The Local Government Review

Media

Part of The Local Government Review

Title: The Local Government Review
Issue Date: Volume I (Issue No. 2) February 1949
Year: 1949
Language: English
Rights
extracted text: LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW VOL. I - No. 2 .FBBRUARY, 1949 ONE PESO PRINCIPAL OONTENTS Page Rizal on Character and Personality ----------------------------- ---------------------- 73 Message of the Secretary of the Interior -------------------------------------------- · 74 Editorial : Proper Compensation for Provinc'ial Governors, Provincial Treasurers, and Provincial Auditors• ________ ----------------------- 75 Congratulatory Mes:sages ---------------------- -·-------------------------- 78 The Bill of Rights ____ _ _ ___ __________ __ -------------------------------------------------·---- 7'9 Classification of Municipalities in Regular Provinces -------------------- 81 Data for Reclassifying a Province or Municipality ----------··-------- 93 The Munici-pal Autonomy Law _ _ ------------------------------------------- 94 Powers and Duties of Rural Councils -------------------- --------------------- 96 Nationa~ ~olid~r!tY an~ PTactical Internationalism by President Elp1dw Qumno ---·---·---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 97 On the Back Pay Law by Jose Erestain --------------------·-----------·---·----------- 103 The Municipal Police Law Annotated by J. F. Rivera ----------·------------- 109 "Our Local Officials" ----------------------------·- _ ___ ____________ ------------------ 111 Pronunciamentos _ _ _______________ ------------------------------------------- ___________ _______ 113 Special Feature: Hints for Second Grade Civil Service Aspirants ___ _ 114 Reasons for Absence of Constitutional P0rovision Regarding Local Autonomy ------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------ 123 Power of Municipal Council ---·---- --------------------------- ------------------------------- 126 Activities of the Lota! Governments ----------------------------- -------------------------- 129 For His Lack of S'portsmanship, Judgment Affirmed 132 Perseverance _ ------------------ -------------------- _ _ ________ 132 Memorandum for Every Citizen -- ---------------- -----------------·---·------------- 136 Ancient Honesty and Supremacy of the Law 136 RIZAL ON CHARACTER AND PERSONALITY [From his letter to the young women of Malolos, February, 1889.] I DO NOT propose ithat I be taken as an idol, a Httle god', and that I be believed or listened to with eyes closed, head down, and arms crossed over the chest. 'Wbat r ask is that all should think and meditwte, investigate and ju '"ge, in every case, through th2 use of reason, the things which I shall now declare: .First of all, that the tyranny of some persons is possible only because of the cowardice and negligence of others. - Second, that what makes a person despi>-1ed is his lack of self-respect" and his fear toward the one who despises him. . - Third, that ignorance is slavery, because whait a man thinks is what he is; one who has no mind of his own wHl have no personality-a blind person who follows the mind of another, just as a beast .which is led by a piece of rope. Fourth. A person who likes to hide himself induces others to hide themselves because when you leave your fellowmen alorie they will likewise leave you. One stick from a coconut palm is easy to break, but a bundle of them tied .together to make a broom is difficult to break.-Reprint from Panorama, Nov. 1938. HOROSCOPE: Were You Born in February? Turn to page 139. Ji'liiBRUARY, 1949 Page 73 'The LOCAL GOVERNMENT. REVIEW , Monthly Organ to Promote the Welfare and Prosperity of the Provinces, Cities and Municipalities and their Inhabitants. -oOo--83 D. Tuazon Ave., Cor. 50 Laon·Laan, Sta. Mesa HeigJ:its, Quezon City, Philippines,. ::~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::~::::::::=~:::::::::::::::::~:::::::::::::::::~::::::::::::::::::::::::::~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::~:::: PE.TRA 0. RIVERA JU.AN F. RIVERA JOSE R. COLLANTE Business Manager Editor · .Associate GOVERNORS, MAYORS, TREASURERS, AUDITORS, FISCALS, DIVISION SUPERINTENDENTS OF SCHOOLS, DISTRICT ENGINEERS, DISTRICT HEALTH OFFICERS, AND AGRICULTURAL SUPERVISORS-Contribut.ing Staff u"'"'""""'""'"""""""""""""'"''""""'"""'""'"""""""'"'~""'""'""'"'""""'w""'""""""'""'"""'"""""""""""'""'"""'""""'"""""""""'""""""'""""""""'""""'"'"'~'"""""'"'"'""""""''""'"'""'""""""""""" "'"""'""""'''''""''"'"'"'''""''''""'''''"'"'''""'''''""'''''"""'"'"""'"'''''"''''''""'''''""""''"'"'""''""'""'"'"M'"'"'"MUllUIMIH01m111111111u1••••""'''I·''"''''''""''''""''''''''""'"''"""'~'''''"'''''''""''''''"''''''""'''"'"''''"''''''"'"''"' Republic of the Philippines DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Manila The publication of the' Local Government Review will fill a long felt need in the administrative organization of our gover.nment for a basic ·reference guide on such. administration orders, rules and regulations as are issued from time to time by the departments concerned with local governments. The initiative made by the editor of this organ deserves distinct commendation. I believe that all officials in the government service, particularly those in the local branch, will find the Local Government Review authM'itative as well as helpful. January 15, 1949 (Sgd.) SOTERO BALUYUT Secretary of the Interior THE LQCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW is published monthly by Mrs. Petra 0. Rivera with Atty. Juan F. Rivera, Chief of the Pr.ovin.cial Division of the Department of the Interior, and Mr. Jose R. Collante, ;pr9vincial Treasurer of Sorsogon, as Editor :md Associate Editor, respectively. "Eptered as second class mail matter at the Manila Post Office on J anu·ary 24, . 1949. · SUBSCRIPTION RATES :,--1'10.00 a year; 1'6.00 for six mon.ths; 1'1.00 per copy. Foreign rates : Double. · BUSINESS OFFICE :-Corner 50 Laon-Laan and 83 Tuazon Avenue, Sta. Mesa Heights, Quezon City. PRINTED BY BUSTAMANTE PRESS, 514 P. Gomez, Quiapo, Manila Page 74 THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW C~PROPER COMPENSATION FOR PROVINCIAL GOVERNORS, PROVINCIAL TREASURERS, AND PRtJVINCIAL AUDITORS . About a quarter of century ago the present rates of pay of our Provincial Governors, Provincial Treasurers, and Provincial Auditors were fixed by the Philippine Government under the Jones Law. Since then, that goverm~ent and a Commonwealth regime had passed into history, a second world war ended, and a new Republic inaugurated. During that span of time, changes were made upward in living costs and in every line of endeavor, including increase in compensation of certain officials other than those adverted to above and a few more. In the · past, the activities of local governments had to do primarily with the essential functions of political subdivisions. Now the s~e local governments have taken upon themselves rthe performance of. positive constructive work for the promotion of the public welfare and prosperity of their irthabitanrts. This accent on the public weal has created functions for Provincial Governors, Provincial Treasurers, and Provincial Auditors thait are unequalled in their respective provinces in magnitude and complexity, and the open.tions to be performed by them in connection therewirth are of an exceedingly technical and diverse character. In the case of the Provincial Governors, their functions are not merely political-one involving the exercise of judgment in its use-but are also, and largely, administrative-one concerned with the putting into effect of policies and orders as determined or given by other superior offices or authorities. In a word, the Provincial Governors are the heads of the administration in their respective provinces. This means that the National authorities will look primarily to the Provincial Governors for the efficient carrying out of executive policies and administrative determinations. Besides their usual functions, there is inherently the desire of Provincial Chief Executives to stand well in the opinion of ,their constituents and in the opinion of the National authorities-an incentive, among others which might be mentioned, did space allow, that calls for e:K!penditures, mostly from private funds, auditing requirements not allowing the charging thereof to public funds although apparently incurred to subserve public interests. Under s·uch circumstances, therefore, the Provincial Governors should be placed in their proper rank-that of being the highest officials in their re•pective provinces. An indicium of official rank is the salary attached to the position occupied, for it is a popular observation that the nmount of emolument received estaiblishes one's rank. This being so, the Provincial Governors should be given compensaition in amounts at least equal to the salary of any official from any branch of. the government of whatever category permanently stationed in the provinces concerned. Like most governmental problems, that of financial administration must be viewed from two standpoints, ·political and technical. These are functions allocated upon career men in the treasury service. While 'Provincial Treasurers have been entrusted with a cargo of duties larger than those discharired by their positions a quarter of a century ago, their emoluments have remained as they were fixed at about that time. Nay, s.uch emolu.ments are even lower th2.n those paid to certain chiefs of divisions with whom they deal in the National Government whose appointments are not of the category extended to Provincial Treasurers. The FEBRUARY, 1949 Page 75 Proper Compensation . .. vital question to be considered in this case of the Provincial Treasurers is not, however, whether they .deserve or should receive ·mote from a moral rpoint of view. The crucial question is: Do we want the best financial administrators and advisers inside the government or outside? There is no doubt that we want them inside, for there is work t:here worthy of their mettle and an attractive career to strive for. Akin to the status of Provincial Governors and Provincial Treasurers with respect to compensation is that of Provincial Auditors. The ·Provincial Auditors have been placed in a position of great power in regard to the expendHure .of local funds. Their functions concern the task of ensuring honest administration, and of. preventing corruption or the improper application of public funds. Such tremendous powers and responsibilities call for commensurate pay. As it is now, the highest paid Provincial Auditor receives but 1'4560 per annum. Let us be fair to them! Succinctly we are not here advocating vertical nor horizontal increases in compensation for the Provincial Governors, the Provincial Treasurers and the Provincial Auditors. What we hereby emphasize is a paralle.1 compensation with arpt level, that is to say, an adjustment of compensation that should at once insure uniform justice amongst the officials of whatever category in a particular province. This does not necessarHy mean identic rates of compensation. An equitable rate of compensation is all that is !being sought for to· establish the nearest relation between comrpensation and rank, goodwill and enthusiasm that should prevail, an equilibrium called for by the difference in the values of. the work involved in the respective positions, and the principle of compensating the position rather than the incumbent. Bearing in mind the foregoing facts and views, we respectfully propose to the 2 .uthorities concerned the adoption now, before another quarter of a century passes by, the following rates of compensation for ·Provincial Governors, Provincial Treasurers, and Provincial Auditors: Cl,ass of Province Pr01J. Gov. Prov. Treas. Prov. Awd. 1st Class- A Pl0,000 P9,000 P8,000 1st Class- ·B 9,400 8,200 7,000 1st Class 8,800 7,600 6,400 2nd Class 8,200 7,200 6,000 3rd Class 7,600 6,400 5,200 4th Class 6.800 5,600 4,400 5th Class 6,000 4,800 3,600 · With respect to the seeming high rates of salary herein proposed, we wish to add to the reasons given above that the rates advocated follow the maxim, so wide.ly accepted by trade unionists and enlightened employers, that high wages are cheap wages, and can be aptly applied to the fiveor four-figure-income man no 'less than to the weekly wage-earner. This can be achieved, it is hereby submitted, through careful budgetary analysis and plantilla adjustments. However, as a means of 'Precluding financial embarrassments, it may be feasible by means· of a proviso to empower the Chief Executive to reduce the compensation by a certain percentage or to give only such compensrution as may be warranted by the condition of finances of the province concerned. This suggestion would save the theme of paraHel compensation with proper level herein being brought to the sympathetic consideration of the Executive and Congressional au1thorities for positive legislation.-J.F.R. Page 76 THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW J THE MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT AND OFFICIALS OF PADRE BURGOS, PROVINCE OF QUEZON the birth of THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW a very useful and important magazine for all officials and employees. BIENVENIDO A. MARQUEZ Municipal Mayor LONGHINO AMADO Vice-Mayor ISIDORO LA URIO ------------··-·············-··-· --··--········---····--···---·--·-·------- Coimcilor MELITON AMADOR -------------·-·····-· .---·····---·------·-----········----····-·------ Councilor TOMAS PONTIVEROS ·······--·-------------------------------·--··---------·-·---·------ Councilor SIL VINO S1 AY AT --------------·-···---- -·-·------------------------------------·----····-·· Courwtilor SEVERINO TORRENUEV A . ······--·--·-·-----·-· -- ___ . -··------··-·-········ Councilor PELAGIO AMANDY --------····--··---- ·····--···--····----------- -·-·--···--·----------- Councilor DIONISIO M. P ASIA Municipal Secretary FRANCISCO VILLJAMATER Municipal Treasurer MRS. PAZ 0 . MARQUEZ Elementary School Principal ATTY. HUGO 0 . ARELLANO Justice of the Peace AMBROSIO CASTILl.JA Chief, Tel-Com. BENITO S. NIERE Chief of Police DR. RAMON L. ORDA Charity Health Physician MATEO MANALO Sergeant ALFREDO AUDINI Postmaster HERMOGENES ANGELES Station Agent ..... F EBRUARY, 1949 P age 77 CONGRATULATORY MESSAGES {Excerpts) The publication of a magazine like the Local Government Review fills a void in the administration of the provinces, cities, and municipalities. Every municipality should subscribe to such very mforrnative journal.-Hon. TEOFILO SISON, Adviser to the President on Local Governments. I am strongly and sincerely recommending that every government official should read this very important magazine if he wishes to know more about his duties and rights.-Hon. DOROTEO AGUILA, Provincial Governor of La Union. · ' The City Gov·ernment of San Pablo "liveicomes the birth of the "Local Government Review". It' needs the continuous support and encouragement of those who are desirouis of having bet · ter local governments free from corrwptions, inefficiency and all sorts of derelictions of duties by those placed in the position of public trusts. Let HS therefore give our suppo.\'t to the publishers. ·Patronage by way of subscription, advertisements, and contributions of articles of public interests will give it the push that a new publ;cation needs.-Hon . .FERNANDO A. :BAUTISTA, City Mayor of San Pabl'o. It is my greatest saitisfaction to inform you that it is the · general impres,-:ion in this locality that with the pub1 lication of your Review one of the greatest needs of the government officials as well as of. the public is going to be satisfactorily filled out especially because this is the first of its kind to (Continued on page 137) The Provincial Board of Agitsan with the Provincial Secretary. Page 78 THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW r~:»-m~~~m+~-m~»rm--»H*~ >» m >» >»>»»>>»~+»-'Ji lll * . ~ * THE BILL OF RIGHTS lli * l!i * * * [Sec. 1, Article IIl, -Constit1ition-·of0 the Philippines] * * * * (1) No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or prQperty without l!; ~ due process o~ faw, nor shall any person be denied the equal protection * 1' of the laws. · :r. * ~ * (2) Private property shall not be taken for public use without just l!: * compensation. - l!; * ~ * (3) The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, * * papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures shall not ~ * be violated, and no wai;rants shall issue but upon prob~le cause, to be ~ :i: determined by the judge after examination under oaith or affirmation of l!; * the complainant and the witnesses he may produce, and particularly ~ ' describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. ~ * * ~ (4) The liberty of abode and of changing the same within the lim- ~ ;i; its prescribed by law shall not be impaired. ~ * ~ * ( 5) The privacy of communication and correspondence shall be in~ * violable except upoR lawful order of the coua:t or when public safety and ~ * order require otherwise. J * ~ $ (6) The 'right to form associations or societies for purposes not l!: * contrary to law shall not be abridged. l!: $ * * (7) No law shall be made respecting _ an establishment of religion, $ :i: or prohibiting the free exercise thereof., and the free exercise and en- ~ * joyment of religious profession and worship, withourt discrimination or l!; * preference, shall forever be allowed. No religious test shall be required l!; * for the e·xercise of. civil or political rights. ~ * * * (8) No law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech, or of ~ ~ the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and petition * ~ the Government for redress of grirevances. * $ (9) No law granting a title of nobility shall be enacted, and no per$ * son holding any office of profit or trust shall, without the consent of the ~ :i: Congress of the Philippines, accept any present1 emolument, office, or * :i: title of any kind whatever from any foreign state. * _ * * iJ: (10) No law impairing the obligation of contraots shall be passed. ~ * ~ :i: (11) No ex post facto law or biJ.I. of. attainder shall be enacted. * -- * ~-«-<-« -H«-« -H< -H<-<-« -H< -H< -H<-<-«-<-«-<-« -H-<-<-«H«-EEH«-« -H«-«-<-« -H«-«-<-«H<-<-EEH<-<-« -H< -H«-~ FEBRUARY, 1949 Page 79 ~~~~»~m~->>Y~~-m~~+»~~-m~~-m+»-~-m-m+~ ''}, rn '" rn ~ • * ~ * * (12) No person shall be imprisoned for debt or nonpayment of 3. :!: -~~ * * ~ ~ (13) No involuntary servitude in any form shall exist except as a ~ punishment for crime whereof the pal'lty shall have been duly convicted. * * • * • (14) The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall' not be sus- :!: • pended except in cases of. invasion, insurrection, or rebe!Hon, 'Yhen the :!: * public safety requrires it, in any of which events the same may be sus; :!: * pended wherever during such iperiod the necessity for such suspension * * shall exist. :!; • * . ~ "' (15) No person shall be held to answer for a criminal offense with- ..i, ~ ~ * ourt due process of law. :!: • :!: • (16) All persons shall before conviction be bailable by sufficient :!; ii: sureties, except those charged with capital' offenses when evidence of :!: * guilt is strong. Excessive bail shall not be required. :!: • :!: • * * (17) In all criminal prosecutions the accused shall he presumed to :!: ~ be innocent until the contrary is proved, and shall enjoy rthe right to ..i, .,. be heard by himself and counsel, to be informed of the natu:rie and cause ~ * of the accusation against him, to have a speedy and public trial, to meet :!: * the witnesses face to face, and to have compulsory process to secure the :!: * attendance of witnesses in his behalf. ~ • :!; * :!; * (18) No person shall be compelled to be a witness against himself. l!i * ~ ~ ~ 1' ~ ~ (19) Excessive fines shall not be imposed, nor cruel and unusual ;:i< * punishment inflicted. ~ * ~ * (2'0) No person shall be twice put in jeopardy of punishment for l!i * the same off.ense. If an act is punished by a law and an ordinance, con- :!: * viction or acquittal under either shall constitute a bar to another pro- l!i * secution for the same act. l!i ' . ~ (21) .Free access to the courts shall not be denied to any iperson by i 1' reason of poverty. ~ * l!i * l!i * I :!: ~-<-«-<-«-<-«-<-«-<-H<-«-<-«-<-<<-<-«<-<«-«<·«-<-«+«+~-«+«+<«-«+«+«-<-«+«-<-«<-<«-<«-«+«+<«-«+*-«-<~ Page 80 l THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW &.•·~~;IFICATION OF MUNICIPALITIES IN REGULAR PROVINCES . COMMONWEALTH OF THE .PHILIPPINES .. DEMRTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MANILA December 11, 1940 PEPART:MENT ORDER ) No. 1 ) Pursuant rto the provisions of Sections 1 and 2 of Act No. 32'61 amending Sections 2170 <a> and 2171 of the Administrative Code, providing for the classification of the municipalities in the regularly organized provinces according to their respective revenues for every period of three years, the munic~pa!.ities herein below named are hereby classified as follows, effective ·January 1, 1941: <1> ABRA Bangued Second Manabo Fifth Bu cay Fourth Peiiarrubia " Danglas Fifth Pidigan Fourth Dolores " Pilar " Lagangilang Fourth Sal-lapadan Fifth Lagayan Fi:fth San Juan Fourth Langi den " San Qumtin Fifth La Paz Ta yum Fourth Luba Villaviciosa Fifth ALBAY Bacacay Third Malilipot Fourth Baras(2) Fourth Malina-0 " Bato<2> Manito Calolbon (2) O.as Thi.rd Camalig Third Pandan(2) Fourth Daraga " Panganiban (2) " Guinobatan Second Polangui Third .Jovel Jar Fourth Rapu-Rapu Fourth Legaspi CS) First Tabaco First Li bog Fourth Tiwi Fourth fob c m " Viga<2> " Ligao Second Virac(2) Thh'd ANTIQUE Barbasa Fourth Patnongon Fourth Bugasong Third San Jose Second Caluya Fifth San Remigio Fourth Culasi Th'.ird Sihalom Third Dao 'Tibiao Fom·th Laua-an Fourth Valderrama " Pandan Third BATAAN Abucay Fourth Marivel es Fom·th Bagac " Moron " Balanga First(4) Orani Third Dinalupihan Third Orion Hermosa P ilar Fourth Limay Fourth Samal " FEBRUARY, 1949 Page 81 _.' / OFFICS. OF THI. PRUIDl.lt'T OF TM& PMILIPPUIES MAU.CANAN PHILIPPINE HERALDRY COMMITTEE ACTUAL SIZE APPROVED. " 8YA~HOP.ITY OF 'T PRUIDltMT J:J~_LLlQ_~-~~L~ ;; !XECUTIVE. SECRETARY :11\\ .... Pege 82 H LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW Alitagtag Balayan Batangas Ba·uan Calaca Calataga n Cuenca Ibaan Lemery Lian LipaC5> Lobo Mabi111i Alburquerque Anda Antequera Baclayon Balilihan Batuan Bilar Borja (c) Calape Candijay Carmen Clarin ,,J.,,,,.ella Cortes Dau is Dimiao Duero Garcia-Hernandez Guindulman Angat BaJi.uag Bigaa Bocaue Bulacan Bustos Calumpit Guiguinto Hagonoy Malolos Marilao Meycauayan Abulug Alea I.a Allacapan (8) Amulung Aparri Baggao Ballesteros Buguey Calayan Camalaniugan Claveria 'Enrile Faire FEBRUARY, 1949 BA'l'ANGAS Fourth Mal var Second Mataasnakahoy First Nasugbu Rosario Fourth San Jose San Juan San Luis Santo Tomas Second Taal Fourth Ta Esay First Tanauan Fourth Tays an Tuy B 0 H 0 L Fourth Inabanga " Jagna Third Jetafe Lila Loay Fpurth Loboc " Loon Mabini Second MariOojoc Third Panglao Sevilla Sierra-Bullones Fourth Sikatuna Tagb;Jaran Talib on Third Trinidad(6) Fourth Tubigon Third Ubay Valencia BU L ~A CAN Third Norzagaray Fi rat Obando Third PandiC7) Second Paomi bong " Piaridel Third Polo Second Pulilan Four th San Ildefonso First San Jose de! Monte San Miguel Third San Rafael F;rst Santa Maria CAGAYAN Third Gattaran Gonzaga Fifth lguig Fourth Lat-10 First Pamplona Four.th Pei\ablanca , Third Pi at " Rizal Fifth Sanchez-Mira Third Solan·1 Fourth Tuao Tuguegarao Fourth " Second First Third Second Fourth Third First Fourth Fi·rst F ourth Third Fourth Third Fourth Third Foui·th Second ·Third Fourth Second Third Third " Fourth Second Third " Fourth First Third Second Third Fourth Third Fourth Third First Page 83 Basud Capaionga Daet Indan (Vinzons) (9) Jose Pangarui< ban Baao Ba to Bu hi Bula Cabusao Calaban.ga Camaligan · Canaman Caram• oan Del Gallego Gainza Goa Iriga Lagonoy Libmanan Lupi Altavas Balete Bai\ga Batan Buruanga Capiz Cuartero Dao Dumalag Dum'3.ra.o Ibajay Iuisan Jamindan Kalibo Lezo02) Baras Ba to Calolbon Caramoran <ls> Alfonso Amadeo Bacoor Bailer> Carmona Dasmariiias General Trias Imus Indang Ka wit Page 84 CAMARINES NORT,E Fomth Second Third Second Labo Mercedes(lO) Paracale San Vicente Talisay CAMARINES SUR Fou rth Third F ourth Third Ficrth " Third Fomth Fifth Third Second ThiI·d Second Fifth Fourth Third Fourth First Fom'th Third Fourth Third Fourth Third Fou1'th CAP I Z Magarao Milaor Minalabac Nabua Naga(ll) Pamplona Pasacao Pili Rag0 ay Sagi\ay· San Fernando San Jose Sipocot Sil'uma Tigaon Tinambac L;bacao Madalag1I 3) Makaito Malinao Mambusao Nabas New Washington Numancia Pa nay Panitan Pilar Pontevedra Sapian Sigma Tangalan(14) Tapaz C A T A N D U A N E S (2) Fourth " Fifth Fourth " Third Fifth Fourth .. Thi1·d Second .. Foul'th Pandan Pafiganiban Viga Virac CAVITE Magallanes Maragondon M endez~Nufiez Na:ic Noveleta Rosario Silang Tamm Ternate Third Second Fifth Fourth Fourth Fifth Fourth Second First Fourth Third Fourth Third FoUl'th Fo.urth Fourth Third• Fourth Third Fourth Fourth Fourth .. Third· Fif.th Third Fom-th .. Second Third Foul'tl} THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW CEBU Alcantara Fourth Madridejos Fourth Al coy " Malabuyoc Alegria Mandaue Third Aloguinsan Medellin Argao Second Minglanilla Asturias Third Moalboal Badian Naga Second Balamban Second Opon Bantayan Third Oslob Third Barili Second Pilar Forn•th Bo go Seco.nd Pinamungajan Third Boljo-on Fourth Poro Fourth Borbon Third Roncla " Ca rear Second Sa:mboan Carmen Fourth San Fernando Thi rel Catmon San Francisco Foiu·th Compostela San Remigio Third Consolacion Santa Fe Fourth Cordova Santander Daanbantayan Thi,rd. Sioonga Second Dalaguete So god F ourth Danao Second Tabogon Third Dumanjug ThjrdJ Tali say Giinatilan. }'curth Toledo Second Liloan Third Tu bu r an " Tudela Fourth !LOCOS NORTE Bacarra Thd•·d Nueva Era Fifth Ba doc Paoay Thi1rd Bangui Pasuquin Banna Fourth Piddig Ba tac Second Pini Ii Fourth Burgos F ourth San Nicolas Thia·d Curriniao Sarrat Dingras Second Solsona Laoag First Vintar !LOCOS SUR Banayoyo Fifth San E steban F. ourth Bantay Th!.rd San Ildefonso Fifth Bauguen Fif.th San Vdcente Fourth Burgos F.ourth Santa ,, . Cabugao Thilrd Santa Catalina Candon Second Santa Cruz Th!1 rd Caoayan Fourth Santa Lucia " Cervantes " Santa Maria Galimuyod Fifth Santiago F. ourth Lapog Third Santo Domingo Third Lidlidda Fifth Sinait Magsingal Third Tagudin Nagbukel Fifth Vigan Fia·st Narvacan Second ILOILO Ajuy Thio·d Lambunao Third Alimodian " Leganes(xl Fourth Anilao(x) F:ourth Lemery(17) Fourth Balasan Thiird Leon Thia-d Banate Lucena OBJ Fifth Barotac Nuevo Second Maas in Third Barotac Viejo Third Miagao Second Buena vista " Nueva Valenci~ ( y l Fifth Cabatuan Oton Second FEBRUARY, 1949 Page 85 SANTOS SALES STORE CAGAY!AN, MISAMIS ORIENTAL Dealers in: HAMILTON BROWN GOODS FIREARMS AMMUNITIONS OFFICE EQUIPMENT & SUPPLIES REMINGTON TYPEWRITER Sr.HOOL SUPPLIES 8~0RTING G00DS . FILING CABINET STORAGE CABINET Page 86 Representative of the Local Government Review in Mindanao and Sulu. FELIX CABURIAN Proprietor THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW Calinog Third Passi Second Carles Foiul'th Pavia Third Concepcion " Poto tan First Dingle Th',rd San D:.Onisio ThLrd Duenas San Joaqui<n Dumangas Second San Miguel F<>urth E.sta, ncia Th'1 rd Santa Barbara First Guimbal Sa1·a Second Igbar,as Tigbauan Th>rd Janiuay Fin:1 t Tubuiigan. F<>urth Ja~o(lGl Fi1-,,t ZarragaO•l " Jordan Thio·d I SA B ELk Angadanan Thio·d Palanan Fifth Aurora<20l Fourth Reina Mercedes Fimrth Cabagan Thoo:!l R<>xas(21) " Cauayan San Mariano ' Cordcm<xl Fourth San Pablo Echague Thi,rd San Mateo(22) Gamu Sam ta MaT-ia Ilagan First Santiago Second Jones Third Santo Tomas (23) Naguilian Fo,urth Tumauini F<>urth LAGUNA Alaminos Third Majayjay Third Bay Fourth Nagcarlan Second Biiian First(z) ·Paete Fourth Cabuyao Third Pagsanjan Second Calamba First Pakdl Fourth Calauan Third Paiigil " Cavinlti Fomth Pila Third Famy Fifth Rizal Fourth Lifio ·Third San Pablo <24) 1 Fir.st Longos Fourth San Pedro Fourth Los Baiios Third Santa Cruz First L-uisiana Sar;ta Maria Fourth Lumban Fourth Santa Rosa Third Mab1tac Fifth SiniJoan Fourth Magdalena Third LA UN I 0 N A goo 'rhird Pu go ,Fifth (25) Adngay " Rosario Fourth Bacnotan San Fernando · First Balaoan San Gabriel Fifth (25) Bangar San Juan Third Bauang Santo Tomas Fourth Caba Fourth Sudipen Fifth(25! Luna Third Tubao Fourth Naguilian L E YT E Abuyog ~econd La Paz Third Alangalang Third Leyte Fourth Albuera Fourth Libagon Anahawan " Liloan Babatiigon F ifth Maas in Third Barugo Third Macrohon Fourth Ba to MaEtbog Third Baybay Second Marip,ipi Fourth Biliran Fourth Mata I om " Burauen Second Merida Third Cabalian Third Naval Fourth Caibiran " Ormqc(27l First FEBRUARY, 1949 Page 87 Caluh:an Capoocan Carigara Dagami Dulag Hilongos Hin dang Hinunangan Hinundayan Jnopacan Isabel (26) Jaro Kawayan Boac Buena vista Gasan Aroroy Cataiiigan Dimasalang Masbate Abrn de I!og Baco Bonga bong Bulalacao Calapan Looc Lu bang Mamburao Mansalay Aloran Ba1iangao Bonifacio (x) Calamba(30) Clarin Jimenez Alub1jid (x) Balingasag Cagayan Catarman El Salvador(32) Gingoog Initao Jasaan (33) Page 88 Fourth " Third " Fourth Fourth Third Fourth Palo Palompon Pastrana · P intuyan San Isidro San Miguel Sogod Tacloban Tanauan Tolosa Villa ha MARINDUQUE Second Fourth Third Second Third Second Fifth Fourth " Fifth Second Fourth " Fifth Mogpog Santa Cruz Torrijos M 1 ASBATE Milagros Placer<2B) San Fernando San Jacinto San Pascual MINDORO Naujan Paluan Pinamalayan Pola Puerto Galera Roxas(29) Sahlayan San. Jose San Teodoro MISAMIS OCCIDENTAL Third " Fourth Third Lopez Jaena Misamis(31) Oroquieta Plaridel Tangub Tudela MISAMIS ORIENTAL Fourth Third First Fourth Third " Fourth Kinogitan Linugos(34) Mahinog(35) Mambajao Manticao ( d) Medina(36) Sa gay Salay Tagoloan Talisayan Third " Fourth " Third Fourth Third First Third Fourth Fourth Second Fourth Third Third Fourth Second Fifth Third Fo11rth Fifth " " I Third Fifth Foutioh Second " Third Fourth Fifth Fourth Second Fourth " Third THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW NE GROS OCCIDENTAL Asia(37) Fifth Manapla Second Ba go Ffrst Murcia " Binalbagan Second Pontevedra Cadiz Firs.t Pulupandan Calatrava Second Sagay First Cauayan Third San Carlos Escalante First San Enrique Third Himarnaylan Second Saravia Second Hin~g-aran First Sipalay(38) Fourth Ilog Second Silay First Isabela First Talisay .,, Kabankalan Second Toboso(39) Fourth La Carlota First Valladolid Third La Castellana V'.ctoria:s First NE GROS ORIENTAL Ayungon Fourth (Luzuriaga) Valencio (42) Fourth Ayuquitan Third M.anjuyod Third Bacong Fourth Mal'i.a Fourth Eais Second San Juan Fourth Canlaon (40) Fourth Santa Catalina(43) Dauin " Siaton Third Dumaguete (41) First Siibulan Fourth Enrioue Villanueva Fourth Siquijor Third Guijulfigan First Tanjay First Jimalalud Fourth Tayasan Fourth La Libertad Tolong Third· Larena V allehermnso " Lazi Third Zamboangoita Fourth NUIDV!A ECIJA Aliaga Third Pantab.angan Fourth Bongabon Papaya " Cabana tuan First Pefiaranda Cabiao Third Quezon Third Carranglan Fourth Rizal ,, Cu ya po Second San Antonio Second Ga pan First San Isidro Third Guimba " San Jose First Jaen Third San Leonardo Fourth Laur Santa Rosa Third Licab Santo Domingo ,, Lupao Talavera Second Mufioz Second Talugtug(44) Nampicuan Fourth Zaragoza Third PAMPA NGA Angeles first Magalang Second Apali.t Third Masantol· Third Arayat Second Mexico Second Bacolor " Minalin Fourth Candaba Porac Third Floridablanca San Fernando F.i.rst Guagua I•'-i.rst San Luis Third Lubao Second San Simon Fourth MabaJacat " Santa Ana ,, Macabebe Santa Rita Third Sexmoan F&BRUARY, 1949 Page 89 Agno Aguilar Alaminos Alcala Anda Asingan Balungao Bani Bautista Bayambang Binalonan Binmaley Bolinao Bu gallon Burgos Calasfao Dagupan (45) . Daso! Infanta Labrador L1.ngayen Mabini Malasiqui Angono Anti polo Baras Binangonan Cain ta Caloocan Cardona Jalajala Las Pifia.s Makati PANGASINAN Fourth Second Third Fourth Seeond Third " Fourth First Second Third " Fourth Third First Fourth Second Fourth Second Fifth Third Fifth Third Fourth First Fourth Fifth Thw:d ·First " Manaoag Mangaldan Mangataren1 Mapandan Natividad Pozorrubio Rosales San Carlos . San Fabian San Jaclln.to San Miguel San Nicolas San Quintin Santa Barbal"a Santa Maria Santo Tomas Sison Su al Tayug . U·mingan Urbizton<lo Urdaneta Villasis RIZAL Morong Muntinlupa Navotas Parafiaque Pasay(47) P asig Pateros Pililla San Juan clel Mo~te San Mateo Tagig Malabon Mandah1yong (46) Marikina Montalban (Second) First First Ta nay Taytay Bada.i oz ( 48) Cajidiocon (48) Concepcion (48) Corcuera (48) DespujoJs (48) Jones(48) Allen Almagro Balangiga Basey Bohon Borongan Calbayog(49) Calbiga Can-avid (50) Captil Fourth Fourth " Fifb " Fourth Fifth Fourth Fifth Fourth Third Fourth Third Second Fourth Catarman Third Cat balog·an S·econd . Ca tu big Fourth Dolores " CTmnav<51) Fifth Gandara Fourth General MacArthur(52) " Guiuan Third Teresa ROMBLON Looc(48) Mag·diwang(48) Odiongan (48) Romiblon ( 48) San F ernando(48) Santa Fe(48) SIA.MAR Mercedes(55) Mondragon Motiong ( 56) Oquendo(57) Oras Palapag ' Pambujan Pinabacdao < 58 > Quinapundan (59) Salcedo San Antonio San Julian San Policarpio(60) Santa Margarita Santa Ri,ta Santo Nino SuLat Taft Second Fourth Second " First Third Fourth Third ,,. Fourth " Second Fourth First Second Fourth " Second First. " Fourth Fir.st Fourth Thi.rd Fourth Fourth Fifth . Third . Fourth Fifth Fifth Fourth Fifth Fourth Third Fourth " Fifth " Fourth Fifth Fourth Fifth Fourth Page 90 THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW Hernani Hinabangan (53) Ji..,bongC64) Laoang Lavezares Llorente Bacon Barcelona Bulan Bulusan Casiguran Castilla Donsol Gu bat Bacuag Bislig Cant:Jan ·carrascal Dapa Dinagat General Luna Gigaqu.it Hinatuan Lanuza Anao Barn ban Camiling Capas Concepcion Gerona La Paz Mayantoc Moncada Agdangan Ala bat Atimonan Aurora Baler BurdeousC64) Calauag Candelaria Ca!!1 iguran Catanauan Dolores General Luna Guinayangan Gumaca lnfanta Lopez Luc ban Botolan Cabangan Candelaria Oastillejos Iba Masinloc Palau:g Fourth Fifth " Third Fourth " Third Fourth , Second Fourth " Third Fourth " Third Fourth Third Fourth Fourth Third First Third First Second Fourth Thi.rd Fifth E.ourth Second Fourth " Third First Fourth Th>rd Fourth Third " Second " Fourth TalaloraC61) Tarangnan TinambacanC57) Villareal Wright Zumarraga SORSOGON I rosin Juban Magallanes Matnog Pilar Prieto-Diaz Santa Magdalena Sorsogon• SURIGAO Lianga Lingig Loreto Mainit Numancia Placer Surigao Taganaan (62) Ta go Tandag TAR LAC Paniqui Pura Ramos San Clemente San Manuel Santa Ignacia Tar lac Victoria T A Y 1 A B A S (63) Lucena Macalelon Mau ban Malunay Padre Burgos Pagbilao Perez Pitog.o Pobllo Quezon Sampaloc San Narciso Sariaya Tagcawayan (65) Tayabas Tiao.ng Unisan ZAMBALES San Antonio San Felipe San Marcelino San Narciso Santa Cruz Subic Fourth Third Fourth Third Fourth Third Fourth Third Fourth Second Fourth " Third Fourth Third First. Fou1·th Third(b) Third Second Fourth " Third First Second First Fourth Second Fourth " Third Fourth First Fourth First Second Third Fourth " Third (For Footnotes, turn to next page) (Sgd.) RAF. R. ALUNAN Secretary of the Interior FEBRUARY, 1949 Page 91 Footnates to Dept. Order No. 1, s. 1940, re classification of municiipalities: (a) Classificati-On of rnunicipalities .... Number of Councilors.-Mimicipalities are di· vided into five classes, according to their receipts, as follows : Municipalities of the first class shall be those the aPnual receipts of which averaged fifty thousand pesos or more during the last three years, and shall have eight councilors; of the second class, those the annual receipts of which averaged thirty thousand pesos or more, but less than fifty thousand pesos, during the last three years, and shall have eigpt councilors; of the third class, those the an· nual receipts of which averaged fifteen thousand pesos or more, but less than thirty thousand pesos, during the last three years, and shall have six council· ors; of the fourth class, those the annual receipts of which averageol· five thousand pes_ os or more, but less than fifteen thousand pesos, during the last three years, and shall have six councilors; of the fifth class, those the annual receipts of which averaged less than five thousand pesos during the last three years, and shall have four councilors; ProvUled, That the councilors elected at the last general election in each municipality shall continue to hold office during the term of which they were elected, and the reduction or increase of the number of councilors in accordance with the classification of municipalities prescribed in this Act shall take effect beginning with the general elec· tion of nineteen hundred and twenty-eight. (Sec. 2170, Adm. Code, "" amended.) (b) Raised to third ~lass (D. 0. 51, Feb. 8, 1949, Sec. Int.) (1) See Republic Act No. 130, published in first issue of this magazine. (2) Municipalities of the new province of Catanduanes (C. A. 687). (3) Converted into a city by R. A, 306. (4) Raised to 1st class-D. 0. 29, Sept. 25, 1948, Sec. Int. (5) Converted into a city :by R. A, 162. (6) Created by E. 0. 80, s. 1947 and classification published by D. 0. 11, Sept. 8, 1947, Sec. Int. (7) Creat~d by E. 0. 106, s. 1936 and classification published by D, 0. 1, July 10, 1946, Sec. Int. (8) Created by C. A; 692 and classification published by D. 0 . 8, Apr. 13, 1946. Sec. Int (9) Name changed to Vinzons by C. A. 690, (10) Created by R. A. 341 and classification is pending consideratiom \11) Converted into a city by R. A. 302. (12) Created by E. 0. 364, s. 1941 and claSSlification published by D. 0. 12, Sept. 15, 1947, Sec. Int. (13) Created by R. A. 297; not yet classified. (14) Created by R. A. 285; not yet classified, (15) Created by E. 0. 159, .s. 1948 and classWcation published by D. 0 .. 34, Nov. 17, 1948, Sec. Int. (Continued on page 111) D. D. MADRIAGA 421 Florentino Torres, Sta. Cruz, Manila Exclusive Supplier of Hig'h Quality Leather Articles for G-Overnment RequisitionsMANUF ACTURERS: Wallets, Kodak Cases, Belts, Holsters, Medical Bags, Traveling Bags, Portfolios, Brief Cases and Saddles, Special prices for Government Orders, approved by the Purchasing Agent. 100 % Filipino Capital Page 92 THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW DATA FOR RECLASSIFYING A PROVINCE OR MUNICIPALITY Province "In order that proper action hereon can be taken under the provisions of Republic Act No. 130, it is requested that the advantages and benefits to be derived by the province and: its inhabitants in the raise of its class from 2nd to 1st, as proposed herein, be stated. In this connection, inform.'.ltion is also requested as to whether, if and when the province is raised in class as proposed, the additional expenditure which will nec~ssarily follow in the form of increase in salaries of the statutory officials as well as of the employees therein and the other activities which a first class prov:nce · has to provide, can be made available from the exdsting funds in the provincial treasuiry. In the affirmative, it is also requested that copies of the supplemental budgets providing for these additional expenditures be submitted herewith. With respect to the salad.es of the District Hea1'th Officer and the Provincial Auditor which are rpayable in equal proportion by the National Government and the province, it should be stated' that the present arrangement is to the effect that the province concerned should be ready to provide for the portion of their salaries payable by the National Government, if these officials have to be given the compensation corresponding to the class aprproved for that province. This arrangement is being made because the National Government may not pay its portion of the increased salaries of these officials, at !'east during the rest of the current fiscal year, inasmu-::h as the National budget has not provided for the increased compensati0 m.'··From 1st Indorsement dated ,January 6, 1949, of the Department of the Interior. FE.BRUARY, 1949 Municipality ·~With reference to the papers regarding the readjustment of the classification of the municipality of Orani, that province, it is requested that the mrnnicipal council of Orani be instructed to prepare a tentative budget for that municipality covering a period of twelve months on the basis of the actual estimated income and expenditure, as of the current fiscal year, for a second class municipality to which classification said. municipality is proposed to be elevated. In thai bud~et, the higher rates of salary of the municipal: officials and employees ~.s well as all the other statutory expenditures which a second class municipality has to undertake should be provided for. IFor comparative purposes, it is also requested that a copy of the annual budget of said municipality for the current fiscal year be submitted with these paipers. It is desired that both budgets be referred to the Provincial Treasurer for review and comment before submitting them to this Department."- Letter dated Dec. 20, 1948, of the Department of the Interior to the Provincial Governor of Bataan. Editor's note: The foregoing administrative requirements are in addition to those called for in Republic Act No. 130. In the case of. readji ustmenf ' of classification of a municipality,"'-.the Office of the President imposed t'll~ condition that the applicant municipal-' ity shall pay the full amount of the increase in salary of the Justice of the Peace resulting from such change in classification until the portion thereof payable by the National Government shall have been d'uly authorized in the annual General Appropriation , Act. (Ind. Jan. 19, 1949, of Office of President in case of Biiian, Laguna). Page 93 THE MUNICIPAL AUTONOMY LAW Second National Assembly) First Session )B'. ~o. 1072 [Commonwealth Act No. 472) AN ACT REVISING THE GENERAL AUTHORITY 0 F MUNICIPAL COUNCILS AND MUNICIPAL DISTRICT COUNCILS TO LE: V. Y TAXES, SUBJECT TO CERTAIN LIMITATIONS. Be it enaoted by the National Assembly of the Philippines: SECTION 1. 'A ·municipal council or municipal district council shall have authority to impose municipal license taxes upon persons engaged in any occupation or business·, or ' exercising privileges in the municipality or municipal district by requiring them to s·ecure licenses at rates fixed by the municipal council, or municipal' district council, and to collect fees and charges for services rend~red by the municip21llty or municipal distriCJt nnd shall otherwise have power to levy for rpubEc ;purposes, and for gchool purposes. including teachers' salaries, just and :miform taxes other than percentage taxes and taxes on specified articles. SEC. 2. Until higher rates of municipal license taxes are fixed, the municipal license taxes on the following businesses shall be as appearing opposite each, the amounts stated! being for the whole year, unless otherwise sp·ecified : (a) Retail dealers in tuba, basi, and tapuy, five pesos; _.- '(b)_: .Proprietors of cockpits, two hundred pesos; and for each cockfight (soltada), twenty-five centavos; (c) ·Proprietors of theaters, museums, cinematographs, and concert halls, one hundred pesos; or, by the month, ten pesos; (d) Proprietors of circuses giving exhibitions in one or more places or provinces, two · hundred pesos; or, by the month, twenty pesos; (e) Proprietors of billiard rooms• , for each table, ten pesos; Page 94 (f) Pawnbrokers, four hundred pesos. SEC. 3. lb shall be beyond the power of the municipal council and municipal district council to impose the following taxes, charges, and fees : (a) Cedula tax; (b) Documentary stamp tax; (cf Taxes on the business of persons mi.gaged in the printing and publication of any newspaper, magazine, reviiew, or bulletin appearing at regular intervals 'and · having fixed prices for subscription and sale and which is not published primarily for the puJ:'!pose of. publishing advertisements·; (d) Taxes on persons operating telephones and telegrwph lines ·or exchanges, broadcasting ·or wireles·s stations, and on persons selling light, heat, or power and engaged in the instaHation of gas, or electric light, heat, or power; : I (e) Taxes on the business of transportation 'contraCtors and persons engaged in the . transportation of passengers or freight by hire, and common carriers by land or water ; (f) Taxes on the business of wholesale dealers in liquors and formented li<1uors; tobacco dealers, wholesale peddlers of distilled, manufactured, or fermented liquors; wholesale peddlers of manufactured tobacco, stook, real esta:te, and commercial brokers; distillers of. spirits, brewers, rectifiers of distilled spirits·; manufacturers of tobacco; manufacturers of. cigars and cigarettes; and repackers of wines or distilled S{P'irits; (g) Taxes on cus.toms and immigration brokers, tawyers, medical practitioners, land surveyors, architects, public accountants, and civil, electrical, :nechanical or mining engineers, dental surgeons, opticians., photogr31Phers, engravers, and professional appraisers or connoisseurs of tobacco and other domestic or foreign products, chemists, registered nurses, insurance agents and subagents, veterinarians., ipharmacists, midwi.ves. THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW (h) Specific taxes on things manufactured or produced in the Philippines, or imported from the United Stllltes or foreign countries; · (i) Taxes of any kind on banks, insurance companies, and persons paying a franchise tax; (j) Charges on forest products; (k) Taires on mines and mining concessions; (l) Taxes on estates, inheritances, gifts, legacies, and other acquisitions mortis causa; (m) Taxes on income of any kind whatsoever; (n) Fees for testing, sealing, and licensing. of weights and measures; (o) Taxes on dealers in, and individual holders of, firearms, dynamite, powder, detonators, fuses or other high explosives and their componei;ts; and fees for the ,issuance of, huntmg permits; (p) Taxes on premiums paid by owners of property who obtain insurance directly with foreign insurance companies; ....,. ................ congratulatio?is~ .............................. ~ ! I • THE ~ ~ ~ LOCAL GOVERNMENT ~ ~ REVIEW ~ ~ is just the kind of magazine ~ t needed by all concerned. • • ~ • • • • - -»:«- - I l i FRANCISCO A. PERFECTO ~ Congressman from Ca.tanduanes ~ ~· ~ . ~ ~~-········· ....... ·····.._. ...................... : FEBRUARY, 1949 (q) Taxes or fees on the taking of marine mollusca, or the shellS1 of such, and fees for the iS.suance of pear!ingboat and pearl diver's licenses; (r) Taxes or fees for the privilege of fishing, collecting, or gathering sponges from the sea bottom or reefs and for prosipecting for sponges in any waters of the Philippines; (s) Taxes or fees for the registration of motor vehicles and for the issuance of all kinds of licenses or rpermi ts for the driving tihereof; (t) Customs duties, regi!>tration, wharfage, tonnag~, and all other kinds of customs fees, charges, and dues. SEC. 4. The approval of. the Secretary of Finance shaH be secured: (1) Whenever the rates of municipal license taxes fixed or imposed by ordinance of the municipal council or mu::iicipal district council by virtue of the provisions of · this Act exceed the rates of fixed internal revenue privilege taxes regularly imposed by the National Government upon the same businesses or occupation, except on hotels, reS1taurants, cafes, refreshment parlors, race tracks, and retail deal'ers in vino liquors and fermented liquors, and any tax or fee on livery stables, garages, and other :places or establishments where public vehicles and other conveyances are kept for hire; (2) Whenever the rate of fixed municipal license taxes on businesses not excepted in this Act or otherwise covered by the preceding paragraph and subject to the fixed annual tax imposed in section one hundred eighty-two of the National Internal Revenue Law, is in excess of fifty pesos per annum; and (3) Whenever the municipal license tax on any business, occupation, or privilege the rate of which is not limited above is increased by more than fifty per centum. Hawkers, peddlers, huck.gters, piano tu'Ilers, piano repairers who do noti carry on itheir trade in their own shops. or establishments, and proprietors of circuses, who have secured! Hcenses at the rates fixed by ordinance in any municipality or municipal district shall not (Continued on page 96) Page 95 POWERS AND DUTIES OF RURAL COUNCILS "Each barrio or rural subdivision with a barrio lieutenant shall also have four rural councilmen who shall be ap·JJointed in the same manner as the barrio lieutenants. These rural councilmen shall be duly qualified electors of the place. Their chairman shall be the barrio lieu1 tenant or, in his absence or inability, the substitute lieutenant. They shall serve without compensation. Their term of otfice shaH be fixed in their appointment. The officer who appointed them may, however, remove them or suspend' them from office for cause. They shall, together with the barrio lieutenant and substitute .lieutenant, form an organization which shall be known as rural council and shall have the following duties and powers: (a) to represent the barrio or portion of barrio where it is lo<:ated, in cases in which such representation is not incompatible with the personality of the municip'.ll council; (b) to hold a regular sess10n once a month; (c) to make their own rules of proceduire which shall be aipproved by the councilor of. the place before they take effect; (d) to suibmit to the municipal council, through said councilor such suggestions or recommendatio~s as rthey may see fit for improvements in their place or for the welfare of the inhabitants thereof; (e) to provide for the publication by town crier or such other means a., they may see fit, of new laws and municipal ordinances they may consider as important; (f) to organize at ]·east three times a year civic lectures tending to generalize information concerning the duties and rights of citizenship ; and (-g) to offer to the Government the cooperaJtion necessary locally for the success of. measures of general intere&t. The rural councilmen may hold their sessions in the 1 public school building of the place during hou:rs when there are no classes, Page 96 <'r in any house. or lot in the barrio the provisfonal or permanent use of which may be granted to them for said purpose free of charge; and shall elect from among their number a secretary who shall prepare short minutes of the proceedings of the council and draft the recommendation or suggestions to be sur bmitted by the same to the municipal council, in either of the official laniguages of the country or in rhe local dialect." - Act No. 3861 of the Philippine Leg,isTature, Approved Nov. 13,. 1931; See Sec. 2219112, Revised Administrative Code. --»«-,..... ................................................... ...,......, ~ For Visual Defects Consult: ~ ~ ~ ~ Anacletosc~nt~~I o~t~~~~ Optical j . ~ • Scientific Eye Examination, Modern ~ .~;;• Apparatus, Precision Machineries & l ~ Complete Prescription Service. 600 Rizal Avenue Cor. Raon, Ma nila 63 Escolta, (Cryi;tal Arcade), Manila Session Road, Baguio • ~ ....................................................................... ~ Autonomy ... be required to take out lic.enses in any other municipality or municipal' district through which they may travel for business, unless rthe term for the renewal of such lieenses shall have expired. SEC. 5. Acts Numbered Thfoty-four hundred and twenty-two, Thirty-seven hundred, Thirty-seven hundred and ninety, Thirty-eight hundred and thirty-three, and 1 Four thousand and nineteen, are repealed. SEC. 6. This Act shall take effect on its approval. Approved, Ju,ne 16, 1939. THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW NATIONAL SOLIDARITY AND PRACTICAL INTERNATIONALISM [Extemporaneous Speech of President Elpidio Qitirino on opening the First Conference o.f Provincial Governors and City Mayors since he assumed office as President of the. Philippines on April 1"1, 1948, convened at Malacaiian Social Hall on October 4, 1948] "I am haippy to welcome you this morning to thi's my first conference with provincial and city executives since I assumed office. I called this conference so that we may coordinate our respective functions in the execution of the programs and administration of government. Coordina(ion of Activities "I have diverted from the old practice of having the members of the Cabinet address you as guests. I want them to directly participate· in your deliberations as my representatives so that they can freely discuss the manner of coordinating the activities of their respective d~artments with It.hose of your provincial units. In this way you will have an opportunity to be nearer to the department heads and be abl!e to deal with them more effectively and perhaps more successfuJ.ly. I want you to discuss w1th them freely as if you1 were taking up matters with me for they are in facit the extension of the president's personality. Pressing Problems of Public Administration "My friends, there are many pressing matters that pror.opted me to call this conference. The Republic's first two years of life have been ·primarily .devoted to planning, to blueprinting ·Our program of administration. Although we have executed some of the policies we have adopted, there are still many which await execution. "Many and varied are the problems before us. but the most pressing ones in my opinion are the question of peace ~.nd order, of economic development, of solidifying and unifying our country in an effort to make this an integrated, firm, strong and enduring government. Jn order fo accomplish all these objectives. which are uppermost in our minds. it is necessary that we all contribute to the total effort in our re~.pective jurisdictions. FEBRUARY, 1949 Peace and Order "Of course, peace and order is the most irnJPortant of aH. ! Without peace and order, without tranquility in our mind, without our fields and our homes, being protected, without our industries heing safe we shall find it difficult to carry out our program of economic development. And economic development, my friends, is the key to the stability of this nation. "In my effort to maintain peace and order, you all know that I extended amnesty to the dissident elements. I was supported by the party. I was supported by the Congress. I was supported by the Council of State. And I was supported by all factions. Public opinion today is unanimous for eradicating their menace to our enduring existence. We of the government did not fail. We have accomplishep eve'rything expected of us. I have extended to the dissidents all benefits under the Constitution. I have given all kinds of relief, specially to the peasants whose cause I have espoused. I have given food, I have given med~cine, I have given clothing, I have given money in crop loans. I even gave them lawyers and equipment plus money for the legal needs of dissident elements with cases in court as those for sedition. I have given them liberty. I have given their leader more. He was given complete freedom to collect his salary . . .his backpay, his secretary's salary, and he even mortgaged his future salary ; he received all privileges extendable to members of Congress. Page D7 National Solidarity ... "The social amelioration program was adopted after a lengthy discussion with the participation of the leaders of the dissidents. Even the leaders of the opposition were there, especially the right-thinking members of the intellectual group, the Democratic Alliance headed by Judge Jesus. Barrera. Both Judge Barrera and Taruc were present when we . disc1:1ssed and adopted i;he social amelioration program which embraces all the measures necessary ';o relieve the suffering peasants. w:e are 'in the midst of. executing this social amelioration program. "Blut we have been obstructed by those who pretend to champion the cause of the peasants. The officials I have appointed to constitute the action committee to supervise in the field the carrying out of the 6-point social amelioration program are in constant fear· of, depredations and raids by dissident elements. We have ~······ ..... ······················~ • • : ~ • • ~ Greetings! : • • : ~ : The publication of the Local ~ : Government Review should be ~ : welcomed by everyone, .especially ~ : . ~ by those who need information re- : ; garding the administration of our ~ : municipal, city and provincial gov- ~ : ernments. ~ • • ; I wish The Local Government ~ • Review success in its chosen field ~ : . : of endeavor. ~ : ~ ~ ENRIQUE B. MAGALONA ~ : Senator ~ : ~ ~ = ~ .............................................................................. ~ Page 98 been able to induce the peasant to come down from the hills in order that they may be able to cultivate again the land they had left idle for the last two or three years. Many have returned to their homes and, I presume, .Jived as peaceful ciitizens for a period of 50 days. And yet, simply because of the menace of. impending war some people, perhaps among them dissident elements, saw it timely ito defy and wrest the government from us so that they can rnle together with others, imposing tbpon us a foreign loyalty. "Thus; the dissidents have gone back to the hills and defied the government. So what can I do? I cannot change the laws. I cannot promise dissidents firearms when the laws do not allow them to possess arms without license. Our civilian population is not entitled by law to possess firearms without .license and I cannot, without legislation, extend a higher privilege to dissident elements so that · 'they will call themselves the privileged class, demanding from us the disarming of civilian guards and the redeployment of the Constabulary and the Army. "So what I did, my friends, is to give instructions to the Constabulary and all the armed forces of the Philippines to check this movement which is retarding not only the execution of our program of social amelioration hut also that of our economic development, especially in Central- Luzon, our granary. We need more rice for it is the staple food of the Filipinos. "Now, my friends, I want to report to you that the question of peace and order has been altered. Bu:t it was altered, I think, at last, at long last, for our good. I offered the dissidents my left hand in which I placed' the food, the medicine, the clothing, money and charity . . . everything that can be given them in order to alleviate their sufferings. I told them frankly o·n that very day when I went to visit THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW them in central Luzon two or three months ago that, if necessary, I would use my right hand . . . and God forbid that I use it at any time, because in my right hand I have the bullets. I told' them frankly and I was sincere in teHing them and I meant H. But they defied the government. The government must be respected. Our laws must be obeyed. This is the only way by which we can establish here a government strong and enduring, one that will live for ages. We are following this policy. (Applause). "So, my friends, 'Peace and order is the most important matter that we should have in mind during OUT conference. We are proud to have been referred to in internationa1' councils and conferences as a peaceful country. We have even been pointed out as a successful experiment in democracy. This being the only democraUc, independent country on this side of the g-lobe, we are proud to have enjoyed the fame of being one of the countries in the world that know how to maintain peace and order. We want to live :1p to that reputation oy upholding the dignity of this government. Social A melioration "The social amelioration 'Program has been spread in the minutes of the cabinet as well as of the council of state. It is a program by which I think we can obliquely approach our social and ·economic problems. It is my great hope that if we can implement this program, carry it out, and execute even its smaHest details, it will mean prosperity and happiness to our .peopl'e. I therefore ask you, each and everyone of you, to be wide awake and clear the deok for the execution of this program by guarding your respecitive jurisdictions against the untoward conduct, attitude and aggressiveness of the dissident elements. Economic Development "My friends, economic development, as I said, is 1he key to a permanent, stable peace and <prosperity. The whole world is watching the PhilipFEBRUARY, 1949 pines, specially those who are fighting .!lnd struggling and constituting themselves into an asset under the United Nations. The Philippines is considered as the depository of many varied and numerous treasures. We have the greatest mines not only in number but in quality. Our rivers and seas abound in rich wealth. Our -lands, I need not remind you, are so fertile we need not exert too much effort when we sow to be sure of a good harvest. Ornr air is adaptable to international communicaition and is an obligatory point in international air travel. r All the airlines are converging in the ·Philippines or Manila as an international airport, from the north to the south, and from the east to the west, or vice versa. International commerce is con• verging also in our country. Strategically 'located, the Phi!iippines also has rncial-economic, commercial, as well as intellectual prestige. "Economic development, my friends, is not alone in our hands. It is also in the hands of those who have been invited to help us develop our land. Many of them would bring in capital. Some of them would come with ;technical knowledge. Some would come with technical experience. Many of those who otherwise would be eager, :md ready to come and help us with inspiration and perspiration to develop this country are now a;pprehensive that, because of temporary conditions_ in the Philippines, they . may· expose themselves to the hazards of unprofitable investment. So it is necessary that we maintain peace and order r,nd tell the whole world that we are ready to coo<perate with those wellmeaning friends of ours from abroad. "'We cannot by ourselves and with 1 rnr own resources, carry out the task of developirtg this country. We have to count upon sympathetic friends who will cooperate with us. It is nice to talk of defending our own liberties, of protecting our own rights, of not allowing foreigners to' dictate what we should do in this country, yet this is nothing but mere talk. In the act:.ial practice, in the practice of the world Page 99 today, there is not a single nation thait can call itself sufficient and alone. Need of Practical Internatiorualism "We are not alone in the world. We are traveling along the high road of internationaI .J'ife. We have our own friends and those friends who welcome us in their territory would also expect us to welcome them in vur own territory. Initernational cooperation. is necessary not only here but everywhere. rwe are sending representatives abroad. We are paying salaries to ambassadors, ministers, and consuls to develop owr international relations and along with those inter:iational relations is fundamentally our economic relations. So it is incongruous on our part to say that we do not need foreign cooperation in, our national life. Sane internationalism, practical internationalism from the point of view of our protection . . . that is what we need today. Capital and Industrialization "W,e invite capital. Every :Filipino citb.en who goes abroad either to the United States or to ·Europe, or to any other part of the ·world, always speaks of cooperation, always · invites foreign cap.jtal, asks foreign elements to come and cooperate with us in the development of this country. Let us make that good: but reserving those things which we need so that we may not lose control of our life. "Economic development will be the main activity of this nation for generations. We are now only rel:>uilding what were destroyed during the last war. We need to develop this country further. Expansion and development need foreign capital. I invite everyone of you to be broad-minded ait the same time that yow are indisputably patriotic and zealous of our independence. "The moment we secure the lean for which we have applied from the World Bank to finance our project of !'.ar-· nessing hydroelectric power both in Luzon and Mindanao, we shall inaugurate our program of industrialization. To think of a vast program of industrialization today may not be timely, but after the initial establishment of Page 100 hydroelectric power, we may expand in Central Luzon and in Mindanao. At the start we· shall supply cheaip electric power nort only to populated districts but also to the mines, factories, and even small industries. Having done this, we shall be able to determine our next step. In Mindanao we also expect to establish a plant ~o manufacture fertilizers with which to modernize and intensify our agricultural activities. I am quite sure that once the Maria Cristina falls is harnessed, we shall be abl!e to supply the need for fertilizers of. sugar lands in Negros as well as ricelandls an(Ywhere, iri Central Luzon, the Cagayan Valley and, perhaips, M!indanao as well. "My friends, these are the three major projects of industrialization which we have in mind. We are no longer planning, we are ready to execute a well-defined program. The World Situation "1 But the world situation today is increasingly menacing. While people talk of war, whil'e people talk of ne~········· ............................. l ~ N. 0. Barrios Trading ~ ~ ~ t ~ General Merchandising I ~ • OF.FICE SUPPLIES ~ ~ . ~ PAPER SUPPLIES ~ ~ ENGINEERING SUPPLIES i ~ CRYSTAL SOUND DEVICES ~ I 403 sta. M'" m,d I ~ Manila, Philippines ~ ~ . t~ ..................................................... ~ ............ ~ THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW gotiations and while people philosophize on whaJt the United Nations mw do-while present and imminent world conflict occupy world powers in general-one thing is certain: The!'€ are two powers who are restless, one represented by the !White Bear and the other represented by the democracies which have uriited themselves in selfdefense and against totalitarian doctrines. The situation has passed beyon~. the stage of cold war. Unity and Integration "I am not sure that, if war comes, the . Philippines will be directly affected. There may be some advantages, ~ome bl'essings in disguise, if war breaks out and we are dragged info its vortex.. But it is always imperative that we unite and ·be prepared for any eventuality. We must unify this nation. There must be unity, there must be national solidarity and integration. "My friends, the whole world has its eyes on us. The Philippines must be a successful experiment in democracy, not only to gratify our tside observations but also to achieve our d'ream of centuries. To insure this result we must have a solid, integrated and united nation. ·The peculiar position of our country, divided into several thousand islands, makes imperat.ive greater efforts toward unity. From the north, therefore, to the far south, from Batanes 1o Jolo, Cagayan, Ilocos and Pampanga, I appeal to every one. F'orget our regional nomenclature arid live only as o.ne people. "Of course, we cannot avoid s'peaking in our homes the language that our mother has thought us but we have already adopted the Tagalog as our nationa~ lanlguage. Eventually, we will solidify our nation perhaps by a mutual surrender of some of our region&! .loyalties in order ito buil'd it into a single and solid unit. I appeal to you to help eradicate as much as possible the traditional curstom to recognize as closer to our hearts those who have lived with us together in the same region. Let us accusfom ourselves to living as one united, integrated nation. FEBRUARY, 1949 Winning Confidence of the People "My friends, there is nothing that I wish to empbasize more as head of this government than the necessity of winning and strengthening 1he confidence of the people, not necessarily in the Liberal party nor in the Nacionalista party, but in the administration, in the Republic of. the Philippines. We have been wont to consider the administration as merely that of the Liberal party. This is not the cas·e. There are at least eight provincial executives who belong to the Nacionalista party. But once you are governors, my friends, you belong to this adminisrtration. You don't belong to the NacionaIista nor to the Liberal party. You belong (Applause) to .the administration. Your success will be our success and your failure will be the failuire of this administration of this Republic. Official Integrity "One of the things uppermost in your minds should be official integrity. Official irutegrity is the key to the confidence and trust of the people. Place vourselves in closer contact with the people. Watch your subordinates. Even a messenger in the mayor's office sometimes speaks for the municipal administration. The same thing applies- 1o provincial government as it would apply to the national government. The humblest employee, the meanest laborer in the 'P·:.iblic service carries the flag of the government and when he besmirches that flag he besmirches its prestige. So I want you to guard against ithis possibility. Watch your subordinates, both provincial and municipal officials, so that none of them will go wrong. And I would like you to have closer, more frequent contact with the people. Making People at Home with the Government "In the p_ ast we cons• tituted a group visiting far-flung communities in an effort to bring the people closer to the government. We must do so not only during election time because we want iv show that we have the interest of the veople in the barrios but also now because we want to know their reaction to our administration and the Page 101 program we have adopted. Our objective is to make the people be a.it home with the government. We do not only adjust ourselves to them. Let us see that the people adjust themselves also to the government which is af.ter their own welfare, benefit and happiness. .Frequent visits and contact end in intimate relationship, which is the essence of t< he program of winning the confidence. of the people. "I therefore · request each and everyone of you ·to inspect youir provinces, your municlpaJ.ities, your barrios as frequently as possible. Take the people into your cenfidence, rtalk to them about your plans. Give them a chance to teli you not only of t1 heir wishes but of. their gr·ievanC'es because once they get out of their system their pent up feeling against the administration, they will feel relieved. Give them a chance to lambast you under your very nose but, of course, be ready tO defend yourselves and come out thriumphant. Time to Act and Serve the People "Now, my fr.iends, let us devote our full time to the question of administering the affairs of our people. We have been elected for four years. All of us wm cease office in December, 1949. rw: e only have one full year now to show our wares to the people. If in the <past you have been quite indifferent to the interest of your constdtuency, we still have one more year to show ouir deep interest in their welfare. rw e are paid to administer the affairs of the government. " 1iVe will make available to you all the help, all the available appropriations, all . the available <power and all the availaible privileges for you to accomplish your commitments to your constituencies. Never in the history of the ·Philippine Congress has there been appropriated more money for public works than in this last session. Never in the past have we appropriat0d more money for various activitjes than in the last two or three regular sessions of Congress. VerHy, this administration has already prepared, almost completed, the basis of a stable and independent government. All we Page 102 have to do is to follow up the activities we have planned and started and with earnestness · and aggressiveness, accomplish those which are in our power to undertake in order to mlllke our program a real success. We have made all availabl'e appropriations for public works expendable immediately, specially in typhoon~stricken areas. We have given facilities to every agen~ cy of the government so t:hat it can serve the <people to the utmost. "We have one good example. When the Camiguin volcano erupte(I. we showed how quickly we are able to respond to the needs of suffering people. cAll availabre ship were sent there, and representatives of the government, bringing relief goods, rushed there. It·was a miracle rthat without much fanfare we were uble to handle that cafamity in such a way that speaks well of this administration. I am proud of the intervention of all the agencies of the government in coping with the sit:uation. "I am quite hopeful also that a time is nigh approaching when the question of <peace and order will be solved in the same cooperative manner, for it has got to be solved by all means. I hope the dissident elements will stop crying to the skies for benefits that cannot come except from the skies; that they will realize that this government is their government; and that no other government wiH <lominate this country now or in the future: (Applause). · "My fri·ends, I ask everyone of you to contribute your earnest effort in the deliberations to achieve the coordination of the programs and activities cf this administration. You have one year, I repeat, not to talk, not to discuss, but to act. I1mmediate action, effective action, national aotion- that is what fa expected of us. Thank you for coming. (Arpplause) r...,,. ... compliments of ... ....,,,,......, ... ~ ........................... . • • ~ Hon. ROQUE ISLA. : ~ City Councilor : . ~ ~ San Pablo City • t ................................................................... ..... .. J THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW ON THE BACK PAY LAW (Speech delivered by Mr. Jose Erestain, Chief Law Officer, at the C<mferMice of the Provincial and City Auditors held at Manila on October 21, 1948.) Hon. Auditor General Agregado, Hon. Deputy Audit<:>r General Joven Fellow co-workers and friends;: Before I dweU upon the subject assigned to me, I would like to take the opportunity to :pay tribute to ~ i_nan who, by his courage and patr10t1sm, has stood firm in upholding the Constitutional powers and pr~rogatives of his office and made poss1~le the realization of the desire of the framers of the Constitution that we shall have an independent General Auditing Office. I ref.er, gentlemen, to our beloved Chief, Anditor General Manuel A17regado. (Alpp.lause) Mr. Agregado is a man of broad human understanding, and yet he is not easily swayed in the exercise of his judgment. ·As Chief of our Office he is like ·a father to us, but at the 'same time he is a strict disciplinarian. To the claimants and the general :public, he is fair, reason::ble and amicable, but at the same time he is firm in his decisions and courageous in maintaining his convicti?~s. Thus we find in him all the qualities uf a real watchdog of the treasury: FAIRNESS, F1RMNESS, and COUR.A GE. The other day, I was talking to ai~ authority on the Constitution, Dr. .Jose M. Aruego, the author of "Know Your Constitution" and "The Framing of the Constitution". Dr.Aruego told me that in order that the provisions of the Constitution regarding the inciP.nendence of the General Auditing Office may be fully complied with, it is required that the Auditor General should be courageous to assert hi,; Constitutional powers and prerogatives :ogainst possible incursions from other departments of the Government. He said that a "yes-man" Auditor wiH snell doom to this Constitutional ideal. He believes that Mr. Agregado is the FEBRUARY, 1949 ri!!'ht man to maintain that ideal beca~use of hfs firmness and courage in upholding his constiturt;ional powers and observing faithfully his duties. E,ver i;ince he assumed office about two years ago, his service record is repl.ete with examples that he has tried his best to n-.aintain the Constitutional ideal. IB<ut eternal vigilance is the price of liberty· and so he continues to fight for th~t ideaL lAtldedo to this task iS' the t~sk left to hlm by the late President Roxas th.at he should work for the restoration of the high prestige of the General Auditing Office. In this twofold tas·k, in this herculean task of fighting for the independence and high prestige of our Office, our beloved Chief certainly deserves our unswerving loyalty and wholehearted cooperation. I appeal rto you, gentlemen, I appeal to each and every one of you, to unite as one man in restoring and maintaining the high prestige of our :::>ffice. (Applause) I may be the youngest officer among you, I was only your messenger about twenty-five years ago, but let me at least voice this ph~a for unity, for official and personal harmony among us so ;that we can all measure up to ~he expectations of. the framers of the Constitil.tion in connection with our duties and at the same time we shall ~be contributing folly to President Quirino's program of res-taring the confidence of the people in the Government. Gentlemen, let us show to our Chief not only in words but in deeds· that we are solidly behind him in this two-fold task of maintaining the indepen.dence and high pres, tige of our Office. And let us not forget his advice to us t hat we cannot be really Joyal to him unless we are first loyal to the' principles for which our Office stands. (P'rolonged applause) Permit me now to greet you all, especially the provincial and city auditors. In the name of the staff in the Central Office. I wish to e~tend to you our most cordial welcome in YO'Jr comPage 103 ing to visit us and in this short conference where we will have a sort of family reunion and talk things over. The subject "On The Back Pay Law" has been ailotted to .me, and alihough I don't profess to be an expert on the subjec·t., I would, however, en<lMvor to point out the distinctive features of the law and try to clear some of the doubts on the interpretation to be given to Hs provisions. It must be reniembered that the Back 'Pay Law was passed by Congress only d·uring its last sine dtie session; some of its provisions were adopted only after the conference comr1iittees of .both chambers of. Congress hi>.d met to thresh out certain divergent views mid decided to adopt a certain compromise. As a matter of fact, some of the discussions on the bill k.sted until the hlte morning hours of the BinPdie session and the impression gathered is that the bill was adopted with the unde!'standing that any defect which may hnve been overlooked during the rush discussions will be remedied! by subs€quent legislations. I understand that even Senator Magalona who is the author of the Back Pay Law considC!'S some of the provisions thereof. as unjust and defective and he has publicly announced that he will introduce the necessary amendments in the forthcoming session of Congress. But, however defective the Jaw may be, until the same is amended, we have to interpret its provisions not in a way as to substitute our judgment on what should have been the Jaw but , to give force to the .Jaw as it presently stands. In other words, we cannot and we have no power to introduce administrative legislations to correct the defects of the Jaw; until the law is amended and s·uch amendment shall have become effective, the law however unreasonable or unjust it may be, must be applied! and enforced under the prin<:'iple of dura lex sed lex. I shall now proceed to give some pointers on the provisions of • the Back Pay Law (Republic Act No. 304), in the light of the decisions rendered by this Office and the opinions handed Page 104 down by the Secretary of Justice: I. Who are entitled to back pay? Under Section 1 of. Republic ·Act No. 304, only the following persons are entitled to back pay: a. Officers, employees and persons under contract with the Government of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, who were serving in the classified or unclassified .service of the national, provincial, city' or municipal governments on December 8, 1941; b. Officers, employees and ·persons under contract with the University of the· Philippines who were in the .service thereof on December 8, 1941: c. Officers, employees and persons under contract with corporations owned or controlled by the Government who were in the service thereof on December 8, 1941; d. Officers and employees of the free local civil governments, ·provincial and municipal, duly organized for purposes of resistance agains·t the enemy; THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW provided, they do not come under any ,,f the following groups who are not entitled to back pay: a. Officers and enlisted men of the U. S. Army and commissioned officers of the U. S. Coast & Geodetic Survey and the U.S.P.H. and Quarantine Ser.vice on detail wit, the Commonwealth Government: b. Officers and employees found guilty after due .trial of treason. espionage, or any act constitu,ting disloyalty to the Government of the Philippines or of the U. S. at any time during the enemy occupation of the Philippines, unless ;pardoned or granted amnesty; c. Officers and employees who re. ceived salaries fr.om ~he Refugee Government of the Commonwealth of the Philippines in the U.S.A. or elsewhere. Important points to be remembered: 1. That the applicant-officer or (:mployee must be in the service of the National, provincial, city or municipal governments or the University of the Philippines or of. government-owned or controlled corporations on December 8, 1941. Those who were appointed subsequent thereto, altho they were actually serving on December 31, 1941, or on the date of enemy occupation of the province or city concerned, are not entitled to back pay. 2. The term "elsewhere" used in the phrase "officers and employees who received salaries from the Refugee Government of. the Commonwealth of the Philippines in the U.S.A. or dsewhere" refers; to Australia or to a place outside the Philippines which was made a temporary seat of the Refugee Government; it does not include Corregidor nor the Visayas nor Mindanao where the Commonwealth Government continued to function for sometime after the fall of Manila. Hence, officers and employees of 1he National, provincial, city or municipal governments, who received salaries from the Commonwealth Government in Corregidor where the seat of the Commonwealth Government was locatFEBRUARY, 1949 cd for sometime are not excluded from receiving ·back pay (Martinez case). II. Who are the unclassified employI'S entitled to back pay? Section 671 of the Administrative Code enumerates the officials and employees embraced within the unclassified civil service, among whom are: (1) elective officials, (2) secretaries of provincial boards, (3) laborers. Municipal secretaries are also considered as embraced in the unclassified' civil service. (Opinion of the Commissioner of Civil Service) Elective rprovincial and municipal officials· are entitled to back pay only up to the date of the expiration of their term (December 31, 1943) as they were not entitled to hold over af\ already decided by our Supreme C o u r t. Secretaries of provincinl boards are entitled to back pay for the whole period of enemy occupation as they were entitled to 'hold office until their successors shall have been appointed (Sec. 2098, Ad'm. Code). Municipal secretaries are also entitled AMERICAN GOODS CO. Tuguegarao Branch, Cagayan Always ready to serve your needs of ·Firearms * Ammunition * "Zeno" & "New Ray" Beauty Supplies. Representative of The Local Government Review in Cagayan VaUey Provinces Page 105 to back pay for the whole period of enemy occurpation because under Section 2178 of the Administrative Code, they were entitled to continue in office until their successors shall have been appointed. With respect to laborers, the following points should be remembered: 1. Laborers occupying positions in the appropriation act, budget or included in the plantilla of personnel who were in the service on December 8. 1941, are entitled to back rpay, regardless of the period of service rendered prior thereto. Z. Laborers ill specific projects the appropriations for which were to last only up 1o a certain period who were in the service on December ,8, 1941, are entitled to back pay up to the date such ·projects were supposed to have been terminated, regardless of the period of service rendered prior to that date. In both classes of laborers, the sixmonths period of. service prior 1o December 8, 1941, prescribed in our previous memorandum circulars as a requisite to entitle them to the three months' ad'vance pay and the two months' gratuity under Administrative Order No. 27 and Executive Order No. 83, is not a requisite for the back pay; as long as they were appointed on or before December 8, 1941, and were in the service on said date, they are entitled to back pay (Op·inion of the Sec1·etary of Justice, dated August 12, 1948). 3. Laborern who would have been laid off before the liberation of. the dty or province concerned by virtue of the completion of their work, are entitled to br,ck pay only up to the time they would have been laid off, minus the deductible amounts mentioned in Section 7 of the Back Pay Law, viz.: three months' advance pay, two months' gratuity and any bacik pay received or to be received from the U. S. Government. This is also true with employes whose fm1ctions were supposed to terminrJe on a specified time. Thus, in an c-.ctual case in Pampanga, the Page 106 back p:1y of deputy assessors who were employed in 1941 in connection with the general revision of assessment in s:ctid province which project was S11.1pposed to last untH June 30, 1942, only, was allowed to be computed up to said date only. (Tuazon case) 4. A laborer, permanent or tempo;:ary, who was in the service on Dece;:nber 8, 1941, but who resigned between December 9, 194.l and December 31, 1941 (in the case of laborers in Manila) or the date of occupation of the city or province by the enemy, is not entitled to back pay (Orpinion of the Sec. of, Justice, d'ated Aug. 12, 1948). This is also true with officials and employees similarly sjtuated. III. WhaAt period should the back r .. ay cover? The law explicitly states that in the case of offices situated in the provinces, the back pay shall be computed from the day of · the occUJpation of each province or city by the Japanese up to the date of. the liberation thereof, the date of occupation or 'liberation of the capital to be deemed as the date of the occupation or libera:tion of the province, respectively. Please note that the law says up to the date of the liberation. In computing the back pay, the date of the liberation of the city or province should, therefore, be induded. Under our :Memorandum Circular' No. 61, t:he d:>.>tes of occupation and liberation of the various cities and provinces as certified by the Secretary of. the foterior shall be cons1 idered as the official dates of occupation or liberation to be followed in computing the back pay. IV. Are retired officials, employees or laborers entitled to back pay? It depends. If the official, employee or laborer concerned was retired effective a date prior to the date of the enemy occupation of the dty or province concerned, he is no longer entitled to back pay, because in such case he was no longer in the service during the period covered by the enemy occupation and, therefore, could not have received salary even if the war did not break out. Thus, in the case of a laborer of the City of Manila who was retired THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW under Act 4183 effective January 1. 1942, this Office ruled that said laborer is not entitled to back pay (Montalbo call€, City of Manila). If the official, employee or laborer was retired, say under \Act 2589, or AC't 4183, as of a date subsequent to that of the occupation of the city or province concerned, he will be entitled to back pay only up to the day immediately preceding the effective date of his retirement. . V. Are amounts received by prewar officials or employees from the local civil governments organized for purposes of resistance against the enemy for services rendered •thereto deductible from lvis back pay in his ccipacity as such pre-war official or em1iloyee? In an opinion rend~red by the Secretary of Justice; dated August 3, 1948 (Opinion No. 216) it waS' ruled foat such amounts are not proper deductible items from the back pay. This opinion has been applied and followed by this Office in the cases submitted to us for decision. VI. In connection with the back pay of teachers, the following points have already been clarified:· a. Substit ute teachers are entitled to back pay but only up to the expiration of their substi>tutionary appointments if fixed, or up to the date the regular incumbents were expected to return to du• ty. (2nd Ind. Aug. 20, 1948) b. In computing the back pay of temporary and emergency teachers, vacation periods falling within the period for which back pay is claimed should be deduded. (Idem; par. 9·, Mem. Cir. No. 61, dated Aug. 9, 1948) VII. Are allowances (for quarters, subsistence, laundry, imiform) to be included in the back pay? Paragraph 7 of our Memorandum Circular No. 61, provides that allowances. for quarters, subsistence and laundry shall not be considered in the back pay claim. This n;le is not, however, absolute and a distinction should be made between allowances which are by specific proviEion of law allowed to be commuted and those where there is no authority for the commutation of the same. In FEBRUARY, 1949 the first case, if the officers and employees whose positions are specifically provided with allowances were on January 1, 1942, or on the date of the enemy occupation of. the city or vrovince concerned as the case may be, actually receiving amounts as outright commutation of the allowance pursuant to an existing law, such amount will be considered in the computation of the back pay. On the other hand, if the allowance was not given as an outright commutation but the corresponding amount was to be given to the owner of the building, house, occupied by >the officer or employee or to the person rendering the service (laundry or making the uniform) in the absence of government quarters or facilities for '..he purpose, such allowance should not be included in the back vay claim. Thus. in the case of the Property Officer of the iBureau of Public Works. whose position was specifically provided with quarters in the appropriation act, but where there was no specific provision of law allowing the commutation thereof. and was merely granted a "house allowance" of 1"50.00 a month, pending the availability of government quarters, the said amount to be paid >to the owner of the house occupied by him, the aforesaid amount of 1"50.00 was not allowed by this Office to be included in his back pay claim. (Vil'laflor case, B. P. W.) 'VIII. It is the policy of our Office not to render opinion on . hypothetical cases. It is, therefore. r~quested that Provincial and City Auditors avoid sending queries to the Central Office which are not based on actual facts. We further request you to apprise government officials and private persons of this policy of our Office and advise them to refrain from sending queries to us for decision which are based on merely hypothetical cases. IA>S it is now, our Law Department is flooded with such hypothetical cases, thus resulting in considerable delay in the dispatch of more important matters. IX. Provincial and City Auditors tire requested to see to it that before 1:ending papers to the Cenrtral Office (Contimied on page 112) Page 107 OFFICI O• TM PRISIDHT. OJ' TM~ PMILlPPl•&S · MAl.ACAiiAM PHILIPPINES HERALDRY COMMITTEE ACTUAL SIU APPA.OY&D BY 011 Page 108 THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW THE MUNICIPAL POLICE LAWANNOTATED by JUAN F. RIVERA Member of the Philippine Bar and Chief, Provincial Division, Devartment of the Interior (Continued from. first issue) POWERS AND DUTlE'S IN GENERAL Powers of veace officers generally. -The powers of peace officers in the Philippines, generaHy sitated, are the same as those conferred upon constables under the Anglo-American Common Law. The extent of their .. :rnthor.ity to make · arrests without. warrant and the limitations thereon. .as held by the Supreme Court, are as stated in the language of the Legistnre in the Charter of the City of Ma:1ila, 1 which provjdes that such peace ()t"icers are authorized, within the juris.dictional limits of the city or withi!l the police limits defined by law, "to pursue and arrest, w.ithout warrant, .any person found in suspicious places or under suspicious circumstances reasonably tending ito show that such person has committed, or is about to -commit, any crime or breach of the peace; to arrest or cause to be arrested, without warrant, i:ny offender when the offense is committed in ithe presence of a peace officer or within his view; in such 1 pursuit or arrest, to enter any buHding, ship, boat, or vess~l. <>r take into custody any person therem suspected of being concerned in such ·crime or breach of the peace, and any property suspected of having been stolen".2 The Administrative Code {Sec. 2204, edition of 1916; sec. 2258, edition of. 1917) en.joins municipal policemen to "exercise vigilarice in the prevention of public offenses."3 One shouM however not expect too much of an ordinary policeman. He i$ not presumed to exercise the subtle reasoning of a judicial officer. Often ne has no opportunity to make proper investigation but must act in hast:e on FEBRUARY, 1949 his own belief to prevent the escape of the criminal. To err is human. Even the most conscientious offieers rr,ust at times be misled. If, therefore, und'er trying circumstances and in a zealous effort to obey the orders of his superior officer and fo enforce the law, :i peace officer makes a mere mistake :rr good faith, he should be exculpated . Otherwise, the courts will put a premium on crime and wi.JI terrorize peace officers through a fear of themselves violating the law. (See generally Voorhes on Arrest; 5 Corpus. Juris, pp. 399, 416; 2 R. C. L., 450) 3 The applicable principles of the American and Engl'ish Common Law as to the powers of peace officers are not essentially different from those of the Spanish law.4 Both rest upon the 8ame foundation of reason and com-· mon sense.s Duties in General.6-All members of the J?Olice force should be gUtided by a strict sense of. justice .in the performt>nce of their duties. Their value to the people will be dem<;mstraited by constant vigilance, strict decorum, and force of character. They should bear in mind that although certain hours are set apart as tours of duty for certain members; yet i• t is their duty at all times within their respective municipalities to preserve peace, prevent crime, arrest offenders, and' to protect the rights of all tpersons and property. Whenever directing a person or answering inquiries in the performance of their duties, they shall do so in a ;:iolite and respectful manner, endeavoring to gain the good will and respect of the public. All members of the police force must be especially careful not to use their position for fudherPage 109 Police Law ... r~ ......................................... , . ~ ;ng any personal ends or for the avenging of any personal wrong. ~ TRES HERMANAS RESTAURANT 1 Whenever required to act, a peace officer shall do so with judgment, firmness, and decision; but shall always be gentle in the handling of women whatever may be their behavior or the charge made against them. They shall use persuasion and mild methods in the execution of their orders, never using more force than is absolutely necessary. t • • 448 Estero Cegado, Manila ( t ~ ~ HOME OF FILIPINO FOODS: • 1 ; Sinigang, Adobo, Lechon, ~ Lumpia, etc. ~ • • ~ Sanitary " Courteous Service ~ L .................................................... j 1. U. S. v. Fortaleza, 12 Phil. 472. 6. Paragraphs 58-61 & 48-49, Manual For The Municipal Police and 44-45, Stat<> Police Regulations. 2. Sec. 2463, Adm. Code (1917). 3. U. S. v. Santos, 36 Phil. 854. 4. U. S. v. Sanchez, 27 Phil. 442. · (To be continued) 5. U, S. v. Santos, 36 Phil. 854. ~~ i.n FIREARAfS * AMMUNITIONS 'We Se/JAll kinds of F'irearms and Ammunitions, especially on the following: Remington Automatic, Model 1112, 16 & 20 ga. Remington, Repeater, Model 131-A, 12, 16 & 20 ga. Winchester, Model 12, 12, 16 & 20 ga. Winchester, Repeater, Model 97, 12 & 16 ga. Winchester, Model 37, Single Shot, 16 ga. Harrington & Richardson, 12 gauge L. C. SmJth, Double Barrel, 12 gauge Browning, Automatic, Caliber 12 & 16, 30 i• nches long barrel Browning, Automatic, Caliber 12 & top Rib-De, 32 inche<!" long barrel Remington, Automatic, 12 Shots, Model 431 Remington, Repeater, Speedmaster, Model 121-A Remfngton, Bolt Action, Model 512 Remington, Bolt Action, ModeI 511 Wiinchester, Automatic, Model 63 Winchester, Repeater, Model 61 Mossberg, Automatic Mossberg, Repeater Smith & Wesson, Caliber 38 & 4 inches barrel 22-45 Conversion Unit, 22 long rifle, 5 oinches barrel Supe.r 38, Model 38, Automatic, 5 inches barrel Government Model, 45 Automatic, 5 inches barrel Browning, Automatic, CaJ.liber 280 or 32 Browning, Automatic, Caliber 9 mm., 13 shots StaT;" Automatic, Caliber 32, 380, 38 Llama, Automatic, Caliber 32, 380, 38 with extra clip l 6 shots STOCK AVAILABLE All Kinds of Firea1ms . Forends, Spa.re parts, Socks for Shotguns, Rebfuing, Nickel Plating. ISAAC GUN Stolte DIRECT IMPORTER A. V. ISA:AC 664 F. Torres, Sta. Cruz, Manila Manager · Page 110 THE LOCAL GOVER,NMENT REVIEW "OUR LOCAL OFFICI~LS'' Footnotes ... Hon. DOMINADOR E. CHIPECO Provincial Governor of Laguna Personal Circumstwnces: Born in .Calamba, Laguna, on April 21, 1906. Married Angelita A'. 1Fuentedlla, Schools attended: High School, Far 1 Elastern College, 1925. Philippine Law School, Nart:ionai University, 1931. Profession: Attorney-at-law (not in active practice). TJxperiences and Activities: . Clerk, Bureau of Justice, 1925-1'936. Provfocial Sheriff, Laguna. Hobbies: Playing chess and billiards. l!1 otto: Be courteous. Governor Chipeco was elected with a majority of 5,149 votes over his clog~ est rival in the elections of November 11, 1947. (Continued on page 113) (16) Incorporated into the city of Iloilo by C. A. 604. (17) Created by R. A. 197 and classification published by D. 0 . 17, Jan. 16, 1948, See. Int. (18) Cre'2.ted by R. A. 50 and classification published by D. 0 . 7, Jan. 16, 1947. ( 19) Classified under Dept. Order 8, Oct. 6, 1941, See. Int. (20) Created by E. O. 139, s. 1948, and classification published by D. 0. 23, Ju•ly 7, 1948, Sec. Int. (21) Created by E. 0 . 136, s, 1948 and classification published <by D. 0. ?3, July 7, 1948, Sec. Int. (22) Created by E. 0. 97, s. 1946. and classification published by D. O.· 7, Apr. ~. 1946, See. Int. (23) Created by E. 0. 199; s. 1949; not yet classified. (24) Converted into a city by C. A. 520. (25) Created by E. 0. 72, s. 1947 and: classification published by D. 0. 11, Sept. 8, 1947, Sec. Int. (26) Created by R. A. 191 and classified by D. 0. 18, Feb. 12, 1948, Sec. Int. (27) Converted into a city by R.. A. 179. · (28) Created by R. A. 292; not yet classid'ied. (29) Created by E. 0. 181, s. 1948, classification published by D. 0. 35, Nov. ~2, 1948, Sec. Int. (30) Created by E. 0. 85, sc 1947 (See also E. 0. 116, s. 1948) and classificatic;n published by D. 0 . 18, Feb. 12, 1948, Sec. Int. (31) Converted ;nto the city of Ozamiz by R. A. 321. (32·) Created by R. A. 268; not yet classified. (33) Created by E. 0. 165, s. 1948 and classification published under D. 0 . 30, Oct. 9, 1948, Sec. Int. (34) Create~ by E. 0. 128, s. 1948 and class;cficatiOn published by D. O. 34, Nov~ 17, 1948, Sec. Int (35) Created by E. 0. 122, s. 1948 and classification published by D. 0. 22, April 21, 1948_ (36) Created by E . 0. 129, s. 1948 and classification publi1shed by D. O 34, Nov, 17, 1948, Sec. Int. FEBRUARY, 1949 (Continued on page 118) I Page 111 Back Pay ... for designation of next of kin, all the necessary supporting papers required nnder the Manual of Instructions to Treasurers are submitted. Our Law Department now and then has· to return requests for designation of nerl of kin because some of the es• sential papers or evidence are lacking. For example, in cases where the deceased official or employee died single this Office often finds the evidence of survivorship or non-survivorship of the following persons in the order of sucCPRsion provided in the Civil Code, is either entirely wanting or incomplete: 1. Duly acknowledged natural or legally adopted children; 2. Ascendants; 3. Brothers and sisters (of whole full lilood or half blood) and nephews and nieces; 4. Relatives (collaterals) within the sixth civil degree. Since the presence of duly acknowledged .n·aitural and legally adopted children will entirely alter the order of succession or affect the shares of. the legitimnte children in the back pay of the deceased officer or employee, requests for designation of. next of kin should invariably be supported by evidence establishing the presence or absence of such duly acknowledged natural or legally adopted children. In c!'\se there are such legally adoµted or ac~nowledged natural children, proof or evidence of such acknowledgment 1 by any of the forms recognized by the Civil Code and the adoption papers should be submitted. In cases where natural children are cbiming for designation of next of kin, proof of acknowledgment of said children should be supported by any of the following documents: 1. Record of birth of said children as shown by the signed reports of birth by the alleged deceased parents. 2. By will. 3. By a public document, e.g. income U!x return on file with the Bureau of Internal Revenue, st:>.tement designating beneficiaries of the InsurPage 112 ance (G.S.I.S.) pol'icy. In conclusion, I wish to ex;press my heartfelt thanks to all of you for your forbearance and cons• ideration in listc!ling to me and I hope I have made dearer to you at least some obscure provisions of the Back Pay Law. The Law Department welcomes any request for further clarification on this matter, or on any other matter which you may want to take up with us. I thank you. ~l.e Educational Distributors 1876 Pedro Guevarra, Mamla - 0 - - RA WIJINGS ATHLETIC GOODS RAWLINGS ATHLETES GOODS SPOT-BILT SHOES DODGE CUPS AND TROPHIES FRED MEDART GYM EQUIPMENTE 1 v/anufacturers of: Teachers' Aids & Devices - - ) !( - - PLAY RAWLINGS THE FINEST IN THE FIELD ........... .,Com.pliments of~...,.......,...,, • ............,,...,,...,....,.....,..,..,.........,.4 ~ . ~ ISING'S GROCERY : ~ Fresh Fruits & Cold Drinks ~ ~ Wholesale & Retail ~ ~ A. M. Regidor St., City of San Pablo ~ ~44AAAA ........ ~ ............................................ 1 ~ .............................................................................................. ~ ~ RCA-VICTOR STORE : ~ Rizal Ave., City of San Pablo 1 • Exclusive Dealers for RCA Radios, 4 ~ Phonographs, Records, Batteries & ~ • Refrigerators in Laguna, Batangas, 4 ~ Mindoro & Quezon • ~-~·········· ................................ ~ ........ < THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIE\\' Our Local ... ANDRES AGGAOILI Provincial Treasnrer of Qitezon Personal Cii'cwnstances : Born on October 10, 1874, in Sarrat, Ilocos Norte. Married Consuelo Vallejos, with 9 children. Schools ctltended: Primary School, Sarrat, Jlocos Norte. San Juan de Letran College, Manila. Escuela de Derecho, Manila. Experiences and Activities: School teacher, Narvacan, Ilocos Sur (1897) . School iteacher, Rosales, Pangasinan (1898-1899) . Member, guerriJ.Ja forces under Major D. Juan Villamor until the organization of Ci v'il Government in Abra when he en1ered the government s~rvice where he has remained until now. Clerk to Governor, Secretary and ;Fiscal in Abra. Chief Deyuty Treasurer, ·Abra. FEBRUARY, 1949 Deputy Provincial Treasurer·. and Deputy Auditor in Pangasinan Tarlac, La Union and Baguio. ' Assistant Provfocial Treasurer Rizal and Albay. ' Acting ·Provincial Treasurer in Cagayan. Pro'.'incial Treasurer of Isabela, Tarfac, Tayabas, Leyite and Quezon, his present station. President of the Provincial Treasurers' Association for one year. Member, Committee on CompHation of the Manual of Instructions to Provincial and Municipal Treasurers. Member, Investigating Committee, Bureau of Posts. Hobbies: Reading books and newspapers-. Jl.fotto: Efficiency, honesty, integrity and charity. (Contimled on page 121) PRONUNCIAMENTOS APOLINARIO MABIN! - What we need are not banquets, but the free r.xpression of opinion, uncolored by fear or convenience. --»«-IGNACIO VILLAMOR - · The foundation on which the greatness of a • nation rests is formed by morality, industry, and order, none of which can exist without resvect and obedience to the law. --»«-MARCELO .H. DEL PILAR - The · w - lue of one's life can be measured only in terms of human service . . . Defend the right, happen what may, never fearing whether you win or : Jose, and your integrity will be upheld and maintained ... There is a defeat 'that is victory . . . Let us do what we can. God will take care of the rest. Page 113 Special Feature HINTS FOR SECOND GRADE CIVIL SERVICE ASPIRANTS Compiled by J.F.R. (Senior Teacher Eligible; obtained 100,% Genera,z Information and 98 '.Yo Spelling) SPELLING IN GENERAL: In the dictionaries you will find only three words ending in -ceed: proceed, exceed, ·siicceed. The others meaning go end in -cede (recede, intercede, etc.). Supersede has a different meaning and spelling. . Only three basal words, with their derivatives, begin with appo-: appoiwt, apportion, app.ose (with apposition. etc.). Learn these three, and the two hundred beginning with apo- will prob:-:.bly ta:ke care of themselves. No word begins with recc-: re commend, re collect. Think of the prefixa..s dis- and mis( one s) as usually preceding whole words already known to you: dis appoint, mis spell. Have you noticed that words like frolic, picnic, and panic insert a k to keep the c hard before i or e or y in the suffix-as frolicking, picnicked, panicky? Do not drop a letter before adding -ly to a word: formal ly, former ly. Truly, duly, and wholly are three noted exceptions. ADDING SUFFIXES: Remember to hold on to y, or else to change it to an i; but do not grudge dro:pping the e, unless this would throw an a or o immediately after a c or g: noticing, but noticeable; raging, but outrageous. The rule for doubling the final consonant does not apply in adding the suffixes -ic and -ity: organ'ic, magnet' - ic, human'ity, equal'ity, valid'ity. The exception, tranquillity, has long been a notorious trap in spelling. This word and metallic retain their foreign double l. Page 114 DOUBILING '.FINAL CONSONANTS Words ending in a single consonant preceded by a single vowel double that consonant before a suffix beginning with a vowel, provided the accent in the finished word falls on the last syl, la,ble of the original word; as rub rub~ bing; refer, referring. ·But notic~ that the accent faIIs elsewhere in such words' as reference, con'ference, ben'efited · eq'uipage. In general, if one watche~ the accent, the lesser matters will take: care of themselves. In words ending in 1, with kidnap and worship, it used to be permissible to double the final· consonant, even when the accent did not fa!J on that syllable; as travelling or traveling, cancellation or cancelation. Bu1 t now in such words the single consonant is much better. The exceptions crystallize, exceUent, and metallize retain their foreign double l. In transfer' able it is perhaps the pronunciation, rather than the speiling that is odd. ' THE DIGRAPHS ie and ei : There is no longer any excuse for misspelling the combinations ie and ei when sounded as ee. .Follow tht! !'hyme: I comes before e Except after c, But leisure and seize Will do as they please. This takes it for granted that we have already learned to speJJ either and neither and that we are not concerned with the Arabic sheik. When in doubt, look straight at the preceding consonant and say, "Are you a c?" If it is any other letter than a c write down ie, unless the word is som'e form THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW of leisure or seize. It is permissible to spell weird either way. DROPPING E: Silent e at the end of. a word is dropped before adding a suffix beginning with a .vowel, such as -in.q: dirie, dining. Exceptions: Mileage, hoeing, toeing. Singeing and dyeing also retain the e in order to avoid confusion with the .participles of sing and die. Note that the e is not really silent in acreage or in such words as shoeing. CHANGING Y: If it is necessary to learn to drop an e often, it Is just as necessary to Jearn not to drop a y. This letter (when there is a consonant before it) changes into an i before any suffix except one beginning with i; as reply, replies, replying. So be in readiness. to change a y, never to throw it away. SOME PLURALS: Most words ending in o form their plural in the usual manner, by adding s only. Others, like tornado and mosquito, may have either s or es. But only eight must have es: jingo, negro, hero, volcano, tomato, potato, no and echo. Remember that the letter y (when there is a consonant inimediately before it) changes into an i before any suffix except one beginning with i itself;. so in forming the plural we have lady, ladies, but boy, boys. Proper nouns ending in y do not ehange this·; otherwise there would be no difference between two Marys and two Maries. Philippine History and Government · & Cwrrent Events 1. The Economic Commission for Asia and the Far .E:ast (ECA¥E) Conference was held in the City of ,Baguio from November 24 to December 6, 1947. 2. The rice terraces in Ifu. gao, Mt. Province are claimed to be the eighth wonder of. the modern world. 3. The Philippines, named after King Philip II of S;pain, is an archipelago of 7,083 islands eiotendFEBRUARY, 1949 ,' ing roughly 1,152 statute miles from .south of Formosa to within hailing distance of the northern shores of Borneo. From east to west tihe is-lands measure about 688 statute miles. 4. The principal products of. the coun. try are copra, hemp, tobacco, sugar, gold, silver, manganese, corn, fish, !'umber, guano, rubber, livestock, pearls, handicrafts, piiia cloth. 5. The outstand'ing exports are: copra, sugar, shredded coconut, abaca, tobacco, gold and silver, rattan furniture, crude rubber, hides· and skins, and hand! embroidered goods. 6. The Philippines ·imports mainly from ti he United States the following products: cotton and manufactures, rayon and other synthetic textiles, paper, automobiles, dairy products, chemicals, drugs, dyes, medicines, iron and steel manufactures, fish and fish products, tobacco and! manufactures. 7. Mayon volcano erupted in 1946. It is in Albay. 8. The Government of the Philippine Republ'ic is republican in form, of the pres-idential type, based on .the princiople of separation of powers. 9. The executive departments are. those of Foreign '.Affairs,- the Interior, Finance, Justice, Agricul- , ture and Natural Resources, Public Works and Communications, Education, Labor, National Defense, Heal. th, and Commerce and Industry. 10. The Congress of the Philippines is composed of two chambers-the Senate with 24 members elected at large by the direct vote of the qualified -voters and the House of Representatives with '98 members (not to exceed 120) elected from the 98 Congressional Districts into which the Philippines is p·resently divided. The Senators are elected for a term of (Continued on page 117)' Page 115 When You Can't Go To College Many who planned to enter college find it impossible to register in educational institutiollls. They realize that their home responsibilities make college study inad· visable. But the road to adult education is not closed to anyone. There are other approved educational programs availruble for ambitious young people, programs they can pursue in their spare time, after hours. Self-study by an organized correspondence course is one approved method. It is being used by ambitious men and womon everywhere. Without benefit of a college education, many famous men found time to train themselves. The records of· thousands of successful students demonstrate that today's I. C. S. student is tomorrow's leader. The same Opportunity they seized is at your door right now. Tha'ts what I. C. S. means to you ... if you are alert, forward-looking, determined to get ahead. You can prove your alertness by marking and mailing the coupon today. Do it now. PUACES SECOND IN EXAMINATION Mr. Santiago Genuino Cayanan of the Pampanga River Control who took Me· chanical Engineering with the International Correspondence Schools, obtained second place in the recent board examination for mechanical plant engineers, His ratiilg' was 76.38%. INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOLS Dept. 20-1, 406 SamaniJlo Building, Escolta, Manila Without obJigation, please send full particulars about the course which I have marked with an X: TECHNICAL AND INDUSTRIAL COURSES -Architect -Architectural Draftsman -Building E st\ma.ting -Contractor and BuHder - Str uctural Draftsman - Structural Engineer -Concrete Engineer -Electrical Engineer -Electric Lighting -Welding, Electric and Gas -Reading Shop Blueprints -Telephone Work - Radio with Equipment -Mechanical Engi'Ileer - Mechanical Draftsman -Machinist -Toolmaster -Patternmaker -Wood -Metal -Foundry Practice - Sheet Metal Worker -Boilermaker -Heat Treatment of Metals -Sanitary Engineer -Aviation Eng. -Auto Mechanic -Plumbing -Heating -Air Conditioning -Refrigeratiion -Steam Engineer - Steam Electric Engineer - Mar.:ne Engineer - Civil Engineer -Highway Engineer -Bridge Engineer -Bridge and Bu:Jding Foreman -Surveying and Mapping -Mathematics -Chemistry -Plastics -Coal Mining -Nav:.gation -Cotton Manufacturing - Woolen Manufacturing -Manufacture of Pulp and Paper - Industrial Supervision BUSINESS TRAINING COURSES -Business Management -Accountancy -Traffic Management -C. P. Accountancy -Bookkeeping -Secretar.ial Work -Cost Accountant -Salesmanship DOMESTIC -Profess:ional Dressmaking and Designing -Making Smart Clothes for Self Name -·--··-·--·· ·-··-·-----------· Address ................................ . Occupa.tion Page 116 -Advertising -Business Correspondence -Lettering Show Cards -Stenography and Typing -G~ade School Subjects -High School Subjects - Spanish - French, ARTS AND SCIENCES - Advanced Dressmaking -Foods and Cookery -Serving Foods for Prnfit A,ge THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW six years, while the Representatives hold office for four years. 11. The judicial power is lodged in the Supreme Court, the Courb of Appeals, Courts of First Instance justices of the peace courts and judges of. municipal courts of chartered cities. 12. Controversies between labor and capital are handled by the Court of Industrial Relations. 13. Philippine economy rests on five exl'ractive industries; namely, agriculture, .livestock raising, mining, lumbering, and fishing, and on derivative industries and entel'prises. 14. The six major farm crops of the ·Philippines are rice, corn, abaca, coconut, sugar cane, and tobacco. 15. The waters of the Philippines teem with the richest varieties of fish -some 2,000 varieties-that can be found in any single fishing ground of the world of the same area. 16. Fishing ranks next to farming and livestock raising in point of usefulness and va:l'ue and in the number of people dependent on H. 17. Th0 most important gold districts a!'e the Baguio district, the Mambulao-Paracale district, the Aroroy (Masbate) district, and the Surigao district; chromite and copper deposi-ts, in Zambales; and manganese in Ilocos Norte, Zambales, Palawan, Siquijor, and elsewhere. 18. The Food and Agriculture Organization (!FAO) Conference was held in Baguio from February 23 to March 17, 1948. FAO is a specialized agency of the United Nations, with which it is associated by functional relationships with the Economic and Social Council. 19 • Francisco Ba:ltazar, better known as Bii.l'agtas, is the prince of Tagalog poets: He wrote 'IFJorante and Laura". FEBRUARY, 1949 20. Melchora Aquino, affectionately called Tandang Sora, spent her entire savings in supporting the Filipino insurgents against Spain. ~1. Marcelo de! Pilar edited "La SoIidaridad", which was founded by Graciano Lopez. Jaena. 22. The most revered name in Philippine history is that of Dr. Jose Protacio Rizal y Mercado, savant, author, doctor of medicine, artist and martyr for the cause of freedom. 23. Andi:es Bonifacio is referred to as the Great Plebeian. 2'4. Apolinario Mabini is known in history as the "Sublime Paralytic," the ibrain of the Revolution of 1898, and the Secretary of State of the first Phil'ippine Republic under General Emilio Aguinaldo. 25. Emilio Jacinto wrote the "Cartilla" of Bonifacio's Katipunan and was named the "Brain of the Katipunan." 26. Gregorio de! Pilar was but 24 years old when he defended Tirad Pass against the Americans pursuing Aguinaldo. 27. Manuel L. Quezon was the first and last president of the Philippine senate and became the first president of the Philippine Commonwealth. 28. Like Mayon, Apo is -a semiactive vol'cano located ·in Davao province. It is the highest mountain in the Philippines. 29. Dipolog is the present capital of Zamboanga. 30. Turtle Island is a municipal district of the province of Sulu. Its capital is Taganak. 31. Hibokhibok is a volcano that recently erupted in the island of Camiguin, Misamis Oriental. 32. There are now 21 organized chartered cities in !'he Philippines, namely, Manila, Bacolod, B'aguio, Basilan, Calbayog, Cavite, Cebu, Dagupan, Davao, Dumaguete, Iloilo, Legaspi, Lipa, Naga, Page 117 Ormoc, Ozamis, Quezon, Rizal', San ·Pablo, Tagaytay, and Zamboanga. ' · :13. The eleven special provinces are: Agusan, Batanes, Davao, Nueva Vizcaya, ·Palawan, Zamboanga, Bukidnon, Cotabato, Lanao, Mountain Province and Sulu. The , provincial governors of the las.t five named provinces are still appointive. 34. Siquijor is the only remaining oobprovince. J.t belongs to Negros Oriental. 35. The four essential human freedoms set forth by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, January 6, 1941: freedom of speech and eXipression, freedom of worship, freedOIIIl from want, and freedom from fear. 36. Shangri-La means a nonexistent idyllic land depicted as a utopia in James Hilton's novel Lost Horizon; hence, a starting iplace, as for the raid over Tokyo and other Japanese cities on \April 18, 1942 led by Major (later MajOl" General) Jam{!s H. Doolittle. 37. Scorched earth. A · princi-ple or policy adopted by retreating FOOTNOTES armies of demolishing cities, utility plants, rl;lilways, food stores. crops, fuel, and all other property of possible use to the enemy. 38. Abbreviations: ARP or A.R.P.-airraid precautions. CIO or C.1.0.-Congress of Industrial Organizations. GI or G.I. Army slang, · One of the rank and file. PX-post exchange (canteen) 3'9. Atlantic Charter. A declaration made August 14, 1941, at a meeting, in the North Atlantic, by President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill of eight principles in the mi1tional' policies. of the U.S. and Great Britain, including disavowal of territorial aggrandizement, restoration. of sovereign rights and self-government, access on equal terms to raw materials-, freedom· of the seas, disarmament of aggressor nations. 40. Miguel Lopez de Legaspi was the first Governor General of the Philippine Islands. 41. Gomez Perez Dasmarifias fortified (37) Created by E. O. 186, s. 1948 and classification published by D. O. 42, De<!. 27, 1948, Sec. Int. (38) Created by E. O. 185, s. 1948 and classification published by D. 0, 42, Dec. 27, 1948, See. Int. (39) Created by E . 0. 141, s. 1948 and classification published by D. O. 23, July 7, 1948, Sec. Int. (40) Created by E. 0. 19,. s. 1946 and' classificiation, published by D. 0. 4, Oct. 15 .. 1946, Sec. Int. · (41) Converted into a city by R. A. 327, (42) Name changed to Vatencia by R. A. 252.. (43) Created by E. 0 . 111, s. 1947; not yet classified' •. (44) Created by E. 0 . 113, s. 1947; not yet classified. (45) Converted into a city by R. A. 170. (46) Raised .to 1st class; published by D. 0 . 38, Dec. 17, 1948, Sec, Int. (47) Converted into the City of Rizal by R. A. 183. (48) Classification published by D. O. 10, Aug. 22, 1947; see R. A. 50·2, re Santa Fe. (49) Converted into a city by R. A. 328. · (50) Cre,,,ted by R. A. 264 and classification publish<ld by D. 0 . 34. Nov. 17, 1948,. See. Int. (51) Created by R. A. 90 and classification published' by D. 0 . 16, Dee. 17, 1947,. See. Jnt. (52) Created by R. A. 193 and classification published by D. 0. 24, Aug. 5, 1948, See. Int. (53) Created by R. A. 263 and classification published by D. 0. 34, Nov.; 17, 1948 ..: Sec. Int. (54) Created by R. A. 269 and classif!cation published' by D. 0. 34, Nov. 17, 1948, Sec. Int. Page 118 THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW 42. 43. Manila and constructed the now famous Walled City. The American Civi1 Governors General of the ·Philiprpine Islands were William Howard Taft, Luke E. Wright, Henry C. Ide, William Cameron Forbes, !Francis Burton Harrison, Leonard Wood, Henr.v L. Stiimson, Dwight F. Davis, Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. and Fran)c Murphy. Miguel Lino de . Espeleta was the only ,~ilipino Governor General during the Spanish regime. Spanish Governor General and General Aguinaldo .to end the revolutfon. It was negotiated by Pedro A. Paterno. 48. The Code of Calantiao is a brief penal code, believed to have been promulgated by Calantiao, third chief of Panay in 1433. 49. Felipe A. Calderon was the author of the Malolos Constitution. 50. The Phi·lippims is a member of the 44. 'Cayetano Arellano was. the first Filipino Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. United Nations, and is represented fa the United· Nart:fons Educational, Scientffic, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). GENERAL CLERICAL TEST 45. 46. 4 7. The income of. the National Government .is derived . from rt:hree main sources: customs dues, internal revenue taxes, and ear!lings of governmental enterprises and activities and interest from special funds. The City of Baguio has an advisory council com~osed of five Igorot members. The pact of Biak~na-bato was an agreement entered into by the Footnotes ... 1. Consult a standard dictionary for a "rough draft". To Uinder,s,tand .the symbols . used, see the same dictionary for "SIGNS AND SYM'BOLS", especially those pertaining to punctuation and mathemai'tics. 2. Practice how to write an official letter, an indorsement, and a telegram. 3. Abbreviations are no't generally used in written or printed matter (55) Created by R. A. 262 and classification published by D. 0. 34, Nov. _17, 1948', Sec. Int. ·(56) Created by R. A. 290 and classification published by D. 0. 34, Nov. 17, 1948, Sec. Int. '(57) N9w part of City of Calbayog (R. A. 328). ·(58) Created by E. 0. 2, s. 1946 and classification published by D. 0. 2, July 11, 1946, Sec. Int. '(59) Created by R. A. 61 and classification. published by D. 0 . 12, Sept. 15, 1947, Sec. Int. ·(60) Created by R. A. 281 <ind classification published by D. 0 . 34, Nov. 17, 1948, Sec. Int. ·(61 \ Created by R. A. 192 and classification published by D. 0. 19, Feb. •19, 1948. Sec. Int. '(62) C1-eated by R. A. 194 and classification published by D. 0. 13, Oct. 17, 1947, Sec. Int. "(63) Name changed to Quezon by R. A. 14. ·(64) Created by R. A. 250 and classification pending c<>nsiderat'.on. ·(65) Created by E. 0. 330, s. 1941 and classification publis hed by D. 0 . 7, Sept, 23, 1941. ·(c) Created by E. 0. 204, Feb. 9, 1949; not yet classfied. '(d) Created by E. 0. 203, Feb. 7, 1949; not yet classified. (x) Classification as of its organization. based on its estin'hated annual income, is continued.. (y) Munici.palities organized effective January 1, 1941; class fixed on basis of estimated annual income. (z) Raised from 2nd to 1st class (D. 0. 49, Jan. 27, 1949). NOTE: Classification of the munWipali•ics in the specnal provinces will be piiblished in the next issue. FEBRUARY, 1949 Page 119 Hints . .. that consists of forma!l sentences or connected discourse. Exceptions are: Mr., Mrs., Messrs., Jr., Sr., when used with :proper names1 and forms like A.B., LL.D., 'P.M., A.M., B.C., .A.D., and a few others of exceptional character, which are rarely if ever spe'led out. Rev., Hon., Dr., Prof., Gov., Gen., whne spelled out before surnames, as Governor Robinson, are sometimes used before full names, as Gen. U. S. Granit, though even here the full spelling is preferred in the mosit formal matter. 4. An abbreviation with the period at the end, as Dept., Sec., etc., is generally to be used in. preference to a contraction ·using the apostrophe Dep't, Sec'y, etc. · . ' 5. The forms 1st, 2d (or, less· properly, 2nd), 3d (less prop-erly 3rd), 4th, et()., used for firs.t, second, third, fourth, etc., as in designating the days of. the month, are not, properly speaking, abbreviations, and take no period. 6. In official communications, "Respectfully," is always right a:s complementary close unless great respect is due the addressee, in which case "very respectfully," may be used. · 7. Office Procedure and Practices :Bear in mind' the following: · a. Order and method. b. Cutting of red tape. c. Desirable attitude towards the public. d. Harmony between superior and subordinate. e. Discreetness in official matters. 8. Precepts and other concepts for the public servant a. Discipline is the keynote of efficiency. b. The conscientious discharge of one's responsibility .is the measure of an employee's value to the service. c. 1 Ac high sense of honor is the guarantee of an emp.Joyee's conduct in office. Page 120 d. Mutua'l assistance .is necessary for the effective operation of any office; e. Do not begr~dge others their promotion or cherish resentment because your services are ·not recognized. f. ,Elfficiency is a quality of mind,. or of body, producing or capable of. producing, maximum result with given effort, or a given result with minimum effort. Its principal aims are (a) the elimination of waste of time, money· and energy, and (b) the accom. plishment of, ithe best and largest results. SELECTED ARITHMETIC PROBLEMS 1. A clerk's exp-enses are l.'900 per year, or 5/ 6 of his salary.. How many pesos does he save per year: 5/ 6• =P900; l / 5=P180; 6/6=1Pl080' salary. Therefore, Pl080 minus 'P900=Pl80, ·the saving. 2. A carpenter alone can buHd! a shOllJ in 18 days, and with the help oJ his son he can build it in 12 days. In how many days can the s~n alone build the shop? 1/ 18=what the carpenter can de in 1 day; 1/ 12=what the son and' father can do in one ·day; 1/ 121/18=1/ 36 part of work the son can do in 1 day. Therefore, irt wi!E ~ ..................................................................... ~ t ···1 • t ~ ~ • c ~ SIA TANG ; • . c ~ General Merchant f ~ t • t ~ Cabuyao, Padre Burgos, f: • t ~ Quezon { ~ •••••.....•................... ;, THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW Our Local .. . take the son 36 days to build the shop. 3. A merchant sold a quantity of sugar for 1"1180, and thereby gained I / 4 of the cost. If he had sold it for 'PIOOO, would he have gained or lost, and how much? Let 4/ 4 the c.p.; 4/ 4 + 1/ 4= 5/ 4 S.P. or P1180; 1/ 5 of IP1180= 'P236; 4/ 4=11"944 C.P. Therefore, 'PIOOO-P944='P56 gain. 4. Seven times John's property, plus 'P.32,200 equals 21 times his fProperty. How much is he worth? 7x + 32,200 =2Ix 32,200 = 21x - 7x 32,200 = 14x x = 1'2300 Ans. 5. Which is better for a tailor, to sell a suit for 'P65 cash or for P73.15 on 9 months inst&llment, money being worth 6 % ? Interest of Pl in one year is P0.06; FEBRUARY, 1949 DOROTEO E. BELMONTE Provincial Auditor of Sorsogon Personwl Circumstances: Born of poor family in Bacon, Sorsogon, on March 28, 1894. Married Leocadia Diaz of same town; with seven children all studying in different universities, colleges and schools. Educational attainment: F1rst Year High School. Experiences and activities: Barrio school teacher, 1911. Clerk, Mundcipal Treasurer's Office. Clerk, Office of Provincial Auditor. Auditor, Boy Scout Provincial Council. · Auditor, Sorsogon Employees Solidarity. Hobbies: Farming and poultry raising. Motto: Work hard, be honest, and save. * * * in 9 months, P0.045. Interest p!Jus 11'\1.00 = principal and int. or Pl.045. 'P73.15 ..;- Pl.045 = 70 times or P70 in 9 months at 6%. Therefore, IP,70 minus P65 = 'P5 better on 9 months time. 6. iAI boat whose rate of sailing in a still water is 14 miies, per hour was accelerated 3-1/ 2 miles per hour in going down the river, retarded the same distance per hour in going up. How long would it itakc to come up the same distance that would go down in 10 hours? 14 miles + 3-1/ 2 mi. = 17-1/ 2 mi. in going down in 1 hr. ; 14 miles -3-1/2 mi.= 10-1/ 2 mi. in going up in 1 hr. ; 17-1/2 X 10 = 175 mi. distance in going down.; 175 di!Vided by 10-1/ 2 = 16-2/ 3 hrs. Ans. 7. iA cistern which holds 280 gallons of water is empty. It has a supply pipe which will mi it in IO hrs. and a Mscharge pipe which Page 121 Hints ... will empty it in 7 hours. If the ~upply pipe has· been running into 1t for 4_ hrs. and rthen both piipes are opened, in what time wi.JI the cistern be emprtied? 280 ~!!-!,. divided by 10 = 28 supply pipe in 1 hr.; ~O gal. divided by 7. = 40 gal. d'i.scharge ; 40-28 = 12 d1ff. per hr.; 28 gal X 4 = 112 gal: flowi~g ·of the · supply (pipe while runnmg for 4 hours· 112 divided by 12 = 9-1/3 hrs. ' Ans. 8. I find that I owe A 5-0% more th~· ! ewe C and B 33 1/ 3% more than I owe A. Now, if I owe Bi IPSOO more than I do C, how much is my ind!eb'tedness to each? I owe C 100 % ; I owe A 100 % + 50% or 150% ; r· owe ·B 33-1/ 3% of .150 = 50% + 150 or 200% ; 200% - 100 % = 800 100'% 800 c 150i% = 1200 A· 200% = 1600 B 9. A train C starts from N at the rate of 5 km. per hr. faster than D, another train ait M. C starts one hour after D, ·and met D exactly at the mid-1])oi·nt of N, and M after 5 hrs. on D's time. !Find the distance between the two points and the raite of each train. Let x = rate of D train. x + 5 = rate of C train. (x)5 = (x + 5)4 5x- 4x =20 x = 20 rate of D x + 5 = 25 rate of C 20 x 5 = 100 . 25 x 4 = 100 200 1 kms. 'Ans. 10. A man fa 6 ft. in height and i·s 30 ft. from a post of an electric light. The lamp is 20 ft. above the ground. How long is the shadow of the man? ~ ............ c onipliments of ......................................... ,,. ......... , : PANADERIA LA SUERTE : : BOOK & NOVELTY STORE • : Try Our Gift Wrapping Service ~ ~ . : Rizal Avenue ' City of San Pablo ~ ~ . ............................................................................................................................. ..t Page 122 6 : 20 = ? : 30; 6 x 30 = 9 ft. Ans. 20 11. My taxes were '!'315.25. What was the assessed valuation of my property, if the rate of. taxation was .015? P315.25 divided by .015 or 1'21016~67 Ans. 12. How high is a church spire whose shadow is 162 ft. long, where a flagcstaff 60 ft. high casts a shadow 72 ft. long? ? : 162 = 60 : 72 or 162 x 60 = 135 ft. Ans. --7213. Two cog-wheels, one having 26 cogs, and the other 20 cogs, run together. In how many revolutions of. the large!· wheel will the ,smaller gain: 12 revolutions? 26 - 20 = 6; 12 + 6 = 2; 2 x 20 = 40 Ans. 14. A train which runs 35-1/4 miles per hour leaves ManHa at 8 :25 IA.M. How far will it have traveled at 2 :30 P.M.? From 8:25 to 2:30 = 6 1 hrs. 6 1 12 12 or 73 x 35-1/ 4 = 73 x 141 = 10293 -12 12 --;r ~ or 214-7 / 16 mi. Ans. 15. A tree, broken off 21 feet from the ground, and resting ·on the stump, touches the level ground 28 feet from the base of stump. What was the height of the tree?. 21 x 21 = 441; 28 x 28 = 784; 784 + 441 = 1225. Extract the square root of 1225 or 35. 35 + 21 = 56 ft. 16. This problem is the addition of columns.of numbers crosswise and lengthwise. 816 357 492 17. A man bought a horse and a carriage, paying itwice as much for (Continued on page 124) THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW REASONS FOR ABSENCE OF CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISION REGARDING LOCAL AUTONOMY [Excerpts from Speech in the Constitutioruil Convention of Delegate Manuel A. Roxas, answering criticiS?nS on the Draft of the Constit.ution.] "Ordinarily, Mr. President, the system of Government that is Federal in natu['e, like thart one that they have in the United States, like the one that they have in Poland, like the one that they have in Mlexico and in many other federated countries, the system is one of enumerated powers. But in a unitary country, a country that has to deal with smaHI political sovereignty, a country like ours, const,ituted by a people expressing a whole and one ~o vereignty with a community of i11.terests" the system generally is a unitary system. One government in a federated smaJ.l nationalities, but one nation to govern and exercise. joint,Jy over all territories. The political sub-divisions are creatures of the constitu1 tion and of the government granted under the constitution. Let us not, Mr. President, confu:se our 1 provinces in the Philippine Islands with the States, in the American Union. Let us not, Mr. President, attempt to accord to our provinces and municipal'ities the same category that t.he States of the American Union have. They are not the same politically. The American StaJtes exercise sovereignty which belongs to them and of which they can not be deprived. They are members of the federation organized with their consent. True, the Natdonal Government ?f :America is more and more grnwing mto the concept of the National Government as distinguished from a federated government. Nevertheles,s, the fundamental basis of the American Constitutional Law and the poli'tical compact of the American Sit.ates is ibas· - ed on. the independent sovereignty of the different States of the American Union. But in the PhiJi,ppines, Mr. FEBRUARY, 1949 President, our provinces exercise no in,:\ependen't sovereignty-separate :md dfatinct from thrut of. the nation. They are only the creatures of the Legislature. They can be born or · I might say they are born that they live and they die in accordance with the will and behest of tihe National Government. Why have we not included in this draft provision regarding the autonomy of our provinces and municipalities? The :reason is obvious, Mr. President. Local government of this character, being creatures of the National Go·vernment to exercise ltheir functions for the general interest of the whole people, they should always be under the control, jurisdiction and powers of the Legislature. For very obvious re<isons, I repeat, let me give an exampl'e. Su1 ppose, Mr. President we ins.ert in the consti1 tution tihat th~ provincial governor and municipal president shall have more ruutonomous powers sp·ecifying the powers; if you do specify the powers, the provisions of the constitution would just be an exposition of powers, and not consti.itutional precepts of an obligatory nature. "We would gain nothing, Mr. 1 Pres-.iclent, by inserting in the constitution !! provision such as greater and ever-grea~er autonomy shall- be given to the provmccs and municipalities. lb would ri1ean nothing at aH. It would be a rec?mmendation :to the Legislaturewh1c~ may not be fulfilled, and the quest10n whether a particular measure grants or. decreases the autonomy of t~e provmces and municipalities is simply a matter of opinion and not even the courts intervene or interfere on a ciues~i?n of. ·that kind. But supposing specifically, Mr. Pres,ident that the provincial governor shall ha~e the powlo'r to appoint provincial' treasurers tl>at municipal presidents shall not b~ Yemoved from office except to certain p~·ocedure fixed by law. Why, Mr. (Continued on page 125) Pag~ 123 Hints .. . 18. 19. 20. the horse as for the carriage. He sold them bath for 1'662, receiv:ing 15 o/o more for the horse, and 8 ;Yo more for the carriage than they cost him. What did they each cost him? Ans.: Horse, 1'391.72 and carriage, ifll95.86. A and B are on OI\posite sides of a circular pond which is 1380 ft. in circumference. T h e y walked around it starting ait the same time II. in the s:ame direction. A: goes at ·the rate of 45 yrds. per minute, and 1 B goes· at the rate of 50 yrds. per minute. In what time will B overtake A, and how many itimes around the pond wiU, they have traveled? IAns.: B will overtake A in 46 minutes; 5 times. A man bequeathed 1/ 3 of his estate to his wife, 1/ 6 to each of. 3 children, 1/ 12 to his brother and ithe rest, amounting to 1'1850, 'to a charitable institution. How much was his estate worth? Answer: 11'122,200.00. A room is 18 foet long, 15 feet wide, and 9 feet high. What must be the lengith of a line, extending from one of the lower corners to an opposi1 te upper corner? Answer: 25.CY9 ft. COMPOSITION I. Form of the Manuscript I. Handwriting at .Jeast as legible as 50 in the Ayres Handwriting Scale or 10 in the Thorndike Handwr~ting Scale. 2. No gaps within words. 3. Generous space between words. 4. One-inch margin at the left. 5. One-half, inch margin at the right. 6. Free space at the top of all pages exc-ept the first. 7. No period after the title. 8. No quotation marks enclosing the title. Page 124 9. F'irst line of every paragraph indented. 10. No crowding of lines at the bottom of the ,page. 11. The first leuter of a title and the important wordls of. the title should be capitalized. 12. Leave a space between the ti:tle and the body of the composition. The Four Laws .A. UNITY. The law of unity, or oneness, requires that the composition sha'll be about one thing. B. COHERENCE. The law of coherence, as the word suggests·, requires that the parts of the composition shall hwng together. They must be made to follow one another naturally and logically, and their relations to each other, and to the whole of which they are the parts, must be made clear. C. EMPHASIS. The law of emphasis, remind'ing us that some parts of our subject are more important than others, insists that ithese shall be made especially memorable to our read!· ers. D. INTEREST. The law of interest requires that we make the road through our cornposi'tion as agreeable as possible. Use concrete matter freely. THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW Reasons ... I ! I President, shall we ti•e up tthe hands of the Legislature forever in the constitution with r€spect ;to the present s, ystem of ,provincial and mumicipal governments? "Are we despairing our growth and the advances of. our people and their capacity to adapt a system of provincial and municip,al governments to the changing drcumst:ances and conditions of an everchanging world? In the Uni• ted States there is a great mumber doing away with the elective heads of local governments. in place of commission and the work of government by experts, the best constituencies of the wo:::ld, as admitted by every one, are the local counties of \France. W.hy ! The F'rench people h:we discovered through their experience that in order to be sure of efficient administration in small municipalities and counties have trained administrators for the affairs of forty thousand or fifty thousand people any more than you can improvise an administrator of a corporation with fif1 ty thousand pesos of capital. That is why the French have attained the practice of training administrator and make selection of men who have been trained for the particular functions of. government to which they sh~..11 be appointed. There is in the Saturday Evening Post, Mr. President, a very able article by Will Durant, one of the greatest .philosophers of America that live today, where he says: 'Democracy is now on the crossroad; on the one h:;.nd, you have the ctictatorship of Europe commanding a great machine of propaganda that reaches every nook and corner of the world, announcing and publishing the suc~esses of the dictators of Europe, trymg to establish dictatorship as the best form of government.' On the o·ther side, you have Communism and Fascism, the crime, the success of democracies, and urging the establishrnent of the power and control of govP1·nmen:t by the proletariats and as Wm Durant says : 'If democracy wants to save itself from being absorbed by the absolute powers of dicitators, FEBRUARY, 1949 on the one hand, or be .swamped by the growing tide of Communism and Fascism, democracy must defend itself, not by theories, but by the application of sound common sense.' Let me, Mr. President, in the discussion of this Consititution, merely rcperub the now old fashioned formu:las of liberty and democracy, nor should we accept these terms as infallible under all . circumstances. Princirples may be true, principles may be wise, but when you apply principles and have to deal with human nature, principles .suffer in that process. Human nature is nat adapted to the prin!!1ples so that to change hun~an nature in accordance with the n1andates or the exigencies of the princi1 ples, you apply the principl·es to hu1nan nature and you change and you modify principles so that in its contact with human nature you: may be able to obtain the closest approach, the perfection that you can possibly imagil'e. So I say, Mr. ·President, when this draft made reference to provincial and municipal governments, our purpose was not to curtail the · !local autonomy but simply to recogndze that cur present system of provincial and municipal governments has not as yet att:lined perfection and the hope and '.he faith that as our experience grows by the great system of trial and error, we may be aible to evo.lve a system of munici.pal and provincial governments ;n the Philippines, that while giving to the inhabitants of each province the greates·b amount of participation in their local affairs, may yet safeguard the efficiency that should characterize all those systems.'' r················· ........ ··········-1 ~ 4 : : l TIO SING j : General Merchant : : : ~ : ~ 4 ~ 4 : W alay, Padre Burgos, Que7,on : : 4 t.. ................................. ~ ............. .....J Page 125 Supreme Court Decision POWER OF MUNICIPAL COUNCIL The People of the Philippines, plaintiff· appellant, vs. Timoteo Esguerra, Sirnplicio Sa. bandal, Teofilo Decatoria, Vicente Uy, Uy· Lausing, Francisco Tan, Jose Chan, Vict01·iano Macariola, Miguel Galit, E uf1·acio Gaspay, Rosalia Estolano, Felix Labordo, Pilar E. Pascual, Melecio Aguilos, and Victoriano Teriapel, defendants-appellees., G. R. Nos. L-501, L-502, L-503, L-504, L-505, L-507; L-508; L-509, L-510, L-511, L-512, May 21; 1948; FERIA, J .: · 1. MJJNICIPAL CORPORATION; INTOXICATING LIQUORS; SALE; MUNICIPAL ORDINANCE PROHIBITING SELLING OF INTOXICATING LIQUORS NULL AND VOID.-The municipal ordinance prohi.biting the selling, giving away and dispensing of liquor is repugnant to the provision of Sec. 2243 (g) of the Revised Administrative Code, and the Municipal Council of Tacloban had no power under Sec. 22138 of the samei code to enact such ordinance. The pro. hibition is contrary to the power granted by Sec. 2243 (g) "to regulate the selling, giving away and disipensing of intoxicating malt, vinous, mixed or fermented Ji. quors at retail"; and can not be construed as synonymous with ".suppress" or "prohibit". Since tfie munici.pality of Tacloban is ell11Jlowered only to regulate, it cannot prohibi, t the selling, giving away and dispensing of intoxicating liquors, for that which is prohibited or does not legally exist can not be i·egulated. 2. ID.; ID.: POWERS CONFERRED UPON MUNICIPAL CORPORATION BY GENERAL WE.LFARE CLAUSE NOT APPLIED TO INTOXICATING LIQUORS.-The powers conferred upon a Municipal Council in the general welfare clause, or Sec. 2238 of the Revised Adminiistrative Code, refers to matters not covered by the other provisions of the samP Code, and therefore it can not be applied to intoxicating liquors, fo1· the power to regulate the selling, giving away and dispensing thereof is granted specifically by Sec. 2243 (g\ to Municipal Councils. 3. ID.: ID.; SALE; MUNICIPAL COUNCIL HAS NO AUTHORITY TO PROHIBIT SALE OF INTOXICATING LIQUORS.-The legislative authority to license or regulate the sale of intoxicating liquors does not authorize a munricipality to prohibit it, either in express terms or by imrposing prohibitive license fees. The general power granted in the gen· eral welfare clause does not authorize a Municipal Council to prohibit the sale of intoxicants, because as a general rule Page 126 w'hen a municipal wrporation is specifically given authority or power to regulate or to license and regulate the liquor traffic, power to prohibit is impliedly withheld. The Solicitor-Geneml fo1· the plaintiff. appellant. · Olegaro Lastrilla, Antonio Montilla, Lin<> Anov01· and Emilio Benitez for the defendants-appellees. DECISION FERIA, J.: The defendants in these twelve cases were each charged with violation of municipal Ordinance No. 4, Series 1944, enacted by the Municipal Council of Tacloba;n, Leyte, w'hich provides the following : "SECTION 1. It shall be unlawfuT for any person, association, or firm, tomanufacture, distill, produce, cure, sell; barter, offer or give 01· dispose of in favor of another, possess or to have· under contr.ol any intoxicating liquor, drink, or beverage, locally manufac·· tured, distilled', produced or cured wine,. whiskey, gin1 brandy and other drink containing liquor including tuba. "SEC. 2._ All permits and licenses issued for the manufacture, production or establishment or distilleries and sale of tuba, wine, whiskey, and other alcoholic .beverage, are hereby revoked! and callk'.elledl. "SEC. 3. Any person, association or firm, who violates the provisions, of this Ordinnace, shall be punished, upon conviction by competent court, by a fine· of not less than one hundred pesos nor· more than two hund1·ed . pesos and im-· ,prisonment of not less than three months nor more than six monbhsc In case of a reinclUent'.e or second offense committed, the violator shall suffer the· maximum penalty prescribed, and in the event of insolvency, the violator shall suffer imprisonment of one day for each one peso fine i1111posed in additionl to the imprisonn1ent already impoRed thereof by the court. "SEC. 4. Any provisions of Municipal Ordinance, rules and regulations,. which 1 are inconsistent hereof, are hereby r epealed', void and null. "SEC. 5. This Ordinance shall take· effect immediately upon its aporoval. "Approved, December 2, 1944." The informations filed against Timoteo Esguerra, Criminal Case No. 2 of the Court of First Instance of Leyte, G. R. No. L-501, and against Teofilo Decatoria, Criminal Case No. 4 of the same court, G. R. No. L-50~. charged that each of said defendants' did THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW then and there, willfully, unlawfuly and fe. lonioosly sell, barter, convey, offer, give, -0r dispose of whiskey or intoxicating liquor to or in f.avor of soldiers of the United States Army, which wine or intoxicating liquor the a ccused _ had thenl in their possession and un<ler their custody an"d confro!' without any legal authority to do so. - .The informations against Jose Chan, Criminal Case No. 7 of the Court of First Instance od' Leyte, G. R. No. 505, Felix Labordo, Criminal Case No. 15, G. R. No; L-510, and Pilar E. Pascual, Criminal Case No. 16, G. R. No. L-511, a!l'd against the defendants in other seven (7) separate cases charged the .d. efendants with having, willfully, unlawfully, and feloniously, had in their possession and . under their control and custody "tub_a" - br initoxicating liquor without any legal authority to do so, - The cases against Timoteo Esguerra, Jose Chan, Felix Labordo, and Pilar E_ Pascual were jointly heard and the defendants move<! for the dismissal of the charge on the ground t hat the Ordinance No. 4, Serie~ 1944, which, according to the informations, was by them violated is null and void, because the Munic· ipal Council of Tacloban, Leyte, had no power to enact it. The lower court, after hearing the arguments of the prosecution and the defense, declared the ordinance in question null and void, and dismissed the cases against the said defendants; and also dismissed the cases against the defendants in all <ither cases, presumably because the ordinance which penalizes as an offense the selling, bartering, offering. giving away or dispensing of liquors, having been declared null and void, the part of the same ordinance which penalizes the possession, custody and coni1 r~ •t I ., or~ hRil to be declared null and void also, since the latter can not be separated from the former. The prosecuting attorney, in behalf of the plaintiff, The People of the Philippines, appealed fr.om the decision of the lower court in the twelve (12) cases, and all of them are now before us on appeal. The appellant contends that the ordinance at bar was enacted by virtue of the police power of the Municipality of Tacloban con· fprred by the general welfare clause, secti<m 2238 of the Revised Administrative Code, and fa therefore valid. Said section reads as follows: "SEC. 2238. General power of council to enact ordinances and make regulations.The municipal council shall enact such ordinances and make such regulations, not repugnant to law, as may be necessary to carry into effect <md discharge the powers and duties conferred upon it by law ·and such as shall seem necessary and proper to provide for the health and safety, pro· mote the prosperity, improve the morals, peace, good order, comfort, and convenience FEBRUARY, 1949 of the municipality and the inhabitants thereof, and for the protection of property therein." We are of the opinion, and so hold, that the lower court has not ei-red in declaring the ordinance No. 44, Series 1944, utlra vires and t herefore nul! and void. Under the general welfare clause, Sec. 2238 of the Revised Ad1nin i-strative Code, a municipal council may enact such Ordinances, not repugnant to law, as shal! seem necessary and prope1· to provide for the health and safety, etc., of the in.habitants of the municipality. But as the ordinance in question prohibiting the selling, giving away and dispensing of liquor is repugnant to the provision of Section 2242 (g > of the same Revised Administrative Code, the Municipal Council of Tacloban had no power under said Sec. 2238 to enact the ordinance . .,nder consideration. The prohibition is contrary to the power granted by Sec. 2242 (g) "to regulate the selling, giving away and dispensing of intoxicating malt, vinous, mixed or fermented liquors at retail;" because the word "regulate" means and includes the power to control, to g<>vern and to restrain; and can not be construed as synonymous with "suppress" or "prohibit;" (Kwong Sing vs. City of Manila, 41 Phil. Rep., 103) . Since the municipality of Tacloban is empowe1"ed only to regulate, it cannot prohibit the selling, giving away and dispensing of intoxicating liquors, for that which is prohibited or does not legally exist cari not be regulated. The powers conferred upon a municipal council in the general welfare clause, or Sec. 2238 of the Revised Administrative Code, refers to matters not covered by the other !'ro· visions of the &;me Code, and therefore it can not be applied to intoxicating liquors, for the power to regulate the selling, giving away and dispensing thereof is granted specifically by Sec. 2242(g) to municipal· councils. To hold that, under the general power granted by Sec. 2238, a municipal council _ may enact the ordinance in question, notwithstanding the provision of Sec. 2242 (g), would be to make the latter superfluous and nugatory because the power to prohibit, includes power to re· gulate lli selling, giving away and dispensing of intoxicating liquors. Under the charters of municipal corporations in the States of the Union, from which the provisions of the Organic Act of our cities and -municipalities were taken, municipal corporations a_ re generally granted, not only the specific power to regulate the sale or traffic of intoxicatin,g liquon;, but also the general welfa1·e power similar to that conferred by Sec. 2238 of the Revised Administrative Code. And the Courts of last resort in the said States have uniformly held that the "legislative authority to license OT regulate the sale of intoxicating liquors does not authorize -a municipality to prohibit it, either in express terms or by imposing prohibitive license fees." (Continued on page 128) Page 127 .A RESOL UTION REQUESTING HIS EXOE'LLENCY, THE PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINES, TO ISSUE AND PROMULGATE AN EXECUTIVE ORDER ALLOWING MUNICIPA.L GOVERNMENTS TO INCREASE THE SALARIES OF THE CHIEF MUNICIPAL OF'F'ICIALS. WHEREAS, the maximum rates of salaries fixed for the chief municipal officials, . i.e. the municipal' mayor, municipal secretary,. and municipal treasurer, under the provisions of Republic Act No. 103 are very inadequate under the present economic conditions due to the elimination of.· the bonus formerly received by them; WHEREAS, such a stwte of affairs i!< not conducive to the efficiency of the public service considering that these chief municipal officials must maintain adequately the dignity of their office and are, by virtue of their positions, required to spend much for repre~entat.ion purposes; NOIW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, as it is hereby resolved, to request His Excellency, the President of the Philippines, by virtue of the powers vested in him by the Constitution and the Emergency Powers Law, to promulgate an executive order allowing the vario:.is municipal' governments, should their financial condiPower ... i15 R.C.L., p. 262). And the general power granted in the general welfare clause does not authorize a municipal council to prohibit the sale of intoxicants because, .as stated in American Jurisprudence, vol. 30, p. 367, "as ,.. g-PnP"'""l r .. le when a municipal corporation is specifically given author ity or power to regulate or to license and regulate the liquor traffic, power to prohibit is impliedly withheld." In view of the foregoing, the appealed or· ders or resolutions of the lower court dismissing the informations in the a bove entitled cases, are affirmed, without pronouncement as to costs. So ordered. P<J;r<Js, Pei·fecto, Bengzon and Tuazon JJ., concur. Page 128 i:ions permit, to increase the salaries of the chief munici,pal officials to such amounts as shall not exceed the sum of their basic pay and the bonus formerly received by them, it being understood that no municipality shall incur any overdraft for the purpose of effeciting the salary 1 increases therein authorized ; RE:SOLVED LASTLY, that copies of t his resolution be and are hereby furnished His Excellency, the President of the Phi·lippines, for his kind consideration. Approved u1 nanimously, January 15, 1949. I hereby certify that the foregoing resol'ution is a true and correct copy of the resolution unanimously approved in a special meeting of the Rizal Mayors' League held at Pasig, Rizal on January 15, 1949. (Sgd.) BONfF1'.ACIO I. JAVIER Speaker r ........... Congratulations • to ......................................... ! : • • • • ~ • • • • • • • • • . The • : : ( ~ ( • • .. ' •. ~ i : LOCAL GOVERNMENT ~ t ~ : REVIEW i ~ : ~ ~ • 4 • • : j • • t lf/.cvduncdo N. St1a.1ze1 ~ . ( • • t Congressman, 1st District, Quezon ~ • • • • • 4 • • . ( t ........................................... ~ THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW PETITlON FOR MORE MUNICIPAL ALLOTMENT ,FROM THE, GASOLINE: !FUND F'OR .BARRIO ROADS AND BARRIO SCHOOLS. EXCERPTS FROM THE MINUTES OF THE JOINT CONVENTION OF THE PROVINCIAL BOARD OF CAM ARINES SUR AND THE MUNICIPAL MAYORS HELD AT THE CITY OF NAGA ON JANUARY 8, 1949. WHEREAS, the passage by the Philippine Congres.s an~ the approval by His Excellency, the President, of Republic Act No. 314, pro viding for the allotment of National funds, equivalent to 10 7c of the gasoline fund, for the repair, maintenance and construction of municipal roads, is definitely a step towards the improvement of road facilities from the poblacion to the barrios of every town. 'WHEREAS, the Provincial Board and the Mayors of Camarines Sur are cognizant of the incalculable benefits that would accrue to the barrio folks and the steeping of the agricultural and commercial activities of our rural districts, but one problem which every barrio is still haunted every year is the repair, maintenance and construction of the barrio schools; 1WHEREAS, from the liberation up to the present, the town and barrio inhabitants, in their inflinching desire to send their children to school have resorted to communal work, have supplied materials to construct temporary school houses, to accommodate the increasinl!' school ·population, a.nd the ever ready Parent-Teacher Associations in every town and barrio, have become patient beasts of. burden in assuming the functions t.hat are purely of the gov.ernment's; w:HE'REAS, the Provincial Board and Mayors of this province are aware and thankful of this civic spirit of our FEBRUARY, 1949 citizens, but fear that the people could uot continue to carry this heavy rcsvonsibility, and we find in the pass1ge of. Repuiblic Act No. 314, if amended, a way to ease up and relieve the Parent-Teacher Associations of this burden; Now therefore, on motion of Board Member Prila, seconded by Mayor Casuncad of Pili, the Convention resolves :is it is hereby resolved, to petition His Excellency, the President:, and the Philippine Congress, to amend Republic Act No. 314, by increasing the allotment of 10 percent to 20 percent of the gasoline fund given as National Ai.d ~o municiipalities and giving the municipal councils the authority to allocate by resolution, one half of. said' funds for municipal roads and bridges, and the other half for construction and maintenance of barrio schools, or the whole of any of said funds for either roads and bridges or for schools, whichever is the urgent need of every town. Resolved lastly, to furnish copies of this resolution to His Excellency, the President of the Philippines, the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives, Manila, for their kind consideration and approval. Unanimously approved. xx xx xx I hereby certify to the correctness of the above-quoted resolution. ANASTASIO M. PRILA Secretary, Provincial DirectorC1Jte Liberal Party Camarines Sur Resolwtions of the Conference of Prnvincial Governors and City Mayors held in the City of Mani/,a on January 21-21, 1948 (Continued from first issue.) No. 11 WHERE.AS, there exists the necessity of arranging and compiling all motions, suggestions and resolutions to PagG 129 Activities . . . be ·presented and taken up in this convention; WHEREAS, in order to faciliitate the compilation of all such motions, suggestions and resolutions to be presented and taken up in this Convention there ex-isfa a-lso the necessity of. creating a committee to take charge of same; WHERE,FOR,E, this Convention of Provincial Governors· and City Mayors, :vith the foregoing cons·iderations, unammously RESOLVED, as it is hereby resolved, to authorize the Chairman to appoint seven members who will form themselves into a Committee charged with l'Cceiving all mobions, suggestions and resolutions to be arra-nged 'and compiled in the form of a memorial for His Excellency, the President of the Phil;ppines. RESOLVED 'FURTHER, that the members of this Committee thus authorized created are as follows: Gov. P. Faypon of Iloco& Sur Chairman " F. Leviste of !Blatanga~, Member D. Aguila of La Union, " A. Abueg of. Palawan, " 'F. Azcufia of Zamboanga City Mayor J. Carino of Bagui~, " ,, M. Raffifian of Cebu, " RESOLV.En .FINALLY, to furnish copy of this reso·J.ution to the Chairman and Members of said Committee for their information and guidance. Carried unanimously. No. 12 WHERE.AS, this Convention is gi;ven but only a few days to study and deliberate on bills and mea&ures that r ................................................................................ ~ ~ . ~ ~ ~ . ~ Tan Tai Chong ~ ~ . ~ ~ ~ Bakery • ~ . ! Yawe, Padre Burgos, Quewn l ~ . ~ .................................................................. .J Page 130 may be presented and brought up for consideration; WHERE:AS, the study and deliberation on proposed bills by each and every member of. this Convention takes quite a long time; 'ITHEREL<\S, this lengthy process of deliberating on all proposed bills and measures to be taken up in this convention could ·very well be avoided if the same be charged to a Commitrtee which will first go over and study all n1ch bills after which it may submit tits findings to this Co,nvention for action; WHEI),EFORE, this Convention of Governors and City Mayors, unanimously RESOLVED, as it hereby resolved to create a Committee to study all pro~ posed bills and to .submit its findings on time to this Convention for final deliberation and action. RESOLVED 'FURTHER, that the members of this Committ·ee are· as follows: Gov. J. A. Madarang of N. V, Chairman " M. Pefiaflorid'a of Iloilo, Member D. E . Chipeco of Laguna. " P. T. Villanueva of. N. Or., " G. Santay:ma of Quezon, " J. 0. Chioco of N. Ecija, RESOLVED FINALLY, to furnish a copy of this resoJ!ution to each of the Chairm:m and Members of this Committee for their information and guidance. Carried unanimously. No. 13 WHER.E.AS, the granting of a more local nutonomy to provincial and city governments is one of the primary purposes for which this convention has been called; WHEREAS, t·here are already proposed bills regarding the change or granting of more local autonomy pre8ented to th.is Body; W,HEREAS, before acting on such praposed bills, it is important that careful study and deliberation on same should first be made in order to find out the benefits and defectis which such measures may afford to local governments; The Provincia-1 Governors and City THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW Mayors now in convention in Manila, with the foregoing considerations, unanimously RESOLVED, as it hereby resolved, that copies of proposed bills regarding the change of local autonomy ibe furnished to all Governors and City Mayors for their careful study and consideration. RESOLVED FURTHER, to furnish copies of this . resolution to the Chairman, Committee on Local Autonomy of this Convention for his information and appropriate action. Carried unanimously. No. 14. WHEREAS, Provincial Governors and City Mayors are held direc~ly responsible for the success of .thell" administration in their respective rprovinces and cities; .WHEREAS, a number of National Government Bureaus and offices . ~re represented in ~h~ provinc.es and cities by national officials appomted by the heads of the respective departments which they represent; WHEREAS, the actuaitions and the degree of cooperation of these reprezentatives of naitional government offices extended to rprovincial governors and city mayors have much to do to~ards the success of the administration of. a province or a city ; 'WHEREAS, in order to insure the success of the administration of a certa in province or city, which if it be a failure, is solely blamed ~rpon the provincial gover nor or the city mayor, as the case may be ; WHEREFORE, the conference of (}overnors and City Mayors, RESOLV.E:D, as it is hereby resolved, to petition and request H~s. E:ccellency, the President of the Ph1hppm~s, that before Department Secretaries send government officials, or before assigning go.vernment officials to the provinces or cities, proper consultation with provincial governors or city mayors thereat be invariably made to insure close cooperation and mut ual understanding in the successful administration and smooth running of provincial and city governments. FEBRUARY, 1949 RESOLVED FURTHER, to forward this resolution to His Excellency, the President of the ·Philippines, Manila, for his information and favorable consideration, furnishing copies hereof to all Heads of Executive Departments, Manila, for their information also. Carried. No. 15. WHEREAS, the present method of distributing health fund by the National Government to the different orovinces is not equitabl~ and depending upon the income of the respective provinces; WHER,E:AS, healt h fund is maintained by a certain percentage of income which is not more than 10 per cent and depending upon the degree of cooperation and mutual ·underst~mding which exist between the Governor and District Health Officer; WHEREAS, 1he share of. the national government to the health fund depends upon the sh:i.re of the respective provinces·; WHEREAS, the provinces wifu bigger income usually get the bigger share and those with .Jess income the less share of the health fund; WHERE'FORE, the Go:vernors and City Mayors now in convention, RESOLVED, as i·t hereby resolved, to endorse the bill rpresented by the Honorabl'e, the Secretary of Public Health and Welfare, to centralize heal.th fund in order to effect the equitable distribution of same to . the ·various provinces. RESOLVED FURTHER, to forward copies of this resolution thru the res.pective Secretaries of both Houses of Congress, Manila, for their information and favorable consideratiion, furnishing copy hereof to the Honorable, the Sec:·etary of ·Public Health and 'Welfare, Miani. la, for his information. Carried unanimously. No. 16. WHEREAS, Commonwealth Act No. 85, ag amended by Commonwealth !Act No. 649 provides that each municipality or municipal dis• trict shaH set aside annually a sum of not less th<tn three (Continued on page 133) Page 131 For His Lack Of Sportsmanship Judgment Affirmed! [G. R. ,No, 4009-May 25, 1934] 'fHE PEOPLE QF THE 'PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, plain1 tiff-appellee, versus '!ANDRES' S. NICOLAS, d€fendant. D ,ECISION BUTTE, J .: The aippellant, who is a member of the bar, was convicted in the Justice of the Peace Court of lesiones menores. On appeal this conviction was affirmed , J)y the Court of First IlliStance of Rizal and the ·appellant fined 1'5.00. He brings this case to the court of last resort. The domestic :placi<lity of the conjugal establishment of the appellant and his spouse was turbulently disturbed! by their debutante daughter Yrho asseverated her intransigent hostility to certain anachronistic socia-J usages (chaperonagie). This originated an acromonious disputation between the appellant and his ~pouse. Unable to compose their 'divergent viewpoints by mutual concessions, they resorted to the arbitrament of pugilism, in which the spouse-a husky woman-gave a convincing demonstrntion of the ultrafeminisit :postulate of the .invincible equality of the sexes. Whereupon the ·nppellant, in craven betrayal of his sex -and Stygian blindness to the precepts . {)f his noble professfon, accepted the 1-einforcement of a swagger stick with which he belayed his opponent. He now pleads. self-defense. Shame on him! For his Jack of sportsmanship the judgment is affirmed with double costs (Rule 40). Santos: ar.d Dfaz, JJ., concur. Professional jealousy"Say, I hear you lost you'r job. Why did the foreman fire you?" "You know what a foreman is-he's the one who stands around and watches his :men work." "What's that got to do with it?1 " "Why, he got jealous of me. People thought I was the foreman."-Varieties Page 132 ,~ PERSEVERANCE TAMERLANE, , the great Asiatic ruler, was one of those. wise and. discerning individuals who draw important -lessons from the small incidents of life. "Once," he related to his friends, '·I was forced to hide myself from my enemies in a ruined building, where I sat alone many hours. _ Seeking to diverit my mind from my apparently hopeless condition, I fixed my attention on an ant that was carrying a grain of corn larger than itself up a high wall. I counted the efforts it made to· accomplish this feat. The .grain fell sixty-nine times to the ground; but the insect persevered, and the seventieth time it reached! the top. This incident gave me courage at the moment, and I never forgot the lesson." Congratulatory ... Your magazine is well presented. Congratul'ations. ~ Director FELIX M::ARAMBA of Plant Industry. I recommend that the Local Government Revi,ew be given the necessary support by both local officials and employees in the province of Misamis OrientaL-Hon. PACIENCIO G. YSALINA, Prov. Gov. of Misamis Oriental. The members of the police force of this municipality Jike the Local Government Review very much, especially that portion regarding the .Police Law Annotated. Herewith are ten subscriptions for one year each.-Chi,ef of .Pol ice Gelacio Roque of Victoria, Tar1ac. The journal is really a very good one. It is educational, informative and instl'uotive. It should 1 be made the official organ of the GoV'ernment. Congratulations.-Dr. ALFONSO D.E LEON, Director, La Union Provincial Hospital. The Local Government Review is becoming popular in this town. I am sending you several subscriptions. - Policeman Maglanoc of Tarlac, Tarh1c. (To be continued) THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW Activities ... per centium and not more than five per centum of its general fund, at the discretion of the Provincial :EiDard and each provincial board shall set aside· from its general fund! .J'ike sum which, together with the sums. set as·ide by the municipalities and mun.icipa.l districts under its j.urisdictions, shall const~tute a speci~l fund to he .known as "Agricultural! Fund"; • WHEREAS, under the present financial- status of the provinces under the Republic of the Philippines, this rel]uiremcnt of the law cannot be duly complied with wi·thout impairing and paralyzing the essential activities of their general funds in-addition to making-·ff very hard, if not impossible, for them to meet all their respeCJtive mandatory and statutory obligations, including sinking fund installments, iJonded indebtedness and otlher pre-war obligations, aside from the different transfers of other funds; WHEREAS, the provincial generaJ. funds embrace wider fi.el'd of aetivities than those of the municipalities and/ or municipal districts, and to require them to contribute equal amounts as those required of the municipalities and districts to contribu.te to the Provincial Agricultural 1 Fund under their i·esrpective jurisdictions would mean not unly to limib their activities needing immediate attention, especiaJ.ly those in the fields of health, education and morals, but also curtail the livel'y and vigorous spirit that may be taken towards the effort of • bringing a harmonious coordinatrion of activities aimed at reconstruction and rehabilitation such th:J1t peace, tranquility, contentment and happiness may once more prevail in this war-battered land of ours; . '\\'HEREAS, for the provinces to contribute ab leas. t three per centum of, t heir general funds to their respective Agricultural 'Funds withou·t the necesi;!ty of equalling the amount contributed by all the municipalities and mu.n6pal' districts under their respective jurisdi0tions would be more just and FEBRUARY, 1949 equitable, considering the present disrupted finances of tile provinces due . to the incidents of the last global war; WHEREF'ORE., on motion by Governor Perfecto Faypon of Ilocos Sur ihe Provincial Governors and City lVIayors in Convention, unanimously RESOLVED, as it is hereby resolved, to petition the Congress of the \Philippines, thru His Excellency, the President of. the Philippines, Manila, to have this .Jaw, Commonwealth Act 85, as amended by Commonwealth Act 649, further amended, in the sense that + ,he annual contribution of any province to its agricultural' fund shalJi not be less than three per centum of its general fund, without the necessity of covering the total amount of contributions to trlie same fund made by the municipalities and districts of the province. RESOLVED FURTHER, w forward this resolution to the Congress of the Philippines, thru His Excellency, the President of the Philippines, Manila, earnestly recommending favorable consideration. Carried unanimously. No. 17 WHERE/AS, the organizatrion of this Body of Governors and Ci• ty Mayors into an Association aimed at working solidly for the improvement and best interests of the provinces and cities; • WHEREAS, the organization of. a certain group into an. as. sociation, the naming of such an association and the electing or appoi.n.ting of its officers are of paramount importance in its proper funCltioning and administration; W;HEREAS, • UP to this time this Body of ·Provincial Governors and City Mayors now In convention in Manila as still devoid of. a name and still without: officers, except its temporary C'hairman ; WHERBFORE, the Governors and City Mayors now in convention, with the foregoing considerations, unanimously (Continued on page 135) Page 133 ON "QUEZON IN ACTION" (1904-1944) by JUAN F. Rl'VERA f'AOM THt: OtS1C 01" "There is one thought which I want you always to have in mind, and that is: That you are Filipinos, that the Philippines is your country and the only country God has given you; that you must keep it for yourselves, for your children, and your children's chiW!ren, until the world is no 1no1·e; and that you must live f01· it and die for it, if necessary."-Manuel L. Quezon (1938). Page 134 THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW Activities ... RESOLVED, as it is hereby resolved, to name this association as the "ConferenC1! of Provincial Governors and City Mayors", the officers of which should compose of. the PresJdent, Vice.President, Secretary, Treasurer, Auditor, and seven Directors. The Directors will be appointed by the Pres.jdent -0f the Conference one of whom must be a city mayor and the other six to be apportioned as follows: 2 from Luzon; 2 from Visayas and 2 from Mlindanao. RESOLVED .FURTHER, that the <•ff:icers and directors are as follows,: Officers Gov. Man.uel Cuenco of Cebu, President J. B. Lingad of ·Pampanga, VicePresident P. F'aypon of. Ilocos Sur, Secretary City Mayor P. Bernardo of Quezon, Treasurer Manuel1 de la Fuente of Manila, A'uditor. Directors Governor Nicasfo Arqnz of Cagayan G. Santayana of Quezon M. Peiiaflorida of Iloilo J. C. Borja of Bohol P. Y. Ysalina of Misamis Or. F. i.A2cuiia of Zamboanga City Mayor Jose Carino of !Baguio RESOLVED FINALLY, to furnish ~~ copy of. this resolution to the offi<:1!rs and directors mentioned above for their information and guidance. Carried. No. 18 1 WHEREiAS, in the discussion, deli!Jeration, consideration and solwtion by this Body of Go.vernors and City Mayors of all problems and other matters affecting the provinces and cities in particular and the whole country in general, it is necessary to consult and :~······-~·.........,..,..·············1 t ENRIQUE 0. CHAN - ~ t Attorney-at-Law ~ : 315 Ayala Bldg. ~ ~ Manila Tel. 2-65-10 ~ ~ ............................................................. . FEBRUARY, 1949 seek the apm1on of head's of the various executive departmenta and other national! off:ices, ,for its information and guidance as well; WHEREAS, such information, comment or opinion desired or sought for by this Body from the various department and office heads are given sometimes in the forms of speeches, memora·nda or question and answer methods; · WHEREAS, in order that every governor and city mayor may be given the chance to deliberate intelligently on such speeches and the like; The Provincial Governors arul City Mayors now in convention in the City of Manila, with the foregoing consideration, unanimously RESOLVED, as it hereby resolved, that all speeches, delivered or memoranda given in this convention be insel'ted in the records and that copies thereof be furnished to all GoVl:!rnors and Ci.ty Mayors for their information and careful defiberation. Carried unanimously. (To be continued) Page 135 MEMO&'.ANDUM for EVERY CITIZEN [Excerpts from Speeches and Messages of His Excellency ,ELPIDIO QUIRINO President of the Philippines.] "As individuals and as a people, we hav-e our own prob)ems. But our attention should not be limited to these problems; it should also seek to d'iscover the rela:tion of these problems to those of other individuals and other peoples. Our personal and community welfare is intimately bound with the welfare of others, not onJy within but outside our homes and ou.r national frontiers."-At rthe 15th anniversary of the fQUndation of the Far Eastern University, Nov. 5, 1948. * * * "Our natural resources must be completely and efficiently utilized if we are to survive as a nation. * * * Home production of our iprimary and! vital needs must ait once be given impetus." ~At the inauguration· of the Central Bank, January 3, 1949. * * * "It is the duty of every one to support whoever is at the head of the government."-At the plMa of the City of Naga on ·January 9, 1949. * * * "I am sure that the publication of the Local Government Review will meet the great need for reference and information o:titen felt by those who administer provincia.J·, city and municipal governments as well as by the residents of. these communities. "lt can distill practical knowledge and wisdom out of. the experiences of our local administrators and contribute substantially to good government and good citizenship. I commend the initiative of the publishers and editors of this publication and wish them every success."-Message published at page three of QUr first issue, January, 1949. * * * Page 136 ANCIENT HONESTY AND SUPERMACY ·OF THE LAW Queen SIMA (From Chinese dynastic annals translated in Groeneveldt's Notes on the Malay Archipelago with the date given as A.D. 614 and the place as Kalang, ur Dj-Apo; corresponding to • the Cotcibato region af southern Mindanao.) O;,ir country has had an enviable reputation for honesty. It has been our custom not to disturb even things dropped in the road, leaving these for their owner's return, thait he whose 1 hey rightfully are may recover them however lon:g his delay. · A ruler from faraway, an Arab, doubted our fame and thou1 ght to test it by sending a bag of gold to be left in the road as a trap. For • three years it remained in the road. 'For three years those of our people who saw it • passed around it. It was left for you, the expectant future ruler, to be careless. You thought that your rank privileged you to not ·turn out, so you stepped over the purse. Yet you should have set the ex.ample. You ought to have been the most carefu~ of all. ~l9cause your rank is greater you1· fault is graver. Death was the penalty at first in my mind but my ministers have dissuaded me. Then, because your fault was in your feet, I would have had them cut off, but even that my ministers advise is too severe a penalty. I sentence you to have the ~oes of both feet cut off, to remind you to set a better example, as a warning to others, and to prove that in our land no one is so high in rank as to be ~bove the law. * From Aust:.n Craig's Gems of Philippine Oratory (1924) P. 9. THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW Congra,tulatory ... publish matters pertaining particularly to the administration of provincial and municipal governments. - Provincial Treasurer ANDRES AGC!AOI,LI of Quezon Province. RESOLVED, That the Municipal Treasurer be and is hereby authorized t'.J appropriate from any available fund . . . to cover one (1) year subscription of the munici<pality to the monthly organ "The Local Government Review; ' it being the opinion of the members of the couincil that said organ will be useful for reference and information to· local government officials and employees.-RES. No. 4, c. s. MUNICIPAL COUNCIL OF' BACOLOR, Pampanga. For years I have been wanting to see the kind of reading matters that will help the poor town ex·ecutives that are handicapped by the lack of tech .. nical advisers due to stringent municipal finances. Only their better resourcefulness and intuition 1rnide them in the .past in order to fulfill their duties well. Now with. the birth of a needed magazine, such as yours, this fong existing gap has at last been ibridged to a haippy solution. May those in the same position as mine find guidance in the Local Government Review !- Mayor ·PEDRO V. GUERRERO of Baler, Quezon. I found the Local Government Review very interesting. Congratulations and I wish you success.-Hon. LEON G. GUINTO, formerly Undersecretary of the Interior and Secretary of Labor. The Review is well gotten out and :lbly edited. It is replete with source n~aterial's which are of real permanent value.-MAURO GARCIA, Chief, MaJacafian Library. Congratulations for the first number of "The Local' Government Review." It is full of vital information. Am recommending its inclusion among magazines in all public school libraries of the schools in the Division.-Div. Supt. of Schools RICARDO CASTRO OF SORSOGON. FEBRUARY, 1949 . Your magazine has received the enthusiastic approval of the public. Congratulations.-Atty. JOSE ERESTAIN, Chief Law Officer, General Auditing Office. The magazine is really very interesting. It has given us a new light with regard to our government administration of which otherwise we would have been ignorant. Congratulations-.- Mrs. MIARIA C. LOPEZ, Agoo, La Union. • We have found the review to contain informative articles on municipal and provincial governments which make it valuable reference material. W€ have placed the magazine in our library for the use and reference of our employees as well as callers who may desire information on provincia1 and municipal governmentsi.-DIRECTOR OF COMMERCE. (Continued on page 132) Page 137 Republic of the Philippines Department of Public Works and Communications BUREAU OF POSTS Manila SWORN STATEMENT (Required by Act No. 2580) The undersigned, PETRA 0 . RIVERA managing editor, business manager, owner, publisher, of THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW published monthly in EngHsh at 83 D. Tuazon Ave. Cor. 50 Laon-Laan, Q.C. after having been duly swo1·n in accordance with law, hereby- submits the following statement of ownership, management, circulation, etc., which is required by Act No. 2580, as amended by Commonwealth Act No. 201: Name Post-Office Address Editor: JUAN F. RIVERA 83 D. Tuazon Cor. 50 Laon-Laan, Q.C. Managing Editor: . PETRA 0. RIVERA 83 D. Tuazon Cor. 50 Laon-Laan, Q.C. Business Manager: PETRA 0. RIVERA 83 D. Tuazon Cor. 50 Laon-Laan, Q.C. Publishe1·: PETRA 0. RIVERA 83 D. Tuazon Cor. 50 Laon-Laan, QC. Prir.ter: BUSTAMENTE PRESS 514 P. Gomez, Quiap>, Mani'a Office of Publication: 83 D. Tuazon Ave., Cor. 50 Laon-Laan, Quezon City If publication is owned by a corporation, stockholaers owning one per cent o» more of the total <rmount of stocks: NONE NONE Bondholders, mortgagees, or other security holders owning one per cent or more of total amount of security: NONE NONE In case of daily publica'tion, averege number .of copies pri11ted and circulated of each issue during the preceding month of 19 ....... . 1. Sent to paid subscribers ... 2. Sent to others than paid subscribers Total .................................................. . N 0 N E N 0 N E N 0 N E In case of publication other than dail~-, total number of copies printed and circulated of the last issue dated January, 1949. 1. Sent to paid. subscribers ....................... . 2. Sent to others than paid subscribers Total ... (Sgd.) PETRA 0. RIVERA OWNERANDPUBLIBHER 150 2.850 3:000 Subscribed and sworn to before me this 31st day of December 31, 1948, at Manila the affiant exhibiting her Residence Certificate No. A-50865 issued at Manila, on Jan. 12, 1948. Doc. No. 710 Page No. 70 Bcol<i No. VIfI Series of 1948 Page 138 (Sgd.) EMILIANO ANONAS Notary Public My commission expires on Dec. 31. 1~-1~ THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW HOROSCOPE* ____ _ Were You Born in February? FEBRUARY 1 Others will lean on your bigness of heart and sympathetic nature. Yours is a mind of good ideas and sound judgmerut. Your great happiness will be in travel and writing. Your personal following wiJI be large. FEBRUARY 3 You have a fine analytical mind and are capable of sound judgment. nventive or mechanical work are indicated as your best vocations. You would succeed in the work of librarian or steward. FEBRUARY 5 The sensitive hea1·t born on this date rnust learn to i·esist sentimental attractioms. Summon cou1'age td back your determination to rise above a natural w G:aknes.s and if necess.ary become hardhearted, ~------------FEBRUARY 7 Do not be too easily contented with your accomplishments and reach for ::io . higher goal. Do not hold your ability or experience too cheaply.' Demtand more for· yourself and work steadfastly to achieve it. FEBRUARY 9 Born of this date you have a great memory for dates and events. A lover of history you would do well in teaching- it. A lover of athletics you should ma!.ntain your physical activities with plenty of outdoor work. FEBRUARY 11 You have an artistic mind and a keen appreciation of beauti• and art, but you must be guided ·by your intuihon and not by your sympathies. Philanthropic or welfar e work will show 1 ·e.turn. FEBRUARY 13 Born this day is a great homelover with highly developed domestic interests that confine themselves too narrowly to the family circle. You have power and cou1·age to surmount many obstacles. FEBRUARY 15 A strong opinion is a good thing until carried to limits that become overbearing. Listen moi·e to otherS .and consider the viewpoint of your associates. Don't be too positive before being sure of your ground. *From NYAL FEBRUARY, 194D FEBRUARY 2i Too many opportunities will come your way and will develop a restless uncertainty unless guaTded again.st. With liberal ability great care should be taken in choosing the life work. Start slowly and! stay by it. FEBRUARY 4 Born this day is a lover of iruature with a great fondness for flowers and gardens. You are well ·fitted for agricultural work or in horticulture Such patience and understanding sho~ld parent a large family. FEBRUARY 6 You have tru~ting, confidential nature, but your faith and ability· are understood and appredated. Seek an 0utlet for your efforts in mechanical c.ngineering, drafting, or designing mechanical toys. FEBRUARY 8 It wi.11 pay you to indulge yourself in travel which will have a comanercial value in later life. You are quick to gain the confidence of qthers and a great friend maker. As a salesman you will succeed. FEBRUARY 10 Your fondness for reading and sturly should take you a long ways in the field of literature. You are an ind·i• vidualist to an extreme and should spend more of your time mingling .wi,th people. I FEBRUARY 12 - Pioneering, financial work or ~nven tive application will br 'ng best results fr0101 your efforts. Your nature is to find out the i·ight answer for yourself, being not too dependent upon cth~rs. FEBRUARY 14 Engineering and inventive mechanics &re indicated as besf fo1:· cine born this date. Your determiri.atiori to win and your blindness to ·all failure wi.]J make you a succes,s. You will not let others hinder you. · FEBRUARY 16 You have · an inspirational energetfo nature al)il a love for .travqJ. Your best efforts will come from work having to do with 'investigation, or the chro11icling of ancient history and charting travel routes. Page 139 - FEBRUARY 17 FEBRUARY 18 Born of this date your friendships are You learn so qui.ckly you have diffimr.de too easily to last long. You ac- culty in retaining the worth of your cept people too readily and take them studies. Read less and digest more. fa1to your confidence too soon. Your Yours is the problem of concentrating best efforts will be in public service your thoughts. Your work is liable to work. get ahead of your thought&. FEBRUARY 19 FEBRUARY 20 Health will . be your great asset and You have an analytical mind and are care should be taken not to treat a apt to give offense to those who can rugged physical condition too ca1·e- not colpprehend your advanced id<>as. lessly. Do not undermine your system You must maintain a rational mental with the use of either tobacco or strong b&lance or in the end ~OU will suffer di-ink. l'nluch. FEBRUARY 21 FEBRUARY 22 You are apt to dwel! a_t too much length Though ideas may not come to you on your .own shortcomings ' and were easily, you have the faculty to take anbetter off if you thought lesR about other's ideas and make them register . yourself. Don't take youl'self or the Your work should be more of manageworld too seriously. Make it a business ment and ·supervision and le•s of creato mix with people. tioni.. FEBRUARY 23 FEBRUARY 24 Your interest in, m<itters of health, Born of this date you are an extremhygiene and physical welfare should ist by nature with an inclination to qualify you for medi6ne or nursing. think broadly and work vigorously, You Your deep sympathetic nature should will not be satisfied with ony result of make you many lasting friends. Be easy accomplishment.:;. careful in al! investments. FEBRUARY 25 FEBRUARY 26 A quick wit and a ready tongue can Your excess energv shol'.ld be devoted easily turn to sarcasm that loses many to your mental development. You will friendships Care should be taken be- accomplish more if you plan your work fore venturing an opinion. You can be and work your plan. Impulsiveness readily misunderstood. Learn to be ·should be guarded <igainst. Retail charitable. storekeeping is suggested. FEBRUARY 27 FEBRUARY 28 You have a dualistic nature with a Born of this date it is hard for you tendency toward the materialistic on to accept either the ·orders or ideas of one ,,ide and the idealistic on the other. others. In your opinions you r.re very You should have a hobby which takes positive. Your judgment is inclined to you out-of-doars, or brings you into be too sr>appy. Fraternal associat!on competition with the opposite sex. will prove beneficial. "Happiness itself is suffic:.ent excuse. Beautiful things are right and true ; so beautiful act!.ons are those pleasing to the gods. \Vise men have an inward sense of what is beautiful, and the highest wisdom is to trust this intuition and be guided by it. The answer to the last appeal of what is right lies within a man's own breast. Trust thyself." -ARISTOTLE. Page 140 THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW