American Chamber of Commerce Journal Vol. 9, No.2 (February 1929)

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Part of The American Chamber of Commerce Journal

Title: American Chamber of Commerce Journal Vol. 9, No.2 (February 1929)
Issue Date: Volume 9 (Issue No. 2) February 1929
Year: 1929
Language: English
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extracted text: 7. FEBRUARY, 19? / “Ancestor Worshipers”—A Description of a Weird Seance with Primitive Native Mystics: Their Fire Dance.—More Franciscan Missions.—Expert Reviews of Leading Philippine Industries: Sta tistical Supplement Giving an Instant Grasp of Insular Overseas Commerce.— Special Articles of General Interest TABACALERA Your tobacconist w i 11 gladly supply you The word “TABACALERA" on a cigar is just as significant as the word “Sterling” on silver Highflex Belting , J .ders.ce on Difficult Drives IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOUR NAL SPREADING YOUR RISKSThe keen businessman diversifies his investments both geographically and by types, not alone to avoid possible adverse conditions in some single industry or section of the world, but also to share more widely in those favorable developments which strengthen investment holding and make them more valuable. WE SUGGESTPittsburgh Hotels Corporation— 5y2% Sinking Fund Gold Bonds, due March 1, 1948, yielding approximately................................ 5%% Chile Copper Co.— 20-Year Gold Debentures, due 1947, yielding approximately............................................................... 5J^% Cities Service, Power and Light Company— 5J 2% Gold Debentures, due November 1, 1952, yielding approximately.......................................... 5 .65% German Central Bank for Agriculture Farm Loan— Secured 6% Sinking Fund Bonds, due October 15, 1960, yielding approximately.......................... 6^% Columbia Steel Corporation— First Mortgage Sinking Fund Gold Bonds 5J^% yielding approximately......................................... Norwegian Hydro-Electric Corporation— Gold Bonds—Series A—5J^%, due 1957, to yield approximately....................................................... 6.12% Commonwealth of Australia External Loan— 30-Year 5% Gold Bonds, due September 1, 1957, yielding approximately........................................ 5.125% General Electric Co., Germany— 20-Year 6% Gold Sinking Fund Debentures, due May 1, 1948, yielding approximately............. 6^2% The average yield on the above list is approximately 6% Full Details On Request INTERNATIONAL BANKING CORPORATION Outfittings *; i ¡ ; I BECK’S 89 Escolta 91 174 Juan Luna Manila, P. I. P. O. Box 403 Phones: 2-25-67 and 2-25-68 FRANK G. 1IAUGHWOUT Biological Laboratory 915 M. H. del Pilar Manila, P. I. Stool, Blood and Urine Examinations Special Sunday and Holiday Hours for Business Men: 8 to 9 a.m.; 3 to 5 p.m. Week-days: 7:30 a.m. to 12 m.; 1:30 to 5 p.m. Men’s, Women’s and Children’s WEANDSCO Western Equipment and Supply Co. Distributers in the Philippines for Largest Assortment Manila Wine Merchants, Ltd. Western Electric Co. Graybar Electric Co. Westinghouse 119 Calle T. Pinpin P. O. Box C Manila, P. T Recommended By Leading Doctors I I NOW’S THE TIME! Drink It For Your Health’s Sake TEL. 5 73-06 Nature’s Best Mineral Water gEND in subscriptions for your friends in the United States—men who are (or ought to be!) personally concerned for the welfare of the Philippines. Make it a Christ mas gift, and Do It Now! w I N RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL Beauty in The Low Priced Field Dodge Brothers Standard Six proves that a low priced car can be really beautiful. As soon as you see it you will agree that beauty is by no means limited to the high priced field. You expect so smart a car to perform smartly — and Dodge Brothers Standard Six does. Low in first cost, low in upkeep cost—yet ranking high in those qualities that make owners proud and keep them so, the Standard’s popularity is a logical and well deserved tribute to Dodge Brothers engineers. Dodge Brothers complete line of passenger vehicles includes the Standard Six, the Victory Six and the Senior Six. Sole Distributors: ESTRELLA AUTO PALACE LEVY HERMANOS, Inc. 536-568 Gandara Iloilo -- MANILA — Cebu UtMAiis Via IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL February, 1<?29 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL Announcing Operation of Additional Trains Between Manila and Bauang, Union Important to Baguio Travelers DAILY SERVICE TWO NORTHBOUND TRAINS With connection at Damortis for Baguio Baguio Express No. 10 leaves Manila 8:00 a. m. Arrives j ‘ Union. 2:58 pi n Thru Train No. 2 leaves Manila 10:00 a.m. Arrives ( Ba^ng,'Union.'.7:02 p. n AUTOBUS CONNECTION FROM DAMORTIS WITH EXPRESS TRAIN No. 10 First class passengers arrive Baguio...............................................4:00 p. m. Third class passengers arrive Baguio............................................. 5:15 p. m. AUTOBUS CONNECTION FROM DAMORTIS WITH THRU TRAIN No. 2 First class passengers arrive Baguio...............................................8:00 p. m. Third class passengers arrive Baguio............................................. 9:00 p. m. THREE MANILA BOUND TRAINS Two with connection at Damortis for passengers from Baguio Thru Train No. 1 leaves Bauang, Union, 6:34 a. m. Arrives Manila 1:30 p. m. (No connection at Damortis) Baguio Express No. 9 leaves Bauang Union 10:47 a. m. \ Manila 5:45 p. m. Damortis 11:45 a. m. ) K Thru Train No. 7 leaves Bauang,.Union 12:56 p. m. \ Arrives Manila 8:25 p. m. Damortis 2:02 p.m. / K AUTOBUS CONNECTION WITH BAGUIO EXPRESS No. 9 First class passengers leave Baguio................................................ 9:30 a. m. Third class passengers leave Baguio.............................................. 8:30 a. m. AUTOBUS CONNECTION WITH THRU TRAIN No. 7 First class passengers leave Baguio.................................................11:30 a. m. Third class passengers leave Baguio............................................... 11:00 a. m. BAGUIO NIGHT SPECIAL Leaves Manila every Friday, 11:00 p. m. Return trip, leaves Bauang, Union, 9:00 p. m. Damortis 10:00 p. m. the next Sunday to arrive Manila, 5:10 Monday morning. AUTOBUS CONNECTION FOR ILOCOS PROVINCES Baguio Night Special makes connection with Northern Luzon Transportation at Bauang, Union, where it arrives at 7:22 a. m., enabling travelers to Hocos Provinces to reach destination on the same day. Manila-Baguio LOW PASSENGER RATES First Class Third Class One way..................................................................... P14.33 P6.39 Round trip, 120 days............................................ 23.32 11.78 Manila-Bauang, Union, one way............................... 10.24 4.55 Manila-Damortis, one way.......................................... 8.88 3.89 Manila-Vigan, one way.................................................................. 5.73 Manila-Laoag, one way................................................ ................. 7.74 All thru trains make connections at Bauang, Union, with the Northern Luzon Transportation for llocos Provinces. RATE ON AUTOMOBILES BY FREIGHT TRAIN FROM MANILA TO DAMORTIS One automobile, 5 passengers........................................................... P43.28 Two automobiles, 5 passengers............................................................. 64.92 NOTE:—Automobiles billed Thursday afternoon arrive Damortis Friday evening. MANILA railroad company RES. . iO AL- 'ERTISEME, ‘- - VH-TIOlf THE ameritan chamber of commerce journal THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL February, 192£ Simplicity and Sturdiness Willamette logging engines are leaders in the forest throughout the world o, j x-r . All parts are built oversize Sturdy Construction: to provide ample safety margin for the hardest work. This is responsible for the low maintenance cost and remarkably long life of Willamette Yarders. WILLAMETTE Offices and Bodegas in Manila Address inquiries to Manila and Zamboanga or Zamboanga Spare parts carried in stock in Manila and Zamboanga by MEYER-MUZZALL COMPANY 314 Pacific Building, Manila CORONAS DE LA ALHAMBRA HALF- A- CORONA EXCELENTES ESPECIALES BELLEZAS PRESIDENTES Etc., Etc. Hire a Meralco Bus I Travel pleasantly, comfortably with your own congenial crowd. Hire your own Bus for that trip to the baseball game, picnic, excursion or special tour. Meralco is prepared to furnish you an up-to-date Bus. You have no worry, no cares. Your mind is free to enjoy the scenery and the pleasures of the day. For complete information regarding rates, etc., call our Transportation Department, Telephone 2-19-11. Watch For The Name ALHAMBRA On Rings and Labels— It’s Your Protection Alhambra Cigar and Cigarette Mfg. Go. Manila, P. I. 31 Tayuman MANILA ELECTRIC COMPANY (MERALCO) 134 San Marcelino Manila, P. I. IMITA TED BUT NEVER EQUALLED! IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JO^JRl February, 1J2Q AMRfílCAN TM’RK'J? nr r'rMijrnfnTmT* PUBLISHED MONTHLY directors and BY OFFICERS The American Chamber of Commerce . OF THE B. A. Green, Treasurer Philippine Islands xcLR^*wfute (Member Chamber of Commerce of the United*States) Kenneth 13. Day Alf Welhaven ENTERED AS SECOND CLASS MATTER May 25» 1921, at the ALTERNATE DIRECTORS COMMITTEES The President has named and submits for confirmation the following Committees: POST OFFICE AT MANILA, P. I. Local Subscription: P4.00 per year Foreign Subscription: $3.00 U. S. Currency, per year Single Copies: 35 Centavos WALTER ROBB» Editor and Manager J. L. Headington A. B. Cresap Frank W. Butler Wm. H. Rennolds John R. Wilson, Secretary E. E. Selph, General Counsel EXECUTIVE P. A. Meyer, Chairman H. M. Cavender H. L. Heath RELIEF W. J. Odom, Chairman Carl Hess John Gordon MANUFACTURING P. A. Meyer, Chairman Alf Welhaven E. A. Seidenspinner LEGISLATIVE P. A. Meyer, Chains Frank B. Ingersoll J. R. Wilson FINANCE J. L. Headington, Chair ma. Wm. H. Rennolds F. W. Butler FOREIGN TRADE H. B. Pond, Chairman L. L. Spellman M. M. Saleeby PUBLICATIONS P. A. Meyer, Chairman Roy C. Bennett BANKING AND CURRENCY Stanley Williams, Chair man W. J. Shaw RECEPTION AND ENTERTAINMENT J. L. Headington, Chair man F. W. Butler J. R. Wilson HOUSE Í3. A. Green, Chairman J. R. Wilson LIBRARY John Gordon, Chairman SHIPPING H. M. Cavender, Chairman G. P. Bradford L. E. Nantz INVESTMENTS P. A. Meyer, Chairman H. M. Cavender B. A. Green Ancestor Worshipers Go out into the country of an evening? Of course! For where in all the world could the joy of it be more exquisite? If anyone would resist the spell of the tropics, let him avoid the witchery of the night. But we would not resist it, having long been in its thrall: so, invited, we drove along Rizal avenue far out, until it became a moonlit country road and the rows of lights along its urban section were far behind. Invited into the country, go. The brooding tranquillity, the undulating sward, the bamboobordered river, the faintest murmurs of the purling stream are only certain attributes of a bucolic munificence that wraps you round: there are the placid skies, in their tropic seemingproximity, a moon that through the huge umbraceousness of mango, santol and acacia casts great pools of shadow on the lanes where little groups of people stroll along with the purpose, evidently, of going somewhere but with no particular anxiety urging them to forego the pleasure of atuning their mood to the mysterious night and its pagan enchantments. We went, then, to San Francisco del Monte, where the ancestor worshipers were to exorcise the; ancient demons, work the weird sorcery of their incantations and defy the laws of physics; this when their ecstasy and divination of the counsel of the blessed, and their revered an cestors, should move them to do so. They were to prove, just as Sir Oliver Lodge might endeavor to prove, the soul’s transcendency over the flesh. Yet they were the poorest and commonest of taos; they were just three bowlegged, sprawl-toed old men from an obscure village of Cavite, whom you glance at once and swear were witless. We were early, but they were already at their altar. One by one the groups of strollers came down into the yard where the altar, candlelighted, was in place under a mango tree. A canopy had been erected for it. The canopy, of canvas and fiber matting, was like a camp tent with the flaps open; and we all gathered round in front as if it were a stage on which we were watching a mystery play. There was a fitting air of quietude. Voices were not in the least pent with awe, for the men at the altar made no effort to induce such mental receptiveness; but we spoke in low voices to each other, though gayly enough, because we craned our necks, looked over one another’s shoulders and harkened intently in order to catch the words of the worshipers. Two plain tive guitars tinkled softly now and then, and a fiddlebow scraped in subdued harmony with them. Back of us, in the midst of the yard, was a brisk bonfire. It had been started with brush and branches, but then it was enlarged with cordwood and whole tree stumps. Dry bamboo was put on to provoke more heat and make a brilliant blaze for better light. All the while the men kept kneeling at the altar. They were chanting constantly, some times in unison, sometimes one man alone, the others joining in with the equivalent of amens and so’s-let-it-be; but their persistent sup plications were very low, half-audible murmurs. What they said was made up of the several religions which are known to have influenced Filipino character; first of all, his own nature worship, then Hinduism, Buddhism, Moham medanism and a great deal of orthodox and heterodox Christianity and old-testament legend. Appeals were made to the court of the saints, to the heavenly hosts that vanquished Lucifer (who was taunted and defied), to the twelve apostles, to Him who sits on the right hand of God, to Our Lady, and many more; and a spiri tual journey was taken through the seventh heaven of the disciples of Mohamed. The altar was heaped with food and wine, for the indigenous gods and for the ancestors who were invoked. We have brought you wine and suman, We have made you good maruya, We have roasted whole the pullet JACOB LEVY PHILIPPINE HATS Buntals Bamboos Calasiaos Balibuntals Correspondence Solicited 227 Calle David Manila, P. I. Cable Address: “TEXTILES” THE NEW FORD TUDOR SEDAN A great car for the family. Built to accommodate 5 persons without crowding Price—Pl,925.00 Cash (Ex. Manila Bodega) BEAUTY.... You will admire the beauty of the new FORD Cars. Yet greater even than this beauty is the mechanical reliability upon which motor car performance so greatly depends. BUY WISELY—BUY A NEW Easy Terms if Desired "After We Sell We Serve" MANILA TRADING & SUPPLY CO. MANILA ILOILO CEBU BACOLOD IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS P’FW. MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL February Ind have baked you fresh bibinka; lome you to the feast we offer, >hare our rice and quaff our bino, re who made the fields we labor, re who know our earthly sorrows, Vho have ¿one aloné before us Jp the tortuous path of patience ro a world beyond the starlight Vhence you now look down upon us. Cake us there, if but in spirit, Tust a moment, and in spirit, Vhat we may discern what truth is Xnd may understand the yearning h our hearts to wander thither Xny time the Master hails us Vith the gesture men call death, which lhall bring us, we, your children, Fo the place where you are dwelling, Fo the land of the undying. I great deal along this line, the chants were; 1 when, one by one, the worshipers could not ke a dagger, their talisman, stand upright its hilt on a porcelain saucer, they would zently chant some more—until it not only od unsupported on its two-pronged hilt, but Falling fell toward the medicine-maker, which By Negrito Law ‘Esther, this is an affair between gentlemen, 1 here and myself. You are not concerned it, you are not to interfere; but, since it con ns you, you are to stay and see it out. See nit! Do you understand? Do you?” And held her frightened miserable eyes until they :nowledged comprehension, and acquiescence, en he turned back to Bell, still standing pectfully erect. ‘You have told me the truth?” he demanded. ‘The truth.” ‘All?” ‘All.” ‘It is enough. We shall settle it here, by the grito law. Do you know what it is?” ‘I do, certainly.” What?” A single arrow shot. You may make it at mty paces.” Right. Are you game for it?” leaning :r the table and menacing Bell’s courage. 1 did not flinch. t was in the sala principal of the Constabur quarters at Iba, Zambales, back in the pire days—an affair of honor between jtain Charles Bosworth, senior inspector of frontier province, and Lieutenant Jimmie 1, second in command, and, heretofore, Dtain Bosworth’s trusted comrade and bosom nd. To Bell Captain Bosworth had reled his love for Esther Duboise and his ;agement to her. But ever since she had ived at the post, to marry Captain Bosworth a fortnight, her fiancé had noted a gradual ing of his stock and the girl’s growing adation for his junior, Jimmie Bell. So, and y gallantly, Bosworth had thrown the two ether for a long outing up Mount Mariveles was a symbol that he had finally communed with omnipotence and the answer was favorable. Resinous incense was passed over the altar in the process of the medicine-making, and the dagger was quite liberally smoked in it; so that it is probable that a tendency to stick to the saucer was momentarily imparted to the horn hilt. Nevertheless, it seemed a hard trick to master; and probably the worshipers who make this medicine are unaware that the incense gives a physical aid to the spirit. All devils were of course cursed away, he who would malevolently blight a field, he who would send swarms of locusts to devour green crops. There was even a journey over the water. The boat was sym bolized by a sarong held at the gathered-up ends by two girls, and the food stowed in its silken belly. Around this the three worshipers danced, gracefully, without a hint of suggestive ness or failing of decorous restraint. Yet they were symbolizing the heights of ecstasy; they were indicating to us the transports of joy they felt from their intimate communion with heaven. Yea, they were walking on Galilee! The ceremony, progressing, as it did, in the {Please turn to page 21) and back, and then had had no lingering doubts: Esther and Jimmie, no longer Esther and Bos worth, were sweethearts. Bell, of course, just as he had expected, had come to him at once and made a clean breast of things after the Mariveles trip from which the pair had just returned. All along they had fallen into Bosworth’s trap. Now he was staging a little drama of his own devising. “Are you game for it?” he challenged Bell again. “Certainly!” “Then pace this room. I’ve already done so, aiming in my archery practice. You know damned well, Bell, I’m a good shot, and I’ll get you. But I want you to be satisfied.” Bell paced the room, one, two, three . . . exact ly twenty paces! Then he took his stand at the farther end of it. Bosworth stepped to the door, unlocked it, stuck his head through the opening and yelled to Nibo. When Nibo, Bosworth’s trusted Negrito guide, came a-running, he said, “Quickly! Your bow and arrows. Fetch them here at once!” Nibo brought them. Taking them from his hand, Bosworth slammed and locked the door again. With the weapons in his hands, weapons in the use of which he had long skilled himself, thus utilizing idle hours at quarters, his manner seemed to cool. He instantly regained self possession; and he laid out a number of arrows on the serving table, examining each one care fully, as if to make a sure selection among them. This over, and beginning to fit an arrow to the bow string, a smile on his lips, he consulted his victim. “Bell, do I use a poisoned arrow?” He was proving his rival worthy of his steel. Bell stood the test. “No, sir. The umyritten law of the N< 4- js is a clean arrow, except fjpr deer. The 1 Jd shot,—this shot, siriVis made with a ciean arrow. But ... I leave you your choice.” “Thanks. I’ll take a clean arrow. Ready?” Setting his feet, he prepared to flex the bow. “Ready?” he asked again. Bell drew his eyes away from the tortured girl, stood erect, his head high against the wall, hi^ uniform blouse laid aside, his breast a fair target. “Ready!” he called. The girl could withhold admiration from neither of them. Bosworth prepared to aim, but the bow seemed hardly to bend in his grasp. Bell continued standing steadily, breathing steadily. Bos worth, fumbling the bow, looked over toward the girl. “Remember your position here, Esther,” he warned her. “You’re a second to both of us. It was dark when you two returned. No one saw, no one knows but Nibo and myself, and you. The story, of course, is, that lurking juramentados ‘got’ Bell on the homeward trail, and that you and Nibo brought him back dead. That’s the sportsmanship of it. Isn’t it, Bell?” It flamed over the girl. An outrage, she thought. She sprang from her chair, vibrant and pale with futile anger. “But . . .!” “Esther,” it was Bell’s voice this time. Bell went to her, took hold of her, and gently, but with firmness equal to Bosworth’s, forced her into her chair again. “Esther, Captain Bosworth is entirely right. No word of the truth about this must be breathed—ever. The service will never question the story that they ‘got’ me on the trail. Do you promise, Esther? You know I told you Bosworth and I should have this out between us.” The poor girl was silent, beaten. Belli returned to his place at the wall. Bosworth raised the bow. Try as he seemed to try, he could not flex it. “Damn!” He said, grinding his teeth. ,< “I might have known I could do nothing with Nibo’s bow!” He looked, almost inquiringly at Bell. Few are the Occidentals who can flex a Negrito bow; they are of palma brava, stróng bows, and the knack is acquired only by practice from childhood up. “Captain Bosworth,” said Bell, steadily. “Nibo is in on this anyway. Bring him in? he can shoot for you.” \ But Bosworth had had his triumph, he had tried the mettle of both of them, as he had planned for what now seemed many, many days. Now he looked at Bell, then at the girl—-still terrified, still woefully perplexed and helpless He laid down the bow, walked swiftly to her caught her up in his mighty arms and strode Retail «\ne American /).. wholesale Importers Agents BOTICA BO1E MANILA Heavy Chemicals—Fertilizer—Manufacturers We have been selling drugs for 98 years RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOlURNA February, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 5 down the long length the sala to where Bell stood, equally perplexed, equally nonplussed. “Bell,” he said huskily. “Bell, old man, God bless you! No bne shall make the shot! We shall all have á drink! Health, wealth and happiness, Captain!” And he bowed very low, very ceremoniously, with the dignity of the true soldier. The girl was now fairly bewildered, Bell too. They stood before him like guilty children. “Captain?” Bell repeated. “Oh, yes!” Bosworth seemed to remember himself, and laughed aloud, breaking the tension of emotion. “I hadn’t told you, had I? The mail is in from Manila. You’re promoted! And you stay here, taking charge of the province. I’m promoted too, you should address me as major—”he threw his chest out pompously— “and I go to Mindanao. I’m off day after tomorrow for Manila and my new station—day after tomorrow.” His eyes were waggish now. He could laugh over their incomprehension, but there was a ring in his laughter that was not all merriment. After all, he was much their senior; after all, they were only . . . well, kids, you might say, two happy kids. Good it was that he had found out, it was good that he had steeled himself to the test, had accepted the inevitable. He knew, too, that Esther would have gone with him, but he also knew that her young heart would have remained behind with Bell. After all, youth to youth. He began to caper and mimic, cutting a ludicrous figure in the dying moments of the melodrama he had staged so capitally. He sang the old highland ballad, “What can a young lassie do wi’ an auld mon?” And he returned to the serving table and began shaking up some cocktails. “Here you!” he called back to them. “Lend a hand. Cut a lemon, pull a cork. Make Five Tables of Bridge My dear Frances: Next Thursday, three days from now, I’m having five tables of bridge. Three days of agony lie before me. . . . Do I hear your silver laughter across the wide, wide Pacific? Five tables of bridge for you hold no terror. When you decide to give a bridge-party, you go to the Palace or the Grand; and on the day appointed you receive your guests with the cool superiority born of perfect ease of mind. You want to know how we entertain at bridge; if we do such a thing, you said. . . Let me tell you. Remember that we live seven and a half degrees north of the Equator. On Monday morning from the front porch of our gardenhugged home I watch Sebastian, the gardener-houseboy, he of mixed ChineseFilipino ancestry, busily snipping the hibiscus hedge fronting the house. Between him and Mariana, the washwoman and incidentally his lawful wife, I shuttle back and forth. They bear watching, these two helpers of mine. She, entrusted with the task of getting the linens ready for my party, is possessed of the idea that my early education in the art of launder ing was built on mistakes; and, unless carefully yourselves useful! We’re drinking ‘Happy days!’ ” He continued capering round the table. At last they joined him, and the girl managed to get hold of a busy arm and hug it tightly. “You’re a lovable old rogue, Charlie Bos worth,” she gurgled, “a lovable and adorable old rogue. I’d, I’d almost go with you yet!” He left off with the cocktails, bent her slim lithe body low in his arms, kissed her as one would kiss a child—or as one would kiss his mother—shook her, gently and tenderly, and left her free again. Then he sprawled in a huge siesta chair to mix the cocktails, and looked up at them both. It was his renunciation. “You’re not going,” he said decisively. “Your place is with Bell, and the wedding bells ring tomorrow, at the little mission, chapel just the same. But it’s nice to hear you say you would go; and though I don’t ask it and won’t permit it, I know you would.” “But she must make her own choice,” Bell said, looking squarely at her, then at Bosworth. Bosworth shook his head, as if Bell’s hopeless density was too much for him; and he rose dejectedly and began pouring the cocktails. This done, he leaned upon the table and grinned at them through the soft lamp-glow. “She’s made her choice, Bell; I know, she made it days ago.” The girl’s head drooped in mute and guilty corroboration. Bosworth held out their glasses to them. He took up his own, held it out toward theirs; they all clinked together. “Happy days, many of them!” “Happy days!” Bell, though still much in the dark, began to see things more clearly when he heard Bos worth’s words. “She made her choice days ago.” “How did the case go today?” he asked, searching Bosworth’s face. For the moment, Bosworth had almost forgot watched, she will starch my sheerest linen nap kins and press my daintiest doilies on the right side which, for doilies, is admittedly the wrong side. If a linen napkin is not as stiff as a bit of lechon crackling, Mariana considers her time and her labor lost. I have tried to make her see my side of the question. Twelve months have passed in the attempt and Mariana still holds to her own opinion. As to Sebastian, curly-headed, almond-eyed Sebastian, his is the obsession that to be beau tiful, hedges, even carefully tended, eight-yearold hibiscus hedges, need not be rectilinearly perfect and, unless curbed in time, his esthetic sense will permit him to snip and snip into the glorious mass of scarlet and green with a very pronounced freedom of expression and with equally pronounced effects to the hedge. You perceive, Frances dear, don’t you, what anxieties are mine? With Sebastian and Mariana slightly under control, I begin conversations with Francisco, the cook. His menu, for the last four years, has not perceptibly changed. Once in a while, driven to despair, I’ll say, “Francisco, for good ness sake! Do get something else for dinner ten his case. He looked queerly at Bell, seemed puzzled to understand. “Case?” he inquired, “Case?” “Yes, that reported raid.” This had been a part of the plan to get Bell and Esther off to Mariveles together. A great light dawned on Bosworth. “Oh, I recall now. Why, why it . . . went back to its barrio!” It was Bell’s turn to be mystified: a brazen case of robbery-in-band taking legs and walking back to its barrio! “Went back to its barrio?” he repeated, “I don’t understand.” Bosworth winked at the girl. “There’s a lot, Bell, you don’t understand,” he said, “or you wouldn’t have made it so hard for me to throw you two truants together today. That case was a ruse. There isn’t any case, I’m leaving you a cleanuprovince. But between Nibo and me we managed to trump up a kind of case, until we got you started off to Mariveles. The ‘complainants’ have now withdrawn the ‘complaint’. Their carabaos are all back in their corrals.” “Well, I’ll be damned!” Bell ejaculated, ringing Bosworth’s hand. “I’ll de damned!” “No you won’t,” said Bosworth, returning Bell’s hearty grip in a way to assure him that their comradeship was not at an end. “No you won’t be damned. You’ll be married! You’ll be married tomorrow morning, or there’ll be a disappointed Protestante in our midst.” And that is the way it turned out. It was just a little nipa-thatch chapel on the edge of the wild mountains and near the pounding sea, but the missionary’s wife made a capable matron of honor, Esther Duboise a very lovely bride, Bell a very happy but thoroughly confused groom, and Bosworth as handsome a best man as was ever seen in the islands. tonight! Why, we had curried chicken last week!” “Yes! sí, Señora,” he will admit, eagerly nodding. “Sí, Señora, we did. But not yet this week.” He is a Bisayan. I shrug patient shoulders. Francisco has his good points, as have the others. After fifte . years of housekeeping in the tropics, I always look for their good points. Their bad ones are evident enough. At last the conciliabula with cook have netted the following result: pineapple punch, tea, coffee; chicken salad, cucumber sandwiches; coconut cookies, pili nuts, chocolate fudge. “And, Francisco, it will be ready and on the table at 3:45, on Thursday,” I say, looking my severest. He nods, once, twice, in rapid succession. “Sí, Señora, sí! Wednesday afternoon. Si, Señora.” Francisco has his good points, as I said before. He has been with me for the last four years. Do I hear you say, thousands of miles away, that this is indeed a point in his favor? He is clean, he is not always late, his grandmother’s one exit from life has been real, and, last, but indeed not least, Francisco can cook! He is Epicure, Vat el, Brillant-Savarin, Marian Garland, all rolled in one. He lacks variety, true, but SDCDNY The result of over sixty years of refining experience At Service Stations and Dealers’ Stores Standard Oil Company of New York MANILA IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 6 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL February, 1929 so docs the nature around him. Bui his roasts! His pastries! His salads! Still, among his good points you would look in vain for reliability. If I want to have a party next Thursday, three days from now, I alone of my household will be excited. Not the severest look from the angriest of eyes will spur Francisc o out of his case. When I ask if this or that has been attended to, he will smile out of dull-brown eyes and say, “This afternoon, or tomorrow. Mañana, Señora. Plenty time, Señora, plenty time.” I say nothing. Behind his newspaper, husband is heard to chuckle. Early Tuesday morning I go to town to order the groceries. I make the round of the stores. Sugar, flour, evaporated cream, nuts, baking powder, canned goods. The young chínese is very polite. “Shall we send the things right away?” “Right away,” I say. “Right away.” Ex perience has taught me that. The sun is ready to go to bed in the Sulu sea when the packages arrive. I inquire of the messenger the reason for the delay. He looks at me, uncomprehending. “Manager say to bring them right away. I bring them right away.” Francisco begins work on Wednesday with the cookies. I interest Sebastian in the silver. Then, later, “Francisco, be careful with the cookies! Put them in the tin or they’ll be soft by tomorrow.” “Sí, Señora. Sure.” Later in the evening, Francisco, dinner over, has gone home. Sebastian and Mariana, audibly satisfied with life, are at the gramophone in their quarters below. I make my nightly round of house and kitchen. All seems well. Fire in stove banked, faucets closed. All seems well. But look, the cookies! Sweet, dainty things, gems from the hand of an artist, here they are, carefully stacked up in their tin. But where, oh where, is the lid? Where is the protector of their charm, more fragile than the reputation of a woman? It’s somewhere no doubt, but certainly not where it ought to be. The poor tid-bits have already felt the blight of untimely exposure. Gone is their crisp attraction. I shove the tin into the oven and hope the best for the morrow. All night I toss restlessly. Through the mosquito-wire of the sleeping porch the moon pours her sickly radiance. On the floor the bougainvilla plants reflect themselves in fan tastic patterns. I distinctly see teacups, silver spoons, Francisco, the ace of spades! At dawn I rise. The day is come! But where is Sebastian? Still asleep, most un concernedly asleep. And so is Mariana. Call them? Wake them? As well try to wake the dead! By this time, or perhaps a little later, the family, by contagion, have caught my fever. Husband takes his shower and dresses, alleging great press of business, before 6 a. m. Perhaps, he mutters, one could go without breakfast for once. Give the stomach a rest. Will possibly be detained at lunch time. He knows from experience what comfort is his on the day I have five tables of bridge. As to the children, they go their way quietly. With an intuition beyond their age, they feel the heavy pressure of the air. No need to urge them on this morning. They will not be late to school. Showers are taken, ten-year-old even washes his ears. One after another, subdued, they arrive at the breakfast table. But where is breakfast? Francisco has not yet come! Did his grandmother depart this life again, just on this day of all days? My eyes roam down the avenue of swaying coconut trees behind which, in a maze of nipa shacks, nestles his home. Finally, after what seems to me a young eternity, he appears, smiling, debonair, in fresh, clean, stiff clothes and not at all in a hurry. Breakfast over somehow, the family having diverted themselves into their usual channels with unusual celerity. I stand before the chinacloset in the dining-room taking stock. Have I enough spoons? I count teacups, coffeecups, plates, spoons, forks. Yes, I am well supplied. But what’s that, all of a sudden? An odor of burning from the kitchen. Headlong, I rush out. The cookies! I had forgotten all about them. My cookies are burnt to cinders! Francisco, calm as Fate herself, retrieves the tin from the roaring oven. I am speechless with horror and remorse. But not so Francisco. “I make new cookies, Señora,” he says, reaching for the mixing-bowl. No vanilla essence, he finds. I telephone for some. To my amazement, it arrives before noon and new cookies are created. Sebastian has not killed himself with work while I was detained in the kitchen. Chairs, tables, desk, piano are covered with dust. The china-closet, of red narra, fairly screams for a little attention. The Venetian mirror in the sala gives back a dim and foggy reflection. I point to all these imperfections and Sebastian takes up broom and duster with renewed vigor. Mariana, specially commandeered for the day to help with the floors, dances up and down them to the tune of Valencia. At the stroke of twelve, everything automatic ally stops. Sebastian drops the duster onto the FIRESTONE Gum-Dipped Cords stand the test of economy. Gum-dipping, an ex clusive Firestone process which insulates every fiber in the casing with rubber to prevent internal friction, gives insurance against blow outs. The result is greater mileage lower cost per mile of service. “Most Miles Per Peso” Tirestone Call on your Firestone dealer. He will save you money and serve you better ' Pacific Commercial Company Distributors Moro brass I ray; Mariana ceases her devotion? to Terpsichore, forgetting, however, to stoj the phonograph. Francisco removes his aproi and they settle down to their cooked rice anc fishstew, as perfectly at ease as ¿hough ther, were no such thing as bridge. No siesta for me. But one for Francisco, on for Sebastian, one for Mariana. For over a hour, not a sound in the whole house. One more round of house and garden. Afte that I must dress. Francisco is busily engaged watching th. afternoon crowd on their way to market an church. He leans out of the window in an ui mistakably happy frame of mind, but cease ; whistling at once as my voice reaches his ear “Everything ready, Francisco?” “Everything, Señora. Yes.” He nod' dreamily. I take in the punch bowl, ready with its cub<v of pineapple and papaya flecked with scarf • Maraschino cherries, and block of ice meltii., slowly under the onslaught of purple grape IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOIHRNAI February, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 7 juice. The salad, throned in the icebox in solitary grandeur, pickles spread fanwise across parallelograms outlined by asparagus; pilinuts, deliciously oily. All is well, apparently; but where are the*sandwiches? I slam icebox doors, I search frantically in kitchen safes. No sign of sandwiches! “Francisco, Francisco! The sandwiches!’’ He spins around, looks at me, perplexed, hand lost in the wilderness of his cuk*/, black hair. Great Sfcott! He has forgotten all about the sand wiches ! One more rush to the telephone. What will the grocer think of me and my language? I do not care. Renewed, feverish activity in the kitchen. A swearword in time, believe me, saves more than nine. The groceries arrive posthaste. Slices of bread fly from Francisco’s sharp knife. And now it is after three. It is 3:30, soon 3:40. Mariana has not yet bro ght me the pale-blue organdi dress, embroider 1 in faint pink, that I have decided to wear. 7 send Sebastian for it and he does not return—as I might have known. A hurried look through curtained windows. Do I hear a car? Do I see somebody alight from a carromata? No, not yet, not yet, thank goodness! My clock marks 3:50. As this moment Francisco raps at my door. Palupo: A Native Philippine Tea In January last year, before leaving Wash ington for Manila, P. J. Wester of the agriculture bureau called on Dr. Geo. T. Mitchell, the tea expert of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, who brewed and served tea made by him from a Florida-grown Philippine bush called Ehretia microphy 11a, of wide distribution in this Archi pelago. As made by Dr. Mitchell the tea was of fine quality, scarcely distinguishable if at all from genuine tea. It occurred to Wester that this Philippine tea might have a commercial future as a non-stimulating tea, on par with postum and similar non-stimulating beverages, and after his arrival in Manila during a trip through the Mountain Province he procured and mailed tea samples of Ehretia microphy 11a to Dr. Mitchell who writes him under date of June 15th as follows: “I have your letter of May 5 in regard to the samples of leaves of Ehretia microphy 11a, and I have also received the sample. While the. sample has a pleasant taste, it lacks body and also the characteristic tea flavor that it would have had if it had been properly cured. I would suggest that you handle the leaves in the fol lowing manner, doing the work at the time the branches or leaves are gathered. The leaves or branches cannot be gathered and transported any distance if they are to be successfully ma nufactured, as after the leaves are dry they cannot be properly worked. “Green Forest Tea.—The leaves should be harvested by pruning off the small branches, then when these smai branches reach the factory they should be stripi 1 off by hand. I find that all of the leaves on a branch can be stripped off by one movement from the base of the shoot to the apex. The leaves should then be placed in a receptacle containing a copper or bamboo screen with small enough meshes so that the leaves do not fall through. This should be placed over a pan of hot water and the leaves steamed for five or ten minutes. This can also be done by placing the leaves on trays in a large box and turning in live steam from a boiler. “This treatment destroys the oxidizing prop erties or oxidizing enzymes in the leaf and at the same time renders the leaves soft and flaccid. These leaves should then be rolled either by machinery or by hand. The rolling of tea is similar to the kneading of dough. As many leaves as can be held between the two hands should be kneaded back and forth, gently, until they begin to take on a twist, and as the individual leaves begin to twist more pressure should be applied. It takes about 40 to 60 minutes to make a roll by hand. The leaves should then be dried out on trays in a receptacle through which hot air free from smoke and sparks passes until the leaves are thoroughly ^-ied. It is better to dry these leaves at a mperature of 190 to 200°F. The leaves can “Sandwiches arc on table, Señora.'' 1 breathe a sigh of relief. Then I hear Mariana approaching. Her slippers slur, slur; she is in no hurry. Slowly, from the pale blue flutteriness, her brown arms emerge and she retires—slippers slurring once more. I slip into the dress. It is four sharp. In a minute or so the enemy will storm the citadel. The rumbling of a car, my first guest. Another car drives up, and another. I take my point of vantage at the top of the stairs. A glimpse at my dress first. Does it look all right? And I behold, to my infinite delight, that for once Mariana’s sense of beauty and mine have blended in one glorious achievement. The filmy stuff looks like spun glass, the embroidered tendrils and flowers and leaves and butterflies stand out in lovely relief. At the table in the dining room stands Se bastian, in immaculate white, and I know that out in the kitchen Francisco waits, ready to do his best. Brave soldiers at their posts, all of them. So you see, Frances, how I entertain at bridge. But I might as well use the plural pronoun and say, this is how we entertain at bridge in Zam boanga. Yours triumphantly, Anna. then be passed through different size sieves which separates them into different grades. The larger grades can be cut or broken in a milling machine until the product resembles tea. “Instead of using a rolling process, I have found that by passing the steamed leaves through a large meat chopper the leaves will be cut up into small pieces and the pressure exerted by the worm-gear presses the leaves through the small opening in the disc breaking the cells and giving somewhat the same effect as rolling. The leaves are then dried as suggested above. "Semi-Black or Semi-Fermented Forest Tea.—In this case, after the leaves have been stripped from the branches, spread them out in the sun until they become flaccid. Then the leaves should be placed in a large basket or other receptacle in a layer about 6 inches deep, and stirred for about half an hour. At the end of this time the leaves should be either stirred in hot pans or treated with live steam, as in the case of the green Forest tea. This is to destroy the oxidizing enzymes at this point. The leaves should then be rolled and dried and equalized and sorted, as in the case of the green tea. "Black or Fully Fermented Forest Tea.— The leaves should be spread out on clean floors or thatches until they wither and become soft and flaccid. If this is done in the sun it requires only half an hour, if the sun is very hot, or a We Have The Largest and Most Complete Stock of Drygoods in the Philippines If you need silks, linens, cottons, or notions you can serve yourself best by choosing from our large stocks We also carry haberdashery, and make men’s suits and shirts Manuel Pellicer y Co., Inc. 44 Escolta, Manila Phone 2-11*06 longer period of time according to the intensity of the sun. After this withering the leaves should be rolled either by hand or by passing them through a meat chopper. Then they should be spread out in a cool room, either on tables or on the floor, about 2 inches thick and covered with a moist cloth or covered by sup porting moist cloths on a frame work above the tea so as to keep the temperature down. The rolled leaves will take anywhere from an hour to three or four hours to oxidize or ferment. “The proper time to stop this fermentation by drying is reached when the leaves give off a very fruity odor. This point can only be dis cerned by experience and I would suggest that you have several batches, letting some remain longer than others, so as to familiarize yourself with the proper fruity odor. This part of the curing is very important since, if it is over fermented the liquor will be thin and lack char acter, if it is under-fermented the liquor will be too pungent and herbish, whereas if it is properly fermented it will have the proper flavor and body. After fermenting the leaves should be immediately dried, as in the case of other two kinds of Forest tea. “The methods I have given you above arg meant to be used simply for experimental pur poses. If the tea is to be made commercially the rolling would naturally be done by machinery in a regular tea rolling machine and the drying should be done in standard tea drying machines. “If there are any questions you desire to ask about the manufacture of this product from time to time I will be very glad to answer these ques tions for you, and I will also be very much in terested in seeing some of the cured product you turn out. As I told you when you were here in Washington, I believe that since the Filipinos use this Forest tea, it should be commercialized and manufactured into a palatable product lik the sample I showed you here in Washington. In fact, I see no reason why it should not be manufactured on a large scale by machinery for consumption by the natives.” “I have your letter of September 27 in reply to my request for information. I look forward to seeing with interest and profit the pamphlet of the Philippine Sugar Association dealing with the restriction of sugar imports from the Philip pines to this country. “I may say that to me it is inconceivable that the proposed restriction should be adopted by Congress unless and until the United States decides to withdraw completely from the Phil ippines and to treat them as a foreign country. Such action appears to be remote. “Thanking you for your attention to my re quest, I am,” —Thomas Walter Page, (In stitute of Economics, Washington, D. C.) W RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL mz Alvin,ruu/uv ^naiYiDZK ur ^kJivuvmrv^n juurival rebruary, 1929 Fade-Out of a Fine Career By H. F. Hornbostel Extracts of a news item: “Lieutenant Colonel Earl H. E------------, a distinguished officer of the United States marine corps, has been ‘accidental ly killed’ in the Caroline islands. . . . Colonel E------------was on an extended leave of absence, with permission to go outside the continental limits of the United States. . . . The Japanese government has discouraged foreign visits in the Caroline and Marshall islands ever since they came under its control. . . . The American government took the position that a mandate did not confer absolute authority or proprietor ship, but that the holding nation was in the position of a legal guardian. “Colonel E------------ was 43 years old, a bachelor and a native of Kansas. He had been in the marine corps for more than 20 years, coming up from the ranks, and had served a great deal in the orient. He was one of the few men in either the army or navy that spoke Japanese fluently. He had a distinguished war record with the second division and was dec orated with the croix de guerre, the French legion of honor medal, the naval cross, and had been recommended for a D. S. C. for heroism in action with the fourth brigade of marines.” That is enough, though the skillful fabrica tion—of facts alone, reaching however an erro neous conclusion, from too much conjecturing— goes on at some length more. A true interpretation of the headline, “Gov ernment Investigates Death of Marine Corps Officer,” is here recorded by the author, who knew him, and loved him exceedingly. He was a first-class soldier-man who knew the game and played it to the limit. Until the game sickened his soul, and it came to pass. . . . But let us commence with a few of Kipling’s words: “There are no leaders to lead us to battle, And yet without leaders we sally; Each man reporting for duty alone, Out of sight, out of reach of his fellow. There are no bugles to call the battalions, And yet without bugles we rally; From the . ends of the earth to the ends of the earth.” He had passed the stage, “and yet without bugles we rally.” He was lying, half naked, in a miserable native hut on a coral atoll. Only a native boy stood by, watching his fitful breath ing, mingled with incoherent mumblings which the boy could not understand. As the sun rose higher, his delirium heightened. Shortly his speech became quite rational, but there was no one there who understood his language. The native boy felt easier in his mind now; he concluded, in his primitive way, that his master was not sound asleep anymore, but that his soul had returned to his body from its absence during the hours of sleep. Such was the belief of his people. Still he feared to awaken altogether this serious white man, his master, who had come to his atoll in scanty, unkempt attire, but with gold in his pockets. He feared that if he awakened him, the soul would be offended and leave the body for good and all. Then what would become of his job as pack carrier, liquor-procurer and general factotum? If the boy might have understood what this gaunt, dying man was saying, possibly he would have reported it to the local commissioner who represented a government which had established itself on his atoll and all the islands lying to the east and to the west for many hundreds of miles. For his master’s subconscious brain was trans mitting to his voice the disconnected story of his life. None stood by to hear and understand, none to shed a tear or throttle down a comrade’s grief. But what a story the silent uncomprehend ing Caroline islander heard! The man told of his childhood on the farm— back home; of his apple and cherry trees; of fishing for catfish in the Great Bend, rolling its way through the Kansas prairies quite near his boyhood home; of trapping in the winter; of sleigh rides; of girls he had loved in his boyhood; of school and college; of military service in Cuba, the Philippines, China. Now he was marching through tropical jungle, damp with the dampness of many rains. Now he was in a skirmish line out in the cogon, a pitiless sun overhead and the ground parched with drouth. Now on the deck of a cruiser rushing to the relief of many white men, women and children cut off from the world and in peril of death in a walled city entirely surrounded by Boxers ready to slaughter and to torture all the foreign devils whom they thought the cause of their troubles. Now he was speaking of camps in peace times; of his professional joys and tribulations; of women, single and married; of hands he had held in poker; of scotch highballs and wild carouses; of technical problems; of maneuvers and gear and equipment and what not. At length his delirium brought him back again to the Great war. Here his ravings were ex ceedingly bitter. For here, on the bloody limestone fields of France, in lousy trenches, his men covered with mud and vermin, he was unable to go forward without explicit orders Atlantic Gulf and Pacific Co. OF MANILA ENGINEERS MANUFACTURERS CONTRACTORS 71-77 Muelle de la Lidustria MANILA, P. I. from some mysterious authority far back of the danger zone. Here, amid artillery, barrages, gas attacks, hand grenades, air raids, tanks, liquid fire and sniping, the romance of his calling left him; he returned home to America condemning his profession in his inmost heart. His whole dream of the romance of the service shattered, vaguely he sought for something that would bring it back again. The war had left much to be desired in the goodwill shown each' other by the allied nations who had crushed the common enemy at a staggering cost in lives, money and culture. So they closely watched each other. “Ah!” thought this man, now passing from life. “Here is romance, something new under the sun once more. I will hie me away and do service far from all reminders of things ‘over there’. Think of the color and romance shown in history; the clear clever thinking, the intrigue and plotting necessary to succeed in this phase of the game!” His ego aroused once more, he had stepped forward. But in reality it was stepping back ward, for it seemed he had been a good fellow. He was a man who loved his fellowmen and could IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNA) February, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 9 not grow used to their absence. He was sent to far-off islands, isles of glistening white coral sand and palm trees. Here he found nothing to report, nothing in the least dramatic. He lost interest in the game, for he had no men for his chessboard. Gruesome memories of France, and disillu sion, returned tQ his brain like the bat to his cave in the morning. He drank more and more, to escape from reality, but found it impossible. £o, with suffering from old shrapnel wounds, 'and gas, he drank as no man should in those islands. Now he lay dying, remote—so hopelessly remote!—from home, his brothers in arms, his Touring Islands by Lighthouse Tender By Gertrude Binder On board the cutter Polillo, April 26,1928.— The Polillo is a government boat which is used for coast guard service in the Philippines. On this trip its crew is inspecting and carrying sup plies to lighthouses on the islands of the central part of the archipelago. It is a small craft, rocking and pitching on the slightest pretext, in order, no doubt, to give its passengers the illusion of being far out at sea. It can carry eight passengers; on this voyage it has half that number, all women. We sailed from Manila last night at midnight. The steward accommodatingly arranged cots for1 us on the scanty deck space at the stern. After having been in use for four hours, the cots were spirited away while their ex-occupants admired the sunrise. Finding ourselves at anchor, we climbed into the captain’s launch and went ashore for a swim. Besides the lighthouse, thé island off which we swam showed no signs of habitation. The water was crystal clear and full of stinging jellyfish. The bottom was covered with beautiful and viciously sharp coral. In the midst of these deceptive allurements we amused ourselves until breakfast time, when we returned to the Polillo, wheie we have spent the rest of the day nursing our lacerated feet. Lighthouse Is Mansion. April 27.—Today we did not make a stop until the sun was very high. We saw the light house from a distance. It was a mansion with a tower above for displaying the light. The beach at the foot of the hill on which the impos ing edifice stood proved marvelously smooth and the water delightfully clear. We swam gaily about for a while, then sat down in a little cave to examine the coral and shells on the ground. The coral was easy enough to capture, its occupants having been long dead, but when ever any one started to pick up what she believed to be the deserted habitation of a snail, it would move briskly away. Soon the cave was filled with mysteriously perambulating shells; and we poor tenderfoots, feeling no certainty about the attitude of hermit crabs toward barelegged girls, took our departure before they could mass their forces for an attack. April 28.—This morning we were awakened at dawn by the captain in person who pointed out that we had come to a lighthouse situated on the top of a high hill and reached by a flight of steep stone stairs which we had plenty of time to climb before breakfast. Accordingly, we donned our bathing suits and went ashore. The hill on which the lighthouse stands is heavily wooded. A cottage, just beside the light, houses the keeper and his family, who, in the intervals of light tending, raise a few chickens, catch a few fish and wait for the visits of such boats as the Polilla to bring them other commodities and news of the outer world. Having fulfilled ou’~ ***cial obligations by cal ling on the lighthouse ,r, we braved coral and jellyfish by swimming off the coast. When we again boarded the ship, the sailors announced, with evident relish in imparting the information, that they had seen sharks very near to us as we swam. Dock to Take on Coal. April 29.—Very early this morning we docked at Liguan to take on coal. Liguan is less a town than a mining settlement. It consists of a loved ones. He had sought high adventure to forget his disillusionment, only to plunge deeper into the mire of greater despair. Thus passed a good soldier, a soldier with a conscience, who could fight for the right with a heart beating freely. But the War of Nations. What a climax to wither the world after years of advance ment in the arts and peace and culture! He passed away with the setting of the sun behind the palm-fringed surface of the vast Pacific. The booming surf took up the rhythm of his heart beat. He has gone to his last camp—a camp where he has found the forgetfulness he sought, Nirvana. smattering of houses along the waterfront and, at about twenty minutes’ walk into the interior, a small, mucky coal mine. Miners turned coolies while the fuel, already piled on the wharf, was being loaded on the Polillo. They worked in pairs. Two men would seize shovels, fill a large basket, slip a carrying pole under its handle, raise the carrying pole to their shoulders and disappear at a trot into the depths of the ship, returning in a very few minutes to begin the op eration anew. Like a Toy Vessel. April 30.—All through the hot part of the day we lay in a bay before a rugged, green island with a tall lighthouse on its topmost point. About 5 o ’clock we went ashore. A flight of winding stairs, dug out of the earth, led up the side of the hill to the cottage of the light keeper. Care fully cultivated pine apple plants grew on either side of the path. A vegetable garden flourished at the side of the neat little house. Beyond, a path shad ed by banana trees led still higher to the lighthouse itself. From a vantage point halfway up a ladder to the light I could look eastward and west ward far out to the sea. To the east, sea and sky blended in a soft, gradually deep ening gray. Along the reefs and at the base of the rocky coast breakers shone out, white and lacy. In the western sky the sunset glowed and was reflected on the smooth water. The Polillo stood like a toy ship, motionless and tiny. A host of bancas moved about in circles, like water beetles, rippling the surface of the bay. As we descended the hill, moonlight began to throw the shadow of the palms on the sand. A group of natives stood silhou etted against an open fire on the beach. We passed them, sprang into the water and swam long in its caressing coolness. May 1.—While we were anchored off Great Northern Electrifies Cascade Route Electric locomotives go into ser vice on 85 miles of main line be tween Wenatchee and Skykomish, hauling' whole trains over mountain summit. Steam power will be dis continued altogether on this divi sion upon completion of the new Cascade tunnel, 8 miles in length, shortly after the first of the year. The new tunnel lowers the summit elevation more than 500 feet, elim inates curvature equivalent to six complete circles and shortens the distance 8 miles. Canimo at dinner time, some sailors, Letters received announce the completion of this tunnel and the inaufishing over the rail juration of the new service.—Ed. of the lower deck, captured a baby shark. The poor little creature, barely ten inches long, was toothless and harmless as a day-old kitten; yet he inspired a whole series of tales of dismembered swimmers, nautical disasters and shipwrecked persons devoured by hungry sea monsters. The captain reminded us of the many ships lost in these waters, crowded with tiny islands and hidden reefs, when, during the time of the Span iards, they were practically uncharted. Inevit ably, talk turned to a ship lost less than a year ago, with captain, cargo and nearly a hundred passengers, in the very seas through which we are now sailing. “I was only thirty-four miles away when she went down,” said the captain. “But she had no radio. I did not know. A few hours later we passed near the place. Perhaps some of the victims were afloat there then, but it was quite dark. We saw nothing. “No, it was no typhoon, not even a storm, just an ordinary heavy sea in which she sank. Overloaded and top-heavy. Exactly the same size as the Polillo, she had perhaps a hundred and eighty persons on board, passengers and crew. Her lower deck was jammed with cargo. “It was just before the beginning of the school year. Many of the passengers were young folks, students bound for Manila. Two boys, the captain’s children, were in his cabin. “They had left Romblon that day, headed northward. For a few hours, until she reached the pass between the islands of Banton and Sinara, the steamer was in sheltered water. Ahead of that she would catch the waves from the open sea to the South. (Please turn to page 12) IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL inn \jr juuiuv/iL reoruary, iyzy THE NINE Paul A. Meyer George H. Fair child retired from the directorate of the Chamber of Commer ce upon the expiration of his term, and at the annual meeting the last Friday in Jan uary J. C. Rockwell of the Manila Electric Company was elected for one year to com plete the unexpired term of Fred A. Leas, deceased, while Ken neth B. Day, H. M. Cavender, and Alf Welhaven were elected directors for threeyear terms. Mr. Fairchild’s service on the directorate had been long and excellent; he is a leading figure in the sugar industry, now under unjust fire in Washington, and his duties as secretary treasurer of the sugar association, as man aging director of the Hawaiian - Philippine company with its very large central at Silay, and as manager of his own firm, Welch, Fairchild, Ltd., absorb his attention. He continues his monthly reviews of the sugar industry in the Journal; they are always first rate and carefully prepared critiques of the current situation in that very important industry. Mr. Rockwell of the Manila Electric company is the responsible head of what is believed to be the largest single American investment in the islands, which is constantly growing larger. The company enjoys the street-car, light and power franchise in Manila, where it is living up to its obligations in every way, and it is now acquiring electric light and power properties in the provinces and extending to provincial towns and capitals the excellence of its service. Its auto-bus lines in Manila and Manila’s vicinity supplement its street-car service most advantageously; when you can catch a bus in front of science bureau and ride downtown to Goiti plaza for six centavos, three cents gold, things are not bad in the transportation line. Mr. Day is managing the Philippine Refining Co., Inc., and is therefore spokesman .on the directorate of the copra and coconut oil indus tries. The company has large crushing plants in Manila and Cébu. Mr. Cavender, re elected to succeed him self, is the general agent in the Philippines of the Robert Dollar company, the importance of which in this territory is fa miliar knowledge to all. At present the company is building a fleet of ships for the interisland ,trade, a service likely to be inaugurated this year, J. C. Rockwell H. M. Cavender K. B. Day Mr. Welhaven is manager of the Insular Lum ber company, which operates at Fabrica, Occiden tal Negros, on its valuable timber concession, the largest hardwood sawmill in the world. The company’s offices are in Manila. This is also a large American industrial investment in the islands and one of the earliest. No American here will forget the brilliant New Yorker who made the Insular Lumber a great enterprise, J. Sloat Fassett. Mr. Welhaven was associated with him for many years. When the directors met Monday, January 28, and organized the board, former Vice Pres ident Paul A. Meyer was chosen president and Director H. M. Cavender vice president. Judge John W. Haussermann was again elected a vice president; as one of the executives of the Benguet Consolidated Mining company he repre sents very wealthy interests in the field of gold mining and hydroelectric power. The story of Benguet Consolidated is one of the gripping romances of modern industrialism: written at length by H. F. Wilkins, it appears fully illustrated in the current anniversary edition of the Manila Daily Bulletin. Director B. A. Green was reelected treasurer of the Chamber of Com merce, a post to which he has long given devoted and efficient attention. Recapitulating, the directors are: Paul A. Meyer, president; H. M. Cavender, vice-president; John W. Haussermann, vice president; B. A. Green, treasurer; H. L. Heath, W. L. Applegate, J. C. Rockwell, Kenneth B. Day and Alf Welhaven. Alternate directors elected at the annual meeting for terms of one year are: J. L. Headington, A. B. Cresap, Frank W. Butler and Wm. H. Rennolds. President Meyer has already announced his committees. John R. Wilson was reelected secretary of the Chamber of Commerce at the directors’ organization meeting; all selections of officers were by unanimous vote. Mr. Wilson enters upon his fourth year as secretary this year; his duties were peculiarly onerous last year, after the untimel death of President Robert E. Murphy. A word about President Meyer, one of the most unassuming of men, but always aggressive in behalf of the welfare of the Philippines. He came to the islands from San Francisco in 1901 and associated himself with the import-export firm of Kuenzle and Streiff, of which he has been the president since 1912. He is likewise president of the Alhambra Cigar and Cigarette company and La Flor de Intal, and a member of the Philip pine Government Tobacco board. He is a director and the treasurer of the Tondo Development company; he is also a director of the Philippine Trust company and has a considerable interest in the Basilan Lumber company. He is a charter active member of the Chamber of Commerce and has been a director for moie than six years, during all that time givir~ the affairs of the organization his conscientious attention. Prior to th; he was for many years a director and vice president of the Manila Me chants association. A mere statement of his interests shows him to be or of the islands’ leading business men. More than this, he finds great plea ure in the society of his fellowmen; socially he is a capital manandeasil at home in any good company. He is a polyglot, with a fluent knowledg of half a dozen languages. His home in Santa Mesa Heights is largi sumptuous and inviting. His recent extended visit in the United States brings him abreast c what is contemplated there concerning the islands. During his stay i America he made an extensive study of the Philippine tobacco and ciga situation in his capacity as a member of the tobacco board. We understan, that he has brought back with him some very constructive ideas to elevat the standard of our tobacco products and place them at last on a soun< footing in the American market. LUMBERING ALONG One branch of trade which has been thriving well with the Unitec States is lumber. In the calendar year just closed the islands exportec. 86 million board feet of hardwood lurrtber, the customs declarations total ling P6,258,819. Of this, the United States bought nearly 42 million feet Japan nearly twenty, China just over welve, the United Kingdom nearly seven, Australia nearly four and Hongkong just over one. The islands manufactured 450 million board feet of hardwood lumber, and domestic consumption was therefore 364 million. In view of both local and over seas demands, there’s an assured future for this industry. Fourteen countries are our lumber customers. February, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 11 CREDIT BALANCES We feel that this month we are discussing the gravest question which has ever engaged our attention, trade relations with the United States. The law saj^ free trade is not our right (as it would be were we an organized territory!). Is it, then, morally our privilege? It is said that the sugar - duty bloc obtained its propaganda from a page of our 1918 census which said that twice the present number of sugar mills could function here, that we could grow as much sugar as Cuba, etc., etc. As to that, we stand with La Vanguardia. There are many errors in the census; this may be one of degree, but it can’t be more than that. Production of Philippine sugar is not rapidly increasing nor will it increase rapidly, but so many millions of acres here are suitable for its production that the potentialities cannot be denied and ought not to be concealed. The sugar association, indeed, is pursuing a policy of candor and will gain by doing so. But if we sell every ton, now and henceforth, to the United States, we will take our pay in her manufactures and give employment to her ships. Say that this year we sell her 600,000 tons. At 5,000 tons per cargo, here are cargoes for 120 ships. This is a tangible cred c balance. If she could but be induced to make a ledger account of al_ her transactions with us and all ours with her, talk about keeping our products out of her markets would be silenced. Does she get half our heifi^p? If so, it fills with home ward cargoes seventeen ships a year. Coconut oil and copra fill more than thirty. In a trade that has attained such proportions, perhaps after all there cannot be an about-face. While there is trade, there’s hope. Let us feel assured that this trade will have powerful defenders. SOME NEIGHBORS OF OURS Nine of our neighbors in Manila are being collectively talked about in the press a good deal these days collectively because they are the members of the supreme court and it might be injudicious to single them out. But even this has been done in one instance, one paper has invited a justice to resign. And now another imparts the somewhat startling news that the public has lost confidence in the court. Well, in the first place, the expression is somewhat emotional; and in the second place, if high courts were changed every time the public wavered in its confidence they would not be high courts nor hold the place they actually do hold under American constitutional forms. The American Constitution was written, and the several States forced to adopt it, by a littlerí id of squarejawed conservatives who had but slight use for the public and even less for its opinion. The public had put the nation on the rocks, and these conservatives were saving the nation and the public from the latter’s own follies. They therefore set the supreme court apart from the mob power of the public (this for its good), gave the justices life tenure and made it mighty hard to impeach them. By the time John Marshall got through construing the Constitution, the court was safe; and therefore the public was secure in its hands. Our high court is similarly organized, set apart and made aloof from the public. A year or so ago it handed down some important decisions which were very disappointing to us (that is, to the editor personally). The manner of conducting the 1926 bar examinations was equally disap pointing, and the question is now sub judice. We find it much easier to differ with the court than to forfeit confidence in it, and we surmise this is the general experience of the public. That questions are being pretty closely examined seems manifest enough in the frequency of divisions in the court, many cases come down with majority opinions supplemented by quite as determined dissents. If venality or ineptitude were rife in the court, the only reasonable causes we think of for want of confidence, there would surely be more consistent agreement. So, analysis disperses the implication. It was provoked by the court’s oral examination of an applicant for the bar who had barely failed in the written test. The ap plicant was admitted. Two justices dissented; it would seem quite easy to send this case to Washington. Is anyone interested? Four Best Manila Newspapers January Editorials DIVERSIFICATION Diversification is being preached in the Philip pines on several counts. Diversification of farming. Diversification of eating. Diversifi cation of investing. The experiences of the sugar industry preach diversification. The experiences of the people in the storm area to the south preach diversifi cation. Most of the practical experiences of industry generally, of the people everywhere, preach diversification. In an age of specializa tion we are in the midst of arguments for diver sification. Dependence upon one crop, or a closely limited number of crops, is dangerous. The point is proved in Cuba, where specialization in sugar cane culture has resulted in such an overproduc tion that the world markets are flooded. Hence the difficult situation which affects the Philip pines and threatens even worse injury. The same application fits in the Philippines in lesser degree. Diversified farming in the Philippines has made extremely little progress. Farmers usually know but one crop, frequently failing even to provide the garden products for the family table. Therefore when conditions of the market are adverse for the one crop, or when storms or other forces stop or materially reduce production of the single crop immediate adversity follows. Reasonable diversification would relieve the situation. Toa material degree diversification is difficult in the Philippines. That is especially true in the case of coconuts, although there is absolutely nothing to prevent more gardening and more spare-time attention to minor crops. The same might be said of sugar cane and rice to a considerable ektent due to the long growing period in one case arrangement of the fields in the other, again there is nothing to prevent the growing of minor crops for the family table and sale at the markets. That is diversification from the individual point of view. But the diversification most needed should come through the encouragement -of products now neglected, such, for instance, as coffee, tea, camphor, rubber, pineapples, and so on. Many products for which the markets exist can be grown here and should be, must be if Philippine commerce is to have permanent health. That is diversification from the national point of view. A move is afoot now to encourage a corn diet, to supplement the rice diet, to substitute for it to a degree. The move is excellent. Variation in foods is needed as a matter of proper feeding and also as a matter of producing a food supply. In the matter of investments diversification is peculiarly needed as a force in industrialization. Relatively little progress has been made in teaching the lesson of investment. Economic development will come closer home to the people when the opportunities for investment begin to be understood, when the people begin putting savings, large and small, into stocks and bonds and begin to earn incomes from them, when the partnership between big business and small money owners begins to be worked out.—Bul letin, January 5. EDITORIAL SELECTIONS FOR JANUARY Bulletin, Jan. 5.—Diversification. Se lected by Professor V. M. Hilario. Herald, Jan. 24.—Irrespective of Re ligion. Selected by Professor Verne Dyson. Tiibune, Jan. 22.—The Johnson Bill. Selected by Professor C. V. Jamias. Times, Jan. 16.—American Capital. Selected by Mr. Jesus Valenzuela. —Certified: G. P. Shannon. Selection of the best editorials each month in the four Manila newspapers published in English is made by an in formal committee in the English depart ment of the University of the Philip pines under the supervision of Dr. G. P. Shannon.—Ed. IRRESPECTIVE OF RELIGION The non-Christian population of the Philip pines would have their voice heard in the Le gislature. A petition to this effect has been forwarded to Senate President Quezon so that he may intercede for them. Such a movement is a sign of progress. The fact that the non-Christians would not cheerfully accept a situation in the making of which their voice has not been heard shows a growing con sciousness of their rights. And such rights cannot long be overlooked. The Moro delegation composed of ranking datus, and other Moro notables will request a Moro representative for Lanao. They claim there are among them men capable to discharge the duties of a legislator, and it seems strange that their district should be represented by a man who is a total stranger in Lanao. In our opinion, all other positions in the government besides the Legislature should be open to non-Christians. In the non-Christian provinces, natives should be given equal chance to enter the government service. We should pride in having the non-Christians taking interest in the government. And our leaders should encourage their desire to participate in the administration of their affairs. There is one general policy of administrationin these Islands which guides the workings of all local governments. Even if all the non Christian provinces were to be in the .hands of non-Christians, we do not see how such autonomy would affect the essentials of the policy of the Philippine government. So long as there is a decent respect for the law and the non-Christian officials discharge their duties in consonance with established customs and within the limita tions imposed by social usages and by the law, we believe that a government run by non Christians would be as efficient as any Christian province. Religion does not decide the capacity of individuals to hold a government position. The only enlightened policy that can be countenanced by the government in connection with the non-Christian population is to grant them an ever increasing measure of autonomy by giving them more and more active participa tion in the government. The difference in religion between Christians and Pagans in this country is a mere incident, which should have no bearing upon their political life. Religion has no quarrel with country. We are all striving here for oneness. And one way to attain it is the granting of equal op portunities to all in the public service and out of it, irrespective of religious creeds.—Herald, January 24. THE JOHNSON BILL The Johnson bill denying to the Filipinos the right to become citizens of the United States, is simply the culmination of a tendency long apparent. Some American courts have denied to the Filipinos the right to marry American girls. Other courts have denied them the right to acquire land in the United States. Still other courts have ruled that they are not entitled to what the Johnson bill declares they are not entitled, namely, the privilege to become natural ized citizens of the United States. The proposed measure would even withhold from the Filipinos who have served honorably in the American (Please turn lo paye 22) 12 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL February, 1929 TOURING ISLANDS BY LIGHTHOUSE TENDER (Concluded from, page 9) “It was 4 o’clock in the afternoon, dark a squall blowing up. I do not know why—maybe he knew his ship couldn’t face the rough weather with such a heavy load—anyway, the captain gave the order for the vessel to he turned back. Then he left the bridge. One of his boys was crying in the cabin. “The ship was turning sharply. She leaned far over before a wave, righted herself, was caught by a second wave and overturned. In less than three minutes she disappeared. “ ‘Se salva quien puede,’ were the captain’s last words. He and his two boys went down with the ship. “Fifty hours later, seventy men on overloaded life rafts drifted ashore near an isolated village on the head of Bondoc peninsula, thirty-five miles away. The rest were never heard of. It is believed they were eaten by sharks. “Of course, there is a law to prevent the over loading of ships. But the steamship company says the captain alone was responsible. Its agents were not on hand to interfere. The captain does not defend himself. He is dead.” May 2.—This evening we were on Tailon, the kind of an island on which people in romances are marooned. Its lighthouse is automatic and, except for the semiannual visits of government boats, tends itself. The tower is made almost inaccessible by the surrounding vegetation. It, and the traces of a fisherman’s campfire, were the only visible reminders of the existence of man kind. One end of the little oval of land is a rocky promontory; the center is a patch of scrub by green trees and ground vines; all the rest is wide, smooth, white beach. A little way back from the water line the sand appears to be alive and shifting. Shell animals of every dreamed of shape, size and color tumble over each other and move to and fro with a nimbleness that belies the tradition of the snail’s slowness. They seemed even more reluctant to encounter us than we them, so we courageously remained on their island until the daylight was gone. May 3.—This morning we attained the northern most point of our voyage, Polillo, on the island of Polillo, for which our ship was named. It is a poor but pretty little hamlet which does a not-very-flourishing business in copra. All of its two or three hundred inhabitants were ranged on the shore to witness our landing as we were rowed in from the cutter. While under the guidance of the captain, the four of us wandered about the streets, the Polillans followed at a diffident but interested distance. When, how ever, two of our party plunged into the water for a swim, all of Polillo was transfixed with amazement and unhospitably allowed its three remaining guests to continue their sightseeing entirely unattended. After twenty uneventful minutes a burst of laughter drew attention from the swimmers to the beach. There came a “water nymph” flitting oceanward in perfect musical comedy style. Draped in an inverted brown sack and crowned by a battered and drooping felt hat, the sylph skipped lightly to the water’s edge, flung herself (or was it himself ?) down in a shallow spot and performed a most remark able, expiring fish “take off” on the crawl stroke. Inspect Coal Mine. May 4.—We stopped at Liguan for another load of coal this afternoon. While there we were shown through the little mine by one of its owners who came to the ship to greet us. We left Liguan at 6:30, and an hour later were in Legaspi, the scene of our memorable descent to the Verac. When we were here before the captain charitably delayed our departure in order to give the crew an opportunity to dance in the town’s cabarets, of which, in spite of the smallness of the place, there are two. At dinner this evening, having learned that we should not sail until morning, we determined to conduct a personal investigation of night life in a tropical seaport. Accordingly, we braved the now some what diminished horrors of landing and arrived on the scene of gaiety just a few minutes ahead of our shipmates, officers and men. May 6.—Late yesterday morning the Polillo was rising and falling rhythmically on an even swell that caused her passengers to remark to one another that once more they were in the open Pacific. Toward the middle of the after noon the waves began to grow larger and rougher. Clouds dimmed the glare of the sun. My com panions lay on their cots on the deck* groaning in the agonies of seasickness. Suddenly, with a sharp, hissing sound, fine rain swept down upon us splashing the deck, crinkling the surface of the water and wiping out the line between sea and sky. By this time the Polillo was turning first her port side then her starboard heavenward. She seemed to stand upright on her stern, pause a moment, then plunge over the summit of a wave and bury her bow in the water beyond. The ship’s three officers stood on the bridge, peering anxiously through binoculars into the obscurity ahead. The rain stopped; the sun set, leaving a dull, angry glow behind him; a round, full moon struggled through the storm clouds and shone in a fantastic, writhing path of pale gold across the turbulency beneath. Grad ually the tossing of the ship grew less violent, the waves became smaller and smaller until at last we seemed to stand on the surface of a mirror. Splash! Down went the anchor. May 8.—For three days we lay at anchor in San Ramon bay, watching the drifting clouds, gray sea and pounding surf. Every book on board was put to use and even the ship’s crew took to swimming for amusement. Finally, this morning, the barometer rose, and we set sail on a still restless ocean. May 9.—Today, the last day of our cruise, we were given an opportunity to examine a light placed by the Spaniards in 1890. We reached it by climbing a narrow, winding stairway to the top of a stone tower. Kerosene furnishes the fuel. The light itself is inclosed in concentric arcs of glass, two inches wide. The diameter of the outer circle formed by the arcs is 4 feet. On one side the circle is divided in half. The whole revolves slowly, throwing out to sea at regular in tervals one long red flash and two short white ones. After a final swim in the surf, we again board ed the Polillo under a sky completely flooded with brilliant sunset colors, as though a grand finale had been deliberately arranged to mark the end of our two we/ ^s adventuring. New Shipments of Albums Tablets Blank Books Numbering Machines Time Books Paper Plates Memo Books Pins Clips Stamp Pads and Rubber Paper Fasteners Stamp Ink Thumb Tacks Liquid and Rubber Erassers Waterman’s Inks Acco Fasteners and Folders Carters Inks and Paste Photo Engravers Glue Diamond Inks and Paste Mucilage Signet Inks and Paste Hydraulic Fountain Moisteners Higgins Inks Boston Pencil Sharpeners Envelopes Desk Glasses Papeteries Special Waterman’s Fountain Inkstands Pens Penpoints Work Organizers and Distri Pen Trays butors Ticonderoga Pencils Rulers Colored Pencils Philippine Education Co., Inc. 101-103 Escolta Manila, P. I. 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IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 14 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL February, 1929 A Hundred Years From Now”: La Vanguardia Editorial According to a telegram of the Associated Press, the Chinese have celebrated with great rejoicing in their principal cities the conquest they have just achieved in the advent of tariff autonomy in their country, after having been deprived of the right for nearly eighty years by virtue of the Nanking treaty imposed by England. The Chinese have striven valiantly for restoration of this right, they have reason to rejoice in a triumph that marks a new era in their national life. With autonomy in tariff matters, their political independence is more standing in i alf of free trade and the open door, and reduce the dimensions of the artificial walls of protective tariffs—knowing positively that under a rég ne of free trade the chances of their triumphing in commercial competition are about 80 in 100 in their favor because of the low cost of their manufactures. Our statesmen must concentrate all the force of their imagin ation and arm themselve^ with a penetrating vision to read beyond the immediate future and make therr ¡elves masters of the very difficult role that t i Philippines must play in this great VICTOR CLARK COMING I “Your letter of September 8 finds me here, instead of packing my trunk for San Francisco and the Far West and East. I have been called here to make an economic survey of the Island, and shall be busy with the job until the end of the winter or later. Porto Rico is an old stamp ing ground of mine, as I was here in the days of the military government nearly 30 years ago. The changes are very remarkable and gratifying t IN MANILA’S CHINATOWN Left to right: Native Chinese boys, Chinese cart-driver, Chinese boy making store deliveries, grandfather treats the children, a cargador waits for a delivery job. Manila’s Chinese population is estimated at 50,000. Everything from hoofing treadmills to international banking engages their energies. real and effective, domestic condition will be come more stable, and the ties of union among the different provinces will be better reinforced, if China succeeds in purifying her administrative organization and ridding it of venality. The great enemy of China is her bureaucracy, which is woefully corrupt. Qhina, because of her magnitude, the great a tent of her territory, and the way in which she is progressing in modern industrialism, may well become in time the United States of Asia. This possibility does not want probability. China is nearer North America than she is to Europe; her ideas of government have more affinity with those predominating in the United States than with those of the old world. Japan, another Asiatic nation, is entering, or has now fully entered, upon the highway of modern industrial ism, in many instances her merchant princes are taking example from the United States. The great danger, the tremendous economic rivalry of the future, will come when these Asiatic countries which are rapidly adopting the modes of the Occident, familiarizing themselves with the secrets of its technique, are converted into centers of enormous factory production with their great supplies of relatively cheap labor, and seek outlets for their products in the markets of the world. We Filipinos can gain an idea of the industrial advancement in these countries by noticing the manufactures they are exhibiting in their modest pavilions at the carnival. China manufactures liquors, electrical utensils, aluminum wares, cloths, the finest of luxuries, printing presses, shoes, etc., and the Japanese, barbed wire, zinc sheeting, galvanized iron, screens, chemical products, surgical instruments and an infinite variety of other things, consumption of which, in view of necessities created by the progress of civilization, is inevitable. These countries, once they are industrially strong, will necessarily pursue the same course pursued by Europe and the United States. They will fervently speak of peace, and construct powerful squadrons, and deploy well-equipped troops, in the event it becomes necessary to enforce their demands and claims upon the world with such incontestable force. These two countries will unite eventually for economic reasons, and come to a formal under rivalry which is destined to ensue when China, under tariff autonomy, reaches the same level of development that Japan has now reached after having obtained the same privilege from the western powers. A hundred years hence, to vary a little the title of a celebrated article by Rizal, which came to be a prophecy, what may not occur in Asia in this region called the Pacific? If we Filipinos were free, we should learn by experience the dangers in store. The above is a translation in full of Pedro Aunario’s leader in La Vanguardia of February 4. He is an observ ant and tolerant man; in translations from time to time, neither agreeing or disagreeing with him, unless editorial comment is made, the Journal may try to furnish its readers some of his outstanding editorials.—ED. Philippine Trust Company COMMERCIAL AND SAVING^ BANK Offers every Banking and Trust cofivenience# Genuinely conservative Banking is our aim, and we emphasize the Business-Building Service we extend to our Depositors. Frequently we are able to put our customers in possession of facts that bring them profit or save them loss. ^¥2% Per Annum on Savings Accounts Interest on Fixed Deposits upon Request We would be glad to meet you personally and talk over your banking requirements. Wje s¥rve as; Financial Agents Executors Administrators Depository for Securities Rendering a specialized service in the management and settlement of estates, etc. Trustees Guardians Registrars Transfe' Agents Recei’ -Z8 Attorneys-in-fact in spite of the distress caused in some sections by the recent hurricane. “At dinner at Catalina Palace (Government House) the other night I met Doctor and Mrs. McKinley who have just arrived from Manila and who know you. They both spoke very pleasantly of the acquaintance. Doctor McKinley takes charge of the School of Tropical Medicine here. “My trip to the Philippines has merely been deferred, so far as I can stretch my eyes into the future just now. I want to get out to the trans pacific countries as soon as possible. “It seems good to me to be back in the tropics”. —Victor S. Clark, (Formerly the Editor of The Living Age). m. T. Nolting, Pres. Monte de Piedad Building Plaza Goiti—M^fiila O. Box LBO Tel. 2< 12/55 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER O ZTURNAL February, 1929 THE AFRICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL More Franciscan Last month we left off with the- Franciscans at Camalig, to begin with them again this month at Polangui. The Franciscan records show that this town was founded either in 1583 or 1584, by Fr. Baltasar de Magdalena, “the same who was in Camarines in 1583.” The first site was unsuitable, and the town wa removed to a hillside, “but it was evidently it /ed again, because now it is found in a beautiful valley.” Stone bridges on the roads connecting the town with Oás and Libón are the work of Fr. José Arnau, 1832. Fr. Alonso de San Juan built the church of brick and stone in 1654, having secured the permission of the central govern ment in Manila (as was required in such matters) to do so. Fr. Juan Bautista Marsá completed the church in 1664. Two earlier structures, of timber, had burned down. A church all of stone has replaced the one built by Arnáu and Marsá. Good timber abounds and when Huerta wrote in 1865 the town had 230 houses of timber “and about 1,000 of nipa,” the palm universally used in the islands for peasants’ houses. But at the same period the casa real, or govern ment house, in Polangui was a stone building. There was a good limestone quarry, rich pas tures surrounding the town, and valuable forests. San Pedro Apostól is the patron saint. Oás.—“Twelve principales from various rancherías, baptized the same day by the Rev erend Father Fr. Baltasar de los Reyes y Miranda, or de la Magdalena, were the foundation stones of this town. They must have been baptized in 1585 or not later than 1587, as Father Bal tasar arrived in the islands in 1583. The next year we find him establishing Polangui, and a baptism by Fr. Geronimo de Aguilar appears in the parish registry of Oás under date of Sep tember 13, 1587. Father Geronimo displayed such zeal in the conversion of the people that between September 13, 1587, and October 8, 1588, he baptized 451 persons between the ages of infancy and 19 years.” The church is under the advocacy of the archangel St. Michael and dates from 1586. In 1695 Fr. Francisco de la Anunciación built a stone church; this burned down and a new one was built in 1816 by Fr. Francisco Argoneses which was repaired and improved by Fr. Manuel Brihuega in 1848. Here too timber is abundant, so that Huerta found 200 wooden houses in the town. It is a rich farming region. Cagsaua.—“The first person in this town who had the blessed fortune of being reborn in the waters of holy baptism was a boy twelve years old who was given the name of Pedro Tabao, his father being Calipig Tabao and his mother Nolmog (both Malayan names). This child was baptized March 26, 1587, and it is probable it was by the hand of the sainted *¿lE&ryr San Pedro Bautista (later a Franciscan martyr in Japan and known as the apostle of the Province of St. Gregory the Great, as the Fran ciscans designate the Philippines), because he was given the name of Pedro, though no docu ment exists by which this may be verified.” Fr. Domingo Santiago organized the town in 1595 and administered it as a barrio of Ca malig until 1605, when it acquired the status of a pueblo’and parish under Fr. Alonso de Jadraque. “The Dutch assaulted and burned the town in 1636, advancing up the Albay river and attacking on July 25, the very day when the town was joyously celebrating a fiesta in honor of its patron saint, St. James the Apostle (San tiago). The church was burned by the Dutch, and in 1675 Fr. Acacio de la Concepción built one of stone, which was torn down and rebuilt with a convento in 1724 by Fr. Francisco Blanco. In 1851 Fr. Vicente Lillo extended the elevation of the tower and provided the tile roof. Father Huerta speaks of the mountains, Oag, Ca malig and Lignion, between Cagsaua and Albay, being planted to Manila hemp in great part with some fields of rice on terraced ground.” Here is a curiosity: “Among the various springs of remarkable water abounding along the border, is worthy of mention particularly one which flows from the base of the volcano (Mayon) at the site of Budiao, a town destroyed by an eruption. This spring throws out a stream about a cubic foot in dimension, which is bad-tasting when fresh but potable after it has evaporated for a while. Of a morning, until about 9 o’clock, the water comes out very hot and throwing off a great deal of steam; but as the atmospheri c temperature increases, that of the spring water falls; by Below is a summary of the govern mental and other public duties performed by parish priests in the Philippines during Spanish times, as reported to the Taft commission by the provincial of the Francis cans, the order whose missions are being noted in the current series of articles: Certify the correctness of the cedulas (the poll tax). President of the statistics board. President of the municipal cen sus. Every man has a character certificate. Arrested in another town than his own, his antecedents were called for; but the courts would not accept them without the priest's visé. Certify the ability of men to serve in the military. From the parish books would be made up each year a list of young men 20 years old; the names were placed in an urn and then drawn out, every fifth man being chosen, so it was called the quintas. Supervise municipal elections. Censor municipal budgets. President of the local prison board and inspector of prison rations. In the provincial capital, member of the provincial board; there were also two curates on this board. Public works and allied matters came before this board. Member of the board for parti tioning crown lands. After the land was allotted, when a parcel came up for sale the board passed upon the ownership and right to sell. In some instances parish priests in provincial capitals acted as au ditors. (Many of the duties were assigned to the priests by the Maura municipal act). Counselor of the municipal coun cil. Supervisor of the election of the police force. This also had to be submitted to the provincial gover nor. Examiner of pupils in grades I and II of the public schools. Censor of plays in the language of the parish, deciding whether they were against public peace or public morals. These plays weregiven in connection with parish fiestas. “Besides the above, there were other small things which devolved upon the priests." It may be added that there was no provincial press, but that in Manila was censored by ecclesias tical authority. Sampongan, Mabao and Hocoman, named reigning in Babasi, which was ;e a village of the town. These chief:er discord concerning who should be ir*r€ command, and a Spanish captain *n in pacifying them under the leai*)tK Pagquilatan, who submitted to th/5 of Spain soon afterward together we 1 ' rancherías.” The conversion of th\1( began in 1606 and the first baptism tot August 24, 1608, under the hand of I of Polangui. Ligao was first attache^' langui, later to Oás, and was m°de parish in 1665, with Fr. Pedro the parish priest. The first pay Esteban. A wooden church wó but Fr. Francisco Vicente built one stone in 1676 and dedicated it tol ñora la Virgen. This church wasJ another of like materials in 1709 fonso San Buenaventura, which ch ably the one still in service, since : 1865. Fr. Manuel Royo built t facade in 1812, and Fr. Tomás . repaired the whole structure in 1846 These old formalists, how sturdily what a simple recipe they had for lif people gladly accepted. But nothi abiding in this world than change, the age of commerce and science t which supplanted the age of faith present age—an age in which men a xious to believe than merely to knc into all secrets, even those of the inr friars themselves at last lived not sacrifice life and die in faith; the heroisi pioneers became a revered memory, ai to be a banner set on high. Guinobatan.—“The name Guinob nifies conquered, deriving from the veri which means to conquer." Separ^it Camalig in 1688, with Fr. A' the first parish priest. The c on the right bank of the river (o but was obliterated in the eri noon the spring water comes out cool and con tinues flowing cool until midnight. The water was analyzed about the year 1850 by an English man by the name of Henry Roberts, who said it was useful in curing rheumatism and cuta neous diseases; and instances of such cures have really been observed. The analysis made by this pharmacist is as follows: sodium chlorate, 0.579; sulphate of lime, 0.403; carbonate of lime, 0.314; hydrogen sulphate, 0.283; water, 998.421; total, 1,000.” The medicinal springs found widely scattered in the Philippines, and abundantly in the Bikol region being described, will be, some of them, famous resorts when the islands have a larger population and better transportation and hotel facilities. Ligao.—“The name of this town derives from a tree thus called which formerly abounded in in 1814 and the new town wa.u of called Mauraro. Not satisfied herr' moved the town to Panganiran, aij to the original site where the erupj and many others have disturbed the induced them to abandon their an<< The Bridge of Isabel II over the B<c in this jurisdiction. It has two widf is 1,500 feet long and 54 feet wide. ¿ of the largest bridges the Spaniards instead of the expense falling upon government, as it would now, it.feanlv by the towns of Oás, Ligand Camalig; the work was begpec completion was blessed, witlarac ceremonies, August 7, 1853. s of The stone church is und< uni' N. S. de la Asunción. It mibe Jew ly built one, say within thJolatry Huerta does not give the daental d Bulabulad are the Bikol n^d as tl of this town. The latte>eity apj. Waters; the former, Pool their va. Waterfall. It would be profjf truth a¿ to list all the place names e fathers, school those of its particu.mprudent the correct spelling and mostics. Ac! Out of this philological datepugnant able, should come a great (reason, tl native character and appr^erable b< beauty. The terms seem ch they their meaning is made kn<c of the M seen to be nicely chosen. Pilar.— Made up or/M March') Niño, Putiao, Sapa,” Palatoan by order in 1861. Most of selves: Sapa, ere Inang, mother; The town wa' have a perm house, and built. O1 will be ’ del P for Spa esf February, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL solicited for their own practice. The ruin of the temple, of the city, and of the public religion of the Jews, was severely felt by the Nazarenes; as in their manners, though not in their faith, they maintained so intimate a éonnection with their impious countrymen, whose misfortunes were attributed by the Pagans to the contempt, and more justly ascribed by the Christians to the wrath, of the Supreme Deity. The Nazarenes retired from the ruins of Jerusalem to the little town of Pella beyond the Jordan, where that ancient church languished above sixty years in solitude and obscurity. They still enjoyed the comfort of making frequent and devout visits to the Holy City, and the hope of being one day restored to those seats whic\ both nature and religion taught them to love is well as to revere. Put at length, under the i ign of Hadrian, the ‘operate fanaticism of the Jews filled up the •. asure of their calamities; and the Romans, .sperated by their repeated rebellions, exer ci id the rights of victory ^ith unusual rigor. 1 ~.e emperor founded, under the name of iElia Cnpitolina, a new city on Mount Sion, to which • gave the privileges of a colony; and denounc ing the severest penalties against any of the Jewish people who should dare to approach its precincts, he fixed a vigilant garrison of a Roman cohort to enforce the execution of his orders. The Nazarenes had only one way left to escape the common proscription, and the force of truth was on this occasion assisted by the influence of temporal advantages. They elected Marcus for their bishop, a prelate of the race of the Gentiles, and most probably a native either of Italy or of some of the Latin provinces. At his persuasion the most considerable part of the congregation renounced the Mosaic law, in the practice of which they had persevered above a century. By this sacrifice of their habits and prejudices they purchased a free admission into the colony of Hadrian, and more firmly cemented their union with the Catholic church. When the name and honors of the church of Jerusalem had been restored to Mount Sion, the crimes of heresy and schism were imputed to the obscure remnant of the Nazarenes which refused to accompany their Latin bishop. They still preserved their former habitation of Pella, spread themselves into the villages adjacent to Damascus, and formed an inconsiderable church in the c.ty of Bzroea, or, as it is now called, of Aleppo, in Syria. The name of Nazarenes was deemed too honorable for those Christian Jews, and they soon received, from the supposed pov erty of their understanding, as well as of their condition, the contemptuous epithet of Ebion ites. In a few years after the return of the church of Jerusalem, it became a matter of doubt and controversy, whether a man who sincerely acknowledged Jesus as the Messiah, but who still continued to observe the law of Moses, could possibly hope for salvation. The humane temper of Justin Martyr inclined him to answer this question in the affirmative; and though he ex pressed himself with the most guarded diffidence, he ventured to determine in favor of such an imperfect Christian, if he were content to pracI S I 8 INFORMATION FOR INVESTORS Expert, conñdential reports made on Philippine projects ENGINEERING, MINING, AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, LUMBER, ETC. Hydroelectric projects OTHER COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES BRYAN, LANDON CO. Cebu, P. I. Cable address: "YPIL,” Cebu. tise the Mosaic ceremonies, without pretending to assert their general use or necessity. But when Justin was pressed to declare the sentiment of the church, he confessed that there were very many among the orthodox Christians, who not only excluded their Judaizing brethren from the hope of salvation, but who declined any inter course with them in the common offices of friend ship, hospitality, and social life. The more rigorous opinion prevailed, as it was natural to expect, over the milder; and an eternal bar of separation was fixed between the disciples of Moses and those of Christ. The unfortunate Ebionites, rejected from one religion as apos tates, and from the other as heretics, found them selves compelled to assume a more decided char acter; and although some traces of that obsolete sect may be discovered as late as the fourth century, they insensibly melted away, either in the church or in the synagogue. While the orthodox church preserved a just medium between excessive veneration and im Franciscan Church, Intramuros proper contempt for the law of Moses, the various heretics deviated into equal but opposite extremes of error and extravagance. From the acknowledged truth of the Jewish religion, the Ebionites had concluded that it could never be abolished. From its supposed imperfections, the Gnostics as hastily inferred that it never was instituted by the wisdom of the Deity. There are some objections against the authority of Moses and the prophets which too readily pre sent themselves to the sceptical mind; though they can only be derived from our ignorance of remote antiquity, and from our incapacity to form an adequate judgment of the divine eco nomy. These objections were eagerly embraced and as petulantly urged by the vain science of the Gnostics. As those heretics were, for the most part, averse to the pleasures of sense, they morosely arraigned the polygamy of the pa triarchs, the gallantries of David, and the serag lio of Solomon. The conquest of the land of Canaan, and the extirpation of the unsuspecting natives, they were at a loss how to reconcile with the common notions of humanity and justice. But when they recollected the sanguinary list of murders, of executions, and of massacres, which stain almost every page of the Jewish annals, they acknowledged that the barbarians of Pales tine had exercised as much compassion towards their idolatrous enemies, as they had ever shown to their friends or countrymen. Passing from the sectaries of the law to the law itself, they asserted that it was impossible that a religion which consisted only of bloody sacrifices and trifling ceremonies, and whose rewards as well as punishments were all of a carnal and temporal nature, could inspire the love r virtue, or re strain the impetuosity of passim ^he Mosaic o: c< 99 HY Cot H 99. ACCT Diss Acetyl all pu WEL Fully ped Ox tylene ing SI BATTE Prest-O Electric age Ba Philippine Acetylene 281 CALLE CRISTOBAL, PA( MANILA, P. I. account of the creation and fall of treated with profane derision by who would not listen with patience^ of the Deity after six days* labor, Adam, the garden of Eden, the trese of knowledge, the speaking serpent, fruit, and the condemnation pronounce human kind for the venial offence of progenitors. The God of Israel was represented by the Gnostics as a bein passion and to error, capricious in implacable in his resentment, meanlv his superstitious worship, and partial providence to a single pec transitory life. In such a charac discover none of the features of omnipotent Father of the uni' allowed that the religion of the Jeu what less criminal than the idolatry tiles; but it was their fundamental d the Christ whom they adored as tl brightest emanation of the Deity apj. * earth to rescue mankind from their va. and to reveal a new system jf truth aj tion. The most learned of tae fathers, singular condescension, have imprudent ted the sophistry of the Gnostics. Ac! ing that the literal sense is repugnant principle of faith as well as reason, tl themselves secure and invulnerable b< ample veil of allegory, which they spread over every tender part of the M pensation. {Continued in March') UNIVERSAL BATTER P26.50 One Year Guarantee CARO ELECTRICAL SERV 110 P. Faura Tel. 5 V RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JO OURNAL February, 1929 te Roman Catholic Church made in the Philippines, in the 16th and 17th centuries, its single ;ial conquest in the Far East. Here it remains the church of the people. It is so much, indeed, ied in the spiritual and economic life of the islands that reflection upon them, such as is in ,s in this magazine, properly goes back to include a treatise on its origins. During the next ?nths, therefore, such a treatise will be published in convenient installments. It is that of n, a.n author selected for his erudition, impartiality, and enlightened piety: in whom the Chui ch ither a friend nor an enemy, but in whom the reader has a mentor unsurpassed. The subject 3 of intense interest and the most instructive importance.—ED. Jewish religion was admirably fitted for te, but it was never designed for conquest; 'eerns probable that the number of pros as never much superior to that of '’'he divine promises were originally distinguishing rite of circumcision to a single family. When the Abraham had multiplied like the sea, the Deity, from whose mouth d a system of laws and ceremonies, iself the? proper and as it were the of Israel; and with the most jealous *d his favorite people from the rest The conquest of the land of Caanan anied with so many wonderful and jiy bloody circumstances, that the ews were left in a state of irreconcilty with all their neighbors. They jmmanded to extirpate some of the rniw tribes, and the execution of the had seldom been retarded by the f humanity. With the other nations forbidden to contract any marriages es; and the prohibition of receiving the congregation, which in some cases :ual, almost always extended to the -ie seventh, or even to the tenth genera te obligation of preaching to the Genaith of Moses had never been inculcated rept of the law, nor were the Jews in impose it on themselves as a voluntary ■ Admission of new citizens that unsocial ced by the selfish vanity of the tan by the generous policy of scendants of Abraham were opinion that they alone were the enant, and they were apprehenishing the value of their inheritance too easily with the strangers of the irger acquaintance with mankind eir knowledge without correcting de .s; and whenever the God of *ed any new votaries, he was much ed to the inconstant humor of polyto the active zeal of his own inisThe religion of Moses seems to be or a particular country as well as for and if a strict obedience had "'rder, that every male, three should present hiipself before t would have been impossible ever have spread themselves limits of the promised land, indeed removed by the de.rle of Jerusalem; but the most >f the Jewish religion was uction; and the Pagans, who at the strange report of an Te at a loss to discover what , or what could be the in ship which was destitute of s, of priests and of sacrifices, fallen state, the Jews, still y and exclusive privileges, rf courting, the society of till insisted with inflexible s of the law which it was in ise. Their peculiar distincand a variety of trivial ’•vanees, were so many rersion for the other prejudices they were painful and even vas alone capable ’•om the door of ^tianity offer^he strength he weight ' truth “fully tern; and whatever was now revealed to mankind con cerning the nature and designs of the Supreme Being was fitted to increase their reverence for that mysterious doctrine. The divine authority of Moses and the prophets was admitted, and even established, as the firmest basis of Chris tianity. From the beginning of the world, an uninterrupted series of predictions had an nounced and prepared the long-expected coming of the Messiah, who, in compliance with the gross apprehensions of the Jews, had been more fre quently represented under the character of a King and Conqueror, than under that of a Pro phet, a Martyr, and the Son of God. By his expiatory sacrifice the imperfect sacrifices of the temple were at once consummated and abolish ed. The ceremonial law, which consisted only of types and figures was succeeded by a pure and spiritual worship equally adapted to all climates, as well as to every condition of mankind; and to the initiation of blood was substituted a more harmless initiation of water. The promise of divine favor, instead of being partially confined to the posterity of Abraham, was universally Santa Cruz Church proposed to the freeman and the slave, to the Greek and to the barbarian, to the Jew and to the Gentile. Every privilege that could raise the proselyte from earth to heaven, that could exalt his devotion, secure his happiness, or even gratify that secret pride which, under the sem blance of devotion, insinuates itself into the human heart, was still reserved for the members of the Christian church; but at the same time all mankind was permitted, and even solicited, to accept the glorious distinction, which was not only proffered as a favor, but imposed as an obligation. It became the most sacred duty of a new convert to diffuse among his friends and relations the inestimable blessing which he had received, and to warn them against a refusal that would be severely punished as a criminal dis obedience to the will of a benevolent but allpowerful Deity. The enfranchisement of the church from the bonds of the synagogue was a work, however, of some time and of some difficulty. The Jewish converts, who acknowledged Jesus in the char acter of the Messiah foretold by their ancient oracles, respected him as a prophetic teacher of virtue and religion; but they obstinately adhered to the ceremonies of their ancestors, and were desirous of imposing them on the Gentiles, who continually augmented the number of believers. These Judaizing Christians seem to have argued with some degree of plausibility from the divine origin of the Mosaic law, and from the immutable perfections of its great Author. They affirmed, that, if the Being who is the same through all eternity had designed to abolish those sacred rites which had served to distinguish his chosen The Philippine Guaranty Company, Incorporated (Accepted by all the Bureaus of the Insular Government) Executes bonds of all kinds for Customs, Immigration and Internal Revenue. DOCUMENTS SURETYSHIPS For Executors, Administrators, Receivers, Guardians, etc. We also write Fire and Marine Insurance Low rates iberal conditions ocal investments oans on real estate repayable by monthly or quarterly instal ments at low interest Call or write for particulars Room 403, Filipinas Bldg. P. O. Box 128 Manila, P. I. people, the repeal of them would have beer less clear and solemn than their first promv<• tion; that, instead of those frequent decl tions which either suppose or assert the pe > : tuity of the Mosaic religion, it would have I •' represented as a provisionary scheme intende last only to the coming of the Messiah, vshould instruct inankind in a more perfect m r.p of faith and of worship; that the Messiah h; self, and his disciples who conversed with 1. x on earth, instead of authorizing by their exami the most minute observances of the Mosaic If - would have published to the world the abolit i of those useless and obsolete ceremonies, withe ; suffering Christianity to remain during so ma • years obscurely confounded among the se< s of the Jewish church. Arguments like the appear to have been used in the defence of t. expiring cause of the Mosaic law; but the indu try of our learned divines has abundantly ei plained the ambiguous language of the Ola Testament, and the ambiguous conduct of the apostolic teachers. It was proper gradually tc unfold the system of the gospel, and to pro nounce, with the utmost caution and tenderness, a sentence of condemnation so repugnant to the inclination and prejudices of the believing Jews. The history of the church of Jer -Jem affc.'dr a lively proof of the nece^.cy of those precau tions, and of the deep impression which the Jewish religion had made on the minds of its sectaries. The first fifteen bishops of Jerusalem were all circumcised Jews; and the congregation over which they presided united the law of Moses with the doctrine of Christ. It was natural that the primitive tradition of a church which was founded only forty days after the death of Christ, and was governed almost as many years under the immediate inspection of his apostle, should be received as the standard of orthodoxy. The distant churchés very frequently appealed to the authority of their venerable Parent, and relieved her distresses by a liberal contribution of alms. But when numerous and opulent societies were established in the great cities of the empire, in Antioch, Alexandria, Ephesus, Corinth, and Rome, the rc\ rence which Jerusalem had in spired to all ne Christian colonies insensibly diminished. The Jewish converts, or, as they were afterwards called, the Nazarenes, who had laid the foundations of the church, soon found themselves overwhelmed by the increasing mul titudes, that from all the various religions of polytheism enlisted under the banner of Christ; and the Gentiles, who, with the approbation of their peculiar apostle, had rejected the intoler able weight of the Mosaic ceremonies, at length refused to'their more scrupulous brethren the same toleration which at first they had humbly ENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL February, 1929 He That Saveth His Life Je Romar jal conqu much arresting and comforting ied in th an article on tuberculosis in the ,s in this cury of last year that the dis?nths, thion is reprinted herewith. The n, p.n autJaurice Fishberg of New York, is a •ither a frecialist and the author of a stand3 of intenn the disease.—Ed. Jewish HI te, but itumbers, only one out of ten people 'eems p>erculosis, despite the fact that all 'as ntae have also been infected with T’li. This is surely enough to show n alone is insufficient to cause disease, appears that actual tuberculous di exception rather than the rule after íe average person passes through life íy, despite the tubercle bacilli within vVe know very little about the reasons,, become sick while most escape, but v that these infections are salutary to ijority of humanity. For it has been , just as in measles, typhoid, scarlet many other infectious diseases, an uberculosis immunizes against another the same virus. Most attempts made n immunologists at the prevention of st are based on this immunological íe practically universal tuberculization ed humanity has certain protective e> clearly seen in peoples who have not hnefit of infection during childhood. In 1 Africa tuberculosis is very rare at -ind it was unknown until introduced by yavelers and settlers. Likewise, the a were free till recent years because of •c< of contact with civilized people and f bacilli. But when these tubercle-free e brought to Europe or America they • < infected, and the disease usually runs very acute and, in the majority of 1 course. During the World War the ops brought from the interior of Asia •.glish had an enormous rate of infection h from tuberculosis. The same may i when some youth or girl brought up ltry, secluded from contact with the rge, reaches the city; in such persons is apt to be very acute, the so-called sumption. But it is different with o have been raised in tuberculized in the large industrial cities. The though undoubtedly infected, escape e altogether, while those who become tuberculosis suffer from a more or less Insular Life Assurance Co., Ltd. MANILA, P. I. 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Telephone 2-36-74 but one of many eminent authorities, Louis Cobbett, of Cambridge, England, who thus ex presses himself in his book, “The Causes of Tuberculosis”: At the same time it would appear that great care must be taken lest things be made worse instead of better; for if this immunization by means of small doses of widely distributed bacilli is playing any important part in increas ing the resistance of the present generation, it is just possible that by checking the distribu tion of the bacilli, as for example by discourag ing indiscriminate spitting, or by abolishing bovine tuberculosis from dairy cattle, we may actually be undermining the resistance of the race, and paving the way for a future increase in the severity of the disease. How much protection is offered by these early infections is shown by several very interesting phenomena. The most intimate contact of individuals is in the marital state and hence, if the crusaders are right, this should prove a frequent source of transmission of the disease. However, we only rarely find tuberculosis in both husband and wife. Some years ago I made an investigation of this problem among a certain group of tuberculous people who lived in poverty in some of the most congested tenements in New York City. Most of the consumptives investi gated shared their beds with their consorts. Yet in less than three per cent was tuberculous disease found in both husband and wife—which was less than the average expectation. Widows whose husbands have succumbed to tuberculosis only rarely develop the disease. It is also note worthy that only rarely do we meet both husband and wife taking treatment for tuberculosis in a sanatorium. It is, of course, different in the cities where public health nurses pester wives of tuberculous husbands to attend clinics for “obser vation,” or as suspects—' which they may remain for years. The vast majority of cases of tubercu losis in both husband and wife prove on investiga tion to have been present before the union was contracted. The immunity of the consorts of tuberculous patients is probably due to infection with tubercle bacilli during childhood, which we have seen to be universal. This interpretation is the only rational explanation we have for such phenom ena as the rarity of tuberculous disease in doctors, nurses and others on the hospital staffs of institutions harboring tuberculous patients. Experience shows that they are no more liable to develop the disease than persons engaged in other callings and less exposed to infection. And it is not only a fact now, with precautions taken against infection, but it was observed long ago, when tuberculosis was not treated as an infec tious disease. Why do most of those infected with tubercle bacilli get along very well for the rest of their lives while a comparatively few develop a dis abling or fatal form of the disease? Th$ day we find the reasons for this fact we may be on the way to eradicating tuberculosis. Physicians nowadays speak a great deal about predisposi tion, meaning that, owmg to some constitutional anomaly, the body of a predisposed person succumbs in its struggle with the bacillus, while ¡PONDING TO ADVER FNTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL February, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 19 those free from this anomaly survive despite the bacilli. But we know little, I may say hardly anything, about what structural or functional anomalies thus predispose to tuberculous disease. Indeed, we are so hazy about predisposition that no physician, even of the highest competence, after examining a healthy person most thoroughly and applying all available diagnostic tests, can tell whether he or she will develop tuberculosis later on. The suspects kept under observation and in suspense in clinics and sanatoriums for weeks, months or years are either not organically sick at all, have other maladies, or are already actively tuberculous. At one time it was thought that slim persons with flat chests, long necks, large bright eyes and feeble musculature were predisposed to tuberculosis. It was also believed, contrariwise, that strong, muscular, well-nourished individuals were safe against the bacillus. Careful observa tion has shown all this to be erroneous in most cases. When a bony, emaciated, narrow-chested man develops tuberculosis his chances of recovery are good as a rule, because the progress of the disease in such men is slow, and strong tendencies to recovery are manifest. The reverse is true of strong men, the professional boxers, runners and football players. When they become sick with tuberculosis, and this happens more often than is appreciated, they are often carried off very quickly. Physicians of the past generation made a similar error with persons who had what was called inherited tuberculous predisposition. They were told to beware of consumption, for they were thought to be more apt to acquire it than others, and to fare very badly when they got it. But the fact is that, barring infants, when a person of tuberculous ancestry becomes sick with the disease, his chances of recovery are better than those of a man in whose family a case of tuberculosis has never occurred. These are not the only fallacies hammered into the populace by those who persistently, dis tribute piffle in the form of leaflets and booklets, and even elaborate books, on the prevention of tuberculosis as if they knew how to do it. No one will question the adage that cleanliness is next to godliness in all human affairs, but in itself it has hardly anything to do with tubercu lous disease. Excepting in freshly expectorated sputum, tubercle bacilli virulent enough to infect an animal have hardly ever been found in the streets or in the dust of shops, factories, mills, or public places. Likewise, the fresh air fiends who insist that lack of sunshine is a direct cause of consumption may be amazed when told that coal-miners, who only rarely see the light of day, are not often afflicted with tuberculosis. Another class of workers in the dark are the employes of the subways. Very few develop tuberculosis. The vivid descriptions of the “lung blocks” in New York City some twenty years ago did not take into consideration that these dingy ten ements were inhabited mainly by tenants who could not pay the rents exacted in better houses —often, no doubt, because the disease had already disabled and impoverished them. As bearing upon the greatest boast of those engaged in the anti-tuberculosis crusade, the reduction in mortality from this disease, I quote the words of one who is an acknowledged author ity in both biology and statistics—none less than Dr. Raymond Pearl, head of the Institute for Biological Research at the John Hopkins, who said in an address before the American Public Health Association in 1922: Some persons are apt to get very angry if one questions in the most objective and scien tific spirit what are the causes of the decline in the tuberculosis death-rate. They take the ground, apparently, that because their efforts to reduce this mortality were sincere and honest and in the highest degree noble, therefore the decline has been in actual fact caused by these efforts, and that to question them is to impugn both their motives and their efficiency. As a matter of scientific fact, ex tremely little is known about why the mor tality from tuberculosis has declined. In such infections as smallpox and typhoid f.v. ' lity clearly folio wed ■ he m. 1 ••etiou . Preventative measv'?*■.* has not been the vt. ,. of the tubercle bacillus in 1882, no preventative measures against infection had been taken; still, it appears that the mortality from the disease had been declining for many years. Dr. Arthur Ransome has shown that the mortality rates increase steadily as we go backward for more than 150 years: In the years 1743-53 there were fairly accur ate transcripts from the parish registers; the proportion of deaths was rather more than one fifth; in the first returns of the Register General in 1838, in London, it was one to six TIRES First in 1888—foremost ever since or eight. In other words, the rate per thou sand deaths in the former period was about 200, and in the latter about 148. Hence in the mid^e of the Eighteenth Century tubér culo . must have been still more common than in 1838; and then the diminution in the mor tality from the disease must have been pro ceeding steadily, at about the same rate as observed in the earlier years. A little reasoning will show that this could not have gone on indefinitely, for if it had, every Englishman five hundred years ago must have died of tuberculosis. Karl Pearson, the highest authority on biometrics in England, concludes that the mortality rate from tuberculosis has been declining since 1838, i. e., long before any special measures had been taken for the con trol of the disease, or the segregation of the sources of infection—tuberculous human beings and animals—had been attempted. Most other authorities in England, where the decline can be measured for many years back with some degree of certainty, are iii agreement with these views. In a recent report to his government, John Brownlee, who ranks high both as a physician and as a statistician and is director of the Statistical Department of the Medical Research Council, arrives at the con clusion that there is no doubt that a considerable part of the decline of tuberculosis in recent yéars is in line with the biological properties of disease in general, and has little to do with hygienic conditions. The crusade has plainly not worked effectively in every place where it has been applied. For instance, the mortality in 1924 in Syracuse, N. Y., was 34.4 per 100,000, whereas in neighbor ing Albany it was 99.9, about three times as high. In Trenton, N. J., it was 73.2, in Camden 66.5; in Cincinnati, O., 106.9, in Toledo 95.6, and in Youngstown only 56.7. There must be some reason for these differences, either in the method of collecting statistics, in the racial or age-group composition of the population, in the occupations predominantly pursued, in local climatic conditions, or in numerous other factors about which we know little or nothing. But one thing is clear; the campaign against infection, which is all the crusaders can claim to have pursued, has been futile. An examination of the population born since the inauguration of the campaign shows that all past childhood have nevertheless been infected with tubercle bacilli. IV It may’be amazing to those who have been fed up with the stuff distributed by anti-tuber culosis societies and health boards, but it is a fact that there is no unequivocal case on record show ing that the exposure to infection of a civiliz^’ adult in a modern city has been followed b.. tuberculous disease. Evidence is available, indeed, that tuberculosis cannot be experimental ly induced in humans as easily as it is inoculat ed into guinea pigs and rabbits. Injection of tubercle bacilli into human beings has been tried several times by experimenters and hardly any serious harm has been observed to follow. Of late several European physicians have tried virulent tubercle bacilli as a cure for tuberculosis in human beings. They have inoculated several thousand bacilli under the skin of patients and even injected them into veins, but no tuberculous blood-poisoning was observed to follow. These facts are in marked contrast to the ease with which infants become sick after exposure, and it is clear that the fear of infection with tubercle bacilli is without foundation as regards adults. If they are to become tuberculous, the causes are not alone the tubercle bacilli, which everyone has in his or her body, but other factors about which we know little or nothing. Much has been written about cases of tuber culosis that have followed soon after slight or intimate contact, as those in Germany some thirty years ago, in which it was believed that sisters in a certain convent succumbed one after another after moving into certain jooms in the cloister in which tuberculous nuns had lived be fore. There have also been cited husbands who succumbed to the disease after marrying tuber culous wives, and workmen who became sick soon after contact in the workshop with cough ing consumptives. But none of these cases will bear close scrutiny. In that of the convent I have mentioned, an investigation showed that the morbidity was high in the institution mainly because tuberculous nuns were sent there in larger numbers than to others; it was also found that the mortality was not actually much above that among the general run of women of the same age and social condition. The few cases \ < ; \ G H? ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 20 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL February, 1929 of conjugal tuberculosis that have been noted in popular and technical literature are analogous to the many cases of cancer and diabetes in both husband and wife which are encountered. Indeed, a careful study of material gathered in England by investigators eminently fit to judge statistics has shown that the chances of tuber culosis occurring in both consorts are about the same as the chances of insanity occurring, and a German authority has found that cancer in both consorts is more apt to occur than tubercu losis. Metchnikoff’s personal experience is very interesting. He wrote: At the age of twenty-three I married a young lady of the same age who was attacked by grave pulmonary tuberculosis. Her con dition of feebleness was such that it was neces sary to carry her in a chair in order to mount the few steps which led to the church where our marriage was to be celebrated. . . . My wife died of tuberculosis after four years of suffering. I passed the greater part of that time by her side in the greatest intimacy with out taking any precautions against the con tagion; nevertheless, in spite of these condi tions, which were especially favorable for catching the disease, I have remained free from tuberculosis, and that during forty-four years since my marriage. But totally disregarding the paucity of exact knowledge of the modes of tuberculous infection, and the differences between tuberculous infec tion and actual tuberculous disease, the crusa ders have been broadcasting misinformation which has proved very disagreeable and at times un bearable to the unfortunate consumptive, and no less so to those who were merely suspects or not at all sick with the disease. We meet with cases in which after a visit from the public health nurse, who talks authoritatively and incul cates misinformation about the dangers of infec tion, a tuberculous patient, who may have been cured of his disease, loses his job or is turned out of his lodging. Parents insist that their sick son or daughter must submit to banishment to an institution. A patient is abandoned by the husband or wife, or is shunned by everyone as a bearer of pestilence. Fifteen years ago, EdGoing to Washington for State Secretaryship His Excellency HENRY LEWIS STIMSON ward R. Baldwin, one of the highest authorities on tuberculosis in this country, wrote: Adults are very little endangered by close contact with open tuberculosis, and not at all by ordinary association. ... It is time for a reaction against the extreme ideas of infection now prevailing. There has been too much Join The Happy Throng who have learned to keep in the pink of condition by avoiding those heavy meals which leaves one drowsy and listless, but instead eat sparingly and drink plenti fully of rich, nourishing “BEAR” NATURAL MILK BRAND Milk is the perfect food and “Bear” Brand is the perfect milk — because it is the SAFEST for tropical use! Appointed governor general of the Philip pines December 7, 1927, and inaugurated in Manila March 1, 1928. having taken the oath of office in Washington in December, Governor General Henry Lewis Stimson said Wednesday, February 6, that at the request of President elect Herbert Hoover he was leaving Manila this month to take up a new duty which he preferred Mr. Hoover should announce the nature of. The newspapers divined that it is the position of secretary of state. Governor Stimson leaves Manila for Wash ington with the general good will of the islands behind him, and says he will continue to labor in the islands’ behalf. He has made occasion to reprove the doctrine (which some have been preaching here) that economic progress may enslave the islands: illustrating from his tory he has shown that commerce thrives in an atmosphere of freedom. At least im mediately Governor Stimson is succeeded in office by Vice Go vernor Eugene A. Gil more, as acting gover nor. MR. GILMORE read into the popular literature by health boards and in lectures that has no sound basis in fact and it needs to be dropped out or revised. But the crusaders have not yet revised their views or their method of attacking the problem. Luzon Stevedoring Co., Inc. Lightering, Marine Contractors Towboats, Launches, Waterboats Shipbuilders and Provisions SIMMIE & GRILK Phone 2-16-61 Port Area IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL February, 1929 nHE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNALT THE RICE INDUSTRY By Percy A. Hill of Nueva Ecija, Director,'Dice Producers’ Association Prices for both palay and rice have a trend upward, due as we have pointed out to limited supply. Offerings for palay at the terminals range from P3.60 to P4.00 according to grade with rice at from P8.30 to P9.40. Due to scar city in other provinces this year, quite a num ber of native buyers are offering market prices less transportation to for the better grades of terminals, especially palay. Saigon prices for export rice are firm with a tendency to rise, being on the December plane at present, which approximates P8.75 delivered in Manila. (Cock Brand. = Saigon II) of last year’s crop. A large shipment of this is being sold relatively cheaper, due to its condi tion, being quoted at P8.30 ex-bodega. The new crop is moving rapidly to market due in part to a larger number of threshing units being used this year, so that by March we can expect that the bulk of the crop will have been delivered at terminals for either sale or storage. Price trends will be upward and should reach those of 1925 later in the season. There is, as usual, a lot of garbled talk about diversifying crops. Outside of a limited amount of sugar, it is problem atical what other crop could be produced in the Luzon plain, owing to its climatic and phys ical limitations. With the price of palay at from P4.30 to P4.50 for the next two years, few rice-growers will abandon its culture for the only other crop they could raise. There is another item that seems to have es caped the economist. That is, the transporta tion problems are being solved by the shipping STERILIZERS for Doctors and Dentists IBB - Being one of the many types of WATER lililí HEATERS which we H yilg have for use with gas. We have a type for |j| every purpose; for the home, for the club, for the restaurant, for the hotel, for hospitals, each J 1 economical and ready 1 for instant use day or night. Manilal Gas Corporation Main Office: Down town: Calle Otis Tel. 1-69-34 7 Calle David. Tel. 2-16-43 — ------ — - entities themselves. As the freights and con gested service of the Manila railroad during the peak season of shipment was detrimental to the millers, quite a few of these entities have pur chased trucks of 200-cavan capacity for the shipment of rice direct to Manila. This is also the case with shipments moving north. It was argued that it could not be done at a profit, but the Chinese, who rarely lose on their business dealings, are doing it at a profit, as the most vital thing is to supply their customers. The branch lines of railroad, projected, but not yet constructed, will thus find a competitive trans portation service grown to some proportions, unless they grasp their opportunity. In con nection with this we may mention that the dis trict to be reached by branch lines is that of the rice region par excellence, a strip running along the mountain ranges from San Miguel, Bulacan, to San Manuel, Pangasinan, and averaging from twenty-five to thirty-five miles wide. It is problematical if this region will ever be devoted to any other crop than rice. The transporta tion service to be successful is a study of actual and potential conditions, the seizing of oppor tunity, and building to conserve the volume of traffic in freight. To say the motor-truck can not compete is far from true, in the face of exist ing conditions. ANCESTOR WORSHIPERS (Concluded from page 4) leisurely manner so typical of Philippine villages and villagers, had consumed hours. The bonfire had now died away to a heap of glowing coals as hot as blue blazes, which they were emit ting copiously. So the fire was ready and the worshipers were ready to walk on it. They did so at once, coming from the altar with their low chants on their lips and guttering candles in their hands. They quickened their step when they reached the fire, and they danced when the guitars and the fiddle played them a lively tune. First around the scorching edge, then right through the fire they danced, making an impromptu competition of it. Someone whis pered that the oldest was the best dancer (could stand, that is, the hottest blaze). He must have been seventy. A younger man overheard, so he turned and danced right through the blue blazes and trampled them out. The third man chanted a little louder and followed him, and then the old man did the same. Together they trampled the whole fire out, taking ten or fifteen minutes to do so, and they broke up the larger coals with their bare heels. When he had been at this a few minutes, the old man put a red coal in his mouth, holding it firmly between his lips and making as if to puff it like he would a cheroot. This was to majce the children laugh and the girls scream; for you certainly will rarely find your Malay so preoccupied with anything that he can’t turn aside momentarily to please the children, if children are there to be pleased; and he is also a little masculinely vain, even though old. So the medicine-making and the fire-walking was over. The music ended in a flourish, the old man spat out his coal, and the three worship ers went back to the altar, to kneel and give thanks. Their feet were examined by flashlight, closely, and they were not very calloused and not burned at all. There were plenty of villagers about, to help dispose of the food on the altar: the several baked pullets, the suman, the bibinka, the maruya and the nipa wine. There would be no need, and very little sense, in going home while the moon still shone. The work-a-day strangers could do that—the Manilans who had come to see and had been given candles and the benches and the log-seat by the fire. Strangers under stand little of nature, perhaps. They don’t make medicine. But it can be made for them. If you are ill of an abiding and deadly illness, the Cavite ancestor-worshipers will strive with the demons within you and try to drive them away. Then you will be well, perhaps for no more than the sacrifice of a good beef animal. Primitive, but not unimpressive, mysticism. Light and darkIN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL iría /4IWZLTÍ2V/12V OtlAlVltíPK OP OO1VLMLKOL JOUKiNAL £< cói aary, 1929 ness, mind and dust, comingled inextricably. But the psychic question: May one speak with the dead, contend with disembodied demons, hold concourse with ghosts and courtsful of undoubted saints? Let us leave it unanswered, perhaps man ought not dare to know too much. All we really beheld were a rustic Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego, unscathed in a fiery furnace. Messrs. Fried. Krupp Germaniawerft, builders of the well-known Krupp diesel engines, have just made new arrangements regarding their representation in these islands, Messrs. Smith, Bell & Co., having been appointed sole represen tatives. In addition to the diesel engines built by the Krupp Germaniawerft works, this agency also includes the well known Bohn & Kahler vertical, 4 cycle, full diesel engines up to 100 HP and also the Motorenfabrik Darmstadt, Modaag small, horizontal and vertical full diesel engines. Fried. Krupp Grusonwerk manufacture hemp decorticating machinery. Public attention has lately been focussed on the question of introduc ing modern methods of cleaning and stripping lemp by machinery, and articles in this connec tion have lately appeared in the press. NEWSPAPERS EDITORIALS (Concluded from, page, 11} irmy and navy that privilege which is theirs mder a special legislation. The bill is an open leclaration that Filipinos are what they are: Orientals, and Orientals are not wanted in the Jnited States contingent on a standing policy ¡afeguarding the welfare of the American people igainst Asiatics. There should be no resentment among the >eople of these Islands against the aims of the [ohnson bill. It is admitted that it reflects an ffort on the part of the American people to >reserve their physiognomy as a people, so to say, and to keep the economic structure of high wages and high standard of living among the Americans unimpaired by aliens. The federal legislation establishing the quota system was a measure to the same effect. America could not absorb, despite her reputation as the melting pot of the nations, the immigrants from Southern Europe. The bar was put up, as the bar would be put up by the Johnson bill, in protection of the American people. There can be no quarreling with the acts of a nation to protect its vital interests. Where the question is of moment to its national existence, its government must act for its citizens that deserve to be protected by it. On broad general grounds, that is the case for America. Specifically, a case can be worked out, not precisely, for the Philippines, but more for America herself in connection with the Johnson bill. For rightly, it has been observed, that measure returns to conditions their natural aspect, and divests the relations between the United States and these Islands of all artificiality. The existence of American sovereignty is not the seeking of the nationals. American treat ment of the Filipino people by the United States government, broadly outlined in the famous McKinley instructions to the Philippine Com mission, has been a sanctioned national policy. The Johnson bill, outwardly contrary to the spirit of that fair and benevolent treatment, really brings it to a head. For the Philippine problem,—to America a trust upon which there is no falling down for the welfare of the Filipinos, —has become an issue upon which there cannot be any falling down if American welfare is to be safeguarded. Correctly surmised, that should mean, on ethical, not political grounds, an inevitable separation of this country from Amer ica upon a mandate from America.—Tribune, January 22. AMERICAN CAPITAL Speaking before the Philippine Chamber of Commerce yesterday, Senate President Quezon reiterated his stand in favor of the admission of foreign capital in the Philippines. He asked what good will would be had by barring outside capital from the Philippines? He drove home the need of allowing foreign capital to help develop the islands and emphasized the lack of local capital. And in referring to. foreign capital he meant particularly American capital. Mr. Quezon is to be congratulated on his frank and firm stand. In spite of his reiterations in favor of outside capital there still are a great number of Filipinos who fear its coming on the ground that every dollar invested here is a nr il driven into the coffin of the people’s political aspirations. Nothing more erroneous, of course. For it must be borne in mind that referring to the American dollar particularly, wherever it is invested it has been found to have helped the people more than to enslave them. In many parts of the world, in Europe, in Africa as well as in Asia and South America itself, the American dollar has played a prominent part in the development of trade, commerce and industry, in the restoration of war-torn or storm-stricken regions and in the extension of modern agencies of progress such as public roads and railways, public education and public health. In no instance has American capital been known to enslave. On the contrary wherever it goes higher wages and better conditions of living and contentment among the people become manifest. The ballyhoo against America and American capitalists comes mostly from preachers and propagandists in Europe and Latin America who, while calling Americans hard-hearted and modern Shylocks, cannot but admit the wonders achieved by American money. For one part the cognomen is justifiable. American capital does not rush in easily as does the proverbial fool. It is the old law of self-preservation. What American capital has sought and done in other countries, it seeks and promises to do in the Philippines. The Filipinos have the material but they lack the means to make good use of it. Mr. Quezon and the majority of the Filipino leaders realize this. Mr. Quezon’s reiteration before the Philippine chamber cer tainly is timely.—Times, January 16. THE WHITE EMPRESS OF THE PACIFIC EMPRESS OF ASIA EMPRESS OF FRANCE EMPRESS OF RUSSIA 16900 tons 18400 tons 16800 tons To CANADA, UNITED STATES and EUROPE QUICKEST TIME ACROSS THE PACIFIC CANADIAN PACIFIC STEAMSHIPS 14-16 CALLE DAVID MANILA, P. I. V RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL February, 19’29 ltlL AMZK1CA1V UP 1V11VLZLTCVJUUIWAL Dean Edward Ottoman, of the Chicago zhnical College, recently opined that “people ; wanting more speed and the manufacturer mid make the car as safe as possible.” This tement was -in reply to a series of questions jpounded by Percival White, prominent ? pneer, while making his recent automotive ■i j-vey. As the mechanism of the automobile is peri i ted it is obvious that greater distances can be ,'aversed which in turn is the basic reason for “ e public demand for speed. There are two incipal means of relieving the danger that high • eed is heir to. A low center of gravity is a iat step, as the greatest danger at high speed s in the possibility of turning over. Another jat step is fortification against damage in case collision or sudden impact. Dodge Brothers, patrons of this review, adrtise these two guards against injury in their ■ <-w Victory Six motor. Their statement is \ >at the entire body of this car is made of two walls of sheet steel, battleship type, with an air space between. These walls are joined together at various points with lock joints giving the body much greater strength by creating a second defense against accident. The body and the chassis are united into one solid unit in this car. The floor is built into the chassis frame and the seats are attached directly to this. The old insecure framework, including the body sills, is thus eliminated. And in addition there is a saving of two full inches in the height of the car and a resulting lower center of gravity without sacrifice of road clearance. It would be prac tically impossible to overturn this car even on the sharpest corners. The one unit is necessarily much more solid, the torsional twists and strains are now taken up by the solid piece of metal. The body is further strengthened by the battleship principle of are used to replace the single wall and the result construction. Two separate walls of sheet steel is an impenetrable redoubt for the passengers. ESTIMATED PRODUCTION, EXPORTS AND CONSUMPTION OF PHILIPPINE SUGAR FOR 1928-29 AS COMPARED WITH 1927-28 1928-1929 PRODUCTION Negros Luzon Panay, Min doro, Cebu, Leyte Total Centrifugals . . 390,000 200,000 25,000 615,000 Muscovados . . 30,000(*) Refined........... 10,000 15,000 — 25,000 Total........... 400,000 215,000 25,000 670,000 EXPORTS1 Centrifugals Muscovados Refined .... Total .... Centrifugals Muscovados Refined .... Total.... 545,000 10,000 23,000 578,000 CONSUMPTION2 50,000 20,000 2,000 85,000 15,000 2,000 472,000 112,0003 Negros 399,147 399,147 1927-19x8 Luzon Panay, Min doro, Leyte, Cebu Total 151,355 24,213 574,715 30,776 23,341 54,117 8,000 ------- 8,000 190,131 47,554 636,832 523,706 35,679 6,692 ...................................................... 566,077 Practically all exports of centrifugals and refined were marketed in the United States and muscovados in China and Japan. 2There is unknown quantity of low-grade sugars consumed locally which is not taken into consideration in the foregoing table. 3Based on a per capita consumption of 20 lbs., according to the Bureau of Agriculture. 4Based on production figures, stocks at the beginning and end of each crop period and shipment figures. *Exclusive of production in Mindanao, estimated at 2000 tons and low-grade sugars produced all over the Islands, all of which are consumed locally. Authorized for publication by the Trustees of the Philippine Sugar Association. The Bill Timberlake Will Pass......... AWAY So..........go ahead and enjoy ROBERTSON’S SCOTCH WHISKY There is a lot of real pleasure in it. Served at the bar. KUENZLE & STREIFF, Inc. elusive Distributors T P Tel. 2-39-36 N - V ’’G V ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 24- THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCEJOURNAL February, 1929 SHIPPING REVIEW By H. M. CAVENDER General Agent, Dollar Steamship Line Co. While figures are not as yet available, ship ments from the Philippine Islands during the month of December continued in good volume, and we are sure that final figures will show very satisfactory results for the month. Certain lines of business closed down over the Christ mas holidays, and their shipments were natural ly curtailed, but this will not seriously affect the total. With the sugar shipping season in full swing and with continued heavy demand for space from Singapore and Java, the regular lines are having difficulty in taking care of requests for space, this being especially true of such bulk commodities as sugar, lumber, etc. Indications are that this condition will continue through March. The Radio Corporation of the Philippine Islands, in cooperation with the Philippine General Hospital and Philippine Health Service, announce that they will receive without charge requests for medical and surgical advice from ships at sea. This will no doubt be of great assistance in cases of serious illness on steamers with no doctor available. Passenger traffic during the month of January has been very active, this being especially true THE YOKOHAMA SPECIE BANK = LTD. ---------- ,= (ESTABLISHED 1880) HEAD OFFICE: YOKOHAMA, JAPAN Yen Capital (Paid Up) - 100,000,000.00 Reserve Fund - - - - 102,500,000.00 Undivided Profits - - - - 8,281,611.36 MANILA BRANCH 34 PLAZA CERVANTES, MANILA K. YABUK1 Manager PHONE 2-37-59—MANAGER PHONE 2-37-58—GENERAL OFFICE of steerage passengers to Honolulu and the Pacific coast. The total movement during the month, amounting to 2,128 passengers, was made up as follows (first figure represents cabin passengers, second figure steerage): To China and Japan 198-456, to Honolulu 2-645, to the Pacific coast 66-618, to Singapore and Straits Settlements 18-4, to Mediterranean ports 21-0. W. M. Cameron, oriental manager of the Canadian Pacific Railway, who was a recent visitor in Manila on business for his company, returned to his headquarters in Hongkong by the President Jefferson on January 19. E. J. Chalmers arrived in Manila by the President Taft on January 3 to join the staff of the Columbia Pacific Shipping Company. W. F. Cawley arrived in Manila by the Pres ident Wilson on January 1 to join the Robert Dollar Company here. He has been placed in charge of steerage passenger business. J. R. Atkins, manager of the shipping depart ment of Warner Barnes & Co., will sail shortly for England on home leave. During his absence Mr. Masefield will be in charge of the shipping department. G. A Harrell, district passenger agent of the Dollar steamship lines, returned to Manila last week from a three weeks trip to southern island ports in the interests of his company. S. C. Larson, for some time past secretary of the Associated Steamship Lines, has resigned to accept a position with L. Everett, Inc., as mana ger of their Hongkong office. G. E. Andrews, Jr. has been appointed secretary of the Associated Steamship Lines. J. E. Gardner, Jr., assistant general agent of The Robert Dollar Company here, left Manila by the President Lincoln on February 2 for five months leave of absence in the United States and will then leave for Genoa where he has been appointed general agent of the company. G. P. Bradford, of the Columbia Pacific Ship ping Company, was elected chairman of the Associated Steamship Lines for the year 1929 at a meeting held January 8. L. B. Jepson, of the Dollar line, was named as vice chairman. TOBACCO REVIEW Alhambra Cigar and Cigarette Manufacturing Co. Raw Leaf: The market for local consump tion remained inactive, with exports registering a big improvement over the previous month. Shipments abroad during January were: Raw Leaf, Strips Tobacco and Scraps— Kilos Australia.............................................. 190 China.................................................... 145,133 Hongkong............................................ 78,404 Java...................................................... 2,170 North Africa........................... 215,112 North Atlantic (Europe).................. 182,962 Spain.................................................... 1,301,450 Straits Settlements........................... 4,193 United States.................................... 219,566 Total........................................ 2,149,180 January 1928........................ 493,170 Cigars: Shipments to China during January were rather heavy, in anticipation of the in creased taxes going into effect on February 1st. Export to the United States, while better than in the corresponding period of 1928, shows a decline of almost 25% against December 1928. Comparative figures for cigar shipments to the United States are as follows: January 1929.............. 13,178,776 December 1928.......... 17,398,237 January 1928.............. 11,247,174 CARRY ON ’Tis evening. Shadows fall. The last bird southward flies Reluctantly. The nest Yawns wide. Thrice empty is My heart. The mate, who by The fireside sat, is gone. Another Spring? Perhaps. If not on earth, then in Some outer, happier bourn. Meanwhile, O heart of mine, Intrepid, carry on! Luther Parker. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL reoruary, íy^y TPLU AMLK1UAN UílAMtíüK UP UUM1VLRKUR JOURNAL 25 The Manila Stock Market During January By W. P. G. Elliott With all indications that the year 1929 would e a prosperous one from practically all st and, Dints, cable advices received early in the month >ntained the most bearish news received in , tese islands for a decade. Hearings held by * ae ways and means committee of Congress, J dealing with various restrictions on various ; lilippine products, have put a decided check <;u business, and a tendency to mark time is : * nerally apparent in all lines of trade. In ’ ongress, farm relief is actively on the program * d a possible revision of numerous tariff sche< les. This last will probably not be accom;shed until the next session, but the fact that ms are being made is important to a wide ige of industries in these islands. The feeling ¡ s been directly reflected in the stock market, trticularly in the sugar shares, which are now the lowest point since the founding of the , >ck exchange. Some sugar shares have J- dined 50% from the high point reached in J tober last year. However, among the more isoned shares there has been a fair amount of Dd inside buying, which is encouraging and ’ s had the effect of pegging the market at the p asent low levels, and stopping the decline the time being. Undoubtedly there are ne good bargains in sugar to be picked up at j present levels, among the more seasoned ues. Banks have continued firm to strong, v. ;h no pressure to sell, and mines have firmed ’ smartly on the news that Balatoc has com; : :nced operations. Industrials have also re gained firm, with a tendency to advancing prices some instances. Banks.—Bank of the Philippine Islands paid dividend of 5% at the first of the year, and i .rrent reports indicate that the financial poion is stronger than at any time since the ’ ,st war period. In addition to writing off bad and doubtful accounts, a substantial íount was placed to reserve. As was to be •naturally expected, after selling at P200 the shares have gradually declined, and they were placed at P180 at the close of this month’s business. Chartered Banks have ad vanced slightly and after opening at £22 they were placed at £22-5 with further buyers at this figure. China Banks have been placed on fairly large transactions at P90, and have in creased the semiannual dividend for the last half of 1928 to 4%, thus placing the shares on an 8% basis. The bank has opened a new branch at Shanghai, another step forward. HongkongShanghai Banks have been very firm and closed at HK$1350, up 50 points for the month. This bank has also declared a final dividend for the year 1928 of £3 plus a bonus of £2 per share, making a total dividend of £8 per share for the year 1928. Mercantile Banks have also ad vanced with buyers at P42. This bank also Manila to New York via Suez and Europe See the Old World on your trip home. Stops of several days in many ports. You can travel through Europe and catch our boat for New York via Southampton, England, at Bremen. “The Most Interesting Trip In The World.” NORDDEUTSCHER LLOYD Zuellig & von Knobelsdorff Agents 90 Rosario, Manila Phone 22324 paid a dividend for the last half of 1928 of 3%, making a total disbursement of 6% for the past year. Insurances.—Compañía Filipinas have de clined slightly after the dividend of 9% paid for the last six months of 1928. There are now buyers of these shares at P3150. Insular Life and Philippine Guarantee have each paid divi dends of 9% for the last half of 1928 and have buyers at P315 respectively. Unions of Canton have firmed up smartly, and closed firm and active at HK$371, up 11 points for the month. Sugar.—Notwithstanding the bearish news from the United States, sugars seem to have reached their low point for the year and the decline seems to be checked for the moment. Bacolod-Murcias are offered at P8, and on fairly moderate transactions, Bagos have been placed at P20. Cebu sugars have declined slightly and there are now offers to sell at Pl7 but no transactions have been reported. Bais have also declined, with sellers at P950. It is rumourAMERICAN MAIL LINE DOLLAR STEAMSHIP LINE COMBINED TRANSPACIFIC SERVICE SAILING ONCE A WEEK The “President” Liners Offer Speed—Service—Courtesy—Comfort Excellent Food, Comfortable Cabins, Broad Decks, American Orchestra, Dancin¿, Swimming Pool, Sports SAILING ONCE A WEEK TO SAN FRANCISCO AND LOS ANGELES via Hongkong, Shanghai, Kobe, Yokohama, and Honolulu SAILINGS ON ALTERNATE SATURDAYS 24 Calle David ROUND THE WORLD President Hayes - - - - Jan. 30 President Polk - - - - Feb. 13 President Adams - - - Feb. 27 President Garñeld - - - March 13 President Harrison - - - March 27 Sailings every fortnight MANILA VICTORIA AND SEATTLE via Hongkong, Shanghai, Kobe, and Yokohama SAILINGS ON ALTERNATE SATURDAYS Telephone No. 2-24-41 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 26 -iVE "Á'MLTJICÁN ’OF 'COMMERCE ’ JOURNAL February, 1929 cd that Bais will pay I lie usual dividend of 20% early in February, therefore these shares seem attractive at the current quotation. Carlotas have been very active, after opening at P240, they have declined on fairly large transactions to P215 and now seem pegged at this figure, as all offerings are quickly absorbed. Tarlacs on moderate sales declined to Fl80 with further sellers at this figure. Central Luzons are offered at PIO down from last transactions, the closing offered to sell being Pl50. Hawaiian-Philippines have also eased off 7 1/2 points with sellers now offering at P50, this central paid the usual quarterly dividend of 3% early this month. Isabelas have advanced 3 points, closing at Pl8 sellers. Kabankalans have eased off, closing with sellers at P245. Lopez sugars have re mained firm and unchanged with buyers at Pl 15. A small parcel of Luzon sugars are offered at Pl000, and it is rumoured that this company will disburse a dividend of 100% in stock in the very near future. Malabons have advanced slightly with sales at P24. Mount Arayats have also participated in the general decline, closing at Pl00 nominal. Pasudecos have remained firm and unchanged with sellers at P48, buyers P45. Pilars report a very satisfactory year for the 1927-1928 working, and the directors have authorized an increase in the capital structure from P700,000 to P2,000,000 and these shares have been reduced from the former par value of P1000 to P100. This means that each shareholder will receive 10 new shares for each one old share held. There are offers to sell the new shares at Pl40 which is equivalent to P1400 for the old shares. San Carlos are available at $33, and Talisay-Silays have buyers at P22. Victorias Milling, com mon, are firm and unchanged at Pl65, and Victorias preferred are also unchanged with sellers at Pl 10. Plantations.—There were small sales of Pamplonas at P85 and a fair amount of Polos were placed at P400 with further sellers at this figure. Mines.—Benguet Consolidated opened at P2.35 on moderate transactions and quickly advanced to P2.45, buyers, but with very few sellers in the market. Balatocs began opera tions early this month, and after the usual minor flows experienced in starting up new machinery, the plant is now operating smoothly and we understand very satisfactorily, a very good yield being extracted from the ore crushed. Balatocs CHARTERED BANK OF inadí%hintaraua Capital and Reserve Fund........................................ . £7,000,000 Reserve Liability of Proprietor................................... 3,000,000 MANILA BRANCH established 1872 SUB-BRANCHES ¿AT CEBU, ILOILO AND ZAMBOANGA Every description of banking business transacted. Branches in every important town throughout India, China, Japan, Java, Straits Settlements, Federated Malay States, French Indo-China, Siam, and Borneo; also in New York. Head Office: 38 Bishopsgate, London, E. C. T. H. Fraser, Manager. Manila. have buyers at P2.35 but on account of the small floating supply, sellers are hard to find. Itogons were placed on moderate transactions at par, namely P10. Industrials.—Philippine Educations were again the outstanding feature of this list. This company has purchased McCullough Printing Company, Inc. The purchase represents one of the most important business transactions in recent years here, as it combines two of the oldest American business organizations. The purchase was made in order to carry out the plan of the management, namely, to print all their own publications, the printing cost of which runs well over P100,000 a year, in their own plant. Edu cations common paid a final dividend of 3% early this month making a total disbursement for the year 1928 of 15%. Educations common were placed at Pl72.50, the highest point of the year. Educations preferred paid the usual quarterly dividend of 2-1/2%, and these shares are in fair demand at Pl 06. San Miguel Bre weries have sellers at t*150, but buyers arc not inclined to bid more than Pl40. Bonds.—Important sales to Tarlac 8% had been made during the month and a small amount of Lyric Theatre 7% changed hands at par. Carlota 8% were also done at par, for a small parcel. For the first time in several years a small amount of Polo plantation 10% are offered at par plus accrued interest, and this should prove attractive to investors in bonds. The new University Club bonds will probably be over subscribed. These bonds will bear interest at 8% per annum and judging from the number of applications already received for these secu rities “if, when, and as,” issued, the total amount being for P225,000 only, will be readily taken THE MANILA HOTEL LEADING HOTEL IN THE ORIENT Designed and constructed to secure coolness, sanitation and comfort under tropic climatic conditions Provides every Western convenience combined with every Oriental luxury Finest Dance Orchestra in the Far East Management - - WALTER E. ANTRIM Salient Facts About Lumber Industry In 1928 By ARTHUR F. FISCHER, DIRECTOR OF FORESTRY In spite of the refusal of the Supreme Court of the United States to revise the adverse decision rendered by the federal trade com mission on the Philip pine Mahogany case, the consumption of Phil ippine lumber in Ame rica continues to in crease; and contrary to general belief in the islands, the prohibition in the United States in the use of the name is not applicable to every body but is confined only to the seven defendants involved in the suit. Total export to the United States from Jan uary to December, 1928, was 41,753,824 board BABCOCK 8s TEMPLETON, INC. IMPORTERS—EXPORTERS HEMP COPRA MAGUEY PHILIPPINE PRODUCTS FINE LITHO AND PRINTING INKS Agen ts for JOHN KIDD & Co., Ltd. LONDON NEW YORK MANILA CEBU SAN FRANCISCO up. Incidentally, llus bond issue covers only about 40% of the value of the property. The market closed with a firm undertone in banks, insurances, mines, and industrials; sugars, are easier but apparently pegged^ at the present low levels. Sales for the month aggregated 25,371 shares. Dividends Declared and Paid.— Bank of the Philippine Islands—-5% for year 1928; China Banks—4%, last half 1928; Hongkong-Shanghai Banks—£3 plus bonus £2 per share; Mercantile Banks—3%, last half 1928; Phil. Cía de Seguros —9%, last half 1928; Insular Life—9%, last half 1928; Philippine Guarantee—9%, last half 1928; Benguet Consolidated, 5 centavos, last quarter 1928; Philippine Educations, common,— 3%, final, 1928. feet valued at P3,286,864 as against a total export last year to the United States of 39,351,016 board feet valued at P3,446,757. The total exports to all countries amount to 85,897,736 board feet valued at P6,258,819 as against Watching Investments Buying Sound Securities is the Beginning of Safe and Profitable Investing Inquiries Invited Hair and Elliot Members Manila Stock Exchange P. O. Box 1479 34-B Plaza Cervantes, Manila 72,034,632 board feet valued at :P5,558,003 in 1927, showing about 20% increase. One of the outstanding features of the export trade is the increased demand in the United States for round logs which are used in the manufacture of veneer FOR RENT:—Store space, Calle David and Dasmariñas, 179 square meters.— Entrances on both streets.—Excellent show windows. Apply, John R. Wil son, Secretary, American Chamber of Commerce, 180 David, Phone 2-11-56. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL February, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL m<l plywood for doors, iuicrior Him, furniture. ;tc., while some logs are used in the manufacture >f cigar boxes. The total export of round logs :o all countries in 1928 was 14,982,040 board feet as against 8,700,000 board feet in 1927. Incomplete figures covering timber cut by 79 sawmills and 5 logging operators without saw mills show a log scale of 1,256,019 cubic meters as compared with 955,114 cubic meters for the whole year 1927. The estimated total cut in the islands in 1928 will probably exceed 1,500,000 cubic meters or 636,000,000 board feet. This will be 57% greater than the total cut in 1927. Estimated actual lumber production or mill tally in 1928 is about 256,637,556 board feet as compared with 189,102,893 board feet during the previous year, or an increase of 36%. The total amount of forest charges that will be collected from sawmills and important logging operations alone in 1928 will be about Pl, 145,000 as against P867.579.00 in 1927, or an estim ated increase of 32%. * The number of sawmills which started opera tions in 1928 is reported to be 21 with the total rated daily cut of about 90,000 board feet. In 1927 only 5 mills started running with a total rated daily cut of 11,000 board feet. Three of the mills that started running in 1928 are capable of cutting at least 10,000 board feet a day. Press reports show that during the year just passed 11 sawmill and lumber firms registered their papers in the bureau of commerce and industry. The total authorized capital of these firms is about P3,050,000, of which Pl,548,000 is paid up. That local lumbermen are beginning to ap preciate the fact that a circular saw is more wasteful than a band saw is shown by the fact that three of the more important sawmills with circular head rigs have already bought or ordered band mills to replace their circular rigs. At present, the total daily capacity of the three cir cular rigs is about 30,000 board feet. When the band mills are installed, their combined produc tions should easily total 100,000 board feet a day. Perhaps at no other time in the history of the Islands was there so much interest manifested by the public in the lumber business as during the year just passed. This interest was shown by several measures presented in the legislature regarding the lumber business, by discussions in chambers of commerce, and by articles in the press. These discussions were concerned mainly with the fact that apparently the lumber industry in the Philippines is in the hands of foreigners. Legislative measures, therefore, were proposed to encourage more participation of Filipinos and Americans in the lumber industry. The popular conception about the industry, however, was erroneous because it was believed that lumber production and distribution were control led by foreigners. Actually, however, produc tion is in the hands of Filipinos and Americans but distribution, in the local markets at least, is exclusively controlled by Chinese. That the development of the lumber industry in the Philippines is not unnoticed by neighboring countries is shown by the fact that almost every year during the last five years saw forestry officials and private firms from Australia, Ma dras, Burma, Singapore, Japan and Java, coming to the Philippines to study our logging and milling methods. Two of the highest forest officers of Java and Sumatra have just left the Philippines after making a thorough study of the lumber industry, while at present there are two Hindu forest officers and one private corporation official from Burma making inves tigations as to our method of lumber production. Practically all the highest officers of Burma and Madras have spent weeks and months in the Philippines investigating our methods of lumber manufacture. January sales exceed those of the same month in 1925. 1926 and 1927 but are about half of the January 1928 total. The average of January sales 1920 1929 inclu sive is Pl ,390,055, which makes this month’s sales somewhat below the average. The following commodities were received in Manila December 26, 1928 to January 25, 1929, ooth inclusive, via Manila “ " Rice, cavans..................... Sugar, piculs..................... Tobacco, bales........... Copra, piculs................ Coconuts ........................... Lumber, B. F................... Desiccated coconuts, cases Railroad: Jan. 1929 Dec. 1928 255,875 113,750 513,296 331,744 1,080 3,720 142,600 219,900 1,278,200 1,147,300 345,600 234,900 3,528 13,120 REAL ESTATE By P. D. Carman San Juan Heights Addition ( ,/v ,>l M.nnhi .rinb.i /v.'tv Dnu.n .• 10 2.9 Santa Cruz. Pl 81,394 P431,240 Binondo........... 62,782 San Nicolas 177,902 500 Tondo....................... 36,840 115,418 Sampaloc.... 175,413 67,903 San Miguel............. 13,540 31,000 Intramuros. . 1,400 205,000 Ermita...................... 90,784 157,693 Malate...................... 238,824 90,911 Paco ................... 21,494 10,997 Santa Ana............... 37,519 16,543 Pandacan................. 3,500 49,250 Quiapo. 229,200 54,480 P 1,270.592 Pl,230,935 Read the Journal Statistics Fast Freight Service Across America When promptness of delivery is necessary to the profit of your shipment, route it “via Great Northern Railway.” Safety and despatch are assured on this favored route between the Pacific Northwest Ports of Entry and Minneapolis, St. Paul, Chicago, New York and other Eastern Points. Consult freely with our Import and Export Offices located at 411 Douglas Building, Seattle, 79 West Mon roe St., Chicago, 233 Broadway, New York. The service is free and will undoubtedly save you worry, delay and expense. The Great Northern Railway operates one of the finest refrigerator Freight Services in America. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOVRNAL 28 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL February, 1929 JANUARY SUGAR REVIEW By George H. Fairchild New York Market (Spot):—The official announcement in the latter part of the pre vious month that the present Cuban crop will be entirely unrestricted both in production and disposal had an adverse effect upon the Amer ican sugar market during the first week of the month under review, resulting in further de cline in prices to 2 cents c. and f. (3.77 cents 1. t.) for present shipments of Cubas. Another factor contributing to this market depression was the announcement of an increase in Licht’s estimate of the European beet crop by 150,000 tons. On the 7th, however, the market showed a slight improvement with small quantity of Cubas sold to the refiners at 2-1/16 cents c. and f (3.83 cents 1. t.). Thereafter up to the 15th the market eas irregular and unsettled and sales of Cubas were negotiated at prices ranging between 2—1/32 cents c. and f. (3.80 cents 1. t.) and 2-1/16 cents c. and f. (3.83 cents 1. t.). At the close of the 15th the market became easier and prices again declined to 2 cents c. and f. (3.77 cents 1. t.). Prices for refined also declined to the basis of 5 cents, which stimulated demand for granulated sugar to such an extent that on the 17th the spot market gained strength result ing in moderate sales of Cubas at 2-1/16 cents c. and f. (3.83 cents 1. t.). During the latter part of the month the market reverted to its irregular, unsettled position in When Telegraphing Use The Radiogram Route RADIO CORPORATION OF THE PHILIPPINES 25 PLAZA MORAGA I 2-26-01 Phones: 2-26-02 Al Way S Open I 2-26-03 WORLD IDE IRELESS WISDOM For a fob He wears A nerveless tooth Mounted In pale yellow Benguet gold; Not the ivory Molar Of a slimy saurian That roamed in the Mangrove swamp Back of the barrio Of san Jose, But the Wisdom tooth Of his money lending Spouse, God shrive her soul! Still. . . Her bite Was not as bad As her bark, And her wisdom Phenomenal In things financial Is the only reason Why He rides around Today In a velvet lined. Nickel garnished Limousine. —Anonymous. the second week, and closed weak and dull with small sales of Cubas to the refiners at 2-1/64 cents c. and f. (3.785 cents 1. t.). The visible stocks in the U. K., U. S., Cuba, and European statistical countries at the end of January were 4,289,000 tons as compared with 3,746,000 tons at the same time in 1927 and 4,103,000 tons in 1926. Outlook for 1929. Commenting on the outlook for 1929, Facts About Sugar for Jan uary 5 says: “Seldom has a year opened with a more uncertain market outlook for sugar than prevails at the beginning of 1929. The known factors in the situation are regarded by the majority of the trade as depressive in their tendency, but there are intangible influences that may operate to deflect values from their expected course before the end of the year.” Dr. Gustav Mikusch, eminent European sta tistician, estimated the world’s sugar produc tion for 1928-29 at 28,218,000 tons, of which 18,866,000 tons is cane sugar and 9,352,000 tons beet sugar, as compared with the 1927-28 pro duction of 26,666,000 tons of which 17,527,000 tons cane sugar and 9,139,000 tons beet sugar. The world’s consumption for 1927-28 was placed by Dr. Mikusch at 25,742,000 tons, leaving an excess of production over consumption of appro ximately 924,000 tons, or a little over 3 per cent. On the other hand, Dr. H. C. Prinsen Geerligs pointed out that the excess in the world’s pro duction for 1928-29 may entirely disappear when estimates are corrected by reason of a greater absorption from invisible stocks. Czarnikow-Rionda Company attributed the steady decline in prices for the past year to two principal factors, the large decrease in meltings in the United States and the increase in Java’s production due to exceptionally favorable grow ing weather coupled with the good results obtain ed from the new cane variety POJ 2878. The decline in prices, according to Czarnikow-Rionda Company, caused buyers to be extremely cau tious in limiting their stocks and purchases to a minimum, resulting in the depletion of the IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL February, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMB.er OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 29 . visibles by approximately 500,000 tons. This ¿r thority estimates an increase of about 100,000 -cis in the production in the United States and ssessions for 1928-29 over the previous year, - t is of opinion *his increase is not sufficiently :ge to make a material difference from the past j ar because the carryover from the United 3..ates and Cuban stocks is about that much . ss and invisibles much smaller than last year. “The wave of extreme depression in the past y jar. may be ended,” Czarnikow-Rionda states, “(t is certain that all the unfavorable factors ? ave been discounted at present levels and next year all new developments will be in favor of l ie market.” Press dispatches recently received here from Havana reported that five of the most powerful Cuban sugar concerns financed by New York interests, have joined in a pooling agreement controlling approximately 3,500,000 tons of sugar. What effect this combination may have on the disposal of the Cuban crop and sugar values, remains to be seen. In this connection, it is interesting to note iat prices on the New York sugar market in 928 moved steadily downward. The highest rice for the year was 4.65 cents duty paid, quivalent to 2.875 cents c. and f. for Cubas zhich was obtained on January 4, while the owest price was 3.77 cents duty paid, equivalent o 2 cents c. and f. for Cubas, recorded on No ember 1, which was the lowest since 1925. The verage price for the year was approximately .24 cents duty paid, equivalent to 2.47 cents . and f. for Cubas. From the trend of prices during the month f January 1929 and present large visible stocks, t seems unlikely that there will be immediate . elief in the present market depression. Philippine Sales. During the month under : ;view, sales of Philippine centrifugals on the . .tlantic coast, afloats, near arrivals, and for 'iture deliveries, amounted to 26,000 tons at ’'rices ranging from 3.77 cents to 3.98 cents 1. t. hiring the same period last year 32,250 tons of diilippine centrifugals were sold at from 4.40 •Sents to 4.64 cents 1. t. duty paid. Futures. Quotations on the New York Ex’ hange during January fluctuated as follows: High Low Latest January 1929... . .. 2.03 1.92 1.98 March................... . 2.06 2.00 2.00 May...................... 2.16 2.07 2.09 July....................... . 2.22 2.14 2.16 September........... 2.25 2.17 2.17 December............ . 2.30 2.21 2.21 January 1930 ... . . 2.22 2.19 2.19 Local Market:—The local market for centriugals was quite active and small parcels for ex ports were negotiated at from P8.625 to P9.06 >er picul, with a premium of 5 to 10 centavos for arger parcels. Owing to the big demand in China, the musco vado market was steady and firm with the Chiíese dealers having been invariably the purihasers on the basis of P6.50 per picul for No. 1. Crop Prospects. Reliable advices from Ne gros indicate that in certain districts the present :rop suffered from the typhoon and recent heavy rains which reduced previous estimates. How ever, while some centrals complain of the insu fficient cane to keep them grinding at full capa city, others are milling more cane a day than their rated capacities. In general, on Luzon, the centrals are proceed ing with their operations satisfactorily and, on account of heavy tonnage, may finish grinding two weeks or a month later than last year. Planting for the 1929-30 crop is going on satis factorily. The planters are realizing the advis ability of early planting. Good germination is noticeable throughout the Luzon districts. There has been too much rain in some districts of Ne gros. With two months of good weather this defect may be overcome. Philippine Exports. Exports of sugar from the Philippines for the 1928—29 crop from No928,to January 31, 1929, amounted to 105,154 tons: Centrifugals, 103,108 metric tons; muscovados, 643; refined, 1,403; Total, 105,154 metric tons. Java Market:—No material change in the Java sugar values was reported during the month. Advices received early in January reported sales aggregating 350,000 tons of new crop Java sugar, c. i. f. COPRA AND ITS PRODUCTS By E. A. SE1DENSPINNER Vice-President and Manager, Copra Milling Corporation Copra.—The local copra market during the month of January was fairly steady at Manila with prices prac tically unchanged over December month end quotations. Although prices have declined at provincial concentration points, they still remain in excess of the Manila parity and a further reduction will be neces sary to meet the ideas of Manila buyers. With very discouraging reports, both from American and Europe, there seems to be little possibility of any improvement for the coming month. Total arrivals at Manila for January were 317,206 bags as against 129,“North Coast Limited** “Finest”— “the finest train in the world and I have traveled on all that are worth talking about”—Samuel Hopkins Adams, Auburn, N. Y* «Best”— “equipment the.very best, service splen did— , wonderful train”—N. A* Peter son, oan Francisco. ______ VOW on a new, fast schedule—68 hours between the North Pacific Coast and Chicago! Leaves Seattle at 11:00 A* M. for all the principal cities of the United States* Two days of sightseeing through America’s greatest mountains. A particularly satisfying feature of Northern Pacific travel is its diner service. New-style Observation-Club car with deep, restful lounge—cushioned chairs—library—writing corner—club rooms— showers—and maid and valet service. The Japan Tourist Bureau, American Express Company, Thos* Cook & Son, Shanghai Commercial &- Savings Bank, or any trans* Pacific steamship company will gladly furnish additional information* Oswald Crawford, G. A. 501 Granville Street Vancouver, B. C. R. J. Tozer, A. G. P. A. 200 L. C. Smith Bldg. Seattle, Wash., U. S. A. Northern PaciSic Railway (352) “First of the Northern Transcontinentals” 549 bags for January 1928. Latest cable advices follow: Manila, buen corriente, Pl0.75; arrival rese cada, Pl2.00; San Francisco, $.04-3/4 nominal; London, f. m. m., £23/10/0. Coconut Oil.—Sizeable offerings of palm kernel oil, together with heavy selling pressure for nearby positions in coconut oil, caused almost complete retirement of U. S. buyers during the month, with subsequent decline in prices to 8 cents c. i. f. New York. Earlier in the month inquiry was fairly active and trades were noted for scattered tank cars at 7-7/8 to 8 cents f. o. b. coast. Our latest reports indicate that most of the large buyers are well covered up to June, so that little improvement is anticipated in the very near future. Notwithstanding the weak ness in coconut oil, the cottonseed oil market continues firm due principally, we believe, to speculation that there will be additional tariff increases on vegetable oils, including a tariff for the first time on Philippine coconut oil. So optimistic are refiners such tariff changes will be made effective during the last half of the year that they have advanced selling prices to 12 cents per lb. for refined oil July forward. Latest reports from U. S. and foreign markets follow: Manila, in drums, P.34 per kilo; San Fran cisco, $.07-3/4 c. i. f. nominal; New York, $.08 c. i. f.; London, no quotations. E. E. Blackwood, G. A. 912 Government Street Victoria, B. C. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 3'0 THE AMERICAN CHAMBE^DF COMMERCE JOURNAL February, 1929 YOUR LOGGING PROBLEM can be solved readily by some type of WASHINGTON LOGGING ENGINE The Washington Simplex Yarder above leads all Yarders in ease of operation and low cost of upkeep. Washington Iron Works, Seattle, U. S. A. Agents for the Philippine Islands The Edward J. Nell Co., Ltd.,—Manila. WASHINGTON ENGINES llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll Commercial Printing is a silent but powerful messenger, and your letter heads, billheads, cards, envelopes, etc., when well printed, all help to build up that feeling of confidence so much desired in this modern business age. Close personal attention to every phase of a printed job is an invariable feature of McCullough Service, and our repu tation for producing good printing merits your patronage. McCullough printing company 424 RIZAL AVE. Phone 21801 manila, p. i. REVIEW OF THE HEMP MARKET By L. L. Spellman Macleod and Company This report covers the Manila Hemp market for the month of Jan uary with statistics up to January 28, 1929. U. S. Grades: The market opened firm and continued firm till about the middle of the month when it was quieter and prices declined slightly as compared to the pre vious days. Prices had risen too quickly and buyers retired from the market. It continued steady for a day or two and then was dull with a declining tendency, buyers holding off expecting lower prices. The market continued inactive and at the end of the month is reported quiet. At the beginning of the month nominal prices asked by exporters were as follows: E, 14 cents; F, 13-1/2 cents; G, 9-1/8 cents; I, 12-1/4 cents; JI, 9-3/4 cents; 51, 13-1/4 cents; S2, 12 cents, S3, 9-3/4 cents. By the middle of the month New York selling prices were: E, 16-3/4 cents; F, 14-7 8 cents; G, 9-3/8 cents; JI, 10-5/8 cents; SI, 14-5/8 cents. By the end of the month prices were nominal and quoted as follows: D, 18 cents; E, 16-5/8 cents; F, 14 cents; G, 9 cents; I, 12-3 4 cents; JI, 9-3 4 cents; SI, 13 -5/8 cents; 52, 12 12 cents. The Manila market for U. S. grades advanced rapidly at the beginning of the month and there was difficulty in buying even at the ruling high prices due to the firmness of sellers. There was a very strong speculative element holding hemp and local mills and exporters had great difficulty in buying. The opening prices were nominally: D, P41; E, P38; F, P30; G, P20; I, P27.5O; JI, P21.5O; SI, P29; S2, P26.50; S3, P21.50. By the middle of the month dealers were asking: D, P43;E, P39; F, P33;G, P20.75; I, P30; JI, P23.25; SI, P31.50; S2, P28.50; S3, P23.25. During this period of high quota tions, at the first sign of weakness in the market, the speculators began to sell and prices eased off until by the end of the month nominal quota tions were: D, P40; E, P37; F, P31; G, P19; I, P28; JI, P21; SI, P30; S2, P27; S3, P21. Sellers were nervous and buyers were indifferent at the close of the month although any parcels of U. S. grades might have brought slightly higher prices than quoted. U. K. Grades: The London market opened very firm with very few sellers and the following prices were quoted: J2, £40; K, £38.10; LI, £38; L2, £30.10; Ml, £32.10; M2, £28.10; DL, £28; DM, £25. The firmness in the London market was increased due to bears covering. Prices increased rapidly and by the middle of the month the following prices were quoted: J2, £42; K, £40; LI, £39.10; L2, £32.10; Ml, £33.10; M2, £30.10. At this period the market began to decline and this condition was further aggravated by the liquidation of a prominent dealer in London. The market continued very unsettled and was actually stagnant for a day or two. At the close of the month the market was dull and the following prices were quoted: J2, £38; K, £36.10; LI, £36; L2, £30; Ml, £31.10; M2, £28; DL, £27; DM, £25. The Manila market for U. K. grades opened firm and local prices ruled higher than the equiv alents in the consuming markets. Prices were nominal at the following quotations: J2, P17.75; K, P16.75; LI, P16.25; L2, P13; Ml, P13.25; M2, Pll.50; DL, Pll; DM, P10.50. The market continued to advance until at the middle of the month the following prices were quoted: J2, P19.50; K, P18.50; LI, P18; L2, P14.50; Ml, P15.25; M2, P13; DL, P12.50; DM, Pll. During the latter part of the month the market remained quiet and while there were some tran sactions, yet dealers were disinclined to sell large quantities at the reduced prices. The market closed at the following quotations: J2, Pl 7.50; K, Pl 6.50; LI, P16.25; L2, P13.25; Ml, P13.5O; M2, P12; DL, Pll.50; DM, P10.25. Japan: The demand from this market has been fair but adverse rates of exchange have restricted business. Maguey: This fiber advanced rapidly and the demands of the local market were insatiable. The unusually large local demand, coupled with the regular demand from foreign markets, forced prices up beyond reasonable values. Produc tion in the Northern provinces is very slow in starting and the demand was greater than the supply. Prices for this commodity have ceased off but they are still high. Production: Production during the month has been far larger than anticipated. Due to the recent typhoon, the quality of the hemp, particularly from Leyte, has declined and there seems to be a surplus of the inferior grades with a consequent indicated shortage of the better grades. Stormy weather in the Bicol region as well as in Leyte and Samar has prevented considerable hemp reaching the market. It is now believed that the effects of the typhoon in Albay and Sorsogon provinces are very much less than previously estimated and the same remarks, to a lesser degree, may be applied to Leyte and Samar. Freight Rates: The advance of Ten Shil lings (10/-) per Ton in the rate on hemp to the United Kingdom and Europe became effective on January 1st, 1929. Statistics: The figures below are for the period ending January 28th, 1929: 1929 1928 .Manila, Hemp Bs. Bs. On hand January 1.......... 158,452 139,632 Receipts to date............... 106,377 99,689 Supply to date................... 264,829 239,321 Shipments to U. K... 21,610 25,431 Shipments to Continent. ... 11,483 12,019 Shipments to U. S................ 45,233 19,989 Shipments to Japan............. 36,152 20,330 Shipments to All Others.. . . 1,532 4,208 Local Consumption. 3,000 4,000 Total Shipments 119,010 «5,977 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF .COMMERCE JOURNAL February, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 31 PRINCIPAL EXPORTS Commodities December, 1928 December, 1927 Monthly average for 12 months ending December, 1928. Quantity Value % Quantity Value % Quantity Value % A 64,079,480 P10,921,396 32.0 55,626,800 P 9,273,127 40.0 48,309,559 P 7,947,611 31.7 18,217,680 5,429,814 15.3 14,376,894 5,234,811 17.6 14,223,172 4,541.327 18.0 18,517,495 6,083,924 17.4 14,199,182 4,825,355 16.2 11,898,975 2,551,796 10. 2 23,264,710 4,460,039 13.5 19,924,845 4,006,302 13.5 20,567,809 3,648,674 13.8 Cigars (Number).............. 21,822,893 889,135 2.7 21,618,450 948,323 3.3 17,821,018 769,779 2.9 iTtrihroiderv....................... 880,085 2.7 550,056 2.0 665,278 2.3 2,028,051 426,238 1.3 2,057,273 464,410 1.7 1,495,626 291,286 0.9 IVXHKUcy •. ........................... . Leaf Tobacco.................... 960,668 290,903 0.8 2,430,800 689,267 2.4 1,904,429 563,335 1.9 Desiccated and Shredded Coconut.................... 1,230,982 414,591 1.2 1,410,315 523,148 1.9 1,717,427 596,792 2.1 Watq (’Number'). 178,138 957,681 2.8 93,478 458,206 1.6 111,744 461,064 1.5 Lumber (Cubic Jvleter).. 11,826 399,639 1.2 10,871 383,372 1.4 13,471 454,818 1.6 10,523,465 769,869 2.3 10,398,490 666,477 2.3 8,002,317 497,442 1.8 597,481 308,644 0.9 579,191 319,108 1.2 549,056 296,616 1.0 Knotted Hemp................. 65,358 244,542 0.7 11,384 45,165 0.3 14,598 38,570 0. 1 D^orl ’Riil-l-nno 56,367 48,229 0.1 77,704 68,021 0.4 72,670 5,597 Canton (low grade cordage fiber)....................................... 651,861 122,014 0.3 731,814 180,258 0.6 723,549 131,586 0.3 1,278,687 3.8 611,925 2.1 2,145,383 9.5 rT'/'\4_o1 r» P33,482,084 99.0 P29,133,247 99.5 P25,460,205 99.8 IQldl UUIHCSul riUUUVta» United States Products... 131,560 1.0 71,742 0.3 108,295 0.2 Foreign Products............... 11,786 42,342 0.5 38,453 0.1 Grand Total....... P33,625,430 100.0 P29,247,331 100.0 P25,606,954 100.0 NOTE:—All quantities are in kilos except where otherwise indicated. PRINCIPAL IMPORTS Monthly average for Articles December, 1928 December, 1927 12 months ending December, 1928. Value % Value % Value % Cotton Cloths................... P 3,746,445 16.2 P 3,350,662 15.8 P 3,360,597 15.3 Other Cotton Goods........ 1,081,831 4.6 1,203,210 5.6 1,262,274 5.6 Iron and Steel, Except Machinery..................... 1,194,027 5.1 1,549,645 7.2 1,949,872 8.7 Rice..................................... 957,750 4.0 105,117 0.4 300,598 0.8 Wheat Flour...................... 771,683 3.3 835,366 3.8 837,982 3.6 Machinery and Parts of.. 1,110,120 4.8 1,003,847 4. 7 1,397,286 6.3 Dairy Products................. 438,371 1.9 697,108 3.2 654,068 2.7 Gasoline............................. 670,476 2.9 504,313 2.3 681,481 2.9 Silk Goods......................... 686,516 3.0 888,469 4.2 768,807 3.4 Automobiles....................... 890,434 3.9 350,780 1.7 665,350 2.8 Vegetable Fiber Goods... 643,073 2.8 758,776 3.6 430,477 1.7 Meat Products.................. 509,542 2.2 389,350 1.9 461,194 2.0 Illuminating Oil................ 205,173 0.9 1,194,061 5.7 561,136 2.3 Fish and Fish Products.. 298,394 1.3 289,482 1.3 335,230 1.3 Crude Oil........................... 45,264 0.2 73,474 0.3 46,157 0.2 Coal..................................... 435,126 1.9 205,658 0.9 382,439 1.5 Chemicals, Dyes, Drugs, Etc................................... 371,165 1.6 392,328 1.9 402,579 1.8 Fertilizers........................... 824,050 3.6 650,060 3.1 316,054 1.5 Vegetable........................... 497,132 2.1 262,626 1.2 297,746 13 Paper Goods, Except Books............................. 354,903 1.5 517,306 2.4 447,169 2.0 Tobacco and Manufac tures of.......................... 1,019,463 4.4 325,696 1.5 478,408 2.2 Electrical Machinery.. .. 347,528 1.5 271,870 1.3 329,923 1.5 Books and Other Printed Matters........................... 177,656 0.8 506,275 2.4 324,811 1.4 Cars and Carriages, Ex cept Autos..................... 178,790 0.8 246,979 1.2 229,330 1.0 Automobile Tires............. 368,691 1.6 344,564 1.6 280,041 1.2 Fruits and Nuts.............. 441,851 1.9 236,206 1.1 259,204 1.1 Woolen Goods.................. 99,472 0.4 186,468 0.9 141,075 0.6 Leather Goods.................. 199,631 0.9 267,780 1.2 263,595 1.2 Shoes and Other Foot ware................................. 256,546 1.1 188,342 0.9 195,723 0.9 Coffee................................. 190,028 0.9 79,913 0.4 153,343 0.6 Breadstuff, Except Wheat Flour................. 171,082 0.8 117,856 0.5 166,275 0.7 Eggs.................................... 182,351 0.8 97,646 0.4 166,275 0.7 Perfumery and Other Toilet Goods................. 149,806 0.6 144,219 0.6 146,453 0.5 Lubricating Oil................. 170,973 0.8 58,366 0.3 198,359 0.8 Cacao Manufactures, Ex cept Candy................... 80,804 0.4 53,742 0.3 133,231 0.5 Glass and Glassware. . .. 173,972 0.8 108,426 0.5 157,262 0.7 Paints, Pigments, Var nish, Etc........................ 133,065 0.6 111,028 0.5 138,173 0.6 Oils not separately listed. 82,212 0.4 80,594 0.4 145,469 0.6 Earthen Stones and Chinaware..................... 170,487 0.8 163,532 0.8 120,767 0.4 Automobile Accessories.. 159,994 0.7 158,921 0.8 156,979 0.7 Diamond and Other Pre cious Stones Unset.. .. 108,871 0.4 133,552 0.7 135,913 0.5 Wood, Bamboo, Reed, Rattan............................ 120,163 0.5 40,667 0.2 93,996 0.4 India Rubber Goods. . .. 73,771 0.3 91,971 0.5 120,853 0.5 Soap.......................... 284,394 1.2 231,490 1.1 177,731 0.7 Matches......................... 77,834 0.3 25,123 0.1 84,308 0.3 Cattle................... 24,889 0. 1 33,243 0. 2 38,599 0.1 Explosives...................... 23*025 oil 45,156 0.2 58,442 0.2 Cement............. 113,024 0.5 37,467 0.2 75,990 0.3 Sugar and Molasses........ 101,405 0.4 67,373 0.3 73,736 0.3 Motion Picture Films. .. 26,001 0.1 32,639 0.2 30,577 0.1 All Other Imports.......... 1,686,371 7.3 1,579,219 7.5 1,776,047 8.0 Total....................... P23,125,626 100.0 P21,176,933 100.0 P22,409,584 100 0 TRADE WITH THE UNITED STATES AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES Moni dy average for Ports December, 1928 December, 1927 12 i onths ending DI ember, 1928 Value % Value % Value % Manila........................ .. .. P34,899,973 67.7 P30,950,419 60.9 P32,104,183 67.3 Iloilo........................... .. .. 10,608,050 17.6 8,797,263 17.5 7,456,724 15.0 Cebu........................... .. . . 85,79,858 7.7 7,213,223 14.3 6,941,884 13.2 Zamboanga................ . . . . 618,000 1.8 555,629 1.2 598,980 1 1 Jolo............................. . ... 57,164 0 2 79,470 0.3 130,421 0.2 Davao......................... . ... 1,352,699 2.9 1,168,651 2 4 1,184,249 2.5 Legaspi....................... . ... 635,312 2. 1 1.659,609 3.4 1,563,281 0. 7 Total.............. . ... P56,751,056 100.0 P50,424,264 100.0 P48,108,164 100.0 CARRYING TRADE IMPORTS Nationality of Vessels December, 1928 N December 1927 Monthly average for 12 months ending December, 1928. Value % Value % Value % _ American..................... . . . P 9,186,266 39.8 P10.499,553 49.8 Pl ’.. - 7 British........................... 9,669,118 41.9 6,960,810 33.0 '’/'i* ■■ Japanese....................... 987,959 4.2 1,214,743 5.6 Dutch........................... 531,970 2.3 757,259 3.5 ? • : '• German......................... 1,260,780 5.5 1,088,047 5.1 / ■' Norwegian................... 668,284 2.9 1,079 . ;(<4 2.9 Philippine..................... 139,329 0.6 110,512 0.5 ...323 0 9 Spanish......................... 102,803 0.4 65,912 0.3 •?.050’ 0.9 Chinese......................... 39,844 0.1 11,815 ;<. 5 Swedish......................... Dannish....................... 2,892 .•¿Oil Csechoslovak............... 1,3*-!'? French........................... 15.785 By Freight.................. . .. P22,589,245 97.7 1*20,710,000 97.8 ?! ': S 29 9 ;. y By Mail....................... 536,381 2.3 466,933 2.2 2. ¿ Total....................... P23,125,626 100.0 P21,176,933 100.0 Pi i -7.927JUK. - J EXPORTS Nationality of Vessels December, 1928 Mor =_ < «.-rage for December, 1927 12 months ending December, 1928. Value % Value % Value % American....................... .. P16,722,445 43.6 P14,615,207 49.1 Pll,715,462 46.8 British............................. 7,105,520 22.6 8,587,504 29.0 8,052,351 32.1 Japanese......................... 4,847,082 15.7 2,292,389 18.0 2,166,449 8.6 German........................... 961,498 3.9 1,202,501 4.6 863,417 3.4 Norwegian..................... 274,593 1.8 487,360 1.9 Spanish........................... 101,201 0.3 Dutch............................. 806,480 3.5 294,554 1.2 416,392 1.2 Philippine....................... 39,364 0.1 24,163 0.3 145,159 0.6 Chinese........................... 1J,699 10,715 Swedish........................... 82,687 0.3 1,645,241 4.8 496,950 2.0 French........................... 1,880 Dannish......................... 1,352,110 4.1 53,200 0.2 By Freight.................... .. P32.191.779 95.6 P28,673,256 97.9 P24,880,167 97.1 By Mail......................... 1,433,651 4.4 574,075 2.1 726,786 2.9 Total................... . . P33.625.430 100.0 P29,247,331 100.0 P25.606.953 100.0 TRADE WITH THE UNITED STATES AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES Countries December, 1928 Monthly average for December, 1927 12 months ending December, 1928. Value % Value % Value % United States............... .. P42,090,139 74.1 P36,090,406 72.1 P32,762,783 69.4 United Kingdom.......... 1,765,453 3.1 2,237,353 4.4 2,223,459 4. 7 Japan.............................. 3,323,241 4.8 3,432,732 6.8 3,458,086 7.1 China.............................. 1,548,511 2.7 1,056,143 2.0 1,683,012 3.5 French East Indies. .. 988,589 1.7 116,906 0.2 68,963 0.2 Germany........................ 1,655,424 2.9 1,455,694 2.8 1,277,414 2.7 Spain............................... 794,739 1.3 1,597,557 3.1 1,210,945 2.3 Australia......................... 337,482 0.5 354,889 0.6 484,572 0.9 British East Indies. . . 852,133 1.5 1,003,810 1.9 722,143 1.4 Dutch East Indies.. . . 562,211 1.0 678,345 1.3 588,495 1.1 France............................. 681,505 1.2 648,775 1.2 686,721 1.3 Netherlands................... 545,770 1.0 486,567 1.0 338,200 0.6 Italy............................... 344,494 0.6 164,652 0.4 397,867 0.8 Hongkong...................... 168,646 0.3 120,734 0.3 274,520 0.5 Belgium.......................... 372,846 0.7 326,538 0.6 445,342 0.8 Switzerland.................... 223,548 0.4 137,839 0.3 275,807 0.5 J apanese-China............. 90,888 0.2 93,525 0.2 120,089 0.2 Siam............................... 40,054 0.1 90,789 0.2 40,990 0.1 Sweden........................... 106,228 0.2 52,407 0. 1 84,101 0.1 Canada........................... 90,729 0.2 56,452 0.1 97,719 0.1 Norway........................... 98,477 0.2 62,020 0.1 67,675 0 1 Austria........................... 3,112 7,967 18,676 Denmark........................ 34,945 45,509 0. 1 37,499 0 1 Other Countries.......... 131,892 0.3 106,655 0 2 743,086 1 6 Total...................... P56,751,056 100.0 P50,424,264 100.0 P48,108,164 100.0 32 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL February, 1929 BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL DIRECTORY Kerr Steamship Co., Inc. General Agents “SILVER FLEET” Express Freight Services Myers-Buck Co., Inc. Surveying and Mapping PRIVATE MINERAL Philippines-New York via Java AND and Singapore PUBLIC LAND Roosevelt Steamship Agency Agents Chaco Bldg. Phone 2-14-20 316 Carriedo Tel. 2-16-10 Manila, P. I. PHILIPPINES COLD STORES Wholesale and Retail MACLEOD & COMPANY Manila Cebu Vigan Davao Iloilo Exporters of Dealers in American and Australian Hemp and Maguey Refrigerated Produce Agents for STORES AND OFFICES Calle Echague Manila, P. I. INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER CO. Agricultural Machinery fí « ® * “LA URBANA” CHINA BANKING CORPORATION (Sociedad Mútua de Construcción y Préstamos) MANILA, P. I. Préstamos Hipotecarios Inversiones de Capital Domestic and Foreign Banking of Every Description 111 Plaza Sta. Cruz Manila, P. I. HANSON & ORTH, Inc. SALEEBY FIBER CO., INC. Manila, P. I. Fiber Merchants Buyers and Exporters of Hemp and Other Fibers P. O. Box 1423 Manila, P. I. 612-613 Pacific Bldg. Tel. 2-24-18 Room 318, Pacific Building BRANCHES: Cable Address: “SALEFIBER” New York—London—Merida—Davao MADRIGAL & CO. Derham Building Phone 22516 Manila P. O. Box 2103 8 Muelle del Banco Nacional MORTON & ERICKSEN, INC. Manila, P. I. Coal Contractors and Surveyors AMERICAN BUREAU OF SHIPPING Coconut Oil Manufacturers Marine and Cargo Surveyors MILL LOCATED AT CEBU Sworn Measurers Pagarcia^ STA. POTENCIAN A 32 II TEL. 22715 GjTS COLOR PLATES HALF-TONES ZINC-ETCHING FOR RENT:—Store space, Calle David and Dasmariñas, 179 square meters.— Entrances on both streets.—Excellent show windows. Apply, John R. Wil son, Secretary, American Chamber of Commerce, 180 David, Phone 2-11-56. P. O. Box 1394 Telephone 22070 J. A. STIVER Attorney-At-Law Notary Public Certified Public Accountant Investments Collections Income Tax 121 Real, Intramuros Manila, P. I. No Irregularities Society of All Nations, International in Scope, Civic, Educational, Charitable, Fra ternal, Social and Industrial. A Branch in your Community will help its progress in every way. After an existence of six years in the Philippines, the Bureau of the Treasury of the Philippine Government examined the books and records of this organization and found it to be one of the few large fraternal and mutual aid societies without irregular ities or anomalies. Red Rovers of the World of th P. I., Inc. De la Rama Blag. No. 2—Room 23 P. O. Box 1141 Manila, P. I. Mr. MANUEL VALENTIN TAILOR Formerly Chief Cutter for P. B. Florence & Co. 244 Plaza Sta. Cruz Manila, P. I. Phone 2-61-30 The Earnshaws Docks and Honolulu Iron Works Sugar Machinery Slipways Machine Shops Port Area Manila, P. I. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL CORi DE LA > ' ALHAMBRA HALF-A-CORONA EXCELENTES Willamette logging engines are leaders in the forest throughout the world ESPECIALES BELLEZAS PRESIDENTES Etc., Etc. Sturdy Construction: m-argin for the hardest work. This is responsible for the low maintenance cost and remarkably long life of Willamette Yarders. WILLAMETTE Offices and Bodegas in Manila Address inquiries to Manila and Zamboanga or Zamboanga Spare parts carried in stock in Manila and Zamboanga by MEYER-MUZZALL COMPANY 301 Pacific Building, Manila Mr. Businessman Do You Know— That a printed card with your id a picture of layed inside our attract the atctive buyers? re mostly riders . •...t-car advertising is recognized as 3 valuable advertising medium. ■ it a trial, and results will tell. ’full particulars call up B. TIGH ing Manager RJC CuMPANY Telephone 2-19-11 Í Watch For The Name ALHAMBRA On Rings and Labels— It’s Your Protection Alhambra Cigar and Gigarette Mfg. 31 Tayuman Manila, IM I TA TED BUT NEVER EQUALLEL VENN'S PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OP COMMERC RICAN iBER OF CO. WILD WEST SHOW! A vivid presentation of the bloody struggles - tragedies—passions and romance of the conquest of the wild and wooly West. Presented with all its thrilling details by the UNITED STATES ARMY 1929 CARNIVAL COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL FAIR AND EXPOSITION From January 26 to February 10 HITT’S FIREWORKS SPECTACLE will present the HISTORY of the PHILIPPINES in a Pageant of Flames GLORIOUS NIGHTS IN THE AUDITORIUM 26,000 square feet of highly polished floor illuminated with true Oriental splendor Don’t fail to take the “PASEO DE LAS ISLAS” Learn in one hour what you would in months of travel! See the Igorots, Kalingas, Moros, Manobos, Bagobos and other non-christian tr; about their work and merrymaking in their natural habitat! Skating Rink New hardwood floor. New roller skates. The Most Complete Exposition OF THE Commerce, Industry and Natural Resources of the Islands Side ING TO ADVERTISEMENTS FLEASE MENTION THE A/ r -----I SPREADING YOUR RISKSThe keen businessman diversifies his investments both geographically and by types, not alone to avoid possible adverse conditions in some single industry or section of the world, but also to share more widely in those favorable developments which strengthen investment holding and make them more valuable. WE SUGGEST Pittsburgh Hotels Corporation— 5J^% Sinking Fund Gold Bonds, due March 1, 1948, yielding approximately................................ 5%% Chile Copper Co.— 20-Year Gold Debentures, due 1947, yielding approximately............................................................... Cities Service, Power and Light Company— 5J^% Gold Debentures, due November 1, 1952, yielding approximately.......................................... 5.65% German Central Bank for Agriculture Farm Loan— Secured 6% Sinking Fund Bonds, due October 15, 1960, yielding approximately.......................... Columbia Steel Corporation— First Mortgage Sinking Fund Gold Bonds 5J^% yielding approximately......................................... 5^2% Norwegian Hydro-Electric Corporation— Gold Bonds—Series A—5^2%, due 1957, to yield approximately....................................................... 6.12% Commonwealth of Australia External Loan— 30-Year 5% Gold Bonds, due September 1, 1957, yielding approximately........................................ 5.125% General Electric Co., Germany— 20-Year 6% Gold Sinking Fund Debentures, due May 1, 1948, yielding approximately............. 6^% The average yield on the above list is approximately 6% Full Details On Request INTERNATIONAL BANKING CORPORATION RIU HERMANOS-623-ESCOLTA-623 I R ANK (,. IIAUGIIWOLT Biological Laboratory 915 M. H. del Pilar Manila, P. I. -il, BIj.mL Ur.n? 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