for war. But ,peace under what conditions? idea of Democracy to become no more than a catchword, a Certainly not merely the absence of military conflicts. For a vague rallying point. It is time to re·scue the word from the democracy the conditions of peace must include above all general platitudes of July 4th and National Heroes' Day speakthe chance to pursue the democratic way of life and the ers. Democracy cannot remain a general concept. It must chance to help others a~ain and retain democraCy. Peace, become specific and concrete._ Democracy can:tiot exist in a for us, is indissolubly connected with democracy and the pre- vacuum. For Democracy to survive, ie must find lodging in ser\r3tion1 of our accustomed ·Wlay of life. Our goveinment and the Jllinds and hearts ·of men, not as a sym.bplic word mere-.__ the governments of other democratic cowitries will fight and ly, but as a pattern for action. It must be learned over and eo.m.ptimtnu. "" LUZON THEATRES, INC. Operators· of the ~nU 11/.. AVE"NUE STATE RIALTO EASTERN THEATRICAL CO., INC. Operators of the LYRIC CAPITOL Nmember, 1950 over agaiJ!. It must be lived by everyone a~ all times. Its :>-cal'dinal t~nets of rule by consent,. decisions by majOrity rule, equal opportunities for all, protection of the rights ·of minorities, .freedom of speech, of thought, of assembly, and of worship shoi.tld be the yardsticks of every act of ours at home, at school, at work-in short, in every form of. relationship with our fellow men. Thus the home, the school and society m· general, ha.ve definiw and significant roles to play. Let us not consign democracy to the dead w:ords of ·a textbook or to the· pious platitudes .of an orator. let us rescue the concept of democracy and bring' it into th~ realm of life. Let us re-evaluate its meaning and in.stead of krtow-~g only what ie means, let us live Democracy! Furthermore, Het us not be content with living it. Let .us make sure that we 1\each its essence to others, and' let us insure their right to li\re democratically too. To live Democracy, and it is ready for the scrap heap-if it is itot lived, we must not limit it to -our relations with the· government alone. Let the home be a completely democratic unit nm alqng democratic Hues. ~t the schools and th~ offices be similarly run so that none of us have a chance to forget its true meaning,. so that democratic practice will become.second-nature to all of us. ' , Technically we are not at war. Actually, whO can say we are at peace? The cold war is a modern invention. The term itself is proof of the fact that the spoils of war will not be empires or markets but minds. Unlike empires 01· ni.arkets1 the mind of man is a citadel that cannot be ~tormed or ~ taken by force but must be wooed and convinced by_ straight rea59n ,and clear evidence of greater material and spiritu1tl well-being under a Democr8.cy. Technically we are not at war but . democracies are figli.ting on three fronts-the po· Htical, the'economic and even the military. .. ' The political front of a cold war on an international level is intrinsically a propaganda front. Treaties of amity, for. eign policy- speeches. regional conferences, military pacts, treaties of mutual 'asistance, statements ori the floor of the :United Nations itself, are all moves and counter moves de· ' siRDed to sway. the mjnds of men to 011e or the other side. Let us not forget that this is in essence a battle of ·ideas. Men are subiected to a· barrage of propaganda material from either side enlisting their support not so much by virtue of avowed~. ly superior force but more by Virtue of the intellectual valid' 1ty of either the democratic or communist position, We are certain of the intellectual validity and ~e e~ sential righteoumess of our democratic position. It is incumbent upon all' democratic' iiations therefore, in international relations, to show that the practlcal application of their· demo. cratic ideals resul,ts in increased fredoms for1former territories, in .enhaced civil rights for minorities in all nations. The aemocracids n'lust' seize the prwaganda initiatiwe from ,the c.ommunist bloc of nations bv '!>ting. always in the vanguard of the battle. wheneV..r individual right or national sovereigiitv is at stake. . Jn the national field, the poli&al front may be aptly ,£labeled the civil riRhts front. We have said that a war in ' which the issue is. CommlUlism versus Democracy. will irans· cend national loyalties. Therefore it is . the duty of every democratic government, however sure it may be ·of-the alle· Page Sl9 cation campaign to sell Democracy but more importantly to show the· people that their . government has enough belief in this concept to practice_ it at all times. Extremt" ca~ and solicitude tnust ·be taken to conduct specially those government functions which i;mi}inge most closely on the daily lives · of the people, in the mos_t democratic wav pbssible. Incessant . vigilknce must be observed so that,, those -government agencies most intimately related to the lives of the citizenry are alv:ays and above all democratlC. If the home of a citizen is .searched without warrant,. he will think that the guarantee of civil rights embodied in O~r Constitl,ltion is not a guaran· tee ae all. If the small crook. is .caught while the big .one go~s ,scot-free, the citizen will f~l that there is no e9uality before the law .. These citiiens may even begin to doubt democracy and doubling thus, may become prey to another ideology or at best will not be staunch def~nders of the democratic philosophy. The politicaf front is ~carcely" enough. The lure 'of Communism is most effective when it claims that Co:mn:luniSm is baSed on an economy of abundance which has greatly raised the Standards of living. of millions of people. Can you_ima· gine the force of such an argunient? Can you imagine wh8t hopes it will kindle in the hearts of men -who have lived all their lives on a semi-starvation . diet? The job of deb'iocracy on the economic front is concrete and clear. It is also tremendous! Rather than merely disprove the picture pf ComIJlunist plenty, Democracy must provide fresh hope for the· millions of under-privileged peoples in the backward areas·' of Afta, Africa and Latin America. These people have so ,Jar known only starvation and misery. They are smarting SANTA MESA, MANILA DEDICATED TO INDUSTRIAL PIONEERING AND THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT . OF THE NATION We have. available stacks of SUPERIOR QUALITY KRAFT PAPER in-mils, reams, and sheets 'of various sizes. - Contact the NOC SALES -DEPARTMENT Tel. 6-75-53 Pureza St., Sta. Mesa, Manila giance of its citizens, to conduct not only an incessant edu- · L;====================;;ll Page .30 TiiE MANILA GUARDIAN November, i950 under a sense of oppression; they feel that they ~re victims ·and economic fi'onts. Also because the dem~Cratic way of· , of economic inequality. How can they appreciate Democracy life is under propaganda bombardment by Commu~ism, the_""' under these conditions? Why should they. not ·become easy soldier ne~ds to re-evaluate his role in this fight. Today he prey to propagandists who .promise Utopias free froID. opres- is both. a military man and a propagandist for Democracy. sion and surrounded by economic abundance? How can these Today his frontline ·is not only iri frolit. It. is also behind: People love political and civil liberties, freedom of speech, For ·during every. military .campaign the soldier ·comes in con-· f freedom -of the pre~s and. freedom to wurship one's God, tact with the mass of people· which aFe caught in th~ crosswhen they constitute a mass of unlettered men ·who hav~. fire of conflict. They see-both sides. The soldier' must prove neither the ability nor the leisure to read or to think? All . his coi1duCt that he is imbued with the spiri~ of .democracy, · they desire is fr.eedcnn from the present chains· that 'shackle that he has the interests of the populace a~ heart, for these them to hrmger and privation, \O o:vpression and servitude. ·people- he is the- sym&l of government. If he is unnecessllrily These are precisely the conditions which subversive elements authotjtarian he heightens the impression that the ~venl· exploit in .the face of passive Democracy._, "' ·'merit is mttely a cOercive force, and he does Deinocracy no , Before men can appreciate the intangible.of Deniocracy, !'i·ervice. ',_ . 1• , ·1 ~e must provide them with ·a tangible reason to love the Let #ie say again: Do not be content with the- weapons-·-"" democratic way of life. A hrmgry -man cannot be· bothered- of death. People a'.re cowed down by for~e , but ~eldom are with Democr~cy. All his Waking hours are spent in search· "they convinced. And we need conviction for Democracy. ·We of a means of subsistence. A man bedridden ''Vi.th tubercu- ne!ed voluntary and enthusiastic support from our people, losis, 'the poor man's disease, thinks only of health and sur- not passive and. grlldging. acceptance. And we c8n have· this Vi.Val. Those are not our fighters for Democracy. These are support for. democracy only if we use the weapons of ljfe; the unc~rtain elements o~ om· population whom we must con.:. They are age·oid weapons and you knaw ,hem. _ Somethnes vinqe to our side by adopting ·concrete -m~asures to raise their , they are called constitutional rights; sometimes they are call~d standards of life., the Four Freedoms-always they mean that the government Tit.rt staUllch ·defender of Deniocraty, Franklin -Delano musi provide for its people a constantly improving standard Roosevelt, gnVe soleinn recognition to the importance of the of life, full employment, a stable economy, ~tter educatioil, economic; front when he emphasized ~s part of his four free·- better ~ealtb standards, and 811 this under _ a:p. apnosphere of doms~the freedom from want. ~What are the duties ·of true' freedom .. '.government therefore in the economic phase of the conflict? Th.ese are the weapons we must seek Qut from their They are to insure conditions pf better health and more wide- hiding places if _need be. These are the weapons' which will-·< spread education so thaf we 'can produce a c.itizenry better bring you victory and peace. · equipped ,physical~y and mentally. ~e government must at the same time provide its ptpple V\ith opportunities for fruitful work so that greater production and a healthy economy' may insure a big~ standard of Jiving and economic · ·contenbnent. · Be-cause a whole political philosophy. is at 'Stake, the militarj' front mu~ be Coordinated constantly with the· p6litical ARV EC ES Tailors 1931 1 Herran, ~ it. V. CRUZ Compliments· of:- · CHOAN HUAT COMPANY, INC Code, Used: BENTLEY'S 2nd Phrase ACME Importer, Distributor, Manufacturer Manufacture'rs' Representative Merchandise Broker P. O. Box No. 2275 460-462 Juan ~na St~t M!lnila, Philippines . Cable Address: I 2-64-73 • Tels. I 2-80-67 "CHOANGLASS" ''CHO.ANlWAT'' SUN-RIPE COCONUT PRODUCTS, Inc. :Manufacturers I!?JpOrt.ers A Exporters Representative and Distributor in the --Philippines of the REYNOLDS METALS COMPANY Centnzl OlfiH: . .. ~:i'.: M:..~!~o:e Blnondo, Matalla I " ORUA LAMKO Auto Seat Covers. FOR. FINEST AUTO SEAT COVERS, AND 01'.RER KINDS OF UPHOLSTERY I 900·A Oroquleti Manila Tet. 2-1'11°02 . -CHINA BANKING CORPORATION ... vable Address: , "CHIBANK" Agencies: Corf-espondents in all' the principa_l cities. of , the world. Branch: Cebu Qty, Philippines China Bank Bldg.,~ DaSmariii.as corner Juan Lui;ta, Manila We offer our .General Banking Services especially· the facilities ot· the SAVINGS ACCOUNr . DEPARTMENT November, 19SO THE MANILA GUARDIAN Page 31 Our Diplomatic;. • • • serve the· small proportion of aliens who hold positions of more . (Continued from page 27) or less importance at our consulates and embassies. It is possiof some onerous rate of duty, or the unravelling of a knot tied ble presumably that a similar situation prevails in our legations at the customs house. Beh-?ld then, the 'proud practitioner in ~urope and 'South America. The clerks, stenographers, seof the art of diplomacy, the aloof embodiment of its aristocratic~ cretaries and in ·some instances, some Of the officials are of for' traditions, in his actual role of an agent of trade, is concerned eign birth and· nationality. · not with the philosophy of Machiavelli, the poliy of Richelieu Without intending to cast any reflection upon the good and the crafi of Talleyr8nd; but with fertilizers, nails, barbed intentions or loyalty of more or less small nuinber of aliens wire, hemp, lobacco,; rice, sugar, drie4 fish a~d bago~ong ~d in oUr diplomatic service, there is nevertheless some danger a tlfOusand and one other hum~ but essential things that inherent in the make-up of .an official .famiJt cu1- lines ·so co~ enter into our ordinary daily life._ The truth is that foreign mopolitan in character. Should our· rel~tiOll.i with a fore5gn 1 trade-is the life blood of the nation. _country or shoU.ld anything occur to disturb the ententa corOur diplcimatic representatives,' ambassadors, and our con::_ · dis.le, it will be: readily Seen that our consul or other represen._suls in the "United States, Australia, South Americ~, and tativ':! would be placed at a serious disadVantage, as he would Europe constitute together our foreign service. Their j,nterestS necessarily be dependent oil . his .;taffs oi: aides and interf:>re._ are not diverse; but are cooperative; and is the coinpl~~ntary ters for tha~ _intimate knowledge of existing· conditions wlµch part of an entire and harmonious organization and conserv'a- · alon_e would enable him to deal successfully with the matters tion of our interests abroad. They are necessarily under thea 1 _t_,_·s_su.e_. - - - - - - - - · - - - - - - - - - - - supervision and· control of our Department of Foreign 4.ffairs ;;. ..,.. • which, as the special guardian, looks after our commercial in:terests and particularly ovel' the development and exterisio:ri of ot.ir trade& , - They hav; duties to perfm:m in connection not only with shipping and seamen, with. th,e . au'thenti~at;ion of documents, and \\ith no!arial acts, but also with the is_suance of passports, and with the protection of Filipino Citizens and their property abroad, as for example in New York, Chicago, California and ·china at.present. But there is a feature of our·consuJar service . a~ at present constiiuted which seriously impairs its usefulness. Any Filipino visiting the Urlited States will immediately obl I • .. PHILIPPINES COLD ST0RES Argentine, Auskalian & :f41merlcan Frozen Meats .Whoiesa.te & Retail Tels. !.'i-36-45 l S-36-48 S03·511 Echague St . Manila, Philippines ~ ~-~~~~,,-;-, --"-~-,,,..,..,~.-.~u=•~"":-;,:,.:M~•=n:;;tm~ie. In -rne'll'WrJI of OU'I' ~~igh.t'I/ G.od on th.W historical va.te f>'l"0-1/eTS to tM . ' . . Notiono\ Heroes_ Day (Noirelllber 30,-1950) .. . ~ .--:==--==, I~'==· .. ~----Right In The Cent.er Of The Capital City . -P-9.oo and up per sqm. of thl~ Countnr ~hose he?'Oe9~ day we are. celebratinc now-you'll find the much-cherished M.E. Subdivisions• BOMESITES • "011b"'. lit- CENTAVOS:-and lO MINUTES b)" n:iotor car fl-om Plaza "Goitl. Payable within 10 years on ellQ' monthly inst.aliment plan. ' High land,. lungs-healing brtt"zes; exuberant shade trees,· wide, asphalter! avenue~ and Streets and excelle~t environment. Magdalena Estate, Inc. ~l '7, 219, 221. Consolidated Investments· Bide:• Plaza Gotti, Manila, Tel. S-26-08 Sundays: H B"8.dway. New ~· Tel. 6·8Z-06 Page asi-'· THE MANILA GUARDIAN November, 1950 Three MISslonaries ••• (Continued from page 26) and· myself-and our·. families. Mother Stagg saw to it that those wanted w~re moved from one family to-. another among ·members" of the Cosmopolitan church. Needless to describe, the brutal tortures the missionaries received at Fort Santiago did not make them reveal names of gUerrmas or others who supported the movement in whateyer manner. Unbroken in spirit, they were ~ever seen to giieve or repent. They were almost continuously in prayer and, although conversations Were prohibited, the women. missionaries-· comforted their celhnates and preach.ed to them the gospel· of Christ. • . , _ , In their common sufferings resulting from celJ congestion, meager food, insanitary conditions, beatings,. and many other causes~ Mother Stagg, Dr. Darby and Miss Wilk ministered Unto the rest. Mot.her Stagg, herself quite sickly, forgot her 'own ailments and did, whatever she could, SllCh as massag. ing the aching limbs, ]lack and bodies cif her suffering fellow women prisoners. It was as though only her -"Will kept her from breaking down. ' Of souls saved they certainly had many during their confinement at Fort Santiago and at the Old Bilibid prison. Miss Carmen Chang, a Chinese teacher and of Buddhist religion, . was very close to Miss Wilk, and She soon was repeating from memory Psalm 23 and praying as she learned from the missionaries who be~ame .angels,. no less. Mother Stagg- used. tO express her since~ wish that she could own the guilt of men and women guerrillas who had been continually brought to Fort Santiago. · . 0 It is better for me to be here in prison th"an for others ·as I have already undergone 'the severe Punishments," she uSed to comment. She was so brave, so Christlike in her readiness to suffer and die for others. "If I see these boys being tortured," Miss Wilk, too, had said, "I feel like sinking down, and I am glad I have shared VISAYAN SURETY'& INSURANCE CORPORATION Cebu ManlliL Ilollo Established 1931 MANILA OFFICE 6th Floor~ Trade .& Conunerce Building L2S Juan Lu,pa Tel. z..&8-91 1 --- -::_____ ,_--, I Co~~Iiments Of: --- -I I ~-~"""""""'~= 1 NEW SOCIETY BAKERY, Inc. 808 ARLEGUI, QUIAPO MANILA. TEL. 3-26-16 WEDDING & BIRTHDAY CAKES SOCIETY ENRICHED BREAD the sufferings they ha;e gone through. If they (the Japanese) kill me because I have helped the Americans and Filipino boys, I am going to heaven." Dr .. Darby had spoken in the same vein, ·"I am unrepentant," Miss Abaya qµoted her as saying: "I' am content in whatever situation I am in. I have peace with'God." Nothiiig was heard of Mother Stagg, Dr. Darby and Miss Wilk. Then all of a sudden, through the testimony of some Japanese witnesses at a trial of a war criminal-in Manila, after, liberatioll, it was learned that they had been executed at the Manila North Cemetery where they were beheaded and buried ,in _ Qne dugout. In another were interred the remains of Eliz~lde, Pirovano, ·OzarD.iz and others. · -{ ,Through well-kn!?wn marks, portions of dresses; hair, dental make-up theil' remains were finally idelltified. · G: •. C. UNSON CO., INC • II Exeludv8 Dlstrlbut.on for: Acme, MotoUt.e and 81'per1Ue A.uto Batterlet Battery Parts and -.r1 .. 198 ESP.AAA, MANILA, PJOL. OFFICE TEL= SHOP TEL1 DIAL 4.0 ASK tU ORIOL MARBLE. WORKS LAPIDAS • TOMBS • CHAPELS MARBLE • GRANITE • CEMENT - ~~-Igo TeL 8-39-85 Greetings and· Best Wishes UMOAN & COMPANY Since 1939 Wholesale Grocers, Importers and Exporten COFfEE - SUGAR • FLOUB - PAPER • wE DISTRIBUTE ALL KINDS OF SUGAR THROUGHOUT THE PlllLIPPINES e Head Oftlee: !!•· 809-811 SAN FERNANDO ST • Telephone ~ZS .,llfANILA - r ' '· November, 1950 THE MANILA GUARDIAN Page 33 -~~·\:{~ ~;"'-~?' - .-:?" ;::- ,, Gineh!i San!lltguel URlll to Paso uul Toto In .. Bdonl Mapansuap.•• a La Ton• llena. lne. pruentatlon over DZl'll •WUJ' ruUClq from 8:09 .. lsao--..a. LA TONDENA, INC. • 818-U2 Echague, Manila-Tel. 8-2&-10 --··· ' 'Cable Address: .. MOVE" AGAPITO A. FU~RTE Importer-Exporter-Ind.en tor General Merchant MODERN VENETIAN BWNDS ' 902 Oroq~ta cor; Lope de Vega Tel: 2·91·02 Manila ·- -- .. -- - . Dr. Antonio Paz Dental Surgeon !555 Nueva St. Blnondo Manila A Plan For Fort ••• (Continued from page 6) On -May 1, 1898, Admiral Dewey destroyed the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay and on August tJ of the same year, the city of Manila and the fort·were peacefully s\Irrendered to the American forces tinder General Wesley M~itt. During the American occupation, the In.Oat which had \ com,Pletely encircled the ~alls, was filled and transformed ' into a sunken garden. Many of the old cannons, roundshot and other militarjr equipment were carefully preserved for their_ ornamental value. · The Japanese invader~ raised their flag over the fort on January 3, 1942. The rest of the story since the Japanese .. occupied it is now a matter of conunon knowledge. The history of Fort Santiago, is not complete without meneion of the fact that jt was in one of its cells, now partially restored, where Dr. Jose Rizal spent his last days before .his execution and where he wrote some of his memorials including his famous ''Mi Ultimo Adios". , A place with a history like Fort Santiag6 is worth preserving for posterity. · I I TORREFIEL TRANSPORTATION, INC. Cldtolils Broker-Forwarding Agent a: Tramportatlon Contractor Offif!e: PACIFICO .. TORREFIE"L R·401 Maritima Bldr President Tel. No. 2· 76·69 Licensed Custom1 Broker· Compl!ments of: AGENCIA DE EMPEiq-os DE LORENZO LERMA 2!61 Ave. Rizal Manila INVESTMENT • REAL ESTATE e MORTGAGES COZY HOMES PA SAY REAL TY SZ Eacolta, Mallila Bagalo Brandl Session Rd., Bagalo Member, Manila Realty Boord " buy and sell lots and buildings t: negotiate mortgages " help plan future homes "lr give legal counsel and assistance along zeal estate lines nm MANiLA GUARDIAN No'vember, ·1950 Editorials . (Continued from page 3) . ility is p'artieular]N true in the case Of ir.dustries that tum out export products which have to meet open competition in the foreign market. We must Dot only avoid direct taxes b9t also those imposed on other elements affecting production like transportation and capital goods. We must not be lured by the elements of collectibility, which may perhaps· be a good reason for imposing taxes on export products, for the reason that sure collection may be 'reduced to an insignificant figure when p\ooduction dE'clines. · There ·1s still an imposing .amount ·of uncollected. ~axes. Laws have been ground to reach the sU.re soul'(es of taxes but unfor. tunately the machinery for collection is not as efficient as it ·should be. We suggest therefore that this matter be given first priority,. in the implementation of a revised tax system as any accui:nulation of laws will only mean more evasion by some of our elements w~o: are specialized in tax evasion and who are enriching· themselves not only by the non-payment of faxes but spetj.~ly as a result of the very unfair, undue and we may say, criminal use of Otis money_ to .thoroughly compete with those that comply with the. letter and · spirit of our tax laws. The structure of our business today requires mass production in most cBses, spec!"ally when we Wish to lower prices by bringii:tg down the cost of production. This in Wrn necessitates polling of our individual resources. through the formation of corporations. But by increasing taxes on corporations, we will be adding a new obstacle to the already difficult task of attracting capital due to our .individualistic nature, as a result of which only those c:Orporatlons formed by aliens who are endowed with the· know-how to avoid taxes, using unethical if not illegal means, will be the only on~ that will thrlve. MOISES T. GUERRERO A Friend In ••• ,' (Continued from page 11) papers here," he wrote, "have recently been carrying very distressing articles in reference ·to the Philippines and I am fearful that then~ are many in the coWltry who ·a.re not familiar 'Yi.th the intricacies of the problems facing Your gove.rnment." While he bas not yet visited the Philippines, he bas a good grasp of local problems and conditions. He is in constant con:im.unication with the Philippine Ex-Political Prisoners' Association and ~eeps close contaci wieh the Philippine Emb8ssy in Washington. Among bis close friends also are \wO former American Ambassadors to the Philippines, Paul V. CcNutt and Emmet O'Neal, who. all belong. to the Post-Mortem: Club, an organization in Washington which cowits am~:iig its members many officials and leaders includlli~ Secretary o{ the Interior Oscar Chapman and fonner. D~fense SeCretary Louis Johnson., Bom of .humble parents in the small town of Spartan· burg, South Carolina, Mr. Wood early saw in life and need for social justice lo;r the poor. He supported him.self through high school and early college l>y n.uw.IDg a newspaper route, _acting as a plumber's assistant and operating a cleaning and pressing establishment. Shortly alter graduation from Wofford College in 1917, he volwiteered as a private jn the United· States Arm.Y, and after .several assignments to various_ c~:rD.ps, w~s detailed to the Motor Transport Corps Headquarters in Washington, D.C. where_ he became one of the aides to the Chief of the. Service, · General Charles B. Drah!. · Power In The •••• , (Continued from page 20) we might use them to commit suicide or to stiaJ;lgle the Kempeis with. Whatever the reason, the loss of the ro.saries mere-. -ly served to intensify our_ devotien to the garland offetjng t~ Mary. . • ·Escape, after two years! Out of the re8r: gate;· bag in hand, joy in elie heart, rosary in the trousers pocket. Up the. bills with the Hunterrs' Guerrollas and Marking's can.ip· to join the intelligence with the 6th Army observer, · . The liberation c"ame, .. and so did the defeat of Japan. l wonder if that Kempei Lieutenant who. called our hymn to t~ Sacred Heart song of weakness is still alive. Japan is not ~ so strong now. But the Sacred Heart and Mary are firmly entrenched in our altars and in .oUJ: hearts, thanks to that hymn and the Rosary: • . 1 • . It w~s while be was serving in the Army that he started· ~ to take up law at Georgetown University Law School. When l}e graduated from the university in 1921, the law school was celebratin gits golden anniversary and he was chosen the ju· bilee orator. He was admitted to the Bar of South Carolina on May 1, · 1921, to the Supreme Court of the United States on May 26, 1924, and to the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia on F~bruary 13, 1922. , , ~ Besides the Post-Mortem Club, Mr. Wood is a member~ of the Wofford College Alumni Association, Georgetown Aluni- · ni Association, Sigma Nu Phi Legal Fraternity, Forty and Eight; Army and Navy· Union, Veterans of Foreign Wars, United Spanish War Veterans. · He is a Past Master of Columbia Lodge No. 3; F.A., AM.;· . a 32n_d Degree Mason,. and a Shriner. He has been chainnan. of several conunittees of . the Columbia Bar Association, on.~. of which took charge of studying the reorganizati~n of Mwii~ cip81 Courts. He has been delegate to several national con.: .. l'entions of the t)emocratic Party and is. a member of the De: . mocratic Central Committee of the District of Columbia; For two and a half years," he was Chairinan of the Local Draft Board (World War II). He has two sons, Harlan Wood, .... Jr., who is a junior St Brown University and John Pa~l.Wood,,::;.. who goeS to school in Washington. · ' • A few days ago, he reminded tJie PEPPA of the coming opening' of the neW Congress, assurfug· Hi.e .organization· that he will continue his fight for them until justice is won. Dra. Tomasa F. Halili , Central Hotel .. Room No. 2ois.2os Boon: 9-12 A.M. - M P.M. El'HRAIM G. GOCHANGCO STRUCTURAL ENGINEER·CONTRACTOR 208·209 Central Hotel Bulldlq eorni!r: Rizal An., 6 .ucarrasa: lllaolla ~~~~~~~~~·-T_~_._~_n_·"~~~~~~-·~~-Jr-; ANTONIO GAW ATTORNEY·AT·LAW OJl'TICll: 'Jfi5 RIZAL AVENUB IND FLOQ.R. BM. 4 I (~101 /I p/i111e11ts uf PHILIPPINE BANK OF COMMERCE * State Bldg. MANILA ~OMPLIMENTS OF ·----Phil. Chinese General Chamber of Commerce STEN YANGSEPENG President Executive Secretary ~I I 672 Benavides Tel. 2-94-66 Manila ii ~ >) COMPLIMENTS OF HOME OF QUALITY PRODUCTS SINCE IB90 i ~ I I I ~ . I ~=~--= ---== -·=-::;;;_ - = -==--=--= -== · ===21