American Chamber of Commerce Journal Vol. 9, No.1 (January 1929)

Media

Part of The American Chamber of Commerce Journal

Title: American Chamber of Commerce Journal Vol. 9, No.1 (January 1929)
Issue Date: Volume 9 (Issue No. 1) January 1929
Year: 1929
Language: English
Rights
extracted text: n -d Thought in America: Also -Articles 07 Philippine Culture, History, and Reviews 0 Cl rent Business in All Leading Branches TRULY • 'INE: PREEMINENT . IN . THE • PHILIPPINES “Short Smokes” z and both from z TABACALERA Our finest Isabela tobacco.... full flav ored and fragrant i Í ¡ j I V-----------___ , McCORMICK-DEERING TRACTORS f Í I - " The new McCORMICK-DEERING tractor has proven itself in the Phili zs States. Nearly two hundred of these new tractors have been sold here in the pas ; v r 'P sold this year have been bought by hacenderos who purchased last year. MACLIUI) AND COMF 15 30 H.P. the United <iy of those I i Iloilo Cebu 154 M. DE COMILLAS, MANILA Vigan — Davao — Legaspi -b; ; Baybay ERCE JOURNAL IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHA cool huts, .1 before dawn, to do their •ciless sun drives them £he afternoon they will ;ver water is to be had, □1 yams, peanuts, melons *n sandy fields along the L tn. late Wx 7'111V . they will work before indoors; and be at it again. ... they wiil grow fields and tomatoes; and banks of streams '. ey will grow patches of tobacco. But over the great central valley of Luzon as,a whole there are few cases of this sort, and where there is none there is only the melan choly wait for the middle of June and the sure shifting of the monsoon from northeast to south west, fetching back the rains. None of this as yet, however. Threshing is on. Then comes the hauling. Chinese millers have loaned against the crop; it is Chinese money that landlords have advanced to their tenants; so the grain goes straight from the stack yards as soon as it is threshed, into Chinese millers’ warehouses. There it may be sold or stored; if the latter is a landlord’s choice, more money may be borrowed on it. Eventually, * as the market requires, the Chinese will mill the 44 millions cavans of rice and sell them throughout the islands. Their guilds are medieval, but effective: mills and stores where the rice is grown, stores and batering where it is sold; and tolls and commissions all the way along. Filipinos are growers and threshers, they have yet to make conquest of the milling and mer chandising of their principal food crop. Can they ever do it? Could any other people do it? At least they are garnering some of the trans portation profits; the railroad (which the govern ment owns) and lines of freight trucks have superceded carabao carts in the hauling of the rice to the mills and from the mills into Manila; Some Customs of the Bontok By Gertrude Binder Igorots L A tiny bonfire of pine twigs lights up the Stony ground and two sides of a thatched hut, barely four feet high, with a low narrow door at one end. Three boys with naked, sculptural bronze limbs squat before the fire and croon a plaintive love song. As they sing the door of the hut opens and a pair of bright brown eyes peer out. A moment later a young girl, clad in a short wrap-around skirt with horizontal stripes, Íiwls out on all fours and seats herself on a :k. She is followed by another, and still other, until there is a group of eight or ten oyant, giggling girls warming themselves jeneath light shawls and huddling together oppo site the serenading youths. Two or three onpokers, their hands full of sweetmeats, sit down reside the girls, or lounge against the nearby Falk The singing ends. The girls chatter and v * r»se for the candy. One of them filches a nd holds it for ransom. ¿r a while the pine twigs are burnt up, the crawl back into their hovel, and the boys ¿ on. a he scene is before an oloé, girls’ dormitory, the village of Bontok. The characters are iI-ts rf_^ne of the group of pagan tribes of £ ad-hunters who inhabit the mountains of Jjcm Luzon. These people are looked dow.x and many of the trucks are owned and t -.t-'d by Filipinos. The same fie.d has ' Americans, who have sometimes enteren ene field of milling but have not remained in it. Every industry must have its bankers; the Chinese are the bankers of the Philippine rice industry, and so the cereal is in their control. That will not keep the peasants from enjoying the threshing. Some neighborhoods will tramp out the grain with bare feet, some will flail it out, some will use ponies and carabaos for tramp ling it; and the women will gather it up in flat bamboo baskets and winnow it in the dry wind. Thus the threshing will take many forms. In some neighborhoods it will be done by men and women trampling away on bamboo platforms at the top of bamboo towers 12 or 15 feet high, and the winnowed grain will fall below and the chaff carry off in the wind. But wherever areas are large enough, there the American thresher and the motor tractor will do the job; for they can do it faster, cheaper and better—eliminating most of the fire risk and making a timely job of it. Where they are used, more off-season crops will be grown; the fields will be cleared in time for plowing and planting before the moisture leaves them and while the weather favors grow ing things. Whatever the method, this is threshing time. He who has goods for sale, let him sell them now, when every peasant has a few pesos to spend as he will. He either has them from the rice he is threshing, or the new loan added to his everlasting account with his landlord. For this manorial master he has sown the crop in the rain, reaped it in the sun. At both jobs he has been contented and stoically happy. upon as savages, but their physique, their agri cultural achievements and many of their customs are of a nature to make even the most com placent member of a superior race pause to consider. Among the tribes are Ifugaos, Kalingas, Benguets and Bontoks. Details of customs vary, but in fundamental characteristics all o^ these remarkable peoples are one. Outwardly, indi viduals are self-possessed and independent. Towards strangers they are sometime scornful, and always indifferent. Their stature is short; but generations of mountain climbing and the balancing of heavy loads on heads and shoulders have given them faultlessly developed legs; flat, beautiful backs and regal carriage. The women of most tribes wear only skirts of brightly ^color ed material which are wrapped around the hips and extend slightly below the knees. The men wear G-strings; that is, belts of colorful cotton goods from which are hung, in front and in back, panels of the same cloth. The G-string serves also as a support for hunting knife or head-axe. Tobacco, pipes and various trinkets are carried in a tiny round basket, fastened after the fashion of a Happy Hooligan hat to the back of a man’s or boy’s head. If a man is married he must wear a plain dulliearners or showy bits oi cioui. Instead of appearing offensively naked indecent in their scanty garments, these me tain people, with their statuesque bodies, coloring set off by the touch of red or orang skirt or G-string and quaint little ^iats perc jauntily on the backs of their heads, add a t inconceivably charming and artistic to the jestic natural surroundings in which they li The mountain tribes occupy themselves the most part with the production of rice. Since rice grows in water, hilly or mountain country is useless for its cultivation unless races are built; and the rice terraces built by uncivilized Ifugao tribe of the Philippines h a ph :e in the front rank of the spectacular ¿ stupendous products of human labor. 1 Ifugaos, possibly because the country in whi they live has a more abundant supply of wate falls, have built more extensive terraces thi their neighbors, the Benguets, Bontoks ar Kalingas. The Ifugao country is accessible 1 means of a trail which, much of the way, li< along the sides, of the mountains very close t their summits. The traveler along the tra passes for miles above a valley both of who; walls are covered to their very tops with geoi rically regular rows of stone walls topped the spring of the year, by the brilliant gree young rice. The terraces were built by h power, and it is hand and leg power which carries to the tops of the steep hills the mate used in repairing broken walls. By means o elaborate system of irrigation, water is condut from natural cascades into the rice fields. O a not-too-careful or not-too-scrupulous man drain the water from the terrace above his < or divert it from the one below. The resul always a lawsuit and occasionally a reversior. head-hunting. The cultivators of the rice fields live toget in little villages at the base of the mounta Many of them walk miles to their work, tak with them a day’s supply of food. Near the tops of the higher and steeper mo tains which are not terraced large patches of grass and men and women moving about ' flies on a wall are visible. The grass is c dried and carried to the villages to be used roofing for houses. Little besides roofing is needed for a nv house, for the walls and foundations arc significant as to be almost undiscovera neath the pointed, over-hanging roof, some of the tribes the buildings are ra stilts, but among the Bontoks they are the ground. There is a low wooden wall, very black, with the space between it roof open. The interior is divided inf compartments by partitions low enoug looked over by a small boy. One c reserved for cooking food over a fire built floor, another corner is-used as a diningroom the entire side of the house opposite these 1 spaces is occupied by the bed, a wooden be just wide enough to accommodate two peo The ceiling is ornamented with feathers and teeth of wild animals, hunting trophies which believed to bring good luck in future hunt American v BOTICA BOIE ° MANILA Heavy Chemicals—Fertilizer—Manufacturers ave been selling drugs for 97 years PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY e American Chamber of Commerce OF THE Philippine Islands Member Chamber of Commerce of the United States) ENTERED AS SECOND CLASS MATTER May 25, 1921, at the POST OFFICE AT MANILA, P. I. < Local Subscription: P4.00 per year Foreign Subscription: $3.00 U. S. Currency, per year Single Copies: 35 Centavos WALTER ROBB, Editor and Manager DIRECTORS Presiden I P. A. Meyer, Vice-President H. L. Heath, Vice-President B. A. Green, Treasurer C. M. Cotterman, Vice-President J. W. Haussermann, Vice-President E. E. Selph, General Counsel George H. Fairchild H. M. Cavender W. L. Applegate ALTERNATE DIRECTORS Walter Z. Smith A. B. Cresap R. S. Rogers J. L. Headington John R. Wilson, Secretary EXECUTIVE; Chairman P. A. Meyer R. S. Rogers RELIEF: W. J. Odom, Chairman Carl Hess John Gordon MANUFACTURING: John Pickett, Chairman W. J. Shaw LEGISLATIVE: W. Z. Smith, Chairman Wm. J. Rohde Horace B. Pond COMMITTEES FINANCE AND AUDIT: John Headington, Chairman A. B. Cresap J. R. Wilson FOREIGN TRADE: M. M. Saleeby, Chairman W. C. Brune Julius Reese PUBLICATIONS: Chairman Roy Bennett BANKING AND CURRENCY: (Vacant) RECEPTION '* ) •' ENTERTAI Nft - H. H. Harrison, C h J. R. Wilson HOUSE: B. A. Green, Che zu J. R. Wilson LIBRARY John Gordon, Ch ■ J. R. Wilson SHIPPINC J. E.Gardner, Jr., C G. P. Bradford J. R. Lloyd INVESTME1 R. J. Harrison, ( n B. A. Green Sow in the Rain: Harvest in the Sun t the outskirts of Pasig, as the turn was made nigh the Mariquina valley, a group of peasants e encountered and a snapshot was desired; reds and blues and browns of their costumes e picturesque, and their big harvest hats, and water-proof salakots fully thirty ¡íes wide, added a final striking touch. When y knew what was wanted, they waited willingenough to have their pictures taken. Ques ts were asked about the rice crop; they were urning from the fields and the women had * gleanings in their baskets. as the crop large? o, it was small. nough to tide over? ardly. Almost surely not enough There a been the long drouth. But they had a kind ¿.-zroio, master; raimv n s ca^e, landlord? es; they had, fortunate/ y good landlord. . everything will be. all right, for u s interesting feudal basis. The peasaio h a part of the land, on which one genera ows another. They furnish the carabao re half the crop, or they use the landlord’s s and have a third of the crop. The 1 advances money and rice against their and they pay him off at harvest time, s now. Sometimes the debt is more .ir share of the rice. No matter, add it next year’s and trust for a better crop. ,.oe interest or not, according to your desire, rs is the land, and the people must have it for ting. Sometimes the debt is more than be paid before the debtor dies. No matter, children will pay; they will stay right on 7 on the land, in his same cottage, and on the same terms. Yours is the land, they the indentured folk working it. You are rich, mayaman; and fate is better, quite naturally, to you than to them. You will have no trouble unless you do them an injustice. But they will defend with their lives their good character as peasants, and will not suffer loss of face before their fellows. Each family can cultivate but little land; three hec tares, 7J^ acres, would be a large field. This might yield 500 cavans of palay, or rough rice, which may be figured at Pl,500, your share as landlord being P750, out of which some incidental expenses for extra help must come. It is the same with the like share of the tenant, s< that a bile th, landlord has a satisfactory return ?n b s investment, the tenant has but living. The usual income of a tenant family will not m exceed F +OO, from the rice fields, but it is sumebmes helped out by other activities. If it dot much, neither does it take a whole ¿ear tn c ibe threshing is done there is a long dry summer of surcease from the fields, which cannot be plowed until the monsoon changes and the rains begin again. The gayest time of the peasants’ year is the present. It began in December, with the ripen ing of the rice and the advent of harvest, and will continue through threshing time. Now it is that marriages are celebrated, children baptised, old debts are paid and new ones contracted. On every side, now, in the rice valleys, the yellow grain is in the shock, and it is rapidly being stacked. Soon the sear stubble will stretch away on either side of the dust: •• ?.a .s. to the brown foothills; and in the vaj ? : ¿11 that will be seen will be the yards of .0 c. • the thatch villages, and the trails of n - and green clumps of trees bordering th< nial streams. The valleys will parch u '. v ¿Le muck, in the fields now, is as hard í rock; until the bermuda, which the caraba ; now fatten on in the stubble fields, langui: rain, and the carabaos aren’t driven to ti e fields to graze, but just drowse all day long in the groves or under the bamboo, and mui ch rice straw and sugar cane. It will be the dead time of the yea . T • JACOB LEVY PHILIPPINE HATS Buntals Bamboos Calas' Correspondent .* ’¡cited 227 Calle David 1*1 Cable Address: ’"¿'e'X TILES’^ Speed Up Your 1929 Deliveries With Ford Trucks! Powerful — Sturdy — Economical and Above All Dependable Write for Free Illustrated Catalog and Easy Monthly Installment “After We Sell We Serve’’ MANILA TRADING & SUPPLY CO. ilo 1 Vi-Ton Truck (Fac Pl,675.00 Chassis MANILA Cebu Bacolod -7IV'.' .) ¿K1CAN CHAJVLtíÜK Ufi UUlVLlVLiLK^iL JUur^i\ñL January. » > ' aese, American—three cities and ms within them. There is yet a one which unites^nd supports all is the Manila of the Filipino e district inhabited by workers, There, in place of the comfortable mneta, are huts built of the dried lipa paTms and raised on bamboo street is a clothes line alley, with ashing hanging out to dry. Mobs .ay about among the pendant shirts s.< They always are seen in pairs, né astride the hip of another slightly e clothes worn by the younger urchins u«eful nor ornamental, for, as a rule, of one incredibly dirty and ab breviated shirt. Girls are taught at an early age to make use of their heads, not for what is inside them, but for what can be placed on top of them. Transportation of clothes, of veg etables, of fish—all of it is head work for the girls and women of Tondo. There are few automobiles in Manila’s poor districts. They have not yet replaced the two wheeled pony-drawn wagons and carabao drawn carts. The carabao is a large water buffalo who requires a daily bath, pulls ex tremely heavy loads and moves with a delibera tion which the snail himself could hardly hope to equal. It is not an inapt metaphor which gives the name “Pearl” to this far Eastern city with its many layers of culture and its varying shades’of interest. ainiscences About Larry Montes Golf Champion , Abundio “Larry” and Vicente *^s not yet 13 years old, of Tagalog and hailing from Bulakan, went e municipal links of Manila, nly a few weeks ago, Larry, one jr of the two, won the Philippines rnament with a score of 275 for vo 67’s, one 70 and one 71. Larry ^hteen until February 28. He Wrpn the open tournament when he »0ijJg his temper over missing an easy d not kicked his ball away. Again, have won the tournament when he /hen he actually did finish six shots winner, if his and his opponent’s lot been confused, by his opponent, way; so that he holed out with the nd was of necessity disqualified. "fluous to say Larry is a great golf toned golfers by scores witnessed ’ay; they report that it was the best r saw, and they hope Larry will ; chance to play a match with Bobby nentor. Like Jones, Larry plays , he has read Jones extensively, and instruction pages of other great men *e. There is evidently a future for What circumstances discovered him? ose his opportunities? He is not the •n the family, as has been stated. is a tuberculosis victim, now in ulakan, fighting it out with infected lying, an open-air job, came to "s brother Vicente in time to save om the first it gave them wages Larry Montes TIRES Ilf® ^888—foremost ever since ------------------------- —“1 INFORMATION FOR INVESTORS Expert, confidential repor t made on Philippine project. * ENGINEERING, MINI AGRICULTURE, FORES, LUMBER, ET Hydroelectric projects OTHER COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES BRYAN, LANDON CO ¡ Cebu, P. I. Cable address: “YPIL,” Cebu. of P100 a month, quite enough for the Lm’>- s support. It also started their mother to purvey ing lunch to the caddies, and gave her a chance to take up the game; she is a good player now, for a woman, sometimes making nine holes in 48, her lowest score. Larry has two younger brothers and two young sisters, 9 and 13, who are in school. Larry’s and Vicente’s wages now from caddy ing are around P200 a month; what with what they make and what their mother makes, the family is rising from peasantry to middle-class plenitude. The boys are worthy of this better fortune; they are obedient to their mother and polite and courteous to all; the championship pleases Larry, delights his mother, brothers and sisters, but has not spoiled him. He can still be relied upon. But will it be excusable to go a little farther into his career, bringing out more clearly what made it possible? Larry has been at every turn, as he acknowledges, assisted by Americans. It was Americans who converted the old moat around the city’s walls into the sunken gardens, more recently made the municipal links; and from American players chiefly, Larry has drawn his wages. He has gained from the principle so widely practiced among Americans, that the laborer is worthy of his hire; it has been his good fortune that this principle is being accepted in the islands. An American, he says, gave him his first club; it was with Americans, too, that he, as caddy, first played around the course—played on equal terms. It was “Mr. Kilroy of the Manila hotel and some other Americans” that put him into the open tournament the first time; it was Clyde A. DeWitt, well known Manila lawyer, who put him into the next open tournament, “Mr. DeWitt, for whom I have caddied many times and who often lets me play around with him.” “This year, Dr. N. L. Downs, a Shanghai dentist, who has been visiting at the Manila hotel and for whom I have caddied, put me in the tournament. “Dr. Downs had taken a great deal of interest in me and kept urging me to enter. . . . One morning Dr. Downs came to me and handed me a piece of paper. ‘There you are, Larry,’ he said, ‘you’re in.’ I looked at the paper. It was an official receipt for my entry fee in the open championship of the Philippines.” In this world everywhere, men fall into groups as tories and liberals. Many young Filipinos who read these lines won’t be thoroughly oriented in their minds as yet as to the full meaning of these terms, which they will more immediately associate with British politics. But they will learn later that they are terms of universal application, and that toryism ended in the Philippines in 1898, when liberalism began. Generally speaking, Americans are liberals. That impromptu celebration on the club veranda, unconsciously the toast was to liberalism. It’s the spirit that gives the under dog a chance, and glories in his making good. 7RTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER ” COMMERCE/JOURNAL January, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE When Latoba was the parish priest of Camalig, he learned from the congregation that once upon a time there had been buried, near the mairi altar, a religious whom the people believed to have been a saint. Verifying the rumor through the memory of two villagers of ancient years, one 120 years old and the other 110, he excavated in the spot indicated and dis covered a grave, the earth of which had never adhered to that around it, and in which an un sullied skeleton was found, “the bones giving off a subtle and fragrant odor.” These remains, though unidentified, were exhumed, and given reburial in Baligan. “The people perceived ftith jubilation and admiration” all that was discovered in warrant of the holy tradition, “but The Pearl of the Orient By Gertrude Binder Medieval romance lingers, neglected and un observed, among the prosaic manifestations of modern progress. East meets West and north ern bustle pushes impatiently past tropical langour in Manila, historic Pearl of the Orient. The Spanish founded the city in the sixteenth century. They laid out narrow, crooked streets and surrounded them with a massive stone wall. Within the wall they built great cathedrals and churches—elaborate, imposing and time-defying. The old Spanish capital, with the beauty of its walls and buildings mellowed and heightened by time and tropical vegetation, remains. It is the Intramuros, or walled city, of modern Manila. Through its streets, lighted by candles in the hands of a reverent populace, pass saintly images, moving in solemn procession to and from the venerable churches, which, even today, are strongholds of old-fashioned Spanish Catholicism, with all its poetry and color, its superstition and conservatism. Not far from the walled city is the Paco cemetery, in the niches of whose circular walls Spanish dead were placed. It is built about a small chapel, which, in its faultless simplicity, is a veritable gem of architecture. The place was condemned as a burial ground many years ago but it is still guarded and kept trim and neat by a shrunken old caretaker, himself an antique dating from the Spanish era. He welcomes the visitor with enthusiasm; shows him, by way of proving the great age of the cemetery, the register in the chapel; points out the graves of celebrities and nobles and the cross which marks the spot where Jose Rizal, the national hero of the Philippines, was first buried; picks flowers from the trees and presents them to his guests with a gesture irresistibly reminiscent of the traditional courtesy of old Spain. Followed Spaniards The omnipresent Chinese were not slow to follow the Spaniards into the Philippines. Their own city grew up outside the walls of that built by the Europeans. Today the “Chinese quarter” is the mecca of Manila bargain hunters. There, there are whole streets, or, more properly, whole alleys, given over to the sale of one particular commodity. There are shoe streets, cotton goods streets, silk streets and furniture streets. The shopkeepers stand at the doors of their little hole-in-the-wall stores and call seductively to passersby, “Shoes, M’am? Shoes, M’am? Anything for you today, M’am?” Inside, skillful shoppers, not to be taken in by a “first price,” bargain and demure until they are able to buy for five pesos a pair of shoes or a bolt of material first offered at 10. A visitor’s first impression of Manila, however, is not likely to be of either a medieval European town, or a crowded oriental community, but of a booming American city, in no way unlike those of our West and middle West, full of local pride and material prosperity. The new arrival disembarks from his steam ship at a magnificent pier, fitted to serve the needs of a city many times the size of Manila; he is lodged in a convenient, up-to-date hotel in the fashionable Luneta district; he is taken automo bile riding along a broad boulevard that fronts the bay; he travels in a street car to the crowded shopping center where he is confronted by glaring electric lights announcing the showing of a late American movie, and in every other imaginable no habit, cord, paper or other thing was found.” Father Huerta undertakes with some hesita tion and no precise conclusion, in 1865, to ascer tain who among the Franciscan evangelists this presumed saint might have been. He there by reveals this interesting fact: between 1652 and 1700, eight Franciscans died in Camarines province; and between 1586 and 1600, no less than 154 died there! Here is indicated a part of the cost of the Philippines to Spain; when the small number of the missionaries at any one period is considered, and the fact that when priests fell ill effort was made to bring them to the principal seat of the order in Manila, or to Los Baños, where the Franciscan infirmary was maintained, or to N. S. de Guadalupe, or the Hospital de San Juan - standing this, so many, as Fatht rately recounts, died at their He finally assumes that it Diaz who was the candidate for P He had become a Franciscan reached the Philippines in 167£ Camalig July 20, 1689, presum was the parish priest there. I searched the records painstakingly but his effort was but vaguely re next town he speaks of is Polang next excursion will begin. way, if he is an American, he is made to feel at home. This new city has grown up in the little more than a quarter of a century since States took the Philippines from Spe city of broad streets, well cared-fi? nificent public buildings, luxurir' and clubhouses, modern amuse conveniences. It is, in shore, Manila’s Carnival and Indus January 26 to February BAGUIO SEASON NOW 01 See the Mountain City in its resplendent glory and enjoy its invigorating climate Travel by Railroad Safe, Comfortable and Economical BAGUIO NIGHT SPECIAL Leaves Manila every Friday at 11:00 P. M. December Schedule for Baguio Night Special Leaves Manila, December 7, 14, 21, 28 Return Manila, December 9, 16, 25, January 1 Baguio EXPRESS leaves at 8:00 A.M. every day Passenger rates lower than last year First Class Thi Manila to Baguio, one way.................................................T14.33 1 Manila-Baguio, round trip, 120 days.......... .................. 23.32 Manila-Damortis, one way............................................... 8.88 Manila-Damortis, round trip, 20 days.......................... 13.32 Manila-Bauang Sur, round trip, 20 days.............. 15.24 Manila-Bauang Sur, one way.......................................... 10.16 Sleeper berth on night trains each way ...................... 5.00 Manila Railroad C NOTE:—Sales of third class round trip tickets between stdiscontinued October 15, 1928. / Baguio Night Special makes connection with L Northern Transportation at Bauang Sur, where it 7:07 A.M., enabling travelers to llocos Provinces to r destination on the same day. IN RESPONDING TO A :RTISEMENTS PLEASE ME!'" . THE AMERICAN CHAMBER ^ri eat Mission Trail: Franciscans in rom the Spanish province of Albay the .andenes have been ?et apart as a separate wince ik>w, so the province of Albay today Yaces ¿he portion on the mainland of Luzon the coastal islands of San Miguel, Cagraray, ;n and Kaporapo, which last may also be ed Rapurayu. The ancient name for Albay Jbaion; the legendary origin of the people preserved in an old ballad, of which an extene fragment is extant. Some time, the Journal il publish an English version of this ballad, eryone should, of course, travel through the :ol region of Luzon, and visit the Camarines, pay and Sorsogon; they will never know ; greatest natural beauties of the islands jtil they do so. But as the Journal went jo this subject at length in June 1927, it will t do so here; it will not repeat itself, or ever .isciously grow long-winded. The topography of Albay is broken into mounns, foothills and broad valleys perennially ~ 1 Father Huerta, our mentor in Franmatters, says the mountain chains of the . have the shape of a Y “the union or ire of which is Mayon,” and that a Spanish tain, one Antonio Sigüenza, ascertained the *ht of Mayon to be 1,682 feet. “It conxally emits rumblings and smoke, and many is its slopes are bathed in flames, which, |ing serpentine fashion into its valleys, offer elicious perspective”; so perhaps Mayon’s kig of last year was not so unusual after |e government and the newspaper correVents made capital, as usual, out of a phenoÍ1 which the people of Albay merely gazed with scarcely disturbed admiration; and es were lost. However, “On October 23, 5, there was a horrible eruption which shook town of Malinao and caused great damage Albay, Casagua, Camalig, Budiao, Guinojand Tigao. In 1800 another eruption widespread damage, but the one which i February 1, 1814, beggars description.” as then that the town of Casagua was ¿1 out. Sigüenza was in error, or Huerta’s contains a misprint, for Mayon is 7,992 igh. mages from Mayon’s persistent activity that date have been insignificant. How imon danger gentles all living creatures, the eruption of 1814, Fray Juan de la ú parish priest of Ligao, found himself I by the protection a crooked coconut I gave him. With him in this accidental rom earth’s fury were two porkers, d boars, a deer whose antlers had orched, and a lean rat nursing a starvelings. The eruption of July , damaged Camalig and Guinobatan, lirty-three people and injured many With these repeated blasts Mayon has [d up her crater as to give constant Ixche vapors and gases generated within the worst she does nowadays is to boil send new flows of lava down her slopes, ire inexhaustibly fertile. •spel the native superstitions concerning [Fray Pedro Ferrer attempted an ascent nountain in 1592, with a party of his 'ers, but they abandoned him before ¿the summit. He then descended, iZick with him samples of excellent i the first found in the islands, and the If this was for many years the Spaniards’ or making their gun powder. (ous recent ascents of Mayon have been t is reported that the parish priest of Albay, has been up several times; a party ascended last year, following :ion, under the leadership of Father ., of the weather bureau. Huerta furnishes another opportunity forcefully to the reader’s mind the ' viewpoint in youth since the medieval s same year, and with the same motive ; in 1592, with the motive of disproving ive superstitions concerning the mounray Esteban Solis attempted an ascent, e of Caceres, he had come to the Philin the company of his relative, Governor f sc 1 of S53 \ tl and Captain General Francisco de Sande, and having personally aided in the temporal conquest of Camarines, instead of adorning himself with the medals and honors which he merited, which the governor bestowed upon him, he assumed our saintly habit and professed in our monastery in Manila, the prelates assigning him afterwards to the conversion of the inhabitants of the province where he had been an officer in the campaigns, Camarines.” Youth seeks fame in other fields now than that of the conquistador and the mission monastery, because the advent of science and the progress of commerce and invention have opened these fields to him. But essentially he is not different from Don Esteban Solis, who became a Fran ciscan monk; that is to say, among the early friars in the Philippines were men of the same energy and invincible ambition as the men who FOR 1929 Desk Calendars Diaries Memo Books Account Books Stationery Magazines BOOKS PHILIPPINE EDUCATION 101-103 ESCOLTA nowadays bore deserts fore_ ..efin t. combustion engine, and build and 0y and zeppelins. 4 To evangelize the world was, in" * days, quite the thing to do. It was not riS^ profitable to the genuine pioneers, an; than pioneering in the air was profiti Langley and the Wrights. But it held tl of adventure out to youth; enough, and q seized. “The first apostle in Albay was the Au nian, Fray Alonso Gimenez; and so the version of this province is due entirely to i"eligious, who from 1578 forward never ce. to evangelize in the name of our Father, hay the satisfaction of being the founders of greater number of the towns making up province; although recently, and by reason being ousted, they have ceded many of the towns to the mitre.” (During the last centur especially the latter half, up to the fatal reactic precipitating the revolutions, there was a gradu * accession of secular priests in the parishes, whic. were relinquished by the friars—always witl reluctance and dire predictions of the unwisdorr of the innovation.) “In this beautiful province fecund in production of every sort and am 'ng the richest in the archipelago because of its active commerce, the sons of the patriarch San Francisco administer the following towns”: Villa de Libón.—Founded by the conquis tador, Juan de Salcedo, in 1573, and therefore the first pueblo established by the Spaniards in Camarines. Joined to Albay in 1847. ■T'he first pueblo assigned to the Franciscans on thb> arrival in the islands, 1587. Patron (naturally!)? Santiago Apostol—St. James the Apostle. The church is of brick, the work of Fray Vicente de Dosbarrios. Camalig'—The native corruption of the Spanish camarín, warehouse or barn. There are two traditions; one, that the name, derives from that of a hill, roughly in the form of a ware house, which is adjacent to the town; the other, that the conquistadores built a warehouse here, which perhaps was headquarters for gold seekers and miners, and that the name derives from this fact. Of Camarines up to 1847, when it was joined to Albay. Founded, about 1569-70. Destroyed in the eruption of 1814, when some of the refugees founded Tondol; but others persisted in remaining on, building villages at Quilaponte and Baligan, until, in 1837, when Baligan burned, they obtained the govern ment’s permission to rebuild the ruined town of Camalig. “The church, under the advocation of St. John the Baptist, was first built of wood. In the year 1605 they obtained the government’s permission to build it of stone, which decree, signed by the governor and captain general, D. Pedro Bravo y Acuña, and notifying the captain encomendero of the pueblo D. Pedro Arceo Covarrubias, is conserved in the church archives of the year 1741, according to a man uscript referring to the town preserved in our archives in Manila. In this manuscript we find, that in the construction of the church and convento of stone the only workmen employed were bandits, vagabonds and criminals confined in the presidio, for the custody of whom there had been built a very secure jail; and in this same year, 1741, the jail was serving as a boys’ school. The narrow door leading to a dark and subterranean calaboose is still to be seen. This church and convento of stone was, without doubt, that which was destroyed in the eruption of 1814, since there is no record of another. “In 1837, when the town was reestablished on the site shaken by the volcano, as we have noted, the church and convento was recon structed under the direction of the Reverend Fathers Fr. Francisco Latoba and Fr. Manuel Brihuega; and the principal portal and the tower, and tile roof, were built during 1845 and the years immediately following by R. P. Fr. Miguel Barcela, who also painted and adorned the church completely, as he did the parish house. “San Roque is specially venerated in this church, and prior to the eruption of 1814 the attendance of the faithful was such that the fiesta favorably compared with the most osten tatious in the Islands.” ^SPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURA ar Best Manila Newspaper December Editorials TACTICAL-MINDED RIZAL he privilege of Filipinos to discover in he virtues that they wish were common their people. He is supremely the . and by common acclaim he has attained stature of greatness. What is learned his life or what would be taught from its deeds of service and his deeper deed of ice, are thus brought to his people with inality of a sacrament. Rizal said it. It t be the ultimate in truth. Rizal did it. lust be the essence of wisdom put into action, al has been made to win this dominance over thought of his people. What Rizal would iction, for his people, stands as a command lich they must obey. This role of the great master fits Rizal beyond i vil. His interest was varied. His life found cpression in many directions. To his people, is ability that touched diverse subjects is not or more admiration but for lastifig worship. The great fact is that he performed, not ne:essarily that he performed greatly. Thus the messages that can be drawn from his life. He is the epic sermon to the nation that gave him birth. Admittedly an idealist, Rizal was also a practical leader. He was too much the man of the world to believe that ideals alone can ~v^5rkthe miracle of advancing the cause of his people. He preached the practice of the com mon abstract virtues: love of country, respect for the old, loyalty to family ties, honesty, integrity. He knew more than these. He also told his people that they must save, and not be improvident. That is a turn of mind that shows him as the practical leader.' In his exile he gave examples of practical patriotism to the folk of the town. He did not orate there. He did not fulminate against the local golden calf. He did not organize secret societies. He rather worked that the people be healthier. That better drinking water be theirs. Better medical attendance. Better town plaza. Rizal was also the apostle of materialism. In that historic interview between Rizal and Dr. Valenzuela, the refusal of Rizal to agree to the proposal of the emisary of the Filipino revolutionists, was the refusal of the practical Rizal. He frowned on armed uprising as an idealist’s solution for a situation that needed more than idealism to realign it permanently in favor of the Filipinos. Today with Rizal Day once more centering on the great hero the attention of his own people it is well that the Filipinos remember Rizal the Idealist as well as Rizal the practical leader. He was not the theorist talking only of impractical things leading to nothing or of practical things to be led to impermanence. He was not the standpatter living in a past glorified. Were he with the Filipinos today he would be of the Filipinos who combine with idealism the practical means to effect Filipino dreams into permanent contributions to Filipino welfare.—Tribune, December 30. TAXING POWERS A measure, rushed through the legislature and now before the governor general for sig nature, proposing sweeping taxation and licensing powers for the Manila municipal board, is filled with powder. It would empower the municipal government to do things which easily might become discriminatory. The bill is so dangerous that it deserves the governor general’s veto. Legality of the measure is doubtful due to the fact that its title describes its purpose as “reg ulating and fixing license fees for all classes of merchants, industries and occupations, and authorizing the municipal board of the city of Manila to grant exclusive fishery privileges in the waters of the city.” But in the body of the bill powers of taxation are mentioned, and license and tax are entirely different things. Taxation is not mentioned in the title but it is the real matter of consideration in the body of the bill. As a matter of fact the weight of evidence shows that taxation for city revenues, not licensing and regulation, is the purpose of the whole hing. A license fee charged for a service ren ted is quite different from taxation for general enues. The municipal board long has smarted over its inability to go the limit in imposing taxes. Unreasonable efforts at inequitable taxes have demonstrated the practicability of the legal restraints in this connection. Fair-minded, level-headed, community-building and tax pay ing business men have felt a security in the limitations on the municipal board’s taxing powers because, putting it in frank words, the business men have not had confidence in the board’s judgment in dealing with the intricacies of taxation and in its ability to make safe and fair use of unlimited powers of taxation. The legislature was deaf to suggestions from the municipal board when the board was Dem ócrata. However, it is Nacionalista now. And a sweeping measure was railroaded through, under an innocent looking title. EDITORIAL SELECTIONS FOR DECEMBER Tribune, Dec. 30.—Practical-Minded Rizal. Selected by Professor V. M. Hilario. Bulletin, Dec. 6.—Taxing Powers. Selected by Mr. Jesus Valenzuela. Times, Dec. 23.—Science in Farming. Selected by Professor Verne Dyson. Herald, Dec. 28.—Land Ownership Not Essential. Selected by Professor Cristino Jamias. Certified, G. P. Shannon. If this measure becomes law, the municipal board will be authorized—by suggestion invited —to tax apartment houses and office buildings, such tax being in addition to the present real estate tax. This clause is decidedly suggestive of double taxation. A chain of circumstance indicates that fire insurance companies were aimed at for taxation, the contention being that city fire fighting ap paratus minimizing fire losses renders a service which gives profits to the insurance companies. This contention might be worthy of some con sideration if it wére not for the fact that fire insurance rates are based upon the fire preven tion and fire fighting provisions, which is to say that the insuring public, not the insurance com panies, reap the benefits of the guarantees against losses. Rates are determined by losses. The bill is loaded.—Bulletin, December 6. SCIENCE IN FARMING For many years past farming in the Philippines was done without science. The introduction of modern agricultural machinery, use of fer tilizers, seed selection, crop rotation and other farm methods that go to increase production are of recent importation. The bureau of agriculture, it must be admitted, must be given credit for some of these innovations. But judging by the poor yield of many Philippine crops, it is evident that there still is a great field for science in farming. It is for this reason that the Manila Times commends the selection of Atherton Lee, tech nical adviser of the Philippine Sugar Association, by the Governor General to make a study of the practicability of adopting in the Philippines the system of specialization by experimental stations such as that in vogue in Java. Under this system an experimental station specializes only in one crop instead of dividing its time and interest among several crops. Mr. Lee will not receive any compensation except the necessary traveling expenses. The tremendous progress attained by the Philippine sugar industry is a lesson to farmers in general in these islands. Such progress has been stimulated by experiments and researches undertaken on the field and in laboratories. With the specialization of the experimental stations in only one line of the work they are doing now, much is expected to be learned from them by Philippine farmers. In other words, farming will be placed on a scientific basis instead of be ing undertaken as it now is in a haphazard way in many places, and the major crops such as nee, corn, tobacco, coconut aiiu given greater attention for increased pr Other plants particularly coffee, pin maguey, mango and lanzones, which have gi commercial possibilities, also deserve be ’ promoted through scientific farming.—Tim December 23. LAND OWNERSHIP NOT ESSENTIA For the maximum production of raw mater necessary for the manufacture of finished gooc to supply the ever increasing world demand 1 commodities, a vast extent of land such as t dream of powerful corporate interests is r essential. What a factory needs that turns out, sf rubber tires for automobiles is rubber, course, it would be much more convenient if t factory could have control of the sources of re material, for then it would not have to wqr about the fluctuations of prices. But as in 1 case of the rubber industry, American capitalis need not lose sleep over the control of possit land acreage. For even if manufacturers c * - own the land they could nevertheless ge supply of raw material to feed their fac at reasonable prices with a systematic humane method of production, under Americ influence. In the Philippines, for instance, Amerv manufacturers need not own vast tracts of 1 for the exploitation of rubber. The Filip can produce the required amount of this r modity on their own land with proper cultiv^ And what is needed by American manuTz is not a law to favor their interests bu investment of sufficient capital to finance, small farmers who are but willing to goii the rubber growing industry to supply/ American demand for this commodity. The present land laws of the Philippines no hindrance to the proper cultivation of rut if what is needed is the product and n control over the sources of production. Writing on the rubber business to S'. Alunan of the Department of Agricultui Natural Resources, an unnamed Am businessman who is in close touch with ] inent rubber men in the United States s “I told him that I had an idea that as far i rubber business is concerned that the pi land laws in the Philippine Islands v’^re n at all. . . If a rubber company could act banker, with some profit-sharing arrange it seems to me that the rubber business Philippine Islands could be developed exck under existing laws. . . If the lard la |w, changed and a rubber company would J a unlimited acreage, there would be always /pc opposition to the company. But, on tjhe hand, if a company went out to the Phlilk and started a number of small farmers (c which belonged to those farmers, it seems that the Filipinos would welcome th open farms and would cooperate with every way possible, and all that would 1 sary to have the enthusiastic cooperatic Filipino leaders would be for them to ( themselves with fairness and decency their farmers.” Such an attitude expresses in a nut s general sentiment of the Filipinos on the of land and agricultural enterprises. When powerful corporate intereso invade the Philippines with plans for the of unlimited acreage, the Filipinos imm look upon such invasion with grave sv They see a menace in such an enterpj^ when they come with the idea of mut j and helpfulness as the principal r.co’' ' their business ventures, they recede come and the cooperation of the Lrupt There is nothing so dear to the , S.J natives of this country as their softer of open rebellions against the sov^ng in the past had their roots deep i.e of sod. If there is anything held saques: violable by the Filipinos, next to t fortheir politica freedom, it is the ti^s * ’ ship to their own land. And wh^ let big corporations to develop their .. p mutual benefit, there is no influe'\-^ enough that can persuade them to give title to their land voluntarily.—Herat cember 28. A BONTOK MOUNTAIN TRAIL w cíe season for visiting the Indonesians of whom Miss Binder writes excursions. Outside, the ground is paved with stones and there is a little stone pit with a thatch hovel at one end where dwells the pampered family pig. There is no need for sleeping space for a family in the house of a Bontok. Children are social .charges. As soon as a girl is old enough to spend the nights away from her mother, she goes to sleep in one of the ologs which are property of the Atlantic Gulf and Pacific Co. OF MANILA ENGINEERS MANUFACTURERS CONTRACTORS 71-77 Muelle de la Industria MANILA, P. I. community. Th boys ~<dled an rooms for all the there in the evenii disturbed by chatter at os are forbidden grot on the other hand, is young women receive admirers. Visitors are ologs at midnight, but marry a man, she m morning. None of th< enough to permit its oc the sole furniture is a w half of the room and is sh come. Among the Ifugaos, th' property of families rather ologs are closed to visito nights. On these nights 1 dates go out to visit their . Occasionally, girls and boys itr meet in the ologs of mutualne: Marriage, for rich Ifugaos3°v tract, the contract consist ins s rangement among the parent^ each family will contribute.- toe t of the young couple. The ooo.v free-will marriage. Divorce law advanced and liberal nature woman are divorced by mean; ceremony similar to that by ' married. There are three grou The first is adultery, the second third common consent. In woman is found to.bo'imm vorced and the joint prope kept by the unoffending f proves barren after two or tl life, she and her marriage pto her parents. When hust that they no longer wish to divide the property they equally between them, subí religious ceremony and are fr Occasionally, among a gi women building or repairing i mountains a man is seen wiel his right hand and supporting his hip with his left. Road and optional occupation for hi) is his traditional responsibilit bringing to maturity the fam borne. Equality between the sexes c in this country, that women enj ileges, but that work, responsi and social position are shared ination by men and women are built and repaired and fi< for planting by the men. Th more exacting work of plantin growing crops is left to the w< leaves for the terraces on the far comfortable in the assurance will watch over the children a meal ready for her on her ret r For the motorist who does not spec ulate in quality SDCtK MOTOR OILS AND GA At Service Stations ar; Dealers on All Motor Roíc I I Standard Oil Company of New reen: Remarks on Car y Walter Robb as a peace officer en, Manila’s chief of en with a gratuitous nyway. Among lawan be found who have, of policemen in their it scribe, who is never fellows than when they ttracting the interven attention of the force, restricted scope of his has beheld the police and covenant with crime íence the taxes devoted •thing more than wasted, •s were wantonly preyed Green is an astounding íade the department in _x ~ cause his character is a ast to that of the sleuth and cal, which virtue is likewise / widely shared in the depart ketch is written. Chief Green the United States, on leave of .mily ->oes with him, and there nay uot return to Manila. It /, to ;ay something about what jre to prompt so many wishes, tents, for a pleasant period of observation for him in America, turn ro his post in Manila, to 1 922, when Wood named olice. Surely then the departnt us on the city revenues; it a head, fluttering aimlessly at like a dying rooster; it mid be fired, and few men .gh to aim them; it lacked gether; it was confused in detective department was lore so than now; but, while .s utterly wanting and even vas nowhere visible or effectit of its authority, which it : to exercise upon men who id only too slow in imposing :s. >artment was at the lowest ate in its history, when Green Six years have passed, and e? ícrease of personnel or approevolutionized the entire depart in doing this, taken the initiative, his authority under the law. He is subordinates also to use the ithority. down to the newest 'man on a beat—not in provo^-blouse abuse of the public, and for its peace, contentment . This, actual service to the in the new discipline manifest from top to bottom; and out m esprit de corps extending ment itself, into the offices city, where there is now a to entertain the requests st their duties. vhe worst policed cities in become one of the best; i the security of his home, have an eye on it and no 'tments that are rare, entirely to the character i that heads them. In •en deseed the traffic e captain, six sergeants tailed from the regular erly, has but 814 men 'r departments followlatic genius and police *■ the job of rehabiliforce. Traffic inandleHhas been that witx fewer arrests and less burden on the police courts and those above it, crime has steadily declined and security and confidence spread like a beneficent con tagion. Notwithstanding this, however, the depart ment is infinitely bet ter prepared now than ever in the past to cope with any emergency that might arise. It is a theory of Chief Green’s, and a very right one too, that the better the police are prepared for their du ties in the prevention of crime and the main tenance of peace, the easier it will be for them to do so and the less of it they will have to do. From having no weapons but night sticks fit to use, and only a few antiquated firearms any sort, the department has progressed to where it is amply equipped with the most modern Win chester riot guns, and every patrolman has a dependable colts .45 revolver. With the effective use of these firearms the men have been made familiar by con stant practice at the targets. It has been a part of the discipline and orderliness of Chief Green to organize his men into military squads; the whole de partment is organized militarily, Green hav ing the rank of colonelin-command, and the men, trained by their daily practice of the drill manual, go through military evolutions like soldiers. When the firearms practice began, when any one of the men, or even the offi cers, at least most of them, fired a pistol the bullet might strike anywhere—save on the target. For them to have arms was a crim inal menace to the public. But now they can all shoot straight (with the object, how ever, of bringing their quarry to bay, and not of killing him), and many are experts and sharpshooters, by the rules for soldiers estab lished. Be it remembered that this has all been brought about among men and officers who are all feloniously un derpaid ; nor is the harsh, for . may be refusing imnloyes Any Road Any Season All roads seem equally good in any weather when you ride on these big comfortable tires. The jolts and vibration dis appear and the Non-Skid tread gives a safe hold on wet or slippery roads. For safety and economy equip with Firestones MOST MILES PER PESO Tirestone Gum-Dipped Balloons j / Pacific Commercial Co. FIRESTONE DISTRIBT 'OR nN January, 1929 THE AMERICAN UELALVLtítLK UP ^vivuviim^c. from it, and sells it, hot, for ten centavos. A bibinka cooked between fires of wood or char coal would perhaps be flavorless. At any rate, no stranger is ever seen making the experiment. There is no complicated labor-saving equip ment in calle Tetuan’s sugar refinery. The stove, in an alcove set off from the rest of the shop, is fed with logs. Mixing, beating and Calle Tetuan: Skirting a Neglected Canal cutting is done by hand. The sugar is a very superior crude. It is called caramelo, and the uninstructed might mistake it for candy. Really it is the Philippine version of cube sugar, for use in tea and coffee. It is made from huge lumps of open-kettle sugar bought from the small mills of the cane-growing provinces. These lumps, like large boulders, lie about, some of them in a corner reserved for them, but more against the doors and on the mats of the outer room. These blocks, reduced somewhat in size, are mixed with syrup in shallow pans. The mix ture is boiled, then carried to the room near the street and placed over cold water in depressions in the floor, beaten until it begins to harden, then cut by hand into rectangles of unvarying size. The product ready for sale at the price of one centavo a cube is creamy-colored, porous and caramel-flavored. The sugar refinery and oil manufactory are near neighbors. The oil, displayed for sale in tins and hogsheads, is made by a fascinatingly antiquated process in an apartment connected with the shop by a dark stall where three fat oxen are housed. The oxen relieve each other at walking round in a ten-foot circle and pulling a roller over the greasy lumbang nuts, the raw material of the factory, and reducing them to a meal in order that their oil may be more easily extracted. The meal, made hot, is put into burlap bags with wicker hoops around them and then into a clumsy pressing device. When the pressing machine is full and it is time to pull down the levers and make the oil flow, all hands are called to the work. The first time the levers are brought down by one man’s hands; the last time, two men jumping and springing in unison climb on each—there is one on each side—and force it down with the weight of their bodies. After this, wedges are driven in behind the compacts of lumbang meal, where the rattan hoops are replaced with steel ones. To drive home the wedges and extract the final drops of oil, the Chinese use a large block of gra nite, suspended from an overhead timber, as a hammer. The timber is notched, for the steel ring of the rope in which the granite block is «or. Notch by notch the stone moves for\e first wedge is soon in to its widest part, and others follow until the maximum pres sure has been reached. Then another batch goes through. Lumbang oil is used in paint. It is equivalent to linseed oil. In very small quantities it can be used as medicine by those who are not too fastidious. Year, more than twice the ni listed above would enter the E —Silvestri Sergeant, Cc Salip Uktai Many ages ago there lived, in of Siasi, a man named Salip Ukt; a very boastful and selfish persoi reason had few friends. One day village taking a large bunch of b he hoped to sell in the market, prices; for they were large and wel As he walked al -/g the narr road he boasted of the 1 eness ar'4 of his fruit, but tnere were fe^ he paused to refresh n.ok'df witl nut, and calculate what he wot money he received for his bü<. m he contemplated the I use io os fru valuable it seemed to him. “I will sell these bananas, and wi1 I will buy a horse,” he mused, sell the horse at profit and buy a ct that I will sell milk until I have o fortune. Then I will buy some bulls and cultivate a large tract oi build myself a palace and marry mi princesses. I shall be the father o and thirty daughters. Ah, I sha great man,” gloated Salip Uktarah, the market place. “And when mj to my table I shall command them I have finished, even as the Kinr But Salip, engrossed with i * o stumbled over a stone, and droppei They were badly crushed, and rc distance down into the little gu market. They were ruined. Salip Uktarah gave a mighty and rage. He tore his hair and his ill luck. Then he began scj of his voice: “I have lost my he my carabao; I have lost my have lost my lands, my pal' children.” His frensied cries atü crowd, and some of the c him; but he only kept or he fell exhausted, and from the excess of his But his selfish and that even death could, suffering; so Salip U ghost in all Sulu. Sor folk say that he can sti the old market site of of the riches he never ; ESCOLTA TRAFFIC COUNTED AGAIN “I have the honor to inform you that on last Monday, December 15, vehicles entering the Escolta and stopping thereon were again counted by members of this division. It was found that 7,072 automobiles entered, 1,235 of which stop ped; 2,355 carromatas entered, 397 of which stopped. The count was made from 8:00 a. m., to 12:30 p. m., and from 3:45 to 6:30 p. m., during the middle of the month when traffic is comparatively light. It is estimated that, daily, before Christmas and the coming New CAMERA S’ 110 Escolta, Manila xjx-<í\ or vk/iu IHLiVCC J17UAJV/1L January, iy^y Bureau Association Men Insured :e took a sensible step forward is recently, when arrangements by the Philippine Postal and nployees * Association for the íe lives of its members by a local ie plan is that of group inhas been so beneficial in the United designed to give at least some men of low salaries. It would j is a time of the year favorable to of such plans by employers, with ‘ having their employes protected. ’ -'r case, collectively the association ivings of P200,000; there was of forethought with which to i being made convenient for the ie premiums of their respective ,out having to make the remittances besides. It was discouraging, and he had to stretch every peso as far as he could. But, his first obligation being to his family, the first thing he did was to insure his life for P20,000. In a very short time, now, that insurance will mature; he can either draw it down or let it stand. Meantime, particularly during the hard sledding, he has had the protection of this amount for his family. He now carries a great deal more insurance, his policies totalling P150,000. it is to be had from the government at P10 the hectare. But every planted hectare mounts in value enormously by the time it is ready to yield, and it is this earned increment on which the planter gambles. Meantime he should hav^e insurance protection. His risks are great in any case, but insurance reduces them to the minimum. In all agricultural companies financed by stock, and partly perhaps by mortgage, the life of the manager should be insured in favor of the company. Experience has demonstrated in variably in these islands that the success of The Insular Life Assurance Co., Ltd MANILA, P. I. factories in Manila thus covered? apartment would like to learn of any large mercantile houses where ice is in force. This is pioneering lines, but getting to be a common in America. The day will dawn lives everywhere will be insured as they are taken into employment, urance) has done more,” says the a Británica, “than all gifts of imrity to foster a sense of human and of common interest. It has done repressive legislation to destroy spirit. It is impossible to conceive tion in its full vigor and progressive it this principle which unites the law of practical economy, that he umanity who best serves himself, 'en rule of religion, Bear ye one lens.” s association, the lowest policy and the highest P25,000, the nding upon salary received and e than P50 a month being of Pl,000. The type of t-nonparticipating. It is ociation members to take . Greater rigor could be outside the government. i Philippines, very sucncome from his business c 20 years ago. He left ne United States, during f mismanaged by those ie returned to the islands jtnd some debts to pay Low rates iberal conditions ocal investments oans on real estates repayable monthly instalments, at ow interest If a mindful man with a fixed will only leave a small saving salary dies, he to his family FOR ABOUT P31.00 ANNUALLY our company guarantees the payment of Pl,000 to your wife or sons in case of death, or to the insured himself if he survives the policy. Call or write for particulars to: HOME OFFICE 4th Floor, Filipinas Bldg. Plaza Moraga, Manila, P. I. P. O. Box 128 C. S. SALMON 3rd Floor, Gachés Bldg. Escolta cor. T. Pinpin 115 P. O. Box 734, Manila V. SINGSON ENCARNACION, President J. McMICKING, Manager Another man, down in Zamboanga, went in with a partner and purchased a coconut plan tation partly developed. He is making the plantation liquidate a loan and pay the annual premiums on an insurance policy for P25,000. This is sensible in him. He is married. Can it be that any man similarly engaged in plantation pioneering in the Philippines has failed to have his life adequately insured? Such would be an oversight almost inexcusable. As raw jungle the land is worth practically nothing; est Coast Life Insurance Company Í offers a full line of modern life insurance ontracts designed to meet every need business or personal protection irticulars and quotations consult the "ne Branch Office 'st Life Insurance Co. Manila, P. I. "ie 2-36-74 plantations hinges almost entirely, if not quite so, on the manager in actual charge on the holding. If he is competent, the project suc ceeds; if he is incompetent, he can soon bring to ruin even a flourishing enterprise. Com petent managers of plantations are hard to find, though they are fully as important to any such project as a fertile soil and assured rainfall. When one is secured, the company should guar antee itself against the loss of him. And it should do so amply, since in the usual course of events there will be losses enough before a reliable successor to him is found. In short, insurance will minimize the hazards of plantation investments; it should cover the life of every man essential to ministration of the property. Sealed Bids, indorsed “Bids age tanks for Central Power tion No. 5499 will be received at the Public Works Office, Naval Station, Cavite, P. I. until 11 o’clock a. m., January 24th, 1929, and then and there publicly opened for providing and securing in place two 75,000 gallon fuel oil stor age tanks and piping, together with an enclosing wall, complete and ready for use. Specification No. 5499 and accompanying drawings may be obtained on application to the Public Works Officer, Naval Station, Cavite, P. I. Deposit of a check or postal money order for $10.00, payable to the Chief of the Bureau of Yards and Docks, Washington, D.C., is required as security for the safe return of the drawings and specifica tions. L. E. Gregory, Chief of Bureau, June 29, 1928, E. E. Diot, an oldtimer in business in Manila, has returned to the islands from Seattle and opened offices in the Peoples Bank building under the firm name of the Pacific coast agencies, representing coast-city manufacturers and coast state growers. A. S. Coffin is associated with him in the company and handling the Seattle end of the business. The Journal welcomes Mr. Diot'back to town; he and his partner are both favorably known here. the effective adfor fuel oil storPlant, Specifica?HAMBF TERCE J( HEMP MARKET Spellman and Company This report covers the Manila Hemp market for the month of De cember with statistics to December 31st, 1928. U. S. Grades:—The market has been firm throughout the entire month with prices stead ily advancing. The high prices ruling have checked buying in the consuming markets but the local speculators keep on raising prices. * month the nominal prices rere as follows: E, 14-3/4 I, P27; JI, P21.4; SI, P28.4; S2, P26.4; S3, P21.4. Sellers were holding off and it is quite possible that buyers would have paid from 4 reals to Pl over these prices. U. K. Grades:—The London market opened firm with buyers at the following prices: J2, £27.5; K, £35.10; LI, £34.15; L2, £27.10; Ml, £28.15; M2, £26; DL, £25.10; DM, £24. By the middle of the month quotations were as follows: J2, £37.5; K, £37.10; K, £35.5; LI, £35; L2, £27.10; Ml, £28.10; M2, £26; DL, £26; DM, £24.10. At the close of the month there were buyers at J2, £39.10; K, £38; LI, £37.10; L2, £30.10; Ml, £31.5; M2, £28; DL, £26; DM, £24.10. The Manila market for U.K. grades was strong throughout the month and prices gen erally ruled higher than the equivalents in the selling markets. Prices were purely nominal at the beginning of the month owing to the fact that dealers were holding off: J2, P16; K, P14.4; LI, P14; L2, P10.4; Ml, P11.2; M2, P10; DL, P10; DM, P9.4. By the middle of the month buyers were offering: J2, P18; K, P16.4; LI, P16.2; L2, P12.4; Ml, P13; M2, P11.6; DL, Pl 1.6; DM, Pll. At the end of the month buyers were paying J2, P18; K, P17; LI, P16.4; L2, P13; Ml, P13.2; M2, P12.2; DL, P12.2; DM, P11.4. Japan:—The demand from this market is steady and a fair amount of hemp has been sold at prices in accordance with the quotations above. Maguey:—This fibre has advanced in price in sympathy with Manila and the demand has been steady. Production has started in Hocos Norte and llocos Sur but as yet supplies are limited. There are between 15,000 and 20,000 piculs of last year’s crop in the district which is coming on the market. Cebu Maguey finds ready buyers from both the U.K. and Japanese markets and prices have advanced Pl.50 a picul during the past month. Production:—Receipts are full but there has been no marked increase due to the ty^1 It was expected that during January production woulc the cleaning cents; F, 11-1/2 cents; G, 8-3/4 cents; I, 10-3/4 cents; JI, 9-1/4 cents; SI, 11-1/4 cents; S2, 10- 1/2 cents; S3, 9-1/2 cents. By the middle of the month New York selling prices were: E, 13-3/8 cents; F, 12-1/2 cents; G, 9 cents; I, 12 cents; JI, 9-1/2 cents; SI, 12-1/4 cents; S2, 11- 1/ 2 cents; S3, 9-1/2 cents. By the end of the month prices were very firm due to the fact that only a small quantity of hemp was being offered and nominal prices were as follows: E, 14 cents; F, 13-1/2 cents; G, 9-1/8 cents; I, 12-1/4 cents; JI, 9-3/4 cents; SI, 13-1/4 cents; S2, 12 cents; S3, 9-3/4 cents. The Manila market for U. S. grades advanced steadily throughout the month. There was only a small amount offering and there was keen competition between local buyers, specula tors and exporters. Opening prices were: E, P33; F, P26; G, P18; I, P23.4; JI, P19; 51, P25; S2, P23; S3, P19. By the middle of the month buyers were paying E, P37; F, P28.4; G, P19.6; I, P26.4; JI, P21; SI, P28; 52, P26; S3, P21. By the end of the month buyers were offering E, P37; F, P29.4; G, P20; Telegraphing Use e Radiogram Route ORLD IDE IRELESS ION OF THE PHILIPPINES XZA MORAGA Always Open II Manila Cordage Co. P. O. Box 131 Manila, P. I. TOWLINE BRAND High Quality Pure Manila Rope CROWN BRAND Good Quality Pure Mani’ PLCW BRAND Mixed Fiber Rope Low in DRAGON BRAND Made of Pure Philippine Magi Ask for Prices THE RABBIT AND THE CROCODILE {Continued from page 23) find out how to plan my attack.” “Good! Your request is granted,” replied the crocodile. ‘‘We will all be here in the morning.” So, the next morning, the rabbit came down to the beach; and there, sure enough, he found the crocodiles ranged side by side in a great line which extended as far as he could see. “I did not realize there were so many of you,” he said to Ukub, who was first in the line, ‘‘But I will keep my word. I shall have to walk across your backs to count you, and then I will return to shore and begin the battle.” ‘‘Go ahead,” chuckled Ukub, sure of victory. The rabbit ran out nimbly across the great backs of the crocodiles; but the line was so long .at it extended from the coast of Tawi Tawi j the coast of Borneo. It took the rabbit nearly all day to count the crocodiles. When he had reached the-Bornean coast, he explained to the crocodiles that the battle would have to be postponed until he returned over their backs to Tawi Tawi. This was agreed upon, and after a little rest he again approached the long line Df crocodiles. But the rabbit had visited a friendly Rajah i Borneo, and from him had secured a heavy velin, with a sharp pointed head of obsidian. - he returned he struck each crocodile with in a certain vulnerable spot at the am. so that each died instantly a struggle. So quietly did the s deadly work that not one of the codiles had a suspicion of the grim was upon him, not even the wiliest 1, the wicked old Ukub. . was the end of the battle between the md the crocodiles which served to rid .rict of Sulu of many treacherous foes, cement a long lasting friendship between .nd rabbits; for the rabbits never forgot indness of the good Rajah who had given javelin to their brother and had shown him / to kill the crocodiles. TOBACCO REVIEW Alhambra Cigar and Cigarette Manufacturing Co. Raw Leaf:—The local market has been weak throughout the year. The demand from the larger factories, which ar e~welh-stocked up, was but small in view of the poor quality of the last two cropsX^Export of scrap tobacco to the United States and of Union tobacco to Japan were satisfactory. Prices of the latter advanced, while Cagayan tobacco remains low. Total exports (raw leaf, stripped and partly manu factured) were— 1926 ..................:.............. Kg. 14,800,000 1927 ................................. “ 23,700,000 1928 ........................... ca. “ 19,000,000 Figures for December 1928 are as follows: Algeria...................................Kg. 17,255 China..................................... “ 38,717 Hongkong............................. 14,091 Japan. ............ North Atlantic (Eur<t South America............. Spain............................... Straits Settlen^ents.. . Tonkin.......................... United States............... Cigars: Shipments to while slightly higher than 6 year, were not as satisfactory expected, the competition keen. Comparative figures December 1928.............. November 1928.............. December 1927.............. Year 1928...................... Year 1927.................... Year 1926...................... Year 1925...................... DEPENDABL FREIGHT SERV ACROSS AMERIC. Jear Mr. Robb: “Dining at Miss Yule’s last night I heard your name mentioned in connection with the history of old Manila, and with the Chamber of Commerce Journal, and when taking my departure Sunrises and Sunsets in Manila— your presentation copy—was slipped into my bag. Just this moment I have laid down that charming little book from my first perusal, and presently .an order will be written for some copies; no doubt it is on sale at The Philippine Education Company. “What would you have written, I wonder, if you had seen Banahao as she was a few mornings ago, and as she never appeared before, at least to these eyes. Usually Banahao veils her face, not in shame, not in sulkiness, but in a certain self-consciousness of majesty, half revealing, half concealing her charms, as though well knowing that when the cloudy fabric is removed she will seem all the more radiant and desirable. “But on this particular morning she had invented a new and rare revelation of herself. There was no perceptible mistiness in the at mosphere, and every line of both Mother Bana hao and little Daughter Banahao was absolutely distinct, yet there was a something that might have been many layers of chiffon in various pastel shades suspended before her by the hand of Day, which made one vast, opalescent, radiant, glorious pearl the shape of Banahao so that she herself might have been one of the Twelve Gates. “Who will do for Banahao and Maquiling what you have done for the sunrises and sunsets of Manila? True, Rizal wrote of Maquiling, so that it is not her legend that is needed, but her epic. “An itch I have to write, a tang,” but not the pen of a ready writer, yet someone ought to do it; and it will be done sooner or later. “But the object of this communication is to thank you for writing the pleasant booklet, and to ask you to send me a price list or sample '-'nv of the Journal with a view to a subscripRoute your shipment via Great Northeri between the Pacific Northwest Ports of Minneapolis, St. Paul, Chicago, New Yorl Eastern Points for safety, promptness, a Also, our Import and Export Ofti' Douglas Building, Seattle, 79 West . cago, 233 Broadway, New York, o services, without charge whatsoever, t less delay, trouble and expense. Co * time. M. J. Costello Western Traffic Manager Seattle, Wash. Cable address: Ilillrail 81 e Virginia Lee (English c agriculture.) -'¡TION * JVf 'ed noses. Their dialect, too, though ; liberally of the Tagalog speech of their s all round, contains many Mardican nd Mardican corruptions of Spanish, merally they marry among themselves, ir customs and religious practices are fferent from those of the Tagalogs of )vince. have, however, persisted in one ancient ay, in veneration of the Holy Child of e. This is the sacred regatta, held an; when the image of the Christ is taken richly decorated boat, to lead the procesf similarly adorned boats up and down the and along the coast. No doubt it is a fication of a pagan rite in humble suption and propitiation of the god of the sea, aps also of the god of storms. But this, is to be found at all, will be discovered in Jesuit relations of the Ternate mission. /oted to the protection of the image is a radía, a confraternity, which has had a case court with the general congregation. (12th lilippine Reports, 227, December 12, 1908). he supreme court of the Philippines has solemn The Rabbit and The Crocodile Frank Lewis Minton* *For the theme of this story, the writer is indebted to the Hon. Carl M. Moore, former provincial governor, who gave generously of his knowledge, and his time during my recent visit to Jolo and the southern islands. Now thij is a story of the very long ago, before the coming of the Arabs, before the comg of Indarapatra and Sulayman, who slew e monsters and established man as the king ¿the earth; even before the great deluge, when ilu, Mindanao, and the north islands were all ne great continent, even before the climate of he country had been changed. In those days .nan and the animals spoke a common language and lived, usually, in peace and amity. And in those days rabbits also lixed in Sulu; not the tiny rabbits such as are today imported from foreign lands, but great rabbits nearly ly r^ this dispute, that throughout the year the imdge shall repose in the church, but that on the occasion of the holy regatta it must be given into the custody of the cofradía, which,—if memory plays not false,—must return it to the church before the setting of the sun! This erudite decision seems to have given satisfaction to all Mardicans during twenty years. The history it recounts is its more inter esting element. “The Moros landed from their war boats and danced with their shields and big bolos. The whirling sands made them almost invisible. When the men of Ternate saw them, they got out their own boats and prepared to fight. The Mardicas were very brave, it was said they were invulnerable; there was a dreadful battle.” The quotation is from a tradition published in the monograph of Tomás T. Tirona of Cavite, An Account of the Ternate Dialect, to which the Journal is indebted for its data. It is a good piece of work. Such was the origin of Ermita, born of one of the political travails through which Manila has passed. as large as a man. They were then very strong animals, strong and fleet of foot, the messengers who carried news and letters, and notices of wars between the tribes of men and beasts. For at that time man had not made friends with the fowls of the air, and taught the fleet pigeons to carry messages. There were many monstrous crocodiles along the rivers and beaches of Sulu, and their King was an exceptionally wiley and deceitful old beast named Ukub, who lived in Tawi Tawi. The crocodiles preyed upon unsuspecting animals and men by charming them with soft words, begging help in cleaning their great teeth. When a victim had been inveigled to dome quite close, the crocodile, with a sudden snap of his powerful jaws, would crush them and devour him. One day old Uku.. « v.» low, brackish water at the me river which emptied into the sea m site of Dungun. “Good morning, Friend Carabao crocodile. “Good morning,” replied the fearle, “My friend,” gasped the crocodi exhausted, “I have been swimming hours, and I am so weak that I fear reach the shore. If you will carry m will pay you anything you ask.” “My price will be reasonable for si ice,” returned the carabao, “But swear the sacred oath that you will i me.” So the crocodile swore the sacred the carabao allowed him to r powerful back. When they c~ the carabao said, “Here we a place. Please get off my bac. “A little farther, friend,” pk dile. So the carabao went on a i and stopped. “Now,” hissed the crocodile, “1 kill you and eat you.” “So,” replied the plucky caraba the way you would repay me for se Very well, I will defend myself as b but if I should succeed in killing you burn in hell forever, because you ha the sacred oath.” The carabao braced himself for the attack; but the crocodile hesitat^ a clumsy fellow, although of gi)H and it was difficult for him to attaqn Moreover, he was afraid for the mum knew that if he should lose his life ii he would burn forever in intense fire. “But,” said the carabao, taking co us settle this thing according to lav a sacred tree, inhabited by the spir' We will inquire as to our respe Then the carabao called to the - (Please turn to page 23, 2nd Get the Habit of drinking a glass of sparkling TANSAN after every meal, and note how your pep and vitality will be increased! Of course there’s a reason — TANSAN besides being the purest natural water known —free from every trace of bacillary life and earthy deposits—has been conclusively proved to be an invaluable tonic owing to its RADIO-ACTIVITY! TANS AN is on sale all over the Philippines. Should however any difficulty be experienced in procuring it remember TANSAN can always be got from the Sole Distributors F. E. ZUELLIG, INC. ILOILO MANILA CEBU Protect it with TAR PAIN Metal or wood can be made to r< appreciably longer service when coatee our GAS TAR PAINT. Resists rus. decay; repels attacks by destructive in lasting, resilient, economical. Call or Write for Prices GAS COK If your needs require steady heat, use GAS COKE. Prices on request. Write or call Manila Gas Co' Calle Otis P. O. Box 1206 MAN IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CH ESCOLTA P.L MASONIC TEMPLE MANILA. A Means To An End wE very often hear the expression, “I need glasses.” This is quite true in a way, but the thing that is needed before glasses is advice—competent, professional advice—such as CLARK & CO. Optometrists are able to give. Glasses or lenses are only the means of translating correct optical service into con crete usable form. Always the best in quality but never higher in price >ne Age Relics Here Proved Valuable * consent of the Philippine governP. O. van Stein Callenfels of Java month in Manila studying the archeection of Professor H. Otley Beyer, ologist and anthropologist, of the ' of the Philippines, whose paper he third meeting of the Panpacific Congress in Tokio in 1926 revealed t time to archeologists generally that been a stone age in the Philippines. Dr. Beyer were afterward published zine under the title Man Tracks 1 'opines Ten Thousand Years k has resulted in material revision iceming the antiquity of human habitation of the islands, and likewise the an tiquity of their civilization. As Dr. Beyer publishes very little, the work as yet being inadequately provided for, when those who are pursuing similar research in neighboring countries wish to know what is going on here, and how much has been discovered and verified, they simply have to come and see. It is this situation which prompted Dr. Callensfels’s visit, but he is greatly desirous, as he said in the interview had with him, of there being established here a prehistoric research entity affording opportunity for the regular publica tion ofjdata and the systematic and convenient study of collections of archeological material. “This year,” he said, “the panpaci ence will be held in Batavia, in May. hope that three years from now it ma in Manila.” Every reading man knows that ar is of major importance as news; the j which would come of a conference in would attract to the city for that oct number of correspondents of national rtheir respective countries, and would be value to the islands. These scholars who espouse researc human antiquities, following the injunctio the proper study of mankind is man, nev of turning up some fact of peculiar and g interest, however brief one’s conversation them may be. Thus Dr. Callensfels fe discoursing on a mighty Malayan mari state that flourished from about 600 A. L 1200 A. D. Its capital was Qri Widjaya, i what is now Palembang, on the coast of matra at the tail-end of the Malacca stn It controlled the straits, and levied on the cc merce between Persia and India and southe China, the result being that merchants settlat the capital, which became a great emporiu and a magnificent city adorned with schoo and a university. Scholars gravitated to Qri Widjaya, just a: they more anciently did to Memphis, to Alex andria and Athens; just as they now go to Oxford and the London museum, Harvard, Heidelberg and the Sorbonne. China had embraced Bu dhism; there were constant pilgrimages to ti shrines of the faith in India, and Chinese schok stopped by the way at Qri Widjaya to acquire knowledge of Hindu and, more essential stil of Sanskrit. They finally took back with then to China the books of the Buddha, and made th< translations which, retranslated, serve the modern world. Who thinks Raffles had an original idea in his dream of founding Singapore, must think again; Qri Widjaya, just across the channel, had risen and waxed strong, and fallen into a faint memory six centuries before Raffles broke ground at Singapore. Her fall was due to religious con servatism. Mohammedanism kept spreading, HE WHITE EMPRESS OF THE PACIFIC RESS OF ASIA EMPRESS OF FRANCE EMPRESS OF RUSSIA 16900 tons 18400 tons 16800 tons To CANADA, UNITED STATES and EUROPE QUICKEST TIME ACROSS THE PACIFIC | DIAN PACIFIC STEAMSHIPS MANILA, P. I. MENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER Ob EVIEW OF THE EXCHANGE MARKET By Richard E. Shaw anager International Banking Corporation REAL ESTATE By P. D. CARMAN San Juan Heights Addition Throughout the en tire month of December the selling rate for U.S.$ TT held steady at 1-1/8% premium except for occasional cuts made by banks in order to strengthen their current cash positions. Buying rates fluctuated between 3/4% premium and 5/8% premium for De cember delivery, with an 1/8 cent lower quoted for January settlements. The undertone of the market was firm at the close. 1928 was by far the best year since 1920, which was the last year of the postwar boom. It will be noted that after the decided drop in 1921, Manila real estate sales gradually rose each year until 1926 and 1927 when considerable ground was lost. That 1928 not only recovered from the slump of the two pre vious years but exPurchases of telegraphic transfers from the Insular Treasury since last report have been as follows: Week ending November 24th........ U.S.$ 350,000 Week es.-dmg December 1st........... 100,000 Week c ’ 1 De. f.mber 8th 300,000 ;k ....idmg December ’ 5 b- Nil U.S.$ 750,000 The Sterhu/ market :<as been featureless ith rates unchanged from last month, i.e., fliers of TT a; 2 3,8 to 2 7/16 and general uyers at 2/ 9 16. The New York-London crcss-rate closed at 185-3/32 on November 30th, remained at a low of 485-1/16 from the third to the sixth of December, inclusive, touched a high of 485-5/8 on December 19 and closed on December 29 at 485-3/8. London bar silver was quoted at 26-9/16 ready and 26-5/8 forward on November 30, remained unchanged on December 1, which was the high for the month, dropped to a low of 26-3/16 ready and 26-5/16 forward on De cember 17 and December 21 and closed on December 29 at 26-7/16 ready and 26-1/2 forward. New York bar silver closed at 57-3/4 on November 30, rose to a high of 57-7/8 on De cember 1, dropped to a low of 56-7/8 on De cember 10 and on the last business day of the month was quoted at 57-3/8. Telegraphic transfers on other points were quoted as follows on December 29th: Paris, 12.40; Madrid, 166-1/4; Singapore, 116; Japan, 93-1/2; Shanghai, 77; Hongkong, 101-3/4; India, 134-1/4; Java, 122-1/2. UNIVERSAL BATTERIES f>26.50 One Year Guarantee CARO ELECTRICAL SERVICE 110 P. Faura Tel. 5-69-44 RAIL COMMODITY MOVEMENTS By M. D. Royer Traffic Manager, Manila Railroad Company The following commodities were received in Manila, November 26, 1928, to December 25, 1928, both inclusive, via Manila Railroad: 1928 December November Rice, cavans..................... 113,750 90,250 Sugar, piculs..................... 331,744 173,040 Tobacco, bales.................. 3,720 6,840 Copra, piculs..................... 219,900 221,600 Coconuts............................. 1,147,300 2,687,300 Lumber, B.F..................... 234,900 483,300 Desiccated coconuts, cases 13,120 . 18,696 ceeded the business done in is encouraging, especially i that Real Estate offers an ir perity, or lack of it, uneq other single commodity, ai reliability, even in the Un well-recognized steel index. A Santa Cruz.................... p Binondo.......................... San Nicolas................... Tondo............................. Sampaloc........................ San Miguel................... Intramuros..................... Ermita............................. Malate............................. Paco................................. Santa Ana..................... Pandacan....................... Quiapo............................. 2 Pl,f Yearly Totals....................... P13,038,861 P15,404,742 P12,710,666 Pll,995, 1919 1920 1921 1 January............................... ........ P 2,245,966 P 1,796,733 P 1,631,492 P 1,2: February............................. ........ 2,047,354 1,637,883 492,768 65 March.................................. ........ 1,428,242 1,142,594 855,620 69( April..................................... ........ 1,556,352 1,535,135 401,997 70 May.................................... ........ 1,256,183 1,004,946 466,258 69 June...................................... ........ 2,136,515 1,609,212 499,569 66 July...................................... ........ 1,103,369 882,695 480,105 1,02 August................................. ........ 2,357,558 1,886,047 558,491 69: September........................... ........ 1,651,737 1,321,489 1,022,093 l,04( October................................ ........ 1,483,342 1,186,673 857,446 812 November........................... ........ 1,004,831 803,865 475,699 746 December............................ ........ 3,588,123 2,870,499 486,321 1,071,. Yearly Totals............ ........ P21.859.572 P17,677,811 P 8,227,859 P10,082,08 1924 1925 1926 1927 January............................... ........ P 1,879,030 P 883,818 P 1,128,773 P 1,215,5: February............................. ........ 840,673 972,578 919,150 594,903 March.................................. ......... 1,137,176 1,673,455 1,373,079 1,733,105 April...................................... ........ 689,218 1,196,751 1,298,722 673,760 May...................................... ........ 791,276 1,284,940 749,975 600,547 June...................................... ........ 868,874 749,12-2 738,503 1,045,121 July.................................. ......... 975,450 1,635,527 1,843,930 894,39? August................................. ........ 795,260 1,295,260 585,519 649,66 September........................... ......... 1,652,377 1,164,819 1,167,921 722,04 October................................ ......... 1,543,486 2,358,825 752,130 1,311,3? November........................... ........ 1,092,858 1,292,416 1,480,889 1,154,1 December............................ ........ 773,183 897,231 672,075 1,400,5 Philippine Trust Comp/ COMMERCIAL AND SAVINGS BANK | Offers every Banking and Trust convenience. Genuinely conservative Banking is our aim, and we emphasize the Business-Building Service we extend to our Depositor * Frequently we are able to put our customers in possess^ of facts that bring them profit or save theii loss 4%% per Annum on Savings Accounts Interest on Fixed Deposits upon Request We would be glad to meet you personally and talk ove your banking requirements. We serve as: Trustees Guardians Registrars Financial Agents Executors Administrators Depository for Securities Transfer Agents Receivers Attorneys-in-fact Rendering a specialized service in the management and settlement of estates, etc. Wm. T. Nr Monte de Piv<a. Plaza Goiti—> P. O. Box 1 Tel. 2-12RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN C -1 11 fíLK UP UUIVUVLPKUP jUUKíVñL jcinua , District in Manila: Its Founding There is perhaps scar cely a reader of this magazine who is en tirely indifferent to the history of Ermita, one of modern Manila’s principal residential dis tricts, which is now becoming as well an important shopping and apartment - house d i s - trict. Ermita 270 years ago was about what the district immediately south of it, Malate, was when the American occupation occurred in 1898; that is, it was a dis trict of swamps through jams meandered to the bay, coasted elevation, of less than of the constant filling of the irsion of them into lots for g so shallow, wherever any aing over of the soil occurs, delve with the certainty of the school garden of Ermita, , many ancient artifacts and nens have been recovered— iem up with their hoes. Many íe very early history of Manila ed by these specimens, and □unded in 1662 as a place of ne special defenders of Manila -m the Moluccas by order of arique de Lara, then governor neral of the islands. It was not irmita (a name derived somewhat hermitage established there), but originally as Bagumbayan, the e for new town; and the street it toward Manila proper became known as calle Bagumbayan, which, having been built into one the city’s best and broadest avenues, is now calle P. Burgos. Padre Burgos, a Filipino, was one of the secular priests whose tribulations are involved in the revolutionary period which preceded the American occupation. Held to be a martyr to the cause, the street is his memorial. The people who had come up from the Moluc cas in response to de Lara’s call were Malays, as the people of the Philippines are, who were known as Mardicas, from the similar Sanskrit word maharddhika, denoting “men who had certain privileges on account of their having adopted the Christian faith.” The Spanish had a presidio and Jesuit mission at Ternate, an island off the west coast of Halmahera, in the Moluccas. De Lara ordered the abandon ment of the various presidios (in Mindanao, Palawan, Ternate, and elsewhere) and the concentration of all Spaniards in Manila for the urgent defense of the city. This he did in vain defiance, though it proved fortuitously other wise, of the Chinese corsair Koxinga who, having driven the Dutch out of Formosa and established an upstart empire there, sent an embassador to Manila and demanded the submission of the colony. Upon de Lara’s refusal, he prepared to invade and conquer the islands; only his death, which may have been caused by poison, since he was a brutal tyrant, prevented his certain triumph, but fate thus intervened for the colony’s sal vation. China herself had cowed abjectly before him, and by imperial edict her towns along the coast, which he had repeatedly ravished, were moved inland to their present sites. When he died he was by way of making himself the master of the East, whose boldest warriors joined him in hordes. “Who will go with us to Manila to oppose this wretch?” asked the Jesuits at Ternate of their neophytes. Hundreds willingly responded, and were brought along with the missionaries patron saint of their church, the Holy Ternate. These Mardican warriors \ mediately encamped in Bagumbayan, a where, had Koxinga actually attacke would have been the first line of defens all attacks on Manila from the sea are fr< direction, the shore north of the river be shallow and shelving for the convenient L of troops. But with the death of Koxinj expedition was abandoned, though the remained terrorized with dreadful expecta for a long time before it learned of its prov tial deliverance. Meantime the Mardican camp becam bamboo village. The Spaniards, their pre tors, having definitely abandoned theMoluc the Mardicans were doubtful of their fate un the aggressive Protestant Dutch and preferí to remain on in the Philippines in the enjoyme of their Catholicism. But around them Bagumbayan (Ermita) were the native Tag logs, with whom they quarrelled so incessanil that they made no little trouble for the govern ment; and their loyalty recommended them tc the public service. They were therefore removed to a reservation on the shore of Cavite opposite Corregidor, where they founded the village of Ternate, named for their native island in the Moluccas. For a long time this village was a barrio of the neighboring town of Maragondon, but it was later erected into an inde^i * ’ municipality. Contingents of the Mard were also stationed on Corregidor, where, v signal fires, they apprised Manila of the i proach of ships and the presumed national and intention of these vessels. Thus they heralded the arrival of many galleon with the silver subsidy from Mexico an< the payment for cargoes exported, and thej notified Cavite of incoming fleets of junks from China and southern Asia, or of Moro pirates in the offing. It was their particular job, through out the century of the Moro, to give timely warning when suspicious craft were sighted. In Ternate their descendants are living today, one distinguishing physical feature being their Luzon Stevedoring Co., Inc. The Younger Generation all show a decided preference for the world - famous ear” Brand Milk they make a wise choice, for it contains all the nts which are so essential for sturdy growth porous health of the infant—minerals from he bones and teeth are made—ele men ts produce strong muscles—and above all, >se valuable vi t amines which ward off disease. Lightering, Marine Towboats, Launches, Shipbuilders and Contractors Waterboats Provisions SIMMIE 8s GRILK Phone 2-16-61 Port Area Insist on “Bear” Brand! 'NTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL siivi 0111K. MF MMiW2W2iKC¿i J OU .KIN 1£ January, 1929 :utions of Manila. Until the nedied, Welfareville will be de1 important detail of its work, o say that Welfareville is not a institution; for it surely is that, it when the girls grow up they go seemingly this is usually as ome are adopted, when it is ast the families applying for them T the charge. Other expedients to, but everything put together ">are with the opportunities these íave in middle-class and upper >mes, if their parents were living been their good fortune; and it is ¿whatsit ought to be. Even at ociety is penalizing these girls for orphanage. Or, in another way, y is liberal, it takes much charity enough. jver the office door proclaims that was founded December 3, 1925. the midst of Leonard Wood’s term general. Welfareville has bettered asurably for the wards of the gond for delinquent boys. It is a the humanitarianism that adorned career of General Wood. But the the place was, of course, the advent 1 sovereignty here. The American kes charity and education state i in this as well as other important ers from the Spanish procedure ’ves such responsibilities chiefly one wou 1 believe it possible to put into the cubbies which they occupy, take up most of the space. There is one at the very beginning of the street. It has a lunch counter from which cakes, bread and poisonous-looking liquids are eaten and drunk by neighboring workmen with time to kill or hunger pangs to still. On the shelves behind and along the walls beside the counter are baskets of rice, bunches of bananas, sacks of chicken and horse feed, tins of canned goods from America, boxes of biscuits from China and bottles of Philippine soda water. Small lots of sandals, tobacco, pipes and toys are offered to those whose needs are not concerned with nourishment. Of most other trades calle Tetuan has single examples, but replicas of this store are separated from each other by only a few doors. There are other specialized stores. One sells crude molasses and finely-ground fodder to be upon the subject and the Church. Progressing from war and insurrection, the American scheme brought Dr. Fabella to the fore and finally maintained him on a liberal allowance during the several years devoted to a study of welfare work in the United States. Then it returned him to Manila and created, by edict of the legislature, the welfare commissioner’s job for him. It did similarly for his associates, and out of all this came Welfareville—competently staffed, and quite liberally provided for in the appropriations. Out on the green hills of San Felipe Neri rises the little village, one of great hopesand justifiable expectations. On the occa sion written of, the honor delinquents were erect ing a bandstand. Every girl big enough to ply a needle or bend wire and rattan and paste paper was busy making things for Christmas. There is a band, and it makes gladsome and stirring music. There are Boy Scouts, and perhaps a chapter of Campfire Girls. There mixed into a mash for horses, another has gunny is surety, among 144 boys and girls, that they ' “ * shall escape the contamination of their leprous parents. Welfareville is, in all its departments, a laudable beginning. Far beyond it, crowning other hills, are the first buildings of the new insular insane aslyum, for which P200,000 is next year’s allotment. Some patients are already there, removed from San Lazaro; and soon San Lazaro will be keeping only to its stricter and proper function, that of a hospital for sufferers from contagious disease. Charity takes on system, subsists on taxes and becomes practical. Chinese Industries By Gertrude Binder 11 the wants of life can be satis factory, a sugar refinery, a urniture maker’s workshop— led together in the one short an whose single row of build1. Shops and factories are and dim. Stock and raw .nged with meticulous orderliness Hidden away on upper floors le Tetuan: Its or behind the barrels of molasses, sacks of rice or cans of oil are the beds and living quarters of the Chinese craftsmen and traders who have made a center of anachronistic handicraft and home industry on this side street just a step removed from Manila’s progressive modern business district. There is no large scale wholesale business here. General stores, with more varieties of stock than sacks. Two are gleamingly up-to-date, one with cans of American gasoline and petroleum and the other with electric lamp shades. The most curious of all looks as though it is divided into two branches. It occupies two large rooms open to the street and at least one other, with no outer opening, where goods are stored. On one side of the part that customers enter there are boxes of unhusked rice and dried corn for chicken feed and ceiling-high heaps of sacks full of polished rice. The other side has a corner where horse fodder is displayed; all the rest of its space is filled with coconuts and coconut . husks. The nuts sell for four or five centavos each. They are used as food. The husks are more valuable. They are put up in bundles worth twelve centavos each. Bibinka makers buy them for fuel. The bibinka is a cake very like a pancake that is cooked on street corners during breakfast hours. Everywhere, in Manila and in provincial towns, little open fires light up the roads just before dawn commences, and keep burning until even the laziest folks are sure to have put away all thoughts of breakfast. The flour, sugar and water batter of which bibinkas are made is poured on one banana leaf and covered with another. Then it is Popular Member Most Good Clubs /BERTSON’S 3TCH WHISKY They will gladly serve you if you will take the slight trouble to ASK FOR IT 3TREIFF,Inc. tutors Tel. 2-39-36 Manila’s Carnival and Industrial Fair: January 26 to February 10 placed between sheets of tin and fires of coconut husks lighted above and below it. The vender knows just when it is done enough and she takes it away from the fire, or rather, the fire away .44 SAN MIGUEL PALE PIISEN YOU CAN TASTE ITS UNMATCHED quality! Brewed By —7^1 SAN MIGUEL RREVERY ™LEASE MENTION T~TE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL Welfareville: A Leonard Wood Memorial II “I stole.” “What?” “Two coconuts.” III “I hugged the girls.” IV “My friend whom I had known as a chauffeur in Negros met me in the market at Iloilo and told me to take away a basket of eggs that One drives out through San Juan del Monte and turns constantly toward the right and San Felipe Neri, along the river, until he confronts a guarded gate where the boys on duty in khaki uniforms take note that his collar has been laundered and allow him to pass into the grounds, where a signboard at a crossroads informs him, You are now in Welfareville. Here the office building can be seen and is presently reached. One learns that the institution is a governmental one, that it is devoted to the reform of delinquent boys and the rearing of orphan boys and girls and the children born clean to leper parents isolated on Culion, the leper island. On the hillsides one beholds spacious buildings, well constructed and of good material: some are dormitories, some are class rooms, some are shops. Skirting the reservation are the properties of several of the officials of the institution, residences they have built dn lots on the bordering street. These are good residences, and the arrangement keeps the officials on call at all hours. Rearing orphans and training delin quents by the hundreds isn’t something that conforms to office hours. There are 713 delin quent boys at Welfareville, 249 orphans, 144 Culion children, and 118 employes. The de linquent boys are building the roads, not all as yet completed, improving the grounds and putting up many of the buildings. Few if any of the boys are incorrigible. Under the rigorous Spanish criminal code, still the law of the islands, it is not a bit hard to become a delinquent boy. In making the rounds of the dormitories and shops set apart behind high barbed-wire fences and more of those guarded gates, several of the boys were questioned. Here are the results: I “My Chinese master said I stole money, but they did not find even one centavo.’’ “Did you steal money?” “No.” OXYGEN Compressed Oxygen 99.5% pure HYDROGEN Compressed Hydrogen 99.8% pure ACETYLENE Dissolved Acetylene for all purposes WELDING Fully Equip ped Oxy-Ace tylene Weld ing Shops BATTERIES Prest-O-Lite Electric Stor age Batteries Philippine Acetylene Go. 281 CALLE CRISTOBAL, PACO MANILA, P. I. IS THERE A SANTA CLAUS? When our daughter, nine, con fronted us with this question at yuletide, we did not have at hand the classic rejoinder written long ago by an editor of the old and reputable New York Sun; but it comes to us now from the Minnao Herald, so we reproduce it in order that all readers may have it in their files. William Allen White has reprinted it every year, since its original appearance, in his Emporia Gazette. The piece is a world clas sic, addressed to mankind regard less of creed and nationality.—Ed. Once a little girl wrote this letter to the editor of the New York Sun: “Dear Editor: “I am 8 years old. Some of my friends say that there is no Santa Claus. Papa says, ‘If you see it in the Sun, it’s so.’ Please tell me the truth. Is there a Santa Claus? “Virginia C. Hanlon.” And the editor of the New York Sun made this reply to Virginia and to all true believers everywhere: “Virginia: “Your little friends are wrong. They have been affected by the skepticism of a skeptical age. They will not believe except they see. “Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus. He exists as certainly as love and generosity and devotion exist, and you know that they abound and give to your life its highest beauty and joy. Alas! how dreary would be the world if there were no Santa Claus. It would be as dreary as if there were no Virginia. There would be no childlike faith then, no poetry, no romance to make toler able this existence. We should have no enjoyment except in sense and sight. The eternal light with which childhood fills the world would be extinguished. “You might get your papa to hire men to watch all the chimneys on Christmas Eve to catch Santa Claus, but even if they did not see Santa Claus coming down, what would that prove? No body sees Santa Claus. The most real things in the world are those that neither children nor men ever see. No body can conceive or imagine all the wonders that are unseen and unseeable in the world. You may tear apart the baby’s rattle and see what makes the noise inside, but there is a veil covering the unseen world which not the strong est that ever lived could ever tear apart. Only faith, fancy, poetry, love and romance can put aside that curtain and view the picture—the supernal beauty and glory beyond. Is it all real? Ah, Virginia, in all this world there is nothing so real and abiding. “No Santa Claus! Thank God, he lives, and he lives forever. A thousand years from now, Virginia—nay, ten times 10,000 years from now—he will continue to make glad the heart of childhood.” belonged to a man whom he said he would joke. I took the arrested me. The judge sent me y “They said I killed a man.” “Did you?” “No.” (He didn’t look as if 1 man, but youth yields to fits of ; in the Philippines). VI “They said I stole.” “What?” “A peso and a half.” “Did you?” “Yes.” Another, from Cabanatuan, had been really bad and stolen P he was sent to Welfareville on an sentence. The welfare commissii associates advocate a juvenile court the patent abuses of the present prat ing Welfareville with more boys most committed nothing more misdemeanors than with the crimir The juvenile court seems needed, boys, 239 are from Manila; Cebu 94; and Occidental Negros next, v industrial centers furnish the larges The boys are segregated into fo cording to their conduct and the re commitment: honor boys, 241; looking toward the honor roll, 16 99; probationers, 209. There ; kitchen at Welfareville; great fish and vegetables were being boys’ appearance indicated t simple but substantial meal number of either delinquents the infirmary, where a few ' teeth gone over. But Jimmie was there, lyi’ in the corner, where a kind sently covered him with a li the brisk breeze off the hills, to be everyone’s instant concen came on him. He had been in his emaciated body was still aj-t eyes were dull and glazed, Vta up for three pennies, then turn blankly at the wall agair /Not! be done for Jimmie. L >tl insane asylum. “His fat,WT wa soldier,” they said. But Jimmie is not neglect * nature that has given him so lit' Back to the delinquents. They are taught trades manufacture of wicker f carpentering, etc., until the or the attainment of their them. At least some of thei living at these trades when t life again. All those who w mitted they were getting gc good training. They also I classes in school and advan grade; some, when they leave, of high school. The regimen work, half a day for study anc Of course the orphans and tl are not behind the barbed-wi enjoy the utmost freedom, t patible with institutional life; th to go about anywhere and their models of cleanliness and neati have individual little cupboard? beds, stacked full of clean dr ** It seems to be a matter of : them. If any charitable pc wishes to do so, let a phono given to the girls of Welfar dormitory ph They likew^ has money then let ♦ It is c than beh P IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERIC muli for human progress. Thanks to the principle of individual liberty, .fr-is now well settled that even with the original sin as our inheritance, a person is guided in the majority of cases by the light of his own con science, and that i¿ is possible to create by means of education sufficient internal restraints which shall serve as his safeguard and the safeguard of others. Under the influence of such an enlight ened conscience a person may be left alone to act in accordance with his own good impulses, without the necessity of subjecting him to a reign of fear which has characterized and which still characterizes all systems of religion and government.J Experiments performed with pris oners and criminals conditionally freed on parole and the betterment of conduct through indus trial and agricultural work in the modern pen itenciarios have produced sufficient evidences that human nature even in its state of degra dation, still preserves the divine spark of intel ligence and good will by which it knows how to appreciate acts of kindness and to respond to trust reposed in it. < We must produce a state of culture which gives the most complete freedom to the individual and at the same time creates ample inhibition within himself to avoid what is bad. As long as the restrictions are from without and proceed from fear of punishment either in this or in th other life, they will not strengthen in the science the sense of responsibility and imbue the individual not with thp positive good but with the icE consequences of punishm^ little to the individm’ the moral aiid Pn” discovered.! r’’ nultiplv . <er pett- , within -1 aggravation encouragement .xStitutions, and the xiypocrisy which is the ^e desire to hide infractions a vest y of it all! 'pire to achieve a morality ¿ o-,.-j less formalistic and less rder to attain this, it is ' - our ideas and conceptions f; fitted to us for centuries, ,s v '■ ’ our effort. We are subv ‘4 - ent of hypocrisies and conmios Ji does not permit us to aisiinguish between good and bad conduct. This is the resultant effect of our education which is based on fear and which makes us slaves to appearances rather than to the substance and spirit of actions. There is a place in all this for constructive riticism and an original made of thinking. Undoubtedly ancient formulas and precepts ave had a great value and it is for this reason at they served to educate our past generations. i their value for the present and the future auSt be judged only in so far as they respond jO the actual demands of society, to the condi tions of the times, to the ideals and aspirations of the present generation. In so far as they are not in accord with these, subserviency to them is questionable. There is nothing permanent and unchangeable in this life inasmuch as life is a “MR. ALI (Continued fra plantations, where they families, they stayed at time sleeping off the be one of them had playe that he did not even f out. He would fix fellow would enjoy remaining provisio7 the oil stove. S renewed her waili He had forgotte’ Just as he st the utter stilln the other roon sob. Amazec of the comp? sound like sob from t’ with one 1 door. W stupefied On his mestizo .e door, 1 hour came, n sigh, then a stifled cood in the middle mtly. That did not Kittredge. Another another. Mr. Alloss, >ver and tore open the •ooted him to the floor, woman, weeping; the black had tumbled about her shou' heard him, apparently, for sE He looked at her, dumbfc •. +hing seemed desperate w ; there had been women . Alloss never claimed to be a saim. uui num *d ever acted like this. He strode over, touched er on the shoulder, and she sprang up, looking at him wildly. “Oh, Mr. Alloss! Mr. Alloss!” She was wringing her hands in distracted appeal to him. “What is it, girlie, what is it? What can I do?” he said gently, very much nonplussed. She was not more than sixteen, if she was that, a bud, a delightful promise of a woman, exquisite in her own Malayan way, with big black eyes in the satiny smoothness of her olive face. Mr. Alloss was a judge of such beauty. With a very tender gesture, taking her young hands into his freckled ones, he made her sit down on the locker again. He had never seen her before, so she could not belong to this barrio. “What is it, pobrecita?” he asked, his voice ¿X* a young Filipino Come in and see it In our Machinery display rooms, Pacific Bldg. A NEW size of Caterpillar that combines all the famed Caterpillar fe ability in a s' es of power, traction and depend’’ctor—that’s the new Ten. Rugged simpli easy to operate On the fa * iw th es versfi (nent c ysicians, t,593 are e^ in law. “A corroborates i Perez, chief of t tion, of our educ<. figures. “In the enrolled 134 stude. fishing fleets in Manil. IFf 'SPONDING v careers ot imperial business, 9,967; gov■'ool teachers 4,963; 1,152. In Waseda rce and only 247 'jf Rizal avenue ys Gilbert S. ational educasends in the sheries are odores of waters.” p Co tion against dust and dirt aintain—surprisingly low id maintenance—earth d and municipal work— and opportunity for it to ,r, Quicker, Cheaper. n Caterpillar Ten. Let us ->ave men, money and minutes. nmercial Company 'EMENT ,'HE ■’■■V. , V JOURNAL exactly of this world, it is necessary to under stand first this world in order to see Him in His Kingdom. The idea of God is not^denied by the modern worlds Neither does ’it-pretend to nurse the germs of impiety and atheism within the cloisters of its schools and colleges. The idea of God persists and will persist, but the form of worshipping^Him andrthe knowledge of His precepts arid of our duties towards Him will change with eifh^cect-information and a better and closer understanding of the workings of Nature and Man: We will no longer consider it a sacrilege to dfive tunnels through the mountains, to excavate the earth for mines, to reclaim large tracts of marshy land and build splendid cities on them, to utilize electricity for making day of night, to explore the secrets of the atmosphere by means of balloons and airplanes, and to find out in workshops and laboratories new com binations of substances and elements to gratify the multitudinous needs of civilization. It will no longer be our supreme standard of virtue and perfection to isolate ourselves from the rest of the world in order to avoid the temptations; nor to consider the flesh as an abominable and forbidden thing; nor marriage as an institution capable of maintaining the conjugal tie in spite of the absence of love and material or mental and spiritual contact between the spouses; nor that poverty and penury, caused by our own neglect and indolence, constitute a privileged status that deserves the sympathy and help of the whole world: nor that morality depends upon the observance of a regular external conduct al though the motives and designs within are responsible. But religion and morality will be permanent and lasting forms, surviving all those changes in beliefs and worship, and they will cling to the human conscience with a tenacity that cannot be obliterated even by the fallacies and denials of the most obdurate and cynical. Notwithstanding the mental and moral gap that separates the Middle Ages from our days, it cannot be said that the restraints of morality and religion have diminished in the ways of the modern man. yFor instance, the fundamental principle of all morality and religion resolves Jtself into charity. ^Charitable organizations and institutions of beneficence are grpwing both in number and quality and their influence is daily at work in the modern world. ¡The asylums and hospitals which, in the past, were exclusively in the hands of ecclesiastics and other religious bodies have increased with the help given by the government and private institutions to succor and alleviate human suffering. Philanthropy for scientific research, museums of arts and other enlightening influences have never been as ex tensive and abundant as in our days. It may be that the new era of greater liberty, of individual religion, of free criticism, and of scientific scru tiny has brought simultaneously with it new evils and wrongs; but in general human sentiment has been enriched and softened, and even in the most heinous crimes of man, like slavery and war, treatment of the vanquished, the prisoner and the slave, has been very much humanized. What is happening in our country is a replica of that which obtains in the rest of the world. The spirit of revolt and restlessness which has dominated youth, and their challenge to estab lished norms of conduct and of ancient practices are the. product of the,evolution which is slowly but surely^modifyin^the old society, lending it added worth and new tendencies. The trend of humanity has always been for the better, and this slow and imperceptible onward march towards new conditions is generally accompanied by new evils and sufferings which incite man to struggle and to find new avenues for a better life and wiser course of action. The faithlessness Tmd-dmmoralitv .with which youth of today has been indicted and the addiction^yliixuiy, comfort, and pleasure are the TesuTEs of\ a new readjustment which is taking ’ace, notwithstanding denunciations to the ntrary, ¡between the old order of things in clash . .th the pendencies and worth of a new order. The Revolt of Y outh By Rafael Palma, President, University of the Phili ppines {Continued, from, page 5) Not only th< ‘ young, but also people of maturer age, who w ere educated under the traditional authority o f the Church, are suffering the ef fects of this social readjustment and are gradual ly changing their ideas and conduct and are feeling a revolt again §t _oldnorms and precepts. There is no reason to exaggerate the evils oF the present nor fear t * fiat the religious and moral principles that we co nsider as the basis of our society suffer eclipse ¿imply because outwardly man shows less inclination to observe the customs and habits of former epochs. The old teachers and those of us who havO been educated under them believe that we have a monopoly of truth, when in reality, truth is a ^universal patrimony available to all, and we are p rone to consider as immoral and iniquitous anyth ing that does not conform to our beliefs, which' are themselves second-hand information imparted to us by our parents and grandparents who accepted them. But life has to follow its course, insensible to our preachings and admonitions, and unless we desire to see life as it is and not as we ^desire it to be, our idealism and aspirations will be shattered to pieces when the inevitable clash with the rocks of reality comes. As long as the agencies established to p -roteet Religion and Morality work together to wipe out the immorality and the wickedness of man, I expect that the moral and religious ideals in our country will be maintained alive. In fact, our churches are not deserted on Sundays and on holidays and all the traditions and practices of the Christian religion still exert a strong in fluence on the mind of our people. But we need new ideas and new conceptions which can better respond to the needs of the day, to the new conscience which has been produced by the industrial progress and the economic wonders t of our age. What is lacking is a new spiritual! guidance which is in consonance with life ana which knows how to solve our actual problems and not the problems of the past. If there is a loosening of the spiritual hold that the Church once exercised over the educated man, this is JACOB LEVY | PHILIPPINE IJATS Buntals Bamboos Calasiaos Balibuntals Correspondence Solicited 227 Calle David Manila, P. I. Cabl<? Address: “TEXTILES” OXYGEN Compressed Oxygen 99.5% pure HYDROGEN Compressed pure ACETYLENE Dissolved Acetylene for all purposes WELDING Fully Equip ped Oxy-Ace tylene Weld ing Shops BATTERIES Prest-O-Lite Electric Stor age Batteries Philippine A¿?tylene Co 281 CALLE CRISTOBAL, PACO MANILA, P. I. due to the conservatism and reluctance of the Church to accept new doctrines and truths We do not take into consideration that the modern man is a product of a long intellectual evolution, and we want to govern him with the same moral and religious code which he knew in his infancy and which was good for him then in his status as an infant but not now as an adult.; Is it any wonder that the efforts of the govern ment and of the church to control licentiousnesl and incontinence meet with disappointment/ Our moral and religious code cannot be the same as the one believed in by our grandfatheriwhen the industrial machine, the telephone, the moving picture, the automobile, the aeroplane, the radio and' Vibe many other inventions and de vises which have .served to change radically human relationships ana1 which have opened vast avenues for good as well as foi pvil, were still unknown. I do not see how we ca.n oXr trícate ourselves frc~~ aere and go back, several centuries to ideas and points of It is a Utopia. I forge ahead and shchanges that we wit augury that we chai do not submit thems hindrances which the and which we in tu progeny as a legac bring originality into tneir uiuuguvo and acquire new experiences which have been denied us. After all, the youths of today will be the citizens of tomorrow, and they have the right to remodel the things which they find out of place or out of step with the times. In thi country we are alarmed by any novelty, to sucl an extent that recently certain ladies in oneo the cities in the South have considered a certai work of art consisting of marble statues of nakf women as an offense against modesty. I respe the feeling which has given rise to the indignat.' and protest of our women, but I think it is t gross injustice to attribute to the imagination of the public such perversity that it can no longer gaze upon nude statues without reflecting upon the modesty of womanhood. Or, is the modesty of our women so sensitive and fragile that it cannot resist the mute assault of some lifeless images made of stone? Our youth ought to find the truth above the conventionalism and the cowardice of our forbears, and end^syo” to be hot ter morally and less hypocritical. We are guilty of hiding much wrong-doing and shamefulness under the old system by not deviatip g from the rut which has been followed by our grandfathers, by beeping the appearance of a respectable moral ity without the respectability of tru th and sincer ity. It is high time that our youn g people thin for themselves and not accept as final and pel feet the body of fossilized thoughts and ide? which we have accepted without due examinatic and without critical analysis... Nothing is perfe; and final in this life because there is always some thing beyond which on account of our natural * 'imitations we cannot reach. KThe teacher who Ivocates that youth has no moral alternative to submit to tLrt has been '«sed by its eld( F desire to its own ci. / •’ < - its own nations, depi ’ >; ; powerful 7R OF C i URN AL responding TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AM deep was the despair of his eneir__w they prepared for their journey back to the island of Rota. “Ucudo and his lovely bride lived Origins of the Roman Catholic Church GIBBON—(Continued from M ch] II. The writings of Cicero represent in the most lively colors the ignorance, the errors, and the uncertainty of the ancient philosophers with regard to the immortality of the soul. When tlley are desirous of arming their disciples against the fear of death, they inculcate, as an obvious though melancholy position, that the fatal stroke Boobies on Tubbataha Reef, where the expense of the lighthouse is under investigation. of our dissolution releases us from the calamities of life; and that those can no longer suffer, who no longer exist. Yet there were a few sages of Greece and Rome who had conceived a more exalted, and, in some respects, a juster idea of human nature, though it must be confessed that, in the sublime inquiry, their reason had been often guided by their imagination, and that their imagination had been prompted by their vanity. When they viewed with complacency the extent of their own mental powers, when they exercised the various faculties of memory, of fancy, and of judgment, in the most profound speculations, or the most important labors, and when they reflected on the desire of fame, which transported them into future ages, far beyond the bounds of death and of the grave, they were unwilling to confound themselves with the beasts of the field, or to suppose that a being, for whose dignity they entertained the most sincere admi ration, could be limited to a spot of earth, and to a few years of duration. With this favorable prepossession they summoned to their aid the science, or rather the language, of Metaphysics. The Philippine Guaranty Company, Incorporated (Accepted by all the Bureaus of the Insular Government) Executes bonds of all kinds for Customs, Immigration and Internal Revenue. DOCUMENTS SURETYSHIPS For Executors, Administrators, Receivers, Guardians, etc. We also write Fire and Marine Insurance ow rates iberal conditions ocal investments oans on real estate repayable by monthly or quarterly instal ments at low interest Call or write for particulars Room 403, Filipinas Bldg. P. O. Box 128 Manila, P. I. _~Hpiiy ever < after, establishing the community north of Dededo on the island of Guam wh^ch is known as AsUcudo evm to this ca\ ” They socr. íuscovereó tha¡. as none of the prop erties of will appiv to the operations of the mind 1 he sou’ must consequently be a substar distim t the body, pure, simple, and sp Ju J, incapable of dissolution, and sus ceptible of a Hioch mgher degree of virtue and happiness after the release from its corporeal prison. From these specious and noble prin ciples the philosophers who trod in the footsteps of Plato deduced a very unjustifiable conclu sion, since they asserted, not only the future im mortality, but the past eternity of the human soul, which they were too apt to consider as a portion of the infinite and self-existing spirit which pervades and sustains the universe. A doctrine thus removed beyond the senses and the experience of mankind might serve to amuse the leisure of a philosophic mind; or, in the silence of solitude, it might sometimes impart a ray of comfort to desponding virtue; but the faint impression which had been received in the schools was soon obliterated by the commerce and busi ness of active life. We are sufficiently acquaint ed with the eminent persons who flourished in the age of Cicero and of the first Caesars, with their actions, their characters, and their motives, to be assured that their conduct in this life was never regulated by any serious conviction of the rewards or punishments of a future state. At the bar and in the senate of Rome the ablest orators were not apprehensive of giving offence to their hearers by exposing that doctrine as an idle and extravagant opinion, which was rejected with contempt by every man of a liberal educa tion and understanding. Since therefore the most sublime efforts of philosophy can extend no further than feebly to point out the desire, the hope, or, at most, the probability, of a future state, there is nothing, except a divine revelation, that can ascertain the existence and describe the condition, of the invisible country which is destined to receive the souls of men after their separation from the body. But we may perceive several defects inherent to the popular religions of Greece and Rome, which rendered them very unequal to so arduous a task. 1. The general system of their mytho logy was unsupported by any solid proofs; and the wisest among the Pagans had already dis claimed its usurped authority. 2. The descrip tion of the infernal regions had been abandoned to the fancy of painters and of poets, who peopled them with so many phantoms and monsters, who dispensed their rewards and punishments with so little equity, that a solemn truth, the most congenial to the human heart, was oppressed and disgraced by the absurd mixture of the wildest fictions. 3. The doctrine of a future state was scarcely considered among the devout poly theists of Greece and Rome as a fundamental article of faith. The providence of the gods, as it related to public communities rather than to private individuals, was principally displayed on the visible theatre of the present world. The petitions which were offered on the altars of Jupiter or Apollo expressed the anxiety of their IN JRMATION FC INVESTOR S' Expert, confidential reports me on Philippine projects ENGINEERING, MINING, AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY LUMBER, ETC Hydroelectric projects OTHER COMMERCIAL A INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE BRYAN, LANDON C< Cebu, P. I. Cable address: “YPIL,” Cebu, worshippers for temporal happiness, and ignorance or indifference concerning a futur The important truth of the immortality o soul was inculcated with more diligence, as as success, in India, in Assyria, in Egypt, anc Gaul; and since we cannot attribute such difference to the superior knowledge of the bi barians, we must ascribe it to the influence an established priesthood, which employed t motives of virtue as the instrument of ambitic We might naturally expect that a principle essential to religion would have been revealed the clearest terms to the chosen people of Pali tine, and that it might safely have been intrus' to the hereditary priesthood of Aaron, incumbent on us to adore the mysteriou pensations of Providence, when we discove the doctrine of the immortality of the s omitted in the law of Moses; it is dark1 nuated by the prophets; and during t period which elapsed between the Egypti the Babylonian servitudes, the hopes as t fears of the Jews appear to have been co within the narrow compass of the presen After Cyrus had permitted the exiled n to return into the promised land, and after had restored the ancient records of their relig two celebrated sects, the Sadducees and Pharisees, insensibly arose at Jerusalem, former, selected from the more opulent and tinguished ranks of society, were strictly atted to the literal sense of the Mosaic law, and piously rejected the immortality of the sou an opinion that received no countenance t the divine book, which they revered as the ( rule of their faith. To the authority of Scrip the Pharisees added that of tradition, and accepted, under the name of traditions, se'» speculative tenets from the philosophy or reí of the eastern nations. The doctrines oí or predestination, of angels and spirits, ana future state of rewards and punishments, wei the number of these new articles of belief; an the Pharisees, by the austerity of their mam had drawn into their party the body of the K ish people, the immortality of the soul bee the prevailing sentiment of the synagogue ui the reign of the Asmonaean princes and pom The temper of the Jews was incapable of cont ing itself with such a cold and languid assen might satisfy the mind of a Polytheist; ant soon as they admitted the idea of a future st they embraced it with the zeal which has alw formed the characteristic of the nation. Th zeal, howevy, added nothing to its evidence, even probability: and it was still necessary th the doctrine of life and immortality, which h been dictated by nature, approved by reas< and received by superstition, should obtain sanction of divine truth from the authority example of Christ. When the promise ^rnal happiness proposed to mankir "Hon of ado the faith, and of oT ^ts gospel, it is no won offer should have bers of every rel: province in t1 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBF SHIPPING REVIEW By H. M. CAVENDER General Agent, Dollar Steamship Line Co. We are in the height of the movement of centrifugal sugars to the Pacific, Atlantic and Gulf ports of the United States. Very little, if «ny, free space was available during March to the North Atlantic and Gulf. Any amount of space could be found for the Pacific coast. Practically all Space occupied with sugars to the at 1 antic coast was ged for by seasonal contract. ,ch year the millers seem to speed up milling, w increased quantities into the freight •ket for immediate shipment. The result been insufficient tonnage during the months ''ebruary, March, April and May and an ever ring insufficiency of tonnage during those ¿ths. Many tramp charters have been closed 'hippers to relieve the situation. This conm has been further tightened by the shipr of approximately 75,000 tons sugar to the THE YOKOHAMA SPECIE BANK Atlantic seaboard, that has in past years been shipped to refineries on San Francisco bay. Space to U. K. and Continent likewise during the month under review has been difficult to arrange for immediate shipment. Only those shippers who have contracted for their require ments well in advance of shipping dates have been fully protected. The outlook for April and possibly through May 'leads shipping firms to believe that there will continue to be some what of a dearth of tonnage available to the U. K. and Continent, although there have been additional German boats placed on the berth. While transpacific to Canada and the United States there is ample tonnage for the cargo of fering, there likewise has been a noticeable shortage in some classes of transportation; that is, the demand for space in express liners has exceeded the space available. Much cargo that normally would move in express liners is being handled by the slower freight lines tem porarily. Freight lines are enjoying an ever increasing movement of lumber and logs from the Philipnines to Japan and the Pacific coast of the United States. Passenger traffic for the month of March continued heavy, there being a total number of 652 first class and 2,015 steerage passengers departing from the Philippines. The movement during the month is made up as follows: (first figure represents cabin passenger, second figure steerage) To China and Japan 346-247; to Honolulu 12-769; to Pacific coast 189-926; to Singapore and Straits Settlements 27-3; to Mediterranean ports 75-70 and to Europe via America 3-0. G. P. Bradford, Philippine agent of the Co lumbia Pacific Shipping Co., left Manila March 30 aboard the President Grant bound for the homeland and a well earned holiday. Mr. Bradford will visit with officials of his company at Seattle, Portland and San Francisco, then go to Los Angeles to join his family, who went to the United States several months ahead of him. Mr. Bradford expects to return with his family to Manila in July or August. G. A. Harrell, district passenger agent of The Robert Dollar Co., Manila, spent the last week of March in St. Luke’s hospital with a serious throat infection. Mr. Harrell was able to leave the hospital on March 31 and, under doctor’s instructions, proceeded to Baguio, where it is expected he will remain a week or ten days until recovery is complete. Hecter Hunt, agent for the Columbia Pacific Shipping Co. at Kobe, Japan, arrived in Manila March 10 and has taken over the local office of the same company during the absence from Manila of Mr. G. P. Bradford, resident manager. Mr. Hunt brought his wife and infant daughter to Manila with him. W. B. Pennington, freight agent, The Robert Dollar Co., Manila, recently announced his resignation from April 30, to enter the services of Erlanger & Galinger, local Manila firm. Mr. Pennington is also taking over the management of the Community Players, a local semiamateur play producing organization. (ESTABLISHED 1880) HEAD OFFICE: YOKOHAMA, JAPAN Yen Capital (Paid Up) - - - - 100,000,000.00 Reserve Fund - 105,500,000.00 Undivided Promts - 9,346,622.43 MANILA BRANCH 34 PLAZA CERVANTES, MANILA K. YABUKI Manager "tER PHONE 2-37-58—GENERAL OFFICE V. M. Smith, assistant director for the orient, United States Shipping Board, passed through Manila aboard the President Garfield the middle of March en route from Shanghai to India. Mr. Smith has been in China the past two or three months closing out the affairs of the Merchant Fleet Corporation in Shanghai and, under instructions from Washington, will make a com plete survey and investigation of traffic con ditions in and around India. A. R. Lusey, accompanied by Mr. V. Hoke, Pirassoli and Mr. Anthe, arrived in Manila from San Francisco aboard the President John son March 26. Mr. Lusey and his fellow radio engineers, of the firm of Heinz & Kauffman, Inc., San Francisco, will erect The Robert Dollar Co. Manila commercial radio stations. Geo. M. Ivory, United States Shipping Board disbursing officer for the orient, who has been identified with the Manila office the past seven years, resigned his position March 31 to accept an offer from E. J. Nell & Co., the well known local machinery house. It is reported that Mr. Ivory will find less time for golf in this new business life. 'TISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL SHIPPING REVIEW By H. M. CAVENDER General Agent, The Robert Dollar Company During November there was a total ship ment from the Philip pine Islands of 91,425 tons, as against October with a total of 105,028 tons. This does not reflect the true condi tion, as there were sev eral large freighters which loaded during November but did not sail until early De cember. Freight space is still in demand for lipments, although there is no difficulty care of the higher class commodities, "ndition is expected to continue until | after which there should be sufficient (accommodate all shippers. prdance with his policy of improving onditions in the Philippines as much as ‘Governor General Stimson has appoint¿advisory board on ports and harbor iments. Members of this board are: bnorable Filemon Perez, secretary of fee and communications, chairman, Lieut E YOKOHAMA SPECIE BANK i. L---------------------- . . ■■ LTD. ■■ ------ ■ = (ESTABLISHED 1880) HEAD OFFICE: YOKOHAMA, JAPAN Yen Capital (Paid Up) - - - - 100,000,000.00 Reserve Fund - 102,500,000.00 Undivided Profits - 8,281,611.36 MANILA BRANCH 34 PLAZA CERVANTES, MANILA K. YABUKI Manager ONE 2-37-59—MANAGER PHONE 2-37-58—GENERAL OFFICE enant-Colonel Max C. Tyler, U. S. Army, Ramón Fernandez, Captain R. C. Morton, Mr. Vicente Madrigal, Mr. Lorenzo Correa and Mr. Howard Cavender. This board will examine into the conditions of the port and harbor facilities of the Philippines and will prepare a comprehensive report outlining the necessary improvements, with special regard for interisland commerce and shipping. The board has circularized all interested parties, requesting information and suggestions to serve as a basis of their investiga tion. T. P. Gallagher & Co., Inc., of New York have announced the establishment of a monthly service of tankers between New York and Manila under the name of the Atlantic Oriental Tank Line, Ltd. This service is established primarily for the transportation of vegetable oils from the orient to the Atlantic and Gulf ports of the United States. A monthly service will be maintained, with six 8000 ton steamers, of which the first, the Darden, is now in port. The other vessels of the line are the Romulus, Gladysbe, Cedarhurts, Vaba and Dora. From statistics compiled by the Associated Steamship Lines, there were exported from the Philippines during the month of November 1928: To China and Japan ports 7,554 tons with a total of 43 sailings, of which 2,421 tons were carried in American bottoms with 12 sailings; to the Pacific coast for local delivery 24,857 tons with a total of 12 sailings, of which 23,940 tons were carried in American bottoms with 9 sailings; to the Pacific coast for transhipment, 2,518 tons with a total of 10 sailings 2,086 tons were carried in Americai with 7 sailings; to the Atlantic coa tons with a total of 14 sailings, of wh tons were carried in American bottoir sailings; to European ports, 30,956 to total of 18 sailings, of which 3,450 tc carried in American bottoms with 3 sail Australian ports 1,067 tons with a tot sailings, of which American bottoms none, or a grand total of 91,425 tons, total of 70 sailings, of which American i carried 38,727 tons, with 16 sailings. Regular passenger traffic during th of December showed an increase over November, there being a total of 1450 pt departing from the Philippines during Dt as against 1193 during November, passengers departing during Decembe. (first figure represents cabin passengers, figure steerage): To China and Japan 28k to Honolulu 4-566, to the Pacific coast 51to Straits Settlements 7-0, to Mediterra Ports 5-0. We are mighty pleased that Mr. R. C. M( director of orient, U. S. Shipping Board, wb confined to his home seriously ill, is again at his desk. H. M. Cavender, general agent, and G. Harrell, district passenger agent for The Ro Dollar Co., Manila, made an inspection through northern Philippine provinces du. December in the interests of steerage passer travel for their company, having establif passenger offices at Laoag, San Fernando Union) and Dagupan in addition to the aire established office at Vigan. F. M. Chalmers, of W. F. Stevenson & L in charge of the shipping department, departs on vacation in England during December. ’ Mi Chalmers is being relieved by J. M. W. Munrc O. D. Martinez, oriental operating manag for The Robert Dollar Co., arrived in Mani November 26 aboard the s.s. President Lineo on a business trip and returned to Shangl December 8 aboard the s.s. President Cle\ land. V. M. Smith, assistant director for orir U. S. Shipping Board, left Manila Decembe aboard the s.s. President Pierce for Shang to take charge of the shipping board offic that city. Hugh MacGowan, connected with passenger department of The Robert D Co., Shanghai, arrived in Manila Janua aboard the s.s. President Taft to be tempo connected with the Manila office. L. Everett, Inc., have announced the of offices at Cebu and Iloilo. H. W. 1 be in charge at Cebu and Robert Hill 'ONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE I rHE Ajyii. ix Christianity of the early era declined in China; and, _ * c Qri Widjaya remained entrenchísm, which linked the state togeíe tributary monarchs one by one re3uddhism for the militant faith of the hey at the same time renounced their to Qri Widjaya, which intransigently away. Java grew great, though never so great idjaya had been, not being so strategicalted on a vital link in a principal trade ist and west; indeed, the East involved one of the typical sectarian conflicts v of mankind, and. . . the Portuguese, ^tch, British and Fiench came with ease whatever they saw and ting it out among themselves for .ssion and sovereignty. From the er conversion to Mohammedanism, no more stupendous t * emples; her wn skeptical, fanatical and quarrel jungle claimed her magnificent ane population is increasing there now?” x is more than 40,000,000 on Java alone, is room for them in Sumatra.” Io you get them there?” building -oads and railways. They zelcome interference; they prefer to be •e; but they will go wherever a road is * a railroad. The men who do this work land, send back word of their prosperity, ■ relatives follow them into Sumatra.” a for Mindanao! the Madjapahit empire in eastern Java, aear what is now Surabaya, that rose to jwer and eminence when Qri Widjaya i. Western Java was unimportant until atch founded Batavia. The Madjapahit J was from 1294 to 1530; its time of greatest n was about 1400.— W. R. THE RABBIT AND THE CROCODILE (Continued from page * 21) it could give no definite answer. Then he asked advice from the spirits of a discarded sleeping man and a decaying banca, but even they gave him no satisfaction, since the croco dile claimed that the carabao was his prey by right of capture. But just as the crocodile was about to attack, a huge rabbit came leisurely down the beach for his daily bath. “Ho, friend rabbit,” hailed the carabao, “Can you settle our dispute?” “Come up closer so that I may hear you,” commanded the rabbit. So the carabao came nearer the rabbit, and the disputants stated their cases. The rabbit looked at them reflectively, for a few moments as though studying the matter; but in reality he was determining the best way to save the carabao’s life. Suddenly he sprang high in the air as though in terror, and shouted, “Run!” The startled carabao gave a mighty bound and was off toward the forest in lurching flight; while the equally surprised crocodile lost his hold and tumbled ludicrously off the carabao’s back. The rabbit laughed. . . loud and long. As for Ukub, he was consumed with rage at the trick played upon him by the clever rabbit. He lumbered off to the river vowing revenge and plotting means of taking the swift rabbit unawares. The next day the crocodile con cealed himself in the bushes on the rabbit’s favorite feeding ground; and when the rabbit came for his late afternoon meal of succulent leaves and herbs, Ukub sneaked upon him silently as a snake, and with a sudden snap of his jaws, caught the rabbit’s leg. “Now, I’ve got you,” he grunted. But the rabbit never moved a muscle. He looked curiously at the crocodile, and then burst out laughing as tho greatly amused. “You fool,” he giggled, “You have caught a branch of this shrub in your mouth. I didn’t know you liked wood as a diet.” The crocodile, taken by surprise, relaxed his grip for another and better hold upon his in tended prey; but as he did so the swift rabbit sprang out of his reach with lightening and again he laughed and taunted the ciU crocodile. On the following day the rabbit came a to his feeding ground; but he paused at a distance and called to the bushes to tell hii an enemy was concealed among them, ceiving no reply, he thought, “I «yonder why bushes do not answer me. Someone muí hiding there to do me injury.” Then the hidden crocodile exclaimed, there is no enemy here. Come and eat!” rabbit, well knowing that trees, shrubs, grasses do not speak as do we, but only whisperings, and moanings, and certain si again laughed at the crocodile, taunted 1 and called him a fool. On the third day, the rabbit came to feeding grounds, and approaching the thic bushes, asked, “Is anyone there?” Th « no answer. The crocodile was not go’ fooled again. But the rabbit, knowing enemy was lying in wait for him, gat jre some large, sharp stones with which he p the sluggish brute so unmercifully that he with all his lumbering speed back to the wat A day or so later, as the rabbit was goii the river for his bath, he met the crocodile, had come out for his afternoon siesta on the Old Ukub insulted him, and began cursing roundly. A hot quarrel ensued, and fir a challenge to fight. “I have declareu war the rabbits,” finally concluded Ukub your tribe together, for now it is war to tl “My people are to busy for war,” the rabbit easily, “And it would be unji to call them; for I, alone, will fight all codiles in Sulu.” “You mean that?” gasped the a crocodile. “Yes,” replied the rabbit. “My onb dition is that before the battle begins you all range yourselves side by side in a line, s I may count you. Only in this manner (Please turn to page 27, col. 1) Goodrich Highflex Belting Will Give Good Service on Difficult Drives ’’OND’NG TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE J OUR LOGGING PROBLEM can be solved readily by some type of HINGTON LOGGING ENGINE jhington Simplex Yarder above leads ers in ease of operation and low cost of upkeep, lington Iron Works, Seattle, U. S. A. Agents for the Philippine Islands “ Edward J. Nell Co., Ltd.,—Manila. ks HINGTON ENGINES Commercial Printing is a silentlrut powerful messenger, and your letter heads, billheads, cards, envelopes, etc., when well printed, all help to build up that feeling of confidence so much desired in this modern business age. Close personal attention to every phase of a printed job is an invariable feature of McCullough Service, and our repu tation for producing good, printing merits your patronage. McCullough printing con 424 RIZAL AVE. Phone 21801 man 3ER SUGAR REVIEW urge H. Fairchild New York Market: (Spot) On the whole the American sugar market for the month under review was quiet and dull. For the first six days of De cember the market was steady but quiet with only small sales of Cubas for prompt ship ment at 2-3 16 cents c. and f. (3.95 cents 1. t.); On the 7th the market became weaker review, sales of Philippine centrifugals in the Atlantic coasts, afloats, near arrivals and for future deliveries, amounted to 23,580 tons at prices ranging from 3.89 cents to 3.98 cents landed terms. (Futures). Quotations on the New York Exchange fluctuated as follows: 11 igh Low Highest December, 1928. . 2.13 2.01 2.01 Tanuary.................. 2.10 1.92 1.92 March..................... 2.15 2.01 2.01 May........................ 2.23 2.09 2.09 July......................... 2.30 2.15 2.15 September.............. 2.38 2.20 2.20 December, 1929. . 2.33 2.26 2.26 Local Market: In the local market foi parcels of Cubas, prompt shipment, at 2-5/32 cents c. and f. (3.93 cents which price further sales of Cubas ed on the 10th and 11th. The market ght improvement on the 12th when se of the day small sales of Cubas ted on the basis of 2-3/16 cents c. and *s 1. t.), but thereafter buyers became 1 prices reverted to the 2-5/32 cents 93 cents 1. t.) level on the 14th and the following ten days the market ar and prices fluctuated between s c. and f. (3.93 cents 1.1.) and 2-3/16 d f. (3.95 cents 1. t.). During the of December the market was in a condition and, at the close of the to the large offerings of Cubas and announcement that no restriction uade on the Cuban crop, prices sagged cents c. and f., equivalent to 3.83 cents ms, with declining tendency. tocks in the U. K., U. S., Cuba, and statistical countries at the end of were 3,575,000 tons as compared 000 tons at the same time in ’ ^27 )0 tons in 1926. íes Sales). During the moni1 centrifugals, parcels for exports were negotiated at prices between P9.00 and P9.25 per picul. In sympathy with the depression in the American sugar market, the local market for centrifugals became weaker toward the close of the month. Due to the small quantity of muscovados available for trading, the muscovado market was quiet with prices on the downward trend at the end of the month. Quotations of Chinese dealers ranged from P6.50 to P7.00 per picul on the basis of No. 1. Philippine Crop Prospects. On Luzon, the crop that is being harvested in some districts shows the effect of the typhoon, the purities having declined. Beyond this, however, the cane appears in good condition indicating that it has not suffered extensive damage from the last typhoon. On Negros, the damage done to sugar cane by the typhoon of November 22nd was greater than on Luzon. This typhoon was considered the severest since 1912. Some of the rivers overflowed their banks, resulting in consider able physical damage to a few haciendas. The strong winds broke the stools of cane in places resulting in the decrease in the tonnage per hectare. Nevertheless, the damage was not as great as at first reported and on the whole the loss in crop as a result of the typhoon may be estimated at 5%. The estimated production of Negros before the tvphoon was 400,000 tons. Allowling for the loss as a resu a crop of 375,000 tons may Negras, which may be exceec nuancce of favorable weather c Philippine Exports. Expc the Philippines for the 1928Novenrjiber 1, 1928, to Decei amounted to 55,099 tons, part follows; Ce ¿tri fugáis............................. Muscovados............................. Refined...................................... Total................................. Java Market: In the early part the Java market was dull at slij quotations, viz.: Gs. 13-1 8 for Sup Gs. 12-1 /4 for Heads, equal to P7.09 a per P. ¡L picul f. o. b. respectively, the last three weeks of the month, market w/ * as steady at unchanged prices, ai the Trus't reduced at the end of the monti. prices foi- the 1929 crop Superiors to Gs. 13 peí 100 kilos, ex-godown. “I received the sample copy of your journal which yo.a kindly sent me and which I found very usef ul and instructive. Kindly therefore, enter my name as your subscriber for one year. Herewith check No. 17635 for P4.00 in payment of my subí jcription commencing with the January number a s indicated in your circular letter. “I am availing myself of this opportunity * to extend to you and your family my sincere good wish<es for a prosperous and happy New Year. I si till have vivid recollections of the days when you were in Bacolod, Occidental Negros, with Mrs. I¿obb during the time I was yet school ing in the Occidental Negros high school. It would be o f interest to you to know that I am the actual manager of the Philippine National Bank branch in Cebu and have recently been admitted t<b the Philippine bar. If I can be of service tc t you in any of these capacities please do not hesit ate to tell me so.” —R. M. Rosales. ONDING TO ADVEP' PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL um &u iar this extra hemp s not materialized. It is too early to deter mine just what effect the storm will have on production in Leyte, Samar and Sorsogon. The other districts were not damaged to any extent. Statistics:—The figures below are for the period ending December 31st, 1928: 1928 1927 Manila Hemp Bs. Bs. On hand January 1st... . 139,624 112,382 Receipts to date............... 1,400,246 1,276,229 Supply to date.............. 1,539,870 1,388,611 Shipments to— U. K................................ 349,263 335,934 Continent....................... 223,641 151,098 U. S................................. 406,145 399,185 Japan............................... 320,657 259,908 All Others..................... 46,227 48,854 Local Consumption......... 54,000 54,000 Total shipments. . . . 1,399,933 1,248,979 COPRA AND ITS PRODUCTS By E. A. SEIDENSPINNER Vice-President and Manager, Copra Milling Corporation Copra.—The No vember month end firm ness gl the local" copra irrarket continued thruout the month of /De cember up to the Cl íristmas Holidays. P’rices advanced steadily) at j primary points du>e to heavy buying pressure, and on December '24th, the Manila equivalent • at provincial pointi was -J at least P13.00 for'rese cada copra. Fronfi Deld of the month, pressure was id prices declined to appproxecada bodega delivered Mlanila. cion but what speculation as tage during the spring m onths responsible for the artificially ices, particularly in view/of the sd in all foreign markets.' It is íat January will register-a fur rices until levels in parity with uropean advices are reached. at Manila during the month ags as against 199,870 bags for Undoubtedly the entire copra lilippine Islands during 1928 has reaking one and the coprat equivitire coconut crop is probafoly well ms. Latest cable advices follow: m corriente, P10.75 to vP11.00; ,¿.00 to Pl2.25; San Francisco, s>; 34-7/8; London, f. m. m., ¿‘24/0/0, uiet. ut Oil.—The month opened with good ^or this item and prices were: quickly ,d to 8-1/4 cents F. O. B. Coast. Under j selling pressure, buyers withdrew i-'rom the .arket about the middle of the month ar id prices dropped almost immediately to 8 cents F. O. B. Coast, at which level a fair volume of business passed up to the Holidays. There is 1 little snap to buying demand as the month closes J and with continued selling pressure, today’s capíes indi cate 8-1/8 cents C. I. F. New York as the best price obtainable. Although the ma/jority of competing Fats and Oils in the U. S. niarket are weaker Cottonseed Oil continues firml. Latest cable advices follow: Manila, in drums, P.34 per kilo asked; San Francisco, P.08 f. ¡o. b. tank cars, market quiet; New York, $.08-11/8 c. i. f.; London, no quotation. . Copra Cake.—December on the (Continent was the worse month of the year for C opra Cake from the standpoint of consuming! demand. Buyers were evidently under the impriession that large stocks were shipped unsold durilng Decem ber to obtain the advantage of the 1028 Freight Rate which has been advanced 5 sbi, filings per ton beginning January, 1929. There seems to be little justification for this attitud e as unsold stocks afloat are reported to be connparatively ¡mail and we believe there will be ar i improved inquiry for the January-February-March posi tions, when all December shipments pass into consuming channels. Latest cable advices follow: Hamburg, January-February-March, £9/15/0; Manila, buyers P68.00 to P70.00; no sellers. THE RICE INDUSTRY By PERCY A. Hill of Muñoz, Nueva Eci ja, Director, Rice Producers' Association Prices of both palay and rice have lowered due in part to the arrival of some 55,000 sacks of Saigon rice at quota tions slightly lower than those of the previous month. These prices will, it is expected, ad vance as soon as avail able supply moves to market. Palay at ter minals at present ranges from P3.60 to P3.90 with rice selling at from P8.70 to P9.40 according to grade. The total estimated crop for the 133 towns in the five exporting provinces of Nueva Ecija, Tarlac, Pangasinan, Bulacan and Pampanga is ZU,Ó0U,UuU________ _ v. utLiv cavans from the crop of ment for the above province: 000 cavans, leaving over ten mnuun interprovincial export, of an approxin of P35,000,000. The crop for the abo was from some 603,000 hectares, with lc to stem-rot of about 3% to 4%; droug plantings and floods about 3%, and loci other insect pests less than 1%; or 7 decrease. Taken together with the e: from the smaller rice-growing provinces, t crop is not expected to go over 44,000,000 which is less than the crop of 1925. Pri consequence, ought to be on the same g later in the season the spread will be tc The typhoon of late November arrester threshing and delivery of the early crop ai milling stocks necessitated importations, at present writing have depressed prices lov those obtaining in 1925, with less visible There is no carryover this year; a large of the crop will be needed in the province it is grown. Greater imports may be t In connection with the rice industry stated that the net recovery of rice froi crop harvested will be further lowered disease known as stem-rot. This spreading all over the rice region. T more noticeable this year, dvK and in those districts affected Limited” “Finest” “the finest train in the world and I have traveled on all that are worth talking about”—Samuel Hopkins Adams, Auburn, N. Y. “Best”— “equipment the very best, service splen did—a wonderful train”—N. A. Peter * son, San Francisco. ______ "VTOW on a new, fast schedule—68 hours between the North Pacific Coast and Chicago! Leaves Seattle at 11:00 A. M. for all the principal cities of the United States» Two days of sightseeing through America’s greatest mountains. “North Coast A particularly satisfying feature of Northern Pacific travel is diner service. New-style Observation-Club car with deep, res lounge—cushioned chairs—library—writing corner—club roonc showers—and maid and valet service. The Japan Tourist Bureau, American Express Company, Th< Cook & Son, Shanghai Commercial & Savings Bank, or any tra * Pacific steamship company will gladly furnish additional informatk Oswald Crawford, G. A. 501 Granville Street Vancouver, B. C. R. J. Tozer, A. G. P. A. 200 L. C. Smith Bldg. Seattle, Wash., U. S. A. E. E. Blackwood, G. A. 912 Government Street Victoria, B. G. Northern Pacific Railwa (352) “First of the Northern ns continentals” N RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERIC * OF COMMERCE lient Facts about Lumber Industry In 1928 By Arthur F. Fischer, Director of Forestry Mid the activities of the 37 important sawmills in the islands for the month of January. 1929, as compared with similar month last year: Philippine Hardwood Logs: Nothing Small About ’Em 1929 1928 Destination January January Board Feet Value ISoard Feet Value United States 3,344,936 1 * 265,982 3,715,088 ?268,908 .Japan............. 4,181,488 148,122 2,036,896 148,761 China............. 1,517,920 106,176 655,080 57,744 Australia.... 343,016 27,804 482,088 29,616 Great Britain 136,104 12,662 225,144 22,220 Canada.......... 50,880 5,600 — — Italy............... 22,048 3,084 — — Netherlands.. 20,352 1,900 — — Egypt............. 12,296 1,465 — — Hongkong.. . —■ — 30,952 2,900 Total......... 9,629,040 1*572,795 7,146,248 P530.149 Our latest lumber re view deals with the lumber industry of the islands for the last five years, while the present covers the activities of the business for the month of January, 1929. Lumber production during January, 1929, continues normally com pared with the preceding month, but exceeded by over 3,000,000 board feet that of correspond,Lv j qr, T "sed on reports’ received e 37 importan.. sawmills ia thoislands, íuary, 1929, cut is 20,940,007 board feet 177,88,178 board feet for January last This increase in production which is to continue throughout the present due to the increased efficiency brought improvement made in the old mills and iction of new ones. ^e reports also point to the increased ransactions of the different mills during month of this year as shown by the ;pment of 20,078,637 board feet against board feet for the same month last the above total of lumber shipped during the month, nearly 10,500,000 board feet *were consumed by local markets. The lumber inventory made at the end of January, 1929, gives the total of 36,566,413 board feet as compared with 31,237,618 board feet for the same month last year. This indicates that there is enough stock of lumber in the yards of the different mills, and unless unforeseen circum stances present to cause the shut down of the mills, it is safe to conclude that there is enough lumber supply to meet the demand of foreign and local markets. Foreign markets are active judging from re cord of shipment for January, 1929, which gives an export of 9,629.049 board feet valued at P572,795 as against 7,145,248 board feet valued at 1 * 530,149 for the same month last year or an increase of approximately 35%. In volume of export trade, Japan replaced the United States in quantity of Philippine lumber consumed but in value the United States maintains the lead as the exports to Japan are round logs. Prices for lumber abroad seem to be satis factory while local market prices remain sta tionary. It is interesting to mention in this month’s lumber review that efforts are being made by the leading sawmill operators to stand ardize their lumber grading to keep up with their export trade. The following table shows the export trade For 37 Lumber Shipment 1929 1928 20,078,637 18,136,961 Mills Lumber Inventory 1929 1928 36,566,413 31,237,618 Mill Production 1929 1928 20,940,007 17,788,178 A Baker Memorial Professo” ñas ^éeñ established at the agricultural college by action of the regents of the University of the Philip pines for the perpetuation of the memory of Dr. Charles Fuller Baker who as dean of the college made it into the creditable and most valuable institution it was at his death some two years ago. The Baker professorship provides for the services of a man from abroad who shall be in residence at the College eight months at least and shall carry a teaching load of five hours a week. It is the purpose to secure specialists in the sciences allied to agriculture. The wisdom of the regents is most commendable. In the past, the agricultural college has suffered from par simony in providing for its needs, the Baker professorship may be the turning point toward the generous support our leading and only basic industry ought to enjoy. COPRA .AND ITS PRODUCTS By E. A. SEIDENSPINNER Vice-President and Manager, Copra Milling Corporation Copra.—There was a noticeable decrease in copra arrivals at Manila during the month of March, which, of course, was expected by the trade in general. Prices for the entire month were practically unchanged although the market was decidedly steady as the month closed. All outside advices indicate very heavy supplies of copra both in Europe and in the United States, and there is little demand for nearby offerings. Notwithstanding anticipated light arrivals during April, it is quite improbable that prices will ad vance appreciably unless foreign markets improve. Total arrivals for March were 247,384 bags as compared with 157,409 bags for the same month in 1928. Latest cable advices follow: Manila, buen corriente, P10.25; arrival resecada, 1 * 11.50; San Fran cisco, $.04% to $.04% nominal; London, F.M.M., £22/7/6. Coconut Oil.—Foreign markets for coconut oil were featureless during the entire month of March and further weakness in this item as well as competing Fats and Oils in general was reported. There was no change in the position of buyers who maintained their independent attitude in the face of plentiful supplies. Cables received during the month indicated that an unusual acreage of Cotton is anticipated. This expectation has caused’considerable weakness in the Cotton Oil market, and with free offeringsjthroughout the whole Fats and Oils list, improvement in the very near future seems unlikely. Latest cable advices follow: Manila, in drums, f * .32 per kilo; San Francisco, $.07% f.o.b. tank cars; New York, $.07% to $.07% c.i.f.; London, no quotations. Copra Cake.—Both U. S. and European markets registered an un expected decline during the month of March due, in the main, to lack of buying interest on the part of consumers and heavy resales by speculators. Local trading during the month was comparatively small because of the reluctance of mills to trade at current prices. Latest cab1 follow: Hamburg, afloat, £8/0/0; futur po/'A/T ^C0} meal, $34.00 per 2,000 lbs. rSEMENTS PLEASE MEN~T‘ JV THE AMWW O WORLD’S LARGEST LOCOMOTIVE The locomotive pictured above is owned by the Northern Pacific Railway, patrons of the Journal, and helps in getting Philippine freight swiftly across the United The engine, with tender, is 125 feet long; its weight is 1,116,000 pounds. The tender carries 21,200 gallons of water and 27 tons of coal. The wheel base of the engine al 66 feet and 8 inches; the fire box is 266^ inches long and 114X inches wide; the cylinders are 26 inches in diameter with a stroke of 32 inches, and the diameter of the driver inches. George Simmie, the daddy of all * stevedores and stevedoring companies in the Philippines, sailed for the Homeland March 30 aboard the President Grant. Mr. Simmie will stop over in China a week or two en route. He is expected back in Manila the end of this year. A. T. Simmie, better known as Bertram, and hi§ £«mil.,, "o left for San Francisco, aboard the President Grant March 30. He expects to remain in the United States for a full year of travel and vacationing. R. M. Johnson, superintending engineer of the Merchant Fleet Corporation tn the orient, was recently transferred from Japan to Manila. Mr. Johnson is to remain here permanently in charge of the operation of Board vessels in the Orient. Manila to New York via Suez and Europe See the Old World on your trip home. Stops of several days in many ports. You can travel through Europe and catch our boat for Ne York via Southampton, England, at Bremen. “The Most Interesting Trip In The Work’ NORDDEUTSCHER LLOYD Zuellig &> von KnobelsdorS Agents 90 Rosario, Manila Phone AMERICAN MAIL LINE DOLLAR STEAMSHIP LINF COMBINED TRANSPACIFIC SERVICE SAILING ONCE A WEEK The “President” Liners Offer Speed—Service—Courtesy—Comfort Excellent Food, Comfortable Cabins, Broad Decks, American Orchestra, Dancing, Swimming Pool, Sports SAII ONC WJ TO SAN FRANCISCO AND LOS ANGELES via Hongkong, Shanghai, Kobe, Yokohama, and Honolulu SAILINGS ON ALTERNATE SATURDAYS 24 Ca’le David ROUND THE WORLD April 24 May 8 May 22 June 5 President Wilson - President Van Buren - - President Hayes - President Polk - - - Sailings every fortnight VICTOR AND SEAT via Hongkong, Shai and Yoko SAILIT or ALTERNATE f MANILA * 7'S PLEASE MENTIC ’"HE AMERICAN CHAMB The Manila Stock Market During December By W. P. G. Elliott The Market.—Trading during December was very brisk, notwithstanding the holidays. Increased public interest was shown in banks, mines and industrials, with sugars a bit easier. Banks.—Bank of the Philippine Islands continued active and firm with no sellers at better than P210. The bank expects to pay a dividend early in January and we learn from authentic sources that the financial condition after payment of the dividend will be stronger than at any time since the postwar deflation. Chartered Banks are firm with buyers at £22. China Banks have buyers at P90 and expect to declare a dividend of 3-1/2% for the last six nonths, making a total of 7% dividend for the vhole year. Hongkong-Shanghai Banks have leclined slightly and closed at HK$1300 buyers. Mercantile Banks have sellers at P43 but buyers are only inclined to dffer P41. This bank also expects to pay a semiannual dividend of 3% very shortly, making a total dividend of 6% for the year. Insurances.—Compañía Filipinas have con tinued firm throughout the month with buyers at P3200. Insular Life and Philippine Guaritee are also unchanged with buyers at P320 respectively. Unions of Canton .x slightly and closed at HK$360 Bacolod-Murcias on fairly large is were placed at P8 with further ¿his price. Bago-Medellins have eased iy and a small lot are offered at Pl9. igars remained stationary with sellers > and no transactions reported. Bais .gain declined slightly and there are now /at P1000. Carlotas are offered at P240 a fair amount of Tarlacs were placed at 5. Central Luzons are offered at Pl60, .ecline of 5 points from the last transaction. iwaiian-Philippines are offered at P57 1/2, ad it is expected that an extra dividend in 90 Rosario, Manila addition to the 3% quarterly will be declared during the next quarter. This is, of course, not guaranteed, but is the rumour. Isabelas have buyers at Pl5 and there are sellers of Kabankalans at P275. Lopez sugars are wanted at Pl 15 and a small lot of Luzon sugars are offered at Pl000. Malabons are nominal at P23 1/2, while Mount Arayat’s are offered at Pl 10. Pasudecos have been done at P48 and Pilars on moderate transactions were done at Pl450. San Carlos have sellers at $33 and TalisaySilays on fairly large transactions were placed at P25. Victorias common changed hands at Pl65 and Victorias preferred are firm at Pl 10 sellers. Plan ta lions. Pamplonas were placed at P85 and a small amount of Polos were done at P400. Mines.active, sei. closing firn buy - and paid a pf 5 cer the 20th of the montn and t are very bright for continua dividend policy. A progres mill construction and a num projects made at the stoc states that the Colbath drain 1 completed. This will facilil of the mill power in drainin. mines by gravity, thereby * to work in the lower levels. Benguet Consolidated unt surplus for the financing oí and also the Northern Luzoi which is a hydro-electric pr eventually furnish all elect mining properties in the Benj project is now nearing con expects to begin operations Manila to New York via Suez andx See the Old World on your trip home. Stops several days in many ports. You can tra1 through Europe and catch our boat for N York via Southampton, England, at Bremi “The Most Interesting Trip In The Work NORDDEUTSCHER LLOYD Zuellig & von Knobelsdorff Agents AMERICAN MAIL LIN1 DOLLAR STEAMSHIP LI? COMBINED TRANSPACIFIC SERVICE SAILING ONCE A WEEK The “President” Liners Offer Speed—Service—Courtesy—Comfort Excellent Food, Comfortable Cabins, Broad Decks, American Orchestra, Dancing, Swimming Pool, Sports Sailings every fortnight TO SAN FRANCISCO AND ROUND THE WORLD VIC LOS ANGELES President Van Buren - - Jan. 16 SE via President Hayes - - Jan. 30 Hongkor Hongkong, Shanghai, Kobe, Yokohama, and Honolulu President Polk - - Feb. 13 ar President Adams - - - Feb. 27 SAILINGS President Garñeld - - - March 13 SA ON ALTERNATE FRIDAYS ALTERNA' 24 Calle David MANILA ■r RESPONDINC -”1 ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION " IE AMERICAN CHAMBE' ~»een offered d. Itogons a * .d v state that JU, has been \<V q7 Jwing report of mill of November will be of operated 29 1/2 days th; 2,145 tons of ore were 0 tons were treated at an alue of $10.20. n production amounted , valued at P40,154.78.” lilippine Education common 60, but sellers do not seem It is rumoured that a final these shares, making a total % for the year 1928. Educave been done at Pl06 emu lations sales for November, 582.99 as against sales in 163,345.92. The sales for od ending November 30, P2,277,380.51 as against _he same period of 1927. •y have declared a final divida total of 17% paid during : 8% bonds have been very 1 practically the whole issue ,000,000 has been subscribed, bonds have also been selling small lot of Carlota 8% were ed with a firm undertone with sugars which are easier, the h aggregating 35,092 shares. dared and Paid. —Benguet ntavos per share.—Kabanka>er share.—San Miguel Bre1928.—Hawaiian-Philippines, irter.—Philippine Education for last quarter. Mindoro Turns Corner: O’Malley Retires In December a change was effected in the presidency of the Philippine Trust Company, from which Michael J. O’Malley retired and to which Wm. T. Nolting succeeded. This bank had enjoyed unprecedented patronage and prosperity under Mr. O’Malley, even with the handicap of his prolonged illness, and of course it has also gone into careful management under Mr. Nolting, who has plans which he has not yet announced. An important change in the bank’s position under Mr. O’Malley was that effected in the overbs from the island provthe eastern Bisay as, where rmen, farmers and grazers: arent of ill fortune. from his face, ing to obey. i'oms shall you reap. 1 gets the worse of the BABCOCK & TEMPLETON, INC. IMPORTERS—EXPORTERS HEMP COPRA MAGUEY PHILIPPINE PRODUCTS FINE LITHO AND PRINTING INKS Agen is for JOHN KIDD & Co., Ltd. LONDON NEW YORK MANILA CEBU SAN FRANCISCO administration of the Mindoro Sugar Estate, Ltd. In behalf of the bondholders, the bank assumed administration of this sugar property, which includes the first central built in the islands, in September 1922, when a crop of 54,000 piculs was taken off. Immediate com petency in estate management was not found, but the fortunate selection of N. V. Sinclair for this position was made by Mr. O’Malley in October 1924; and since that time there has been a constant improvement in all departments, be ginning with very discouraging prospects. There are now on the estate some thirty planters who finance themselves, replacing those who had been depending upon the company—kept more or less at their mercy. Immigration of Ilokanos has begun again, and there are now some 400 tenants on the estate who are growing cane on company, in this vital problem, is being ap proached. It is believed that the final loss was that of last season. Not only is a net profit anticipated this year, but the assurance is enter tained that more tenants will turn up for * employment in the fields, more planters able to finance their operations will apply for lands,— and this every year,—until the estate fulfills the promise of its remarkable natural fertility and concommitant advantages: its compact extensiveness, its shipping port, etc. Indeed, milling records up to date this season indicate an average of more than 70 piculs pt the crop on 2,800 hectares, a total 200,000 piculs, well over 10,000 tons while the planted area for next season Watching Investment Buying Sound Securities is the Beginning of Safe and Profitable Investing Inquiries Invited Hair and Elliot Members Manila Stock Exchange P. O. Box 1479 34-B Plaza Cervantes, Manila ERED BANK OF in^ad’cahuisntaral,a rital and Reserve Fund...........................................£7,000,000 *rve Liability of Proprietor.................................. 3,000,000 MANILA BRANCH established 1872 UB-BRANCHES AT CEBU, ILOILO AND ZAMBOANGA ion of banking business transacted. Branches in every important town China, Japan, Java, Straits Settlements, Federated Malay States, Siam, and Borneo; also in New York. anticipated to be 4,000 hectares, this because of the pending planters’ applications for lands and the fact that the pioneering in reorganization of relations with planters and tenants, as well as in other branches of administration, has taken place under Mr. Sinclair. To his position Thomas J. Ford succeeds. He has been assisting in the management of the Asturias central on Panay. Head Office: 38 Bishopsgate, London, E. C. T. H. FRASER, Manager. Manila. il. 'tre~tail follows. don’t plant, what shall ;f the horse has died? as bees always find the share system and finding satisfaction in their new homes. The incidence of malaria is now actually lower than the average in other cane regions of the islands, and the ideal hoped for by the FOR RENT:—Store space, Calle David and Dasmariñas, 179 square meters.— Entrances on both streets.—Excellent show windows. Apply, John R. Wil son, Secretary, American Chamber of Commerce, 180 David, Phone 2-11-56. i be caught at the ounterparts. r. r, the rich man of . by Juan Rotor, ’ed by Bisayans, are also some d to be a labodialect spoken Ilokos, Cebu, 1 provinces.” otor for his THE MANILA HOTEL LEADING HOTEL IN THE ORIENT Designed and constructed to secure coolness, sanitation and comfort under tropic climatic conditions Provides every Western convenience combined with every Oriental luxury Finest Dance Orchestra in the Far East Management - - WALTER E. ANTRIM TISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF C^ RCE THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL January, 192 BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL DIRECTORY Kerr Steamship Co., Inc General Agents “SILVER FLEET” Express Freight Services Philippines-New York via Java and Singapore Roosevelt Steamship Agency Agents Chaco Bldg. Phone 2-14-20 Manila, P. I. Myers-Buck Co., Inc Surveying and Mapping PRIVATE MINERAL AND PUBLIC LAND 230 Kneedler Bldg. Tel. 2-16-10 PHILIPPINES COLD STORES Wholesale and Retail Dealers in American and Australian Refrigerated Produce STORES AND OFFICES Calle Echague Manila, P. I. MACLEOD & COMPANY Manila Cebu Vigan Davao Iloilo Exporters of Hemp and Maguey Rosenberg’s Garage TELEPHONE 5-69-55 Agents for INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER CO. Agricultural Machinery « ® CHINA BANKING CORPORATION MANILA, P. I. “LA URBANA” (Sociedad Mútua de Construcción y Préstamos) Préstamos Hipotecarios Domestic and Foreign Banking of Every Description Inversiones de Capital Ill Plaza Sta. Cruz Manila, P. I. P. O. Box 1394 Telephone 22070 J. A. STIVER Attorney-At-Law Notary Public Certified Public Accountant Investmen ts Income 121 Real, Intramuros Collections Tax Manila, P. I. HANSON & ORTH, Inc. Manila, P. I. Buyers and Exporters of Hemp and Other Fibers 612-613 Pacific Bldg. Tel. 2-24-18 BRANCHES: New York—London—Merida—Davao MADRIGAL & CO 8 Muelle del Banco Nacional Manila, P. I. Coal Contractors and Coconut Oil Manufacturers MILL LOCATED AT CEBU SALEEBY FIBER CO., INC. Fiber Merchants P. O. Box 1423 Manila, P. I, Room 318, Pacific Building Cable Address: “SALEFIBER” Derham Building Manila Phone 22516 P. O. Box 2103 MORTON & ERICKSEN, INC. Surveyors AMERICAN BUREAU OF SHIPPING Marine and Cargo Surveyors Sworn Measurers No Irregularities Society of All Nations, International in Scope, Civic, Educational, Charitable, Fra ternal, Social and Industrial. A Branch in your Community will help its progress in every way. After an existence of six years in the Philippines, the Bureau of the Treasury of the Philippine Government examined the books and records of this organization and found it to be one of the few large fraternal and mutual aid societies without irregular ities or anomalies. Red Rovers of the World of the P. I., Inc. De la Rama Bldg. *To. 2—Room 23 P. O. Box 1141 Manila, P. I. Mr. MANUEL VALENTIN TAILOR Formerly Chief Cutter for P. B. Florence & Co. 2-14 Plaza Sta. Cruz Manila, P. I. Phone 2-61-30 The Earnshaws Docks and Honolulu Iron Works Sugar Machinery Slipways Machine Shops Port Area Manila, P. I. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOUL anuary, íy^y lriLj . PRINCIPAL EXPORTS November, 1928 November, 1927 Monthly average for 12 months ending November, 1928. Commodities Quantity Value % Quantity Value % Quantity Value % ......................................... 11,069,878 1,796,914 8.3 14,675,641 P 2,352,350 11.9 48,610,039 P 7,993,898 31.7 ......................................... 15,347,116 4,395,834 20.7 12,756,782 4,545,877 22.8 14,007,311 4,553,831 18.0 ......................................... 11,087,099 3,670,994 17.3 12,919,387 4,428,826 22.2 12,051,666 2,614,949 10.2 ......................................... 22,602,953 4,320,874 20.4 13,134,496 2,674,647 13.6 19,778,771 3,511,488 13 8 ,'igars (Number)..................................................................... ......................................... 17,712,866 752,421 3.4 9,344,801 878,044 4.5 17,957,013 780,248 2.9 ‘«mbroidery............................................................................... 932,610 4.3 527,364 2.7 629,841 2.3 laguey........................................................................................ ......................................... 1,436,916 285,953 1.2 1,238,439 277,902 1.5 1,479,086 290,615 0.9 <eaf Tobacco................................................... ........................ ......................................... 4,279,790 1,259,389 5.9 3,147,643 966,468 4.9 1,810,083 538,925 1.9 ’esiccated and Shredded Coconut.................................. ......................................... 1,901,714 700,921 3.2 1,379,910 518,017 2.7 1,673,943 581,550 2.1 ats (Number)........................................................................ ......................................... 175,471 766,284 3.5 75,787 404,789 2.1 103,437 430,939 1.5 u/mber (Cubic Muter)......................................................... ......................................... 13,975 479,712 2.2 16,231 583,012 2.0 13,659 463,426 1.6 >pra Meal............................................................................... ......................................... 7,205,488 532,213 2.4 9,384,324 582,234 2.9 8,183,887 501,610 1.8 >rdage....................................................................................... ......................................... 549,631 288,295 1.3 366,150 214,082 1.1 533,766 290,432 1.0 tatted Hemp...................................................................... ......................................... 36,249 98,411 0.3 7,368 28,043 0.1 12,191 32,706 0.1 arl Buttons (Gross)........................................................... ......................................... 49,575 41,853 0.1 72,765 60,532 0.2 74,603 7,154 nton (low grade cordage fiber).................................... ......................................... 450,979 71,977 0.2 538,271 133,368 0.7 730,823 136,702 0.3 Other Products............................................................... 1,010,525 4.7 544,651 2.7 2,425,725 9.5 tai Domestic Products...................................................... 21,040,702 99.4 19,630,495 99.6 25,342,688 99.8 lited Scates Products.......................................................... 133,129 0.5 51,743 0.2 101,513 0.2 ireign Products...................................................................... 21,349 0.1 37,968 0.2 39,838 0.1 Grand Total............................................................. ....................................... P21,195,180 100.0 P19,720,206 100.0 P25,484,039 100.0 NOTE:— All quantities are in kilos except where otherwise indicated. PRINCIPAL IMPORTS CARRYING TRADE IMPORTS November, 1928 November, 1927 Monthly average for 12 months ending November, 1928. Articles Value % Value % Value % Cotton Cloths..................... P 3,157,485 15.8 P 3,652,092 18.4 P 3,401,814 15.3 ither Cotton Goods......... 1,236,165 6.2 1,313,112 6.7 1,268,686 5.6 ron and Steel, Except Machinery....................... 1,679,929 8.3 1,847,538 9.4 1,963,839 8.7 Rice......................................... 1,363,787 6.8 186,506 1.1 202,491 0.8 Wheat Flour........................ 810,298 4.0 644,358 3.4 824,154 3.6 Machinery and Parts of.. 1,493,628 7.5 1,743,128 8.9 1,418,161 6.3 Dairy Products.................. 509,675 2.5 641,909 3.3 665,488 2.9 Gasoline................................ 723,851 3.6 78,662 0.4 627,715 2.7 Silk Goods........................... 691,169 3.5 926,271 4.7 788,399 3.4 Automobiles......................... 572,554 2.9 223,530 1.2 636,265 2.8 Vegetable Fiber Goods... 525,339 2.6 341,127 1.8 415,126 1.7 Meat Products.................... 383,632 1.9 372,113 1.9 468,234 2.0 illuminating Oil.................. 244,765 1.2 126,792 0.7 551,306 2.3 Tish and Fish Products. . 568,396 2.8 373,403 1.9 318,981 1.3 |rude Oil............................. 4,647 52,503 0.2 50,145 0.2 |oal........................................ 321,016 1.5 113,572 0.6 365,152 1.5 Chemicals, Dyes, Drugs, 1 Etc...................................... 298,292 1.4 340,482 1.8 406,095 1.8 ertilizers.............................. 179,095 0.9 396,581 2.0 334,178 1.5 getable.............................. 264,539 1.2 310,328 1.6 307,537 1.3 per Goods, Except ooks................................ 280,732 1.3 285,593 1.5 447,574 2.0 bacco and Manufacures of............................ 333,263 1.6 586,755 2.5 499,532 2.2 ctrical Machinery.. .. 241,350 1.1 316,772 1.6 336,208 1.5 ks and Other Printed atters............................. 127,998 0.6 236,384 1.2 333,844 1.4 s and Carriages, Ex.pt Autos....................... 201,480 0.9 141,349 0.8 224,319 1.0 omobile Tires.............. 231,422 1.0 196,160 0.5 277,102 1.2 its and Nuts................ 209,471 0.9 152,861 0.8 254,486 1.1 oT s.................... 85,176 0.3 185,242 1.0 149,414 0.6 s.................... 148,081 0.6 220,377 1.2 269,620 1.2 .a ther ot.nX.re.................................... 227,190 1.0 367,098 1.8 207,382 0.9 ffee.................................... 189,321 0.8 158,557 0.8 150,779 0.6 eadstuff, Except heat Flour.................. 143,381 0.6 155,372 0.8 167,274 0.7 107,223 0.4 154,412 0.8 170,207 0.7 ery and Other let Goods.................. 162,260 0.7 120,741 0.7 142,993 0.5 ’eating Oil.................. 101,298 0.4 58,875 0.3 194,824 0.8 o Manufactures, Ext Candy.................... 77,891 0.3 49,950 0.3 130,903 0.5 and Glassware. ... 126,403 0.5 125,830 0.7 157,214 0.7 s, Pigments, Var, Etc.......................... 118,699 0.5 153,811 0.8 141,099 0.6 ot separately listed. 103,303 0.4 111,065 0.6 146,116 0.6 en Stones and inaware....................... 128,205 0.5 94,413 0.5 118,784 0.4 mobile Accessories.. 181,412 0.8 119,527 0.6 151,822 0.7 ond and Other Pre us Stones Unset.. .. 208,807 0.9 63,346 0.4 123,791 0.5 , Bamboo, Reed, 100,695 0.4 57,149 0.3 90,367 0.4 ttan............................... Rubber Goods. . .. 98,845 0.4 149,179 0.8 125,048 0.5 102,852 0 4 72,140 0.4 175,172 0.7 hes................................ 58,542 0.2 67,858 0.4 85,084 0.3 e.................................... 23,383 0.1 36,650 0.1 sives............................. 69,332 0.2 21,603 0.1 54,465 0.2 ent.................................. 25,342 0.1 62,006 0.4 79,045 0.3 r and Molasses......... 77,948 0.3 88,144 0.5 74,586 0.3 on Picture Films. .. 18,209 39,117 0.2 32,319 0.1 Imports........... 1,440,728 7.1 1,388,264 6.5 1,855,390 8.0 tai......................... P20,779,614 100.0 P19,683,957 100.0 P22,318,279 100.0 Nationality of Vessels Monthly average for November, 1928 November 1927 12 months ending November, 1928. Value Value Value American..................... .... P10,059,960 49.8 P10,329,228 51.9 P10,361,243 47.4 British........................... .... 5,945,067 29.3 5,538,896 27.9 6,400,020 29.4 Japanese....................... .... 761,213 3.4 957,990 5.0 1,051,093 5.1 Dutch........................... .... 536,986 2.3 753,433 4.0 735,559 3.7 German......................... .... 1,508,885 7.2 1,472,885 7.6 1,519,753 7.2 Norwegian.................. .... 580,827 2.6 1,479 532,025 2.7 Philippine.................... .... 74,028 0.1 43,843 0.5 151,808 0.9 Spanish......................... .... 30,822 79,744 0.6 163,127 1.0 Chinese........... ............. .... 320,584 1.2 7,664 40,205 0.3 Swedish......................... 13,628 Dannish....................... 13,011 Csechoslovak.............. 1,340 French......................... .... 232,254 1.0 16,285 0.1 By Freight........................... By Mail................................ ______ Total......................... P20,050,626 96.7 P19,195,162 97.4 P21,883,006 97.8 728,988 3.3 488,795 2.6 443,616 2,2 P20,779,614 100.0 1*19,683,957 100.0 • P22,326,622 100.0 EXPORTS Monthly average for November, 1928 November, 1927 12 months ending Nationality of November, 1928. V C33C1» Value % Value % Value % American.............. .................P 8,610,205 40.9 P 9,724,805 48.9 Pll,808,345 47.3 British.................... .............. 7,996,938 38.0 5,828,334 29.3 7,871,634 2,177,732 31.5 Japanese................ .............. 1,145,704 5.4 1,281,096 1,088,876 6.6 8.7 German.................. .............. 918,398 4.3 5.6 881,624 3.5 Norwegian............ .............. 137,365 0.6 465,913 1.8 Spanish.................. .............. 411,331 1.5 441,016 2.4 103,675 0.4 Dutch.................... .............. 536,265 2.5 663,328 3.5 426,981 1.6 Philippine.............. .............. 37,435 0.2 56,313 0.4 146,732 0.5 Chinese.................. 16,129 12,059 Swedish.................. .............. 53,937 0.2 492,455 1.9 French.................. 1,880 Dannish................ .53,200 0.2 By Freight........... .................P19,847,578 94.6 P19.099.897 96.7 P24,817,860 97.4 By Mail................ .............. 1,347,602 6.4 620,309 3.3 666.17R 2 6 Total......... ................ P21.195.180 100.0 P19.720.206 100.0 P25 1 TRADE WITH THE UNITED STATES AND FOREIGN CC a '> IHES Mon - November, 1928 November, 1927 12 : ■• •.» . eiviint. Nc ’ ibe- 1926 PORT STATISTICS TRADE WITH TIIE UNITED STATES AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES Monthly average for November, 1928 November, 1927 12 months ending November, 1928 Value % Value % Value % nila................................... P28.422.642 67.7 P28.409.705 71 .3 P32.103.105 67.3 ilo...................................... 3,256,316 7.7 4,148,043 10.6 7,531,035 15.0 bu...................................... 7,381,325 17.6 4,494,737 11.5 6,701,335 13.2 iboanga.......................... 758,555 1.8 229,195 0.7 554,867 1.1 ........... 67,013 0.2 68,788 0.4 130,569 0.2 no..................................... 1,225,962 2.9 1,156,418 3 1 1,178,454 2.5 ispi.................................. 862,981 2.1 897,277 2.4 318,382 0.7 Total.............. - — mo o P39.404.163 100.0 P4 7,893,945 ifi.> i; Countries Value % Value % c United States................ .. P25,624,559 61.1 P25,205,245 63.1 P3 27.Ó1O 69 4 United Kingdom........... 2,010,904 4.9 2,987,521 7.7 •: j-i .!3-4 4.7 Japan................................. 3,262,663 7.9 3,321,830 8.4 . n 17 , ¡. China................................. 1,380,031 3.4 1,435,546 3.7 í -. * 753 * 3 . 5 French East Indies. .. 1,363,403 3.3 174,402 0.5 Germany........................... 1,293,527 3.2 1,597,587 4.1 >72 / >4 :> '' Spain.................................. 2,111,617 5.1 988,691 2.5 .' I 7,35 2 -■ Australia........................... 448,463 1.1 300,931 0.8 ■7'», 2,'E i» British East Indies. . . 647,623 1.6 444,659 1.2 7. > 229 1 i Dutch East Indies.. .. 401,822 1.0 426,807 1.1 ^-,5/ ■' 1 1 France............................... 820,596 2.0 607,864 1.6 j Netherlands..................... 558,204 1.4 328,882 0.9 ’¡0,09 J 0 <’> Italy.................................. 218,813 0.6 255,584 0.7 - 50.9 3’ Hongkong........................ 194,934 0.5 226,488 0.6 • / 7 .. S'- 5 Belgium............................ 683,166 1.6 296,771 0.8 ■ ^.14 ■ Switzerland...................... 178,053 0.4 298,619 0.8 i ■ , 3 s 1- c c'. Japanese-China.............. 159,652 0.4 79,269 0.3 ' Á.7 ■ ■ G 7 Siam.................................. 36,776 0.1 41,653 0.2 •i1 ,7’95 0 . i Sweden............................. 161,323 0.4 144,649 0.3 ... 0 1 Canada.............................. 97,162 0.2 111,977 0.2 0 . ' Norway............................. 109,596 0.3 27,130 .SC.7 0 ; Austria............................. 8,812 30,399 0.1 Denmark.......................... 37,138 0.1 28,002 0 1 Other Countries...... 166,587 0.4 167.115 0.4 :<) .. P41,974,794 100 0 P39.404.163 100.0 P4/, 803,945 100.0 THE r ,cE INDUSTRY By Percy A. Hill y of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija, Director, Rice Producers' Association ■ —■ ■ ■ — Prices for both rice and palay remain about the same as in last review the former firm at F8.20 to F9 according to class and the latter F3.50 to F3.90 accord ing to grade. Saigon rice is averaging F8.70 per sack, delivery either Manila or Cebu. Im ports of the latter were in December 8,758,164 kilos valued at approxi. mately Fl,336,415 and ary 7,559,464 kflos valued at Fl, 153,603 ports for the last two months slightly do-Asian markets report firm demand rope and oriental countries. The civil t threatens to reign in China will no iffen export prices. There has been quiu a lot of pai rot-cry mg about diversification in crops. Irrespective of the economic loss by change and that of the climatic and physical limitations of the country, or rather its special regions, we are inclined to view the abuse of this word diversification as a pastime of politicians and misled agriculturists, at least in the Philippines. As regards the rice industry there are only certain provinces where this function is correctly named. These are the ones where the volume of production is such that the greater part is given over to.a money crop, supplying the less fortunate provinces through the channels of trade. These provinces are in central Luzon. Other provinces producing the cereal, consume the major portion, and depend on export crops for cash. In the balance of the provinces the pro duction of rice is negligible. It must not be forgotten, following up the diversification idea, and eliminating the nine million pesos annual import of flour, that Cebu, the most heavily populated province, depends upon corn as its * vital food, the soil and climate not being adapted to rice. They have over 164,000 hectares pro ducing nearly two and a half million cavans of corn valued last year at over eleven millions of pesos. This is also true in the case of Leyte, Negro. the pro. .uction _ __ rice, i 'iversification if crops has not congained in the education of tne polit the speiibinder or the fixer. TOBACCO REVIEW Alhambra Cigar and Cigarette Manufacturing Co. shipped abroad Raw Leaf:—Trading in local grades during March was quiet. An increased demand for cheap Cagayan export types has been observed. The greater part of this tobacco was 1 ‘ to Belgium and Holland. Shipments during March were: Raw leaf, stripped tobacco and scraps Australia.............................................. China.................................................... Dutch East Indies........................... Hongkong............................................ Japan.................................................... North Africa...................................... North zYtlantic (Europe)............... Spain..................................................... Straits Settlements........................... United States.................................... Uruguay............................................... When Telegraphing Use The Radiogram Route 'e WORLD IDE IRELESS 1,502,589 March, 1928...................................... 1,779,695 Cigars’ .—The business with the United States has not been very satisfactory during the first quarter of 1929. A decrease of about 10% over the corresponding period of 1928 is noted. Com parative figures for cigar shipments to the United States are as follows: March 1929, 12,985,111; February 1929, 11,903,454; March 1928, 15,821,696 all in units of cigars, not thousands. WILLIAMS TO MADRID ’0 CORPORATION OF THE PHILIPPINES 25 PLAZA MORAGA I 2-26-01 2-26-02 ' 2-26-03 Always Open Stanley and Mrs. Wil liams with their children left Manila April 5 on the Empress of France for the United States, en route to Madrid where Williams has been sent as branch manager for the National City Bank (still, by exigency of law, operating in the Philippines as the In ternational Banking Cor poration, an opinion of the attorney general holding that only the Philippine National Bank may use the word national in its title in these islands). Stanley Tiny Williams, as tall as a pine sapling and as sturdy as a New England whaler, first came to the Philippines in 1906. As a vigorous young shavetail just graduated from Bowdoin college, whence the I. B. C. draws numbers of its men, that institution had em ployed him for station in Cebu. Since that time he has spent 14years with the I. B. C. in the Philippines, and seven years with them in Mexico, at Panama, and in San Francisco. On some of his vacations he has traveled in Europe, and Spain is not unfamiliar ground to him. But it is in the Philippines, where he has long been manager for the I. B. C., that he developed into as able a catch-as-catch-can international banker as any man seeking an overdraft would wish to encounter, or any depositor or stockholder would desire to have in charge of his cash. Wishing him and his family the best of health and fortune, the Philippines, where they leave hosts of friends in every element of the population, diffidently invite attention to the luggage stickers—Cebu, Manila, P. I.— and to the fact that men of Williams’s excellent stamp can be, and are, rounded, in the varied overseas and domestic business of this archi pelago, to a calibre of experience and ability rating them with the best. Manager R. É. Shaw, already favorably known here, succeeds Williams at this post. 'ERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL rcjC'AL'^ i ATE ' By P. D. CARMAN San Juan Heights Addition I During March tlie market fluctuated within narrow limits and closed on the 31st at 25 15/16 for ready and 26 for forward. New York Bar Silver was quoted at 56 1/2 on February 28th, was low for March on the 9th and 16th instants at 56 1/8, reached a high point of 56 5/8 on March 21st and 22nd and closed at 56 1/4. Telegraphic transfers on other points were quoted as follows on the last business day of March: Paris, 12.40; Madird, 155 1/4; Singapore1, 114 1/2; Japan, 91; Shanghai, 78 1/2; Hong kong, 99 3/4; India, 135; Java, 122 3/4. And Our Old Friend “et al” She (at movies, thrilled by the Holly wood clinch):—But I’ve heard kissing is not a universal custom. He:—Well, at least it’s Universal. Statement of Ownership, Manageme Etc. of the AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNA; Editor e Manager WALTER ROBB WALTER Ru Publisher and Proprietor THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCT OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS Signed: WALTER J. ROBB Editor and Manager Subscribed and sworn to before me this 10th day of April, 1929 Inspection Division, Manila Post Office March was the big gest month in Manila real estate of which we have record with the one exception of De cember, 1919, when sa les totalled P3,588,123. Even this could pro perly be disregarded as a comparison of general conditions since in 1919 there was relatively lit tle suburban business. The records of the pres ent very large subur ban sales are not available. Most of these sales are made on the installment ¡flan over long terms and are not recorded until titles are issued. It is obvious that much of this would appear as city business, if suburban sales were negligible. With the January and February figures excep tionally large the Manila sales during the first quarter of 1929 exceed those of any similar period since 1919 and point to a record-breaking year. Read the Journal Statist’ Sales, City of Manila February 1929 March 1929 Sta. Cruz ............... p 333,429 P 844,183 Binondo..................... 546,680 61,700 San Nicolas............... 9,000 523,000 Ton do......................... 96,858 119,748 Sampaloc................... 76,983 49,445 San Miguel............... 40,300 345,800 Quiapo........................ 45,680 80,800 Intramuros................. 115,625 368,000 Ermita........................ 246,850 Malate........................ 71,944 415,598 Paco............................ 13,328 6,652 Sta. Ana..................... 6,300 47,446 Pandacan................... 1,500 25,640 Sta. Mesa.................. 28,598 26,000 Pl,386.585 P3,160,862 FAST FREIGHT ACROSS AMERICA REVIEW OF THE EXCHANGE MARKET By Richard e. Shaw Manager International Banking Corporation You will profit by the extraordinary care given your shipment on the Great Northern. The service is un usually fast, dependable and prompt be " Pacific Northwest Ports of Entry and Minne^ Paul, Chicago, New York and other Eastern Pc For your accommodation , the services of our Im and Export Offices located at 411 Douglas Bldg., Sea 79 West Monroe St., Chicago, 233 Broadway, b York, are offered without charge. Consult them free and save worry and expense. The first week of March found the buy ing rates for US$TT again on the decline but a reaction soon set in and, as the Banks’ cash reserves strengthened, they began to compete eagerly for any exchange offering. Rates were thus pushed up until at the month end there were buyers of US$TT at 3/4% premium for ready and 5/8% pre mium for forward del ivery. The temporary ease in selling rates which was apparent during the first part of March soon gave way to a distinct firmness which gradually forced up the quotations for US$TT from 1/4% premium to 1-1/8% premium at the close. No purchases of telegraphic transfers were made from the Insular Treasurer during the period from February 16th to March 16th. The Sterling market was exceedingly quiet. At the opening there were sellers of TT at 2/-9/16 and buyers at 2/-3/4, while at the close sellers were quoting 2/-7/16 and buyers were offering 2/-9/16 to 2/-5/S. On February 28th the New York London cross-rate was quoted at 485-1/4. It touched a low of 485 3/32 on March 8th and 9th, rose to a high of 485 17/32 on March 18th and closed on the last day of the same month at 485 1/4. The quotation for London Bar Silver on Feb ruary 28th was 26 1/8 ready and 26 1/8 forward. M. J . Costello Western Traffic Manager IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER