The Local Government Review

Media

Part of The Local Government Review

Title: The Local Government Review
Issue Date: Volume I (Issue No. 6) June 1949
Language: English
Subject: Local Government--Periodicals
Rights
extracted text: JUNE 1949 THE BEST LIKENESS OF DR. JOSE RIZAL Accvrding to a board of judges cornposed of ve1·sons who knew the Filipino h actual life and to the testimony of his two sisters,· D01la Narcisa and Doila as reproduced by the D-M-H-M Newspapers on the 77th anniversary of the OJFICE OF TME PRUIDEMT OF TMl PMILIPPIMI.$ MALACAteAM PHILIPPINES MERAL.DRY COMMITT'EE COLOR GUICE : AC11JAL SIZE DETAIL Of CENTRAL FICiURE APPROVED FOR TME PH~HEftA\.DRV BV AUTMORl'TV OF TM&.PRES\OEMT ~~~~~T-:...J. .. 1• £X£CUTIVE S£C TA r<. w./" -~~L~-~~T-~=-~~~~~ _ TECHNICAL CONSUL.TAN AMO AC1'J6 ~E~Al't /ti,. ff/.. rl. - · ·· The LOCAL GOVERNMENT. REVIEW Approved by Secretary of Finance, Director of Public Schools, Director of Private Schools, and Director of Public Libraries "'""""""'"" '"'"'"'""'"'"""""""''"""l"""""'"'""""""""'''m1 111111unm11111"""""'"""'"""""""""'""""""""""""""""""""""""" ""'"'"'"""'"'"'"'"""""""'"'""'""""""""'""""""""'"""""""""""'u11111111111m11111 """"""'"""'"""'n""'"'"""'"''"""'""'"'"'""'"""''"""""'""'""''"'·"ll"""""""""""'""'"""'""""'"""""'"""ll"'"'"""""'""'"'""""""""""'"""""""""""'""""""'"""""'"""'""""'"'"m1111111111111<1111111m11111111111111111> VOL. I, NO. 6 JUNE, 1949 ONE PESO """'"""""""""""""'"'"""""""""'""""""""""""'""""''""'"'"""""""'"'""""""""""""""""'""""'""'"""""""'"""'"""'"""""""'"'"''"'"'""h"'"""""""'""'"'"'"""""""'"'""'""""''"'""""'"'"""""""'""""" "~'""'"'""'"""'""'"""""'"""""""'"""'""'"'""""""""'"'"""""""""""""'""'""""""""'""""""'""""'""""""""""''"'"''""""""'"'"""""'"""""'"'"'"""'"'""'""""""'""""'"""""'""""'""""""""""'""'""""'" PETRA 0. RIVERA Bnsi111ess Manage.r JUAN F . RIVERA-Edito1· G. L. CANLOBO Advertising Manager JOSE R. COLLANTE-Associate GOVERNORS, MAYORS, TREASURERS, AUDITORS, FISCALS, DIVISION SUPERINT_ENDENTS OF SCHOOLS, DISTRICT ENGINEERS, DISTRICT HEALTH . OFFICERS, AND AGRICULTURAL SUPERVISORS-Contributing Staff ....................................................... ,. ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ,, ...................... . ........... ~ .............. ,,,,.,,.,,,,,, .. ,, .................... !"'''"'"''''""'''''"'"'''"'"'''''""'''""''''''""''''"""""'"""""''"''""''""""'''"'"''''"'"'""""''"":''''"" "'"""''"'"~'"""'''"""'''""'''''""''''''""'''''""''"""''"'"''''""''''"'''''""'''''. TO THE PHILIPPINE YOUTH J ose Protasio Rizal Hold high the brow serene, ' 0 youth, where now yon stand; Let the bright sheen 0 f you1· face be seen, Fair hope of my fat/wrlandf Come nc·w, thou geni1ts grand, And brfrig doum inspiratfon; With thy mighty hand, Swi,fter than the wind's vola,tion, Ra,,.,,·se th e eager 'mind to higher ed11cation. Come down with pleasi1;g light Of art and science to the fight, 0 yoi<th, and there untie The chains that heavy lie, Y our spirit free to blight. See how in flaming zone Amid the shadows thrown, The Spaniards holy hand A crown's resplendent band Proffers to this Indian land, Thou., who now 1vouldst rise On wings of rich emprise, Seeking front Olympian skies Simgs of sweetest strain, Softer than ambrosial rain; Thou, w~iose voice divine Rivals Philamel s refrmn, And with varied line Throi<gh the night benign Fl'ees m.Ol'tality from vain; Thou, u·ho by sharp strife Wakest thy 1nind to life; And the memory bright Of thy genius' light Makest immortal in its strength ; And thou, in accents clear Of Phoebus, to Apollo dear; Or by the brush's magfo art Takest from nature's store a part, To fix it on the simple canvas' length; Go forth, rind then the sacred fire To spread around the fame, Of thy genius to the laurel rn,ay aspire; A rid in victory acclairm, Through wider spheres the human n_ ame. Day, 0 ha;,py day, Fafr Filipinas, for thy land! So bless the Power to-day That places in thy way This favor and this foi·tnne grand! Translated by Charles Derbyshire (Courtesy of Mr. Dominador L. Marq~ez) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW is published monthly by Mrs. Petra 0. Rivera with Atty. Juan F. Rivera, Chief of the Provincial Division of the Department of the Interior, and Mr. Jose R. Collante, Provine/al Treasurer of Davao, as Editor and Associate Editor, respectively, Entered as second class mail matter at the Manila Post Office on January 24, 1949. SUBSCRIPTION RATES:-Re!l'·lar P12 ; Special-1'10 for the national and local governments, schools and libraries, and government employees and students; Fore'.gn countries- double domestic rates. BUSINESS OFFICE :-Corner 50 Laon-Laan and 83 Tuazon Avenue, Sta. Mesa Heights, Quezon City, PRINTED BY BUSTAMANTE PRESS, 514 P. Gomez, Quiapo, Manila JUNE, 1949 Page 301 FILIPINO YOUTH DAY OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT Malacaiian Palace PROCLAMATION NO. 75 SETTING THE 19th OF JUNE AS FILIPINO YOUTH DAY WHEREAS, the 19th of June is the. birthday of the greatest Filipino hero, Dr. Jose Rizal; WHEREAS, Rizal in his life and writings always looked to the Filipino youth as the "fair hope of the Fatherland", addressing his most inspiring appeals to them to consecrate their golden hours to their country's service; WHEREAS, it has become a general practice throughout the nation to mark Rizal's birthday with programs and ceremonies designated to set up his life for lasting emulation by the youth of the lan<J,; NOW, THEREFORE, I, Elpidio Quirino, President of the Republic of the Philippines, do hereby designate the 19th of June as Filipino Youth Day. All schools, public and private, religious institutions, civic organization, city, provincial and municipal communities, and individual citizens, are hereby enjoined to observe this day with appropriate activities to relate the life and works of the hero to the aspirations of the Filipino youth and lead them to dedicate their lives to the pattern of service eslablished by the immortal hero. Done in the City of Manila, this 19th day of June, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and forty eight, and of the Independence of the Philippines, the second. (Sgd.) ELPIDIO QUIRINO President of the Philippines 'ly the President: Page 302 (Sgd.) EMILIO ABELLO Executive Secretary THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW r::::::::::::::::::::::~::::::::::::::::~;::::::~:~:~· :~~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::ii ~hh;ir~~t'~3t::l~htat~IY~;h~l;d~}fl:lil[h~lfd~il;b~;::t~h~oi~{~~~:~t;eh~~~~l i.:.I w ose s ree s 1 e c 1 ren w1 aug an p ay ecause ere 1s no mg to make them afraid. ii =~~~ri::. ::~:.~. '£:;,~~~~ :.~ :;>::;':.~ ~":~·~::: ra~~:~ II him to go slow for fear that he may "start s9mething." II :WANTED: A MAN. •. One who has the courage to foregather with those who believe as II he does about civic and social purity and justice and who is ready to !! make common cau.se agairnst stand-patters, soft-treaders, sickly sentimen- !.-,.!.-,, talists, and all that .tribe that pretends to find comfort in the fallacy _ that "God's in His heaven- all's right with the world"-even though .. little children are needlessly dying, poverty-stricken wome.'1 are wearing !! their hands thin and making their hearts sick by degrading toil, and w:hen I! whole communities are living below the level demanded by a decent civil- i! ization. II WANTED: A MAN. A man, who h~vi.ng seen the mountaintop vision of a city made glorious because it has been purified through the wholesome efforts of its citizens, will come down .to the plain and say to his fellows: "Come on -let's do it," but who will do it whether anybody comes or not. WANTED: A MAN. One who will take risks an<l dare defeat, but who truly believes that the day has not gone by when "One shall chase a thousand and two put ten thousand to flight." WANTED: A MAN. One who still believes in humanity, in spite of its frailties, its i.ngratL tude, its shortened memory, its spinelessness and all those weaknesses that flesh is heir to; a man who will remember that Jesus gave Himself for just such "weakJings" - lived with them, loved them, died for them; a man, therefore, who will remember that "A servant is not greater than his master." WANTED: A MAN. One who has in him the stuff of which martyrs are made, which goes i.nto .the composition of heroes, but who never thinks of himself as a hero or martyr. · WANTED: A MAN. Just one man. Not an army, nor a battalion, nor a regiment-not even a company. Just one man- that's all! One man. One such man in your town could work wonders. He could remove mountains. He could lift valleys. On~ man. HOW\ ABOUT YOU? ~~ n II ii g§ i! ~ ~ II II Ii §§ ~~ ~ ~ §~ ·"'''"""'''""'"'"''"'"""""'''''"'''"'"'"'""'"'"'""""""'"'"1!""'''"''""'"'""''QHIHllllHllUllHHllllUlllllllll•H1H•HHllllllHlltlllllll!Hl.,mt111111111111111111111MllllHllHllHIHlmM1t11>~c1•111HHl!HIHtlHllllllHll::::i.:::::~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::~:~;.~ ~ .JUNE, 1949 -Page 303 EDIT0Rl4LWHERE LOCAL GOVERNMENTS ST AND TODAY The local governments must be stable, yet they should not stand still. They must be responsive to the facts of growth and change. This appears to be the main characteristic of local governments in America and in Europe. In those countries, social engineering has been given emphasis since the inception of this century. Here, in the Philippines, the growth of local governments has been very slow. It fits in the expression "social lag" as a description of government's habitual failure to keep abreast of what the social situation requires. The raison d'etre of our local governments remains as of the days of Datos Puti and Marekudo-the · Protohistoric Period-modified by the various regimes that governed this Archipelago to suit their purposes mainly as agencies of the central governments. Spain developed a municipal government by building up the barangay into the socalled encomienda system with the pr1~mary function of collecting taxes for the central government. This medium of municipal administration was improved upon by the American regime by making its institutional structure subject to popular suffrage. But the functional activities remained the same - to serve the central government. Such situation continued to this day through the Commonwealth regime with the observed trend to convert the local governments into political wards of the central administration or the political party in power. There is much truth in the statement that government, like a clock, goes because of the motion which men give it. Our foremost hero, Dr. Jose Rizal, expressed that thought this way: "Like people, like government". So, a government remains static or compartmentalized if the men directing it possess, in the recent words of the Honorable Prospero Sanidad, "antiquated mentality of the one track order" or "timid intellects hesitant to explore more progressive terrain" and are, there/ ore, "as much of a curse as downright anemic mentalities are . to the service". In other words, they are saturated with too much bureaucratic air -officious, indifferent, suspicious, overbearing, detached and aloof. They are inclined to exact rules above service and regulations above. customer satisfaction. They fail to face the situation, to keep abreast of what the social situation requires, or to respond to problems that society creates. Page 304 THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW It is high time that municipal governments must be evaluated in terms of the service rendered to communities of citizens rather than in terms of the pride and pomp of bureaucrats. Modern government is a matter of providing assistance and fulfilling wants rather than one of power and control. We must, accordingly, be willing to vest in the municipalities powers that are flexible to provide in the fullest sense for the civic welfare of their inhabitants. Continuous lack of power may destroy both the desire for service and capacity to make use of it. There must be more assistance and direct service to the public and pr:ogressive detachment from the "rule" attitude of government. This also ?Jteans the need of general revision or broad construction of our provincial and municipal · laws, particularly the former, not exclusively by men of cloistered competence but in collaboration with men of practical, fresh outlook and engineering mind. "The expert should be kept on tap, not on top." - J.F.R. T he City Mayors with the President of the Philippines (centel' ) at the Guest House Lawn, Baguio, May 5, 1949. JUNE, 1949 Page 305 YOU LFARN WHILE YOU EARN * There's rhyme and there's reason in . that statement of International Correspondence Schools advantages · to · you. The courses of these famous schools are especially designed for study · i·n your spare time. At work you prove and apply what you learn. This system is backed up by 56 years of I. C. S. experience in training men in virtually every industrial and business field. It works so well that analysis shows about 99 % of today's 100,000 active I. C. S. students are holdi·ng down jobs while .they study. Many of. the men now filling top positions in commerce 11nd industry ob· tained their business or technical trai• ning from I. C. S. in just that way. What they achieved in their spare time, you can in yours. Start now-as they did-by mailing this coupon: INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOLS Dept. 20-2, 406 Samanillo Building, Escolta, Manila Without obligation, please send full particulars about the course which I have marked with an X: TECHNICAL AND INDUSTRIAL COURSES -Architect -Architectural Draftsman -Building Estimating - Contractor and Builder -Structural Draftsman -Structural Engineer -Concrete Engineer -Electrical Engineer -Electric Lighting -Welding, Electric and Gas -Reading Shop Blueprints -Telephone Work - Radio with Equipment -Mechanical Engineer -Mechanical Draftsman -Machinist--Toolmaster -Civil Egineer -Highway -Patternmaker - Wood Engineer -Metal --Bridge Engineer -F~undry Practice -Bridge and Building -Sheet Metal Worker Foreman -Boile1·maker -Surveying and Mapping - Heat Treatment of Metals -Mathematics -Sanitary Engineer -Chemistry -Plastics -Aviation Eng, -Coal Mining -Auto Mechanic -Navigation -Plumbing -Heating -Cotton Manufacturing -Air Conditioning ~Woolen Manufacturing -Refrigeration -Manufacture of Pulp -Steam Engineer and Paper -Steam Electric Engineer -Industrial Supervision -Marine Engineer BUSINESS TRAINING COURSES -Business Management - Secretarial Work -Stenography and Typing -Accountancy -Salesmanship -.:r;rade School Subjects -Traffic Management -Advertising ·-High School Subjects -C. P. Accounting -Business Correspondence -Spanish -Bookkeeping -Lettering Show Cards - French DOMESTIC ARTS AND SCIENCES -Professional Dressmaking - Makine: Smart Clothes -"'oo~s an<! C:ookerv and Designing for Self -Serv'ng Foods for . Profit -Advanced Dressmaking Name ....................... .. .................. Age ..... Address .............. . Occiipation Page 306 THE LOCAL GOVERNME.NT REVIEW TOWN PLANNING By the Urban Pl.anni1!g Commission FACTORS TO I HE CONSIDERED IN THE SELECTION OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL SITES 1. AREA: The size of the site should depernl not only upon enrolment and kind of school but also upon the recreational needs of the students. (a) The site must be wide enough to make adequate provision for ath. letic fields, playgrounds, lawns, agricultural activities. and future building extension. (b) The minimum requirements as to standard area of sites for elementary schools are indicated below : (G. 0. Memorand:.im No. 39, s. 1938). One-half hectare (1/ 2 Ha.) for a barrio school which has only one or two classes and no grade above grade II. One hectare (1 Ha.) for a central school which has not more th~.n four classes or for. a barrio school which has from two to four classes. Two hectares (2' Ha.) for schools which have from five to seven classes, inclusive. Three hectares (3 Ha.) for schools which have from eight to ten classes, inclusive. Four hectares (4 Ha.) for schools which have more than ten classes. 2. LOCATION AND AGCESSIBILiITY : Central location relation to the present or future distribution of population to be served. (A1 .neighborhood unit of from 600 to 1000 families will normally require an elementary school). The site must ·be well located and easily acc,;ssible. It should be accessible to t.he greatest number. llt might be best to locate the site ·Some distance from the town in order to provide equal accommodations for outlying settlements. In urban planJUNE, 1949 ning, children of elementary school age should not be required to walk farther than 400 to 500 meters. The school .site must have a suitable frontage on a public road, jJre· ferably on a quiet side street, if it is in the city. Sites having irregular boundaries should be avoided for obvious reasons. The site should not be shut in from the main highway by private property. It should not lie behind dense grovE1> of .tall trees, nor where it will be surrounded by swamps and irrigation ditches. 3. SANITATION: The site must be well ·drained and sanitary. It should be removed from such insanitary conditions and undesirable surroundings as public markets, slaughter-house5, garbage dumps, swamps, and stables for animals. 4. TOPOGRAPHY AND ELEVATION: The topography must be such that a satisfactory athletic field can be laid o:it. The general contour of. the land should be level and sufficiently e 1 e v a t e d . 1 P'rovisions must be made for ample lawn areas in conjunction with proper settings for the buildings. ln other words, the site must be an agricultural land that require min_ imum expenditures of labor for grading, filling, and drainage. 5. SOIL: The soil should be suitable for some form of gardening or agricultural work. G. RELATION TO MAIN STREETS OR THOROUGHFARE: Elementary school children should not be -exposed to the dangers of thoroughfare traffic and should not be made to cross railroad lines (at grade). 7. RELATION TO SURROUNDING AREAS: Children should not be required to cross business or industrial disPage 307 tricts to reach the school. The site should be removed from objectionable features such as noise, odors, dust, heavy traflic highways, cock-pits, jai,ls, dancehalls, bowling-alleys, ship-yards, railroad yards, manufacturing and industrial establishments, and localities of questionable character. It should not be located near military barracks, .fire stations, hos· pitals, and cemeteries. School buildings might convenient. ly be grouped with other public or semi-public b:iildings and school p1-aygrounds might be combined with neighborhood parks or playfields. 8. ORIENTATION: . The site should permit the proper orientation of the school building to secure the best ventilation and light. F ACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE SELECTION OF PUBLIC MARKET SITES ~ AREA: One (1) hectare is the minimur.'1 area required by an average community of about 20,000 people. 2. ACCESSIBILITY: To be readily and easily accessible, to producers and consumers alike. and should usually be located near the central shopping district. It should never be hedged in between the industrial and commercial areas. 3. TOPOGRAPHY AND ELEVATION : Land to be sufficiently level anci not subject to floods. 4. RELATION 'WITH THE STJ RROUNDING AREAS: (a) The site should preferably be within the limits of possible expansion of commercial areas. (b) It should be easily accessible from the neighborhood units it is to serve. (c) It should relate well with the present and anticipated arrangement of main thoroughfares and transit facilities. To avoid traffic congestion and undesirable inter· Page 308 ference with other commercial and business activities, the market buildings and tiendas should be sufficiently far from thie main road. The approaches to the site should be carefully planned. (d) Generous space .should be provided for parking motor and animaldra wn vehicles, either on the site or immediately adjacent thereto. (e) Provisions for drainage and the disposal of refuse should be carefully studied. ---»:«--PRONUNCIAMENTOS CAYETANO ARELLANO.-It is by the municipality that a nation begins, and in it are embedded the rudiments of the three powers that rule the State in general. - »«GREGORIO AR ANETA.-Let Faitn Le the light to illumine our intellect, Charity the lever to move our Will and Hope for a Higher and Everlasting Life, the nectar to quench the thirst of our nm bi lion. - »«GRACIANO LCY' r 'EZ JAENA.--fWe have to rely upon ourselves alone fO'l' our own progress and regeneration. - »«RAF'AEL P ALMA.--What makes man's greatness is not devotion to pleasures which, after all, are transient, but it is the good done to 1he Cqmmonwealth which makes his .name ever be remembered and his memory revered long after his bones have crumbled to dus1. - »«APOLINARIO MABIN II .-The science of governing does not con.si1 st in knowing how to choose t he best and the most perfect form, but the most useful and expedient. -»«r ......................................................... l ~ MANILA DIESEL PARTS ' ~ SUPPLY, INC. ' ~ 648 & 662 Evangelista, Quiapo, Manila ~ ~ Branches : Cebu-Bacolod-Davao ' ~ ............................................................... ~ THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW EXECUTIVE DETERMINATIONS CONDONATION OF LOANS-NO LAW AUTHORIZING.-There is no Jaw authorizing the condonation of foans. However, Republic Act No. 205 remits the interest which accrued from January 1, 1941, to June 13, 1946, on all obligations contracted by the local governments in favor of. the .national government or of any governmentowned or conti:olled corporation and extends for a period' of four years and six ·months the payment of such obligations.-6th Ind., Undersecretary of Finance to Mun. Coumcil of Sta. Barbara, Pamgasinan, dated November 11, l948. EXPENDITURE OF MUNICIPAL SHARE IN THE GASOLINE AND MOTOR VEHICLE F'UND -INTERVENTION OF DIRECTOR OF 1 PUB· LIC WORKS NOT NECESSARY; DISTRICT ENGINEER TO ACT IN ADVISORY CAPACITY.-RespectfuL Jy returned to the Honorable, the Secretary of the Interior, Manila, with che information that the fund given to the Municipality of ·Bobon as its shares from the gasoline and motor vehicle fund as provided for in Commonwealth Act No. 466, as amended by Republic Act No. 314 may be expended ·by the Municipal Council of Bobon, Sa· mar for the construction and maintenance of its roads, str0 ets and bridges, without the intervention of this Office. It may be stated in . this conmction that the District Engineer shall act in an advisory capacity upon re· quest by the Municipal Council in con· nection with the construction, repair ;::nd maintenance of the roads and bridges of the municipality, pursuant to Section 1912 of the Revised Administrative Code.-4th Ind., May 3, 1949, of Dir. of Pub. Works to the Sec. of the Int. VOLUNTEER GUARDS AND AIR RAID "lARDENS-SERVJCES O:F1 CONSIDERED HONORARY .AND A RESPONSE TO PATRIOTIC DUTY. -* * *, please be advised that in acrnrdance with the letter from the OfJUNE, 1949 fice of the Presiaent, dated June 27, 1946, quoted in the Unnumbered I P'rov· incial Circular, dated July 8, 194.6, of this Department, volunteer guards and air raid wardens are not entitled to compensation, their positions being considered honorary and a response to patriotic duty.-From letter dated May 31, 1949, of the Undersecretary of the Interior to Mr. Paciano M. Miralles of Alamigalang, Leyte. OFFICIAL RANK OF MUNICIPAL MAYOR TO I B:E MAINTAINED.-.Jt is noted that the salary of the municipal mayor is lower than that of the municipal treasurer, contrary to the spirit of Republic Act No. 103. It is therefore suggested that steps be taken so that the official rank and salary scale established in said Act could be main+ained.-From letter dated May 26, 1949, of Undersecretary of Finance to Mun. Council of Lilio, Laguna. TRANS:FER • FROM PERMANENT PUBLIC IMPROVEMENT FUNDWHEN M1A Y BE MADE.-This Department is not inclined to recommend tavorable consideration of the salary increases as provided for in the attached supplemental budget No. 1, gen· era! fund, of the municipality of Ma: bitac, Laguna, it appearing that the amount being made available therefor is ta:ken from the permanent public improvement fund, by transfer to the ['eneral fund. As may be noted from the existing provisions of law (Sec. 2291 (A) of the Administrative Code), :; portion of the permanent public improvement fund not actually needed may be transferred to the general fund only for the peremptory needs of the municipality.-lst ln.d., dated Feb. Z, 1949, of Sec. of Int. to Sec. of Finance MUNICI'P'AL BUDGETS AN D PLANTILLAS, APPROVAL OF' BY PROVINCML TREASURER NO LONGER NECESSARY.-If has been :ioted that you have been approving, r.s it used to be before the enactment of Republic A ct 238, municipal budgets and plantillas submitted to your Page 309 office. As under this Act municipal budgets and plantillas do not require the approval of the Provincial Treasurer you should simply forward them to this Department, with your comment and recommendation, .when submitted for action in accordance with Section 648 of the Revised Manual of Instructions to Treasurers.-Letter dated May 14, 1949, of Undersecretary of Finance to the Provincial T1:easurer of Sa11mr. MUNICIPAL TREASURER'S REVENUE ESTIMATE-LIMIT OF INCREASE THEREOJF BY MUNICIF1AL COUNCIL.-Your revenue estimates from land faxes (current and preceding years) and municipal licenses appear to be inflated. Under Republic Act 238 you may inerease the revenue estimate made by your municipal treasurer by 20 % thereof, only. As your budget does not show the estimates made by the municipal treasurer, the estimates made by you may be considered as in order if the same do not exceed the aforementioned percentage. Otherwise, said budget should be adjusted accordingly.-From letter dated May 4, 1949, of Undersecretary of Finance to Municipal Council of Zumarraga, Samar. POSITION OF ASSISTANT SANITARY INSPECTOR-CREATION OF BY MUNICIPALITY CANNOT BE iAPPROVED.-The position of assistant sanitary inspector can not be approved, as under existing law such positions are to be paid from the provincial health fund to which each mu· nicipality has to contribute. If the provincial health fund is not in a position now to maintain an additional vosition of assistant sanitary inspector for that municipality, the contribution cf that municipality to the said fund may be increased by such amount as may be needed for that purpo~e. The provincial board may then be requested l:o create the position needed. The rernlution of the provincial board should be submitted to this Department as usual.-From letter dated May 4, 1949, of Undersecretary of Finance to the Municipal Council of Borongan, Samar. Page 310 CAESAR'S WliFE SHOULD BE ABOVE .SUSPICION PUBLIUS CLODIUS, Roman patrician, made ,Jove to Caesar's third wife, the charming Pompeia. To outwit Caesar's mother ·Aurelia, who kept close watch on her daughter-in-law, the young profigate in the disguise of a singing girl ventured into Caesar's house while the Roman women were celebrating the festival of Bona (goddess of the earth). If detected, he risked death, for it was a capital offense for a man to pollute these ceremonies with his presence. 1-Iiis voice betrayed him to be a maid, and he was thrown into the street. News of the scandal quickly spread, and Caesar promptly divorced Pompeia. He asserted at the trial, however, that he knew nothing of her alleged [•.ttachment to Clodius. Why, then, he was asked, had he cast her off? !Because Caesar's wife should be above suspicion, he replied. Satisfied with having vindicated his honor, Caesar refused to sanction the prosecution of Clodius, probably because the culprit was a useful agent of his own policy. By direction of the senate, however, .the reckless gallant was ·put on trial, but escaped convicton by bribing his judges-with money which, the historian Merivale suspects, he ob1.ained through Caesar himself. CREDIT THERE is a bit of good, sound philosophy in the following sign recently observed· in a Chinese laundry: You want credit, Me no give, You get sore. You want credit, Me g,ive, You no pay, Me get sore; B~tter you get sore.-Scholastic. 1·~:=~~-~1~-::~~1 ~ City of Cebu ~ i ............................................................................. ~ THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW FISHERIES ACT [Act No. 4003 as amended by C. A. No. 471] (Continued from May number) ARTICLE VIL-Sponge fisheries SEC. 38 Limitation to collect or gather sponges and other aquatic products.-Except as provided in this 2rticle, no person~. associations, or corporations shall be allowed to collect or gather sponges, seaweeds or other minor aquatic products from the sea bottom or reefs in the territorial waters of the Philippines. Persons gathering seaweeds, trepand, corals or other minor aquatic products, except sponges and certain species of the genus degenea for personal -use even inside concessions, may be allowed, provided, that the daily amount of such products gathered by them does not xceed five 1dlograms. (As amended by C.A. 471-1) SEC. 39. Who may be eligible for concessions.-Concessio;:is for the fishing for, collecting or gathering of sponges in any of the territorial waters of the Philippine Islands may be granted by the Secretary of Agriculture and Natural Resources to any citizens of the Philippine Islands or of the United States, or to associations or corporations that are duly registered or incorporated under the laws of the Philippine Islands or of the United States or of any State thereof and authorized to transact business in the Philippine Islands, and at least sixty-one per cent of whose capital stock or interest in 0 aid capital stock is owned wholly by citizens of the Philippine Islands or of the United States, or to citizens of countries the law of which grant similar rights to citizens of the Philippine Jslands; Provided, however, That all foreign persons, associations and corporations hol'ding at the time this law goes into effect concessions under the provisions of Act Numbered Twentyfive hundred and eighty-four, as :imended by Act numbered Thirty-seven hundred and thirty-five, to fish for, collect or gather sponges in PhilipJUNE, 1949 pine waters, may be granted renewals of such concessions so long as they have not been guilty of any violation of this Act, Act Numbered Twenty-five hundred and eighty-four as amended, or the customs .Jaws, or the regulations promulgated thereunder: Provided, also, That no individual, associat.ion or corporation granted a co11cession to fish for, collect or gather sponges shall be authorized to transfer or ~ssign its or his stock directly or indirectly to persons, associations or corporations not C!ualified under the terms of this Act to fish for, collect or gather sponges, under penalty of cancellation or forfeiture of its or his concession: Provided, further, That a transfer made by a stockholder or member of an association or corporation of his stock or interest in violation of the provisions hereof shall not be cause of rthe forfeiture of the license of such association or corporation, but said transfer shall be null and void and shall' not be registered in the books of such association or corporation. SEC. 40. Application for concessions.-All applications for concessions shall be filed in triplicate with rthe official or chief of the bureau office or service designated to carry out the pro:oisions of this Act, and be accompamed by a description giving latitude and longitude indicated upon a chart o.f the region desired, the latest published chart of the Bureau of Coast and Geodetic Survey being taken as the basis of the plot. The application must be under oath and shall contain the following info.rmation: (a) Age, citizenship and residence of the applicant, if he is an individual; itnd if an association or a corporation, its officers, domicile and whether or not it is organized under the laws of the Philippines; (b) Area of the concession applied for; Page 311 (c) Whether the area applied for conflicts in any way with any concession already granted or 0ccupied; (d) Capital available for investment; (e) That upon approval of. the application, the concession shall be marked at each corner with properly anchored buoys. SEC. 41. Original and duplicate copies.- The original and duplicate copies of the application for concessions 3hall be forwarded by <the official or chief of the bureau, office or service designated to carry out the provisions of this Act, to the Secretary of Agriculture and Natural Resources, who, if he should become satisfied of the qualifications and responsibility of the applicant, and upon proof that the concessionaire has paid the fee required in this Act, may grant the sponging concession, subject to the condition imposed herein. All persons working under a concession or permit must at all times carry in their possession copy of such concession or permit ready to exhibit rthe same upon demand by· any peace officer or other persons designated by the Secretary of Agriculture and Natural Resources in section five hereof to enforce the provisions of this Act. SEC. 42. Concessions for sponging and other privileges. - Concessions ~ranted in accordance with this article shall run for a period of not to exceed twenty years, and shall not interfere with the free passage over the area under concession of boats· or vessels, nor in any way prevent the unrestricted gathering or removal of products not specifically stated in the contract or - license agreement by other persons from the said area: Provided, how~ ever, That subject to confirmation by the Secretary of Agriculture and Commerce the official or chief of the bureau, office or service designated to carry out the provisions of this Act, may select from any concessions, adequate areas of offshore and waters for the cultivation of sponges or other marine forms for the purpose of any Government experiment station or school. (As amended by C. A. 471-1). Page 312 SEC. 43.. Annual concession fee.The annual concession fee for sponges. shall be at the rate of not exceeding one hundred pesos per square kilometer. For the other products the annual fee shall not exceed fifty-pesos per square kilometer or lineal kilometer or coast line of not more than a kilometer wide. Such fee shall be paid in advance and, if tendered in q.uarterly installments, on or before the twentieth of January, April, July and October, or on or before the last days of said months in remote provinces, in the discretion of the Secretary of Agriculture and Commerce, shall be received without penalty. If the fee due on any concession is not paid within the period in which the payment may be received without penalty, the amount of the same shall be increased by ten per centum, the increment to be part of the fee. Should the concession fee remain delinquent fifty days after the same becomes due, the original fee shall be increased by one hundred per centum and after six months the concession shall be cancelled, and the bond deposit, if any, shall be confiscated, without prejudice to criminal proceedings against the delinquent concessionaire, under the ·penal provisions of this Act. A fee which may be determined as provided in section twenty-three-A hereof, shall be collected on products gathered and removed. · Of the sums collected under and by virtue of this section twenty per centum shall accrue to the Insular Treasury and forty per centum to the province and municipality, res.pectively, in which the concession is located. In case a concession should be included within two or more provinces or municipalities, the distribution between the different provinces and municipalities shall be made in proportion to the areas of the concessions included within the respective provinces and municipalities as aforesaid. (As amended by C. A. 471-1). SEC. 44. Temporary prospecto1"s permit.-A temporary written permit to prospect for sponges in any waters THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW uf the Philippine Islands, not under concession, may be granted to any qualified person, association or corporation, upon payment of a fee of five pesos. This temporary prospector's permit shall nat be valid for a longer peTiod of time than three months from date it is issued, and shall not be subject to renewal. Under no circumstances shall more than fifty kilograms of cleaned sponges be gathered under such temporary prosp ector's permit. Should any such temporary prospector's permit be found with defaced, erased, or illegible date of issue, they shall be taken up at once by the first peace officer who becomes aware of this fact. At the end of the period for which these temporary prospector's permits are issued', they shall be returned to the officials who issued them and who shall keep the same on file marked "cancelled''. SEC. 45. Statement of sponges and other minor products collected. - All concessionaires and prospectors duly authorized, shall keep complete statements of the sponges, seaweeds and -0ther products, collected showing the kind and amount of each product, quality, and size of sponges. Such s.tatenients shall be examined and verified by any of the officers designated in ~ection five hereof by the Secretary of Agriculture and Natural Resources to enforce the provisions of this Act, :ot any port where the concessionaires or prospectors may desire to dispose -0f the sponges. When the sponges, seaweeds and/ or other minor products have been inspected the officer shall note the fact on the face of the statement, sign his name thereon and then forward such statements to the official, bureau, office or service design:'-ted by the Secretary of Agriculture :md N::i.tural Resources to enforce the provisions of this Act. (As amended by C. A. 471-1) . SEC. 46. Privilege of erecting necessary plunt.-Holders of sponge concessions shall have the privilege of erecting the necessary plant for the development and exploitation of the JUNE, 1949 sponge industry, such as houses, drying racks, corrals, landing, etc., on the shore convenient fo the concession for the proper curing of sponges: 1 Provided, however, That the approval of the Secretary of Agriculture and Natural Resources should be had in accordance with the provisions of Chavter IX of Act Numbered Twenty-eight hundred anJ seventy-four, as amended, before erecting the struchires herein referred to. SEC. 47. Size limit and classification.-No commercial sponges of less than ten centime'ters through any diameter shall be taken from the waters ' of t:he Philippine Islands, except for purposes of sponge culture within Philippine waters. All sponges shaH be trimmed, after which they shall be assorted as to quality, size, and variety. The whole perfect specimens shall be known as "forms"; those that have imperfections but do not require cutting shall be classified as "seconds"; and those that have crab or coral holes and that are divided into smaller shapes shall be called "cuts". The sizes shall be graded according to the number of ~ieces required to make a kilogram, that is-if one sponge weighs a kilogram, it will be known as No. 1 grade; if two sponges are required to make a kilogram, they will be known as No. 2 grade; if three sponges are required to make a kilogram, they will be known as No. 3 grade; etc. The size of the sponges shall be determined by passing them through holes or rings of ten centimeters inside diameter, the minimum legal size-limit. The following varieties of sponges can easily be recognized in the 'Philippines and shall be so marked: Sheepswool sponge, hon,eycomb sponge, Zimocca sponge, Sulu sea bath sponge, grass sponge, and elephant-ear sponge. SEC. 48. · Requirements.-No sponge shall be shipped, removed or exported from the Philippine Islands unless the same has first been trimmed, graded, and truthfully labelled. SEC. 49. Prohibition.-It shall be prohibited and declared unlawful: Page 313 (a) To transfer any concession or permit granted or issued under the provisions of this article, except to qualified persons, associations and corpo· rations and with the consent of the Secretary of Agriculture and Natural Resources. (b) To fish, collect, or gather any sponges growing on the sea bottom of reefs within the boundary of a concession occupied by another person, and granted under the ·provisions of this article, or by a concessionaire outside the boundary of his concession. ( c) To engage in the practice of "loading" or impregnating sponges with foreign substances of any S<lrt of character whatever for the purpose of increasing the apparent weight of said sponges and tliereby' deceiving purchasers of said sponges as to their true weight. (d) To ship from or attempt to ship from the Philippine Islands any sponges taken from the waters except through the customhouse at one of the ports of entry of the Philippine Is· lands. (e) To ]lossess Philippine commer~ Compliments of cial sponges unless holding· a concession or permit in accordance with this article or a bill of: sale traceable from a concessionaire. (f) To remove, deface, destroy, or in any way interfere with the location marks of any concession ·granted un· der the provisions of this article. (g) To possess undersized sponges, or sponges less than ten centimeters through any diameter. (h) To take from the waters of the lPhilippine Islands any commercial sponges by the use of any dredge or "gangara" except in waters of. more than thirty fathoms in depth. SEC. 50; Pa.yment of fees.-Payment of fees on products collected and removed shall be made to the officar an.d at the time the Secretary of Agriculture and Commerce may designate. The provisions of. this article shaU not apply to persons gathering sponges outside of the limits of the concessions, .provided the daily amount of sponges gathered by them does not exceed five kilograms. (As amended by C. A. 471·1.) (To be continued) .fa 'Union .f~ .Pe~ San Fernando, La Union OFFICERS: Delfin B. Flores · President Telesforo Ofiana First Vice-President Miguel Rilloraza, Jr. Second Vice-President Marcelino D. :Florentino Treasurer Crescencio P. Basco Secretary --.,-...()00--DIRECTORS: Vicente Concepcion Norberto B. Paa Jose Guray Crisogono Bautista Enrique D. Calub Jose Tavora -0Narciso A. Aquino Business Manager Federico V.. Ganaden Publicity Manager ' ~"'~'"1m"1","'.,'"'um""'m"11"'•",."-•"'"w..:..~....==,':'.:.-:-::=.--:!::::::.~'::::::.".!:=~:::'.;:~:~~:::•:~:m::"':::"'~~::::::::~::::.~:~::::::::~:;:::~::::~::::::::~~;::::::~~'t Page 314 THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW EPIGRA. MS FROM RIZAL'S WORKS By the Orden de lc• s Caballeros de Rizal ( 194,7). "Where are the youth who will consecrate ttieir golden hours, their dreams, and their enthusiasm to the welfare of their native land ·1 \'V'here are the youth who will generously pour out blood to wash away so much shame, so much crime, so ;much abominaition? Pure and spotless must the victim be ! Where are you, youth, who will embody in yourselves the vigor of life that has left our veins the purity of ideas tha.t has been contaminated in our brains, ·(he fire of enthusiasm that has been iUenched in our hearts? 1 We await you, U You1 th ! Come, for we await you! * * -* ' "Love of country can never be erased once it has entered the heart, because it carries with it a divine stamp which makes it eternal and imperishable." * * * "I have always loved my poor motherland, and I am sure I shall always love her to the last moment even though perhaps men are unjust to me; and my future, my life, my joys, all I have, I sacrificed for my love of my country." * * * "For our country in war .For our country in peace The Filipino will be ready, 'While he lives and when he dies." * * * "I shall never be the man to lead the multitude to obtain by force what the government does not consider convenient to give." * * * "When Education reigns on .lofty seat, Youth blossoms forth with vigor and agility." * * * "So education without stint or measure gives seeurity and peace to lands in which she lives." * * * "Hold high thy brow serene 0 Youth, where now you stand; Let the bright sheen Of your grace be seen Fair hope of. my Fatherland!" JUNE, 1949 "The just and the worthy must sufier so that their ideals may be known and disseminated. You have to strike the case and break it to release its per· fume. You have to smite the rock in order to draw the spark. There is something providential in the persecution of tyrants." * * * "A man keeps his independence while. he holds his own way of thinking." * * * "Every country has its morals like its climate and its infirmities." * * * "A man ought to die for duty and his principles." * * * "It is a useless life that is not consecrated to a great idea." * * * "Knowledge is the heritage of mankind, but only the courageous inherit it." * * * "Evils are not remedied by other evils, and in our misfortunes each of us has his part of the blame." * * * "Always remember that charity be· grns at home for man ought not to seeK on earth more than the greatest amount of happiness for himself." * * * "Mutual sacrifices and benefits enr-ender affection." * * * "Every country gets the fate it deserves." * * * "- .. light is the most beautiful thing in creation .... " * * * " ... necessity is the most powerful divinity the world knows ... " * * * "In order to read the destiny of a people, it is necessary to open the book of its past." Page 315 "What matters death, if one dies for what one loves, for native land and beings held dear?" * * "I <lie without seeing the Day dawning on my country." * * * "Without education and liberty, that soil and that sun of mankind, no reform is possible." * * * "What good would the Philippines be without the Filipino!" * * * "'We young Filipinos are trying to make over a nation." * * * " ... like people, like government ... " * * * " ... genius is like light and air, the patrimony of all." * * * "The prestige of the nation is pre· ferable to that of a few individuals." * * "Justice is the foremost virtue of the civilizing races." * * * "Law has no skin nor reason nostrils." * * * "Without light there can be no way." * * * " ... to sacrifice one's life for light is worth while." * * "My career, my life, my happiness all have been sacrificed for love of my native land." "Not all were asleep in the night of our anr.estors !" '' ... woe unto those who found their strength on. ignorance and fanatiGism." * '* * "No one censures the pilot wli.o makes for a port at the first gust of the whirlwind." * * * • "To stoop as the bullet passes is not cowardly." * * * "Show us the schools of a people and we will show you what the people is." * * * "A people without character, a nation witl)out liberty." * * * "Language is the thought of the people." * * * "Liberty is to man what education i8 to the intelligence." * * * "Resignation is not always a virtue; it is a crime when it encourages tyrants; there can be no tyrants where there are no slaves." * * "Gambling breeds dislike for steady and difficult toil by its promise of sud· den wealth.'" * * * "Then 'twill not matter thou forgettest me! Through thy clear space and o'er thy vale I'll sweep! A vibrant, limpid note to thine ear I will be; Fragrance, light, color, song, lament, and plea, Ever repeating the faith that with thee I keep!" ... : ... ::: .. :: .. :: .. ::: .. :: .. :: .. :: .. ::,: .. :: .. :: .. :: .. :: .. :: .. :: .. ::.: .. :: .. ::: .. :: .. :: .. :: ... ::: .. :: .. :: ... ::: .. ::.: .. :: .. :: .. :: ... :.:: .. ::: ... ::: ... :::,::,:: .. :: ... ::: .. :: .. :: .. :: .. :: .. :: .. :: .. :: .. ::.: .. ::: .. ::.: .. :: .. :: .. ::.: .. :: .. :: .. :: .. ::.:: .. :: .. :: .. :: .. :::.: .. :: .. ::.: .. ::.: .. :: .. :: .. :: .. ::.:,:.: .. ::.:::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::.::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::'!• Compliments of: TEL-340 KEE DIRECT-IMPORTER AUTO & DIESEL SUPPLY 17 F. Gonzales Street CEBU CITY j P. 0. Box 109 " ;::;: ::;;; ~;; Page 316 THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW RULINGS OF THE GENERAL AUDITING OFFICE HIGH SCHOOL, MAINTENANCE OF BY MUNICl'PALITY; ACCOUNTING OF INCOME AND EXPENDITURES.-It appears that the Municipality of Pefiaranda, Province of N:1eva Ecija, is maintaining a high school out of tui lion fees collected from the students enrolled th,erein, and that the government is not giving any aid therefor. This is authorized by Section 2250 of the Revised Administrative Code which reads as· follows: ·~After ad~quate prov1s1on has been made for the primary schools of a municipality, the council mny establish and maintain intermediate, secondary, or professional schools; and with the approval of the Director of Education (now Public Schools), reasonable tuition fees may be charged for instrudion in such institutions." In \'iew, however, of the disestablishlf;ent of the municipal school fund t;ncier Commonwealth Ac.t No. 586, the ir,come derived from, and the expenditures inc;irred in connection with, the operation of such municipal high ~chools should be taken up in the accounts as an integral part of the G~n eral .Fund, but in order to distinguish the rnme from the other accounts c;, rried in • !he General Fund the fund symbol "C" should be followed by a sub-classification (1), (2), (3), etc. as nrny be convenient, thus: B-2-16(1)-Matriculation fees (High School) C (1)-General Fund (High School), Unappropriated Account C(l)-21(a,b, etc.), Public educaiion Ca(l)-Revenue Receivable (Hign School) Ca(l)-24 - Tuition fees (High Srhool)-5th Ind , August 4. HJ48, o.f Dep. Aud. Gen. to Sec. of the Int. EX1 F'OSTTION AND .'AIR, USE OF PROCEEDS FROM.-The City of Da gupan, under Rernlution No. 150 of the Municipal Board thereof, dated June 7. JUNE, 1949 1948, proposes to hold an Agricultural, Jndustrial, Commercial, Arts and Sciences Exposition and Fair for the purpose of raising funds to be distributed as follows: 60 '?'~ for acquisition of. high school site; 20 % for puericulture center activities; and 20 % for· the Police Trust 'Fund. There is no doubt that the holding of such an Exposition and Fair will promote the prosperity and general welfare of the city and its inhabitants, and the appropriation of funds for the purpose would be withia the purview of the general welfare clause, Section 16(nn), of the City Charter (Republic Act No. 170). Ther'e is also no doubt that the acquisition of a high school site is within the corporate powers of the city, and the nse of its funds for the purpose is, therefore, within its legitimate functions. The giving of aid to the Puericulture Center is also a recognized function of local governments, attention being invited in this connection to Section 1074 cf the Revised Manual of Instructimrn to Treasurers. The proposed use of the remaining 20 % of the proceeds to be derived from the Exposition :rnd Fair for the creation of a Police Trust Fund to take care of members of the police force and their families whc might be in need of relief will also not be objected to by this Office in line with the action taken in. the case of the City of Jloilo and the Molo Asylum (our 3rd indorsement dated April 11, 1946, Decision No. 314). In the light of the foregoing considerations, this Office will interpose no objection to the approval of the above-mentioned resolution.-6th Ind., Sept. 11, 1948 of Dep. Aud. Gen. to Sec. of the ln.t. REVOLVING FUND FOR PURCHASE OF RICE.-Respectfully returned to the Honorable, the Secretary of the Interior, Manila, with the information that this Office will not interpose any objection to the setting a >ide of a sufficient amount from the st•rplus in the ) Provincial General .Fund for a Revolving 'Fund to be used in the Page 317 purchase of rice to be resold to the inhabitants of the Mountain Province at cost plus reasonable charges for leakage and handling, provided that no National aid shall be used for the purpose, and provided further that the corresponding resolution of the Provincial Board thereat setting aside such amonnt is approved by the Department Head concerned under section 2106 (a) of the Revised Ad1 ministra1ti ve Code.-2nd 1nd., July 9, 1946 of A ud. Gen. DIVISION SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS, EMPLOYMENT OF AN EDUCATION AL PUR1 F'OSE; CONS!UERED A PROVINCIAL OFJli'ICIAL FOR PURPOSES OF QUARTERS ALLOW1 ANCE.- Hespectfully returned to the Honorable, the Seeretary of Pub· lie Instruction, Manila, with the iuformation that the amount of '1'47,460.00 was appropriated by the National Government under Act No. 245 of the Commonwealth, item I-IV-4, as "aid to especially organized provinces for eclucational purposes .under the direction of the Director of Education or his representatives". The employment of the Division Superintendent of Schools in Zamboanga . to perform duties assigned to him by Section 917 of the Administrative Code, is for educational purposes and the payment of salary and other allowances to him are payment for an educational purpose. The Divi$ion Superintendent of Schools by an Gpinion of the Honorable, the Secretary of Justice to which we do not object, is considered a provinc{al official for the pbrposes of Section 2 of Act No. 290'l'. The Honorable, th•3 Provincial Board of Zamboanga grants nnder the provisions of that section C' uarters allowance to the mid Divi;;io:1 Superintendent of Schools and the corresponding resolution is approved by the Honorable, the Secretary of Public Instruction. Under the law and the re,olution .so approved, the Division Superintendent of Schools is entitled to quarters allowance and the cost of such anowance may properly be charged to the appropriation above referred to for 1 he reason that it is an appropriation for an educational purpose.-30th Ind., 0Gt. 10, 1939 of Aud. Gen.; G.A.O. F. 13.6 Zamboanga Prov. ~""""""'"'''"""'""'~"""""""""""""""""""'""""""""""''"""""""'""'"""""''"'"""""""'"""""""""""""""""""'""""'""""""'""""""'"""'"'""''"""'""'"'""""""""""""'"'"'"""'""'"'""'"""'""""""'""""' '''"''''''""''~''''''""''''''''''''"'''''""''''"'"'''''"'''''"'''''"""''''""''''"''''''"'"''''''"'''''"'''''''""'''''''"'''''''''''''''"''''''"'''''""'''''''''''''''"''''''""''' to••••••,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.,,,,,,,,," "· ''·' ''''·'""''''''"'''''·''''"'"''''''"'''''' "'" THi0G~i~~ tt:t~i~~~i~J;l[!~i~~:iiii~~:~T~:~L Ji~i~ II CONSTRUCTED THREE STORY AND SPACIOUS BUILDING, CENTRALLY LOCATED AND ACCESSIBLE TO ALL MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION FA- -CILITIES. (BETWEEN FREE PRESS AND ROCES BUILDINGS) ,. COURSES OFFERED: " COMPLETE 1949-1950 ACADEMIC HIGH SCHOOL REGISTRATION NOW GOING ON - REGULAR CLASSES JULY 5th DRESSMAKING BOOKKEEPTNG ACCOUNTING VOCATIONAL COURSES: SECRETARIAL STENOGRAPHY TYPEWRITING NEW COURSE OFFERED: OFFICE PRACTICE SPANISH LANGUAGE BUSINESS ENGLISH COSTUME DESIGNING AND ILLUSTRATION CONDUCTED BY AN EXPERIENCED TEACHER A GRADUATE FROM A WELL KNOWN INSTITUTION "TRAPHAGEN SCHOOL OF FASHION" OF NEW YORK, U. S . A . ENROLLMENT IS OPEN ANY Tll1'1E. Ii GREG?o3~~3e~~~~~ ;t~sc;fzTUTE l.-~'1 ... I Tel.-3-28-53 ~'"""""'"'"'""'"""""'"'"""""""'"""'"'"""""""'"'""""'""" ::::::;::::::::::::::::::::;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::~:::;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::;::::::::::::::::::::;:::~:::::::::;::::;:::::::::::::::~.! Page 318 THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW MUNICIPAL AFFAIRS SUBJECT TO ACTION BY NATIONAL AND UR PROVINCIAL AUTHORITIES (Compiled by Juan F. Rivera, Chief, Provincwl Dii>ision, Department of the Interior amd Member: Mal.acanan Legislative Assistance Committee and Technical Negotiators on Delimitation of U. S. M~litary & Naval Bases in the Philippines) 1. Municipal boundary disputes shall be decided by the P.rovincial Board or 1B:oards concerned, subject to appeal to Secretary of the Interior whose decision is final. (Sec. 2167, Adm. Code). 2. GlasS'ification of municipalities or readjustmeut thereof to be authorized by the President of the Philippines. (R.A. 130). 3. Additional municipal councilors of a municipality raised in class shall be appointed by the President of the Philippines. (C.A. 633). 4. Temporary vacancy in any elective municipal office to be filled by 'Provincial Governor with the consent of the Provincial -Board; vacancy as a result of the death, resignation, removal .or cessation of the incumbent, by the President of the Philippines upon recommendation of the political party of the officer to be replaced, save in the case of. a mayor, which shall be filled by the vice-mayor. (Sec. 21 (a) & (b), Rev. Election CodP J R.A. 180). 5. Resignation of elective municipal officer is subject to approval of the provincial board. (Sec. 2182. Adm. Code). 6. Salaries of municipal treasurers shall be fixed by the provincial board. (Sec. 2183, Adm. Code). 7. Decisions of provincial board with regard to salaries and per diems of. municipal officers may be appealed by the municipal officer or council concerned or any board member to the Secretary of the Interior whose decision is final. (Sec. 2184, last par., Adm. Code). 8. The municipal council, with the approval of the provincial board, may JUNE, 1949 require that the municipal treasurer shall, in addition to the regular duties of his office, perform the duties of municipal secretary. (Sec. 2185, Adm. Code). 9. Additional compensation may be paid to 1he municipal treasurer designated as acting municipal secretary in an amount fixed by the municipal council, with the approval of the provincial board, in not exceeding 75 % of the sum of the salaries attached to the two offiJO. 11. 12. ces. (Sec. 2185,_ id.) Additional compensatfon may be granted to the municipal treasunir as deputy provincial treasurer by the pro·vincial board out of provinc.ial fonds, subject to approval by the Secretary of Finance. (Sec. 2186, Adm. Code; C. A. 78; E. O. 167, s. '38 and E . 0. 94, s. '47). A per diem not to exceed two pesos for each day of regular session of the council cictually attended may be granted by the municipal council to the vice-mayor and each councilor, subject to approval of the provincial board and. the Secretary of the Interior. (Sec. 2187, 1st par., Adm. Code). Duri• ng an authorized or justified absence of municipal mayor, the vice-mayor or a councilor temporarily discharging duties of mayor may receive compensation i.n an amount to be fixed by the council, with the approval of the provincial governor, not exceeding the salary of the mayor for the same period, provided per diems for attendance of the sessions of. the council shall not be paid to such vice-mayor or councilor. (Sec. 2187, last par., id.) Page 319 13. Provincial governor shall receive and investigate complaints made under oath against municipal officers for neglect of duty, oppression, corruption or other form of maladministration of office, and conviction by final judgment of any crime involving moral turpitude. Fo.r minor delinquency he may reprimand the offender. (Sec. 2188. Adm. Gode). 14. Provincial governor may suspend a mu.nicipal officer (not be!ng ~he municipal treasurer) pendmg mvestigation by the Provincial 1B-0ard of the chai;ges preferred against such municipal officer if the char· ges affect the official integrit~ of the same officer. (Sec. 2188, 1d.) 15. Provincial !Board shall hear and investigate the truth o~ falsity . o_f charges preferred agamst mun~c~ pal officer other tha.n the mumc1pal treasurer. (Sec. 2188, id) 16. Suspension of accused for .more than thirty days may be contmued in case of conviction until the Secretary of the Interior sh'.111 other· wise direct or the .case fmally decided by the said Secretary. (Sec. 2189, Adm. Code). 17. If the provincial board shall adjudge that the charges are not s~s tained the proceedings shall be dis_ missed· if it shall adjudge that the acc~sed has been guilty o.f .mis· conduct which would be suff1c1ently punished by reprimand. or further reprimand, it shall ~1rect the provincial governor to deliver su.ch reprimand in pursuance of its judgment; and in either case the official, if suspended, shall be. reinstated. (Sec. 2190, 1st par., 1d.) 18. If. the case requires severe disc~ pline and in case of apI_>eal, certi· fied copies of the record m the case shall be forwarded to the Secr:-tary of the Interior, together with the recommendation of 1he board '\O to whether the official oughl to be suspended, further sus.pended, or finally dismissed from office · and in such case the board may' exercise its discretion to rePage 320 19. 20. 21. instate the official, if suspended., (Sec. 2190, last par., id.) The Seeretary. of the Interior shall review the case without unnecessary delay and shall make such order for the rei;nstatement, dismissal, ·suspension, or further suspension of the official. Disciplinary suspension made upon order of th~ Secretary of the Interior shall be without pay. No final dismissa; shall take effect until recommended by the Secretary of the Interior and approved by the President of the Philippines. (S~c. 2191, id.) A municipal officer suspended from duty pending an i:nvestigation of charges agai,nst him shall receive no pay during such suspension; b11t. upon subsequent exoneration or remstatement, the Department Head may order the payment of the whole or part of the salary accruing during such suspension. (Sec. 21!)?, id.) Upon receiving information to the effect that any municipal officer is guilty of official misconduct involving criminal or civil liability of such character as to make ad· visable the institution• of judicial proceedings, the provincial gO'Vernor shall direct the provincial fiscal to institute such proceedings. (Sec. 2193, Adm. Code). (To be continued) THE LO-CAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW Facts Of Growth And Change PROVINCES RAISED IN CLASS SINCE LIBERATION (!) To 1st-A: Bulacan-D. 0. 57, 2- 19- 49 (2) Bohol-D. 0 . 39, 12-20-48 Capiz-D. 0. 65, 3-19-49 Pampanga-D. 0. 45, 1-13- 49 Quezon-D. 0 . . 48, 1-24-49 Samar-D. 0 . 28, 8-14-48 N egros Oriental-D. 0. 86, 6-9-49 To 1st-B Albay-D . 0. 44, 1-6-49 Ilocos Norte-D·. 0. 59, 2-25-49 Ilocos Sur-D. 0. 40, 12-23-48 T c 1st Cagayan-D.O . 50, 2~4-49 , Camarines Sur-D. 0. 36,12- 21-48 Cavite-D.0. 37, 12-17-48 Isabela-D. 0. 32, 10-13-48 Misamis Occ.-D.9. 41, 12- 27-48 Misamis Or.-D. 0. 52, 2-8-49 Surigao-D. 0. 54, 2-9-49 To 2nd Camarines Norte- D.O. 53, 2-8-49 Masbate-D.O. 33, 10-28-48 Mindoro-D. 0. 79, 5-12:._49 To 3rd Agusan-D. 0. 56,2- 16-49 Bataan-D. 0. 43,12-29-48 Catanduanes-D. 0. 55, 2-16-49 Marinduque-D 0. 47, 1- 22- 49 To 4th Romblon-D.0. 10, 8- 22- 47( 3) MUNICIPALITIES RAISED IN CLASS AFTER THE WAR(') To 1st Balanga, Bataan-D 0. 29, 9-25-48 Bifian, Laguna-D. 0 . 49, 1-27-49 Cal ape, Bohol-D. 0 . 58, 2-22- 49 Candon, I. Sur-D. 0 . 60, 2-25-49 Iligan, Lanao-D. 0. 60, 2-25-49 Dipolog, Zamboanga-D.O . 67, 3- 25- 49 Balayan, Batangas-D. 0 . 69, 4-9-49 Bais, Negros Or.-D. 0 . 72, 3-30-49 Daet, Cam. Norte-D. 0. 75, 4-18-49 To 2nd Gumaca, Quezon-D. 0. 61, 2-26-49 Orani, Bataan-D. 0. 62, 3-Z-49 Dinalupihan, Bataan-id. Polo, Bulacan-D. 0. 64, 3- 19-49 Calamba, Mis. Occ.-D. 0. 63, 3-14-49 Pagadian, Zamboanga-D. 0. 68,3-25-49 JUNE, 1949 Alfonso, Cavite-D. 0 . 73, 3-31- 49 To 3rd Tago, Surigao-D. 0. 51, 2-8-49 Minalin, Pampanga-D. 0. 71, 3-28-J!' NEW MUNICIPALITIES SINCE INDEPENDENCE DAY Borja, Boho_l-E . 0. 204, 2-9-49 Trinidad, Bohol-E . 0 . 80, s. '47 San Jacinto, Bohol-E.O . 229, s. '49 Mercedes, Cam. Norte-R.A. 341 Madalag, Capiz- R.A. 297 Tangalan, Capiz-R.A. 285 Cc.ramoraft, Catanduanes-E 0. 159 s. '48 Lemery, Iloilo-R. A. 197 1.ucena, Iloilo-R. A. 50 Aurora, Isabela-E_ . 0 . 139, s. '48 Roxas, Isabela-E. 0. 136 s. '48 Si;n Mateo, Isabela-E. 0. 97, s. '46 Santo Tomas, Isabela-E. 0. 199, s. '49 Pugo, La Union-E. 0 . 72, s. '47 San Gabriel, La Union-id. Sudipen, La Union-id. Irnbel, Layte-R.A. 191 Placer, Masbate-R. A. 292 Roxas, Mindoro-E. 0 . 181, s. '48 Santa Cruz, Mindoro-E . 0. 210, 4-1-'49 Calamba, Misamis Occ.-E . 0. 85, s. '47 El Salvador, Mis. Or.-R . A. 268 Jasaan, Mis. Or.-E.O. 165, s. '48 Li1mgos, Mis. Or.- E.O. 128, s. '48 Mahinog, Mis. Or.-E. 0 . 122, s . '48 Manticao, Mis. Or.-E.O. 203, s. '49 Medina, Mis. Or.-E.O. 129, s. '48 Asia, Neg. Occ.-E.O. 186, s. ··43 Si pa lay, Neg, Occ.- E. 0. 185; s. '48 Toboso, Neg. Occ.- E. 0 . 141, s. '48 Payabon, Neg. Occ.-E.0. 228, s. '49 Canlaon, Neg. Or.-E.O. 19, s. '46 Santa Catalina, Neg. Or.-E.0. 111, s. '47 Talugtug, N. E.-E. 0. 113, s. '47 Santa Fe, Romblon- R. A. 50 Can-avid, Samar-R. A. 264 Gamay, Samar-R.A. 90 (l) For pre·-war classification, see Vol. I, No. 1, p. 9 of this magazine. (2) Means Department Order of the Secretary of the Interior. ( ~ ) Classification since its re-establishment as province. ( 4) For pre-war classification, see Vol. I, Nos. 2 & 3, of this magazine. (Continue& on page 324) Page 321 FOURTEEN CENTURIES OF FILIPINO THOUGHTS A compilation of recovered and scattered writings from A.D. 674 by PETRA 0. RIVERA, P.N.S., ·B.S.E., U .P~ (Manuscript No. 1 is publi&hed at page 136, Vol. 1, No. 2, of this magazine under the title: ANCIENT HONESTY A N D SUPREMACY OF THE LAW) M/ S No. 2 LIVING IN iHARMONY 1 W:ITH NEIGHBORS UNDER THE RULE O.F LAW Dato PUTI (At the mouth of the Andona 1iver, Pa· nay, sometime in. the 1300s: from Janiway MS.) ' We ten datos, with our families, followers and slaves, have left the home of our ancestors in iBorneo because we can no longer endure the misrule of Tuan Makatunaw. Wle want to escape the annoyances that he is constantly causing and to avoid the injustices of which he is continually guilty. Our recent ruler exercises no selfrestra:int, regards not the rights of others, and has no respect for the law. :Whatever he sees and wants, that he takes. Here we would settle, purchasjng of the ancient owners of the soil the land thereon we shall make a new home, dwelling in harmony with our neighbors and living ourselves under the rule of law.-See Craig's "Gems of PhiU11pine Oratory," p. 9 a.nd Beyer's and De Veyra's "Philippine Saga", Chapter 5, iUustrcitions Nos. 54 & 55. M/ S No. 3 DWELL TOGETHER IN PEACE AND FRIENDSHIP Dato MAREKUDO (From the legend of the negotiations between the Borneo Bisayans headed by Dato Puti and the chief of the Negritos of Panay, probably in the 14th century: in the Janiway MS.) You told me that you ten datus from Bruney, with your families and folPage 322 lowers, are seeking a place to make your new home and that you are willing to pay for land. So I called together the elder men of our country, and presented your proposition. I am the Timway, or king, but my authority is controlled by thP council of the elders. The council now has authorized the sale. You offered me a golden hat of a weight greater than fifty pieces of coined money together with another gift twenty times as valuable. For me the former present is sufficient, but my wife, Queen Maniwantiwan, insist.-, that her rights must be purchased too. She considers that the wife of your chief dato is unduly haughty and wants it settled that her own social position shall be recognized as superior to this newcomer's. She sees that the lady is proud of a long gold necklace and so insists on your giving a longer necklace for herself, one so long .that it will trail on the· ground. Upon these terms, then, the land is yours. We prefer the mountains, s9 do you take the sea-coast, as much of it as you choose to occupy. For the distance that a runner could cover between seedtime and harvest, during which the circle of 1 P'anay might be made, you and your children and your <;hildren'.s children to the remotest generation shall be joint owners with us in this fertile island. ln peace and friendship, let us hope, we shall dwell together, neighbors and allies.-See Craig's "Gems of Philippine Oratory," p. 10 and Beyer's and De Veyra's "Pr,ilippine Saga/', Chapter 5, illiostration Nos. 54 & 55. r·~~1::::;;:~•nn•n•nn••1 AROMA CAFE l 807 Rizal Avenue, Manila ~ ~ ................................................................... ~ THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW "THE BADGE THAT ONLY FREE MEN CAN WEAR" Quezon's Message on U.S. Flag Day . 1617 Massachusetts Ave. N.W. ~lashington 6, D.C. HObart 1400 DEPARTMENT O:F INFORM; ATION AND PUBLIC RELATIONS COMMONWEALTH OF THE PHILIPPINES · June 14, 1944 5'ARANAC LAKE, N.Y., June 14.0n United States ; Flag Day (today), which is the second anniversary of the signing of the -Declaration of United Nations by the Philippines, President Manuel L. Quezon issued the following ' statement, for broadcast to the Philippines: "My countrymen: On this day, wherever you may be, pause a moment in silent prayer-a prayer of thanksgiving and petition. "Today, June 14, is the day set aside by the I P'resident of the United States for the honoring not only of the flag ef America but the flags of all the United Nations who fight for liberty. Today, June 14, is also the second an;1iversary of my signing the Declara1.ion of United Nations on behalf of the Philippines. By that simple act, the Philippines joined herself with lhirty·four sovereign nations of the world in_ the fight against aggression. "In the midst of your sufferingsand I share them to the full-let us turn our thoughts today to our Flag of the Sun and Three Stars, the flag that our heroes followed in unnumbered battles for freedom. Let us renew· our pledge that our hopes for it will not be dimmed, nor our faith in it fettered, When THE PHILIPPINES becamie a member of the UNITED NATIONS on June 14, ·1942, Sitting from left t<J right: Ambassador Najera of the Republic of Mexico, President Roosevelt, President Qirezon, and Secretar-v of State Cordell HuU. (Courtesy of Mr. Serapio Canceran) JUNE, 1949 Page 323 nor our love for it weal:ened by the invader, but that each returning sun will make us more determined in o:ir resolve that, as in honor we inherited it from our fa lhers, in honor we must bequeath it to our sons. That honor is the badge that only free men can wear. "Two years ago today, our F'Jag was unfurled side by side with those of the other United Nations in the fight for liberty and democracy. I do not have to stress the transcendental significance of our having been admitted as signatory to the declaration of the nations fighting Germany and Japan, as an independent government. When I signed it for the 'Filipino people and sub~cribed to the principles set forth in the Atlantic Charter, I knew that I was expressing our nation's determination never to be cowed by the Japanese invader. Your courageous resist- r.nce has shown the world we Filipinos can suffer and die for the cause of freedom. "Let us give thanks for the friendship of America and o~ir other allies in our common struggle against the enemy, and for the victories of the armed forces of the United Nations, in Italy, in Russia, and in the Southwest Pa: <:ific. Let us be grateful that the forces of liberaUon are coming ever closer to our beloved shores. And today, let ~is humbly petition the Almighty for the continued success of our arms, and beseech Him to hasten the glorious day of liberation for all peoples all over the world. ---oOo-Municipal Officials . . _ (Continued from page 335) VALENCIA Mayor . ____ Eulalia Ucang (L) Vice-Mayor ____ Jacinto Sales (N) Councilors: 1 . Juan Sales (N) 2 . Ignacio Cagulangan ( L) 3. Pablo Namoc (L) 4. Eugenio Dalopirit (N) 5. Aejo Daleon (N) 6. Alfonso Lagare (N) (To be conlinued) Page 324 Facts of Growth ... (Cont_ inued from page 321) Gral. MacArthur, Samar-R.A. 193 Hinabangan, Samar-R. A. 263 Jiabong, Samar-R. A. 269 Mercedes, Samar-R. A. 262 Motiong, Samar-R.A. 290 P.inabacdao, Samar-E. 0. 2, s. '46 Quinapondan, Samar- R. A. 61 San Policarpio, Samar-R. A. 281 _ Talalora, Samar-R_ .A . 192 Tagannaun, Surigao-R.A. 194 Burdeous, Quezon-R. A . 250 Tu bay, Agusan R . A. 188 Buayan, Cotabato-E'. 0. 82, s. '47 Buluan, Cotabato-id. · Dinaig, C~tabato-id. Kabakan, Cotabato-id. !Gamba, Cotabato-id. Kidapawan, Cotabato-id. Koronodal, Cotabato-id. Lebak, Cotabat~-E. 0. 195, s. '48 Nuling, Cotabato-E. 0 . 82, s. '47 Pagalungan, Cotabato-id. Parang, Cotabato-id. Tumbao, Cotabato-E. 0. 227, s. '49 Compos tel a, Davao-E. 0. 156. s. '48 Gov. Generoso, Davao-id. Yapalung, Davao-E. 0. 151, s. '48 Lupon, Davao-id. Sama], Davao-id. baug, Davao-E.O. 156, s. '48 Trinidad, Davao-id. Balo-i, Lanao-E.O. 152, s. '48 Kauswagan, Lanao- E. 0. 126 s. '48 Ti; bod, Lanao-R. A. 58 Labason, Zamboanga-E. 0. 79, s. '47 NEW CITIES SINCE V-J DAY City of Legaspi-R.A. 306-Albay City of Naga-R. A. 302-Camarines Sur City of Ormoc-R.A. 179-Leyte City of Ozamis-R.A. 321-Mis. Occ. City of Dumaguete-R.A. 327-Neg. Or. City of Dagupan-R.A. 170-Pangasinan City of Rizal-R.A. 183-formerly Pasay City of Calbayog-R. A . 328-Samar City of Basilan-R .A. 288 c:ty of Lipa-R. A. 162-Batangas r·~ ..................................... l • Compliments of f AMBOS MUNDOS • FELISA DE LEON ~ • Manager and Proprietress ~ ~ 423 Evangelista ...................................................... ~j THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW THE FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL ORGANIZATION The Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations has been conceived on the proposition rthat na· tions can unite together to raise and supply each other enough food and sufficient supply of all the products of 2griculture, forestry and fisheries· at prices which are fair rto consumers and producers aJ.ike. It holds to the faith that these age-old ideas of mankind can be realized when the knowledge and tools at hand are used to full advantage. . In the light of what all men agree to be desirable and modern science has made poss·ible :FAO fashioned i~ s declared purposes of- - Raising the levels of nwtrition and the standards of living of the peoples of all countries; Securing improvements in the efficiency of : the production and distribution of all food and agricultural products; Bettering the condition of rural popuLation; And thus contributing toward an expanding world economy. TO A1 FFORD FREEDOM iFROM :WANT This international organization grew out of a wartime conference to implement hope for a peace affording assurance that all men in all lands may live their lives in freedom from want. Assembled' for this purpose, represrntatives of. :the allied countries at war under the flags of the United Nations held a . conference on !Food and Agriculture at Hot Springs, Va., U.S.A., Ln May, 1943. The conference, convened at the initiative of ·President Roosevelrt, agreed on these several points: Two-thirds of the people in the world are ill-nourished. Their health could be vastly improved if they were able to get enough of the right kind of food. The farmers of the world, constituting two-thirds of its population, could produce enough if they employed methods known to modern science. JUNE, 1949 Through increased production and effective distribwtion, full-time work for a,ll could be provided and a process put in motion to stamp out want. To attain ,these ends, the nations must act in concert. HOW/ .FIAO WAS ORGANIZED Before the Hot Springs Conference disbanded it recommended the creation of an Interim Commission to prepare for a permanent agency to carry through 1the design of its program. The First Session of the FAO Conference met in Quebec, Canada, in October, 1945. Forty-two governments ratified the constitution andl five were later added 1 !0 these, so that at the start of its second year, F AO had 47 members. PRACTICAL MEN GIVE EFF'ECT TO IDEALS F AO .jg served by a working staff trained in dealing with the special problems which must be met in advancing toward the goals set by the nations when they established the Organization. Standing adlv.isory committees of leading experts from all parts of the world assist the staff in making studies, collecting information, and analyzing data. Collecting information relating to food and agrfoulture is tjle first step :n attaining the aims of F AO. The second step is facilitating the free and rapid exchange of the information throughout the world. But the task involved in the adtvance toward ;FA O's objectives will require con:tinued progress in education and research. One of the Organization's n;ain functions therefore is to promote this progress. FAO gives assistance to governments that ask for it. One form of this assis1tance is the sending of missions of e:ivperts to study the probl'ems of these governments pertaining to food, agriculture, foreRtry, and fisheries. The Organization is prepared to follow this Page 325 nse with .technical aid: .in working out the solution of these problems. F!AO OF.FERS A WORLD PROGRAM FAO follows · a policy of recommending international action, based on ex· isting information, to attack major objectives. Everybody agrees thait ·if men, women and chil'dren everywhere were fed as human beings should be fed thel'e would be a market for all the food that could be produced "in the foreseeable future. FAO offers a program to the world to make this possibiJ.ity a rea1ity. By Hs program of internatfonal ac· tion FAO hopes to free agricultural procedures from the fear of overproduction; to free all men from fear of want; to free the world! economy ·from mankind's fear of depression and scarcity, and from national policies fost~ring false security through naitional self· sufficiency leading down the road to war. F AO's power of action is limited, but its power of suggestion is vast, for in its purposes it appeal's to mankind's conscience and common sense, and in its informaition, based on science, it appeals to human intelligence. HOW F AO IS GOVERNED F AO Js governed by a Conference in which each member nation has one vote. The Conference meets at least once in every year. Between sessions an Executive Committee exercises pow_ ers -delegated to it by 1 the Conference. A Director-General, who is appointed by the Conference, directs the work of the Organization with the aid of a staff selected by him. Sir John Boyd Orr is the first Director-General. - F'AO AND THE UNITED N\AiTIONS F AO is a specialized agency of the United Nations, with which it is associated by functional rel'ationships with the Economic and Social Council.. Other specialized agencies. with which FA 0 has or will have close ties, cooperating in ithe advancement of common purposes, include the Internation· al Labor Organization (!LO), the proposed International Trad'e Organizaiion (ITO), the United Nations EduPage 326 cational, Scientific, and Cul1 tural Or· ganization (UNESCO), and the proposed Woi'Id Health Organization (WHO). FAO is absorbing the International Institute of Agriculture, founded at Rome in 1905. HOW .F AO WORKS F'AO received from 1 the people of its member governments a mand'ate to proceed against the forces• ·causing want, hunger, and starvation, and was given machinery with which to carry on its work: (Jrgent Food Problems: Facing up to the food crisis developing in rt:he wake of the war, FAO called a Special Meeting on Urgent Food Problems in May, 1946. It placed before the meeting its first world: Food Appraisal, a report which it now is· sues as a quarterly pu.blication to inform all nations of the world aboUJt the food position. Representatives of interested! countries meeting in Washington agreed on recommer.dations which in June, 1946 resulted in the creation of the Intern2tional Emergency Food Council. The pr.incipal' function of this body, which by the beginning of 1947 had a mem· bership of 31 governments, and is largely staffed by F'AO, is to allocate short food suppl.ies for the duration of the emergency. World Food Surv.ey: Meanwhile a group of experts. assembled by F AO was compiling a longer term Worl'cJ! :Food Survey. Published in July, 1946, the Survey shows the food supp1ies available before 1939 in 70 countries, with a total population cf 90 per cent of the world's people. About 5 out of every 10 people in the world were subsisting before the war at a food consumption !'eve! too low to maintain normal health. Not more than a third of the total population was a!)ove rt:hat level, while the intermediate fraction subsisted at a borderline level'. World Food Proposals : In September, 1946, Sir John \Boyd Orr, Director-General of iFAO, submitted the World Food Survey together with proposals for dealing w~th the THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW world's long-term food problems to the FAO Conference at Copenhagen. The Conference accepted the objectives of these "proposals 'for a Wforld !Food Board," namely, Developin1 g and organizing produc· t1-on, distribution and utilization of .the basic foods to provide diets on a health stwnidard for peoples of aU countries, and Stabilizi,ng agricultural prices at levels fair to producers and consumers alike. Preparatory Commis\'!ion Report: A Preparatory Commission com· posed of the representatives of 17 coun. tries was then set up. It met in 1 Wash· iugton .in October 194.6 to develop concrete suggestions for· an ihitergovern· mental program to carry out the objectives of the Orr proposals. Vis:count Bruce, former Prime Minister of Australia, was the independent chairman of the commission. The Repo11t of the Commission, ·published in February 1947, recommend· e<l: I I Full agricultural production, to be stimulated by the expansion of consuwption. Industrial expansion in undeveloped countrie\S to create purchasing power and expand trade. Intergo1JernmentC1Jl commodity arrangements and agreements to stabilize agricultural prices, create famine reserves, and where prac· ticable dispose of surpluses under special arrangements to improve nutrition. Annual review of national produc.tion and nutritional programs in connection with the F AO Conference. A World Food Council of 1,8 member governments of FAO to carry ·out the functions of the annual review between the Conferences, ivith special attention to the food (llnd agriculture aspects of pro· posed arid existing imlternational commodity arrangements. From SOUVENIR, Food and Agriculture Organization CONFERENCE at Baguio, February 23 to March 17, 1948, pp. 17-24. !UllllllUlmU!UllllL!l"'"!IUlllll!l'llllUllllH"!llllUIUllllll!lllllllllllllUl!ll"lllllUlllllll!llllUll!llllllU illlllll"Ul lll"'"lllMlllllll!"lllllll!lllllll!IUllltlUllllllmllllUl!lllllllllOlllllm•111111m11um111111>11111mm11l111u't llUlllll\llllllllllllllllllll!\lllllllllllllltlH11t»:_'. ·''""'""'""'""'"'""""""""""""·' . ~ I GENERAL SPORTING CO., INC. Publisher & Dealer in Athletic Equipment 639 Evangelista, Manila ---oOu--Supplementary Readers . . . . 1'eacking Device• I ~ i 1.:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::~::::::::::::::~~::::::~"~':!:~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::;::::~;:::::::::::::~~::::::::::::::::~::::~::::::::::::~:::::::';:~~~=~~:::::::::::~;::~:::~~:~:~:.:..:::::::::::::.~-· ,_! JUNE, 1949 Page 327 Historical Document - THE MAURA LAW* Royal Decree of May 19, 1893 Your Majesty: Communal government, above any other political institution, is always a factor of importance in the welfare and prosperity of peoples; and when nations are still in their swaddling-clothes, the influence of their municipal organization is still rnore decisive. , The close and daily contact between the lives of indiyiduals and of families and the wonted ways of the masses that constitute the nation makes unbearable -if they are enforced, and even makes such enforcement problematical-whatever laws are passed on a gi•ven subject due regard to the customs, traditions. and temperament of the natives. It follows, therefore, that the clever schemes, which theoretically appear perfect, are useless; as are the examples an:d the usages which experience has demonstrated to be good in othe1· nations of different eivilization and customs. The municipal system must l::e based upon that which is well rooted and is generally accepted, without nevertheless, foregoing the correction of e!Tors, the righting of abuses·, and the measured amelioration of human society according to the laws of Nature. The local institutions of the Philip]Jine Archipelago have sunk to such a stage of decadence and flux that Ruch portions thereof as have not become tainted are atrophied and useless. There scarcely remain the mimes of the positions, ranks, and offices whereof the administrative organization of the towns securely consisted and upon which it was based; and what were formerly honors and eminent positions eagerly sought for by men of light and leading have become despised offices·, when not instruments of personal cupidity. To review the various causes * As translated by Vicente M. Hilario ftom Paterno, Pedro A.: El Re_qimen Municipal en las Islas Filipinas (Madrid 1893); See appendix C, Laurel'o Local Government in the Philippines. Page 328 of the harm done is of less importance than to seek the remedy therefor· but it cannot be ignored that even in those causes which, with good reason, may be charged to the bungling measures of the Government, there will be noticed the traditional imprint of our policy in the Philippines, which contii.ues matchless in the colonial history of nation.s, consisting, as it does, in an <:bsolute disinterestedness and a consistent magnanimity of purpose. ---'fhe general Administration assumed cares which are naturally incumbent upon the P1incipalias and consequently it was under obligations to take charge also of the administration of the local funds, with the expectation of better results than those obtained in ! heir management by the native tribunals. It erred in the degree of confidence, so difficult to determine, which rnn be placed in the autonomous administration of any town and in the estimate of the effective resources which the State has there at its disposal, in order that its administration might be beneficial and its tutelary solicitude might be productive of good to the subjects. F'or many years has the remedy been studied and prepared, the error bein'g known; and not long ago, an instructive report, which the undersigned Minister requested of the Council of the Philippines and of the possessions of the Gulf of Guinea, was added to the data and reports on the reform of municipal government which had been collected since 1870. The Royal Decree of November 12, 1889, announced and prepared, as a temporary measure in the period of change, the reform which is now undertaken; it ratified the authority granted the Governor-General to create municipalities, similar to the government of the City of Manila, in the capital of each province an:d in the other towns whose importance justified it. But up to the present time, such THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW municipalities have been created only in the capitals of the provinces of Albay, Batangas, Camarines Sur, llocos Sur, in the capital of the district of Cebu, and in1 the cities of J aro and Iloilo. It should be noted that side by side with such governments, the Principalias and the traditional institutions are still in existence within the same municipal boundaries. Now the question is: how to set right, not the few P.xceptions, but· the municipal organization of the towns generally, in Luzo11 as well as in the Visayas; and for this reason there are preserved in the attached draft of the Decree, in so far as the conditions of the preS€nt period will permit, the historical elements of the old regime and even the designations which hav.e bee,n hallowed by custom among the natives. The ~-ery great difference which is observed among the towns of those provinces would make this Decree impracticable, if it were to contain minute :regulations which would have to be c~.rried out undiangingly in all these provinces. Only such organic laws have been established as appear sufficien. t to define the constitution and mode of operation of the local administration, thf' details conforming to the conditions of each district heing left to the regulations which are to be drafted, revised, a!l.d approved for each province. In the preparation and approval of these regulations, the main object must be to secure an added, not a reduced, simplicity which is to be sought in the 0rganization and conduct of the loca1 institutions. Care has been taken to avoid the organization of the secretarial or other similar professions as an integral part of the administration of the towns. It would be contrary to the pristine intention of the reform scheme to place on the same level with the authorities and officers of the town, who are electi'i e and temporary, those nominal public servants who, in; view of their permanency and the general character of the natives, would easily degenerate into irresponsible and dissembling wirepullers of the Administration. At each JUNE, 1949 appointed time, let every tribunal seek its servants; but the law takes no direct concern · of them. The sphere, wherein the attached Decree grants to the municipal courts an unrestricted and special jurisdiction, is circumscribed to genuinely local interests, in so far as it is possible to distinguish them from the general interests with which they are. always 'i.mited in an indissoluble manner; and within this limited jurisdiction, provided that the general interest& and the obedience to law are observed, t,he higher authorities must consider that the tempprary advantage of improving some measures does not counterbalance ihe permanent injury which is caused by hamstringing and crushing local initiative. 'When the administration o;f the persons elected or of the delegates of a Principalia is defective, there wiH, nevertheless, be the peculiar advantage that their errors, unavoidable as they are, can be ascribed only to the selfsame natives of the towns, in whose hands lies the remedy for the future. Wffthout depriving them of the opportunity of. testing themselves in the management of their interests and in rnpplying the necessities of the town itself, the following will be found contributory to practical wisdom: first. the attendance of the parochial priest, who shall discharge duties of supervision and counsel at the more important delil:erations; and seconply, thP. censorship of the provincial\ board, which will be a real aid to the municipaT tribunals and the Principalias of each province, unlike the deputations in the Peninsula. Such boards are not to have charge of the direct adminisc t·ation of the provinces.; their mis·sion consists in exercising vigilant supervision o'Ver the progress of communal affairs in the towns, and in advising the governors irt matters of th's character. The cabezas de baranqay will, by virtue of this Decree, be placed in a more advantageous position than is their present one; and better services may be demanded and expected of them, taking, as they always did, such an essential part in the collection of taxes and Page 329 thereby facilitating the relations of the Government with the governed. Such sources of revenue, whose nature is unequivocally municipal, are removed from under the management of the State officials, in order that 1hey may be placed to the credit of, or de· posited in, the treawry of the town within whose jurisdiction that may be collected. To the Municipal Tribunals Pre en' " -~tprl seri· ices which they and their rnbordinates . alone can g1:tuge, regulate, and improve; so that the interest, the responsibility, and the re'ources wherewith to meet the primary requirements of civil life will be in their own hands, the. State preserving an<l retaining under its own safekeeping the recuniary means and the obligations and cares required by the other branch_ es of the service with· the aid of Local Fund0-services which, for the present at least, are in need of this guarantee in order that the general interests will not be neglected in any place or at an, y time. Without the general Administration abandoning or diminishing the public works, but always reckoning on the op;1ortunity to be able to make full and licit use of the personnel and money at its disposal for the expeditious and encouraging performance of such tasks, and at the same time making new plans work cheek by jowl with the old, the Principalias of the towns are them· &ehres placed in a position to be able to proceed with the execution or initiation of such material improvements as are of particular interest to one town, or to several towns which may join 1heir common interests for one such enterprise. The concentration of the Joe_ al services in the hands of the general Administration has stood for too long a period to permit us to expect ·now that this initiative will rouse itself abruptly into vigorous. action; but the i·se of the powers which will be Tested in thP Municipal Tribunals and the daily presoure of p:iblic business will ii' duce them sooner or later not to >quander the resources en trusted i·n their hands. It waR not po:o:sible to place funds, which were included in the budgets Page 330 managed by the State under a varied range of powers, at the disposal of the ~owns for their local needs, because such funds are too deficient for the improvements which only the skill, the perseverance, and the ·power of the State itself can carry out. But because of the circumstance that in most of the towns the sources of revenue will not furnish sufficient funds for such works, after the other permanent and unshirkable necessities have been met, the local corporations are empowered 1o create a direct tax-for their own benefit-on rural property, which as yet is not ta"ed in the Philippines. The simplicity and the relati,ve ease wherewith this tax can be collected and administered and the well known fact that rnch an impost--when its proceeds are to be utilized solely and exclusively for works beneficial to the town masseswill repay full returns to the resources thus taxed, - all these advantages vouchsafe the hope that the tax will establish itself in the more advanced towns an<l will l::ecome more popular according as the rural property will be so substantially developed as to be in a position to support such a tribute, [tnd as the advance in culture will make felt those needs which lie beyond the I each of the present - excise. The undersigned Minister will shortly submit, for the approval of Your Majesty, another decree to change the rules governing the sale and adjustments of public lands, greatly favoring ar: d faci.litating the acqµisHion and consolidation of individual property. ,For this end also, and for other purpo>es, are intended the important reforms in the Mortgage Law, whereof ?n account will also be given soon to Your Majesty. For this reason, municipal tribunals are at the present time forbidden to '.mpose a new tax on cultivated rural property, if they did not make such an impost applicable also to uncultivated property. The soda! and economic conditions of the towP.13 of the Philippines do not permit that. public lands be reserved for persons aflplyi-ng for them at the co>t of a large outlay which is suffiTHE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW cient capital to place suc.h tracts under cultivation; and if their acquisition is to be facilitated, there is need of overcoming the ecqnomic obstacles in the sydem, as ev inced by experience, so as to prevent thereby that the land be r.eld for speculative purposes by leisurely idlers, as our mining· laws do with regard to the subsoil. The tax on rural property, like that on registered mining claims, should encourage the owners to work the land, or. to abandon' and leaye it for those men who, through labor and capital, rernly,e, to make it give up its bounties. To the rnt1rces of reve1ne of the towns is added the personal service tax, which is a most valuable asset if administered and utilized with hon=sty and intelligent zeal. ·The employment in community undertakings of the persons s:ibject to such a tax will, of course, stimulate the acquisition of the nches which Nature holds out to us, and will compel the administrators of the towns to provide the necessary funds with the m ea1~,g allowed them. Certain regulations adapted to the system now established, which the Governor-General will approve after a re· port thereon by the Council of Admini,tration, ought to pre;ent the abuses to which the personal service tax is always subject. A most important matter for similar regulations will be the form of accounting for, and of managing the funds of, 'lhe towns; for neither will there be any omission of the inflexible norm necessary to preclude malversat ion and co1" ruption, nor will there be any seeking after that state of perfection which is incompatible with the customs and conditionR of that country. The Decree proposed to Your Majesty lays down only divers bases which are known to be rnfficient in counselling simplicity in development. The bootless repetition of proceeding:>, which would call for a !)eriodical renewal of municipal budgets, is shurnned; and as it is impractic'lble to suppress altogether every rule which will bring to normalcy the receipts and expenditureo, pro• is·' on is JUNE, 1949 made for the preparation d a statement of each, in order that it may rontinue for an indefinite period, although a,nticipating always the possibility of modifying the rule so as to adapt it to the inevitable changes of circumstance. It is required at all events that the (1Xpenditures be kept within the maxim .1m lim"t of the net receipts; and through the permar:·ence of the regular budgets and the prohibition of. the introduction of any change in them rllll" ing the course of the calendar year-a change which mu~t be postponed to the following year, even after its appronll -a statement and audit of the annual ?C"ou nts j3 mad'e readily and most expeditiously. Any extraordinary or incidental expenditure, as well as any work undertaken at the expen·se of ·the municipality, must be excluded from the permanent b'udget and from the (•r dinary annual a ~count; and all the resolutions, acts and obje:ts of apprornl, resources, the liquidation and account relating to these unusual or ac· cidental disbursements shall b~ treated ::-eparately. The needs of the go . ernmental system and the powers of constitt;,~ed authorities are safeguarded in regarr! to the general Admi.nistration as well as the provincial governments, by n>eans of the sections of 1 the Decree reregulating the s:ispension and removal of the members or of the corporations that are to administer the local affairs; but in the even tenor of things, much latitude is allowed the Princi,pa.Zia.s, a.nd all that is most essential to the good management of the community interest8 in every town is. made dependent upon their initiati\:e and sense of responsi' Lility. The subordinate and superior agencies to which are entrusted the tasks of super vision, advice, and review will r:o doubt be able to i·nduce discretion and ob~iate the .need of applying remedies. for losses and abuses. But they cannot assume the powers of the local au thorities; and because s:ich agencies cannot destroy, but only direct them, it is to be hoped that the · E m ancipation of each town in the adPage 331 ministration of its private affairs will J>e as lasting as the success of the reform will dictate. Although the beneficent consequences of this emancipation-which in no case can be immediate-would be slow or scarce, yet they must be awaited without the fear that the management of the towns will make any worse the present condition of the affairs which may be entrusted to them, as well as with· l•Ut the slightest dread regarding the ser1 ices of general interests, because the latter are retained in the hands of the Administration, until experience will have evinced that they would be safe an.d advantageous-ly placer! in the hands of the Principalias. The betterment of the Jqcal institutions does not hinge solely upon the policy of the Government. Time, wedded to persevering effort, is more neces~ary now on account of the condition cif our nathe ,FjJipinos, who have been subjected for so long a time to a b;,ingling centralization of town and country r.ffairs; but the undersigned Minister hopes that, in the near future, the pri.n· ciples and regulations he proposes to Your Majesty-more than any other plans now engrossing attention-will be contributory to the profit and progress of that people whom Providence has committed• to the generous tuteJr,ge of the Spanish monarchs. It would be bootless to expect that they wou!d display such initiative as the people of another race, of different culture and habits, might evince under an identical autonomous municipal government; but it does not even appear considerate to regret that things be thus and so, became each people must Ii'Ve according to its idiosyncrasies. It is preferable to compromise; and it would .savor of tyranny to impose upon subjects: what they detest or repel, however perfect :t may be. The more singular and mor" i·nconstant the condition of the inhabitrnts of the Philippine Archipelago 1s, the greater should be the consideration i:iven to the reform which resµects local differences, prepossessions, and initiative, instead of dwarfing and thwarting them with vehement longing for thrir Page 332 Republic of the Philippines COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS M;rnila LIST OF MUNICIPAL OFFICIALS ELECT November 11, 1947 Elections (Continued from April number) PROVINCE OF BOHOL ALBURQUERQUE Mayor ... . . ... Placido M. Mantiza (L) Vice·Mayor ...... Gemeniano Bufigabon (L} Councilors: 1. Seve;o Pin lac (L ), 2. Domingo Pamaos (L) 3. Luc:o Jay (L) 4. Valeriano Bufigabong (N) 5. Dionisio Camiling (L) 6. Nicomedes Solis (N) ANDA Mayor ............... Aquilino A. Deligero (L} Vice-Mayor ........ Santiago Amper (L) 1. Ramon C. Amper (L) 2. Alfonso Castillo ( L) 3. Santiago Deloso (L) 4. Antonio Deligero (N) 5. Fructuoso Olalo (L) 6. Filomeno Amora ( N) ANTEQUERA Mayor ................ Luis B. Gementiza (L} Vice-Mayor ........ Gregorio Bahalla (L) Councilors: 1. Eugenio Bolanio (L) 2. Maximo Refamonte (N) 3. Pedro Baloria (L) 4. Ramon Aler'a (L) 5. Doroteo Putane ( N) 6. Basilio Samocino (N) BACLAYON Mayor ................ Osmundo L. · Oppus (L} Vice-Mayor ....... Eleuterio R. Ramo (L) Councilors: 1. Victorino Sambas (N) 2. Cesar:o Ugat (L) 3. Restituto Oppus ( N) imprcivement. Supported by these reasons, the undersigned, w" ith the concurre.nce of the Coundl of Ministers, has the honor to ~ubmit to Your Majesty the attached draft of decree. At the Royal Feet of Your Ma_ie;ty, ANTONIO MAURA Y MONTAN'ER. Madrid, May 19, 1893. (To be continued) THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW 4. Paulino Iyog (N) 6. Isidoro Comique ( N) 6. Luis Lambo (N) BALILIHAN Mayor ..... . ... Balbino Chatto (N) Vice-Mayor ........ Agustin Racho (N) Councilors: 1. Lucio Lomantas (Independent) 2. Agustin Orilla (L) 3. Constancio Luiigay ( N) 4. Toribio Quiiio (N) 5. Alejandrb J ala 6. Luis Salibay (N) BATU AN Mayor .. . ...... Selvino Jumauid (L) Vice-Mayor ........ Eutiquio A. Bag-ao (L) Councilors: 1. Constancio Docot (L) 2. Simeon Sumampong (L) 3. Daniel Gapas (L) 4. Fermin Ancog (L) 5. Marcelino Barri! (L) 6. Nemesio Gumapac (L) BIL AR Mayor ............... Aniano Dagoldol (L) Vice-Mayor ........ Honorato Macalolot (L) Councilors: 1. Anatalio Barcena (L) 2. Lucas Uyamot (JJ) 3. Buenaventura Ganub (L) 4. Celerino Decasa (L) 5. Vicente Maligmat (L) 6. Clemente Espina (L) CALAPE Mayor ............... Pedro Dumadag (L) Vice-Mayor ........ Victorio Ponla (L) Councilors: 1. Juan Orion (L) 2. Cipriano Mozo (L) 3. Nicomedes Garay (L) 4. Esmenio Jumamoy (L) 5, Sabiniano Ponteres (L) 6. Fermin Tayabas (L) 7. Manuel V. Garces (N) 8. Gabino Abarquez (N) CANDIJAY Mayor ................ Graciano Bertumen (L) Vice-Mayor ........ Crisostomo Muring (L) Councilors: 1. Julian Cagape (L) 2. Nicanor Janoyan (L) 3. Teofila Villoria (L) 4. Zacarias Bayron (L) 5. Gregorio Cuso (L) 6. Sinforoso Olaso (L) JUNE, 1949 CARMEN Mayor .. .. Procopio Trabajo (L) Vice-Mayor· ....... Ramon Torrefranca (L) Councilors; 1. Marcelo Lomosbog (L) 2. Irineo Sarte (L) 3. Gelasio Mangmang (L) 4. Andres Buaya (L) 5. Juan Oro (L) 6. Enrique Loremia (L) CLAR IN Mayor ... .. ...... Victoriano C. Poquita (L) Vice-Mayor ........ Mateo B. Dacapio (N) Councilors: 1. Ubaldo Mula (N) 2. Pedro Toiiacao ( N) 3. Marcelino Cequiiia (L) 4. Martin Patindol (L) 5. Pantaleon Vitorillo (N) 6. Ramon Maglajos L) CORELLA Mayor ... Adriano Tumala (N) Vice-Mayor ........ Felicisimo Tugonnon(N) Councilors: 1. Hilario Lumactud (N) 2. Domingo Curayag (N) 3. Tito Vale (N) 4. Eugenio Lumantao (N) 5. Gregorio Badiang (N) 6. Dionisio Mafayao (N) CORTES Mayor ........ : Vidal T . Hangad (L) Vice-Mayor .. Honorio Labor (L) Councilors: 7. Prudencio Renegado ( L) 2. Esteban Luman as (L) 3. Esteban Bermudo (L) 4. Gabino Cubayag (L) 5. Santiago Payot (L)° 6. Jose Pana (L) DAU IS Mayor ........... Tranquilino Tuason (L) Yice-Mayor .... Antonio Loquellano (L) Councilors: 1 . Dominador Penales ( L) 2. Anisio Hontanosas (L) 3. Marcelo Pinsoy (L) 4. Macario Guillena (L) 5 . Pablo Bolos (L) 6. Teofilo Nistal (L) DI MIAO Mayor ............ Sergio Acuram (L) Vice-Mayor .... Sixto Sala (N) Councilors: 1. Rosendo Hamili (L) Page 333 2. Gelanio Gallego (L) 3. Ram_ on Galles (L) 4. Eustaquio Tapulayan (N) 5. Daniel Balazo (N) 6. Antonio Dajao (N) DU ERO .'lfayor ------------Pedro M. Cagasan (L) Vice-Mayor ____ Crispolo Achacoso (L) Councilors: 1. Mario Nalogon (L) 2 . Antonino Abrea (L) 3. Hilario Betonlo (L) 4 . Pedro Asibal ( L) 5 . Nemisio Berni! (L) _ 6. Simeon Peligro .(N ) GARCIA-HERNA:rjDEZ Mayor _----------Cirilo Ranario (L) Vice-Mayor ---- Anacleto P. Cadiz (L) Co11ncilors: 1. Felix Sagusay (L) 2. Panfilo Salarda (L) 3. Leoncio Gallentes (L) 4 . Francisco Mac use ( L) 5. 0Estanislao Paglinawan (L) 6. Norberto Acero ( L) GUINDULMAN Mayor ------------ Gregorio R. Rana (L) Vice-Mayor ____ Numeriano Olaer (N) Councilors: 1. Inocentes 0. Amora (L) 2. Nestorio Salazar (L) 3. Vicente Canete (L) 4. Guillermo Besinga (N) 5. Aquilino B. Castro (L) 6. Eleuterio Granada (N) INABANGA Mayor ------------Margarito G. Ai\ana (L) Vice-Mayor---- Jesus Jimenez, Sr. (L) Councilors : 1. Lorenzo Jimenez (L) 2. Teodulo Ai\ora ( L) 3 . Pedro G. Gucor (L) 4. Gregorio Aparece (L) 5. Magdaleno Mar (L) 6 . Teofilo Melecio (L) JAGNA Mayor _ ___________ Antonio Galope (L) Vice-Mayor .... Inocencio Gales (L) Councilors : 1. Eriberta V. Cagampang (L) 2 . Donato Galia (L) 3 . Leon Madrona (L) 4. Sisenanda Cafe (L) 5 . Ireneo Acenas (L) 6. Pedro Cagata (L) Page 334 JETAFE Mayor ____ ------- Agripino E. Pogoy (L) Vice-Mayor ___ : Salomon de! Rosario (L) C.;iuncilors : 1. Prudencio E . Pogoy (L) 2. Santiago Torreon (L) 3. Jacinto Travero ,(L) 4. Fortunato Membreve (L) 5. Mauro Fuentes (L) 6. Catalino Cai\izar (L) LIL A l\Iayor ____ Filoteo Balandra (L) Vice-Mayor __ Vitaliano Jlogon (L) Councilors: 1. Agapito Japson (L) 2 . Ilufino Gamay (L) 3. Lazaro Cahiles (L) 4 . Candelario Caga-anan (L) 5. Magdaleno Taganahan (L) 6. Calixto Lagria (N) IOAY Mayor ___________ _ Isidro Inting (L) Vice-Mayor ___ Francisco Tumampos (L) Councilors: 1. Filomena Ductama (L) 2. Jesus Jimenez (L) 3. Gregorio Yumo (L) 4. Gabriel Sagaral (L) 5. Consorcio Maniwan (L) 6 _ Fernand·o Enerio ( L) LOBOC Mayor ------------ Benigno !neon (N) Vice-Mayor ___ Anacleto Sarigumba (L) Councilors: 1. Fulgencio Jimenez ~. Joaquin Boncaras (N) 3. Dionisio Jdao (L) · 4 . Pastor Maceren (L) 5. Esperedion Anino (L) 6. Tomas Dango (N) L 0 0 N Mayor ------------ Geronimo Lituai\as (L) Vice-Mayor _ _ _ _ Eusebio Literatus (L) Councilors : 1. Pedro Mesina (N) 2 . Donato Som brio (L) 3. Julio Bordios (L) 4 . Filemon Miranda (L) 5. Felipe Luchana (N) 6 . Antonio Marimon (N) MABIN I Mayor ------------ Alejandro J. Cadigal (L) v;ce-Mayor ---- Isidro Butil (L) THE LOC;\L GOVERNMENT REVIEW Ccnncilors: 1. Anatalio B. Felicio (N) 2. Benito Guisona (L) 3. Proceso Salaum (L) 4. Victor Valmoria (L) 5. Marciano Bernante (L) 6. Dionisio Muring (L) MARIBOJOC Mayor ............ Felicisimo Echavez (L) Vice-Mayor ... Abundio Jabines (L) Councilors: 1. Felipe Ramis~ (L) 2 . Restituto Bacareza (L) 3. Froctuoso Redulla (N) 4. Exequiel ReduJla (N) 5 . Sulpicio Gental.lan (N) 6. Daniel Echavez (Independent.) PANGLAO Mayor ............ Teofilo Arcay (L) Vice-Mayor .... Pedro Ter~ (L) · Councilors : 1. Leonardo Clay (L) 2. Gregorio D. Arbon (L) 3 . Julian Fuego (L) 4. Adreano Hora (L) 5. Tadio Arcay (L) 6 . Bonifacio Bongay (L) ~EVILLA Mayor ............ Arcadio Caberte (L) Vice-Mayor .... Aquilino Ferniz (L) Councilors: 1. Gaudencio Marfe (L) 2. Pio K. Lomor (L) 3. Priscilo Varquez (L) 4. Laureano Ratilla (L) 5 . Simon Gumapac (L) 6. Pedro Jumawid (L) SIERRA-BULLONES Mayor ........... Ignacio B. Unajan (L) Vice-Mayor .... Consorcio 0. Tutor (L) Councilors: l. Cayetano Balistoy (N) 2 . Nemesio Cagas (L) 3. Domingo Cahate (L) 4. Agustin Muring (N) 5. Cresineiano Acapulco ( N ) 6. Gualberto Buslon (N) SIKATUNA Mayor ............ Fidel Ellorimo (L) 1. Mariano Dalagan (L) 2. Juan Bolinao (L) 3. Nicanor Baco (L) 4. Baceliso Baco (N) 5. Geraldo Bagol (L) 6 . Mariano Silagan (N) JUNE, 1949 ,. TAGBILARAN Mayor ............ Pedro Belderol (L) Vice-Mayor .... Hilarion Zamora (L) Councilor$: 1. Miguel Parras (L) 2. Eugenio In ting (L) 3. Juan Cacho (L) 4. Antonio Pahang (N) 5. Leoncio Redondo (L) 6. Pablo Buhion (L) 7. Cayetano Ligason (L) 8. Anatolio Matig-a (N) TALIBON llfayor .... Eulalio E. Revilles (L) Vice-Mayor Pio Mabanag (L) C•rnncilors.: 1. Ernesto Flores (L) 2. Graciano Ca vanes (L) 3. Lino Valmores (L) 4. Simeon Auza (L) 5. Joaquin Rosales (L) 6. Bonifacio Torregosa (L) TRINIDAD Mayor .. ......... Pedro S. Boncales (L) Vice-Mayor-Joaquin Company (Lj Councilors: 1. Isabelo Mumar (L) 2. Vicente Boncales (L) 3. Margarito Cambangay (L) 4. Diego Nuez (L) 5. Marcos Puracan (N) 6. Federico Evangelista ( N) TUBIGON Mayor ............ Lucrecio S. Paraguya (L) Vice-Mayor .... Espiritu Lebita (N) Councilors: 1. Leopoldo Bagolor (L) 2. Agripino Yosoya (L) 3. Maximo Abarquez (N) 4. Macario Q. Falcon (N) 5. Pedro L. Petalcorin (N) 6. Desederio Labella (L) 7". Restituto Bongabong (L) 8. Liberato Labastilla (N) UBAY Mayor ............ Lucio Gutanda (N) Vice-Mayor···: Amado Espera (N) Councilors: 1. Melquiades G. Reyes (N) 2. Vicente Maboloc (N) 3. Ricardo 0. Boyles (N) 4. Victorino Reyes (L) 5. Alejandro Amolat (L) 6. Lorenzo Reyes (N) (Continued on page 3Z4) Page 836 U. S. Supreme Court Decision - USE OF STREETS PARADE AND PROCESSION Willis Cox Walter Chaplinsky, John Ko'"ides, et al., appellants, v. State of New Hampshire, Vol. 85, No, 11, Law ed. Advance Opinions, p. 702, March 31, 1941; Hiighes ; C.J . 1. LICENSE; CONSTRUCTION; USE OF STREETS; MEANING OF "PARADE OR PROCESSION."-A group of fifteen to twenty persons marching along a sidewalk in single file carrying signs and placards constitutes a "parade or procession" upon a public ,street within the meaning of a state statute requiring persons so using the streets to obtain a special license therefor. · . 2. CONSTITUTIONAL LAW; RIGHT OF ASSEMBLY; FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND PRESS; USE OF STREETS; LICENSE STATUTE.-A statute requiring persons using the public streets for a parade or procession to procure a special license therefor from the local authorities is not an unconstitutional abr,idgment of the rights of assembly or of freedom of speech and press, where, as the statute is construed by the state courts, the licensing authorities are strictly limited, in the issuance of licenses, to a consideration of the time, place, and manner of the parade or procession, with a view to conserving the public convenience and of affording an opportunity to provide proper policing, and are not invested with arbitrary discretion to issue or refuse licenses, but are required to exercise their discretion free from improper or inappropriate considerations and from unfa·ir · die.crimination. 3. CONSTITUTIONAL LAW; POLICE POWER; USE OF HIGHWAYS.-Wh~rc a restriction of the use of highways is designed to promote the public convenience and the interest of all, it cannot be disregarded by the attempted exercise of some civil right, which in other cii·cumstances would be entitled to protection under the Constitution. 4. CONSTITUTIONAL LAW ; RIGHT OF ASSEMBLY; FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND PRESS; USE OF STREETS; P.age 336 AMOUNT OF LICENSE FEES.-The fixing of license fees for the use of public streets for parades or processions at amount::; ranging from a nominal sum of $300 is not an unconstitutional abridgment of the right of assembly or of freedom of speech and press, where, as the statute is construed by the state courts, the fee is intended merely to meet the expen;;;e of maintaining public ord.er incident . to the parade or procession, and is to be determined according to the size of such parade or process!on and the expen~e of policing it; there being no constitutional ground for requiring the authorities to fix a flat fee for all parades or processions regardless of size and expense. 5. CONSTITUTIONAL LAW; RELIGIOUS FREEDOM; USE OF STREETS; PARADE OR PROCESSION.-A statute requiring persons using the public streets for a parade or procession to procure special license therefor from the local authorities, does not constitute an unconstitutional interference with reUgious worship or the practice of religion, as applied to a group marching along a single file carrying signs and placards advertising their religious beliefs. Appeal by defendants from a judgment of the Supreme Court of the State of New Hampshire .affirming a judgment of conviction in the Superior Court upon an appeal from a conviction in the municipal cour't of Manchester in a prosecution for violation of a state statute prohibiting a parade or proces" sion upon a public street without a special license. Affirmed. Mr. Hayden Covington argued the cause for appellants. Mr. Frank R. Kenison, of Concord, New Hampshire, argued the cause for appellee. Mr. Chief Justice Hughes delivered the opinion of the Court: Appellants are five "Jehovah's Witnesses" who, with sixty-three other& of tie same persuasion, were convicted in THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW the municipal court of Manchester, New Hampshire, for violation of a state statute proh_ ibiting a "parade or procession" upon a public street without a special license. Upon appeal, there was a trial de novo of these appellants before a jury in the Superior Court, the other defendants having agreed to abide by ithe final decision in that proceeding. Appellants were found guilty and the judgment of conviction was affirmed by the Supreme Court of the State. State v. Cox, 90 NH-, 16 A (2d) 508. By motions and exceptions. appellarnts raised the-questions that the statute was invalid under the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution of the United States in that it deprived appellants of their rights of 'freed.om @f worship, freedom of speech and press, rend freedom of assembly, vested unreasonable and unlimited arbitrary and dliscriminatory powers in the licensing authority, and was vague and indefinite. These corntentions were overruled and the case comes here on appeal. The statutory prohibition is as follows (New Hampshire; P.L. chap. 145, sec. 2) : "No theatrical or dramatic repre<:entation shall be performed or exhibited, and no parade or procession upon any public streeit or way, and no open.air public meeting upon any ground abutting thereon, shall be permitted, unless a special license therefor shall first be obtained from the selectmen of the town, or from a licensing committee for cities hereinafter provided for." * * * The facts, which are conceded by the :.>.ppellants to be established by the evidence, are these: The sixty-eight defendants and twenty other persons met at a hall in the Ci:ty of Manchester on the {;Vening of Saturday, July 8, 1939, "for the purpose of engaging in an information march." The company was divided into four or five groups, each with about fifteen to twenty persons. Each group then proceeded to a differernt part of the business district of the city and there "would line up iP single-file formati_ on and then proceed JUNE, 1949 to march along the sidewalk, 'singlefile,' that is·, following one anothen." Each of the defendants carried a small staff with a sign reading "Religion is a Snare and a Racket" and on the reverse "Serve God and Christ the King." Some of the marchers carried placards bearing the E''.atement "Fascism or Freedom. Hear Judge Rutherford and 'Face the Facts." The marchers also, handed out printed leaflets announcing a meeting to be held at a later 1time in the ha!! from which they had started, where a talk on government would be ~iven to the public free of charge. Defendants_ did not apply for a permit and none waB issued. There was a dispute in the evidence as to the distance between the marchers. Defendants said that they were from fifteen 11:o twenty feet apart. The State insists that the evidence clearly showed that the "marchers were as close together as it was possible for them to walk." Appellants concede that this dispute is not material to the questions pr€sented. The recital of facts which prefaced the opinion of the state court thus summarizes the effect of the march : "Manchester had a population of over 75,000 in 1930, and there was testimony . that on Saturday night in an hour's time 26,020 persons o:>.ssed one of the interEe~t;ons where tl:e defendants marched. The marchers interfered with the normal sidewalk travel, but no ~echnical breach of the reace occurred. The march was ~ pre - arranged affair, and no permit for it was sought, although the defendants understood that under the staitute one was required." Appellants urge that each of the defendants was a minister ordained to preach the gospel in accordance with his belief and that the participation of these ministers in the march was for the purpose of disseminating information in the public irnterest and was one of their ways of worship. The sole charge against appellants was tl~at they were "taking part in a parade or procession" on public streets without a permit as the statute required. They were not prosecuted for Page 337 distributing leaflets, or for conveying information by placards or otherwise, or for issuing invitations to a public meeting, or for holding a public meeting, or for mairntaining or expressing religious beliefs. Their right to do any one of these things apart from engaging in a "parade or procession" upon a public street is not here involved and the question of the validity of. a statute addressed to any other sort of con· duct than that complained of is not before us. There appears to be no ground for challenging the ruling of the state court that appellarnts were in fac-t engaged in a parade or procession upon the public streets. As the state court observed: "It was a march in formation, and its 2dvertising and informatory purpose did not make it otherwise . . . It is immaterial that its tactics were few and simple. It is enough that it pro· ceeded in an ordered and close file as a collective body of persons on the city streeits.'' Civil liberties as guaranteed by the Constitution, imply the existence of an organized society maintaining public order without which liberty itself would be lost in the excesses of unrestrained abuses. The authority of a municipality to impose regulations in order to assure the safety and convenience of. ithe people in the use of public highways has never been regarded as inconsistent with civil liberties but rather as one of the means of safeguarding the good order upon which they ultimaitely depend. The control of travel on the streets of cities is the most familiar i!Justration of this recognition of social need. Where a restriction of the use of highways in that relation is designed to promote the public convenience in the interest of all, it can· not be disregarded by the attempted exercise of some civil right which in other circumstances would be enti1tled to protection. One would not be justified in ignoring the familiar red traffic light because he thought it his religious du;ty to disobey the municipal command or sought by that means to -Oirect public attention to an announce· ment of his opinions. As regulation Page 338 of the use of. the streets for parades and processions is a traditional exercise of control by local government, the question in a particular case is whether that control is exerted so as not to deny or unwarruntedly abridge the right of assembly and the opportunities for the communication of thought and the discussion of public questions immemorially associated wi1 th resort to public ]Jlaces-. Lovell v. Griffin, 303 U.S. 44, 451, 82 L ed 949, 953, 58 S Ct. 666; Hague v. Committee for Industrial Organization, 307 US 496, 515, 516, 83 L ed 1423, 1436, 1437, 59 S Ct. 954. Schneider v. Irvington, -308 US 147, 160, 84 L. ed 155, 164, 60 S Ct 146; Cantwell v. Connecticut, 310 US 296, 306, 84 L ed 1213, 1219, 1220, 60 S Ct 900, 128 !A.LR 1352. In the instant case, we are aided by the opinion of the Supreme Court Gf the State which construed the statute and defined the limitations of ithe authority conferred for the granting of licenses for parades and processions. The court observed that if. the clause of the Act requiring a license "for all open-air public meetings upon land contiguous to a highway" was invalid, that invalidity did not nullify the Act in its application to the other situations described. Recognizing the importance of the civil liberties invoked by appellants, the cou11t thought it sig~ificant that the statute prescribed "no measures for controlling or-suppressing the publication. on the highways of facts and opinions, ei1 ther by speech or by writ.ing ;" that communication "by the distribution of literature or by the display of ·placards and signs" was in no respect regulated by the sitac tute; that the regulation with respect to parades and processions was applicable only "to organized formations of persons using rrhe highways;" and that "the defendants, separately, or collectively in groups not cons.tituting a parade or process-ion,' were "under no conte1mplation of the Act." In 1this light, the court thought that interfer~nce with liberty of. speech and wri1 ting seemed slight; that the distribution of pamphlets and folders by the groups THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW "traveling in unorganized fashion" would have had as large a circulation, nnd thait "signs carried by members of the groups not in marching form· ation would have been as conspicuous, as published by them while in parade or procession." · It was with this view of the limited objectives of the statuite that the state court considered and -defined the duty of the licensing authority and the rights of the appellants fo a license ior t~eir parade, with regard only to considerations of time, place and manner so as to conserve the public convenience. The ·obvious adva111tage of requiring application for a permit was 11oted as giving the public authorities notice in advance so .as to, afford opportunity for proper policing. And the court further observed thait, in fixing time and place, the license served "to prevent confusion by overlapping ·pa· rades or processions, to secure convenient use of the streets by other tra· velers, and fo minimize the risk of disorder." But the court held that the licensing board was not ·vested with arbitrary power or an· unfettered: dis· cretion; thait its discretion must be ex('rcised with "uniformity of method of treatment upon the facts of each ap· plication, free from improper or in.:>ppropriate considerations and from unfair discrimination;" ithat a "syste· matic, consistent and just order of treatment, with reference to the convenience of public use of the highways, is the staitutory mandate." The defendants, said the court, "had a right, 1:mder the act, to a license to march when, where and as they did, if after a required investigation i1 t was found that the convenience of the public in the use of the streets would not ther~by be unduly disturbed, upon such condition or changes in time, place and man· ner as would avoid disturbance." If a municipality has authority to control the use of its public streets for parades or processions, as it undoubted_ ly has, it cannot be denied authority to give consideration, without unfair discrimination, to time, place and manner in relation to the other proper use JUNE, 1949 of the streets. We find it impossible to say that. the limited authority conferred ·by the licensing provisions of the statute in question as thus construed by the state court co111t.ravened ::i.ny constitutional right. There remains 1the question of license fees which, as the court said, had a permissible range from $300 to a nominal amount. 'fhe court construed the Act as requiring "a reasonable fixing of the amount of the fee." "The charge," said the court, "for a circus µarade or a celebration procession of lengith, each drawing crowds of observers, .would take into account the greater public expense of policing the spectacle, compared with the slight ex· pense of a less e~pensive and attractive parade or procession, to which rt:he charge would be adjusted." The fee was held to be "not a revenue tax, but one to meet the expense incident to the administraition of the Act and te the maintenance of public order in the matter licensed." There is nothing contrary to the Constitution in 1the charge of a fee limited to the purpose stated. The suggestion that a flait fee should have been charged fails to take account of the difficulty of framing a fair schedule to meet all circumstances, and we perceive no consti1tutional ground for denying to .local govern· ments that flex.ibility of adjustment of fees which in .the light of varying conditions would tend to ·conserve rather rthan impair the liberty sought. There is no evidence that the statute has been administered otherwise than ·in the fair and non-discriminatory manner which the state court has con· strued it to require. The decisions upon which appellants rely are not applicable. In Lovell v. Griffin, 303 US 444, 82 L ed 949, 58 S Ct 666, supra, the ordinance prohibited the" distribution of. literaiture of any kind at any time, at any place, and in any manner without a permit from the city manager, thus striking at the very foundation of the freedom of the press by subjecting it to license and censorship. In Hague, v. Com(Continued on page 345) Page 339 Ol'S:ICE OS: THE Pl\i.SIOENT OF TME. PMIUPPIMES MAL.tCAMAN PHIL.lPPINES MERA\.DRV COMMITTEE MUNICIPAl &ADGES FOR MAYOR, COUNCILO~ ~ &AalUO LIEUT • .t.CTU A\. ' tZ l (:;;t,,.,.J"/d pie/,/ J APPROVE.() &Y AUTHORITY A CT U Ai... SLZt OF TMI!. PRUIDIUlT Page 340 \ I l AMO ACTING 6!.C~ETARY fD . \-!..) THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW Activities Of The Local Governments And Their Officials Miwutes of the Conference of >Provincial Governors and City Mayors held in Ml1Jl'l!ila from Oct-0.ber 4 to 9, 1948 (Continued from May number) NO. 29. WHEREAS, this 'B:ody is cognizant of the numerous differences relative to the appointment of ~eachers in the !Public School System between th.e Division Superintendents of SchooJ.S on one hand and the Provincial Governors and / or CHy Mayors on the other hand; WHEREAS, to efficiently carry out the purposes and aims of the public school system, it is imperative, that Governors and/ or City Mayors should work in a spirit of ~mutual help and coc(peration, if not as one; WHEREAS, to iron aut such differences or to forestall subsequent differences that may arise, a policy in the matter of appointing teachers be :idopted; NOW, THEREFOR!E1 , in consideration of the foregoing premises, the Conference of Provincial Governors :rnd City Mayors has Upon motion by Governor :Felipe Azcufia of Zamboanga RESOLVED, as it hereby resolves, to request the Honorable, the Secretary of Education, Manila, to instruct the Division Superintendent of Schools to get the recommendation of the Provincial Governors and/ or City Mayors relative to the appointment of teachers in their respective divisions. RESOLVED FURTHER, to forward cqpy of this resolution to the Honorable, the Secretary of Education, Manila, for his information and appropriate action, furnishing copies hereof. to all Members of this Convention. Carried. NO. 30 WHER!E1 AS, in order to fully achieve the aims of which this Convention was called and to fully carry out the plans of this Convention as embodied in each resolution, a Committee need be formed for the purpose of working for the approval of all the resolutions passed JUNE, 1949 during the 1st convention and of this convention; NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing premise, this 'Dody has Upon motion of Mayor Esteban Mayo of Lipa City RESOLVED, as it is hereby resolved, to create a Committee to be called "Committee on i Action" to work for the :ipproval and carrying out of all the rewlutions passed during the first convention and those of the present convention of Provincial Governors and City Mayors. RESOLVED 'FURTHER, that the committee thus created shall compose of the following: Go vernor 'Enrique Braganza of Pangasinan, Chairman; Governor S•ixto Antonio of Rizal, Member; Mayor !Ponciano Bernardo of Quezon City, Member. RESOLVED FINALLY, to furnish copies of this resolution to the Chairman and Members of the Committee on Action created by this resolution for their information and guidance. Carried. NO. 31 WHEREAS, that on the morning of September 15, 1948, while the Provincial Governor of Laguna was in the office of Mr. Jose C. Aguila, Division Superintendent of Schools, for the purpose of conferring with said official on matters affecting school affairs, and while the Governor was making query relative to some school problems, the Division Superintendent was apparently very discourteous in his· reply, so the conference developed into a heated discussion; WHEREAS·, in. the course of the discussion, Mr. Aguila uttered ins• ulting remarks to the Governor which offended not only the humble person of the Governor but also the majesty of the authority of the Chief Executive Page 341 of the Province, and then and there Mr. Aguila attempted to draw his revolver, but cooler heads intervened and prevented the premeditated criminal design against the person of the Governor; WHERE,AS, such behavior of the Division Superintendent of Schools shows lack of courtesy in his dealing with his fellowmen, much less with the Chief Executive of the Province, a showing of hi& unbecoming a respectful public official-such act evidently cannot be tolerated; 'WHIE:RE!AS, with the present state of affairs existing between the Governor and· the Division S'uperintendent of Schools in the person of Mr. Aguila, the cooperation, 'llnity and harmony, so indispensable in the accomplishment of the fu'naamental objectives for which this administration has been devised cannot be achieved, and based on this fact, the~ two responsible officials cannot stand side ;by side with the other officials of the province and work and cooperate together for the benefit and welfare of the whole province of Laguna, consequently one must stEjp out fo preserve the cooperative spirit, harmony and unity among the officials in the execution of a common p·lan; WHEREAS, the Governor being elected by the people, and by the dictates of the law, he must stay until his term of office expires, and so the only alternative in a conflict of this nature is the one who holds office by the grace of an appointment must necessarily step out for the good of the i;ervice, so much so, that the people may be fortunately blessed with peace and the full promise of real security and genuine stability; NOW, THEREFORE, in view of the foregoing considerations the Conference of Provincial Governors and City Mayors has Upon motion of Governor Felipe Azcuha of Zamboanga RESOLVED, as it . hereby resolves, to request as it hereby earnestly requests the Honoraible, the Secretary of Education and the Director of Public Schools, Manila, that for the good of Page 342 the service, Mr. Jose C. Aguila be immediately transferred from the province of Laguna. . RESOLVED FURTHIE,R, that this Body renew as it hereby renews its pledge of cooperation and loyalty to yoU'r program of sound and good government in dealing with the public school system. RESOLVED FINALLY, that copies vf this resolution be furnished the Honorable, the Secretary of Education, the Director of 'Public Schools, Manila, and Honorables, Congressman ,Barretto and Fernandez of Laguna, for their information and action. Carried. NO. 32 WHEREAS, alien properties such rts land, buildings, and other improvements, have been confiscated from the enemies during the last war and turned over to the Philippine Government; 'WHEREAS, Provincial and City governments in whose jurisdiction those alien properties are situated, have urgent and important uses for them ; WHiEiREAS, housing facility for the poor and under-privileged is now a reeognized function and responsibiJ.ity of the government; and WHEREAS, it is the intention of provincial governments to subdivide these alien lands, if acquired, and dis;;ribule them at reasonable prices as lots to the poor and -the homeless, or to construct low cost housing on them to be either sold at low installment payments, or rented to poor and low incomed employees or residents; WHEREAS, it has come fo our knowledge that these alien properties are being sold to private parties through competitive bidding thereby making it necessary for the provincial or city governments to purchase these lands from private parties, or acquire other land at a high price whenever acquisition becomes necessary; NQiW THEREFORE, in view of the foregoing consideration the Conference of Provincial Governors and City Mayors has Upon motion by Mayor Ponciano Bernardo of Quezon City, be it THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW RESOL V:E[), as it hereby resolves, by the Convention of !Provincial Governors and City Mayors now assembled, to ' request His Exceilency, President Elpidio Q'llirino, to donate any or all ·alien properties confiscated from the enemies of the last war to the provincial or city governments concerned. RESOLVED F'URTHER, to forward copies of this resolution to His Excellency, the President, thru the Honorable, the Secretary of the Interior, Manila, for proper action. Carried. ·No. 33 · WHEREAS, the economic stabihty of the country depends in ·large measure upon the develqpment of infant industries and strengthening of industrial establishments designed to help rehabilitate the economic life of the people; WHERiE.AS, the Rehabilitation FinJUNE, 1949 ;mce Corporation was founded among other things to extend loans to industrial establishments needing financial help in order to en~llble them to stand en their own feet and be able to contribute to the general welfare of the people; WHEREAS, the present p~licy adc;pted by the said Rehabilitation Finance Corporation regarding loans granted to industrial concerns is very severe in that it allows only a maximum period of five years within to pay such loans granted in addition to impossible requirements; WHEREAS, the short period of five years is not enough to put industrial establishment into profitable enter-· prises or develop infant industries into successful business concerns that can help promote the economic -welfare of the people; WHEREAS, the said Rehabilitation Page 343 Corporation is granting Jong term Joans to private individuals for the construction of their homes or their houses designed for rent; WHEREAS, we find no justification for the Rehabilitation Finance Corporaton to adopt stern measures on in<lustrial loans which discourage development of infant industries; On motion by Governor Perfecto Faypon of Ilocos Sur, the Conference of Provincial Gover·nors and City Mayors RESOLV1 ED, as it is hereby resolved to request the Board of Governors of said Rehabilitation Finance Corporation to revise its adopted policy by granting more liberal and longer term of loans to industrial establishments in order to accelerate the economic development and industrialization of the country and in order to avoid the suspicion that said bank is discriminating against small industrial ventures. RESOLVED FURTHER, to furnish copies of this resolution lo His Excellency, the President of the \Philippines and to the Honorable Members of the Board of Governors of· the Rehabilitation Finance Corporation for such ac·~ion as they may wish to adopt in an <:;ffort to encourage the development of infant industries and industrial establishments requiring help from the government. Carried. No. 34 WHEREAS, this Body is cognizant of the acute unemployment problem th~t presently grips the whole country; WHEifEAS, the Government should find a way to ameliorate such situat"ion by providing work for those who are unemployed; WHEREAS, one of the ways by which the Government can provide jobs or work for the unemployed is by the undertaking of public woriks projects; NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing premises, this Body has Upon motion of Mayor Ponciano 'Biernardo of Quezon City, unanimously RESOLVED. as it hereby resolves, .to request the Honorable, the Secretary Page 344 of Public 'Wiorks and Communications, Manila, to release all funds for public works. · RESOLVED FURTHER, to forward this resolution to the Honorable, the Secretary of P.ublic Works and Commuriications, Manila, for his information and favorable consideration. Carried. No. 35 WHEREAS, this Body is cognizant .1f the fact that our native industries are not receiving sufficient protection from foreign competition; WHEREAS, it is fully imperative that our. native industries should be developed to the fullest extent, a condition necessary to have a balanced national economy; WHEREAS, to achieve these ends ndive industries should receive impetus in 1he form of an association the sole purpose of which is the protection 0£ such industries: 'WHEREAS, before the last World War there hase been an association formed for the above-mentioned purposes; NOW, THEREl FORI~\ in considera! ion of the foregoing premises this Body has Upon motion of Governor Faypon of Ilocos Sur, unanimously RESOLVED, as it hereby resolves, to reques1 t the Honorable, the Secretary of Commerce and Industry, Manila, to revive the National Economic Protectionism As1sociation (NEPA). RES'OL VED FURTHER, to forward a copy of this resolution to the Honorable, the Secretary of Commerce and Industry, Manila, for his information and kind considera:tion. (To be continued) r .... .....,...... .......................................................................... -j . . ~ ~ Compliments of ~ • RAPID BROKERAGE ~ • • ~ CO., INC. : : ~ ~ CUSTOMS BROKER ~ • • ~ 239 Dasmarifias St. Manila, P . I. : • TEL. 2-95·55 • ~ : ~AAAAAAA ........ £A+++++++++4++++•~ THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW Use of Streets . .. (Continued from pa.ye 339) mittee for Industrial Organizaition, 307 US 496, 83 L ed 1423, 59 S Ct 954, su.pra, the ordinance dealt with the exercise of the right of assembly for the purpose of communicating views; it d'id not make comforit or convenience in· the use of streets the standard of c;fficial action but enabled the local of· ficial absolutely to refuse a permit on his mere opinion · thait such refusal would prevent "riots, disturbances or disord.erly assemblage." The ordinance thus created, as the record disclosed, 2.n instrument of arbitrary suppression of. opinions on ·public questions. The court said that "unconi'.rolled official suppression of the privilege cannot be made a substitute for ·the duty to maintain order in connection with t.he ex· E:rcise of the right." In Schneider v. In ington, supra (308 US p, 163, 84 L ed 165, 60 S Ct 146) the ordinance was directed at canvassing and ban11ed unlicensed communication of :rny views, or ;the advocacy of any cau .~e. from door to door, subdect only to the power of a police officer to determine as a censor what literature might be distributed and who might distribute it. ln Cantwell v. Connecticut, supra \310 US p.· 305, 84 L ed 1218, 60 S Ct 900, 128 ALR 1352') the state dealt with .the solicitation of funds for religious causes and authorized an off.icial to de· termine whether the cause was religious one and to refuse a .permit if he determined 1t was not, thus establishing a censorship of religion. Nor is any question of peaceful picketing here involved, as in Thornhiii v. Alabama 310 US 88, 84 L ed 1093, 60 S Ot 736, and Carlson v. California 310 US 106, 84 Led 1104, 60 S Ct 746. The statute, as the state court said, is net aime'd at any restraint of freedom uf speech, and there is no bas• is for an assumption 1that it would be applied so as to prevent peaceful picketing as described in the cases cited. The argument as to freedom of wor· ship is also beside the point. No interference with religious worship or the practice of religion . in any proper sense is shown, bu• t only the exercise of local control over the use of streets for pa· rndes and processions. The judgment of the Supreme Court of New Hampshire is affirmed. REVIEW OF MAGAZINE (Continiied frorn page 346) interest in the subject of local government. 10. The editor and associate editor as well as the authors of articles, speeches, and commitments are · recog.nized authorities in the employ of the Republic. of the Philippines. 11. This magazine may be used as re· ference material in Philippine Gov_ ernment both in the intermediate grades and in the high school. It will also be useful as reference in college. 12. It is free from error i.n English and from bia~ or prejudices. I recommend this magazine for inclusion in the approved library lisw, for general re?.ding. · (Sgd.) PEDRO M. BUENAVISTA Reviewer Bureau of Public Schools JUNE, 1949 The advertisements are properly and neatly located on the pages. They are selected for their educational and social values. It is hoped that the succeeding copies will not deteriorate in purpose and quality, that they will continue to be source of priceless information and knowledge on provin.cial, city and municipal governments and that they will be of service to those who administer them as well as to the residents of the communities so that ultimately good government and good citizenship will be promoted. Recommendation: This magazine is recommended for inclmio.n in the Approved Library Lists for the secondary school for general i ea ding-. (Sgd.) MONICO A. NOPRADA Bureau of Public Schools Page 345 REVIEW OF MAGAZINE Title: THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW (Jan., F'eb., & Mar., 1949 issues) Editor: Juan F. Rivera Publisher: Mrs. Petra 0. Rivera 1. A brief review or synopsis of the magazine: The LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEV\1 magazine is an ideal reference for both provincial and mu.nicipal officials and employees. The discussions, commitments, and speeches published in this magazine deal, in most cases, with the subjects in cmmection with th~ functions of mm].icipal and prov· inclal governments. ' In the administration of government affairs especially in relation 1o provi.ncial and municipal governments, this magazine will be of great help to mayors, governors, chief of police, municipal councilors, provincial and municipal treasurers, and provincial auditors. · 2. This magazine is suitable for use fo. I P'hilippine schools as reference magazine in the teaching of Phil· ippine Government in Grade v. 1 and in the fourth year of the high school. Title: The LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW Publisher: Mrs. Petra 0. Rivera and Others. Bustamante 1Press, Manila, 1949. 'Frequency of Issue: Monthly Subscription rates: 1"10 a year; l'l a copy Comments: This magazine is a "monthly organ to promote the welfare and prosperity of the provi:nces, cities and municipalities and their inhabitants~" It is ed· ited by Atty. Juan F. Rivera, who may be considered a specialist on his line, being the Chief. of the Provincial Division of the Department of the Interior-:·· It has two purposes, namely, to supply in handy form any availab!P. information, data, or statistics concern. - ing local government administration and to acquaint all concerned · and interested fo the actual life of a municipal corporation with the legal, politic· al, social, economic, moral, and scientific development of organized society. Emphasis is· made on original materials which are of current value and irntenest in making local government admin·· istration more efficient and progressive. A careful examination of the contents snow· taste and discrimination in the 3. The content is interesting, worth- choice of material, clarity .of language, while, and socially significant. and suitability of material both to pur· 4. The content is an old material pose and reader for which the magazine treated in a .new way. is intended. As a whole the tome of 5. It is up-to-date, utilizing the latest this publication is liberal and imparavailable information of the pres- tial. Its editorial on socially important ent-day problems and conditions. topics may be considered fair, lucid, 6. It is written in a vivid and inform- and forceful. al style. True-to-life pictures of some govern7. The magazine includes a sufficient- rnent employees or officials from the ly wide range of material and ac- lowest rank to the highest national oftivities in the functions of munic- ficial, taken singly or in groups showipal and provincial governments in ing important historical events, and refation to the national govern· other pertinent illustrations make the ment. magazine concrete and interesti.ng. 8. It provides a variety of helpful sug_ The format gives an impression of gestions and i·nstructional aids. order and beauty. It makes the mate· 9. The magazine creates an abiding rial readable. (Continued on page 345) Page 346 THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW - - - -----H 0 R 0 SC 0 PE*-------Were You Born in June? JUNE 1 You are the analytical type, confident tln the premise that "thought nMkes everything fit for use." Your home life will be happy, your business life succes5ful in proportion to your abil:ty to apply a keen intelligence. JUNE 3 You are capable and have reasuniui;; faculties but will do your best work u~Jer the supervision of others. Do not Jet t his necessary leadership stunt your own ambition, rather let it bring you to greater heights. JUNE 5 Y·- u are naturally suspicious and reserved and are apt to allow your suspicions to interfere. with ,your better judgment. You will get more out of life if you forget imaginary impositions and cult.·vate an open mind. JUNE 7 Thoughtlessness and careless thinking w:ll never be a stumbling block to y-our success. Your considerat:on for others and your interest in their problems •hould make you excellent judicial material. JUNE 9 P ersons of this birth are blessed with a strong mentality but show inclination to diss:.pate this virtue without regard to profit to themselves. Less effort, more judiciously applied, will bring much greater return. JUNE 11 Guard health and strength. Conserve physical energy by a better application of mi·nd to your problems. Your abilities are best suited to work which has to do with personal solicitation, insurance, bonds, etc. JUNE 13 Success wm not come to you through chance, but rather through opportunities which you seek out and develop for yourself. You need conservatism, more of rational thinking instead of a blind faith in fate and its store. JUNE 15 The mere accumulation of money will not be of interest to vou. You have no miserly inclinations. You will find greatest success ·in banking, mortgage or trPst investment.<::.. land or real estate development of like pursuits. 'F'r&m NYAL JUNE, 1949 JUNE 3 Yours is a home-loving, friend-making disposition, given to sentiment and its expression. This tra:t will bring good returns to you financ:ally, as fnenas will have much to do with your ~ucceas. JUNE 4 Others will place much confidence in your business ability, entrusting to you nnanc1al transactions and technical legal matters. You will fulfil t hese obligations and they w'll be profitable to you. JUNE 6 Birth on this date assures a Jove of the out-of-doors, a soul that feels free only when unconfined by man-made barriers. In the teaching of others, you can develop your inclination to sports and sportsmanship. JUNE 8 If this is your birthday, an argumentative complex which leans almost to stubbornness will hinder your advancement. If you will listen to advice, think instead of argue, you will be more successful. JUNE 10 Today's child will find accomplishments in husiness easy, which to others hold much difficulty. Use th:s ability to assist others who are less fortunate. Their friendship and cooperation will give happy recollections. JUNE 12 You are endowed with exceptio~ tal faculties ·but you must use discretion in selecting your life work. ' Do not expect too much from others as your own ke.en perception makes their views of little value. JUNE 14 This day's child will make friends easily and be prone to take advantage of these friendships to further selfish interests. You have strength of will and character. Let these virtues further your success. JUNE 16 If this is your birthday, you have keen mental perception, unlimited energy and the ability to concentrate on details. You lack humaneness and are prone to set too small a value on rights and opin. ions of others. Page 347 JUNE 17 You will find g1·eater happiness in what might be termed a "hum-drum existence" than in the more extravagant mode of living.which your nature craves. Be satisfied with sure and safe investments. Cautious. - JUNE 19 Your ability to concentrate on business problems will bring you large financial returns but will not bring you happiness. You do not -enjoy or receive p1·0per benefit from your leisure hours. When you work: work. JUNE 21 Persons of this birth date will find both health and happiness in quiet living, avoiding pursuits which tend. to exhaust mental and physical energy. You should find success in rural pursuits, animal husbandry, lal;ld, etr. JUNE 23 You should not depend on others to further your ambitions. You have ability to promote your own success through sheer personality alone. Best financial returns are indicated in politics, legislat've or judicial work. JUNE 25 Indications are for a successful year for you, one filled with changes and many opportunit'.es to better yourself financially and your station in life. Spend your leisure time with home and fam:ly, for greater enjoyment. JUNE 27 If this is your birthday, indications are that you will receive much assistance in attaining your goal in life through friendships you have made, although you have not depended on them nor sought friendsh'.ps. JUNE 29 Today's child will early develop a definite aim in life and live to attain the goal . they have set for themselves. There may be discouragements and obstacles to success, but these will be overcome by diligence. JUNE 18 Persons of this birth are inclined to act decisively on snap judgment rather than on mature deliberation. Their mental alertness will in most cases keep them from trouble but this trait should be curbed. · JUNE 20 It is fortunate that you are blessed with great mental capacities and. good judgment as you will find these traits necessary to your success. Indications are for greatest returns in buying and selling, merchandising. JUNE 22 Do not allow others to make up your mind for you. L'sten to reason but make your own decisions. Avoid unnecessary mental worries or emotions that are apt to dissipate health and leave, you handicapped. JUNE 24 If this is your birthday, you are apt to see in others the abilities you do not recogn:ze in yourself. You are capable of ' accomplishing much in life but it must be through your own efforts. Guard your health carefully. ~~~~~~~~ JUNE 26 Na tu re has not handicapped. you either mentally or physically. Persons of this birth date should find greatest success in work that requires great mental activity and sound judgment. Perseverance will win. JUNE 28 A keen mind and a quick perception are yours. Do not take undue advantage of these virtues .to make financial gain at the expense of friends or those less fortunately endowed. Live more for the present times. JUNE 30 You will find greatest happiness in your home life and the inspiration it gives you to do better work will prove both financially profitable to you and your associates in business. Allow no outside interests to interfere. "EVe'J'Y nian, howeve1· obscure, .how. ever far removed from the general recognition, is· one of a group of rnen impressible for ,good, and impressible for <vil, and it is in the natu1'e of thin,qs that he can not really improve himself without ifl sonte degree Vmproviny other men.'' -Charles Dickens. Page 348 THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW OFFICE OF TH£ PltESIDEHT OF THE PMU.IPP\NES MAl.ACAN AN PHILIPPINES HERALDRY COMMITTEE COl.O~ CJUIDE ~ ACTVAL SIZE l'jl IUD a GRU.M CJ GOL-~0=--fOR THE PHI APPROVED av ffHP:~~~EN?-. ~.~ EMILIO ABELLO Ex"icuTlv~- sie.tEl-"A-"' TECHNICAi.. CON.SU .. TANT AND ACTING SEc;R~TAR.Y l!i KPLY, ADON!:8I to : TH DinECTOK RECOGNITION OF lVIERIT REPUB!JC OP' THE PH!LlPPl]'IES DEPARTMENT or EDUCATION BUREAU OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS MANILA 13 31 1 June 1, 1949 The Publishers THE t.OOAL acm:RNZJEN!' REVIEW 83 D, Tuaz'on A venue, Sta, Mesa Heights Quezon City Dear Sirs1 Thie is to 1.ni'orm you that THE LOOU. GCTfflRNMEl\"T REVIEW, four issues of which you have submitted to this Bureau for examination, has been approved for general reading ln secondary, normal, and vocational and technical schools. Announcement to this effect will be sent to t he. field in a forthcoming bulletin, It i's to be Wlderstood that this ot'fice renerves - the full right to terminate this approval any time t here is evidence of decline i·n the content and the physical. make-up or the f orthooming numbore. D1200 Very respectful!,/'. A..: .. ~~ . ~~our Director of Pu · Schools ---oOo---. . SUBSCRIPTIONS to this magazi.ne have also been AUTHORIZED and/ or APPROVED by the SECRETARY OF FINANCE and the DIRECTORS OF PRIVATE SCHOOLS AND PUBLIC LIBRARIES. SUBSCRIPTIONS should start with the first number - January - to complete Vol. I for a book at end of year. Lengthy laws, articles and historical documents are published serially. SUBSCRIPTION RATES PER YEAR: Regular - P12; Special - PIO for the local governments and all schools and libraries; and Compliment· ary - PS for students, municipal councilors and policemen. !:.'l J PRINTED BY BUSTAMANTE PRESS-514 P . GOMEZ, QU!APO, Manila