The Local Government Review

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Part of The Local Government Review

Title: The Local Government Review
Issue Date: Volume I (Issue Number. 3) March 1949
Year: 1949
Language: English
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extracted text: LOCAL GOVERNMENT . REVIEW VOL. I - No. 3 MARCH, 1949 ONE PESO PRINCIPAL CONTENTS Quezon's Political Philosophy ...........................................................•........................... Editorial - · Neglected Factors in Municipal Administration ............................. . Pcige 141 142 143 144 145 149 153 163 165 167 168 170 171 174 177 179 181 183 185 187 188 192 Message of Honorable Pio Pedrosa ... . ........................ . The Declaration of Principles ........................................................ . .State of the Nation .... General Authority of Municipal & District Councils to. Levy Taxes . "Our Local Officials" ..................... . Norm of Conduct Expected of Public Servants ......... . Legality of Municipal Proceedings ... Supervision and Control of• Provincial a!ld Municipal Budgets and Plantillas Preparation of Fish Sauce ......................... . Mandatory Powers of Municipal Councils· Classification of Municipalities in Special Provinces . Acquisition of Supplies and Materials for Local Governments .... The Municipal Police Law Annotated ............... . Establishment of Public Libraries ........... . Preventive Regulations on Various Fire Hazards How to· Appeal from Decision• of Provincial Boards Decisions of the Au<l'tor General Historical Docum1ent ... L'st of Elective Municipal Officials Activities of the Local Governments Quezon's Political Philosophy "To the N ew York Herald-T1~bune: "I was amazed to read in Walter Lippman's colu mn in yesterday's ecl-ition of your paper that he takes the position, inferentially at l1)ast, that unless 'a rdiable regime of sec. itrity in the Paciffo' can be secw»ed, there will be 'no earthly good in granting the Philippines independence.' "Let me say at once that I am wholelieartedly in fav01· of collective security. I believe that, unless the United Nations wovide the world with the means of ins!lring peace for at least two or three generations, if not for all time, the unconditional snrrend&>· of the 4.xis will only 'mean a temporary sit.Spension of hostilities. "My political philosophy is old-fashioned. It is still that of Patrick Henry: 'Liberty , or death.' This philc-sovhy has in.~pfred • me to lead my people to fight to the bittei· end by the side of the United State; against Javan. I know from the beginning that the Philippines could not defend itself, and that, because of Pearl Harbor, A1nerica could not com.g to our rescue in tinie tc- save thousands of o!.lr men froni death, and rnany of our towns and cities from desolation. After see. . ing the easy victories of Japan in Singapore, in Mcilaya, in the Netherlands East Ind and he1· more .difficult victory in Bataan and Co,n·egido1~, my faith in our eventual victory was rudely shaken. Yet I continued to w·ge my people to fight on and to accept no defeat. "Of course, now I know that Japan's defeat is certain. But I would can little about Jap. (Continued on page 154) HOROSCOPE: Were You Born in March? Turn to page 203. MARCH, 1949 Page 141 The LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW Monthly Organ to Promote the Welfare and Prosperity of the Provinces, Cities and Municipalities and their Inhabitants. ----000-83 D. Tuazon Ave., Cor. 50 Laon-Laan, Sta. Mesa Heights, Quezon City, Philippines. ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::·::::::::::::::~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::~:::::::::::::::::::::::~::: PE.TRA 0. RIVERA JUAN F. RIVERA JOSE R. COLLANTE Busine;;s Manager Editor Associate GOVERNORS, MAYORS, TREASURERS, AUDITORS, FISCALS, DIVISION SUPERINTENDENTS OF SCHOOLS, DISTRICT ENGINEERS, DISTRICT HEALTH OFFICERS, AND AGRICULTURAL SUPERVISORS-Contribut.ing Staff =:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::~::::::~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::~:::::::::::::::"'''""'""'"""'"'"""'•m:::::::::;:::::::::::::::::::::~~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::~~:~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: EditorialNEGLECTED FACTORS IN MUNICIPAL ADMINISTRATION Let us design local administration afresh and enrich municipal life so as to bring it more in accord with modern aspirations and developing social needs. Only in this way can the machinery of government be kept responsive to public opinion especia:1Jy in the rural communifies. One vital step in the process would be to grant reasonabl·e compensation to municipal councilors and their barrio lieutenants. Historically, these municipal officials occupy ·positions considered as honorary. But how far should civic spirit or historical tradition be permitted to ignore the demands of public efficiency and family or personal needs for earthly existence? Modern psychology points out that the true means of inducing others and of getting the best results from their efforts lies fundamentally in providing compensation which wou.l<l resu~t in a permanent undedying enthusiasm. Hence, historical tradition must yield to the expediency of securing a more enthusiastic consciousness of service, particularly on the part of municipal councilors and barrio lieutenants. Thus, for municipal councilors, we urge payment of gradu.ated per diem compensation in accordance with the class of their respective municipalities, say P5 for 1st class, if'4 for 2nd class, P3 for 3rd class and 1"2 for 4th and 5th class, instead of the present rate of P2 permissible irres1 pective of the class of municipalities. (Continued on next page) THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW is published monthly by Mrs. Petra 0. Rivera with Atty. Juan F. Rivera, Chief of the Provincial Division of the Department of the Interior, and Mr. Jose R. Collante, Provincial Treasurer of Sorsogon as Editor :ind Associate Editor, respectively. Entered as second cl3Ss mail rr.a'tter at the Manila Post Office on J anu-.ry 24, 1949. SUBSCRIPTION RATES:-Pl0.00 a year; P6.00 for six months; l'l.00 per copy. Foreign rates: Double. BUSINESS OFFICE :-Comer 50 Laon-Laan and 83 Tuazon Avenue, Sta. Mesa Heights, Quezon City. PRINTED BY BUSTAMANTE PRESS, 514 P. Gomez, Quiapo, Manila Page 142 THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW MESSAGE Social and economic progress is inseparably linked with municipal institutions. Local governments constitute the base upon which the foundations of democracy and of orderly civilized living are rooted. From them the nation draws strength, vigor and vitality. There is nothing with which the citizen comes into more intima.te contact, or brings him closer to the Administration than the local government. It touches the daily Zif e of the citizen in its ramified aspects, influences his thoughts and sentiments, builds his traditions, and develops in him his capabilities for sound and · responsible citizenship. De Tocqueville's dictum has become a classic: "A nation may establish a system of free government, hut without the spirit of municipal institutions it cannot have -the spirit of liberty." The improvement and invigoration of local government administration is a continuing task. A just and progressive execution of the laws and policies of the Republic in the interest of our people needs an equipment of vital, up-to-date information on the facts and problems of local government administration. ' The LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW should fill that need. It sh01•lrl rr,..f rr!'I a feeler and a registering medium to record the proarP..Q8 WP. arP. making in the task of directing local governmental work so that it may be responsive at all times to the will and the aims and the aspirations of our people. I wish to congratulate the editors of the LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW for initiating the publication of this worthy magazine. Febr1mry 26, 1949 Neglected Factors .. . --)o(- - PIO PEDROSA Secretary of Finance F'or barrio lieutenants, a recognition of their activities is· a tribute which the proper authorities would do well to pay in fuller measure. They are the most neglected factors in rur2.l .life administration. While they spearhead campaigns for peace and order, e~termination of locusts, pests and animal diseases, collection of taxes and food production, and do many errands, they get nothing tangible in return except free res• idence tax and the satisfaction of. serving; their people faithfully. On their behaff, we advocate that .municipal councils be vested with discretionary or permissive power to provide them with compensation which should be lower than that which may be authorized for the councilor of the barrio or barrios concerned, upon the recommendation of the Rural Council in such barrio or barrios, so that this rural unit of local administration may be revitalized.- JFR. MARCH, 1949 Page 143 ~ ................................................................................................ ~ .............................................................. ~ • • • ~ ~ ~ THE DECLARl,ATION OF PRINCIPLES : • [Article II, C<mstitu.tion of the Philippines] : ~ . • SECTION 1. The Philippines is a republican state. Sovereignty • ~ resides in the people and all government authority emanates from them. : ~ ~ ~ SEC. 2. T.he defense of the State is a prime duty of government, • ~ and in the fulfillment of this duty all citizens may be required by law : • to render personal military or civil service. • ~ . • • ~ SEC. 3. The Phi'J.ippines renounces war as an instrument of nati-0n- : ~ ail policy, and adopts the generally accepted .principles of international ; ~ law as part of the law of the Nation. 4 • • ~ SEC. 4. The natural right and duty of parents in the rearing of : ~ the youth for civfc efficiency should receive ·the aid~nd support of the : • Government. • ~ : • •• ~ SEC. 5. The promotion of social justice to insure the well-beirig j• ~ and economic security of all the people should be the concern of the Stat·e. ~ . : •................•.................•.•.. ,~ .....................•.. ~ President Roosevelt Approving the Fidlippine Constitution Fourteen Years Ago (March 23, 1935.) Page 144 THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW STATE OF THE NATION [Message by His Excellency Elpidio Quh~no'. .P'·?sident of the P~ilippin~s, to the First Congress of the Republic of the Philippines, Fourth Session, delivered at the Joint Session of Congress in the Session Hall, Legislative Building, Manila, on Monday, January 24, 19·19, at 4 p.m.] Mr. President, Mr. Speaker, :fidence in the government. My first act Gentlemen of the Congress: ln . this direction was to order the reduction in the price of Cla&s· E rice, then selling at one .peso, to eighty-fhe centavos a ganta. This order reduced the cost not only of. other grades of rice but also of other essential commodities whose price structure is dependent on the cost of rice. I am happy indeed to meet you in this historic hall. Its rehabilitation is the most recent evidence of owr efforts at rapid reconstruction. We agreed to reconstruct the Legislative Building and the Finance and Agriculture buildings yonder only last September. Today is our homecoming to this hall. It is my hope .that before long the ruins and scars of battle in this hallowed area will disappear. I have had the pleasant experience of working with you during your last legislative session. iB'ut I have not had as yet the formal occasion to thank you all for the splendid cooperation you have been giving me from the initial months of. my adminish:ation. Without that cooperation I could not have carried on. I am in hopes that during the session,s just starting we shall continue to work together with understanding and devotion, to the end that we may go ahead with the task of nationbuilding without unnecessary interruptions and distractions. This is an election year. We have barely ten months before most of us will have to account for our acts to the people. We have to present a work well done. As you. already know, I ascended the Presidency under ~he most depressing and distressing circumstances. But deep in my heart I was determined to carry on silently the work so auspidously begun by my illustrious predecessor. ornr dear friend the late President Roxas, on our common venture to lay the fou.nd11.tions of this new Republic. Restoration of Peace My first concern was to complere the restoration of peace and order and to strengthen our people's morale and conMARCH. 1949 Then I made the first of my visits · to the troubled areas in Central Luzon. Here the dissident elements were terrorizing the population with kidnappings and depredations. They were preying for food and other necessities upon the poor people of Pampanga, 'B:ufacan Nueva Ecija and Tarfac, the very 'people whose irirerests they were pretending to protect, whose welfare they were professing to promote. That tour elicited the offer of cooperation from the leader of the dissident elements. It resulted eventually, with your concurrence, in the issuance of an Amnesty Proclamation. During the period of. the Amnesty, the people of Ce11tral Luzon, especially those seeking shelter in the poblaciones and those hiding .in the hills, found it safe once more to return to their homes and resume the cultivation of their farms. No less than six thousand one hundred hectares in the troubled areas that had Iain idle for four or five years · were planted to rice. Upon the expiration of the proclamation period, the misguided elements resumed their defiance of the government. They began agai·n to harass the people during harvest time. But the government, through an effective Constabulary campaign, has been able not only to break their organization, driving the remnants to the deep recesses of the Sierra Madre, but to · secure the biggest rice harvest since the outbreak of the war despite a drought and other natural calamities. (Continued on page 147) Page 145 O~PIC& OP Tiii PRl.$101.Wf OF TMlt PMIUPPIMl.I MAlACANAM PHILIPPINE HERALDRY COMMITTEE ACTUAL SIZE APPROVED av OF Page 146 ANO ACVtMG SltCCltETA THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW State ... The Amnesty also served to unmask the dissidents. It exposed their commu~istic inspiration and direction. It uncovered their real purpose fo overthrow the government, which they had cloaked by agifa:tion for so-called social agrarian reforms. Realizing this as they never had before, our law-abidi1•g citizens gav·e the government all their loyalty and support in the subsequelit policy it followed of going after the dissidents with all its strength and power to uphold the law. I am glad to report to you that the sporadic depredations of these outlaws in isolated areas of the country are but the last paroxysms of a dying movement. 'With the recent surrender of two hundred Moro outlaws in Jolo, the only ithreat of disorder in the traditional trouble area in the SuJu Archipelago during many regimes, has also disappeared. The government shall continue its vigilance against potential disruptive elements which impair the efficiency of our productive efforts. We will not to!erate further interference with rthe steady prosecution of our social and economic program. Social Amelioration My second immediate objective was to provide for relief to the people in the troubled areas. By executive order I created the Action Commi,ttee on Social \Amelioration. I charged it with the duty to go to the field and minister to the needy, the hungry, the homeless and the sick, to victims of dissident depredations and violence. I placed the four million pesos appropriated by Congress for peace and order and relief at the disposal of the Committee. The Action {jommittee has carried out a. program of social amelioration on a systematic and comprehensive scale. Some 700,000 needy peop.Je in thirteen provinces and chartered cities secured direct assistance in food, clothing, medicine and, in some cases, direct cash loans. These loans amounted to 1"1205,000 and were given to tenantfarmers in Tarlac, Nueva Ecija, Biulacan, Pampanga, IBataan, Rizal, Laguna and Quezon. In addition, the Committee distributed P333,000 worth of seeds, mainly palay, for distribution to farmers to augment the production of rice. Other food crops have likewise been planted. To provide employment to long unemployed people, the construction of public works projects in the t.roubled area was speeded up. In order to encourage the establishment of homes for the landless, the acquisition of big landed estates to be parcelled for resale to bona fide tenants at cost was also accelerated. Besides the :purchase of thirty-five haciendas comprising 161.3 million square meters valued at 13.3 million pesos, we are acquiring (Continued on page 150) D. D. MADRIAGA 421 Florentino Torres, . Sta. Cruz, Manila Exclusive Supplier of High Quality Leather Articles for Government RequisitionsMANUFACTURERS: Wallets, Kodak Cases, Belts, Holsters, Medical Bags, I Traveling Bags, Portfolios, Brief Cases and Saddles. Speccal prices for Government Orders, approved by the Purchasing Agent. 100 % Filipino Capital _ MARCH, 1949 Page 147 'j General Sales Supply Co., Inc. C-xcluu(J.e ~;,Wu/udo,,,d. DRAPER-MAYNARD SPORTS EQUIPMENT "THE LUCKY DOG KIND" ESTABLISHED 1840 DEALER ON: GARDEN AND SHOP TOOLS, SCHOOL DEVICES --0---Main Office: 2261 RIZAL A VENUE, MANILA Tel. No. 2-71-07 ·' Page 148 THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW GENERAL AUTHORITY OF MUNICIPAL AND DISTRICT COUNCILS TO LEVY TAXES SEJGUNDA ASAMBLEA N1ACIONAL Primer Periodo de Sesiones' P. L. No. 1072 [Ley No. 472 del Commonwealth] LEY QUE RE'VISA LA 'FACULTAD GENJ~;RAL DE LOS CONGE:JOS MUNICIPALES Y CONCEJOS DE DISTRITO MUNICIPAL PA R A CREAR IMPUESTOS, SUJETA A CIERTAS .LIMITACIONE8. La Asambled, Nacional de Filipinas decreta: . . Articufo 1. Un concejo municipal o concejo. de distrito municipal tendra fa~ cultad para crear impuestos de licencia municipal sobre las personas que se dediquen ~ a:lguna ocupaci6n o negocio, o al ejercicio de un pr.i , iqegio, en el munic'.pio o distrito mun'.clpal respecti vo, exigiendoles que obtengan licencias segun la escala fijada por el concejo municipal o concejo de distrito municipal, y para cobrar derechos y gabelas por servicios prestados por el mun iClipi~ o disitrito municipal, con autoridad asirnismo para imponer tributos justos y· uniformes, q_u• e no equivalgan al impuesto de! tanto por ciento o al i m p ~1es to sobre ar ticulos especificados, para fi nes publicos de la localidad y para los de escu·elas, incluyendo Jo que corresponde a sueldos de los maestros Aiit 2. Hasta que se fije una escala mas elevada de impue:ofos de licen0ia municipal, b. que corres·ponde a negocios de los que se enumeran a continuacion, figura frente a cada uno respectivamente, siendo anual el importe expresado a menos que conste lo contrario: (a) Comerciantes al por menor de tuba, basi y tapuy, cinco pesos; ( b) Duefios de gallera.s, doscientos pesos; y por cada soltada, veinticinco centavos-; (c) Duefios de teatros, museos, cinemat6grafos y salones de concierto, eien pesos; o por mes, diez pesos; MARCH, 1949 ( d) Duefios de circos que den reprec sentaciones en una o ma.s localidades o provincias, doscientos pesos; o por mes, veinte :pesos; ( e) Duefios de salas de billar, por cada mesa, diez pesos; (f) Duefios de casas de empefios, cuatrocienfos pesos. Art. 3. Estara fuera de! alcance de .,, la facultad de un concejo municipal o concejo de distrito municipal, el imponei: los siguientes tributos, gabelas y, derechos: (a) Impuesto de cedula; (b) Impuesto de sello documental; (c ) Impuestos sobre los negocios de personas dedicadas a la impresi6n y publicaci6n de algnn peri6dico diario o por entregas, revista, o boletin que salga a la publicidad a intervalos regulares, con precios fijos de subscripci6n y venta; y que no tenga por objeto principal la publicaci6n de anuncios ; (cl) Impuestos sobre personas que operen lineas o centrales de telefonos y telegrafos, estaciones de radiocomunicaci6n o diseminaci6n; o sobre las que s·e <lediquen al suministro de alumbrado, calefacci6n o fuerza motriz, o a la insc talaci6n de gas, alumbrado electrico, ealefaccion o fuetza motriz; ( e) Impuesto sob re los negocios de los contratistas de transporte y de pEirsonas dedicadas al transporle de pasajeros y flete, :por alqu;Jer, asi como sobre empresas de transporte por la via terrestre o fluvial; (f) Impuestos sobre los negocios de comerciantes al por mayor de licores y cspiritus fermentados; comerciantes de tabaco, tenderos al por mayor de espiritus fermentados, destilados o manu~ facturados; tenderos al por mayor de tabaco manufacturado, corredores de valores, de bienes raices y de comercio, destiladores de espiritus, cerveceros, i:efinadores de espiritus destilados; fabricantes de tabaco, de cigarros y ci( Continued on page 158) Page 14'1 State ... additional estates in Arayat and Sta. Ana, Pampanga, and in Jalajala, Rizal, for the same purpose. These proposed new acquisitions involve an area of about 49.3 million square meters valued approximately at i.2· million pesos. The social amelioration program has i>een extended to otlier portions of the archipelago as far as Mindanao and SuJ,u, and has become a major policy of the Administration. By the approval of Republic Act No. 304, we have solved the long standing demand among our thousands of gov.ernment employees for bacl)pay, under conditions which will do justice to the beneficiaries wi,thout unduly straining the finances of our government. By Acts Nos. 312 and 315, we have increased the minimum salaries of teachers, enlisted men and other small government employees. We'-have also elevE-ted the status of the nurses in the Army by the creation .under Act No. r················~··~·~·~1 • N. 0. Barrios Trading J ~ ~ ( General Merchandising ~ I OF.FICE SUPPLIES ~ PAPER SUPPLIES : ~ ENGINEERING SUPPLIES ~ i CRYSTAL SOUND DEVICES ~ : ~ : ~ ~ 403 Sta. Mesa Blvd. j ~ Manila, Philippines ~ . ~ t. ..•...•. .,.. ................................................... ~ Page 150 ~03 of the Nurses Corps in the Medica:l Service. · Republic Act No. 312 provides for the standardization of teachers' salaries on the basis of occupational assignments and educational qualifications. The 1948-1949 Appropriation Act had already been passed when this law was enacted. It will be my concern to make adeqr.iate p.rovision in our next budget iw order to carry out within our financial capacity the standardized rates provided for by this law. ~. We have further improved the l9t of temporary government employees and workers, including those in the cotporations owned or controlled by the government, regardless of status, by giving them fifteen days vacation ieave and fifteen days sick leave_, with full pay each year. This past year additional relief ac· crued to our people from a substaII• tial increase in employment. 'Wage8 increased by,o 'P'er cent, while the cost of living, based ·on the price index ot essential commodities, dropped 39 per cent, a most gratifying development. Verily, the rising level of earning and the decreasing cost of Ii ving are converging upon a point. of economic stability favorable to the great masses of our people. We have obtained from · the . United States Government provision for the hospitalization of our veterans. Our government has extended to our heroes of the war and the resis:tance such benefits as we have been able initially to afford. At our invitation, a mission of the United States Veterans Administration will arrive in Manila next month to look further into the possibility of improving the assistance that has been given to Filipino veterans. We have warded off epidemics. Large-scale immunization work has been accomplished. Medical care and facilities have been extended. Traveling clinics have been established. Hosoitals and puericulture centers have been rehabilitated. We are faking THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIE'li s·teps to introduce on a big scale in our country the latest advances in medical science, including new drugs and vaccines f.or the treatment or prevention of leprosy and tuberculosis. We have solved the heretofore recurrent school crises. Nine thousand additional classes were opened throughout the country. We have made possible the admission of every child of school age seeking e" ntrance to our public schools. F'or the firsrt time in the history of civil administration in this country there was no such thing as a school crisis this school year. To minimize the delay in :the adjudication of cases, we have expanded our judiciary by increasing the num;.:,er of judges. 'We 'now have a full complement of the Judiciary, which has been completely reorganized. under the Judiciary Act of 1948. Assessment of Human Resources We have taken a new census of the country. After a long and destructive war, it was necessary to assess our resources for recovery .and to plan for continued growth. The report shows our total population to be over 19 milJ.ion as of October· first, last. It indicates that. we have sufficient manpower to carry out our program of national development. The Administrl\tion is wt.taching particular ·importance to the adequacy of the coverage and the quality of the results produced by 1ha( census. 'Ye hope that it will give us a correct basis from which to draw a quantitative and quaJ.itative analysis of the manpower resources of o~ courutry. We mu\St provide alt the earliest practicable time facilities for efficient utiHzation of these resources. Ml e need a more diversified oceu.pational pattern, a reduction in the volume and duration of unemployment, an increase in the worker's share in a bigger national output. We must insure those social welfare oenefits so necessary to the attainment of full stature of a selfrespecting citizen- education, recreatfon, secudty against illness and the infirmities of old age. l\IARCH, 1949 Reconstruction During the last twelve months, we have rehabilitated 25,260 kilometers of roads, built 663 kilometers of new roads, constructed or rehabilitated 605 school houses, erected or rehabilitaited 381 public buildings, cons:tructed or repaired 2,241 temporary and six permanent bridges, built or rehabilitated irrigation systems, at a total cost of 68.8 minion pesos. This sum came from our general appropriations, from funds obtained from the RehabJlitaition ;Finance 'Corporation, and from 1the Philippine War Damage Commission. National Economy We have balanced our na'.1 ional budget. We shall again have at the end of the current fiscal year a sizeable surplus. But it is important that we continue with v• igor ou• r efforts to increase the revenue collections and to limit eirpenses to the most essential needs of the public service. 'We have greatly improved the economic and financial conditions of the country. Through the Rehabilitation Finance Corporation, loans amounting to 1'90,480,136 have been granted for reconstruction and rehabilitation :purposes. These loans have gone to farmers, tenants, industrialists, builders of homes and other elements as::;isting ·in the general economic uplift. We have set up the Cerntral Bank to expand our credit, stabilize our c:irrency and provide a new source of financing for the agricultural and industrial development of the nation. With the operation of the Central Bank, we expect to maintain our domestic monetary stability, the international value of the peso, the free convertibility of the peso into United States dollars and other freely convertible currencies, and the ,p.romotion of a rising level of production, employment and real income. The greatest service of the !B'ank to the growth and prosperity of the national economy will lie in its use ~ its prerogatives under the law to -..create that financial environment in which the growth of sound pro\ , Page 151 ductive enterprises and the creation of ~ diversified pattern of. production will be greatly encouraged. It is an obligation of the Bank to promote and increase the rate of savings and channel them into productive investment outlets. We have taken a long step forward in the financing of our industr.ial development. We have successfully concluded negotiations with the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development for a loan cover.ing our dol~ar needs in the construction of two of the four hydro-electric - water power projects intended to spark our industrializaUon program. A definite commitment by the Bank in the sum of fifteen million dollars has been made. Btrt that amount w.ill be adequate only for the Ambuklao and Lumot projects. Further negotiatiqns will be conduCted for the financing of the Itogon and the Maria Cristina p rojeots, particularly th!' latter. The inte'I1sification of t he agricuJtural and industrial development o'f. Mindanao occupies a top priority in our program. The commitment thus far made is not only a favorable sign ushering in finally the implementation of our plans of economic development, but a significantly successful test of the solvency of our foreign credit, f~it · $as accepted only after a thorou·gn·· exan'frnaii on of ·our resources and development plani by ' a board of economists of international ::iuthor.ity. 'We have effected export control to retain for our own use articles and materials in short supply here, and import control to conserve our dollar resources so necessary for the expansion of our own productive enterprises. If in the process greater participa~ ion by our own countrymen in the import trade is fostered, a greater ga,in will have been achieved. The ·import control order is not a finality. If. .it be found that supplies limited by 1he order will nof adequately meet legitimate and justifiable demal)d the satisfaction of which wiH serve the national interest, increased quotas will be Page 15~ authorized . . ,BJut the fondamental objective df conserVing the foreign ex• change resources so that they ma'y be available for economic development and of giving impetus to domestic production will loom large in the consideration of questions involving the relaxation of these controls. Our means and our remedies will be product.ive rather than speculative or merely restrictive. We have yet to expand our foreign markets and cultivate . and 'stabHize them with the continu.ous flow of. ex~ portable · products in ·improved and standardized forin'. : '' Our Prestige Abroad With special ·pride I call your attention to the . fact that today the Philippines has the friendship and respe<:it of all nations. Our internatiorial relations ·'"have become stronger. Although the United States continues to be the only count ry that maintains an (Continued on ~~ge 155) , ~·••••••••••••••••••••v••••••••i ~ ' . ! JARDIEL AND SONS i• ~ TRADING . CO., INC. ~ • GENERAL MERCHANTS • ~· ~ t • -~ ~ ' ~ • • • • ~ Main Office : ~ : j ; 1130 Quezon Boulevard ~ ~ Manila ~ • • ~ . ~ t ~ . ~ • Branch: • • • : 63 E. Gmmco Street ~ : Iloilo City ~ t • . ~ • • ~ ............................................................................................................................. i THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW "OUR LOCAL OFFICIALS" HON. JACINTO C. BQRJA Provincial Governor of Bohol -ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS IN PHILIPPINE CIVICS 1. obligations 2. citizenship 3. willingly 4. promptly 5. Constitution 6. patriotism 7. ·national anthem 8. Quarantine 9. smallpox 10. Red Cross 11. municipal police 12. Philippine Constabulary 13. fire department 14. justice 15. six 16. two hundred 17. poor 18. rich 19. homestead 20. dynamite 21. save 22. "Strike" 23. mail service 24. telegraph 25. telephone. MARCH, 1949 Personal Circ?qr?s_tances: -Bo_ :i;n. on October 31, 190?, in Tagbilaran, Bohol; married to Natividad Lopez; three children. ' Ed1tcCLtional Attainments: IA.A-Silliman University; Ll.B.-University of the Philippines; Ll.M.-University of Columbia, New York City; D.C.L.-University of Sto. Tomas. Profession: Lawyer (not in active practice) . Experiences mid Activities : l\fember of the undefea:ted U.P. debating team which toured the U.S. in 1930; Toured Europe and observed in the Universities of Oxford, Heidelberg, and Sor borne at !Paris; Taken in by President Quezon to serve in the Division of F'oreign Relations, Malacafian; Special Attache to the Resident-Commissioner of the Philippines to the United States; Admibted by the Supreme Court of the United States to practice law in that country;' Chief of the European Affairs Division, . J;)epartment of Foreign Affairs, upon its creation. Hobbies : Reading, raising fruit trees, and tennis·. Motto: Life is too short to be little. (Contimied on p~ge 159) NATURE AND POSSIBILITIES OF ECONOMY IN GOV1E:RNMENT There are three types . of economy !n government. The first consists in the curtailment of government expenditures to the lowest pos1 sible figure which seems feasible at a given time and under given circumstances. This is a negative type of economy, perhaps more properly called parsimony. The second type consists of wise and intelligent selection of the purposes of public outlays and of public as compared with alternative private outlays which may fuecome impossible if the government conscripts private funds through taxation. This is the balancing process * * *. Finally there is the type of. economy which consists of iretting the most output from the lea:sit imput.-Harold M. Groves on Financing Government, p. 51'9 [1939]. Page 153 PRONUNCIAMENTOSMANUEL L. QUEZON-Always try to be the best treasurer. Don't be satisfied with being rated as second-class treasurer, regardless of -the class or the category of the province where you are; be a first class' treasurer for a first class treasurer can fit in, in any situation. * * GREGORIO StANCIANCO Y GOSON-A sound finance is the basis of the institutions · of any country; and because by it they are a~so molded, it follows that these institutions are defective in proportion .as the financial system is deficient. * * * Quezon's . . . un s ae/eat if my own Philippines· were not going to be free. "From nlJ)J sickbed I ani urging my people constantly to go on fighting-and they are doing it-because they and I expect that OU?" counvry will be independent now, ?"egardless of any future inte1'1iaiional agreements to provide for collective security. Let no one have the impression ihat I am not deeply concemed about the future S'ecurity of the Philippines, The Tydings-Bell joint resolution takes into conside'ration this question as well a~ all other postwar economic, social and political problems which will conjrcnt the United States also, by virtue of her relations wUh the Philippines. I refer you to sections thrne, fou1· and five of the joint ,·esolution, But the all-important point is that we fought and are still fighting fM right and liberty, ?"egardless of consequ.ences. Right and liberty are mere precious than life. "Mr. Lippmann's political philosophy seems RA!FAIEL PALMA-We should bring to justify a national policy of siding il'ith tho about a reasonable balance between most pcwei·fu/ nal'ion. This theory, if followed our high standard of living and of to its logical conclusion, would make of every governmental service, and our means Quisling a statesman."-Letter of President of production in order to meet fu.Jly Quezon dated Sept. 29, 1943, at Washington, the economic needs of the nation. D.C., to the New York HeraUl-1'ribune. f ............. .....,......... ......................... ~ ............................................................................ ~ : . ~ • 4 • 4 : ~ ~ Compliments of ~ : ~ ~ ~ ~ CAMARINES SUR CHINESE CHAMBER i • 4 • 4 ~ OF COMMERCE 1 • 4 • 4 • 4 • 4 • 4 • 4 • 4 : ~ : City of Naga Philippines ~ : ~ • 4 • 4 • 4 • 4 ~ .................................................................. ~ ~···················~ Page 154 . THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW State ... embassy here, eight other countries now have legations, and twenty-four nations in all have set up ei·ght consulates general, fourteen consulates and four consular agencies. For our part, we have diplomatic establishments in eight nations and consular representatives in seventeen cities. We have recently established PhiHppine legations in London, Rome,- Madriod, Nankiing, !Buenos Aires and a special mis;,ion in Tokyo. Our participations in international conferences, especially in the United Nations and its various agencies, and in 'interparliamentary unions and scientific and cultural conventions, have been conspicuous• with constructive contributions to world understanding and peace. The bi-partisan policy in foreign affairs which we adopted at the beginning of our international life as a Republic has resulted in effective representation abroad and virtually unanimous support at home. Our delegates have been honored with appointments to positions of leadership in many jnternational conferences in which we have participated. The nations have shown an increasing res:pect for the integrit. y and wisdom of our counsel. Our special relationship with the United States has been productiv·e of goodwill invaluable to our growth as a young nation. We have shared in the rejoicing of the people of the United States in the re-election of President Truman and in the return o:t' a Congress sympathetic to his liberal program. It was President Truman who proclaimed the independence of the Philippines barely two years ago. His continuance as the head of · that great nation insures an abiding American concern over the future of our young Republic. With the entire East threatened by the onrushing tide ·Of Communism, the Phiaippines, the most strategic crossroads linking the West and the East, remains the one safe, at. tractive home for free men in our part of the world, MARCH, 1949 a haven for the masS"es of humanity fleeing from that · flood. Morale in the Public Service I have reorganized rthe Cabinet. New members with proven ability, experience and integrity have been appointed. I have elevated the lady Commissioner of Social Welfare to Cabinet rank, giving :to that :position· the importance commensurate with the ·new tasks assigned to it of. carrying out the policy of the government on social ame'lioration. I have advan:ced in both the judicial and the executive departments, men of high standard of efficiency, thus giving encouragement to those in the lower ranks who have shown merit and loyalty fo the service. I have opened opportunities for younger men to prepare themselves for high responsibilities in the public service. I am determined to pursue a line of action that will insure to our people honest and efficient service and will provide full enjoyment of the liberty and 'equal opportunity that we have uear.Jy fought for and won, in peace and in war, at home and abroad. We have laid the foundations of a .~table, efficient, honored and dignified government. And we have brought it nearer to our people. We have been taking every opportunity to talk directly to them in their cities and towns, to observe their manner of living, to hear them diSCUS·S their needs, express their criticisms, thei~ hopes, . their aspirations. We have strengthened further their confidence in ou-r sincerity and integ!·ity. We have demonstrated our willingness to invite and face public scrutiny. 'We have eliminated whatever evils have been uncovered. We have proved the primacy of public interest over party, · grou'p or personal claims. More than as the supreme head of the Liberal Party, in accordance with whose rules I am "the authorized :ipokesman of its decisions and policies", as President of the Republic I declare this to be the unequdvocal policy and determination of the Administration. Page 155 I cannot believe that God will not allow us to maintain this 'kind of government. We must consecrate our lives and all our efforts to its attainment and dare while we pray, and pray while we dare. Tasks Ahead Let me turn now to the immediate tasks before us. Production and Social Amelioration The most important and urgent aim of this administration at this stage is incr· eased production and social amellioration. We cannot indefinitely ride on the foam of foreign charity and friendship. We must produce our own immediate necessities and raise, by the sweat of ou'r brow, the lot of the men who toil on the farms and in the factories. We shall, where necessary, ·effect changes in the national economy to achieve this end. Our responsibility is no less u11gent to those di.splaced and rendered homelessi by public calamities. Social security measures are under ,preparation by the :ilocial' Security Study Commission which I created for the purpose. The complexity and farreaching consequences to our soC:iat .life of such measures call for the closest study of their provisions. I urge y.ou to approve adequate legislation providing for more health and housing facilities- to banish ou'r urban slums, to eliminate those fire hazards that are a daily menace to life and health, especially among the poorer sections of our towns and cities. We need more practical measures to impll.iment our objective of giving ou.r citizenry the maximum benefits to be derived from the development of our agricultural• and industrial potentialities. This is the age of. the common man. This government has long stopped :P_reaching. It now goes out to the field with an Action Committee and with a sizeable fund for its use in order to improve the lot of the common man. The activities of the Committee are only in their initial stage. We want to follow up the program of social amelioration with greater intensity and Page 156 give the masses a Straight Deal. This is my all-absorbing and consuming passion. We have to insure a standa-rd of living in the farms, in the fac-:;ories, in the homes that will be more in keeping and commensurate with our progress and advancement. Veterans and Guerrillas The pensions to war widows,' or.phans and disabled veterans must continue with adequate funds therefor. The nation owes an eternal debt of gratitude to them. Their sacrifices shall not be in vain. I beseech the Congress to give ·the· matter immediate consideration. Emergency Currency and Guerrilla Notes The redemption of emergency currency and guerrilla notes is a qegal and moral obligation of this Government. Our people are not concerned whether the funds for the purpose come from our Government or from the United States. The amount of 30 million pesos earmarked for the purpose and an additional ten million pesos made available by our government are insufficient to cover at par the full amount of 1'112,951,907 found by the Eimergency Cwrrency Board as having been duly issued. It is necessary that we evolve a redemption scheme, an equitaMe solution. But a qUJick zolution is i_ mperative. Labor There has been a notable readiness on the part of our laboring claSIS to cooperate .in the constructive activities of the country. The minimum wage for our laborers must be standardized and stabilized. I have urged the Labor-Management Commission, in which capital and labor are equally represented; to submit a schedule of wages applicable in the d.ifferent industries and· loca!i:ties. The Labor-Management Commission is now studying the problem of wage ~tandards in different - regions. We must forestall! wasteful periodic demands for revision of wages and the consequent uneconomic stoppages in THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW our machinery of production. We need regulative rather 'than prohibitive measures against strikes. Both labor and capital must cooperate to achieve this ,end. The salaries of employees .in the Jower brackets must also be improved. Private enterprises are offering bet~er opportunities, and the Government is be.ginning to lose its most experienced personnel in the cO'!npetition. Public Health The outlook for tuberculosis' contrc.J in our country by the use of the vaccine called "Baei'llus Calmette Guerin" (BCG) is giving ws high hopes; it is opening a new horizon to the work ;:if reducing tuberculosis incidence to the mm1mum. Our · au,Uiorities are keeping abreast of .latest developments m medical research in other countries. We are a member of the World Health Organization through which the most recent medical discoveries and techniques are being made available to our people. While we ·should be discriminating in the adoption or application of remedies recently ·discovered, we :>hou'1d not lose time to utilize them to relieve our people once their efficacy is proven. In the construction of roads I recommend that we .provide sufficient fonds to facilitate the buildin:g of cement or asphalt roads not only for reas• ons of economy but for the health of our people. Our <lusty roads are the causes of so many ailmern'.s afflicting them, especially tuberculosis. In view of the lack of physicians in many of our communities, I recommend the immedate study and approval of legislation providing for pre•paid medical service to our population which cannot afford medical assistance, especially those in remote rural communities. Education Our edu.cational policy must be reviewed and revised for closer coordi<Jation with the objectives of our pro_ posed development program, without ;iacrificing the traditional aim of providing a liberal culture basic to the MARCH, 1949 good life. I hope that the Joint Educational! Commit.tee of the Congress engaged in this study will be able to evolve a revision of the school system more adaptable to and in keeping with our national requiirements. Economic Dev·elopment I urge total economic mobilization. Our economic structure should be built from below, making the foundation firm and accessible to the general population so that everyone can contribute to and share in the benefits of our materia~ progress. 1 \il/ e must increase on the one hand our receipts from exports of ii;nproving quality, and decrease on the other the amounts of our import bills. The display and sale or Philippine-made 1rnods must be .given emphasis to. bal; nce the entrenched position of imported articles.. We must not only proc duce more, but must educate o.ur people to consume more home ·products. National protectionism in this regard is a legit,imate ambition of ~Nery selfrespecting independent nation. The achievement of the first objective of increased production for export i"equires 'improvement of the cost con~ <litions of our e~isting export industries, the develo.pment of new export product,s, the creation and cultivation of new markets for our export trade. \Ye have heretofore overlooked or negijected our immediate neighbors in crienting our economic ·ties abroad. Our search for new markets and the intensification of our promotional acUvrnes should consider the hitherto closed areas of Latin America, Europe and . t.he Near East. To achiev·e the second objedive, we must give priority to the development of economic IJ.roiects which can be brought up, to the producin;g point within a relatively short time and will enable us to reduce the amount of dollars spent on impor.bs. Now is ou.r opportunity to initiate the adiustment of our economy to maintain a stable, high level of employment without unduly exposing our (Continued on page 160) Page 157 General Authority . .. garrillos; y reempacadores de vinos o espiritus desti'lados; (g) Im1rnestos sobre agentes de adua!1as e· inmigraci6n, abogados, medicoscirujanos, agrimensoies, arqu. itectos, contadores publicos e ingenieros· civiles, electricos, mecanicos o de minas, cirujanos-den tistas, 6pticos, fot6grafos, grabadores, aforadores profesionales o peritos en materia ·de tabaco y otros productos locales o extranjeros, quimicos, enfermeros registrados, agentes y sub-agentes de seguros, veterinarios, farmaceu ti cos y · comadronas ; ( h) Impuestos especificos sob re cosas fabricadas o producidas en Filipinas, o importadas de los Estados Unidos o de ·paises extranjeros; ' (i) Impuestos de cualquier genero sobre los bancos, compafiias de seguros y personas que paguen impuesto de franquicia; ('j) Impuestos sobre productos foresta·les; (k) Impuestos sobre minas y concesiones mineras; (l) Impuestos sobre '.testamentarias', herencias, donaciones, legados y otras adquisiciones mortis causa; ( m) Impuestos sobre rentas de cual<;uier genero que fueren; (n) Derechos por experimentos, sellos y licencias de pesas y medidas; ( o) Impuestos sob re los ~omerciantes y tenedores individuales de armas de fuego, dinamita, p6lvora, detonadores, es'Poletas u otros altos explosi vos y sus componentes; y derechos por la expedici6n de permisos de caza; (p) Impuesfos sobre las primas pagadas 'POr los propietarios de fincas que obtengan un seguro directamente de a'lguna compafiia extranjera de seguros; (q) Impuestos o derechos por coger moluscos marinos o la concha de los mismos, y derechos por la expedici6n r .............................................. l ~ CHITSE'S DRESS SHOPPE t MRS. MARIA Y. GEROSO-Prop. ~ ~ 1227 Sobrieded Ext. Sampaloc, Manila l ~ ............................................. ~ Page 158 de licencias de barcas pescadoras de per las y btizos de , per las; (r) Impuestos o derechos por el privileg.io de pescar, coleccionar o recoger esponjas de! fondo de! mar o de los arrecifes, y por la exploraci6n de esponj·as en cualquiera de 'las aguas de Filipinas; (s) Impuestos o derechos por el registro de vehiculos de motor y por la expedici6n de toda clase de licencias o permisos· para guiarlos; (t) Derechos de aduanas, de registro, de muellaje, <le tonelaje y toda otrn clase de tributos, impuestos y gabelas de adu:anas. A'r't. 4. Se ha de obtener la a'Prob~ ci6n de! Secretario de Hacienda: (1) Siempre que la esca:la de impuestos de licencia municipal, fijada o esitablecida por las ordenanzas de un concejo municipal o concejo de distrito municipal por virtud de las disposiciones de esta Ley, excediere <le los tipos fijos de impuestos de privilegio de rent.as internas, regularmente establecidcs por el Gobierno Naclonal sobre analogos negocios u ocupaciones, excepto sobre hoteles, restaurants, cafes, safones de refrescos, hip6dromos y comerciantes al ror menor de vinos, licores y espiritus fermen.tados, o cuando se trate de 'impuestos o derechos sobre cocheras de alquiler y otras cocheras, lugares o esfablecimientos en que existan vehiculos pC1blicos U; otros medios de transporte para alquiler; · (2) Siempre que la escala de impuestos fijos de licencia municipal sobre negocios no exceptuados en esta Ley o de otro modo incluidos en el p{1rrafo v_nterior y sujetos al impuesto fijo anual establecido en el articulo cienfo nchenta y dos de la Ley de Rentas Internas Nacional, excedicre de r.;ncuenta pesos al afi<i_ ; y (3) Biempre que el impueRto de li'3encia munici-pal sobre algun negocio, ocupaci6n o privilegio, cuya escala no este limitada en fos dos parrafos anteriores, se aumentare en mas dei cincuenta por ciento. Excepto si ha expirado el plazo para la renovaci6n de sus licencias, no se ha THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW Our local. .. General Authority . . . · de exigir el qu. e tomen una licencia en algun otro municipio o distrito municipal por el que estuvieren de paso para realizar sus negocios, a los buhoneros, tenderos o revendedores de baratijas, afinadores y reparadores' de pianos que no ejerzan su ocupaci6n en sus propios talleres o estab'lecimientos, as! como a los dueiios de circos, que hayan obtenido licencia a los tipos establec.idos por las ordenanzas de un municipio o distrito municipal. Art. 5. Se derogan las Leyes Numeros Tres mil cuatrocientos veintid6s, Tres mil setecientos. Tres mi.I setecienios noventa, Tres mil ochocientos treinra y .tres y Cuatro mil diecinueve. A rt. 6. E sta Ley entrara en vigor en cuanto sea aprobada. Aprobada, 16 de junio de 1939. 0 Note: The English t ext of th;, above Act is published on page 94, Vol. 1, No. 2 of this ma.aaZine. The rules and regulations governing the enforcement of this law will be published ·in the next issue, No. 4. MARCH, 1949 MtA.NUEL YIA Provincial Treasurer of Pampanga Personal Circuins.tances: 'Born in Biiian, Laguna, on June 17, 1884; married to Rosario Averilla of IPagsanjan, Laguna; and their children are Vicente, a doctor of medicine and Luz, a Ph.S. graduate. Educational attainment: Commerce and Busine.ss Administration. Profession : Accountant (not in active practice). Experience and Activities :-Clerk, Bureau of Constahulary; Bookkeeper, Provincial Treasury of Laguna; Assist&nt Provincial Treasu.rer of Cotabato; Provincial Treasurer of Cotabato, 'Bukidnon, Lanao, SuJu, and Al bay; Acting \Provincial Governor of Cotabato and Lanao. Hobbies : Cattle and poultry raising. Motto: Do one good thing every day. (Continued on page 184.) Page 159 State ... program to the dangers of unpredictnble violent f.lucfo! atiorns of demand for basic export crops in the foreign markets. I shall urge the members of the National Economic Council to give priority consideration to the government's short term dev·elopment program. It should serve as the coordipating authority to knit together into a harmonious whole, bank credil po!lcy, government credit and fiscal policy, and developmental investment pdlicy. The Council will be clothed with authority to approve and schedule projects, to alloca;te on a fair basis the funds or credit which the Central Bank may fr:om ·Ume to time , mobilize to the loan portfo'!ios of government lending agencies, to keep them within the approved :pattern of alloca~fon of a·vailable capital and the .!imitations established by ~aw. We will draw upon OUT full credit capacity, backed by the guaranty of the National Government, to secure funds for this program. Government Enterprises There is need for coordination of the policies and operation of our government corporations to increase their usefulness to the national economY. It may be necessary to re-examine their structure and organization, their policies and their objectioves, the scope and nature of their activities, and fo gear all these to new goals set by a coherent development program. I recommend seriou•s consideration of the adr ......... ']ompz.iments of ............................................. . j • : ~ Datu AMBULO MARUHOM ~ ~ Member, ~ ! P""'""'' Bmd of L'"'·" : ...................................... ~ .... ~ Page 160 vfaability of creating a national central body or department that can more effect.i·v·ely direct, supervise and control t~e opera!iorns of. government corporatrnns. The coordination and consolidation of these corporations under one directing auithority will place under unified direction a.ssets worth over one billion pesos and corporate net worth valued at cNer 300 million pesos. In our economic mobilization, we should give priori:t.y to our already established major industries. The abaca industry needs replanting and expansion. The tobacco industry must be revi·v·ed and its forei,gn markets reopened. The industrial proces1 ses developed for the coconut industry must be fu1 lly exploited. The prewar sugar indu1 stry must be restored and markets for excess product.ion over domestic demand and the United States import quota limitations muist be found. I created the Sugar Rehabflitation and Readjustment Commission to advise the government on the proper measiu.res fo be adopted to revitalize and stabilize the sugar ind·1strY. In due time I will submit measures to realize these objectives. It is necessary that we cast our eyes ~nd exhaust our resourcefulness to secure the fuller utilization of o:ir other n~tural resou:rces and possibili:t.ies. 'W.e must speed up the digging of our mmes, hasten the ex~oit.atiorr of ou:r water power, and stimulate the search for new uses of our •varied ag-ricultural products. heretofore not efficiently or commercially utilized. Agricultural and lndiistrial Development The main problem of the country today is still to find ways and means of increasiog production not only of palay and corn which constitute the basic cerea'l foods of the Filipino people, bi:rt also of other food crops, as well as meat, milk and other livestock produo'..s, fish and other foodstuffs . More as a temporary solution of the worst rice crisis since liberation, I created the Rice Emel"gency ·Bloard THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW which contrdls the procurement and distribution of locally-produced rice now and for the next two years. I fixed the price of this commodity for t.he two-Year period on an attractive basis for the direct benefit of the producers in order to encourage the production and steady supply of the cereal. Let us conduct a campaign for increased production, at least one more ca:van of rice or corn per hectare of ·the thousands we are now cultivarting. The. 'Plans are advanced for the setting up of a fe~·tilizer plant to encourage larger agricuttural production. I recommend that more appropriations be set aside for the construction of new irrigation sys:tems and the repair of those already in existence. In the face of a persistent world shortage of rice production, the Philippines cannot and should not be content to remain a rice importing nation. We are adopting measure& to increa:se domes:t.ic production as rapidly as possible and help, incidentally, to conserve our foreign exchange resources. Indep€ndently of other recommendations of the Rice Emergency <:;ommission, I have instructed the National Development Company to develop ·two 10,000hectare areas for rice and peanut production: one in Cotabato and the other in Mindoro. Work in Cotabab is under way. Sixteen hundred hectares are now under cultivation. In fact we have a handsome initial harvest of 130,000 pesos worth of peanuts this season. This is but the beginning of the developmernt work in .'lgriculture planned in Mindanao. Similar preparatory work is heing done in Mindoro. This program will be carried out in all parts of the coUintry where large tracts of public land may be available for rice production until this unwholesome dependence upon outside supplies r shal! have been sdl'Ved. It will insure abundance and conserve the 60 million pesos we remit a.broad annually for our rice importation. MARCH, 1949 We must .turn our concentrated attention to the development ·of Mindanao. Something must be done without Joss of time to convert that va:st region into a real empire of wealth. I recommend a general program of road construdicin fo encourage production and communication. The establishment of the planned hydro-electric and fertilizer plant in Maria Cristina Falls will give the proper agricultural and industrial .incentives. Locust pest is hampering the agricultural development of Northern Mindanao and even as far as Bohol and Cebu. I also recommend that sufficient appropriation be set aside to eradicate this winged enemy to our increased production. 'We are having difficulties ·in the proper storage of rice, tobacco, copra and sugar. The construction of private or bonded warehouses for these products shou~d be facilitated and encourraged. F~shi.ng is one of the most promising and flourishing indwsrtr.ies of the country. But we are destroying this rich resource by the wanton use of dynamite in our sea and river fishing. This must be stopped. Let us put more teeth to the Jaw on fishing. Act No. 2!:132 on the exploitation of our oil deposi:ts is now regarded as obsolete. We should give more facilities for the exploration and exploitation of our oil deposits. This is a promising industry. The world demand for oil is unlimited. I have sent abroad a special mission to study not only oil legislation but also methods and procedure of exploitation. I ho·pe that our representatives will be helpful in the revision of our legi>slation on the subject. R etail Trade 'We are still a long way from our goal of. wrestling control of our retail trade. No government in the world· can merelly legislate any people or any na~ ion into business superiority and prosPage 161 perity. But both our government and our people can cooperate to attain this natural and legitimate aim: the government, by providing a coordinate scheme of incentives to tide new enterprises over initial difficulties; and the people, by adopting a more courageous outlook and usfog opportunities and privileges with religious attention to attendant obligations. We shall continue the organization of PRATRA branches and agencies and of the consumers cooperaJtive associations, as procurement and distrifiuting agencies for their members, and encouirage the organization of provincial trading corporations to minimize profiteering. Public Finance We have progressed in our revenue collections bu.t we are stilll far from our ultimate goals. Those goals will hiwe been reached when our financial position will have ·so improved as to enable us to provide adequately for all public services. V\Te should have more effective 'legislation to encourage honest tax-paying and curtail tax evasion. The national revenues can be increased not only by raising the taxes not restrictive to new industrial enterprises but also by properly preventing tax evasion. National Security We are doing al.I in owr power to train and organize our manpower resources for the national defense. But trained and courageous soldiers are not all that make an army. We must provide these men with the necessary equjment and supplies within the financiaq capaci:ty of the government. We need to expand our mili tary training. What we have been able to provide thus far is not adequate to produce a citizen army that can oe mobilized on short notice and strong enough for national defense. It would be more productive of better results and more economical to encourage P'lilitary training throughout our schools, colleges and universities rather than maintain a big standing anmY. l"age 162 Foreign Relations We will continue to adhere to the United Nations and we reaffirm our faith in its capacity to adjust international conflicts for the permanent peace of the world. In the light of political developments in Southeast Asia, and the turbulent conditions in our immediate ·vicinity, the Phili:ppines s h o u 1 d further strengthen its position. Its leadership must be for constructi've freedom . and ueace and must insure the promotion ~nd pr0tection of the interests it shares in common with these states as well as its own. '\Ve should adopt, for the securiity '.-Ind stability of the Philippines, strictr.r safeguards against the entry or infiltration of subversive elements. Our home policy for peace and order must oe strong. There must be national c!isdpljne. The government must be respe0ted, its laws obeyed. '\Ve cannot expect outsiders to respect our government if we do not respect it ourselves. \Ye now enjoy that respect at home and abroad. Facing the Future Looking thus at the record since the establishment of our Republic and forward beyond the horizons of our charted course, I am deeply encouraged. We can face the future confident in our rnpacity to bring abundance, security and peace to our people, 'through the tested cons.titutional processes of freedom and democracy which constitute our enduring allegiance and .loyal1 ty. In spite of tremendous odds, our progress and the continually growing respec-t and friendship of other nations confirm our :potentialities and ac<.ive growth in stature. They sustain our br-oadening role in world affairs, particularly those ~.ffecting the Eastern world, definitely directing u<S towards a strategic position of. creative influence. 'Vve need continually to so build and discipline ourselves that we may attain and deserve the privilege of its ministry. Ou·r opportwnity to this end (Continued on page 164) THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW Decision of the Civil Service Board of AppealsNORM OF CONDUCT EXPECTED OF PUBLIC SERVANTS At.this juncture this Board feels warranted in making a general discussion of the causes for which a government employee may be removed from office. We conceive that the time is ripe thus to clear up certain misapprehensions en the subject and to place these basic considerations in 'their proper light. Under the provisions of the Civil Service Law (Sec. 695 of the .Adminis:rative Code as · amended by Commonwealth Acts No. 177 and 598) the Commissioner of Civil Service may for neglect of duty or violation of reasonable office regulations or in the interest of the public service remove any subordinate officer or employee from the service, suspending him without pay for not more than two months, reduce his salary or compensation or deduct therefrom any sum not exceeding one month's pay. , Rule XII, par. 6, of the Civil Service Rules prQvides tha't such officer or employee may be removed from the service for "notoriously disgraceful or immoral conduct." It is apparent from the foregoing provisions of law that the primary object of the st.atu'te i.s to protect 1he public service, and to secure the faithful and efficient performance of official functions. (Case No. 6 against Jose LansangCuengco, decision promulgated March 12, 1'941.) In order that .the Govern:nent may command the respe0t of the people, public morality and the orderly administration of government demand that its officials and employees observe that norm of conduct in their official J.s well as in their private lives, which will not impair the digni>t.y of their office or expose the government service to public censure or ridicule. Because of the moral influence which pub:ic officers and employees have upon the community iby virtue of the position they hold in the government, it is necessary that they should be first to show an exemplary conduct not only hy words but also by deeds, so that by such comportment they shall gain the MARCH, 1949 respect and esteem of the people. No definite norm of conduct or criterion for all public servants can how0ver be established as that wil.I depend upon the character and nature of the position occupied. Thus for officials or employees who, due to the nature of their duties, are in frequent con• tact with the public or occupy positions which directly influence the moral'ity of the community, a high standard of decency, respectaibility and integrity 1s required of them. The school teacher, for example, in view of his relation to the you·th t:::der his care and tutelage is looked upon in the community with esteem and as a model of good ::-1oral reputation and honesty, both in his official and private lives and for this reason, for slight impropriety even in his private transactions, his usefulness as teacher in the communi>t.y may come to an end. Accordingly, in the recent case against Fortunato Jatico, temporary school teacher in Santander, Cebu, this Board held that for immorality and disreputable conduct committed even prior to his entering the service as teacher, he should be dropped from the teaching force in the interest of public service with preju11ice to future reinstatement as ·a school teacher as the proper · punishment (Case No. 5, decision promulgated March 12, 1941). Coming to the case of a peace officer, it is his duty to maintain peace and order, to see to it that the laws are obeyed, and that the rights of others are respected and protected. In the community where he lives, he perBonifies pe,ace, order, fairness, and justice. In the interest of public service, therefore, ·peace officers should, in official as well as in private lives, be above reproach. The herein respondent peace officer has, iby his conduct, described above, offended social orderliness and decency and has given cac1se for the commu,nity to question h's honor and integrity. Considering Page 163 Norm of Conduct . .. the fact that he is earning only seventy-five pesos ('P75) a month as detective-inspector with his wife and five ~hildren to support, it is impossible to believe that he could also afford to maintain a paramour within his lawful income. The conclusion is· therefore inescapable that the maintenance of the illicit relation between the respondent and complainant offers a great temptation for the former to obtain money from other sources and that most likely he. would make use of his office and authority to muld a few pesos to suppor-t his paramour. It )s therefore believed that his continuation in the Manila Police Department is detrimental to the public service. Taking into consideration, however, the misery and suffering that will ensue from his dismissal on the par·t of his innocent family and the twelve years' efficient and continuous, service that the respondent has rendered to the Government it is the sense of the Board that the penalty. of removal in this case is rather severe. In the light of a!J the foregoing considerations, it is the opinion of the ·Board and' it is so decided that the respondent ,should 1 be considered as having been required to resign from the service effective upon his last day of service with prejudice to reinstatement in the Manila Police Department. (Case No. 34, March 26, 1931, Civil Service Board of Appeals.) , - - 0 - - INCOME CONTRASTED WITH CAPITAL AND OUTLIAY Income as contrasted with capital or property is to be the test. The essential difference between capital and in- . come is tliai capital is a fund; income is a flow. Capital i& wealth, whHe income is the service of wealth. "The fact is that property i's a tree, income is the fruit; labor is a tree, income the ·fruit; capital is a tree, income the fruit; (Waring v. City of Savannah [1878] , 60 Ga., 93.) .-Madrigal and Paterno v. Rafferty and Concepcion, 38 Phil. 414. Page 164 · State . .. is to muster and organize a!J our resources, preserve our credit and prestige abroad, and guard against their dirni:pation at home. I ca!J on every man, woman and child of this nation to share in the privilege of the great tasks before us. I apppeal for the utmost courage, wisdom, vision and dedication in taking up the challenge of. our common objectives. · When . I assumed office, my only pledge was what I recited in my oath. I meant every word of it. My policy has been simple. I have ha:d only two main immediate objectives: the re£toration of peace and order, and the strengthening of the morale of. the people and their faith and confidence in the government. I pledge to you, gentlemen of 'the Congre~ s. my full cooperation in the greater tasks ahead, convinced that with Divine Guidance we wiN attain the goals we have set for ourselves to promote and safeguard-the welfare of our cou, ntry and our contribution to the peace and happiness of the world. --0- - r ............................................................................. ~ t ~~~ ;;;;~ 01 APARTMENTS li ~ "A decent lod.ging place for discriminating guests." ~ . ~ Honest & Friendly Service is Our Policy j ~ Vicente S. Rodriguez, Jr. . ~ Manager & Proprietor • ~ Elias Angeles Sh N aga City : l ................... ~ ............................................ ~ r ......................................................................... 1 ~ COZY CORNER LUNCH ~ ~ : ~ Legaspi City ~ t ................................................... J THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW Supreme Court DecisionLEGALITY OF MUNICIPAL PROCEEDINGS POWER OF PROVINCIAL BOARD OVER MUNICIPAL ORDINANCE The Municipal Council of Sari Pedro, Laguna, petitioner, vs. The Provincial Board of Laguna, respondent, G. R. No. 47047, June 22, 1940, A,vancefia, C. J. POLITICAL LAW; ADMINISTRAr TIVE C 0 D E ; PROVINCIAL B 0 A R D , REVOCI ATION OF 1VI U N I C I PAL ORDINANCE PREVIOUSLY APPROVED 'B:Y. - There is nothing which prevents a Provincial !Board, which had previously approved a municipal ordinance, from ' reconsidering later its actuation and revoking said ordinance, promulgating a contrary one, if it deems it necessary. Article 2233 of the Administrative Code does not establish any limitation on this power of the Provincial Board. D 'EiCISION El 4 de noviembre de 1935, el ConC'E:jo Municipal de San Pedro, Laguna, aprobo la Ordinanza No. 10, serie d2 1935, regulando el uso y aprovechamiento de las aguas en cierta zona deniro de! municipio. El 6 de! mismo mes, Ja Junta Provincial, en su reso}ucion No. 1631, serie de 1935, de focha 6 de. noviembre de 1935, aprob6 dicha ordenanza. Sin embarg·o, el 21 Jel mismo mes de noviembre, la Junta 'Provincial endos6 el caso al fiscal provincial pidiendo la opinion de este ~obre si debia declararse nula aquella ordenanza. El fiscal provincial opino en sentido afirmativo en vista de que las aguas, objeto de la ordenanza, estan dentro de una propiedad privada, o sea, de la Hacienda Tunasan, y que por esta razon el Concejo M'Unicipal tle San Pedro no tenia jurisdiccion para dictar dicha ordenanza. En vista de esta 'opinion de! fiscal provincial, la Junta Provincial de Laguna, el 15 de c~brill de 1936, mediante otra resolucion aprobada en esta fecha, reconsidero y dejo sin efecto la anterior de fecha 6 MARCH, 1949 de noviembre de ' 1935 y declaro nula la ordenanza No. 10 del Concejo Municipal de San Pedro. El Concejo Municipal de San Pedro presenta este recurso de mandamus contra la Junta Provincial de Laguna y pide que ella sea obligad'a a aprobar otra resolucion revocando la del 15 de abril de 1936 y manteniendo la de 6 de noviembre de 1935. Segun el articulo 2233 de! Codigo Administrativo la Junta Provirlcial, despues de recibir las copias de las reso'iuciones y ordenanzas aprobadas por Jos concejos munidpales, las examinara 0 las enviara al fiscal provincial para que informe sobre la J-egalidad de tales resoluciones u ordenanzas. Si la junta provincial halla que alguna resolucion ha sido dictada fuera de las facultades conferidas al concejo municipal, [a declara: nula con sujecion a la determinacion del jefe de la oficina ejecutiva, que ahora es el Secretario de! Interior. Segun esto, es facultad de la Junta Provincial el aprobar o anular una ordenanza municipal. La anulara si halla que esta fuera de la jurisdiccion del concejo el dictarla. E·n el caso presente, la· Junta Provincial, actuando, en vista de la opinion deiJ. fiscal provincial de que las aguas que eran obJ ecto de regulacion de la ordenanza No. 10 de'i Concejo Mu111icipal de San Pedro se hallan dentro de una propiedad privada y que, por tanto, esta fuera de .Ja jurisdiccion de1 Concejo Municipal el regular su uso y aprovechamiento, dicto su resolucion declarando nula dicha ordenanza. No tiooe importancia el hecho de que la Jr unta Provincial habia aprobado antes la misma ordenanza, pues, nada impide que la Junta Prov'incial, despues de actuar en un sentido, pueda mas tarde reconsiderar su actuacion y revocarla, dictando otra contraria, si a su j uicio asi proC!ede. El articulo 2233 no establece ninguna hmitacion a esta facultad de la Junta !Provincial. (Continued on next page) Page 165 Councilor Isidra Catapat of General Luna, Quezon Legality . . . Por lo expuesto, es claro que no procede el recurso de mandamus para r .............................................................. ~ ................................................... . . ~ ~ LAUREL, SABIDO, ALMARIO ~ : & LAUREL ~ • 4 : Brias Roxas Annex ~ : 404 San Vicente St,, Manila ~ ~ Tel. 4-67-08 ~ . ~ : -oOo- ~ : Dr. Jose P. Lat:rel ~ : 'Pedro Sabido ~ : Marciano Almario ~ : Jose B. Laurel, Jr. ~ . ~ ~ ~ ; Associcites ~ : Jos·~ V. Lesaca ~ : G. Sabater ~ ~ Francisco Angeles ! • R. T. Oben ~ ~ Efren E. Carlos ~ ; Cleto P. Leus ~ ~ Lumen Policarpio ~ ; A. Gustilo ~ . ~ t .................................................................................................................. .J Page 166 Ti111e Tears On! In the administration building of1 the New York World's 1 Fair hangs a sign which reads: "Time Tears O;i !" Perhaps it is because that sign stimulated an increased working tempo that the construction of the great fair wa:; months ahead of schedule. It seems to me more of u·s shouid hang above our desks the slogan· "Time Tears On!" Time d()lesn't just march; no, not even to the most stirring martial mu,sic! Time fairly tears by ! Hours, days, months, years flash by faster, and faster as we grow oldrr. The first thing 'we know om· hair is gray and we are hobbling around with a cane, and the mountain of things we had planned to do still go undone. Even the young chap who has just reached his majority, and has cast his first vote, hasn't any too much ti"Ile ahead of him. If he retires at 60 OP the basis of 16 waking hourn a day, he just has 14,244 days, amounting to 227, 760 nours or 13,665,600 minutes in which to make good. And those of. us who are nearing 40, where life is supposed to begi.n, have only a:bout half this amount of time. Time has a way of sneaking up on us and finding our work undone, our ideals unrealized, our dreams still jusf castles in the air. /Perhaps it would help to remind ou.rselves daily that TIME TEARS ON !-The Friendly Adventurer. obligar, como pide el · recurrente, a la Junta Provincial a actuar en determinado sentido en un asunto que esta ctentro de su facuHad el resolver segiln su juicio. Por estas consideraciones, SE DENIEGA el recurso y se confirma la decision de! 'Juzgado con las costas al recurrente. RAMON AVANCENA. CONlFORlVIES: Carlos A. Imperial, Anacleto Diaz, Jose P. Laurel, Manuel V. Moran. Villa-Real y Concepcion, MM, no tomaron parte. THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW Supervision And Control Of Provincial and Municipal Budgets And Plantillas EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 167 REVISING TH\<!:: INSTRUCTIONS DELIMITING THE RESPECTIVE RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE SECRE'TARY OF THE INTERIOR AND THE SECRETARY OF FINANCE IN THE SUPERVISION AND CONTROL OF THE PERSONNEL AND FINANCES OF THE PROVINCIAL, CITY, A.ND MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTS. 1. The Department of the Interior is the agency of the National Government for the supervision and control of the provincial, city, and municipa~ governments in their admin~'S'trative functions. 2. The Department of Finance is the agency of the National Government for the supervision and control of the financial affairs of the pro , incial, city, and municipal governments. 3. In conformity with the foregoing, the budgets of the provincial govern'l!ents shall be submitted to the Department of iFinance, through the Department of the Interior, such budgets to contain the plantilla of personnel in such details as heretofore prescribed and clear and specific statements both of the estimated income and the proposed expenditures for the corre~pondi·ng fiscal year. In thu'S' submitting the budget, the provincial board should enclose a written opinion of the provincial treasurer as prescribed in section Two thousand one hundred s.e>en of the Administrative Code, together with a sta:tement of the district engineer containing his comments on the proposed expenditures for his office as well as for public works, and also similar written statement!'\ of the division superintendent of schools, the di.strict health officer, the provincial auditor, the provincial fiscal, and the provincial agricuHural supervisor regarding the different kinds of proposed expenditures for the MARCH, 1949 !lcti dties respectively under them. The budget with all the accompanying statements shaU be sen;t to the Dep- . artment of. the Interior, which should make its comment on the proposed expenditures. The Secretary of the Interior shall then send the budget with his comment and recommendation together with the corresponding opinion and sbtements of the chiefs of local offices to the Dapartment of Finance. The Department of Finance, in taking action on the budglet, • shall be guided by the comment and recommendation of the Secretary of the Interior. The same procedure shall be observed in the case of supplemen:tal budgets. 4. It shall be the duty of the Department of Finance to see to it that the proposed expenditures do not exceed the estimated income but rather leave a reasonable amount of surplus. Except in the case of the employees in the office of ; the provincial treasiirer, the Department of. 1 Finan.ce, in revising a provincial budget, ·shall gi.\·e weight to the views and recommendation of the Secretary of the Interior and except for the purpose of standardizing salaries, making an equitable distribution of funds for salary expenses among the different provincial offices, and insuring the financial solvency and stability of the province, the recommendation of the Secretary of the Interior on the plantillas of per~onnel should be followed. 5. The b:..tdgets of the seven speciailly organized provinces of Agusan, Bukidnon, Cotabato, Davao, Lanao, Sulu, and Zamboanga, and the respective municipal districts therein still operating directly under the provincial boards, which in form and details shall be as prescribed in paragraph three hereof, shall be submitted to t he Com( Continued on page 169) Page 167 PREPARATION OF FISH SAUCE (PATIS) * Fish sauce to the Filipinos is what soy sauce is to the Chinese flnd Japanese. The. local name ' for fish ' sauce is patis. It is a ·common ingredienb in Filipino cookery and is most preferred to salt especially in Central Luzon. IA properly prepared fish sauce has a palata1 ble and appetizing flavor. The manufacture· of fish sauce is a household industry in many fishing villages around Manila Bay. In Malabon and . Navotas, towns about four miles north of Manila, the .production of the sa,uce is a big industry. There are at least fifteen commercial plants for fish-sauce manufacture in thes·e towns. The manufacture of· fish · sauce does not require any machinery. Large wooden vats or a series of concrete tanks used as containers of. the salted fish from which the sauce is derived, and earthen jars are the main equiprnent. Sardines are the most common species used as materials in the preparation of the sauce. Anchovies and ambassids are also used. But the best product is prepared from gizzard shad (Dorosemidae). The materials are secured mostly in times of glut. Fish sauce is also prepared from a S1pecies of small shrimps (Atya sp.), locally called alamang. As soon as the fish is received in the plant, it is washed several times to remove slime and particles of sand, and the trash is .removed. Then 1he fish is mixed with salt in the proportion of orre part salt by measure to three parts fish. Local coarse-grained salt is used. Salt and fish are mixed thoroughly and uniformly. The mixture is shoveled into wooden vats or a series of concrete fanks. Boards are plac·ed rTTT.......,........,.TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT~ ~ HING HUA TRADING ~ • Hardware & General Merchandise ~ ~ Wholesale & Retail ~ ~ Legaspi City ~ ~ ' ······~--............................................ 1 Page 168 rn top of the mixture and weighted with stones to prevent the fish from floating. The salted fish is left un- · touched to follow the natural slow 'process of protein digestion. This digestion is accomplished in months or even years, the longer the betrter. 'When the required time has been · attain:ed the liquid is allowed to drip from a spigot placed close to the bottom of the container. The liquid is collected and plac·ed in earthern jars which are properly covered. These jars containing the liquid are laid aside to age under sunshine. After aging the liquid is ready for bottling and finally for the market. Sometimes the digested salted fish is cooked in large kettles. A certain point is observed during the cooking and when this is reached the process is stopped and the content of the kettle is allowed to cool. Du.ring the cooling the solids settle down. The supernatant liquid is filtered and the clear liquid bottled. Cooked product like this does not require aging. If the material used is small shrimps the salted shrimps develop into a paste after months of storage. This paste, known locally as bagoong (fish paste), may be marketted as it is. The pasre i ~ pressed to obtain ·the juice which is cooked. When a certa.in point is reached the boiling liquid is allowed to cool and settle. The clear liquid is separabd and bottled ready for the market and sold as fish sauce also which is a more palatable product than that prepared from fish. * Leaftlet No. 9 of the Divis:.on, now Bureau of Fisheries. - - 0-C essante causa, cessat e ff ectus. Reason is the soul of the law, and when the reason of any particular law ceases, rn does the law itself. (Broom's Legal Maxims, pp. 97-99). · THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW Supervision .. '. missioner for Mindanao and Sulu for action under the provisions of special laws (Chapters sixty-two, sixty-three, and sixty-four of the Revised Administrative Code) governing them. Copies of such budgets, acted upon by the Commissioner for Mindanao and Sulu, shall be submitted to the Department of Finance, through the Department of the Interior, for such revi~ion as may be necessary, in the same manner as prescribed in the next prie" ceding paragraph. 6. · In view of .the necessity of expediting action on provinciall budgets, all the officials concerned are hereby required to act speedily on matters re" lative thereto that correspond to them. Pending revision of their budgets, the provincial governments may proceed in the performance of their activities in accordance with the .provision of the budgets as suomitted by them. 7. With regard to other matters affecting the finances of city and municipal governments that :i;nay be brought up for action of the Department of ·Finance, the same procedure as above prescr}bed for the supervision and control of .the personnel and finances of provincial governments shall be followed. 8. The Department of the Interior, after securing the recommendation of the Department of F'inance, shaLI continue to act, in accordance with the provisions of Act NUJ11bered F'our thousand one hundred eighty-three, on !'etiremcnts of provincial and municipal officials. Matters regarding the granting of transportation alLlowances as provided in Executive Order Numbered One hundred twelve, rates of per diems including those of members of municipal councils for attending sessions of the latter, compensat.ion of members of the provincial board designated to perform ministerial duties, and other matters involving the expenditure of funds, which are not considered primarily financial in nature, shall be decided by the Head of DepMARCH, 1949 artment having administrative , control over the employee or activity .concerned, but the amount of the·expenditure h1 be incurred in each case shaJil, not exceed that which is previously authorized in the provincial, city, or municipal budgets, as the case may be. 9. In revising the budgets or 10•·ai governments and in passing over the expenditures made by such -entities, the Department of the Interior and the Department of !Finance shall be hruided by the principle that provided that the expenses contemplated are within their · financial capacity, the local governments should be given a large degree of freedom in determining for themselves the propriety and wisdom of the expenses that they make,. 10. In case there shoufid be an irreconcilable difference of opinion between the Secretary of Finance and the Secretary of the Interior, the matter shall be submitte<1 to the President for · final determination. 11. Administrative Order Numbered forty-eight, dated October fourth, nineteen hundred and thirty-seven, is hereby revoked. Done at the City of Manila, this eighth day of October, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and thirtYeight, and of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the third. (Sgd.) MANUEL L. QUEZON President of the · Philippines By the President: (Sgd.) JORGE B. VARGAS Secretary to the President OFFICE EQUIPMENT General Merchant-Importer Checkwriters Cash Registers Duplicators Typewriters Calculators Adding Machines Filing Cabinets Steel Safes Sales-Repair Service 676-678 Evangelista, Quiapo Page 169 Mandatory Powers Of Municipal Councils [Section 2242, Adrninfatrative Godel It shall be the dU'ty of the municipal council, conformably with , law: (a) To fix the salaries of aH municipal oFicers and employees except the treasurer and teachers in the public schools, and to provide for such expenditures as are necessary in the proper conduct of the lawful activities of, the various branches of the municipal government. (b) To provide a municipal building adequate for the municipal offices, and other buildings requfred for municipal uses, including schoolhouses .. (c) To provide for 'the levy and collect10n of municipal faxes and for the collection of all fees and charges cons,~ ituting lawful sources of municipal revenue or income. ( d) To establish , and maintain an efficient police department and an adequate municipal jail or prison. (e) To regulate the construction, care, and use of streets, sidewalks, cainals wharves and pier·s· in the municipa:Uty, and prevent and remove obstacles and encroachment on the same. (f) To construct and keep in repair bridges and viaducts, and regulate the use of the same. (g) To regulate the selling, giving away' or dispensing of intoxicating, malt, vinous, mixed, or fermented liquors at retail. (h) To declare and abate nuisance. (i) To resfrain riots, disturbances, and disorderly assemblages. (j) To • prohibit aind penalize intoxica:lion,- fighting, gambling, mendicancy, prostitution, the keeping of disorderly houses, and other species o~ disorderly conduct or disturbance of the peace. lk) To provide for the punishment ;.nd suppression of vagrancy and the puni·shment of any person found within the . town wi.thOut legitimate busiJ!ess or visible means of suppor.t. (I) To suppress and penainze cruelty to animals. , . (m) 'l'o prohibit the throwing or depositing of filth, garbage, or other offensive matter in any street,· aJi,ey, park, or public square; provide for the sui'table c.ollection , and disposition of such matter and for ·cleaning and keeping clean the streets, alleys, parks and other public places of the municipal~ ity. (n) To regulate the keeping and use of animals in so far as the same affect the public health and the health of domestic animals. ( o) To require any land or building which is in an insanitary condition to be cleansed at the expense of the owner or ·t~mant, and, upon failure to comply with such an order, have the work done and assess the expense upon the land or building. (p) To construct and keep in repair public drains, sewers and cesspools, and regulate the construction and use of private water-closets, privies, sewers, drains, and cesspools. (q) To establish or authorize the establishment of slaughterhouses and markets, and inspect and 'regu,late the use of the same. (r) To provide for and regu~·ate the ins.pection of meat, fruits, poultry, milk, fish, \egetables, and all o'ther 8 rticles of food. (s) To adopt such other measures, including internal quarantine regulations, as may from time to time be deemed desirable or necessary to prevent the introduction and spread of disease. · ALWAYS BE A CONSISTENT WINNER IN THE SWEEPSTAKES!! Buy your tickets from \ MARCELA MEER-MILLAR Lady Star and Lucky .Agent No, 2 Seller of FIRST - SECOND - THIRD and CHARITY prizes ' 329 P. Gomez, Manila Page 170 THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW Classification Of Municipalities In Special Provinces [Department Order No. 4, series of 1939, Secretary of the Interior.] Pursuant to the provisions of Section 1 of Commonwealth Act 298, amending subsection (a) of Section 2614 of the Revised Administrative Code,* providing for t he classification of the municipalities in the specially organized provinces according to then· i·espective revenues for every period of three years, the municipalities herein below named are here.by classified as follows, effect:ve J uly 1, 1939: AGUSAN Manay Buena vista 4th Mati 3rd Butuan 2nd Pantukan 2nd Cabadbaran Samal(6) 3rd Jabonga 4th Santa Cruz 1st Nasipit Saug(5) 5th Talacogon 5th Tagum(7> 3rd Tubay(1) Tl'inidad(5) 5th BAT ANES LAN AO Basco 4th Balo-i (S) 4th Itbayat 5th Dansalan 3rd Ivanna Iligan(9) 1st Maha tao Kauswagan (10) 4th Sabtang Kolambugan 3rd Uyugan Malabang 4th BUKIDNON Tubod(ll) Impasugong 5th NUEV A VIZCAYA Malaybalay 3rd Ari tao 4th Maluko 4th Bagabag 3rd Talakag Barn bang 4th COT ABATO Bayombong 3rd 2nd D upax 4th Cotabato Solano 2nd Buayan (2) 4th PALA WAN Buluan (2) 4th Agutaya 5th Dinaig(3) 3rd Bacuit Dula wan Cagayancillo Kabakan(3) 4th Coron 3rd Kiamba(3) Cuyo Kidapawan (2) Duma ran 5th Koronodal(3) Puerto Princesa 3rd Lebak(4) 5th Taytay 3rd M'dsayap 3rd SULU Nuling(3) Jolo 2nd Pagalungan(3) ZAMBOANGA Parang(3) 4th Aurora (12) 3rd DAVAO Dap'tan Banganga 4th Dipolog 2nd Caraga Kabasal~n 3rd Cateel Katipunan Compostela ( 5 j 5th Labason (13) 4th Gov. Generoso ( 5) 3rd Margosatubig 3rd Kapal,rng(6) 5th Pagadian Lupon (6) 4th Sindaiigan Mali ta Siocon 4th (Footnotes on next page ) MARCH, 1949 Page 171 Footnotes ... (*) Identical to Sec. 2170, Adm. Code, published on page 92, Vol. I, No. 2, of this magazine. (1) Created by R. A. 188 and classification published in D. 0. No. 27, Sept. 7, 1948, See. of Int. (2) Organized by E. 0. 82J, s. 1947, and classification published in D. O. No , 15, Nov. 29, 1947, Sec. of Int. (3) Organized by E. 0. 82, s. 1947, and classification published in D. d. No. 11, Sept. 8, 1947, Sec. of Int. (4) Organized by E . O. 195, s. 1948, and classification published in D. 0. No . 46, Jan. 20, 1949, Sec. of Int. (5) Organized by E. 0. 156, s. 1948, and classification published in D. 0. No . 28, Sept . . 18, 1948, Sec. of Int. (6) Organized by E. 0. No. 151, s. 1948, and cbssification published in D. 0 . No. 28, Sept. 18, 1948, Se". of Int. (7) Organized by E. 0. No. 352, s. 1941, and classification published in D. 0 . No. 6, Noy. 22, 1?46, Sec. of Int. (8) Organi;,ed by E. 0. No. 152. s. 1948, and classification published in D. 0. No . 28, Sept. 18, 1948, Sec. of Int. (9) Raised to 1st class (D. 0. 60, dated Feb. 25, 1949, Sec. of Int.> (10) Organized by E. 0. No. 126, & . 1948, and classification published in D. 0. No. 22, April 21. 1948, Sec. of Int. (<11) Organized by R. A. No. 58 and classification published by D. 0. No. 8, Jan. 22, 1947, Sec·. of Int. (12) Organized by E. 0. 353, s. 1941 and classification published by D. 0. No. 60, dated F eb. 25. 1949, Sec. of Int. (13) Organized by E. 0 No. 79, s. 1947, and classification published in D. O. 20, dated March 11, 1948. Page 172 THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW PROBABLE CIVIL SERVICE EXAMINATION QUESTIONS FOR POLICEMAN [Continued from first (Jan.) ·issue] . PHILIPPINE CIVICS .F1LL the blanks with the RIGHT word or words to make the sentence correct: 1. Citizenship implies not only rights but a· lso __,__, 2. Bo not traffic with your -·--. 3- 4., Pay your taxes --- and ___ , !1, 5. ·.Respect the --- which is -. n· the ex:pression of your sovereign will. ·6. One of the civic virtues is ---, 'or love of native land. 7. The flag and --- are emblems of patriotism. 8. - - - protects your neighbors if. you are sick, and jprotects you if youir neighbors are sick. 9. Vaccination protects you from 10. The greatest organization .in the world for charity and public welfare is the - --. 11-13. In order to make life and property secure, we have different agencies to protect them, such as __,__, ---, and - --. 14. Courts exists in order ithat ------may be done. SENG 15-16. Small offenses are punished' by municipal ordinances usually with a sentence of imprisonment for not more than --months, or of a fine not more than ·pesos, or both. 17-18. Every law officer should see that justice is done to ---and alike.' ·· 19. A is' a piece of agricultural public land not larger than twenty-four he c · tare s which the Government grants to persons on certain conditions. 20. It is against the law fo u.se. - - - - - in fishing. 21. In order to acquire capital, we must learn how to ----22. " " means that the members of a labor union refuse to do their work until their demands are granted. 23-25. To transmit news, we have several agencies, like -----. ----, and----(Check your answers elsewhere in thisissue.) HING TAN TING LIK, Prop. Dealer in HARDWARE & LUMBER GENERAL MERCHANDISE And Manufacturer of MANG OSTEEN PRES. ERVE 1 p, 0 . 1 Box 47 JOLO, SULU, PHLIPPINES MARCH, 1949 Page 173 Acquisition Of Supplies And Materials ·For Local Govern men ts · By BENITO GUIA Chief Supervising Au:ditor of the Provincial Audit Department of the General Auditing Office (Portion of his paper read during the last conference of Provincial a.nd City Auditors held in Manila) will limi:t myself to questions arising from the acquisition of. supplies and materials and some other import:mt provincial• matters. The provisions of Executive Order No. 298, series of 1940, require purchases of supplies to be mad\) through public bidding with certain exceptions. One exception is when ·the Auditor General, the Secretary of. Justice and the Secretary of the Department concerned have been consulted and approval of the President gecured beforehand.. Other exceptions are when the purchases invdlv-ed 1"100.00 or less in each case, which amount is increased to '1'1,000 in a circular-te!egram of. this Office dated February 28, 194.8, and if they are made under Department Orders Nos. 7 and 8 dated June 18, 1945 of the Department of ,Finance. Another exception is the case of emergency purchase involving danger to, or loss of life and / or property or to avoid serious detri_ ment to the public 8ervice. Under Department Order No. 2, se::ries of 1936, of the Department of. Fi:rnnce, there are three ways of acquir·'ing supplies for the Government: (1) Direct Order and Payment System; (2) :Local purchases; and (3) Purchase ·,thru the Procurement Office. Under the Direct Order and Payment Sysbem there is a circular proposal approved by the Pu• rchasing Agent whereby any purchase of the govei:nment may be made direct from the de::>}er concerned. That is to say, upon the receipt of. the necessary r:oquis:ition, the contractor shall deliv·er the supplies called for directly to the requisitioning bureau or office, provincial, city or mui1icipality or other local political subdivisions and collect therefrom, also directly, the cost of Pe:ge 174 supplies, inclu·ding incidental .expenses in the delivery thereof to the point of destination indicated in the requisi:tion. In the case of locaJI· purchases, they ~hould only be availed of when the needed ·supplies are ob!tainable at reasonr.ble prices in the respective localities or in neighboring places. Diri'Ct purchases from Manila merchants without the intervention of the Procurement Office are not contemplated under this authorization. Department Order No. Z provides also that no local purchase ·should be made of. supplies which require a scientific or technical test for the determination of their quality. Purchases thru the Procurement Office are effected thru the usual requisition form ililed with said' office which, upon receipt of such requisition, 8hall secure the most advantageous quotations following the requirements of Execu:tive Order No. 298, series of 1940, and issue the necessary buyer's order for the direct delivery of the supplies called for. In the case of an emergency purchase payable from local government funds, the provincial or city treasurer concerned shall submit to the Auditor General thru the Provincial or City ,l\..uditor concerned a regular requisition to cover such purchase showing thereon: (1) a complete description of the articles acquired; (2) by whom furnished; (3)· date' of acquisition; (4) the unit prices and the total amount paid; (5) a clear expfanation of th.3 circumstances why the articles were urgently needed or why a regular requ·isition could not be previously coursed as required withou:t cacising detriment to the public service; and THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW {6) a certificate to the effect that the price paid for was the lowest obtainable at the time of purchase. This certificate should be supported by an authentic list of the various dealers, their respective addresses and prices offer.ed, as a result of the personal canvass made of the market in the locality and /or neighboring 'Places. The Provin.cial or City Auditor concerned shall at once forward said requisition to the General Auditing O'ffice :together with his comment and recommendation. The General Auditing Office will then ref.er said requisition to the Pur.chasing Agent for his determination as to the reasonableness of the price or prices paid for the suppl,ies therein ~isted. Upon '!he return of the requisi:tion du,ly acted uport by the Purchasing fAgent, the General Auditing Office will forward it thru the Department Head concerned and the 8·ecretary of Justice, to His Excellency, the President of the Philippines,, for ap:;:iroval, as an exception to Executive -Order No. 298, series of 1940. Pending approval of the requisi:tion, credit ·Of the corresponding transaction in the ~ ~ccounts of the province, city or mu!Jicipality concerned, i's tentatively suspended in audit. Shou'ld it be found that the prices paid were high, the matter will be brought to the attention of the Department Head concerned for appropriate action under SeC"tion 587 -0f the Administrative Code. With respect to local emergency pur.chases in provinces and cities payable from National Government Funds,, 1 wish to inform you that all requisitions pertinent· thereto, if the amount involved exceeds 'l"l,000.00 in each case, shall be forwarded to the Prop.erty Requisition Committee for its action, tog·ether with the comment. and recommendation of the Provincia1 i and City Auditors concerned. These requiBitions include the acquisition of art" ides to be purchased from governmentowned corporations as well as from private companies under the direct order and payment system (Circular No. 4, supra, and 2nd indorsement dated September 12, 1947, of the Chai!'man, Property Requisition Committee, to the MARCH, 1949 Provincial Auditor of Iloilo). 'Writh respect to proposed purchases in excess of Pl,000.00 in each case, thru public bidding, of supplies and equipment needed to meet the regular and essential requirements of the service, the Provincial Committee may, subject to the provisions of Executive Order No. 302, series of 1940, award the bid to the lowest and most advantageous bidders, if the corresponding requisition had been approved by :the Prop-, 1~rty Requisition Committee previous to the biddfog. If the previous ll!pproval had not 'been secured, the requisition. showing the lowest and most advantageous. prices offered for the artides should be forwarded to the Properly Requisition Committee tor approval under Executive Order No. 43, series of 1947.. A copy of the abstract of the bids ·should be attached. The award of the order to the successful bidder or bidders should te held i?J abeyance pending the receipt of the requisil.ion duly approved by the Committee. (1st indorsement dated ;:;eptember 2,' 1947, of the Chairman, Property Requisition Committee, to the Prov.incial Auditor of P.lbay). Emergency purchases of supplies and mat·erials in excess of Pl,000.00 may, subject to the requirements of Executive Order No. 298, series of 1940, and other exis'ling regulations, be mad') without first forwarding the corresponding requisition to the Prop·~ rty Reqiuis:ition Commi~tea for approval under Executive Order No. 43, series of 1947, if such suppli·es and materials are urgently needed to meet actual emergency involving danger to, or 10ss of, life and/or prop·erty or to avoid rletriment to the public service; provided, however, that immediately after ~he purchase the requisition therefor . i8 submitted, showing (a) complete de' cription of· the article3 acquired, ( b) date of acquisiiion, (c) the unit prices and the total amount paid, and (d) a clear explanation of the circumstances why the articles were urgently needed or why a regular requisition could not be previous'1y coursed as required. In forwarding such requisitions to the Committee, they should l::e accompaPage 175 nied by the comment and recommendatfon of the Provincial Auditor, together with . the. abstract of bids, if any had been held. (2nd indorsement dat~ .ed September 12, 1947, of the Chairman, Property Requisition Committee, to the IProvincial Auditor of Hoilo). I wish also to inform. you that no government contract for public services and/or for furnishing supplies and materials to the Republic of the Philippines or any of fts branches·, subdivisions, agencies or instrumentalities shall be entered into if by the terms thereof, the Government is required to .make an advance payment for services .not yet rendered and/or supplies and materials not yet delivered. (Executive Order No. 107 dated December 3, 1947) . No payment, partial or final, sha:ll be -made on any contract without certificate on the voucher therefor to the effect that the services and/ or suppl·ies and .materials for which payment is contemplated have been rendered or delivered, as the case may be, in accordance with the terms of the contract and have been · duly inspected :md accepted. Such certificate shall . be signed by the Chief of the Office having full knowledge of the facts of the case. (Executive Order No. 107, supra). Another matter which I w'ish to bring to your attention is about the budget. Under Republic \Act No. 238, municipal budgets are no longer subject to the approval of the Provincial Treasurer; hence, salary increases of municipal personnel may go into effect upon approval of the budget by the municipal council. However, payment of the salary increases therein authorized shall not be effected un1il the approval of such salary increases by the Department of • Finance is received even if the corresponding appointments were already approved by the authorities concerned This requirement also applies to ~ewly created position and the salary increases of provincial and city employees. In this connection, attention is invited to Section 648 of the Revised Manual of Instructions to Treasurers. Page 176 In the matter of salaries of auditor's personnel this regulation has invariably been observed by this Office. That -is why in submitting recommendation to fill newly created positions and to give salary increas·es to members of office personnel, you shou1d al'.Vays see to it that said recommendation be accompanied with the approval of the corresponding appropriation by the 'Finance Secretary. And• do not make your recommendee work until you are so advised by the Central Office. In this connection, mention may also be made of the matter relative to the abolition of the bonus and the giving of the corresponding amount as an automatic salary increase which is authorized to national employees unde1· Republic Act No. 320. While this is not applicable to local governments, the policy has been adopted to extend the same privilege to local government employees and laborers, if the corresponding appropriation has been approved by the Department of Finance and subject to the condition that the instructions and regulations prescribed for national employees under Memorandum Circular dated June 29, 1948 of the Executive Secretary are complied with. Another matter which I believe merits a little mention in this gathering is the application of Republic Act No. 218 extending the leave privi• leges to temporary employees and .laborers. In - s• ubmitting leave of applications of the auditor's personnel for approval of. the Central Office, it is desired that mention be made of the date of their appointment, and the number of days and dates of leave enjoyed with or without pay from July 1, 1947, for proper determination if the applicant is entitled to the leave applied for with er without ·pay. It is desired to mention also something about bonding of accountable officers. Once a year, provincial and city auditors are required to submit a report on the sufficiency of the bonds of accountable officers. It would be haphazard verification if there is no (Continued on page 180) THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW THE MUNICIPAL POLICE LAW . ANNOTATED by JUAN 1F. RW1E:RA Chief, Prov. incial Division, Dept, of the Interior, and Member, Malacaiian Special Legislative Assistance Committee . . (Continued from 1st & 2nd issiws) ARRESTS AND SEIZURES Definition.-Arrest is the taking of n person into custody in order that he may be forthcoming to answer for the commission of an offense.1 -Arrest-now made.-An arrest is made by an actual restrairnt of the person to be arrested, or by his submission to the custody of the person making the arrest. No unnecessary or unreasonable force shall be used in making an arrest, and the· person arrested shall not be subject to any greater restraint before the judge or before some other person in authority who iss·ued the warrant as directed therein. 2 Arrests shall be made as quietly as possibl·e, and all unnecessary harshness and violence will be avoided.3 A peace officer armed with lawful warrant, or when making a lawful arrest without a warrant, has a right, and it is his duty to use every necessary means to effect the arrest. 4 If. no resistance is offered, • the peace officer has no right, rudely or with violence, to lay hands on the arrested person.s If resistance is offered to an arrest, a peace officer may use such force as is necessary to overcome the resistance. However, violence which will probably result in the death of a person to be arrested may only be used when the peace officer is in extreme danger, and when such force is necessary for his self-protection. 6 A peace officer arresting a person who is accused of a grave crime, and who refuses to stop when so required. and continues his flight, has a right to kill to prevent the esca• pe of the accused, if he can not otherwise take him. This right does not exist in ·cases of minor offenses, and such means to prevent the escape should only be resorted to when the crime is of a grave character, and the guilt of MARCH, 1949 the person fleeing is evident and clear.7 A peace officer is never justified in killing in order to effect an arrest for a minor offense, even though the person refus·es to stop when so required, and continues his flight, and even though there be no other way to prevent hi·s escape. No matter what offense a prisoner may have commHted, a peace officer is not jmtified in killing him, if there is any other way of preventing his escap'" s An officer should use discretion_ and caution in effecting arrests. He should be humane. He can not use violence when no resistance is offered, or use force or violence disproportionate to the extent of the resistance offered if there is any. If he uses unnecessary and excessive force or acts wantonly or malicious• lY, he may be criminaHy liable. A chief. of police who with a shotgun repea:tedly cudgels a person being arrested when the latter is already held by three policemen, thereby inflicting several wounds, is guilty of the crime of physical injuries, the force used ·being manifestly unnecessary.9 Execwtion of warrant.-lt shall be the duty of an officer to whom the warrant of arrest is delivered to arrest the defendant and 'without unnecessary delay take the person arrested before the judge or before some other person in authority who issued the warrant as directed therein.10 Warrant of arrest; legal upon its face and issued by a competent authority, is a complete justification and protection to the peace officer making an arrest.11 A peace officer to whom a warrant is delivered for service must take notice of its contents and see that upon its face it appears to have bee;1 issued by the judge of a court having jurisdiction of the subject matter upon the legal cause shown and is for a person whose name appears or who is particularly described therein.12 The peace Page 177 <>ffic-er making the arrest ·shall exhibit the warrant to the person arrested and explain its contents; if the arrest is made without a warrant, the p<:?rson arrested shall be so informed, and shall be told why no warrant was obtained.I' Care will be taken to avoid unnecessary publicity or the humiliwtion of. ~he person arrested. It is not the function of the police to impose punishment. This is 'for the courts of justice; an arrested person is presumably innocent unlil pronounC'ed guilty by a. court.14 E xecution of warrant owt'<;ide of the pi"ovince.-\Varrant of arrest issued by the justice of the peace cannot be served or ·executed outside his province, unless the judge- of the Court of First Instance of the district or, in his absence, the pro d ncial fiscal shall certify that in his opinion the interest of j• ustice requires such service. Warrant issued by the judge of the Court of First Instance or of any other ·superior court may be secured or executed anywhere within the Philippines.15 1. Sec. 1, Ruic 109, Rules of Court. 2. Sec. 2, id. • While members· of the local police forces are authori~ed to make arrests, it is under-sfood that they can exercise such authority only within the territorial limits of the municipality of which they are peace officers. To allow them to exercise police authority beyond their jurisdiction, as in this case, would create not only misunder.~tanding between the municipal authorities that they represent and the authorities of the other municipality wherein they unlawfully exercise such authority, but would also he detrimental tc the orderly processes of government. In cases where offenders of the law are found outside the jurisdiction of a municipality, the prop:.eiprocedure 1o be followed in such cases is to report the matter, through the Provincial Governor, to the Provincial Commander of the Constabulary, so ihat appropriate steps may he tabn to secure a warrant of arrest directed to any m<:?mber of the Consfabulary who is authorized under the law to effect arrest anywhere throughout the Philippines.16 3. Par. 108, Manual for the Municipal Police; Par. 109, State Police Regulations. 4. Par. 113, State Police Regulations. 5. Par. 110, id.; Par. 109, Manual for the Municipal Police. 6. Par. 114, id.; Par. 113, id. 7. Par. 115, id.; Par. J16, id. 8. Par. 116, id.; Par. 117, id. 9. People v. Fandono, CA-G. R. No. 5865 Aug. 22, 1940. JO. Sec. 3, Rule 109, Rules of Court. 11. Par. 106, State Police Regulations; par. 105, Manual for the Mp!. Police. 12. Par. 107, id.; par. 106, id. 13. Par. 108, id.; par. 107; id. 14. Par. 112. id; par. 111, id. 15. Sec. 4, Rule 109, Rules of Court. 16. Letter dated Oct. 11, 1946 of Sec. of the Int. to the Prov. Gov . of Pampanga, 612.6 Pampe.nga, Angeles. (To be continued) Compliments of Page 178 M. Qaiclu:;,Uan anJ .,(/d,d.oci.ated. ARC.HITECTS * ENGINEERS * BUILDERS STRUCTURAL - ARCHITECTURAL - DESIGNS 2626 R. FERNANDEZ, MANILA. THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW Opinion of Secretary of Justice-,ESTABLISHMENT OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES Republic of the Philippim~s DE!P ARTMENT OF JUSTICE Manila 7th lndorsement April 28, 1948 Respectfully returned to the Director of Public Libraries, Manila, thru the Honorable, the · Secretary of Education. Opinion is requested as 'lo whether public libraries may be organized' by any province, town, or city without the intervention and su·pervision of th ~ Bureau of Public Libraries. Attention is invited to section 1693 of the Revised .Administrative Code, which provides that "to the Philippine Library and Museum shalll pertain not only books, librarie3, and library materials acquired for its immediate use bu·h also all books, libraries, and library material belonging to the Insular Government or to any Department, Bureau, Office, or subdivision thereof, subject to action by · ihe GovernorGeneral under section Oll'e thousand six hundred and ninety-one hereof." Executive Order No. 94 has changed the name of the office to Bureau of Public Libraries. It would seem that by virtue of this section, all public libraries in the iPhilippines, including those of provinces, towns, and cities, these being subdivisions of the Government, are under the supervision of lhe Bureau of 1 Public Libraries. Section 1691 of the same Code to ·Nhich section 1693 refers provid;es., however, that "the Governor-General shall have authority to direct that pictures, paintings, photographs, books, documents, manuscripts, pamphlets, , monographs, maps, and a• ll objects of artistic, historical, or sci-entific value of any kind, of any Bureau, Office, or dependency of the Government, which are not absolutely necessary for the work and current official use of the Office, Bureau, or dependency concerned, shall be transferred, upon propel· imentory, to the Philippim~ LiMARCH, 1949 brary and Museum 1o be preserved and [\dministered by the office, bureau or depend·ency concerned, and it is only tipon their transfer to the .Bureau of Public Libraries that they are placed under the administration of the latter. This is proof that the law contempla'les cases where a public library may not be under the supervision of the Bureau of Public Libraries. Section 1696, paragraph 2·, . of the Code furthermore provides that "the property responsibility for such portions of the library as are housed in a Bureau or Office not under the control of the Philippine Library and Museum shall rest upon the Bureau or Office having th.e custody thereof; and the employees occupied in cataloguing and caring for the books shall be employees of such Bureau. or Office." This means that such public library :s not under the supervision of the Bureau of Public Libraries since the properly responsibility therefor rests exclusively upon the Bureau or Office concerned and the employees are con6idered employees of t·he bureau or office in which the library is housed. Supp}ementing this provision, section 1697, paragraph 2, directs that "the purchase of books for branches of the ~ibrary in the keeping of other Bureaus and Offices shall be fimmced· by the Bureau or Offke concerned x x x." These provisions, altho expressly referring only to libraries in bureaus or offices, apply also to a public library established by a town, city, or provi!~ce, because towns. provinC'es, and cities are neither under the control of the Bureau of Public Libraries and enjoy even greater autonomy than bureaus or offices in the Nationa'l Government. Attention is also directed to Opinion No. 131, series 1940, in which the predecessor in office of the undersigne>d held that the employees working in the branches of the National Library (Continued on next page) Page 179 Establishment ... in the provinces, cities or municipalities are subordinate emploY'ees of the National Library, and should· be appointed by the Secretary of Public Instruction. This opinion, however, involves branches of the Nationail Library to the maintenance of which the province, city, or town merely contrib11tes by appropriating funds to pay the salaries of some of the employees in such branch and to defray other expenses. (See 2nd Par., Op. 131, s. 1940.) The public libraries which are the subject. of this query are, on the other hand, not branches of the Bureau of Public Libraries but are separate libraries established and oper'lted exclusively by ·the town, province, or city and supported wholly by local funds. Convincing proof that not all publir libraries are intend'f:d to be subject to the supervision of the Bureau of Public Libraries is found in the con. ti~ast between the provisions relative to the Bureau of Education and those referring to the Bure~u of Public Libraries. Section 909 of the Revised Administrative Code 1Jrovides: "To the Bureau of Educa:tion (changed to ;B·ureau of 'Public Schools, by Executive Order No. 94, Sec. 83) is committed the administration of the public 3chool system and the supervision of the general school inte:·ests of the Philippine Islands x x x." The terms "public school system" and "general :;chool interests" are used without qualification in this section, and are broad enough to cover all public schools in the Philippines. All public schools consequ,•ntly fall within the supervision of the Bureau of Public Schools. In contras.t, nowhere in the Revised Adminisfrative Code or :my other law is there found a provision s.imilar to section 909 granting the ·Bureau of Public Libraries grneral superint·2ndence over all iJibraries established at imblic expense. On the contrary as already previously shown, a numbe'r of Provisions in the Revised A dministra-. tive Code exist which give evidence Page 18() Acquisition ... basds of insuring the correctness of ~uch verification. !For this purpose it is suggested that provincial treasurers .. as well as city treasurers be requested to submit all requests for bonding to the provincial or city auditor concerned for comment before they are sent to the Treasurer of the Philippines. The Provincial or City Auditor will record such applications in ".Bond Index" card obtainable from the Bureau of Printing. Each card is for ·2ach bondalYle position which , can be determin_ ed from .the approved , plantillas or budgets. The status of each request for bonding should once in a while he ascertained from the provincial or city treasurer to see whether the same has been approved already by the authorities concerned. The operation of the provincial or cHy garage as requ.ired by Executive Order No. 172, series of 1938, as amended, may also be mentioned. All government land transportation except thos·e purchased from the road and bridge fund should be kept in the p r o v i n c i a 1 or city garage and operated under the garage system. Exception from this requirement was sought from time to time and the request has invariably been recommended for disapproval. iProvincfal and city auditors are therefore expected to see to it that the said motor vehicles are operated by.the district or city engineers concerned under the garnge s~s·tem. In this connection :t should be stated that in view of the amendment by Executive Order No. 51, ~eries of 1947, the rate to be set aside i:s reserve for the acquisition of new cars to r2place the old Ol"!es should be l"0.05 per kilometer for automobile and '!''0.0375 per kilometer for jeep. )f an illtent to permit the establishment of public libraries removed from the authority of the Bureau of Public Libraries. .For the foregoing- reasons, the query is answered in the affirmative. (Sgd.) ROMAN OZAETA Secretary of Justfoe THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW Preventive Regulations On Various Fire Hazards (Prepared by the Mcinila Fire Department) Storage of Gasoline (1) In all! cases, it is a safe rule to &ecure from the IF'ire Department a permit for the storage of. ga!Soline; (2) Smoking or ~arrying of matches or other smoking material shall be strictly prohibited in '\he premises of storage; (3) Keep away from all open flames such as stoves, heaters, torches and lighted lamps; (4) Take precautions against static electric sparks by providing proper grounding in transfer operations of gasaline; (5) El·ectric motor and other sparkemitting devices, when provided, should be of the type especially approved for such location and shalll be installed in accordance with regulations of th·e National IE'lectric Code; (6) Do not use steel or iron tools. which may .strike sparks; (7) Give proper ventilation to all p.Jaces where gasoline i·s stored; (8) Always provide sufficient foam chemical fire extinguishers· or a supply of sand for any emergency; (9) Quantity ·storage of. gasoline should hoe duly reported to the F'ire Department and a permit of approval secured before mruking any storage. On Smoking (1) Be sure to crush with your foot all embers of di·scarded cigarettes; (2) Never smoke in bed; (3) Never throw cigarette butts into 'Naste paper baskets, rubbish or in the 1•icinity of combustible materials. Cigarette butts should be thrown into me"'.:al ash trays, where available; (4) Take heed and obey strictly "NO SMOKING" signs whenever you see 'lhem. Such locations are around magazines, saw mHls, stables, garages, gasoline storage and other localities having unusual hazards; (5) Never smoke in manufacturing plants, except where buildings and contents are of non-combustible material. MARCH, 1949 Matches (1) Use safety matches which strike only on the box, or on specially prepared surfaces; (21 Avoid t h,e use of "Strike-AnY\Yhere" matches which may cause fire by friction in the pocket or by being stepped. on. Many tragedies have occurred to women who stepped on these matches. and ignited their gowns; (.3) Matches should be kept out of the hands of children and irresponsible persons; (4) ,They shall be kept in safe containers, and quantity storage should be confined to metal or metal-lined bins or boxes. (5) Never strike matches in the :proximity of, combustible materials; ( 6) A, good practice is to break every match struck between your fingers after you have used it and before throwing it away. Oily Matericds (1) Provide a sufficient number of standard waste cans and oily waste, should be placed in these cans during· the day and removed from the building at night without fail ; (2) Clean waste should be stored irr metal-lined bins. . If preferred, standard .cans may be hung . from posts, provided they are arranged to be readily removed and to maintain a 4-inch clearance to wood posts·; (3) When wais.te is past its usefulness, it should be burned; and care should be taken to keep it away from 3weeping or other refuse, owing to the extra hazard. Oil Burners (1) Be sLire that oil cookers do not leak and that they will not overturn; (2) Keep the burners clean and do not turn the flames too high; (3) Keep the oil can outside of the house, if possible; (4) Do not let floor beneath the can become oil soaked; (5) Make sure that the can does Page 181 RECOGNITION OF MERIT Republic of the Philippines . Department of. Education BUREAU OF PRIVATE SCHOOLS Manila March 11, 1949 The Editor The Local Government Review 83 D. Tuazon A:venue, Sta. Mesa Heights Quezon City Sir : Thank you very much for the January and 1 February, 1949 numbers of The Local Government Review. The materials in .this magazine will make good reading for those who are interested in the present tendencies in our locaq. governments, especially provincial and municipal affairs. Your magazine should help students of Philippine Government in the secondary schools and colleges, This Bureau i's therefore approving it for general ·reading in private secondary schools and colleges. I wish you success in your work of enlightening teachers and students in the working of our local governments·. not leak or drip; (6) Fill by daylight only any receptade in which oil fo> to be burned; (7) Never leave oil uncovered; (8) Never use oil or kerosene for starting or quickening fires. Cooking and Cleaning (1) Don't leave the stove while boiling is being done; (2) Don't pour water on burning fat; -i.1se earth, sand, flour, salt or a . J;1·etal cover ; (3) Never let a stove red hot; (4) .B:e careful not to use stove-po1ish on a hot stove; wait until it is . .cool; (5) Don't use any kind of stove-polish or other cleansing mixture un1'2ss you know what is in it; buy the safe kinds ; (6) Don't leave sweepings in a piece 0f paper; put them in a safety container; r•••••••••••••••..........,.. ....................... .._.. •• ~ • • t LUCKY GROCERY : t & COLD STORE : • • • Corner Rizal & Magallanes Streets : t P. 0. Box 22, Legaspi City • • • ~ •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 1 Page 182 Very respectfully, (Sgd.) MANU\E.L L. CARREON Director of Private Schodls (7) In handling oil or wax, use on!l·y small quantities at a time; wipe thor11ughly the surfaces you have rubbed with rags, and then burn the rags. Electricity in the Home (1) Use only materials that are of 1he approved type and suitabh~ for the job. (2) Keep your electrical equipment in good order. (3) Do not tamper with house wirings,- - appliances or other efoctrical equipment. A'1ways avail' of the ser·;ices of competent aicensed electricians in your wiring jobs. ( 4) LI\ void handling electrical cords and devices with wet hands . (5) Do not use eledrical equipment adjacent to water pipe or fitting connected to ground, or in damp places unl·ess special precautions have been bken. (6) Repiace frayed cords. guard lamps. ....................................................... ~ : : : NEW PARIS BAZAR l : General Merchants : • • : Legaspi City : ~ •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• J THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW How To Appeal From Decisions Of Provi· ncial ·Boards (Sec. 156, C.P.C.) In order to secure uniformity and !!void improvident appeals by municipal councils from the disapp~oval of their ordinances and resolutions by provincial boards, the following rules :ire brought to the attention of all :provincial! boards· and · municipal councils for their information and guidance. 1. Municipalities possess and can exercise only such powers as are express:;y or impliedly granted by law and those which are necessarily included .and essential to the declared objects and purposes for which municipalities are organized. Any fair reasonable <loubt concerning the existence of power is resolved against the municipality .rnd the power is denied. All acts beyond the scope of the powers expressly .or impl]iedly granted are void. (Dillon's .iiiunicipal Corporations, Vol 1, 4th Edition, par. 89.) 2. Provinciaq Boards can only dis.approve such ordinances and resolutions as are beyond the powers conferred upon municipal councils (section 2233 of the .Administrative Code). So long as the municipal council acts within the scope of its legal power as conferred by law, its acts should not be questioned by the provincia'l board (2 Op. Atty.-Gen., 557). The wisdom or advisability of a particular ordinance or resolution is primarily for the municipal council to pass upon and oetermine. If the ordinance or resoilution is within the legal power of the municipal council ! to enact or pass, it ghould generally be sustained unless t here is a clear abuse of power or wanton and capricious exercise thereof. 3. The disapproval of any municipal <lrdinance or resolution by the provincial board should, therefore, be g·enerally premised upon the fact that such resolution or ordinance is beyond 'the legal powers conferred upon the municipal council. In such cas·e, the reasons upon which that conclusion has been reached should be clearly stated inJhe :!"esolution of disapproval by the provincial board. MARCH, 1949 4. If the municipal council is d£.satisfied with the decision of the provincial board, it may appeal to tn1s Officet in the manner provided in section 2'235 of tne Admm1strative Code of 1917. The appeal should be taken in the form of resolution showing the councilors present and absent and the fact that the appeal is taken by a twothirds vote of the council, as required by that section. "Two thirds vote of the council" means two thirds of. all the members of 1he council, including the vice-president. The resolution should specify distincly and clearly the grounds upon which the appeall is taken. 5. The original of the resolution in which appeal is taken, together with certified copies of the disappro'\·ed ordinances or resolutions, including the resolu'lion or resolutions of the provincia~ board disapproving them and aH pertinent papers, including the opinion of the provinciail fiscal, if any was rendered, should be forwarded to this Office, through the provincial board which body shall forward 1he papers LO this Office withou.t unnecessary delay together with ,s.uch comment as it may desire to make on ~he matter. 6. The provincial fiscal being, under tlie law, the legal adviser · of the provinci:il board and the municipal councils, it is suggested that questions involving the legality or illegality of. a particular ordinance or resolution te first submitted to him for opinion, before appeal is taken or the papers. forwarded to this Office. This may avoid unnecessary appeals to this Office. 7. Upon receipt of the pap·ers, this Office wilil pass upon the legality or illega'1ity of 'the ordinance or resolution appealed from, and will either sustain r,r dismiss the appeal declaring the ordinance or resolution in oues.tion ialid Jr void, as 1he case mav be. Jn either case, notice of the decision winl be givw to the provincial board and the municinR· l ronncil. lf'ennirnr the decision of this ()ffi~e. th,, ordinflnc'" or resolu(Continued on next page) Page 183 Our Local ... N!GA:::l!O F. MARIN Provincial Aitditor of- Pampanga Personal Circumstances: Born in GaJump!t, L Bulacan, on April 5, 1893; married to iJ< ellciana Molina of the same town; and their children are Librn.da, A.A., M.D., (U.P.); Jose, A.A., Senior, College of Medicine, U.P.; Arturo, A.A.; 2nd Year, College of Law, U.'P.; Leticia, 2;nd Yr., Pharmacy, Manila Central University; and Nicasio, Jr., 1st Year., College of Engineering, M.I.T. Educat': :onal Attainment: Intermediate Graduate (Valedictorian); 2nd Yr., Bulacan High School ; Engllish and Bookkeeping, JCS; and Higher Accounting, ICS. - ' E:.;periences an'd Activities: Chief Clerk, Assessor',s Off.ice; Land Tax Clerk; Asst. Internal Revenue Clerk; Asst. Bookkeeper; Paymaster; municipal treasurer in Bulacan; chief clerk, Auditor's Office in Bulacan, Tar lac, Gavite and Rizal; bureau auditor, GAO; and Provincial Auditor of Romblon, Abta, 'Bataan, Sorsogon, Quezon, La Union and Pampanga, his present station; ,A,uditor of Hunter's Guerrilla Unit, 1944-4.5; and Member, Malolos Lodge No. 46 of F ree and ·Accepted Masons as Junior Deacon. Hobbies: PoU'ltry raising and! farming. Motto: 'Be the work great or small, do it well or-none at all. (Continued on page 199) -*How to Appeal . .. tion shall have no force or effect. (Seccion 2335, Administrative Code of 1917.) 8. In case of executive orders issued by the municipal presid·ents and disapproved by the provincial board under section 2233 of the Administrative Code of 1917, the same procedure outlined above shall be followed, except that the appeal shall be taken by the municipal president concerned, instead of by the municipal council. (Unnumbered Prov. Cir., Sept. 16, 1918.) lDept. of the Interior P---:e 184 --o - --- - - - - THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW DECISIONS OF AUDITOR GENERAL M . . AGREGADO DELEGA.TION OF AUTHORITY; EXPENSrES, ACTUAL, FOR SUBSISTENCE AND LODGING; APPROV AL.-The payment of .vouchers covering traveling expenses of, public works officials and employees assigned in the provinces and other employees in 1he District Engineer's Office which are paid from provincial funds is governed by section 725 of the Manual of Instructions to Treasurers the ·provi• sions of which are deemed to have been impliedly modified by Executive Order No. 78, series of 1945, in the sense that all conditions prescribed in 1he said Executive Order should now be considered as part of section 725, supra. The Executive Order requires, ainong other things that "no provincial, city or municipal officiail or employee shall make trips outside the province or city without the prior approval of the Department Head concerned" and that ·'payment of expenses for subsistence and lodging actually and necessarily incurred in excess of· the authorized :cates of per diems" should be approved by the Department Head. Under the provisions of.the Executive Order, these requirements apply 1o district engin('ers and their subordinates. This Office in its 2nd indorsement of. March 14, 1946, copy a-t.tached, on a previous case has held that this power of the Department Head is discretionary and as such cannot be delegated to a district engineer or a deputy. Fo.Jlowing the said decision, this Office cannot con:;ider the approval of the District iE:ngineer of 1 Bataan of the trip made and tra i eling expenses incurred by the Property Clerk of his office outside the said province.-4th. Ind; Sept. 12, 1947, to Dir. of Pnblic Works; 3.08 Bataan. CLEAN-UPcWEEK- APIPROPRIATION F'OR PRIZES, DIPLOMAS, ETC. ALLOWABLE. - Section 21(bb) of Commonwealth Ad No. 57 provides . that the City Council of Iloilo may enact ordinances which it may deem necessary and proper for the sanitation and safety, the furtherance of the prosperity MARCH, 1949 and the promotion of morality, good order, comfort, convenience and general w1 elfare of the city and its inhabitants. In vi• ew thereof, this Office will offer no objection to the approval of Resollution No. 121 of the City Council of Iloilo appropriating the amount of three hundred pesos for prizes, diplomas and other expenses in connection with the clean-up-week campaign, provided that baid appropriation is duly approved by r.he Secretary of .Finance, subj•ect to the availability of fund and the usual auditing requirements. The printing of ;,he diplomas wi.]] be made in accordance with exi0 sting regu.Jations governing such kind of work. - 2nd Ind., March 12, 1948, to Sec. of • the Int. PUBLIC FUNDS, USE OF'.-After study of the herein request of the Mayor of Quezon City, to charge the cost of an athletic trophy against his discretionary fund, it is regretted that ihis request cannot be favorably considered for the following reasons: 1. It appears herein that the trophy willl be donated by the Mayor ·to the winners of the tenn'is tournament in ihe town fiesta of Cabanat.uan Nueva Ecija. This expense wil[ not therefore, redound to the benefit a~d welfare of Quezon City and its inhabitants. 2'. Tile tennis tournament in Cabanatuan is purely a private affair to which Quezon City may not' validly spend its public funds. · "A municipality has no power to expend money for other than purely public purposes since any other principle is a taking of private property through the medium of a public off!cial for a private use, which is contrary to fundlamental conceptions of good government." Wheelock v. Lowell, 196 Mass. 220, 81 N.E. 977, McQuillen's Mun. Corp's. 2d ~d. Vol. 5 p. 1275. -2nd Ind., July 2, 1948, of Deputy Aud. Gento Mayor of Quezon City. 'BACK PAY; PER DIE MS . - ~Vhat the 'B'ack Pay Law recognizes is the right of the offiC'ers and employees concerned "to such of their respectiva rnlaries, emoluments, fees, per diems (Continued on next page) ' Page 185 Decisions of Auditor General . .. comP'ensations or wages as have not been received by them by reason of the wa.r x x x." (Sec. 1, Rep. Act No. 304.) The amount of their back pay, therefore, depends on how much they would have received if .the war had not taken p'lace. The payment of per diems to the prewar members of the Board of Directors of the Cebu Porland Cement Company who were at the same time occupying other :positions in the Government, like Mr. Vicente Fragante in the ·instant case, for attending meetings of said Board after March 14, 1941, was suspended by virtue of Executive Order No. 332 issued on said date. This suspension was lifted only when Executive Order No. 95 was promullgated on February 20, 1946. Accordingly, even if the war had not taken place, the aforesaid members of. the Board of Directors of the Cebu Portland Cement Company who were at the Bame time officials of ~ he Government, would nat have received per diems for attending meetings of the • Board which could have been held during- the period covered by enemy occupation in view of such suspension. They are not, therefore, entitled to. back pay uinder Republic ;Act No. 304, in their capacity as members of the aforesaid Board. -1st Ind., Dec. 2, 1948, to Auditor, Cebu Portland Cement Company, Manila. "I LIKE IT" "Gentlemen: Enclosed please find a money <>1'de,· for Pl0.00 for which !'lease send me one year subscription of yoni· paper "THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW" beginning with the first number-Januai·y, 1949. I read this paper from a friend of mine who is a subscriber to it and I like it vm·y much. l would not like to miss a copy of it. Please enter my subscription at once.'' (Sgd.) ANTONIO C. DOCENA, Postmaster-Operntor, Catbalogan, Sainar. r····~:~-;~:~~~·~;--·--1 t Wholesale & Retail ~ ~ Peiiaranda Street, Legaspi City ~ t j .................................... ~ ......... ~.~ Page 186 General Orders ... to the cust~dy of· the mi:Jitary authorities for trial by provost court. 8. The Lieutenant of Police may arrest or order the arrest of P'ersons violating a city ordinance, disturbing the peace or accused of crime; but .no person shall be held in confinement longer than twenty-four hours without a preliminary examination, and no person shall be arrested for non-payment of taxes or for debt. 9. The President shaN render to the Council during the first week of each ;nonth a certified account of collections under each tax, and of disbursements made during the preceding month. Said account having been approved by the Council, shall be forwarded with vouchers to the Commanding Officer of the troops, who shall make and retain a certified copy thereof.. 10. Special appropriations shall require a unanimous vote of the Council; regular dis>bursements may be made by ordinary decree on a majority vote. 11. Whenever the Commanding Officer of troops shall notify in writi.ng the Council that in his judgment a decree issU"ed under sub-divis.ion 3 is inadequately executed, or shalr l make any other criticism or recommendation, the Council will convene as soon thereafter as practicable to consider his communication and shall make written re-ply thereto, which reply, if he deem it insufficient, he shall forward with his remarks through milifary channels to these headquarters. 12. The foregoing provisions, tentative in character, are subject to amendment by enlargement or curtailment as special conditions or dever'.lopment may make necessary. BY COMMAND OF MAJOR GENERAL OTIS: . THOM,AS H. BARRY, Assistant Adiuta.nt General. r•T•••T;·;·;~~·~~T~·~·--•T•1 ~ GENERATOR PARTS ~ ~ Office ~ t 719 Evangelista, Manila i ................................ _ .. ~ THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE PACIFIC AND EIGHTH ARMY CORPS GENERAL ORDERS, No. 43 Manila, P. I., August 8, 1899. The following instructions, is,swed by the commanding officer of tro_ops on the railway line, for the estabhshment of order and temporary government in the towns adjacent to 'lhat line· and within ·\·erritory of United States oco:.ipation, have been a'pproved by the Department Commander, and the same have been adopled as proper measures and regulations ~or the temporary control of all cities and towns which the United States have or may hereafter take posse~8-ion of and hold in cases where civil administration is wanting. They will be put in force by the senior officer of troops present in so far as conditions permit-those officers exercising over the formation of such government and the proceedings under its immediate supervision. They are as fOlllows: 1. In each town there will be a Municipal Council, composed of a Pre'· ident and as many representatives _or headmen as there may be wards or barrios in the town, which shaH te charg2d with the maintenance of public order and the regulations of municipal affairs in particulars hereinafter named. lt will formulate rules to govern its sessions and order of business, connected therewith, and by majority vote (to be determined by the President in case of a tie) will, • 1hrough the adoption of " Jrdina.nces or decrees. to be executed by the President, administer the muni·· cipal government; but no ordinanC'2 or decree shall be enforced until it receives ihe approval of the Commanding Officer of the troops there stationed. 2. The Pres.ident shall be elected by a viva voce vote of residents of the town, approved bv the Commanding Officer, and, together with the headmen or representatives of the Council, $hall hold office for one year. He MARCH, 1949 shall be of native birth and parentage and a resident and property owner of the town. The headmen shall be elected by a vfrci voce vot·e of residents of their wards or barrios and shall reside· and own property therein. 3. The President shall be the executive of the Municipal Counci~ to exe- . cute its decrees issued for the following purposes, viz : To es'.·ablish a police force. To collect taxes and license fees, to act as treasurer ·of public funds and to make disbursement on warrants of the Council. To enforce regulations relating to traffic and the sale of spiribs, to establish and regulate markets, to inspect live stock and record transfers and brands of the same. To perform the duties formerly beJonging to the Lieutenant of paddy fields. To enforce sanitary measures. To establi-sh schools. To provide for lighting the town. 4. The senior headman, or one designated by the Council, shall be VicePresident of the same, assistant to the· President and shall be ex-officio Lieutenant of PO'lice. 5. The headman of a .ward is the delegate of the 'Pres,ident for that ·ward; shall take measures to maintain order and shall have power to r.ppoint two as• s.istants·. 6. The Council shaf..l have no jurisdiction in civil cases., but on the appli-· cation of parties in interest and their agreement in writing to accept the :iward of !he Council it shall hear and decide cases" involving property not to exceed in value $500. 7. In criminal matters the President, representing the Council, shall make the preliminary examination and, according to the result, ctischarge the prisoner or transfer him immediately (Continued on preceding page) Page 187 Republic of. the Philippines COMMISS'ION ON EUECTIONS Manila LIST OF MUNICIRAL OiF'FICIALS iELECT, NOV. 11, 1947 EUECTIONS (Continued from first issue.) PROVINCE OF' ANTIQUE 1 . BARBAZAM,.,yor .... -------Pedro Gindap (N) Vica-Mayor ---· Sr.i:tiago Baghari (N) Coun.cilors: 1. Fermin N acionales (Ind.) 2. Ramon Magtules (N) 3 . Jorge Cruz (L) 4: Fermrin Marquez (L) 5. Natividad Daquila (N) 6. Jose Palacia~ (Ll ' 2. BUGASONGMayor __________ Candido Arangote (L) Vice-Mayor .... Ireneo Pacete (N) Councilors: 1. Emmanuel M. Solis (Ind.) 2. Guillermo Yson (N) 3. Santiago Nietes (L) 4. Jose B. Barce.Jo (Ind.) 5. Vicente Pesayco (L) 6. Anselmo A. 1 Alicante (L) 3. CALUYANO ELECTION 4 . CULASIMayor Paterno V. Javier (N) Vice-Mayor _ ___ Francisco Magsipok (N) Councilors: 1. Esperanza C. Frigillano ( N) 2. Esperanza S. Javier (N) 3. Ambrocio Janairo - (N) 4 . Santos Alon (L) 5. Solomon Turrecha (N) 6. Jesus Salazar (L) FOR QUALITY - *Military Insignia , *Police Badges & Ornaments *R.O.T.C.-P.M.T. & College Bucl<les · *Fraternity Pins & Rings S E E 5. DA 0 - Mayor ---·-- _Simeon Y. Abiera (Nl Vice-Mayor ..... Genaro F. Cazeiias (N) Councilors: 1. Laureano Dolloso (N) 2. Juan L. Draper (N) 3. Sotero F. Valddlon (N) 4. Claudio Ysulat (N) 5. Adriano Tarroja (N) 6. Melchor S. Faderguya (N) 6 . L!AUA-ANMayor _____ Baltazar Necesito (L) Vice-Mayor _ ___ F ilomino Bandiola (Ind.) Councilors: 1. Leon Jungco (Ind.) 2. Emigdio Tandoy (L) 3 . Teodorico Labanon (Ind.) 4. Consorcia S. Baladhay (Mrs.) (L) 5. Macario Moises (Ind.) 6. Federico Minguez (L) 7. 'P.ANDANMayor ___ Dalmacio Dy Buco (N) Vice-Mayor ____ Alfredo Alonsagay (N) Councilors : 1. Mariano S. Dioso (L) 2. Delfin E. Rodillon (L) 3. Miguel Dionela (N) 4. Sofronio E. Sanchez (N) 5. Sofio Varon (N). 6. Quintin C. Dioso (N) 8. P0 A.TNONGONMayor ............ Anselmo Alvaniz, Jr. (N) Vice-Mayor ____ Adriano Reguniel (N) *Trophi<:S & Award Medals *Wall & Table Brass Signs *Commemorative Plaque *Notarial & Corporation Dry Seals, Etc. G. C. VALDEZ 1425 Rizal Avenue , Manila Tel. 2-96-77 Page 188 THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW Counci101·s: 1. Perfecto V. Panaligan ( L) 2. Marcelo Mosquera, Jr. (N) 3. Delfin Bajalan (N) 4. Delfiri M. Lancara (N) 5. Vicente Tingson (L) 6. Anselmo Elio (L) 9. SAN JOSEMayor .......... Silverio V. Nietes (Ll Vice-Mayor .... Cal!llino Q. Balonon (L) Councilors: 1. Julio Moscoso (L) 2. Juan Ban using (L) 3. Perpetuo Lot ilia ( L) 4. Quirino Checa (L) 5. Enrique Capistrano (L) 6. Quirina Banusing (L) 7 . Domin:_:o Natividad, (L) 8. Wenceslao Sumaculob (L) 10 . SAN REMIGIOMayor ............ Silvestr .· E . Udani (L) Vice-Mayor .... Constancio R. Race (N) Councilors: 1. Leoncio H. Ca'.;rillos (N) 2. Laureano Tabaque (L) 3. Serapio Mission (N) 4. Briccio Marfi) (N) 5 . Isidro B. Bermudes (N) 6. Calixto Mella (L) 11. SIBALOMMayor ............ Tiburcio Tubianosa (L) Vice-Mayor .... Esperidion Morales Aiiovert (N> Councilors: 1. Norberto Ovivir ( N) 2. Jovito V. Naranjo (N) 3. Dionisio C. Marfil (N) 4 . Juan 0. Venegas . (L) 5. Damaso M. Geraldes (L) 6. Jose E stellena (L) 12 . TrB'IAOMayor ............. Deodata Lim Bandoja (Ind.) Vice-Mayor .... Inocente ~ Garcia (N) Councilors : 1. Federico D .. Ruiz (N) 2 . Heriberto Bandoja (N) 3. Francisco Baguioro ( N) 4. Procopio Modesto (L) 5. Serafin E . Sua-an (L) 6. Pastor Dava (N) 13. V ALDERRiAMAMayor ........... Basilio Pagayonan (L) Vice-Mayor .... Leon Mandiga! (L) MARCH, 1949 Councilors : 1. Teodorico, P. Romero (L) 2 . Pacifico Castillon (L) 3 . Dionisio Espina (N) 4. Leon Vitudio (L> 5. Prudencio Jawed (N) 6. Antonio Pido (L) IPROV'INCE OF BATAAN 1. ABUCAYMayor ............ Anastacio A. Valencia (L) Vice-Mayor .... Antonio C. Soriano (L) Councilors : 1 .. Ciriaco Manlapid (L) 2 . Artemio Caragay (L) 3. Maximino Magat (L) 4. Cirilo 'Mercado (L) 5. Francisco Rubiano (L) 6. Felix Pabustan (L) 2. BAGACMayor ........... Angel M. de! Rosario (L}Vice-Mayor .... Apolinario Malabanani (L) Councilors: 1. Tomas T. Bugay (L) 2 . Prudencio Mendoza (L) 3. Emiliano Cascasan (L) 4. Alfonso Marquez (L) 5. Pedro Baciles (L) 6. Apolinar Arellano (L) 3. BALANGAMayor ............ Pedro R. Dizon (Ll Vice-Mayor .... Silvino B. de la Fuente (L) Councilors : . 1. Crispulo Torrico (L) 2. Leonardo Quezada (L) 3. Ricardo Villegas (L) 4 . Jeremias B. Mendoza (L) 5. Leandro Nicdao (L) 6. Bernardo Villanueva (L) 7. Domingo Javier (L) 8. Jose Escudero (L) 4. DINALUPIHANMayor .: .......... Ramon Estanislao (L) Vice-Mayor .... Francisco Mallari (L) Councilors: 1 . Teodorico M. Vianzon (L) 2. Pablo 0. Reyes (L) 3. Miguel Cristobal (L) 4. Juanita Marcelino (L) 5. Atanacio B. Reyes (L) " 6 . Quintin Sta. Maria (L) Page 189 5. HERMOSAMayor ........... Estanislao S. Ramos (Ll Vice-Mayor .... Arturo B. Inton (L) Councilors: 1. Julian F. Agustin (L) 2. Agueda Yandoc (L) '" Roman C. Sison (L) 4 . Antonio Almario (L) 5. Clemente Nuguid, Jr. (N) 6. Juan .Malai:a (L) 6 . LIMAYMayor ............ Domingo Perona (L) Vice-Mayor : ... Apolinario Labrador (L) Councilors: 1. Igmedio San Pedro (L) 2. Leopoldo Peralta ( L) 3. Pedt·o Reyes ( L) 4. Tomas Vi tug . (L) 5. Pablo Ambrosio (L) 6. Magdalino Tiangco (L) 7 . MiARIVELESMayor ........... Silvestre Yroala (L) Vice-Mayor .... Gerardo Cuizon (Ll Councilors: 1. Felix Viray (L) 2. Ciriaco Macatual (L) 3. Placido Calimbas (L) 4. Narciso de Guzman (L) 5. Liberato Concepcion (L) 6. Nicanor Sla. Cruz (L) 8 . MORONMayor .... ····- .. Isidoro G. Sulaiigi (L) Vice-Mayor ... Primo Valdez (L) Councilors: 1 . Gregorio Dizon (L) 2. Pedro Duran (L) 3. Bonifacio Domingo (L) 4. Roman Natividad (L) 5 . Vidal Tria (L) 6. Crisanto Batungbacal (L) 9 . ORANIMayor ............ Silvestre Dionisio (L) Vice-Mayor .... Paulino Tguico (L) Councilors : 1 . L<1renzo Ramos ( L) 2. Felipe Roberto (Ll 3. Eleuterio Flores (L) 4. Claro Quiambao (L) 5. Jose Alberto (L) 6. Jacinto Rodriguez .. (L) 10. ORIONMayor ............ Agustin L. Angeles (L) Vice-Mayor .... Pedro E. Pangilinan (L) Page 190 Councilors: 1. Pedro B . . Cruz (L) 2. Dominador Angeles (L) 3. Jose E. Vitangcol (L) 4. Pedro de Leon (L) 5. Balbi.no de Guzman (L) 6. Quirino Quicho (L) 11. PILAR12 . I: 2. Mayor .. ......... Joaquin R. Banzon ( L) Vice-May<1r .... Mariano de Jesu~ (L) Councilors : 1. Miguel Enriquez (L) 2. Pedro Perez (L) 3. Vicente Pizarro (L) 4 . Teodoro Pizarro (L) 5 : Buenaventura Paguio (L> 6. Monico Crisostomo (L) SAMAL-Mayor ........ .... Melchor R. Guevara (L) Vice-Mayor Jaime A. Oconer (L) Councilors: 1. Catalino R. Dato (L) 2 . Pascual Rodrigu!!Z {L) 3. Saturnina Saldana (L) 4. Marcos· Gonzales (L) 5. Doroteo Siasat (L) 6 . Felimon Magpoc (L) PROVINCE OF BATANES BASCOMayor .... --· Rami0n Castillejos (L) Vice-Mayor .... Juan B . Escalona (L) Councilors: 1 . Pedro Villeta (L) 2. Manuel Ruiz (L) 3 . l\1ariano Dasilao (L) 4. ) Vacant ·as only 5. ) 3 · councilors 6. - - - -- ) were voted for. ITBAYATMayor ............. Domingo Dita (N) Vice-Mayor .. Anton'o Valiente (L) Councilors: 1. Raymundo Castillo (Ind.) 2. Leoncio Pana (Ind.> 3 . Aurelia A. Ponce (L) 4. Nazario Dierra (L) 3 . IV!ANAMayor ........... Joaquin Castano (N) Vice-Mayor .... Sixta Cabal (N) Councilors : 1. Emeterio Agana (L) 2. Elias Bartilad (L) 3. Jose Bartilad ( N) 4. Jose Javier II (N) THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW 4. MAHATA.0Mayor ........... J osc Avancena ( L) Vice-Mayor .... Juan Fain (L) Councilor&: 1. Angel Meriel (Ind, ) 2 . Vicente Cari (L) 3. Dionicio Carpis (L) 4. Jose Fagar (L) 5. SABTANGMayor ...... .-... Jose Imperial (Ind.) Vic~·Mayor . (Non filed certificate of candidacy) Councilors: 1. Eliseo Gari (Ind.) 2 . Valentin Baro (Ind.> 3. Rafael Gabotero (Ind.) 4. (There were only 3 candidates for councilor.) 6. UYUGANMayor ... . .. Juan Elica (L) Vice-Mayor ... Teodorico Ydel (L) Councilors: 1. Vicente Elica (L) 2. Domingo Duguran (L) 3. Juan Anay (L) 4. Modesto Valiente ( L) PROVINCE G1F B.ATANGAS 1. .A.LITAGT AGMayor ............ Anastacio H e r n a n • dez (Ind.) Vice-Mayor .... Julian Holgado (Ind.) Councilors: 1. Esmeraldo Adan (Ind.) 2. Pio Adelantar (L) 3. Rafael Coronel (Ind.) 4. Isabelo Calalo (Ll 5. Marcelino Hernan.dez (Ind.) 6. Agapito Casalla (L) 2. BALAYANMayor ... Rufino B. Lainez (L) Vice-Mayor .... Antonio de Castro (L) Councilors: 1. Norberto I. Maglunog (L) 2. Pablo L. Solis (L) 3. Baltazar A. Magsino (L) 4. Pedro de Castro ( L) 5. Benigno J. Torres (N) 6. Felix Magahis (L) 7. Pedro N. Ocson (L) 8. Troadio Frontera (L) 3. 'BATANGASMayor .... Roman L. Perez (L) Vice-Mayor .... Atilano Magadia (L) MARCH, 1949 Councilors: 1. Romana' Dimaano (L) 2. Julian Pas-tor (Ind.) 3. Pedro Tolentino ( L) 4. Juana C. Lira (Ind.) 5 . Leoncio F. Arceo (L> 6. Gabriel D. Gomez (L) 7. Galicano Dinglasan (L) 8 . Sixta F . Caedo (L) 4. 1 BAUANMayor ... ......... Jose Daite (L) Vice-Mayor .... Dominador A. Anis (L) Councilors: 1. Mario Bejasa (L) 2. Galicano R. Cordova (L) 3. Ponciano Binay (L) 4. Severino A. Garcia (L) 5. Cesar P. Buendia (L) 6. Ricardo Abante (L) 7. Ciriaco Ingco (L) 8. Maria C. de Aranas (L) Mayor . Conrado V. Macatangay (L) Vice-Mayor ... Si,xto Marella (L) Councilors: 1. Eusebio Comia (L) 2. Filomeno G<>mez (L) 3 . Florentino Esteron (L> 4. Roque Nobleza (Ind.) 5 . Juan Asuncion (L) 6. Pedro Cortinas (L) 6. CALATAGANMayor ............ Olimp'o Sayo (L) Vice-Mayor .... Jose M. Gaisip (L) Councilors: 1. Isidro Mendoza (L) 2. Blas Basco (L) 3. Apolonio Pedraza (L) 4. Pablo Tolentino (L) 5. Juan Hernandez (L) 6. Juan Macalindong (L) 7. CUENCAMayor .: .•... ... Pedro Pasia (L) Vice-Mayor ... Eustacia C. Cuevas (L) Councilors: 1. Vergilio C. Remo (L) 2. Nicolas M. Atienza (Ind.) 3. Francisco C. Pasia (L > 4. Vicente Aguila (L) 5. Victor Arada (L) 6. ·cayo Loria (L) (To be continued) Page 191 Resolutions of the Conference of Provincial Governors and City Mayors held in the City of Manila on January 21-21, 1948. (Cont. from 2nd issue.) No. 19. sanitatiion and beautification; WJHE:REAS, this Young Republic of WHEREAS, -the provincial and city ours, affor it so creditably and nobly governments are also financed out of earned and obtained. its independence, their own res:pective revenrnes and inhas been admitted as mE:mber of the come; association of Sister Nations, known WHEREAS, in order to work out and as the United Nations Organization; dnitiate new ways and means to imWHEREAS, being a Member of said prove the present method of urbaniza~rganization, the Philippines has been tion, sanitation, beautiification and to broughb up in the lime-light through !increase revenues and income raising the able representations of Honorable projects for the improvement and best Carlos P. Romulo, permanent repre- interest of. the provinces and cities; sentative of the Philippines to the Unit- The Provincial Governors and City ea Nations Organization in ·all the con- Mayors now in convention in the City ferences and meetings of that grand of Mani1 la, with the foregoing considand august body by aibly working, de- nations, pending and fighting for lthe improve- RESOLVED, as it hereby resolves, ment and best interest of the smaller to request His Excellency, the Presindependent nations; ident of the Philippines, to appoint 3 WHEREAS, the probl~ms and mat- City Mayors and 3 Provincial Governters affecting the world today may also ors from Luzon, Visayas· and M1 indaaffect this young Republic of ours ei- nao for the .purpose of. sending them ther directly or indirectly; · abroad to study and report on ways and WHEREFORE, this Body of Gov- means of improving urbanization, sanernors and City Mayors, with the fore- litation and beautification in the provgoing consid'eraitiions and desfrous of inces and cities and that of initiating knowing events obtaining in the world ways and means of increasr ing income today for the information and guidance and revenues to the benefits of the of al'! concerned provinces and cities. RESOLVED, as it hereby resolved, RESOLVED FURTHER, that the that the Chairman, the Vice-Chairman Members of. this Committee should renand the Secretary are hereby charged -... aer their reports about their findings with inviting Honorable Carlos P. Ro- .. to the Governors and City Mayors mulo, Ambassador of the Phi.Ji:ppines upon· their return to the United Nations Organization, to RESOLVED FDNALLY, to forward speak before this Convention, to ap- this resolution to His Excellency, the prise us of events obtaining in the President of the ·Philippines, Manila. world tocl'ay, as he, more than any- for his information and favornble conbody else, is in a position to .give the sideratiion. much needed information. Carried RESOLV.EU :FURTHER, to- furnish a copy of this resolutiion to the Chairman, Vice-Chairman and Secretary of this Convention for their information and guidance. Carried. '. No. 20. 'WHEREAS, the provincial and city governments are run almost independently of the National Government specially with respect to urbanization, Page 192 No. 21 WHEREAS, the By-Laws and ConJtitution is the mos:t important document that any group, partnership or association must possess wherein its aims, purposes, functions, program of activitlies, .Jlimitaitiions of action, etc., are set forth, definedl and stressed; WHEREAS, this conference of Provincial Governors and City Mayors now in Manila, si·nce its opening, has not THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW . · -' ' ~\S yet and is still without any by-laws and constitution along which it must work and funobion; WHEREAS, it is imp:eratdve that this B'ody of Provincial Governors and City Mayors must have by-laws and constitution for the purpose stated above, WHEREFORE, BE lT UNANIMOUSLY RESOLVED, as it hereby resolves, that the Board of Directors, which membership had been increased from i;even to eleven, is hereby des.ignaited to draft the constitution and by-laws of the Conference of Provincial Governors and City Mayors . along. which this Body must necessarily work and function. RESOLVED ;FURTHER, that the By-Laws and Constitution herein pro~ posed to be draf• ted by said Board of Directors must be submitted tio the conference for approval and ratificat ion. . Carried unanimous,ly. No. 22 WHEREAS, in prewar days, in the year 1940 or 1941, there was a junket ()f Governors aimed at fostering mutual and better u. nderstanding among urovincial executives for ,the best in·terest and welfare of. their respective -provinces; • WHEREAS, in .Jine with the aims and purposes for which this convention has been called, that of promoting better understanding among Governors and City Mayors and working solidly for the ·improvement and best interest of the various provinces and cities, lt is necessary that governors and city mayors should set on an 'im:rpection tour t hroughout the Islands to see and get first hand informrution of good things obtaining in the different places for introduction to their respective prov°inces and cities; WH.E:RE-FORE; this Conference of 1'rovincial Governors and City Mayors, with the foregoing ·considerations unanimously ' RESOLVED, as it hereby resolves, MARCH, 1949 to request the Honorable, ,the Secretary of the Interior,. Manila, to fix a day for an educational, observation and inspection tour to be ·undert~ken by 'Provincial Governors and City Mayors throughout the Philippines for '.he purpose above stated. I,t is however suggested that the month of April is the most convenient t>ime, it being a stormless month. . RESOLVED !FURTHER, that the "xpenses to be incu.rred incidernt thereto· win be taken from the appropria'dons for the offkes of governors provided with discretionary funds and the .'.'otal expenses. to be divided among the governors and C 'ity mayors pro rata. RESOLVED FIN\A.LLY, to forward this resolution to ~he. Honorable, .the Secretary of the Interior, Manila, for his information and favorable' cons>ideration. · Carried unanimously. , No. 23 WHEREAS, Executive Order No. 175, series of 1938, of the President of the Philippines, provides that provincial governors and city mayors are responsible for the efficiency of police forces and the execution of, laws; WHE:REAS, provincial governors do not exercis·e direct supervision over police forces in 1.hat the power of appointing members of said police forces resides with. the respective municipal mayors, hence the former are directly respons>ible and foya:l to the latter; and in the sense tha-b the power of inrvestigating members thereof for any offense or misconduct, which was previ~ ously entrusted in the municipal coun· cils, was transferred to the provincial . commander following the organization of the state police ; WHEREAS, in line with the policy provided in said execut>ive order ,No. 175, ib is necessary that provincial governors be given a more direct control a!1d sui;>ervision over police forces, .s>pfcially m matters of appointing and inves· tigating the members therElof; WHERE1 FORE, this Conference of Provincial Governors and City Mayors Page 193 now in convention • in the City of Manila, with the foregoing considerations• , unanimous.Jy RESOLVED, as it hereby resolves, to request His Excellency, the President of ithe Philippines, to amend Executive Order No. 175, in the sense that Provi.ncial Governors should be given a more direct control and supervision over po1'ice forces specially in matters of appointi.ng and investigating members thereof. RESOLVlE:D FURTHER, to forward this lJesolution to His Excellency, the PFesident of the Philippines, Manila, for -his information and favorable conllider).tion. Carried unanimously. . No. 24 WHEREAS, it has bee'n observed that long delay has been caused by securing the approval of the Department Heads concerned on the Provincial and Munici• pal Budgets already approved by the Provincial Board and Municipal Councils, respectively, thus giving rise to paralyzation of impor1tant government activities, and WHEIREAS, there are laws· and regulations promulgated governing the preparation of ·Provincial and Municipal 1 Budgets which should be complied with, Upon motion by Honorable Perfecto 'Faypon, Governor of Bbcos Sur, the Provincial Governors and City Mayars in convention today, RESOLVED, as it hereby resolves, to eliminat• e the approval of the Departmernt Heads on the Provincial and Munidpal Budgets once they are approved by the resipective Provincial Boards and Municipal Councils and duly approved by the Provincial Treasurer with respect to the Municipal Budgets in accordance with the laws :>.nd regulations governing the prepar:>.tion and approval' of Provincial and Municipal Budgets to give immediate effects to the 01peration of said budgets. In case of appea.I with respect to Municipal Budgets, ithe action of the ;provincial Board shall be final. Carried. No. 25 WHEREAS, the granting of more Page 194' aufonomy to provincial and city governments is one of the primary aims for which this converntion has been , called; IWHEIREAS, r there are several bills which will be introduced in Congress the purposes of which is to grant provincial government more autonomy; WHEREAS, there had been created ::t legislative committee, the function of which is to work for tihe passage in Congress of ihiH:s introduced in this Body for the purpose; WHERE.AS, the grarnting to provincial executives broader power of a;ppointing · provincial employees irrespective of funds to which the salaries. for the positions to be filled are charged, whether general, road and bridge, school, agricultural or health fund, is in a large measure towards the realization of granting more autonomy to nrovincial governmeuts; . WHEREFORE, this !Body of Provincial Governors and City Mayors now in convention, with the foregoing con~ siderabions and believing in the wisdom of ·granting the provincial governors the power of a.ppoin.ting provincial' employees irrespective of the funds to· which the salaries for the posiitions to be filled are chargeable, for the better functioning and coordination of the different offices under the provinciar governments, RESOLVED, as it hereby resolves, that the legislative committee works for the passage in Congress of bills proposed by this Body with regard to t.he granting of more local autonomy, specially in that which treats in the granting to Provincial Governors of the power of appointing provincial employees, which power is present1 ly not grl'.nted to them, for the better functioning and coordination of the different offices under the provincial governments:. ~ ............................................................ 1 ~ DE LUXE BAZAR & ~: ~ CHIN TAY TRADING ~ ~ I ~ Lega'Wi City ~· ~ ..................................... ~ ................................... ~ THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW RESOLV,EU ·FURTHER, to furrnish copies of this resolution to the . Cha;irman and Members of the Leg1slatrve Committee for their information, guidance and appropriate action. Carried unanimously. No. 26 WHEREAS ,there had' :been created and organized fo, this Body a legislative committee, the func:;tion of which is to follow up and ·work for the passage in Congress of biUs and measures aimed at the improvement and for the bes:t interests of the provinc·as and cities·; WHEREAS, ·the work erntrusted to this committee is such that it requires the atbendance of the chairman and members thereof in every sessiou- of Congres·s in order that it can with suc.cess accomplish its work; l\VHEREAS, in order to insure 1 bhe attendance always of a chairman and in order not to overwork the ipresent chairman of this committee, ib is necessary that a co-chn:irman be designated so that this important committee may with success ably work for the pas·sage in Congress of bills which are of paramount importance to the provinces and cities; This Conference of Provincial Governors and City Mayors now in converntion, with <the foregoing considerations, unanimously RESOLVED, as it hereby resolves, to designate as it hereby designates ihe City Mayor of Manila as Co-Chairman of the Legislative Committee herein for the best interest of the provinces and cities; RESOLVE:D FURTHER, to furnish copies of this resolution to the Chairman, Legislative Committee of this Convention and to the Mayor of. the City of Manila, for their information and g'Uidance. Carried unanimously. No. 27. WHEREAS, the help. assistance and facilities extended to rthis Conference of Provincial Governors and City Mayors by the Honorable, the Secretary of the Interior and all the officials u.nd employees of the Department of the Interior had been instrumental in FEBRUARY, 1949 bringing this convention to a successful end; · WHEREAS, this Body of Provincial Governors and Cilty Mayors in convention assembled is fully aware of the fact that the outcome of this conference would have been otherwise had it not been for the invaluable ser;vices anid assistance extended to this Body by said officials and employees; WHEREFORE, this Conference of Provincial Governors and City Mayors, with the foregoing considerations, and helieving that credit must go where it is due, unanimously RESOLVED, as it hereby resolves, to extend by means of this resolution this Convention's most profound gratitude to the Honorable, the Secretary of the Interior, Manila, and' aH his officials and employees, in due cognizance for their invaluable services, help and assistance in bringing this conference to a successful end. RESOLVED FURTHER, to forward this resolution to the Honorable, the Secretary and the Undersecretary of t.he Iinlberior, Manila, for their information and to all Chiefs and Assistant Chiefs of Divisions of the Department of the Interior, for their information, requesting that the conternts hereof be transmitted to the empl'oyees under them for their information also. Carried unanimously. No. 28 . WHE.;REAS, any partnership, entiiy, cor>poration, or associrut.ion can only be expected to stand' on its feet an_d continue to function if. and when it is financiall'Y sound; WHEREAS, the financial stability always deserves priority considerat.ion i;1 the organizrut.ion of any such entity, corporation or associaton if it is to be expected to render efficient service without which nothing could be done or accomplished; WHEREAS, this Conference of Provincial Governors and City Mayors bein~ an association which seeks to work for the improvement and welfare of ~he ivarious provinces and cities: WHEREAS, such being the case, this Body must necessarily be provided with funds to finance its various activ'Page 195 " OFFICE OS: THE PRESIDENT OS: THE PHILIPPllU.\> MALA.CANAN PHILIPPINES HERALDRY COMMITTEE' ACTUAL SIZE 4PPROVEO av AUTHOl\ITY OF TM£ PRUIO&Ni CJ.GOLD • ~!..U1:. ~~l\!il Rl:.1>1\H §i ~fo·flA~! ~&.~l.'Ut FOR ,.K! PHILIP ~TA -uicuiivE.-~CRETARY- ( T~CHMICAL. CON&UL.TAH AND ACTIMS SECliU!.T~Y 'jk;{)/~1 .... >.·;. Page 196 THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW ities and undertakings rt:o insure successful and beneficial results.; WHERElAS, since the operning of this conV'ention nothing has been said or considered with respect to its finances-how it would be provided with funds to take care of its essential needs; WHEREAS, this Conference of Provincial Governors · and City Mayors with the foregoing considerations and Jknowing the absolute necessity of rproviding this as·socirut.ion with sufficien: funds to finance its various activities and undertakings so as to achieve fruitful and beneficial results, unanimously RESOLVED, as it hereby resolves, that each and every me.mber must pay an initial fee of 1'10.00 and a monthly fee of P5.00, the same to be paid out of funds as the individual member deems wise. RESOLVED 'FURTHER, to furnish copies of this resolution to the Treasurer and Auditor of this Association for their information, guidance and appropriate action. Carried unanimously. No. 29 WHEREAS, under Executive Order No. 92, current series, of • the President of. the Philippines, provincial, chartered city and municipal governments are authorized to grant living bonus to their officials and employees for the fiscal year ending June 30 1948 not in excess of rates fixed by the' National Government for its officers and employees; and WHEREAS, the spirit behind this executive order is to ameliorate the living conditions of the low-salaried officials and employees, and WHEREAS, the conditions which required or necessita"ted the issuance of thi.s executive order still exist in the provinces, chartered cities and municipalities and will continue to exist for some time because, on account of the serious disruption and disfocation of ;their financal structur1es as: a consequence of the last war, very few, MARCH, 1949 if any, could well afford to stand on their feet to finance, out of their ordinary income, the essential' activitie.q of their resrpective governments, much less ~he payment of bonus to their officerR and employees, without national aid, and WHEREAS, it is 'imperatively necessary to give adequate compensation to all government officials and employees (National, provincial, chartered city and municipal) in order, not only to maintain good efficiency in, but also to enhance the morale of, the service, and WHEREAS, to enabJ.e the province:::, chartered cities, municipalities and/ or municipal diRtricts to carry out their essential operational activities du-ring· .:these trying days of economic recovery and rehabilitation, and to help in th~ .social, moral and material rehabilita·cion of their resrpective officials ·and employees, it is necessary that they 8hou! ld be aided somehow by the National Government until complete nor;nalcy is regained, now, therefore, Upon motion by Honorable Perfecto .Faypon, Provincial Governor of Ilocos Sur, the Provincial Governors and .City Mayors in convention, with the foregoing considerations, unanimously RESOLVED, to petition, as it hereby petitions, His Excellency, the President of the Philippines, to . authorize the grant and immediate relearn ot'. sufficient amount of National Aid to aJ.I provinces, chartered cities municipalities an·d municipal districls in ,,rd'er to heJ.p them build from the ruins of the war and to enable their respective governments extend the benefits of. bonus to their low-salaried officials and employees in the same way as the Na:tiional Government is doing to its own ·officials and empl'oyees. RESOLVED FURTHER, to create a committee of three from the Governors and City Mayors irn Conwntion, to r.,resent this petition to His Excellency, ~.he President of the Philippines, and to request favorable and early consideration. Carried unanimously. Page 197 No. 30. WHEREAS, since the operation of Fishery Act No. 4003, as amended by Comrionwealth Act No. 471, the income of the municipalities along the sea coast suitable for fishing purposes hi.s been greatly reduced due to the fact that the fees collected from fishing l"Lstruments are very much less than when said waters ·are leased to the highest bidders, and WHEREAS, it has been found out t.hat. the fishermen prefer to pay certain per cent Qf their catch than to pay fees for their fishing instruments which they considered high; Upon motion by Honorable Perfecto Faypon. Governor of Ilocos Sur, the Provincial Governors and City Mayors :n convention, knowing that such :neasure is for 1he common advantage of both the Municipal GoV'ernments and the fisherman, RESOLVED, as it hereby resolves, to petition the Congress of the Philippines, thru the Honorable, the President of the Senate and the Honorable, rthe Speaker of the House of Representatives, Manila, recommending favorable consideration. RESOLVED FURTHE1 R, to forward -.this resolution to the Congress of the J>hilippines', thru the Secretarlies of ·.the Senate and the House of Repres•entatives, Manila, earnestly r<equesting :appropriate action. . parried. No. 31 WHERE;AS. the Congress of the Philippines knew the necessity of improving the lot of the low-salari·ed municipal officials and employees when 1t passed Republic Acts Nos. 103 and 168 increasing the salaries of said officials and employees; and r·~::;;~:n~~:;············~·~···1 ~ LOY'S BAKERY ~ ~ & GROCERY ~ City of Naga Philippines ~ ~··~···················· .................. ~ WHEREAS, the great majority of i:he municipalities in the Philirppines cannot gi·ve the full rates fixed in the e.bove-mentioned Acts in view of Section 2299 of the Revised Administrative Code which limits the amount expendable for salaries and wages to the mjustice and disappointment of the municipal officials and employees. affected; . WHEREFORE, the Provincial Gov~ ernors and City Mayors now in convention, with the foregoing considerations unanimously ' RESOIJVE<D, as it hereby resolves, to petition the Congress of the Philippines to pass a law repealing Section 2299 of <the Revised Administrative Code so that the poorly paid municipal officials and employees may be able to enjoy the full benefits granted by Republic Acts Nos. 103 and 168. While it is true that, with the approval of the Depat'tment Head, the Provincial Board may authorize every municipality in the province to exceed the percentage under such limitations as may be prescribed by resolution of snid Board, this step will' bring a Jong delay as it will have to pass thru several channels bdore final action can be taken, necessitating several months or sometimes a year before said officials and employees can get the increases of their salaries. RESOLVED FURTHER, to forward this resolution thru the Secretaries of the Lower and Upper Houses, to the Congress of the Philippines, Manila, recommending favorable consideraUon. Carried unanimously. No. 32 WHEREAS, it has been experienced that deservfog officials an'1 employee' of the government service who were tendered promotional appointments had to wait until the time they received their appoi•ntments duly approved by the Departmnit Heads concerned, and ihe Commissioner of Civil Service, before they could receive their salary increases; and Page 198 " ,.-- - THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW ·Our Local ... Activities ... WHEREAS, said appointment had to go thru various stages of action before they are finally aipproved and released and sent back to the offices of origin ; and WHEREAS, the • PN!sent siystem of waiting to get incN!ases of salaries and wages until the promotional appointments are aipproved has been found to be long and sometimes it takes several months or a year until said appointments are approYed and in some cases promotional appointments are lost thereby making the anicious official or employee disappointed: Upon motion by Honorable Perfecto Faypon, Governor of Ilocos Sur, The Provincial Governors and City Mayors in convention, today RESOLVED, as it hereby resol·ves, to petition the Congress of • the Philippin•es, to pass a law authorizing immediate payment of salary increases once an appointment is issued, prov'ded there are appropriations and funds for the • purpose and provided further that copies of said appointmenrt.s ar? MARCH, 1949 RAMON. DE DIOS Mayor of Tayug, ·Pangasirw..n Personal Circumstances: Born in Asingan, Pangasinan, on June 3, 1891; married; son of a member of the early Cabeza de Barangay. Educational Attainments: 3rd Yr., Normal Course; A,ttended summer classes in Lingayen, Pangasinan, Manila, and Baguio. Experiences and Activities: Municipal Teacher, 1910-1931; Employed in Hda. Hnas. Nable Jose in 1931; Notary Public in Tayug; Leader of the Labor Union of the Tenants of Hda. "El iPorvenir", Tayug; E'1ected Vice-Mayor, 1940. furnished to the Department Heads concerned and the Commissioner of Civil Service. This shall also hole' true to newly created positions in the sense that it can l:;e immedia1tely filled 0nce said positions are created and approved and there are appropriations therefor. RESOLVED FURTHER, to forward this resolution thru the respective Secretaries to both Houses of. Congress, Manila, earnestly recommending favora bl'e consideration. Carried unanimously. No. 33 WHEREAS, Section 79-D of the Administrative Code provides among other things, the followin: g: "The Department Head, upon the recommendation of the Chief of thf Bureau or office concerned, shall' appoint all subordinate officers and employees whose appointment is not expressly vested by law in the (Governor GJneral) Presid'ent of the Philip:pines, and may remove or punish them except as specially provided otherwise, in accordance with the Civil Service Law." Page 199 WHEREAS, the said provisions are also made applicable .to Chartered Citieti; · 1 WHEREAS, more often than not, City. employees whose appoh1tments are made by Department Heads do not have any sense of-foyalty and dependence to the loca1' administration and in most cases show a foelirng of. false ipride and arrogance hr holding positions ;which they do not owe to local administration resulting in conflicts of policies; and often times in exhibition of conduct unbecoming a public servant, borderfog on insubordination and disrespect to local officers; . WHERELAS, His ExcelJency, President Manuel A. Roxas, in his address before this convention, has urged for more autonomy to provincial and city governments, calling atten.tion to all Governors and city mayors that 1 they represent the National Government in their respective jurisdictionl'3, and that they are responsible for the success· or failure of the local administration; Page 200 WHEREAS, such a delegation of responsjbiJity would be difficult of compliance unless impl'emented with a correspoi:iding delegation of authority; WHEREAS, all City Mayors under their respectiive Charters are authorized to appoint all other employees and laborers of the City whose appoitment is not vested in the ·President of the Philippines, and therefore, there is' no plausible reason why any official, employee, or laborer under any depar.tment of the National Government may not also be so appointed by the Mayo1· inasmuch as upon their work depends in a large measure the success of the J'ocal administration, in cooperation with the policies of the Mayors.; WHEREAS, to secure loyalty and cooperation of City employees to and with the local administration, i1 t is imperative and absolutely necessary with "All subordinate officers and employees whose appointments are not expressly vested by law in the President of the Philippines", be appointed by the City Mayor; NOW, THEREFORE, be it resolved to request the Philippine Congress to amend Section 79-D of the Admin~s irative Code by providing that Chartered Cities are and should be excluded from the operation and effect of said 8ection. R,EiSOLVED !FURTHER, ito forward this resol'ution to His Excellency, the President of the Philiippines', Manila, to the President of the Senate and' to the Speaker of the House of Representati.ves, Manila, for their information and favorable action. Carried unanimously. There being no more business, the meeting adjourned. I hereby ·certify to the correctness of the above-quoted minute8. (Sgd.) PERFECTO FIA YPON Secretur'!} ATTESTED : (Sgd.) MANUEL CUENCO President THE LOCAL GOVERNM~NT REVIEW CONGRATULATORY MESSAGES (Continued from 2nd issue) The Local Government Review is the very magazine desired by the Provincial Governors .and City Mayors in their last Conference and I have no doubt that it will aid them JY!.Uch in the administration of their respective provinces and' cities, considering that 'the Editors are offic:aJs who have had long -"Xperience and ·demonstrated knowledge in local government and finance administration. -Hon. PERFECTO FAYPON, Provincial Gove1·no1· of /locos Sur and Secretary, Cc·nference of Provincial Governors a~·Hl City Mayo.,.s. Allow me to congratulate you for the . publication of the magazine "Local Governtnent Review" which in iny opinion fills the 11eeds of many provincial and municipal offi . . cials.-Atty. LADISLAO PALMA, p,.ovincial Audito1· of Cebu. In my considered judgnoent the Local Government Review is not a magazine but a contlensed code wherein em1 ployees, more espe~ially officials who are always busy, may iind a handy reference on laws, rules and rulings that are of commoh use in the daily -discharge of their duties and responsibilities. I recommend its reading by all employees and -0fficials particularly Provinc'al Governors.Ilon. ALFONSO V. USERO, Prc'Uincial Gov. e7·1wr of Catand"iuines. As a matter of fact the first issue was a "hit" to a number of local officials.-Alty. ·CRESCENCIO P. B.1SCO, Provincial Secretary of La Union. I rate your paper as excellent and am soliciting subscription thereto from my friends.-JESUS E. ZABATE, Actg. Asst. City Treasurer of Cebu. It gives me great pleasure to congratulate you on your first issue. It contains matteJ.'S i·egarding much needed information.-EMILIANO Q. MIRAS, Administrative Depidy, Office of the Provincial Treasurer of Marinduque. :i·····~;~~·~;~·;·~~~~~;·····i ~ Lian Hua & Company ~ '~ P. 0. Box No. 18 Rizal Street ~ .t Legaspi City • £ ........................................................................... .J MARCH, 1949 - MEMORANDUM for- . EV1E'RY CITIZEN [Excerpts from Speeches of His Excellency ELPIDIO QUIRINO President oJ the Phil!ippines] This is the era of the 0ommon "tao" not only in , the ,Philippines but in many parts of the world as well. For this reason the Philippines, if it is to keep abreast of the times, :should base its fundamental poHcy on the improve~ ment of the lot of the common man.At the Plaza Juan del Salcedo, Vigan; !locos Sur on Jan. 25, 1949 . * * * Politics is a curse to the progress of the country and a hindrance to our program of reconstruction. . .. This · is not the ag-e of politics but of eco110mics. This -is not the age of obstruction but of construction, not of rivalry :but of national charity."-At Laocig, /locos Norte on Jan. 28, 1949. * * * The happiness of the most privileged being can never be secure where the common man fails to find satisfaction for his basic grievance-the Jack of the e'lementary necessitie~ for a life of relative decency, dignity an·d growing fulfiHment.-At the Special Commencement Exercises of the University of the Philippines on February 12, 1949. , ..................................................................... ~. • • • • • • ~ Compliments of ~ • • • • . '. ~ EL MOROCCO ~ • • • • ~ ·When in the City of Naga ~ ~ Lodge at the Best Hotel ~ ~ South o~ the tPasig j ............................................................................................................................... ~ Page 201 AVAILABLE AGAIN ! ! ! WHAT: April Draw Sweepstakes Tickets. WHEN : Tickets Are Now On Sale. COST: P31.25 Plus Twenty (20) Centavos for internal revenue stamps per booklet of ten tickets. Order by mail should include Ninety (90) Centavos for registered airmail expenses for the first booklet and Thirty Centavos for every additional booklet, if mailed together. PROFIT: P8.55 to authorized agents for every booklet sold, besides the five ( 5) per cent ~eller's prize plus one ( 1) per cent bonus if full quota is subscribed, for selling any of the winning tickets from the First Prize down to the Eighth and Charity Prizes. - -»000«- - JUNE 26, 1949 DRAW Sales Ouota P3~000,000 WATCH FOR ANNOUNCEMENT OF ISSUE OF TICKETS FOR THE JUNE 26, 1949 DRAW SAVE A LIFE AND WIN A PRIZE PHILIPPINE CHARITY SWEEPSTAKES 1893 Rizal Avenue, Manila Tels :-2-73-91 2-73-95 2-73-96 2-78-72 P a3'e 202 THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW HOROSCOPE*----Were You Born in March ? MARCH 1 A sensitive disposition and an ardent lover of nature is born on this date. Your inclination is to trust too freely, ~eeing faults and weakness in none. You will do well in work in outdoor recreational cente1·s. . MARCH 3 A lover of good literature and a fondness for fine i·eading make one born this date well fitted to succeed in teaching or writing. Yours is an ever· p€rsistent search fo1· knowledge that will prove your power. MARCH 5 Bo.rn of this date is !:able to allow a benevolent nature to get , the best of him. Your interest lies more in gh-ir.g than in getting. Liberality should be tempered with reason, with more watchfulness of self-interest, MARCH 7 You have a ki.ndly disposition and a strong sense of justice. If you apply yourself in the proper direction you will find yourself associated with brg·e projects. You can go. far as a labor organizer. MARCH 9 Being emotional and sensitive you should cultivate cheerful companions whose life interests run parallel with yours. Born of this• date suggests good fortune in handling financial deals. You are a great lover. MARCH 11 Do not become satisfied with your easy achievements. Raise the goal of what you expect of yourself and concentrate on going higher up the ladder of success. Others think more of you than you do. MARCH 13 You have the ab'lity to gi·asp details and should endeavor to find a position which will take advantage . of this active trait of m·ind. Factory manageme:ilt or accounting will justify your efforts. MARCH 15 Patience and forbearance are the virtues of this day's child. Your first field of endeavor would be as• a nurse or physician, a teacher or in eccles:astical work. Success would be soon yours if you would cease procrastinating. *From NYAL MARCH, 1949 MARCH 2 . You are an advocate of independence and are against anything which has to do with the subjugation of the multitutle in favor of the minority. Study and practice will give you your op· portunity. MARCH 4 You have a credulous nature w:th a love for travel, but you confine yourself to routine affairs if the motive is e.trong enough. Apply yourself to litm:ature, the stage, or the diplomat:c service. MARCH 6 Such a courageous and daring nature should be embed, lest it react against the accomplishment of your own aims. Your dete1·mination to succeed can readily be misunderstood as selfishness. MARCH 8 Don't allow the shortcomings of others to alarm you and look· not for perfection. Your wisdom and understanding raise you above most of your associates. Think more of yourself and a little less of others. MARCH 10 If this is your b!rthday you are apt tc be considered eccentric. You should cultivate the powers of obse1·vation, and control yourself against selfishness. Numerous responsibilitie.S will come later. MARCH 12 Born th:s date you must ~urb a·· tooselfish interest in the accomplishment of yoU1· own desires. Give more hee.d to the opinions and wishes of others. You will be inclined to be a lone worker. MARCH 14 Your love of nature, animals an·] growing things should find great happines with a sizable family on a farm. Your life should be lived out of doors where a delicate constitution is made rugged. MARCH 16 Born of this date yon have a fond11ess for routine and office work with a liability to burv your talents in de· tail work that ob~-cures your real ahL lity to meet People and become expe1t in salesmanship. Page 203 MARCH 17 MARCH 18 The friendships which you so readily Others' opinions and small talk must rnake in such large numbers should be not affect your sensitive makeup. You turned to you1· financial good. Having worry too much over the problems of a deep understanding of human nature your friends and spend too much highly" you can do well in matters of life in- nervous energy worrying over things surance. that never exist. MARCH 19 MARCH 20 Your love for travel may take you Persons born on this date are loyal into strange places. You may hest tu their friends, sincere, sentimental, 1·ealize your hopes in navigation pro- sympathetic-have a love for nature, jects, constructural engineering, as a especially flowers. Successful in graphtravel guide or missionary in foreign ic arts. Should cultivate more selfrands. E:~teem. Cultivate brown-eyed girl friends . . MARCH 21 MARCH 22 Devote your best efforts to the teach- Being a good analyst of people and ing or organizing of physical develop- conditions you should do well in law ment of life. Sales promotlon, and ad- or in most any commercial pm·suit. vertising should bring wonderful returns Yours is a lucky day and fortune will for your efforts. Play in the open if smile on you. Be especially careful of possible. your health. MARCH 23 MARCH 24 Born of this day you are better fitted Yours should be an ambition to deto rule than be rnled. Your positive sign and create with your natural taste mind will not easily bend to the opin- for the artistic and your practical sense ions of others. Guard your inclinations as applied to values in style. The comagainst hard dealings and driving of merc:al arts have a place fo1· you. I others. -----MARCH 25 MARCH 26 Your fight will be to learn the Jes- A Financier, enjoying confidence of son of toleration and i·espect for th• oil dealing with you-this came from feelings of others. With your self-will your own efforts- r. poor boy who suryou are also self-conscious and easily mounted obstac]c3 by de!1ying yourself cffended. Seek a better understanding luxuries of life you reached your e·,. in religious devotion. viable pos:tion in the business world~ MARCH 27 MARCH 28 The inclination to slight details and There is co:ir~ge and conviction with follow the easiest way is liable to be a very strong determinat:on to see '" characteriRtie of one born on this thi~gs through to a ::;:.::ccessrful concludate. Practice on handling things of sivn. Impatience t0 f::<::e results causes r elatively small importance. mt;c!i unhappiness. This person should be very good. MARCH 29 MARCH 30 Here is a heart that is slow to drop Born on this elate best results should the old for the new, a faithful friend be attained in the culture or plant life of dependence. Success will come more or in agricultural pursuits. Yours is from persistent plocding than from a the love of the open places and a d!sspectacular turn of events. Sho' Id d· tin ct distast~ for crowds and excitewell in church work. n:ient. MARCH 31 "It's good to have money and the You are very generous. often g1vmg things that money can buy, but . it's time to the problems of others that good, too, to check i<p once in a while woufd better be applied to your own. and make sure you haven't lost the Train yourself to concentrate and avoid things that money can't buy." diversified interests. Psychology will assist you. -George-Horace Lorimer. Page 204 THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW