American Chamber of Commerce Journal Volume 9 (No. 5) May 1929

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Part of The American Chamber of Commerce Journal

Title: American Chamber of Commerce Journal Volume 9 (No. 5) May 1929
Issue Date: Volume 9 (Issue No. 5) May 1929
Year: 1929
Language: English
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extracted text: MAY, 1929 Looking Back to Dewey. The New El posed Court of Appeals, A Suggested 10,000 Hectare Pineapple Reservation in Bukidnon. Hollywood Whoopee in Ma nila. Monthly Features, Special Articles and the Customary Commercial Reviews Alternative. The New Health “Drive”. • PREEMINENT • IN • THE • PHILIPPINES by Gilbert S. Perez. Editorial: The Pro Dorado. The Coconut Industry. Poems A jé IHI .1 > ■1 ■ £ L Í :■ * i TABACALERA The word “TABACALERA" on silver D.B.5ANTO5 I £ -i i 1 * ? 4 on a cigar is just as significant as the word “Sterling” Your tobacconist will gladly supply you Í 8 Goodrich de Luxe The Super Tire Is practically proof against all ac cidents of the road. It is built to resist cuts, blows and bruises. Ask the Goodrich dealer GOODRICH AIR CONTAINERS ‘ Puncture Proof Tubes will get you ) there and back without a flat tire i o r IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION TEE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOUR May, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 1 Universally Popular! They’re His Weakness now! cTVlanila HOW TO GET EM! Genuine Manila Hand Made Long Filler Cigars Are Obtainable From Dealers in Your City Or Nearby! SURE TO PLEASE YOU. CONVINCE YOURSELF WITH A BOX ORDER List of Distributors Furnished on Request Address: CHARLES A. BOND Philippine Tobacco Agent 15 William Street, New York City, U. S. A. o r THE COLLECTOR OF INTERNAL REVENUE Manila, P. I. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 2 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL May, 1929 CORONAS DE LA ALHAMBRA HALF-A-CORONA EXCELENTES ESPECIALES BELLEZAS YOUR LOGGING PROBLEM PRESIDENTES Etc., Etc. can be solved readily by some type of WASHINGTON LOGGING ENGINE The Washington Simplex Yarder above leads all Yarders in ease of operation and low cost of upkeep. Washington Iron Works, Seattle, U. S. A. Agents for the Philippine Islands The Edward J. Nell Co., Ltd.,—Manila. WASHINGTON ENGINES Over 100,000 Passengers Carried Daily By MERALCO Street-Cars and Busses Watch For The Name ALHAMBRA On Rings and Labels— It’s Your Protection A High - class Advertising Medium Alhambra Cigar and Gigarette Mfg. Co. 31 Tayuman Manila, P. I. Telephone A. g TIGH 2-19-11 Advertising Manager ¡ /Ml TA TED BUT NEVER EQUALLED! IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY The American Chamber of Gommerce OF THE Philippine Islands (Member Chamber of Commerce of the United States) ENTERED AS SECOND CLASS MATTER May 25, 1921, at the POST OFFICE AT MANILA, P. I. Local Subscription: P4.00 per year Foreign Subscription: $3.00 U. S. Currency, per year Single Copies: 35 Centavos WALTER ROBB, Editor and Manager DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS P. A. Meyer, President H. M. Cavender, Vice-President John W. Haussermann, Vice-President B. A. Green, Treasurer H. L. Heath W. L. Applegate J. C. Rockwell Kenneth B. Day Alf Welhaven ALTERNATE DIRECTORS J. L. Headington A. B. Cresap Frank W. Butler Wm. H. Rennolds John R. Wilson, Secretary E. E. Selph, General Counsel EXECUTIVE P. A. Meyer, Chairman H. M. Cavender H. L. Heath COMMITTEES FINANCE J. L. Headington, Chairman Wm. H. Rennolds F. W. Butler RELIEF W. J. Odom, Chairman Carl Hess John Gordon MANUFACTURING P. A. Meyer, Chairman Alf Welhaven E. A. Seidenspinner LEGISLATIVE P. A. Meyer, Chairman Frank B. Ingersoll J. R. Wilson FOREIGN TRADE H. B. Pond, Chairman L. L. Spellman M. M. Saleeby PUBLICATIONS P. A. Meyer, Chairman Roy C. Bennett BANKING AND CURRENCY Stanley Williams, Chair man W. J. Shaw RECEPTION AND ENTERTAINMENT J. L. Headington, Chair man F. W. Butler J. R. Wilson HOUSE B. A. Green, Chairman J. R. Wilson LIBRARY John Gordon, Chairman SHIPPING H.M. Cavender, Chairman G. P. Bradford L. E. Nantz INVESTMENTS P. A. Meyer, Chairman H. M. Cavender B. A. Green Thirty-One Years After It Made History Oh, dewy ivas the morning, in the month of May, And Dewey was the admiral at Manila bay; And dewy were the Regent's eyes, those orbs of royal blue—• And do we feel discouraged? I do not think we do! Walt Mason, Kansan, speaking, in the Emporia Gazette, the jingle that all America was soon singing, thirty-one years ago this month, in celebration of a marine engagement which has a special significance in this city, off whose shores it was fought between Montojo and the Spanish fleet and Dewey and the American. Dewey was first a hero, then married and forfeited his popularity; and went down to Charon’s ferry with the retired men and became an effigy on a pedestal and a chapter in world and national history. He was a prudent and courageous commander, a man always half at sea on land duty and in diplomacy, it would seem—with hardly any faculty for posing and getting along well with the press, which is not al together, if at all, to his discredit. He had asked for the Asiatic command, he had wanted to manage the business which he saw looming at Manila, and he was gallant and humane in carrying out what he undertook. His victory in the bay, May 1, 1898, led naturally to the blockade, which led to the military occupation, August 13, 1898, which culminated in the acquisition of the Philippines by America and the undertaking on her part of the political experiment she is still engaged in—in the typically uncertain and desultory fashion which characterizes her during periods when she is not stirred up nor provoked to summary measures. More may be said with historical accuracy of Dewey, when the venture is finally brought to conclusion. This much may be said now, Dewey’s achievement revived overseas-mindedness in America: the idea still strug gles against the immensity of the American hinterland, but it is at least rooted in the universities, perhaps even in the high schools, and it will probably survive and eventually annihilate national provincialism. Sim ilarly the Philippines are affected: they are now quite conscious of America, they are commencing to be aware of the orient and of the world generally. Then it surely may be said that Dewey sounded the sunset gun of their oldtime isolation and medieval somnolence. Americans justly esteem George Dewey, the Vermont youth who, plans for West Point miscarrying, chose Annapolis and a career on the sea. Nor does Spain have cause to honor Montojo less—the man who, knowing his fleet outclassed, proffered what resistance he could. With this man, many Filipinos, true to the traditions of Manila men, shared heroism with Spaniards. Montojo’s fleet was salvaged by the Americans in 1903, and when the ships were repaired and recommissioned they went into active service, notably in the Yangtze patrol, where they are just now being replaced. But Montojo sunk them, Dewey only damaging them, in the battle. Montojo did not await the final coup. “Their ports and compartments opened to admit the green water of the bay of Manila,” says a record contemporary with the raising of the vessels, “and carrying many of their crew with them, the Spanish fleet in Asiatic waters went to the bottom. ... At a disadvantage impossible to overcome, the Spaniards did not wait for the inevitable defeat and cap ture but anticipated the Americans and destroyed their own vessels! “After five years of oblivion underneath the waters, the vessels have been raised to the surface through the genius of an American wrecking Ford iy¿-Ton Truck (Factory Rating) with front bumper and extra wheel-chassis only Pl,695.00 cash (Ex. Manila Bodega) Ford Model “AA” Trucks for Immediate Delivery! EW SHIPMENTS arriving this month make it possible for us to offer imme diate delivery on Model “AA” Ford Trucks. PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW! Easy Terms May be Arranged. “After We Sell We Serve” MANILA TRADING & SUPPLY CO. MANILA Iloilo Cebu Bacolod IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 4 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL May, 1929 company, and the truth disclosed. The Spanish ships of war do not bear the mark of one American shell near or below their water lines. . . For several years after the American occupation no attempt was made to raise the sunken Spanish vessels, although they impeded the free navigation of Cavite bay. Finally, however, the government advertised for bids for raising the vessels. Four companies in all undertook the work and failed.” One of these was a Chinese company, another a Hongkong company. Captain C. F. Garry, oldtimer in such work, and Captain Couden of the navy are the men who succeeded. “According to the official reports of Admiral Montojo the vessels were set on fire by the shells of the American squadron, and were afterwards scuttled by his orders when resistance was impossible.” The company which raised the ships was the Philippine Salvage As sociation, John Macleod, president, Captain Garry, manager. Admiral Montojo’s watch was found on his flagship, the Maria Cristina, salvaged to be converted into a collier. Time to be Getting Philippine Paintings The art which finds expression with brush and canvas underwent a long eclipse with the end of the old regime and the advent of the new in the Rivera y Mir ¡ Lighting Up Philippines: there is a vacuity, almost, of thirty years between Luna of the Spanish period and Amorsolo of the American. There is also, between the subjects these men choose, the natural contrast to be expected. But that is a theme apart, to be gone into a little more before comment is ventured. It is enough to say here that Fernando Amorsolo chooses typical Philip pine subjects, those of the commonest observa tion of everyone: a peasant girl, a rural scene, a cochero. Admirers are commencing to ac quire Amor solos, and it is time they did so. He does more than depict the likeness, he imbues his subjects with that pleasant dreamy soul which is their heritage. At leisure, look his work over. It is well worth having. Fernando Amorsolo was graduated from the Philippine School of Fine Arts in 1914 and is now an instructor there. He first exhibited in 1908 and has been drudging away eve^ since, lately finding customers, chiefly Americans, for his product. He probably has not attained his utmost height in expression: he fancies the individualism of Chinese and Japanese pictorial art and thinks Philippine art may eventually acquire a racial distinction. His effort in con junction with his better known colleagues in Manila to establish a society of artists failed for lack of funds and public interest. It was too early. But he is yet in his prime, hope lies Fernando Amorsolo The Ferry ahead. He produces prodigiously. There are enough of these youngsters doing occasional really good pieces to support the Art Store on Rizal avenue, which is quite worth a visit any time. Another ambitious artist is a connecting link between old times and new, Vicente Rivera y Mir, who plans introducing action study in the fine arts school next year, a course which re quires observation of people in everyday life; so you see the creative desire actually exists. Rivera was about to be pensioned to Europe when the Americans came, which ended the plan. His Fisherman of Tondo received second honors at St. Louis; he has enjoyed first honors in local exhibitions, including portrait painting in the Carnival competition of last year. He advocates pensioning only mature artists to go abroad, and thinks the youthful ones too much inclined to enjoyment and wasting opportunities. He believes artists could be advantageously employed in the beautifying of Manila. And pray why not the provinces, where youth might well receive other esthetic inspirations than unkempt plazas and glaring tin roofs? Jorge Pineda does lithograph subjects to keep rice in the pot and fish in the ulam, but hankers for landscapes and plans some day to give all his time to them. They are nowhere more abundant and inviting than in these islands, he will find studies on every hand. Thus a number of artists are beginning, and no one may predict how far one and another of them will go, now that the government displays intermittent symptoms of interest and the painters who have proved worthwhile are commencing to have customers. The movement is timely. Some thing is taking hold on the people with a tonic effect, and it ought to be recorded. CAPTAIN CALVO Premier Filipino aviator used— SDCONY MOTOR OILS AND MOTOR GASOLINE ON HIS MANILA — APARRI — MANILA FLIGHT I i IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL May, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 5 Gigantic Bukidnon Grant for Pineapples The Law in the Case Upon recommendation by the Secre tary of Agriculture and Natural Re sources, the Governor-General may, by proclamation, designate any tract or tracts of land of the public domain for the establishment of agricultural colonies; and although the disposition of the land to the colonists shall be made under the provisions of this Act, yet while the Government shall have the supervision and management of said colonies, the Secretary of Agri culture and Natural Resources may make the necessary rules and regula tions for the organization and internal administration of the same. The Secretary of Agriculture and Natural Resources may also, under conditions to be established by the Legis lature, turn over a colony so reserved to any person or corporation, in order that such person or corporation may clear, break, and prepare for cultiva tion the lands of said colony and estab lish the necessary irrigation system and suitable roads and fences; but final disposition shall be made of the land in accordance with the provisions of this Act, subject, however, to such conditions as the Legislature may establish for the reimbursement of the expense incurred in putting such lands in condition for cultivation: Provided, That the Legislature may direct that such land so prepared for cultivation may be disposed of only by sale or lease.—Act 2874 Section\83. The Philippines are to have a brand new farm industry, pineapples in Bukidnon. Yes, sir. Arrangements have been effected with the Philippine Packers Association, local subsidiary of the California Packers Association, and the Alunan plan is to be tried in northern Mindanao for all it is worth. No half-way measures go. The company already has a seed plot of 150 hectares or thereabout, on which pineapples are growing, and the government, on its part, has set aside a reservation of 14,054 hectares. This is 35,130 acres, 35 times the area the land law allows to go to a single farm corporation. It is in fact a very respectable area, as farms usually go: it is the equivalent, of 54 sections of land, more than a township by 28 full sections and a little to spare. This is another of the wonderful ventures which took form during Colonel Stimson’s governorship, which is being carried out now. It is one of those things in which the Stimson administration felt itself so right that perfect frankness with the public seemed unnecessary. If the press learned much, it said little enough— there wasn’t much airing of the plans. Colonel Stimson found a great deal of public opinion here, he says, and he displayed a wholesome respect for it by doing many things in a quiet effective way which didn’t attract its attention. This is one of them. But the actual proclaiming of the reservation has been done by Governor Gilmore. The agriculture undersecretary, too, has been vice gerent for the secretary, who is in Washington. But the great names associated with the in novation are those of Stimson and Alunan, in the executive branch; and those of the advocates of the amended corporation law, in tfye legisla tive. As history is being dated, it is well to record this fact. Much skepticism prevails, but if the scheme succeeds it will establish a new and extensive farm community in Bukidnon and afford em ployment to thousands of families. La Van guardia, not among the scoffers, applauds the scheme in its issue of April 25, sees in it relief of the peasantry from hunger, political eman cipation for the islands, and the means of divert ing the stream of emigrants from Hawaii and the western States to the uncultivated lands of the islands. The plan is very simple. As ascertained thus far, it is this: Money will come from the packers association, that is, from California. Fishermen of Tondo Rivera y Mir Filipino settlers, farm-school graduates pre ferred, will take up claims of 144 hectares each, such a tract being 360 acres or a half-section and a 40-acre pasture over. Paying for this land, the settlers will be granted titles from the government. Each settler, working with hundreds of tenants or hired men, will seed his land to pineapples: the packers association fur nishing the seed, money, etc. When there is a harvest, the settlers will sell their pineapples to the only buyers, the packers association, which will erect a huge factory, can the pine apples, and ship them all over the world. This, in the rough, is the scheme which will put into pineapple cultivation, very soon, such a large slice of Bukidnon lands lying along the Agusan river. Alas, that there should be doub ters! Nevertheless, there are men of experience who feel that the settlers will tend to fail of their ambitions, and that the land will tend to fall into the hands of the pineapple corporation. As to this and a number of other possibilities, only time can tell. In Hawaii the same interests have about 6,000 acres. The largest company, the Hawaiian Packers Association, owns an island and had last year an output of upward of three million cases of pineapples from 22,000 acres. That employs many hands. So it may be seen that when 25,000 acres are in pine apples in the Philippines, many hands will also be employed here. A brand new industry. Yes, sir. In the making. Retail túne American Wholesa Importers • Agents BOTICA BOIE ° MANILA Heavy Chemicals—Fertilizer—Manufacturers We have been selling drugs for 98 years IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 6 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL May, 1929 Hollywood Whoopee in Manila Goodness, gracious! Here are gorgeous tem ples rising aloft on every hand and the choicest business blocks, and to what cult? Who are their vestals, what their oracles, who their high priests? One is the Lyric, another the Rialto, another the Ideal, another the Savoy, another the Columbia; and skirting the very plaza of Sta. Cruz parish church are three more, the Tivoli, the Majestic, the Palace. Their names give them away, are indeed catchy notices to the public that here are spectacles to see; and all night long their vigils are aflare, so that the dark is turned day and a livid light thrusts back the arc of shadowed heaven. For all this splendor, how many worshipers: what votive gifts to fur nish out such shrines. Yea, truly spoken. In the parlance of the times, it’s all good business. The cult exploited in these handsome piles is a profane cult, e’en a vulgar one: the cult of the Hollywood movies—the circusses, if not the bread, of a democracy resurgent and eminently up and coming all over this populous world. It’s a force to be dealt with; and tariffs, an expe dient denied to moralists in the Philippines, seem not to be sufficient to keep it down. Up it bobs in England, South Africa—everywhere. And where it goes, gaudier and gaudier temples rise in its popular honor: none is so poor but to do it reverence, to turn a familiar phrase about. Moralists worry, but the crowd laughs and goes to the show. Even France, nursemaid of drama, wants Hollywood importations cut about 60%, with reciprocal arrangements for French films in America; and II Duce is worried in Italy. This Hollywood movie—it’s almost an avangel! In South America particularly, members of the substantial class who have always boasted they were the state but who have looked back too much toward Europe, sit in their clubs and deplore the Hollywood movies and the degradation of the times. They wonder what will happen to countries as eager as theirs to applaud the trick sters of the screen, who contrive such prodigious exhibitions. We have these pessimists in Manila, too. Their anxiety harks back, of course, to periods when the theater—from which they don’t dis tinguish the screen, apparently—boded no good to the gods of things as they are when the theme on the boards was one to crowd the galleries. Why can’t people shun the movies and patronize musicals and applaud the pageants of their betters, or sit quietly at home of evenings and read Guest, Kyne and the author of Riders of the Purple Sage in the original? The answer is, people don’t have to! That answer explains, does it not, the new Lyric, peerless among Escolta (Main street) buildings?—and the Rialto, similar ly dominating in its spacious beauty on Rizal avenue? More will come. Be not surprised if the Savoy dons new architectural garments (and its vaudeville girls don fewer and scantier), or any of the rest. Yes, there really is an evangel of the movies; it is not blasphemy to say so; and neophytes of native peoples easily pleased, make their nightly pilgrimages to the box offices. Why? What is the charm, the mystery, the promise? Where is the lodestone hidden? Wherein lies the oracular power of the picture puppets? Foolish ques tions, if one is at all crowd-minded. Every picture is a delphic promise, mystic with possi bilities to every beholder. Hollywood movies, anyone may observe, are of, for and by the crowd: they are the celluloid version in manifold of an allocution uttered at Gettysburg by a mystic who came up from the crowd and whom the crowd will never cease to venerate: “of the people, for the people ...” Lincoln felt for the people, the Hollywood movies flatter them; wide though the contrast, the primary concern of the statesman was, and that of the picture star is, the people. Maybe Lin coln would have enjoyed the movies, he did enjoy what went for them in his day and' vicinity: camp meeting, county fairs, barbecues. He was exceedingly fond of the theater, too. The Fletchers in buskins, the Johnsons in socks, of his day, were his friends; and he was both a student and patron of their art. His career is a super feature for the films. The rail splitter who made good in such a glorious way! One may question Hollywood’s ethics easier than he may its psychology, which is quite irreproachable. The crowd, which Hollywood proposes to please as a good business proposi tion, is made up of underdogs. Ain't it the truth? In the Hollywood movies, naturally, the underdog always comes out on top. But The Lyric is cooled and ventilated indirectly by means of these false windows lordy, intransigents! fear not if he does. His triumphs are always those of copybook upright ness. The crook is always either caught and publicly disgraced and punished, or made repent ant by adversity; the Hollywood movies always flicker out the admonishment, Honesty is the best policy. In them, cruel authority, parental or what-not, is always defied until it comes to its senses and moderates its severity: the eloping couple is forgiven, the erring wife had good and sufficient reason—beauty, for one thing!—and the effeminate son turns out at last the real pride of the family, one whom Dad is glad to acclaim a chip off the old block! Far from there being anything subversive in such preachments, they are a positive public good; they reach the discouraged ego of adole scence (and fellows down on their luck) with stimulating pluck and hope just when they need this illusion most; and they don’t hurt anyone who is already plentifully supplied with what they offer. Hollywood movies are a cult of nonquitters and nonwelchers. Their forest rangers are not only handsome and heroic, they are as devoted to the trees they guard as the Author of the forest himself is. They have a lot of mean cdwboys, but their coleagues who are Gee, ItMakes ASonnet! The movies first of all are pop ular, Their dairymaidish whimsies woo the crowd That feels not humor till it laughs out loud At wit, quite witless unless ocular, That comes to be, in shadow, jocular— Like oldtime crooking of our uncle’s fingers ’Twixt light and wall made shows whose memory lingers, Of prankish shades with bodies globular. In brief, the movies recapitulate Our childhood years, of all our years the best Remembered in our grown-up prime— Are you too proud tonight to sit you late, When to the show you’ve hur ried with the rest, To see a tale unreel of once upon a time? loyal to the ranch always baffle the rougues in the end. Hollywood movies discover shining virtues beneath rough exteriors, but the crowd knows of Exhibits a-b-c in support of cases like this. Hollywood is strictly for property, and usually bestows a generous portion of it on one or more deserving young couples before the fadeout shows the hero and the heroine in each other’s arms. Work hard, keep your wits about you, make good and win a lovely girl’s true love (or a hand some man’s)—that’s what the Hollywood film copybook says over and over again: the old story that never grows old! Demoralizing? Whyr Hollywood movies are no more demoralizing than the boss’s announcement of a raise in one’s salary; or, on nearing one’s vine and fig tree in a row of tenements, the smell of a hearty supper and the song of a comely wife. They’re not at all demoralizing; they’re exhilarating, rejuve nating; they are cheer leaders. They are some what rough on traditions, a new cult replacing an old one, but there is nothing in them but what encourages men (of the crowd) to work hard and build good homes, to which they retire early and sober, and women to adorn those homes and comfort those men with their ador able and indispensable presence, when, and as long as, they are appreciated in them. Holly wood life may be on the loose, but Hollywood movies are as orthodox as a stump speech on the Iowa hustings. So that explains, partially, the prosperity of the movie business in Manila. It is somewhat confounding to the theory that east is east and west is west and never the twain shall meet, but that is just a theory, and the movies are very positively a fact. They say we’re to have even the talkies in the new Lyric. Fine! Out at Binangonan recently, some little boys guided us up Monte Calvario, where a cross was planted, and in returning one of them slipped and started tumbling down hill. But, with a proud excla mation,—Douglas Fairbanks!—he righted him self and fell into step again. Inquiry prompted by the incident revealed a surprising village familiarity with the stars that made Hollywood famous and are keeping up her professional repute. Names were murmured: Clara Bow, Greta Garbo, Lilian Gish, Aileen Pringle, Buster Keaton, Charlie Chaplin, Harold Lloyd. They are the Americans best known in Binangonan, if not the only ones, Chaplin among them. But is it so bad? It isn’t. It isn’t even unique. It’s natural, has innumerable analogies in his tory and is quite all right. May, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 7 U. S. Cuts Island Mortality More Than Half Well, we’re in for it again—another energetic spinster has been visiting our islands, she wants some thing done about them, something respecting health. Her name is Sally Lucas Jean. Tall, well poised, cultured to her finger tips, the fire of a consuming cause in her brown Maryland eyes, her “Fido, have you had imperious wi)1 wiH be your vitamins? obeyed: things will be done, more things than have been done heretofore, respecting health. Besides, she has left a valiant lieutenant behind, right in our midst and on a two-year contract—Miss Edna Gerken: who hails from Kansas and is as persistent as a prairie settler or a Kansas breeze. Spinster, again—irrepressible in trim ming the tapers of civilization. The single-blessedness of these ladies is not cited derogatorily, but only to explain them. Talk to either of them, or rather, listen—they soon persuade you: they are devoted, as a mother to her child, to the careers they have espoused, and the islands are to benefit from the fact. Miss Jean is a health education consultant, the only one in the United States, if not in the world; she is the pioneer in a profession her own talent created. Miss Gerken has been associated with her in this work elsewhere, and has now taken on with the Philippine government for two years. Miss Jean is secretary of the health education branch of the world federation of education asso ciations; as such, she is familiar with what is being done in health education throughout the world; she describes what has been done here as marvelous, what remains to be done as stupendous. She’s a mistress of ready palaver, what southern girl isn’t? Besides, she has to be—she has to get her oar in first and set the stroke: she has to “Now wash your teeth!” lead peoples and officials along with the enlight ening and encouraging word. But she finds in Manila another efficient spin ster, Miss Elvessa Stewart, head of the home economics division of the education bureau, whom she praises as Miss Stewart deserves to be praised. “Why!” she exclaims, "We find so much to build on! So much that we would have recommended is already done! Miss Stewart is a remarkable woman, not half enough appreciated in Manila, I’m afraid. I could place her where she would get four and five times as much as she is receiving here, she is so capable.” Now, it’s mighty pleasing to meet an itinerant expert such as Miss Jean, and have her say such worthy things about an oldtimer in the civil service here. For most perdiemists—may they be called that?—seem to feel that their principal duty is to deprecate every thing that has been done here in their line, particularly everything done by an oldtimer and regular encumbent. Miss Jean proposes to tear down nothing, but to build on the marvelous foundation she finds already in position for the super-structure. The job is, health education. It involves coordina tion of the health service with the education bureau; and with the agriculture bureau, espe cially with the research work of Mrs. Sherman; and with the science bureau in many of its activ ities. It seeks approval from the press, the free use of column space; it counts upon hearty cooperation from community leaders, from the governor general and the senate president down. It expects sufficient funds, which have been promised. It relies upon right examples being set, of which it has been assured. To what end? To the end that children gen erally will be better cared for in the Philippines, that men and women will maintain higher stand ards of health—that lives shall be prolonged and the yearly mortality rate reduced. Isn’t that an old story to you, oldtimer? How often have you heard it, first from Doc Heiser and Dean Worcester, always from the missio naries, now from these embattled spinsters. For more than twenty years the domestic science teachers have been harping the same chord. All right, what if they have?—what if the tune is old? You too, on occasion, have gone about the provinces with a kit of medicine amongst your dunnage; and you yourself, a hardboiled hombre, have stopped and told a worried tao woman how to care for her fevered child. Don’t deny it, there’s nothing shameful in it. Besides, it’s nothing you could help: the journalist who visited the Philippines and returned to his paper to say that all Americans in the islands are mis sionaries, struck a stout nail square on the head. They’re different kinds, that’s all. But it is the pride of all of them that the islands’ population has doubled from natural increase alone, during the past thirty years. They also hail insular champions where superiority depends upon physique or involves healthful living. Actual accom plishment will fall short of Miss Jean’s and Miss Gerken’s expectations: Miss Stewart may not be equally sanguine. But there will be progress in the task of educating girls to be more intelli gent mothers: to provide really wholesome meals as housewives, to contrive a diet for children between the ages of 1 and 5. For here is where, it is understood, emphasis will be placed —on the diningroom regimen and the dietary of children. “Now don’t go licking all-day suckers!” The fault may rest with your diet, if so Luzon Stevedoring Co., Inc. Discard those heavy indigestible meals and (1) Eat sparingly of meat— (2) Let fresh vegetables and ripe fruit form the bulk of your diet (3) And, above all, drink plenty of rich nourishing “BEAR” BRAND NATURAL MILK Lightering, Marine Contractors Towboats, Launches, Waterboats Shipbuilders and Provisions The Ideal Milk for the Tropics— being the sterilized product of the world’s finest cows fed on the verdant pastures of Emmenthal Valley, Switzerland! SOLD EVERYWHERE IN LARGE AND SMALL CANS SIMMIE & GRILK Phone 2-16-61 Port Area IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 8 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL May, 1929 Balderdash! one is tempted to say, seeing scarce any change in household customs among the people. But there is change. When Amer ica began, mortality in these islands was more than 50 per 1,000 yearly. Now it is just over 20. Literally, therefore, millions of lives have been prolonged. This phase of American culture has taken hold of the people in a remarkable way. It isn’t a vain spinterian notion. Miss Jean expects that beriberi may be conquered in five years; it now claims 20,000 victims a year, mostly children. Malaria causes 24,000 deaths a year; it’s depredations can be minimized by simple household precautions—-a matter of health education. Tuberculosis is increasing, it takes off 30,000 persons a year; yet it is an easily preventable disease; everyone has it, that is, gets it repeatedly, but proper diet and hygienic measures throw it off. The number of deaths from it in Manila yearly is 2,000. Many are children. Yet Dr. Rebecca Parish at Mary J. Johnston Memorial hospital (whose name ought never be mentioned in Manila save with a benediction) has nursed back to health the most stubborn cases—withy the help of her untiring staff. Miss Jean was here three months; she had only her expenses from the government, and she has gone to China and Japan, on her way back to America, on similar missions. Miss Gerken is of course on salary; she’s a Belo girl among the several Belo boys on the payroll. Miss Jean’s suggestions, made after wide travel in the is lands, merely to observe, have been reduced to memoranda and conference talks, and lectures she gave prior to her departure. In the light of them the health education course in the educa tion bureau will be revised, and it is understood she will make a biennial visit to keep in touch with what is being done. Lives are still literally wasted in the Philip pines, children are still the victims by thousands, of parental ignorance. Poverty intervenes ex ceedingly, to prevent even the care that unin structed mothers know how to give. Total deaths are 230,000 a year. Take Occidental Negros, for example, that feudal principality where one would expect better things; for it is Colonel Stimson’s beau ideal among the prov inces, whence he drew the barons to head the agriculture department. Its population is 400,000; its deaths are 12,277 a year; which is upeard of 30 per 1,000 inhabitants and some 50% above the average mortality for the islands. Other details are regrettable, but maybe giving some of them will do some good; 2,772 Negros babies die under one year old; 870 more die before their second birthday arrives; 1,440 more die before reaching their third birthday; 977 more die before reaching their fourth birthday; 680 more die before reaching their fifth birthday; 888 more die between their 5th and 10th birth days, 307 more between their 11th and 14th birthdays, and 255 more before reaching their 20th birthday. Here are 8,189 boys and girls a year,'permanently disposed of before attaining an age fitting them to work in the cane fields. It’s an industrial waste which the celebrated prowess Ipo Gulch Thirty Miles From Manila Is El Dorado A new gold strike! On the headwaters of the Angat river, thirty miles from Manila, where the roaring stream has excavated through the mountains the Ipo gulch, through which it pours toward the sea, they have found upward of twenty veins of pay dirt! The ore assays indicate this to be a fabulous strike, even the ore taken at the surface is high-grade (some of it so rich that men hesitate to believe), while it is a proved fact that the deeper mines go in veins of Philippine ore, the richer the ore becomes. Some of the veins are very wide, their depth is not known. Some of them are no more than arm’s length in width, and their depth is not known. But break up a piece at random, pan it, and there is gold. The veins seem to spread fan wise, and converge fan wise toward a prom inent peak. Be not surprised if here be found an El Dorado. The discoverers are convinced of it. T. Euwaki, mining engineer, who knows the Benguet mines—Balatok and Antamok—-and knows the Syndicate mines in Masbate, is the engineer on this project and confident it is the biggest of Negrenses hasn’t got round to as yet. It indicates, besides being utterly astounding, what obvious talking points there are for health education. If such conditions prevail now, what must they have been in 1898. It’s a task to plug away at incessantly. The devotion of many women must go into it. Miss Jean has the faculty of inspiring them to effort, being so downright honest and earnest in what she says and asks for. She has asked the governor, the senate president, the university president and many other bigwigs of officialdom to set the fashion in using unpolished rice at their own tables. They have meekly promised to do so! Thus she begins the assault on beriberi. Five years hence. . . well, who knows? The women marshalled, and they know what they want. It would be a rash prophet who would say they won’t get it. strike made thus far in the Philippines. He thinks it may prove to be the biggest gold mine in the orient; he will not be surprised if it runs half a billion dollars. How busy he is! How excited he is! With his geologist’s hammer, his panning outfit, his transit men, scouting about on the hills—finding new outcrops, new veins, and staking new claims! The gold already in sight will pay all the ex penses of developing the mine and return divi dends besides. The road being built for the Metropolitan Water District, gives access to the mine site with only the addition of a short spur. Even if this were not available, the site would be comparatively accessible. Here every fortuitous circumstance combines in a most romantic discovery. George Cushing, who made the discovery, found that the very boulders in the river are gold, running $7 to $10 a ton, well above the minimum for profit. All things in the Philippines being sui generis, there has been no gold rush. Manila has been “Whew! But it’s hot”! So everybody says everywhere during this season of the year—and they will keep on saying it until they seek relief in the refreshing and steady wind from— Robbins StMvexsFans Telephone us about ROBBINS & MYERS Fans. We’ll deliver on the run. We sell all kinds of these grand breezers. ELMAC. INC. 627 RIZAL AVE. MANILA PHONE 2-35-33 ^''OR office and street wear this model is a favorite with most men. Roomy, neat, well designed and made of fine materials through out. See them at any HIKE store. Wear a pair for comfort. HIKE SHOE FACTORY S tyle Crea tors 286 San Marcelino Manila, P. I. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL May, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 9 spared that anguishing experience, that terrify ing excitement under which the preacher leaves his pulpit, the saloon keeper his bar, the pro fessional man his desk, the clerk his weary counter, the truck man his auto wheel, the plumber his extortions, the Magdalen her parlor, the washerwoman her tub, and high and low and rich and poor go seeking gold. So it would be in western America, and the pen could not describe it. But in the Philippines, in the very environs of Manila, nothing of this occurs. The story is read in the newspapers, and dis credited 1 Even the first story, Frank Sherman’s, in the Bulletin, takes pains to say that the bonanza has already been covered by claims already filed with the government. That wouldn’t stop them in America. They would get as close as they could with their claims; they would stake everywhere, and hang on . . . and hope. In Manila, they don’t. They don’t play fortune that way. Whose is the new gold property? It belongs to officials and employes, Americans and Fili pinos, of the Atlantic, Gulf and Pacific Com pany, Wm. J. Shaw, president. The property was discovered by George Cushing, tunnel foreman on an A-G. & P. engineering job for the water company. The engineering company is tunneling under the mountains for the water company, from the proposed dam site on the upper Angat to a point this side of the mountains, a distance of seven kilometers. The hither tunnel head is at BictiIpo, the thither at Ipo. Last year a foreman on the Ipo end was needed, since they are tunnel ing from both ends, and Cushing got the job. He took Mrs. Cushing out there with him. They are just a young adventurous couple, and she stayed there, maintaining for her husband a cheerful home. Their cottage is far down the mountain slope; it perches on the bank of the Angat just above high water, and the scene is up and down the river. Mrs. Cushing could sit at her window on holidays, and see her husband prospecting down the gulch. It is a pretty place, but lonesome if you hanker for the company of your kind. If you are like Mrs. Cushing, it is a paradise: all the pets you want, all the flowers from the wild hills, and the P. I. Gold Exports 1899 ................................ S 2,426,655 1900 ................................ 5.915 1901 ................................ 9i 100 1902 ................................ 222 1903 ................................ 100 1904 ................................ 6,335 1905 ................................. 10,598 1906 ................................ 5,760 1907 ................................ 93,824 1908 ................................ 217,250 1909 ................................ 247,597 1910 ................................ 154,430 1911 ................................ 189,953 1912 ................................ 570,212 1913 ................................ 818,362 1914 ................................ 1,210,482 1915 ................................ 1,305,991 1916 ................................ 1,493,559 1917 ................................ 2,350,552 1918 ................................ 936,869 1919 ................................ 971,576 1920 ................................ 1,171,943 1921 ................................ 1,330,688 1922 ................................ 1,450,429 1923 ................................ 1,681,605 1924 ................................ 1,736,932 1925 ................................ 1,938,902 1926 ................................ 1,941,555 1927 ................................ 1,600,134 1928 ................................ 1,809,870 Total in 30 years........ 827,093,300 In getting the Philippines, the United States paid Spain $20,000,000. Here it is, with interest, from some of the mineral lands of the public domain which the payment covered. This gold went to U. S. mints. song of the river night and day. The current flashes silver as it tumbles along its rough course. It washes and washes at the boulders. There is placer gold in its sands. Cushing is a mechanical engineer with mining experience, and mining blood in him; his is a family of miners. He hails from the American west, but was educated in New York City, at Columbia. He has mined in the United States, Mexico and South America. This is not his first big strike, but it is the first that gives oppor tunity for development. He learned persistence in the mining game from British principals he worked for in the United States and Mexico; he admires the British for their staying qualities in the game. He is a lithe, weathered, keen prospector—the type they call gambarinos down in Mexico. (For this happy-go-lucky Mexican miner, Cushing has great respect.) With his dog and his hammer and his panning kit, Cushing has the habit of prospecting the soil wherever he happens to be. And before he went to Ipo he had had experience of Phil ippine mining in Masbate and Benguet. The lore to be had from the science bureau on the subject, he has of course got into his mind. Mining texts and English classics divide honors on his bookshelves. He was, then, the ideal man for Ipo. The boulders began telling him things first; the direction of the stream, the lay of the hills, told him more. Every opportunity was devoted to the gulch, and the first vein found, afterward the first of dozens of claims, was preempted in honor of his wife. She is a good partner; he met her in Los Angeles, maybe before, maybe after he did his bit with the U. S. Marines in the World War; and to marry him she went to a port down in Peru, where pas sengers are put into chairs and landed like cargo. They have knocked about in out-of-the-way places since. Cushing kept his employers informed of his discoveries. Then Euwaki, the mining engineer, was sent to Ipo, then the claims were taken up, each in the name of an official or employe in the A.-G. A P., and the next step will be a stamp mill, with Cushing in charge. The Ipo Mining Co., Inc., has been organized, with President Shaw at the head of it. That is the story of (To bottom of page 11} ling table water. One glass of this delicious natural mineral water taken regularly after each meal will soon imbue you with the self-same sparkle and rim that has made “Tansan” the “King of all Table Waters” ! AVOID IMITATIONS—INSIST ON “TANSAN”! and a real thirst-quen cher— There is satisfaction in every glass of delicious I paUpilsen Brewed by SAN MIGUEL BREWERY IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 10 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL May, 1929 Supreme Court and Projected Court of Appeals For some time past a project has been under consideration in our Legislature for the establishment of a Court of Appeals, and this movement took the shape, in the last session of the Legislature, of an Act which failed to receive the approval of Governor General Stimson. The public at large has as yet manifested little or no interest in the subject, owing no doubt to the consideration that the matter is primarily one where profes sional legal experience is called for and to the further reflection that, at any rate, nothing radical can be accomplished by the Legislature without the approval of the Congress of the United States. In view of the fact that the bill which failed to obtain the approval of the Governor General will probably receive further consideration at the next session of the Legis lature, we believe this to be an opportune time to direct the attention of the public to the problem that is being considered and to point out what appears to us to be the most practical solution of the trouble with which we are confronted. The fundamental fact giving rise to the project for the establishment of a Court of Appeals, is that the Supreme Court has for many years been overburdened with work, and that its calendars are being clogged with many trivial cases, which require the time and attention of the court to the exclusion of matters of greater importance. We are informed that this court is now disposing of cases at the rate of nearly two thousand per annum, to say nothing of the thousands of informal orders that find expression in minute entries from day to day during the active sessions of the court. It is much to be doubted whether there is a court of last resort in any other country that is driven at this speed. Needless to say that the situation is one that requires serious attention from the lawmakers. The influx of excessive work on the Supreme Court began with the expansion of commercial activities in the Islands incident to the World War and was first noticeably felt in 1917; and to meet the incoming flood of new work on the court the Philippine Legislature, in that year, increased the number of the Supreme Court Judges to nine. In the first years of the in creased business the access of litigants to the Supreme Court was ob structed by the conditions in the Courts of First Instance, where the ac cumulation of cases was so great that the judges of those courts were unable to dispose of them. But this condition was cured temporarily by the creation of new judgeships about eight years ago; and the same remedy has been lately applied again by the Legislature. The result is that the Supreme Court, with a personnel of nine, is now receiving nearly, or about, three times as many cases annually as came upon its calendar when there were five members of the court to attend to its business. Upon this it is obvious that, sooner or later, some remedy must be found. To correct this trouble one or the other of the only two possible courses must be adopted, that is, the number of the Justices of the Supreme Court must be again increased or a Court of Appeals must be created to take care of a good part of the business now coming to the Supreme Court. The first of these alternatives is the one that commends itself to our judgment; and as the considerations bearing upon this feature of the discussion are simple, we shall say what is to be said about it now. In this connection it is to be borne in mind that the Philippine Legis lature has the authority to increase the number of the Justices of the Su preme Court without the approval of Congress. No Congressional Act prescribes the precise number of the Justices of the Supreme Court, and in fact as the court is now constituted the number of Justices at present com missioned is fixed by section 133 of the Administrative Code of the Philip pine Islands and by no other authority. The circumstance that the situa tion confronting us can be relieved by the Philippine Legislature, acting without reference to Congress, shows that this course is at least practic able, considered with reference to the powers of the Philippine Legislature; and when its easy accomplishment is contrasted with the difficulties of establishing a Court of Appeals, the inference must be that the remedy proper to be now applied by the Legislature is to increase the number of Justices to eleven. With respect to the propriety of thus increasing the personnel of the Supreme Court, the first consideration that appeals to us is that this course involves the expenditure of less than half the money that will be required for the establishment and maintenance of a Court of Appeals; for the ad dition of two members to the Supreme Court will involve an outlay for their salary and that of their stenographers of only P45,400, while the salaries of the five members of the Court of Appeals with their stenograp hers, and a clerk and deputy clerk, as fixed in the companion bill to the vetoed Act (Sen. Bill No. 159) amount to T101,000. It must be remembered also that the expenses of the proposed Court of Appeals, as fixed in the companion bill, do not include anything for the additional subordinate employees to be authorized by the Secretary of Justice for the new court, or for other expenses of any sort. On the other hand, if the number of Justices of the Supreme Court be increased, as suggested, the additional incidental expense to the Supreme Court will be slight. We are, we be lieve, in conservative bounds, in estimating the expense of increasing the membership of the Supreme Court at about forty per centum of the amount necessary for the Court of Appeals. In making this statement we do not overlook the circumstance that the proposed Court of Appeals will have five Justices, while the suggested increase in the Supreme Court contemplates only two additional members; and it is of course obvious that five judges can do more work than two. But when we consider the amount of judicial energy that would necessa rily be expended by the Court of Appeals and the Supreme Court in deter mining the questions that must arise over the problem of the jurisdiction of the two courts and by the Supreme Court in determining the preliminary question whether, in a given case, it will entertain an appeal, it will be seen that the effective increase of judicial energy under the double establish ment would be much less than would be indicated in the number of new judges (or Justices) in the Court of Appeals. In other words, with the establishment of a second appellate court, the two courts will always be occupied with a series of new problems that arc wholly absent while only one court exists. The appointment of two additional members to the Supreme Court would practically assure at all times during the regular terms of the court the presence of a sufficient number of Justices to permit two full divisions of the court to operate contemporaneously. As the law now stands, four members are necessary to constitute a quorum in a division of the Supreme Court. This means that eight should be present in order to constitute two divisions. With the membership of the court fixed at nine, as at present, it happens more frequently than otherwise that one or the other of the two divisions, and some times both, are short of the requisite membership. We may here state, by the way, that the court is permitted by law to sit in divisions for the decision of minor cases only; and experience has shown that the operation of the court in division supplies a speedy and efficient means for disposing of the less important cases. Again, with the increased membership of the court, it can be reason ably expected that in some years at least, and as required by the exigencies of business, the full court may extend its term for the decision even of the most important cases beyond the nine months period covered by the reg ular sessions, but this cannot be easily understood without reference to the leave privileges of the members of the court, which we shall not now stop to explain. It is enough to say that although the law now actually re quires only nine months of consecutive work from members of the court who are not on leave, it has for more than ten years been the custom of the court to maintain a special division for light cases during at least part of the vacation period; and in one year six members (comprising a quorum of the full court) worked during vacation for the dispatch of important cases. Of course when the Justices apply themselves steadily to the work of the court during the ordinary vacation period, it is but reasonable that they should have an equal period of relief during some other part of the year; and the law in fact sanctions this by allowing the time thus served to be held for future leave. This circumstance supplies of course a strong motive to the members of the court for extending their labors into the vacation period, for it not infrequently happens that a member of the court needs to absent himself from the court during the regular sessions not only for the use of leave privileges but even upon account of sickness; and when this occurs it is desirable for the member to have the privilege, for such it really is, of working during vacation periods. So far as we are aware the only serious objection thus far advanced to increasing the membership of the Supreme Court is based on the fear that, with eleven members, the court would be undesirably cumbersome in the dispatch of cases coming before the full court. The suggestion is not without some force, but it fails to take account of the fact that with the increased membership, and under the liberal provisions of law governing leave, a more satisfactory distribution of leave allowances throughout the year can be made, with the result that there would not often be a full at May, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 11 tendance of eleven members at one time. The criticism based on supposed inconvenience of conducting business with a court of eleven members is not in our view sufficiently weighty to justify the rejection of the plan. We shall now say a few words with reference to the Senate bill creat ing a Court of Appeals, which was vetoed by Governor General Stimson. At the outset we note that the failure of the Governor General to approve the bill was based upon the sole ground that the bill did not contain a provision giving the Supreme Court full power, in its discretion, to review and correct any decision rendered by the Court of Appeals. From the wording of the message expressing the grounds of the nonapproval, it appears that the Governor General was of the opinion that the discretion ary right of review by the Supreme Court of the decisions of the Court of Appeals should extend both to questions of law and of fact. It is to be supposed that if the Legislature proceeds further with the project, the criticism made by the Governor General will be met by the insertion in the bill of a provision giving the suggested power of review to the Supreme Court; for it is scarcely credible that Congress would bother itself about approving such a measure as this where the bill had been vetoed by the Governor General. With respect to this right of review by our Supreme Court of the decisions of the Court of Appeals, it is obvious that if the Supreme Court should undertake to review the decisions of the Court of Appeals in all cases, both on questions of law and fact, the relief to the Supreme Court would not be sufficient to justify the establishment of the court. But of course it is not contemplated that the Supreme Court would in fact review all the decisions of the Court of Appeals. What the Governor General apparently intended is that our Supreme Court should, in its discretion, exercise a power of review in particular cases. In this, we presume, it was intended to suggest a relation between the courts somewhat similar to that which now exists, with respect to review, between the Supreme Court of the LTnited States and the Supreme Court of the Philippine Islands. In this connection it will be remembered that the Supreme Court of the United States has a discretionary power in certain cases to review the decisions of the Supreme Court of the Philippine Islands. But it is not made obligatory upon the higher court to exercise this power. The result is that the Supreme Court of the United States considers, as a preliminary matter in each case, the question whether it will review the decision. For mal opinions are never written by the Supreme Court of the United States in resolving such matters; and this implies a great relief to the higher tribunal in the saving of the labor of writing decisions. If the recom mendation of Governor General Stimson should be incorporated in the law, the Supreme Court of the Philippine Islands would pass informally upon petitions for appeals from decisions of the Court of Appeals, and naturally such applications would be dismissed unless something should appear in the record which should make it desirable for the Supreme Court in its discretion to review particular cases. If the court should operate along this line and entertain appeals only in its discretion, the relief to the Supreme Court would undoubtedly be great. It should further be ob served that if tjie Supreme Court is given full discretionary authority to review any decision of the Court of Appeals, this fact will justify, and perhaps even require a readjustment of some of the provisions of the pro posed law limiting the jurisdiction of the Court of Appeals, as for instance, in criminal cases. A careful examination of the provisions of the vetoed act shows that it suffers from other grave defects than that mentioned by Governor General Stimson; and even if the bill should be so amended as to cure that defect, there are, in our opinion, other reasons why the bill should not obtain the approval of the Governor General or of the Congress of the United States. Into these questions we do not propose here to enter deeply, but a few words upon one or two prominent features of the bill will not be out of place. The cabalistic word Jurisdiction is the name of an abyss of entangle ments in which both the Court of Appeals and the Supreme Court would find themselves involved under this bill. The act attempts to define the jurisdiction of the two courts in mutually exclusive terms. Take the provision relating to criminal appeals. Under subsection (b) of section 1, of the act, the exclusive appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court extends to all criminal cases in which any of the appellants was found guilty of an offense for which the law prescribes a penalty the term of which ex ceeds six years; while conversely, under section 3 of the bill, the jurisdic tion of the Court of Appeals extends to all criminal cases in which none of the appellants was found guilty of an offense for which the law prescribes a penalty the term of which exceeds six years. In other words, the divid ing line between the respective jurisdictions of the two courts is the penalty fixed by law for the offense. Observe here that the provision does not say “when the sentence imposed by the trial court involved a penalty in excess of six years”—which would have supplied a fixed and easy criterion for determining the jurisdiction. No: the jurisdiction must be determined by the penalty which the law prescribes for the particular offense. But the penalty which the law prescribes can seldom be known with certainty until all the elements of the offense have been analyzed and weighed. Even in homicide cases, where the penalty normally ranges from twelve to twenty years, the court may, in consideration of the presence of two or more JACOB LEVY PHILIPPINE HATS Buntals Bamboos Calasiaos Balibuntals Correspondence Solicited 227 Calle David Manila, P. I. Cable Address: “TEXTILES” mitigating circumstances, reduce the penalty to a very short period, and under other conditions apply the penalty appropriate to a mere misde meanor. Until a case has been tried nobody can really know what the penalty fixed by law for a particular offense is. The consequence would be that under the proposed bill the Court of Appeals would frequently try cases only to find that the appropriate penalty was in excess of its juris diction, while per contra the Supreme Court would try a similar case only to find in the end the appropriate penalty was below its jurisdiction. Legislation having in it possibilities of this character should not find favor in any quarter. The author of the bill, in defining the jurisdiction of the two courts, would have done well to have followed the language used in the similar situation contemplated in section 138 of the Administrative Code where the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in division is determined by the penalty imposed by the lower court. A feature of the bill which seems to us objectionable is that relating to appeals in contested elections. Under the law as it formerly stood ap peals were only permitted to the Supreme Court, from the decisions of Courts of First Instance, when the contest involved a provincial office. At the legislative session of 1927, the law was so amended as to permit ap peals from the decisions of the Courts of First Instance in respect to the office of municipal president. Under subsection (i) of the proposed bill creating the Court of Appeals the right of appeal in contested elections is extended to municipal offices generally. Under the existing law permitting appeals to the Supreme Court in contests over th - uince of municipal pres ident, the Supreme Court has been called upon to decide fifty or more contests over the office of municipal president arising from the election of 1928. With the extension of the right of appeal to all municipal offices, this branch of litigation will undoubtedly undergo corresponding expansion; and if subsection (i) stands, the Supreme Court in the future will find its time largely occupied with litigation of this character. It is noteworthy that the law gives these cases the right of way in the Supreme Court; and it not infrequently happens that the court must postpone the decision of civil cases involving enormous interests in order to decide whether one per son or another has been elected to a municipal office in some remote pro vince. We do not criticise the amendment of the law so far as relates to the right of appeal in such cases; but these election cases are precisely a sort of litigation that should be confided to the Court of Appeals. The Supreme Court should not be burdened with hearing them. Election contests do not involve, as a rule, the application of difficult principles of law. They involve rather the investigation of a multitude of details, such as the examination of thousands of particular ballots. The proper place for the decision of these appeals is, in our opinion, the Court of Appeals, if one should be established. We proceed no farther with our comment on the details of the act, since what has been said suffices to show that the project suffers from grave defects, which are possibly of an incurable nature; and we are thus driven back to the first alternative, namely, the increase of the number of the Justices of the Supreme Court to eleven, as supplying the only practical solution of the problem presented by the congested calendars of that Court. Ipo Gulch ... Is El Dorado (Concluded from page 9) Ipo up to date. But Ipo by no means harbors all the gold there is in the mineral region of which it is a part. Other strikes will be made in that region some day, there is scarce a doubt. The very fields yield gold, but none is found in paying quantities. Yet it is there, and surely comes from some rich lode. There is at least half a million gold in the dirt that makes up Novaliches dam, another feature of the new water system. And all along the way, from the dam toward the city as far as the bridge at the town of Novaliches, panning the dirt in any weather hole reveals color. But it is too little to pay. Where it its origin? Maybe in some rich lode, never discovered by the Spaniards, only known to natives of the region who have grown old and died. From times unknown placer mining was carried on by the native Filipinos in this region, until it played out. The lode, the rich mother lode! Some day someone will find it. A glance at the list of gold exports accompanying this paper, is enough to show that gold mining here is but well begun. Where the hidalgos searched in vain, or found mines of little profit when worked by the methods of the times, the modern miner goes in with the aid of science and machinery and breaks loose millions—a large part of which goes back to the country in wages and becomes of actual value here. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERT ISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 12 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL May, 1929 In its bright new home ROXAS BUILDING Comer of Calle David and ESCOLTA With stocks of the most popular OPERA RECORDS DANCE MUSIC SONG HITS But it’s the same old reliable Phonograph Department of— BECK'S Coconuts Make Philippines $50,000,000 Yearly Among a number of things in which the Philip pines excel the rest of the world is the growing of coconuts, from which the meat is taken for candies and confections and the oil for various staples from soap to soup stock, margarine for the table and grease for the pancake griddle. 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To this end poetry is valuable, and what follows will contain suggestions based upon a study of Shelley’s Ode to the ITc.st Wind. This is chosen somewhat at random, but also because many readers are likely to have it at hand for con venient reference. In English Poems from, Chancer to Kipling it opens on page 209. We Have The Largest and Most Complete Stock of Drygoods in the Philippines If you need silks, linens, cottons, or notions you can serve yourself best by choosing from our large stocks We also carry haberdashery, and make men’s suits and shirts Manuel Pellicer y Co., Inc. 44 Escolta, Manila Phone 2-11-06 One benefits his vocabulary in the study of poems, by going at them forceps and scalpel and laying their anatomy bare; that workmanlike method is the sole one which makes any piece of literature, selected for study, worth while. If it is good, why is it good? What parts are good? Let’s see them,. Let’s examine them and familiar ize ourselves with them. In what is it like what we already know of, and in what is it unlike and novel? Commencing with the very title, dissect the piece without mercy; after all, your object is to get out of it what the author put into it. Scan it for imagery. Do you like these metaphors: Breath of Autumn's being; pestilence-stricken multitudes; wild spirit; tangled boughs of Heaven and Ocean; angels of rain and lightning; dirge of the dying year; night, . . . dome of a vast sepul cher; the thorns of life; be thou me, impetuous one! and the trumpet of a prophecy? Not bad, some of them? No, indeed; and yet, one would never notice it in the context, perhaps—one of them is commonplace, the thorns of life. See if you, some time, concen trating on some inspiring subject, are able to contrive some novel metaphors in English which are pat to this country. Now for downright similes: Like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing; each like a corpse within its grave; loose clouds like earth's decaying leaves are shed; like the bright hair up lifted, from the head of some fierce Maenad; if even I were as in my boyhood; lift me as a wave, a leaf, a cloud; make me thy lyre, even as the forest is; what if my leaves are falling like its own;' drive my dead, thoughts over the universe like withered leaves to quicken a new birth; scatter, as from an unextinguished hearth ashes and sparks, my words among mankind. There are the ten similes in the piece, and all fine expressions; but one, the second, somewhat monthly life income that will bless your declining years with peace and inde pendence. partaking of the gruesome and likely to provoke, in ordinary literature, the wrath of the editorial blue pencil. Do ghosts flee from an enchanter, or has the poet got the cart before the horse in this? This is not to dare a criticism, but to bear in mind the preciseness of diction we are after. There may be a hundred examples to rebuke his ignorance, but it has been the present scribe’s impression that enchanters raise ghosts rather than quiet them, at least more commonly; but since they are enchanters, perhaps they can raise and quiet ghosts at will—-perhaps sometimes they give way to sudden pique and drive their ghostly ranks back to the tombs whence they've called them fortn. The point here is, it is never essential to take an author, even the most eminent, at his word: question all things, especially all things written. The attitude of the elderly lady listening to the vigorous young curate’s sermon on immortality, is the opposite of that with which one should harken to a language lesson: her rapt attention is her salvation, the curate’s vigor recalls to her It is not high pressure salesmanship—It is not persuasive advertising—It’s the machine itself that has sold nearly a million and a half Easy-Writing Royal Typewriters, TYPEWRITERS Wouldn’t you be interested in a demonstration? Phone 2-21-98 CAMERA 110 ESCOLTA SUPPLY COMPANY MANILA, P. I. those fleeting times when she felt nearest heaven, and so revives her longing, while his words kindle her hope of early favors from divinity, companionship with the angels: while the student of a composition has more practical ends in view and wishes merely to know the virtues and defects of the model he is examining. In short, while one is studying a piece is not the time to rhap sodize over it; if he really like the piece, then he can memorize it—pocket it in his mind forever. Which is a good thing to do; easy in our green years, hard in later ones. Why ode? What is an ode? Turn to an authority. Zeitlin and Rinaker’s Types of Poetry is a good one; some such text as this should be a part of the library equipment of all secondary schools and colleges. “An ode,” says this authority, “is a lyric in which a serious and dignified theme is built up in a succession of elaborate stanzas in a style of special stateliness. It is the form employed when the occasion appears to the poet highly momentous, arousing feelings and ideas of un usual solemnity and impressiveness.” This fits with the piece at hand. Let us see how. What is Shelley’s serious and dignified theme? His denunciation of an ambitious European mili tary alliance: Shelley was, of course, a liberal. And has he built up his theme in a succession of elaborate stanzas in a style of special stateli ness? The scribe’s judgment concedes as much. Does yours? For that’s the question: exercise your own judgment, though you constantly seek to refine it, about literature; refrain from being nonplussed by another’s seeming erudition. Do you think Shelley chose nobly, longing to ally himself with the conquering winds of autumn, that his thoughts (for the welfare of mankind) might be driven “over the universe like withered leaves to quicken a new birth” of freedom? He addressed the wind as a spirit kindred with his own; he had to envy it its free and boundless power, and to lament the “heavy weight of hours” that chained and bound him: though his soul would have vaulted world wide with the west wind of autumn, and tumbled Europe’s wintered imperial institutions down, as dead leaves, that their decay should nurture the seeds of a fresh civilization, yet this aspiring soul was pent within his physical being: he had to watch the west wind stream on, and leave him, a wretched figure, in the little woods on the banks of the Arno, his coat tails swishing like a coachman’s, his thoughts in verses never read, save in derisive mockery, at the royal courts berated by his ire. He turns from the wind, momentarily even shields himself from it—he who would in youth have been the comrade of its wanderings!—and muses eloquently on the lines of his poem. For there it was composed, in the woods that skirt the Arno nearby FloIN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 16 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL May, 1929 rence, while the trees bent before the autumn storm, busy at whipping off their frosted leaves and scattering them into beds beneath which seeds could winter through until the clarion of the winds of springawakened them to growth. So fell Shelley on the thorns of life. So bled his wistful heart. Is it not a subject for the sculptor, the painter? Has anyone ever done it on canvas or in bronze or marble, this poet, bent-shouldered, under the bereft and moaning trees, dead wind-shot leaves sticking to his garments? There he kneels, in torturing hope to jot down words that will “scatter, as from an unextinguished hearth ashes and sparks, . . . among mankind”! So they have been scattered, too; but our concern here is only technical, to ascertain that what we read is really a classic English ode. Persuade yourself. Which calls for the reminder that pieces such as this ode are properly read over several times to make their general sense familiar, before they are cut up to find what they are made of. This ode is a month’s study, even for partial mastery of its intricacies and decent benefit from its phraseology. Thou on whose stream; this word stream is so commonly applied to currents of water as to connote them when used alone, but it applies quite as correctly to a current of air—in the extremity of verse making. The winged seed; this device of nature needs no explanation in the Philippines, where the wind outstrips birds and all other agencies, deluding the agriculture bureau, in dis tributing seeds. There are also desiduous trees here, whose leaves, though unaided by frost and ice-cold atmosphere, do acquire the hectic hues of dead foliage and fall off; so the lines about this phenomenon in the Arno forest are comprehensible. It is only important to note con trasts, which the student’s intelligence must detect for him. Wind up a study of the piece with a glossary of all the unfamiliar words, for they are all of current repute in the language; round this out with lists of synonyms and antonyms. Lulled by the coil of his crystalline streams, in reference to the Medi terranean’s swirling lazily about the isles off the Floretine coast, may mean, we know in these islands, just what it says and not necessarily what the note in the textbook says it means. That is, the sea is normally coiling and circling about, turned here and there by the shore, and its waves broken down to gentle rhythmic undulations. There is no com pelling reason to assume that Shelley uses coil in its obsolete sense meaning noise or tumult; and especially is this so since there is no lulling effect in noises and tumults. Nor would the sea be asleep amid them and dreaming of the buried cities in its depths. Personification of the Mediterranean, a sea, as masculine is a unique privilege forbidden us in ordinary speech; while we remain unable to write odes, we must correctly keep our seas feminine and our oceans masculine. What was currently transpiring in Europe when Shelley wrote the ode will, if looked up, throw the lurid light of half a dozen intriguing chancelleries upon the theme. Times have changed since, and the poet’s words are less in vain. Then not a statesman harkened to Shelley or cared a rap about an eloquent minstrel’s critical lays. That intran sigence persists today, but strikingly modified; and there are no statesmen, perhaps, entirely ignorant of or unmoved by the lines Shelley addressed to the destroying and preserving autumn wind. It is the persistency, however, of the evil the ode rebukes, that assures the piece its immortality. Human affairs are imperfectly managed now as then, and often, now as then, disingenuously admi nistered while the people are indifferent to encroaching dangers. As rascality will ever seek advantage, so the ode will ever retain its place in universal literature. But this is obiter dicta here. Another may profit as much in vocabulary and diction in reducing the ode to its primary elements, and reach an entirely different conclusion concerning its underlying philosophy; or remain, as is his right, wholly indifferent to it. The rhetoric of the piece this paper does not take up; but it would pass a test like that; it is concise, trenchant—always to the point. It flows along in a manner emphatically free, makes its point with no extraneous dissertation, and then stops. One should learn from it to say things, even rather important things, in a simple unrepetitious manner. The first vulgarity of speech to overcome is repetition. When one has learned not to repeat, but to express a thought once and have done, he has gone a long way toward command of his vocabulary and will thenceforth need most of all to acquire a vocabulary adequate to his thoughts.—W. R. The Institute of Economics has published a number of carefully prepared and authoritative books on various aspects of the tariff pro blem in the United States. These books are as follows: Making the Tariff in the United States, by Thomas Walkar Page, $2.50. Sugar in Relation to the Tariff, by Philip G. Wright, $2.50. The Tariff on Animal and Vegetable Oils, by Philip G. Wright, $2.50. The Cattle Industry and the Tariff, by Lynn Ramsay Edminster, $2.50. The Tariff on Wool, by Mark A. 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Smile, lips, smile— Smile away the fountain of tears; Slide along, aching feet, Slide; Shuffle away, Cobra skinned dancing Slippers, Tired slippers, Slippers that pay for hammer Strokes, Nails And tinsel-spattered Cradles of death. The Pilgrim For thirty years And four He had followed The dusty road That leads To the old stone church At Antipolo. For thirty years And four He had knelt And prayed At the Holy Virgin’s Shrine. He saw The dark gray Packard, But did not see The pilgrim freighted Laboring Train At the crossing, Till he heard The sickening Crunching press of steel On shattered bone. So he lay on his cot At San Juan De Dios With his face Turned to the wall, And both legs Chopped off near the hips. The Doctor said, That his heart was weak. Weak nothing! He died of a broken heart! For what is the use Of a Virgin shrine To a man who may not Kneel? Schwulst Foregoes Salary An error appeared in a Journal editorial in the March issue, relative to Earl B. 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IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 18 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL May. 1929 A Triumph of the Cross Over Majesty By Francisco de Aguareña Sometime Private Secretary to His Excellency Don Diego de Salcedo, Governor and Captain-General for His Majesty King Philip IV, in the Philippine Islands. 1663 1668 (As Translated and Arranged by Percy A. Hill) The original MSS from the library of Don Eduardo de-Lete, of Negros, de ceased. In the original the margins have been annotated by Padre Nithard, which notes have been omitted in the translation. Some of the antiquated expressions and phrases have been modernized for the benefit of the reader, and notes added in parenthesis are by the translator. The original MSS as written partly in the Philippines and partly in Ciudad Rodrigo, Leon, Spain, were evidently brought back to the islands by the son of Aguareña, thus finding their way into the library of unpublished MSS of Don Eduar do, who dedicated a lifetime to the collection of unpublished manuscripts relating to the Philippines.—P.A.H. “I cannot submit to such an imposition! Impossible! The poor pray for the protection of a Divine Providence. Unhappy virgins are stained by those calling themselves Apostles of the Divine Creator, and the communion service is being used for private ends. To be silent in the face of facts would be unworthy of me, having taken the sacred oath before His Majesty (Philip IV). . . . These abuses must cease or I will tear off my knightly insignia. I cannot admit of His Majesty’s name being bandied from mouth to mouth to deceive the poor and the unhappy. I know.. You are but human, and as humans liable to err, but you must err in moderation, for in any other manner I shall not permit. I shall not permit that the Orders preach that I am under their thumb. These blasphemous sermons must also cease. Get rid of these pernicious missionaries who inter pret the laws of God as they please, or I as Cap tain General will apply the justice of His Majesty the King. As good sons of the Church, preach the doctrines of Christ and cease abusing the common people. You are abusing them, and keep on abusing them, but I am determined that this shall cease. These reports from the towns of Tayug and Nagcarlang (in Laguna province) are sufficient. These missionaries must cease their vile abuses.” These phrases were repeated with gesticulations of repugnance by the illustrious Captain-General governing these Islands on the morning of the 8th of October, 1667, in the Royal Palace of Manila (then facing the present Ayuntamiento). On the table of his office were piles of wellthumbed papers which, judging from their dis array, had been repeatedly handled by him. He spoke with fury to one who stood before him. This personage was dressed in a semimonastic cowl, old in appearance and of a greenish color The Most Popular and Most Useful Single Reference Book in the World ! The World Almanac Just arrived—Pl.50 Official records of the world’s agricultural and industrial production, = trade and commerce, banking and finance; up-to-date descriptions 1 of countries, governments, colonies, dependencies, populations; his torical summaries, chronologies for the year; records in all the sports; ¡ compendiums on business law, travel, time and distance tables, etc. | Answers the thousand and one questions that come up so frequent ly, and are nowhere more accurately or more quickly answered. • Philippine Education Company 101-103 Escolta Manila, P. I. i with age, beneath which were short trousers belted with a sword having a hilt of bronze. His jacket of fine malla cloth was open and his red-brown hat bore on the left side a somewhat bedraggled plume. He was the alguacil mayor of the Holy Inqui sition, Captain Francisco Viscarra y Ahnandia, a gigantic Basque. Fie bore an order from the Holy Office to the Captain-General, who laid it on his desk with a nervous hand. At the other end of the chamber, which served as an audience room, stood two of the palace guards. In the fury of the above remarks of His Excellency, they had drawn their swords with their right hands, holding their halberds in their left, as if to guard him from any untoward move on the part of the alguacil mayor. Who were these guards? Were they loyal to His Excellency? We shall see. One of them was named Canuto de la Llave and the other Jesus de Murgia. At that moment they were perhaps loyal to their master, but later, being suborned by the friars, they fell wholly into the power of the Commissary of the Inquisition. (This was Fray Joseph Paternina, whose importunities had got him appointed when in Mexico City, upon the death of Fray Juan Maldonado, the former Commissary). What was the order or letter that His Excellency handled with such a nervous hand? Let us see. The writer of these annals had an opport unity to read it, being con fidential secretary to His Excellency, and working alongside the licentiate Don Manuel del Angulo. It was addressed to Don Diego de Salcedo and was the transcription of a letter of the parish friars of Tayug and Nagcarlang, submitted by His Grace the Metropolitan Archbishop Poblete, and bore the date September 4th, 1667. Knowing this we will proceed to give it verba tim as copied from the original in the archives of the Captain-General. It must be noted that the Governor-Generals had under then till a much later date all the alcalde mayors, or, to be exact, the provincial governors, and other state; officials, while the friars who administered the parishes were under the direct supervision of their provincials and the Archbishop as head of the Church. The divided authority of the King of Spain and the King of Heaven is what caused so many bitter Church intrigues, many of them fatal to participants, in the struggle between Church and State. A Gio rious Thing! ROBERTSON The knowing know! Kuenzle & Streiff Im porters Manila, P. I. 343 T. Pinpin Tel. 2-39-36 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL May, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 19 The reader can use his judgment in weighing the evidence introduced by the letters, but it should be noted that Hi3 Excellency had no great abun dance of tact and diplomacy required for steer ing the bark of state under the peculiar Iberian character of government that then obtained in all Spanish colonies and possessions. Herewith the letter of the head of the Church to the head of the State, as borne by the alguacil mayor of the Holy Office of the Inquisition: “Your Excellency sees that the interference of the alcalde mayor Don Alejandro in the town of Tayug while the priest was confessing the young woman Dolores Mocha y Moreno was a real contempt of the ecclesiatical laws punished by a severe excommunion. After being re primanded and put out of the church, he called upon his troops, profaned the sacred temple by forcible entry, and carried off the young woman—■ which is deserving of the most condign punish ment. He furthermore used indecent language, which amounts to blasphemy of Holy Church. “Your Excellency said that this was not a case for the Holy Inquisition, and that you would take the necessary steps to punish the aggressor after due investigation. But to date nothing has been done about this case. If similar cases pending, of insults to God’s ministers, are not taken notice of by your Excellency, the Church will not tolerate these abuses and will itself punish the guilty. It will adjust those cases still pending, and it will not tolerate such abuses committed in your name and by those under your direct authority, nearly every day. “The Nagcarlang case, as your Excellency knows, was referent to the school of Christian doctrine. We have been sent to these islands of His Majesty the Catholic with the obligation to. serve humanity, and are obliged to teach the young generation the doctrines. Very few of these, and we refer to the young native Women (the Indias) assist, and on the 14th of this month (evidently September 16G7) only one presented herself. The priest, Fray Pedro Iztar de Santa Ana, being sick, called this foolish, {torpe) maiden to give him his medicine while he lay sick in bed. This woman, advised by certain malignant persons, cried out without any motive whatsoever. She was heard by the alcaldilh Justo Nercta, who, with insulting phrases, took the maiden by force from the convent, informing the populace with indecent stories against the holy priest of this town. “Of this Your Excellency has been advised. The happening has roused the anger of all the natives of the town, due to the wrong impression given by others, and they have gone so far as to insult Holy Church, they and the officials of the town, and your Excellency also sees we cannot tolerate such a state of affairs. I cannot say that you are solely responsible; that is for the Holy Inquisition to decide, later. It still remains that these abuses against the Holy Roman Catholic and Apostolic Church must be punished or the people and the Church of God will take a just vengeance on those who foment such trouble.” The letter, or order, contained some more sentences that could not be read, owing to their illegibility, and it was signed by His Grace the Metropolitan Archbishop, Poblete. (Poblete himself was a well-meaning prelate, but utterly under the influence of the regular orders; in other words, he, as a prince of the Church, lent himself too willingly to their ends. The letter, in all truth, was probably written by Fray Paternina of the Inquisition, and only signed by His Grace, and its tenor was both insulting and aggravating, considering all the circumstances in the case, and the regular battle between Church and State began, as it did under each administration. In the annals of the long centuries those struggles did not affect the people as it did the twin Spanish powers themselves, and mostly over mere prerogative. The Church during all the centuries was loyally upheld by the Spaniard no matter what his rank. But its servants, being human, very naturally erred, which is also human. The Church’s teachings are a fine heritage to the only Christian people in the Orient—the Filipinos). CHAPTER II IN WHICH IS RELATED THE BEGINNING OF THE PLOT AGAINST THE CAPTAIN-GENERAL, HEADED BY THE FRANCISCAN FRIARS AND LATER PUT INTO EFFECT THROUGH THE HOLY OFFICE OF THE INQUISITION On the afternoon of March 9th, 166S, I saw several groups of persons in animated conversa tion near the Church of Santo Domingo in the Vailed City, which abuts on the river Pasig. Outside the gate and on the esplanade facing the river were other groups of high officials gathered together, some of whom were pallid with fear. Something was about to take place out of the ordinary. The afternoon was dark and a fine rain was falling. Near the mouth of the Pasig could be dimly seen the form of a sea-going galleon. Captain General Don Diego was there on foot accompanied by an adjutant and a file of soldiers drawn from the regiment quartered in the citadel of Santiago, close by. I approached the latter group in curiosity for the troops were fully armed, one of flic musketeers bearing a lighted lint, as is custom. The Captain General was speaking. “You do not command here. I represent His Majesty as Captain-General and Governor in McCormick-Deering Tractor—10-20 and 15-30 H. P. The Great Value of Time on the Farm PROSPERITY is rare wherever time is being wasted on broad scale. Time is the most valuable thing we have. That is where the great value of machines and power and planning comes in. These factors help a man to mul tiply his work, his production and his profit. Time is money and McCor mick-Deering tractors are the For More Profit and a Happier Life, Farm with McCormick-Deering Tractor Power MACLEOD and COMPANY 154 M. de Comillas, Manila Iloilo Vigan Cebú Davao Legaspi these islands. Return aboard your galleon before 1 order the shore battery to fire upon you! Do not reply to me, or I will have you put in the stocks. Get out, insolent and daring one!” The governor thus expressed himself, being irri tated beyond measure at something. Before him stood a man of medium stature, between forty-five and forty-six years of age, ruddy and robust in expression. His uniform demonstrated that he was the captain of the ship seen in the offing, and at the foot of t he stone steps descending to the Pasig was a shallop manned by six men in the dress of sailors, brown ed by the sun and winds of long voyages. I'pon the prow of the boat were the words Sendo Niño, from which I deduced the name of the galleon lying hove to. The ship captain who had brought down the anger of the Captain General upon him was Don Francisco Rcqucl de Bastamonde, as Don Francisco Cor vera, the King’s fiscal, later informed me. The ship captain, doffing his cap, replied to the governor. “By your Excellency’s mercy we have aboard greatest savers of time on the farm today. The tractor speeds up every farm activity and helps you through the job. These savings are open to you if you own a Me Corm ick-Deering tractor. Remember the most profit goes to those best equipped for power farming. Write us or call on us for a demonstration. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 20 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL May, 1929 Padre M. Ricci. We have had a stormy voyage and are in misery from lack of fresh water and food. Nearly ail my crew arc sick with the scurvy, and if you will not let us land we ask in mercy’s name for some help in our miserable condition. We are come from Nantay (China) and are in bad shape, Your Honor.” He was unable to conclude, as His Excellency cried “Who is this Padre Ricci you speak of?” “He is, Your Excellency,” replied the ship captain, “a Christian missionary who has suffered per secution in China. The Hollanders permitted us to rescue him, although they are allied with Koxinga (Kue-Sing) and Padre Ricci was allow ed on board with some sick Hollanders for transit to Batavia. But Padre Ricci is a Domi nican and desires to take refuge with those of his order here in Manila.” “Food and equipment!” shouted the Captain General. “Help the accursed Hollanders, fanged dogs who rob, burn and asassinate!” (It should be noted that Don Diego was a trusted and high officer of Philip IV in his campaigns against the Dutch in Holland, was a Belgian by birth, although of noble Spanish parents. It was therefore very natural that he should bear an undying hatred towards the Dutch, as his ene mies from birth. Hence his ungoverned fury.) “And this from you, a Spaniard upon whom the King has conferred the sacred obligation of defending the banner of Castile and its interests, to bring here sick heretics and desire to leave them ashore!” The irate Governor grasped the hilt of his sword and cried, “Get out of here, soulless traitor, brutish animal who desires to stain the arms of your country! Give thanks to God in his mercy that I do not quarter you with my sword!” Here his anger would not allow of further speech. Drawing his weapon completely from its sheath he was about to precipitate himself upon the ship captain, when a young girl about fourteen years of age flung herself between the two, and held his hand, saying, “Uncle, uncle! In the name of my dear mother who lies in this very Church of Santo Domingo, and for love of me, your niece Charing, hold your hand and do not stain it with the blood of such miserable unfortunates!” Throwing back his cloak, Don Diego seemed ashamed of his patriotic fury and sheathed his weapon. The girl, Charing (Rosario) wiped the sweat of anger from the forehead of her uncle with her white fingers, the act seeming to calm the angry passions of the Governor for the moment. In fact his orphaned niece Atlantic Gulf and Pacific Co. OF MANILA ENGINEERS MANUFACTURERS CONTRACTORS 71-77 Muelle de la Industria MANILA, P. I. Rosario had at all times a soothing influence on Don Diego. That she appeared at the right moment was due to the friendly offices, of one of the gentlemen in waiting of His Excellency who had called her to the scene. Bruskly he ordered Captain Requel to dis embark Padre Ricci, who was to be taken to his private cabinet for cross examination. A coach drove up with a pair of horses mounted by a coachman. The rain increased. A foot man opened the door and His Excellency entered, together with his niece, still pallid from the expe manila, 90-94 ESCOLTA P.l. MASONIC TEMPLE rience due to her uncle’s anger. At this moment Captain Requel advanced a pace and, bowing to the Governor, said, “For piety’s and mercy’s sake, sir, allow me to take on fresh water.” The irritated governor replied, “Leave here at once, you reptile, who would sully the banner under whose folds you earn a living!” The coach drove off in the rain, disappearing through the low gate of Santo Domingo and entering the walled city. (The historical happening in reference to the arrival of P. Ricci is evidently recounted by Aguareña to show his master’s hatred of heretics, a crime for which he was tried later by the Inqui sition. But it also shows the Governor’s extreme irritability, possibly made so by the plotting of the clergy. It also shows a rigid lack of human ity to his fellow countrymen, Captain Requel and his crew, that gives a bad impression, to say the least. Nor have the friar historians neglected to call attention in their chronicles to this lack of common humanity as showing the GLARE GLARE either direct or reflected impairs eyesight and causes dis comfort, annoyance and eye fatigue. Why endure it when a pair of Clark & Company’s tinted lenses will give you relief by eliminating glare without disturbing the quantity of light. Always the best in quality but never higher in price peculiar and irritable state of the Governor’s temper. But with their usual twist, they have refrained from saying this was due to his hatred of heresy—in the case of the ship captain, Requel). Before Don Diego departed he had given orders to Don Francisco Corvera, the King’s fiscal, to meet him in his private cabinet, and further ordered the sargento mayor, Don Juan de la Concha y Aznar, to comply with certain regulations in reference to the galleon and its unfortunate crew. The rain began to increase every moment, and being without my cloak I hastened my steps towards calle Cabildo, to the house where I lodged. In this same house dwelt Doña Marieta de Memije, a native of llocos, who served in the capacity of chamber-guard to His Excellency and to whom both she and her family owed many favors. She was comely, middle-aged, and perfectly familiar with her duties at the palace, and had served for some time as personal attend ant to His Excellency, who was a widower. Furthermore, she was of tried loyalty—at that date. The wind rose to a tempest later in the evening. It was about eleven o’clock when Marieta arrived from the palace and she was wet, pale and upset. I asked her if she was sick or in pain. She replied that she was well, but highly perturbed at news she had heard on her way home from the palace on the Plaza de Armas, which by acci dent she had overheard. It appeared that she took shelter from the rain in a small store, which contained several other people who had sought a refuge from the storm, and had overheard what we are now about to relate. To explain matters still further, I should say that Doña Marieta had a pretty daughter named Lutgarda, whose father was reputed to be a Spanish friar and parish priest of Laoag. She was born there and at the time of which I write she and I maintained intimate relations. She was my housekeeper, and besides being lively and handsome was also industrious. Lutgarda asked her mother if she had had supper and received an answer in the negative. Doña Marieta further said that His Excellency was in a vile humor, that he had thrown an ink well IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL May, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 21 at an usher, broken some costly vases, and was walking about gritting his teeth in anger and at times pounding the’table with his fist. She had asked permission to visit her family, which was granted by Don Diego, who ordered her to be on hand early next morning. My mistress, Lut garda, placed an excellent supper before her mother, who, between mouthfuls, related to me the following in a mixture of Spanish, Tagalog and Ilocano, helped out by Lutgarda as inter preter. “Aba, Nonoy (as she used familiarly to call me), as I came back here I passed through the Only Dunlop Experience Covers the Whole History of the Pneumatic Tire. principal market place, where I met a number of persons who bore bronze crucifixes on their breasts larger than any I have ever seen.” “Who were they, and what were they talking about?” “There were Captain Tomás, Padre Ricardo, Sargento José, Cabo Gonzalo, the master of camp, Don Agustin (de Cepeda), Padre Melchor Padre Jose (Paternina, the Commissary of the Inquisition), Alguacil Captain Francisco (Viscarra), Ordinarios Don Sebastian (Rayo-Doria), Don Nicolas (Muñoz de Pamplona), Don Juan (Tirado) and Padres Francisco and Mateo.” She had mixed all ranks and grades together, but they represented the highest of the officials plotting against His Excellency, especially Sebas tian Rayo-Doria. (This man had married a cast-off mistress of the former governor, de Lara, and was then the alcalde of Tondo. Whether he received a slight, or thought so, from the new governor, Don Diego, is not known; but he cherished an unreasonable and deadly hatred against him, and was the prime witness and mover in the plot against His Excellency. Later found guilty of treason, his property was con fiscated by the Crown, and his death only saved him from imprisonment). “What were they saying?” I asked. “They were saying that the hour had arrived to sacrifice the evil and redeem the good; that the devil with horns of fire had come to Manila to bring a tempest of evil upon the people and to carry them to hell without hope of pardon, and that this devil dwelt in the Royal Palace for they had seen the horns on him, growing out day by day. They were in the front part of the store, and behind them were about fifty men with large bronze crosses round their necks who were eating fried fish and drinking wine. Padre Jose Paternina was paying for all the enter tainment, saying that in a fight with the devil there was nothing to be afraid of if God was in the heart and Christ upon the breast.” “Why do you think the others were plotters?” “Aba, nacu, Nonoy! They had long hair, descending to their shoulders, were dressed in black and the cowls had holes for the eyes, and fire was painted on their robes!” “What did they have to say?” “They said that the signal was to be a strong whistle, and those who did not cry Holy! Holy! Holy! were to be killed.” I was, to say the least, curious. “When did they say these things were to take place?” “They said shortly, unless the Devil left the Royal Palace.” She ended her account and, after attending to her household duties, retired. Later that night I was awakened by a loud WHEN ladies start ed cycling thirty years ago they rode on Dunlop’s as a matter of course, for Dunlop had I already been making tires for ten years past. You wanted a tire so you or dered a Dunlop. To-day Dunlop make tires to travel at any speed from two to two hundred miles an hour. knocking on the door of our house which was the usual ponderous affair, studded with star shaped bolts. I was about to sally and open it, to see what was wanted, when Doña Marieta held my arm, saying, “Do not open the door! You go back inside to Lutgarda—not because of any fear, but that you need not be mixed up in any of this business. We women are not high enough to count; besides, I know Padre José Paternina. I have often given him alms and money for the salvation of souls. My sister Better than a Doctor— BAGUIO Our Evening Trains Take You to the Mountains While You Sleep and— Land You Back in Town Refreshed from a Week-End Amid Baguio’s Cool Breezes and Beside Her Pine-Knot Fires Manila Railroad Company supplies his convent with fowl, he is even my confessor.” This long list of reasons again piqued my curiosity, but saying nothing, I retired into the sala. A little later Marieta came in with one of the Palace guards, Diego de Ruelas, bringing a message from His Excel lency for me. It was written in haste, short and to the point. To Francisco de Aguareña—■ Come at once. I need you. Yonr Governor General and Captain—■ Diego. The last word bore a hurried rubrica not at all like Don Diego’s ordinary writing. (Continued in June) Percy A. Hill, translator of the accom panying article, recently made a trip through the Ilokos provinces, and writes of their deplorable economic condition: “I have been here (in the Philippines) some 30 years—have visited Ilokos four times during that interval—but by James!if I were an Ilokanokailan or tao I would do violence to everyone who wears buttons on his pants! As an example of a poverty-stricken decayed and miserable region, this has no equal under the Stars and Stripes. Not even a sentimentalist, let alone anyone with a sense of economics, could do other than weep over this old region, con demned to poverty. All the towns from Agoo to Bangui are living on the Hawaii dole. (He means, savings sent back from Ilokano workmen employed in Hawaii). The oldest and best built of all regional towns, many of them of brick and stone, present a scene like interior China. These people, frugal, thrifty and diligent, live on’/ico meals a day. Women work as camineros (that is, common laborers on the roads) and carry baskets of stone on their heads over a mile at two centavos a basket. If they make 30 centavos a day and live, they are doing fine. The whole thing is a disgrace to the United States.” Mr. Hill says a bit more, but this is graphic enough. He is a reliable ob server. This review has thought for a long time that the actual condition of the rural masses in these islands should be ascertained by the government, for its guidance. Mr. Hill’s remarks lend emphasis to that opinion.—Ed. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 22 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL May, 1929 ORIGINS OF THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH (Gibbon: Continued from April) The ancient Christians were animated by a contempt for their present existence, and by a just confidence of immortality, of which the doubtful and imperfect faith of modern ages cannot give us any adequate notion. In the primitive church the influence of truth was very powerfully strengthen ed by an opinion which, however it may deserve respect for its usefulness and antiquity, has not been found agreeable to experience. It was universally believed that the end of the world, and the kingdom of heaven, were at hand. The near approach of this wonderful event had been predicted by the apostles; the tradition of it was preserved by their earliest disciples, and those who understood in their literal sense the dis courses of Christ himself were obliged to expect the second and glorious coming of the Son of Man in the clouds, before that generation was totally extinguished which had beheld his humble condition upon earth, and which might still be witness of the calamities of the Jews under Ves pasian or Hadrian. The revolution of seventeen centuries has instructed us not to press too closely the mysterious language of prophecy and revelation; but as long as, for wise purposes, this error was permitted to subsist in the church, it was productive of the most salutary effects on the faith and practice of Christians, who lived in the awful expectation of that moment when the globe itself, and all the various race of man kind, should tremble at the appearance of their divine Judge. The ancient and popular doctrine of the Mil lennium was intimately connected with the second coming of Christ. As the works of the creation had been finished in six days, their dura tion in their present state, according to a tradi tion which was attributed to the prophet Elijah, was fixed to six thousand years. By the same analogy it was inferred that this long period of labor and contention, which was now almost elapsed, would be succeeded by a joyful Sabbath of a thousand years; and that Christ, with the triumphant band of the saints and the elect who had escaped death, or who had been miraculously revived, would reign upon earth till the time appointed for the last and general resurrection. So pleasing was this hope to the mind of believers, that the New Jerusalem, the seat of this bliss ful kingdom, was quickly adorned with all the gayest colors of the imagination. A felicity consisting only of pure and spiritual pleasure would have appeared too refined for its inhabit ants, who were still supposed to possess their human nature and senses. A garden of Eden, with the amusements of the pastoral life, was no longer suited to the advanced state of society which prevailed under the Roman empire. A city was therefore erected of gold and precious stones, and a supernatural plenty of corn and wine was bestowed on the adjacent territory; in the free enjoyment of whose spontaneous pro ductions the happy and benevolent people was never to be restrained by any jealous laws of exclusive property. The assurance of such a Millennium was carefully inculcated by a suc cession of fathers from Justin Martyr and Ire naeus, who conversed with the immediate dis ciples of the apostles, down to Lactantius, who was preceptor to the son of Constantine. Though it might not be universally received, it appears to have been the reigning sentiment of the ortho dox believers; and it seems so well adapted to the desires and apprehensions of mankind, that it must have contributed in a very considerable degree to the progress of the Christian faith. But when the edifice of the church was almost completed, the temporary support was laid aside. The doctrine of Christ’s reign upon earth was at first treated as a profound allegory, was con sidered by degrees as a doubtful and useless opinion, and was at length rejected as the absurd invention of heresy and fanaticism. A myste rious prophecy, which still forms a part of the sacred canon, but which was thought to favor the exploded sentiment, has very narrowly escaped the proscription of the church Whilst the happiness and glory of a temporal reign were promised to the disciples of Christ, the most dreadful calamities were denounced against an unbelieving world. The edification of the new Jerusalem was to advance by equal steps with the destruction of the mystic Babylon; and as long as the emperors who reigned before Con stantine persisted in the profession of idolatry, the epithet of Babylon was applied to the city and to the empire of Rome. A regular series was prepared of all the moral and physical evils which can afflict a flourishing nation; intestine discord, and the invasion of the fiercest barba rians from the unknown regions of the North; pestilence and famine, comets and eclipses, earthquakes and inundations. All these were only so many preparatory and alarming signs of the great catastrophe of Rome, when the country of the Scipios and Caesars should be consumed by a flame from Heaven, and the city of the seven hills, with her palaces, her temples, and her triumphal arches, should be buried in a vast lake of fire and brimstone. It might, however, afford some consolation to Roman vanity, that the period of their empire would be that of the world itself; which, as it had once perished by the element of water, was destined to experience a second and speedy destruction from the element of fire. In the opinion of a general con flagration the faith of the Christian very happily coincided with the tradition of the East, the philosophy of the Stoics, and the analogy of Nature; and even the country, which, from religious motives, had been chosen for the origin and principal scene of the conflagration, was the best adapted for that purpose by natural and physical causes; by its deep caverns, beds of sulphur, and numerous volcanoes, of which those of .¿Etna, of Vesuvius, and of Lipari, exhibit a very imperfect representation. The calmest and most intrepid sceptic could not refuse to acknowledge that the destruction of the present system of the world by fire was in itself extremely probable. The Christian, who founded his belief much less on the fallacious arguments of reason than on the authority of tradition and the interpretation of Scripture, expected it with terror and confidence as a certain and approach ing event; and as his mind was perpetually filled with the solemn idea, he considered every disas ter that happened to the empire as an infallible symptom of an expiring world. The condemnation of the wisest and most virtuous of the Pagans, on account of their ignor ance or disbelief of the divine truth, seems to Hartley Embrey Sherman has fur nished the Journal some important notes about the merits of bananas which should lead to revision of cer tain popular notions regarding them: Mrs. Sherman says the regular eating of ripe bananas, and they are ripe when dark spots appear on the skins, will prevent beriberi, scurvy and kindred deficiency diseases in children and adults. They are good for children six months old and up, and when generously eaten by expectant mothers will reduce the number of children born predisposed to contract beriberi. Ripe bananas are easily digested by children. Bananas are naturally sealed against germs, as are oranges, and like the orange they burn to a slightly alkaline base—the normal condition of the blood and digestive tract. They con tain vitamins A, B and C; although the quantities of these vitamins are not as great as those in some other foods, they are sufficient. Bananas are al ways plentiful and cheap. Unripe bananas are not digestible and should be cooked before being eaten. It is the opposite of economy and wholesome advice to Filipinos, to discourage the use as food of bananas. Tomato juice, too, strained to eliminate the seeds and pulp, serves every purpose of orange juice and supplies all the neces sary vitamins. offend the reason and the humanity of the pres ent age. But the primitive church, whose faith was of a much firmer consistence, delivered over, without hesitation, to eternal torture, the far greater part of the human species. A charitable hope might perhaps be indulged in favor of Socrates, or some other sages of antiquity, who had consulted the light of reason before that of the gospel had arisen. But it was unanimously affirmed that those who, since the birth or the death of Christ, had obstinately persisted in the worship of the daemons, neither deserved nor could expect a pardon from the irritated justice of the Deity. These rigid sentiments, which had been unknown to the ancient world, appear to have infused a spirit of bitterness into a sys tem of love and harmony. The ties of blood and friendship were frequently torn asunder by the difference of religious faith; and the Chris tians, who, in this world, found themselves oppressed by the power of the Pagans, were sometimes seduced by resentment and spiritual pride to delight in the prospect of their future triumph. “You are fond of spectacles,” ex claims the stern Tertullian; “expect the greatest of all spectacles, the last and eternal judgment of the universe. How shall I admire, how laugh, how rejoice, how exult, when I behold so many proud monarchs, and fancied gods, groaning in the lowest abyss of darkness; so many magis trates, who persecuted the name of the Lord, liquefying in fiercer fires than they ever kindled against the Christians; so many sage philosophers blushing in red-hot flames with their deluded scholars; so many celebrated poets trembling before the tribunal, not of Minos, but of Christ; so many tragedians, more tuneful in the expres sion of their own sufferings; so many dancers.” But the humanity of the reader will permit me to draw a veil over the rest of this infernal de scription, which the zealous African pursues in a long variety of affected and unfeeling witticisms. Doubtless there were many among the prim itive Christians of a temper more suitable to the meekness and charity of their profession. There were many who felt a sincere compassion for the danger of their friends and countrymen, and who exerted the most benevolent zeal to save them from the impending destruction. The careless Polytheist, assailed by new and unexpected terrors, against which neither his priests nor his philosophers could afford him any certain pro tection, was very frequently terrified and sub dued by the menace of eternal tortures. His fears might assist the progress of his faith and reason; and if he could once persuade himself to suspect that the Christian religion might possibly be true, it became an easy task to convince him that it was the safest and most prudent party that he could possibly embrace. (Continued in June) Used to It A fellow died and went to h—, Which he didn’t mind, of course, For in Manila, truth to tell, He had been on the force! Unpublished Order Arrest any man you see doing wrong, A doctor, a sage, a sawyer; But your place on the force won’t last very long If you ever arrest a lawyer! Reform A chief of police had a lot of authority And didn’t know how to use it, He reduced the force to a kind of sorority Where the password was “Excuse it!” Motto If you’ve got a good detective And he proves himself a man, You must act quick, to save the force, And give the rogue the can! May, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 23 The Manila Stock Market During April By W. P. G. Elliott Business in general has shown a steady in crease in practically all lines of trade, during the month just closed. Late cables from the United States relative to the nonimposition of restric tions on the islands' products have been of such reassuring character that a decided feeling of optimism for the future business of the year is heard on all sides. New Corporations.—The Sara-Ajui sugar cen tral capitalized at P3,000,000 and the United Shoe Machinery Corporation, capitalized at T6,000,000 have been registered. Another new corporation recently registered and already operating, is The Pure Cane Molasses Company capitalized at 1*100,000. This corporation is a subsidiary of the United Molasses Company of London, England. The new company pro poses to build tank installations in Manila and Iloilo for the storage of molasses, the company also owns a fleet of 20 modern tank ships for the transport of molasses for export. Supreme Court Decisions.—Two decisions recently rendered by the United States Supreme Court in Washington are unfavorable from a shareholders’ point of view, the first being that income from the sales of Philippine products in the United States marketed through foreign corporations are taxable under the Philippine internal revenue law. This question had been in abeyance since 1923, and while the importers in fact have been paying income tax on goods sold in the United States, the payments were always made under protest. The present decision serves finally to settle the question at issue. The second decision ruled that stock dividends in the Philippines are subject to in come tax, and this decision reverses the insular courts in the several cases brought before them. As the local supreme court was equally divided on this subject, it is thought that the question will be again brought up for trial and decision locally, in an endeavor to get a final ruling from the local supreme court. Publication of Banks Balance Sheets.—Amend ment of the banking laws to suit modern business conditions will be urged upon the legislature when it meets in July, it is reported. The al teration of the present banking laws that will be advocated, will deal with the publication of the balance sheets of the banks. It is pointed out that in the United States, banks publish their balance sheets monthly, stating the financial standing of the bank. The proponents of the amendment, however, do not advocate the monthly publication of balance sheets, but will urge a quarterly balance. This will be a The Philippine Guaranty Company, Incorporated (Accepted by all the Bureaus of the Insular Government) Executes bonds of all kinds for Customs, Immigration and Internal Revenue. DOCUMENTS SURETYSHIPS For Executors, Administrators, Receivers, Guardians, etc. We also write Fire and Marine Insurance Low rates iberal conditions ocal investments oans on real estate repayable by monthly or quarterly instal ments at low interest Call or write for particulars Room 403, Filipinas Bldg. P. O. Box 128 Manila, P. I. guarantee to the public, and at the same time serve as an advertisement for the banks.Banking and Exchange.—Total resources of Philippine banks continued their upward trend, until about the 20th of the month, when large OXYGEN Compressed Oxygen 99.5% pure HYDROGEN Compressed Hydrogen 99.8% pure ACETYLENE Dissolved Acetylene for all purposes WELDING Fully Equip ped Oxy-Ace tylene Weld ing Shops BATTERIES Prest-O-Lite Electric Stor age Batteries Philippine Acetylene Go. 281 CALLE CRISTOBAL, PACO MANILA, P. I. withdrawals were made for account of the quarterly sales taxes. These withdrawals were responsible for a sharp shrinkage in the cash position, and as a natural consequence foreign exchanges for gold dollars particularly, weakened considerably. The Stock Market.—The market has enjoyed a particularly busy month and as we have before pointed out a decided feeling of optimism prevails. Banks have been very active with fairly good sales of Bank of the Philippine Islands at Pl75. Hongkong Banks have been very actively traded in from HKS1250 the opening price, down to HKS1230'at the close. Chartered Banks had a large turnover at £19-3/8, and China Banks were placed at P90. Peoples Banks have been actively traded in at P107 and report an ex cellent first quarter for 1929. Surplus has increased by P33,316.64, deposits also increased P625,356.53 and total resources are now P10,000,000. In addition to the branch already estab lished at San Pablo, Laguna, another branch has been opened in Baguio, which will greatly aid in the development of the mountain capital. Iinsurances.—Unions of Canton after opening at HKS387 have declined to HKS380 on heavy trading. The Compañía Filipinas, Insular Life and Philippine Guaranty are firm with buyers at P3100, P350 and P350 respectively. Sugars.—Sugar shares have; shown more activity this month probably due to the reas suring cable advices that there will be no re strictions on Philippine sugars imported into the United States, and there is a growing feeling that the more seasoned sugar shares are buys at present prices. The San Carlos Milling Co. reports net profits at the close of the year, December 31, of $666,220.58 and the estimated crop for this year will be 30,500 tons according to the report of the company management. Bacolod-Murcias were in good demand and on fairly large transactions were placed at P7, Tarlacs were fairly heavily traded in at P170, and this central is, according to the latest reports, making an excellent showing for the year. Talisav-Silavs were placed at P25 and more are wanted at this figure. Carlotas on small tran sactions were done at P235. Pasudecos on heavy trading opened at P45, and closed at P46.50 bid with sellers at not better than P47. A large quantity of Bagos were placed in Hono lulu at P19.50. A fair sized parcel of Luzons changed hands at P1000. Victorias common were done at P165 and the preferred 9% were placed at Pl 10. Hawaiian-Philippines are in demand at P45. Plantations.—Plantations have been very inactive with no transactions reported in either Polos or Pamplonas. Mines.—Bcnguets have been heavily traded in at P2.75 throughout the month and more can be placed at this price. Balatocs have also continued steady with buyers at P2.40 and more of these are also wanted at the same figure. A record gold production is reported by the Benguet Consolidated Mining Co. and the Balatoc Mining Co. for the first quarter of this year. Benguet Consolidated produced during this period, gold valued at P839,658.92 and Balatoc during a similar period produced gold valued at P470,220.86. It is reported that Benguet will resume the payment of dividends in June. The new power plant on the Agno should be in operation by next October, thereby giving an impetus to exploration work and also sufficient power to run both plants as well as supplying current for lighting the city of Baguio and surrounding districts. Itogons continue firm and are nominal at P10. Industrials.—Philippine Educations have as usual been the outstanding feature in this list with large sales of preferred shares at Pl05. A small block of educations common are offered at Pl72.50, and this is the first offer to appear in the market for many months. Philippine Educations report sales for March, 1929 of P158,012.33, this being an increase over the same month last year of P35,942.28. Sales for the first quarter of 1929 show an increase of Pl 19,645.69 as compared with the correspond ing period last year. Philippine Educations have declared the usual quarterly dividend on the preferred of 2^% and have also declared a quarterly dividend on common shares of 3%. La Urbana 8% Liberadas were again active at P200. In the unlisted securities, Botica Boie common were placed at P200 for a moderate sized parcel and there are a few more offered at the same quotation. Bonds.—The bond market has been unusually active with large sales of Tarlacs 8%, Bais 8%. North Negros 8%, Polo Plantation 10%, all being placed at par plus accrued interest. Uni versity Club bonds are much in demand, but they will only be issued as the various stages of building warrants. The market closed firm with advancing price tendencies, the sales for the month aggregating 28,717 shares. INFORMATION FOR INVESTORS Expert, confidential reports made on Philippine projects ENGINEERING, MINING, AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, LUMBER, ETC. Hydroelectric projects OTHER COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES BRYAN, LANDON CO. Cebu, P. I. Cable address: “YPIL,” Cebu. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 24 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL May, 1929 SHIPPING REVIEW By H. M. CAVENDER General Agent, Dollar Steamship Line Co. According to Asso ciated Steamship Lines’ statistics, there were exported from the Phil ippines during January a total of 127,490 tons of cargo, moving in 72 ‘ vessels, made up as follows: To China and Japan 9843 tons; to the Pacific coast for local delivery 22,251 tons; to the Pacific coast, thence overland, 568 tons; to Pacific coast, thence intercoastal steamer to the Atlantic coast, 3929 tons; to the Atlantic coast 67,976 tons; to Europe 22,362 tons; to Australia 561 tons. Of the total cargo moving 70,330 tons, or 55%, moved by American bottoms. During February, there were exported from the Philippines a total of 114,412 tons of cargo, moving in 67 vessels, made up as follows: To China and Japan 9150 tons; to the Pacific coast for local delivery 23,412 tons; to the Pacific coast, thence overland, 474 tons; to the Pacific coast, thence intercoastal steamer to the At lantic coast, 1712 tons: to the Atlantic coast 58,619 tons; to Europe 20,253 tons; to Australia THE YOKOHAMA SPECIE BANK ■ LTD. ........... — (ESTABLISHED 1880) HEAD OFFICE: YOKOHAMA, JAPAN Capital (Paid Up) Reserve Fund Undivided Profits MANILA BRANCH 600 DASMARIÑAS, MANILA K. YABUKI Manager PHONE 2-37-59—MANAGER PHONE J 2-37-58—Export, Current Account, Cashier I 2-37-55—Import, Accountant 792 tons. Of the total cargo moving during February 55,687 tons, or 49%, was carried in American bottoms. Passenger traffic from Manila, both trans pacific and via Suez during April has shown considerable increase over any previous month of 1929, and in fact over any previous month in past years from the port of Manila. First figures represent first class, second figures steer age: To China and Japan 313-451; to Honolulu 8-585; to the Pacific coast 118-1549; to Singa pore and Straits Settlements 10-14; to Medi terranean ports 35-2. The largest individual sailing from Manila during April was the Em press of Russia, which sailed on April 26, carry ing from Manila first class, second class, third class and steerage a total of 683. This, however, is not the largest single shipment from Manila since January 1. Figures for Mediterranean ports are not complete as some lines have not been heard from. These figures are not as high as would be expected due to the lack of passenger accommodations. Many passengers have been obliged to go via Hongkong, taking British and French Lines from that port in order to reach their destinations on schedule. The figures of 1,549 steerage for Pacific coast exceed by far any previous month from Manila This is largely due to many passengers postponing their trip to the States until after termination of school, which was the latter part of March. Steamship lines have been unable to accommodate requests for steerage transportation and prospects are this will continue through the month of May and part of June. Yen 100,000,000.00 105,500,000.00 9,346,622.43 The Dollar Steamship Line has just received advice that the President Adams and President Harrison, completely reconditioned, will arrive in Manila on June 18 and July 2 respectively. These steamers have been remodeled on the same lines as the President Polk, passenger ac commodations being increased from 95 to ap proximately 210 first class passengers. Ad ditional deck space, lounge room and social halls have been added and the dining room has been increased in size to accommodate capacity list. The President Adams and the President Harrison both have four large suites; also, 31 large outside cabins with private bath. K. A. McLennan, president of the Japan Society of Vancouver, B. C., and head of the Terminal Dock and Warehouse Co., Ltd., of that port, accompanied by Mrs. McLennan, arrived in Manila April 15 aboard the President Madison. Major and Mrs. McLennan left Manila aboard the same liner April 20. Robert G. Kendall arrived in Manila April 15 aboard the President Madison to assume the position as assistant with the Columbia Pacific Shipping Company. E. J. Chalmers, of the Columbia Pacific Ship ping Co., left Manila April 26 aboard the Empress of Russia for Hongkong, where he will assume the position of assistant in the offices of his firm. M. J. Buckley, freight traffic manager of the Dollar Steamship Line, with headquarters at San Francisco, accompanied by Mrs. Buckley, arrived in Manila April 29 aboard the President Jackson. Mr. Buckley is touring the orient in the interest of his company and is leaving Manila May 4 aboard the President Jackson. Robert McClelland arrived in Manila April 24 aboard the Columbia Pacific steamer Pennsyl vania and will be connected with the operating department of that company in Manila. H. A. N. van Nieuwenhuyse, formerly con nected with the Java-China-Japan Line at Hongkong, arrived in Manila April 1 aboard the President Lincoln to relieve H. L. A. van Kretschmar, of the same company, who is leaving Manila on vacation. H. B. Beaumont of Montreal, J. J. Forster of Vancouver, B. C., and Ed Stone of Hongkong, all general passenger agents of the Canadian Pacific Ocean Service, arrived in Manila April 9 aboard the President Monroe. They were on an inspection trip and after spending five days in Manila sailed again on their return by the President Cleveland April 13. W. J. Jones, for the past two years with the passenger department of The Robert Dollar (Jo., Manila, has been transferred to the freight department in charge of claims. A. H. Terry announced last month the arrival at his home of an eight-pound girl. Mr. Terry is agent for The Robert Dollar Co. at Cebu. PONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL May, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 25 Schools Take a Look at Farming This excerpt from a general econ omic survey report is the work of a com mittee headed by Gilbert S. Perez, head of vocational education in the education bureau, who, incidentally, contributes to the Journal. What is published here will illustrate the general excellence of the report, now current in pamphlet form and ob tainable from the education bureau. Mr. Perez but recently left Manila to visit Europe and the Americas and observe the progress of vocational education in the temperate and tropic zones. He is one of the oldtimers in the civil service whose work is highly commendable. What is here published is the work of the subcommittee of which Dr. Toribio Vibar is chairman and José Camus, Faustino Reyes, and Ludovico Hidrosollo are members, Camus being assistant director of the agriculture bureau, Reyes head of the public lands division of the lands bureau, and Hidrosollo director of the nonchristian tribes bureau.—-Ed. Your committee considers the settlement of the public domain as the most vital factor in the economic development of the Philippines. Of our total area of 29,629,600 hectares of land, only 3,712,712 hectares were under cultivation in 1926 according to statistics issued by the Bureau of Commerce and Industry in 1927. It can be stated without fear of successful con tradiction that 10,000,000 hectares of the 25,906,888 hectares of uncultivated land are po tentially agricultural and subject to settlement. No factor can increase the taxable wealth of the Philippines more than making the agricul tural portions of the public domain productive. From these figures it is evident that a large part of the Philippines is at present uncultivated. There arc thousands of hectares of virgin land available for agriculture, but, unfortunately a large part of this area is not at present available for profitable agriculture. By profitable agri culture is meant not only the growing of agri cultural products, but also the possibilities of cultivating the crop at such a cost, and of selling the produce at such a price, as to make it a profitable undertaking to the farmer and his dependents. The committee has found that the reason these large areas are not occupied is not because of the lack of a desire of the people to go to the farms, but because of the absence of roads and means of communications which will make it easy for the settler to go from place to place and for him to sell his products after he has settled. Large tracts of virgin land are available, but most of this land is not connected with the Manila to New York via Suez and Europe See the Old World on your trip home. Stops of several days in many ports. You can travel through Europe and catch our boat for New York via Southampton, England, at Bremen. “The Most Interesting Trip In The World.” 90 Rosario, Manila NORDDEUTSCHER LLOYD Zuellig &• von Knobelsdorff Agents Phone 22324 markets by good roads. Thus it does not matter how efficient a farmer may be or how diligently he may apply himself to his work it is an im possibility for him to market his crop. The building of a road or of highways through a fertile unsettled section of a country has in variably been followed by a rush of settlers to that section of the country. The establishment of steamship lines to small settlements usually results in an increase in the number of settlers in that section, and a consequent decrease in the amount of good land open to homesteading. The extension of the railroad to the Bicol regions, the opening up of the interprovincial highways in Mindanao, and a road connecting the two coasts of Mindoro will do more to reduce the area of idle land in the Philippines than any system of education, or any campaign of pro paganda for the purpose of attracting more people to the farm. It should be noted that whenever conditions are favorable for settlement, the land is im mediately taken up. Along the coast of MinAMERICAN MAIL LINE DOLLAR STEAMSHIP LINE COMBINED TRANSPACIFIC SERVICE SAILING ONCE A WEEK The “President” Liners Offer Speed—Service—Courtesy—Comfort Excellent Food, Comfortable Cabins, Broad Decks, American Orchestra, Dancing, Swimming Pool, Sports SAILING ONCE A WEEK TO SAN FRANCISCO AND LOS ANGELES via Hongkong, Shanghai, Kobe, Yokohama, and Honolulu SAILINGS ON ALTERNATE FRIDAYS ROUND THE WORLD President Hayes - - - May 22 President Polk - - - - June 5 President Adams - - - June 19 President Garfield - - - July 3 President Harrison - - - July 17 Sailings every fortnight VICTORIA AND SEATTLE via Hongkong, Shanghai, Kobe, and Yokohama SAILINGS ON ALTERNATE SATURDAYS 24 Calle David MANILA Telephone No. 2-24-41 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 26 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL May, 1929 danao where there is no malaria and where the lanes of the sea may be used to carry the prod ucts to the market, land which was vacant four years ago has already been taken up and new settlers and small investors in farm lands have to return home disappointed, to wait for the opening of roads to the interior. Members of the committee who have gone to Mindanao have found that the number of settlers going to that region would be a revelation to those who believe that it will take more than a century to develop that large island. Some sections of Mindanao which are ideal locations in terms of soil fertility are so badly affected with malaria that the establishing of colonies without a thorough medical survey will be little less than criminal. One plantation colony in a section of this kind in northern Mindanao is making heroic efforts to survive. Pounds of quinine are consumed daily by the managers and the workers, but this measure is purely palliative. Without governmental aid in the form of more efficient sanitary and med ical force, the death toll will be too high a price to pay for the settlement of that particular region, in spite of its wonderful possibilities from a purely agricultural standpoint. The fact that in this place and in other similar When Telegraphing Use The Radiogram Route <• ORLD IDE IRELESS RADIO CORPORATION OF THE PHILIPPINES 25 PLAZA MORAGA Í 2-26-01 Phones: 2-26-02 Always Open | 2-26-03 fever-stricken sections, we find pioneers who are risking their lives, their meagre capital, and the lives and happiness of their families, is a proof that there is not as much of a disinclination towards the farm as some would have us believe. From the data gathered, it may be stated that the younger generation is not averse to life on the farm, nor are they unmindful of the need of the economic development of the country; but they are conservative about rushing into an unsettled portion of the country without capital, far away from friends and home and medical attendance, and exposed to malaria and other diseases which are common in all newly opened up tracts of land. It may be interesting to note in this connection that the percentage of young men failing as independent farmers is con siderably lower than the number failing in the business and commercial fields. Perhaps this very conservatism is more of a proof pf wisdom than an indication of inherent indolence or lack of enterprise. They evidently prefer to work at some other jobs until their financial condition is such that they are practically sure of making a success in farming. The committee also found that the conditions for marketing the products of the farm or the cattle ranch are far from being satisfactory. There is a great need for an organization for marketing. The tobacco producers are not bothered by their lack of knowledge of marketing, but rather by the lack of organization for market ing. Where there is an organization as is the case of sugar and copra, there is a high return for the labor and capital expended and a con tinued progress and development. These facts are stated because it is believed that conditions should be considered not as they should be but as they actually are. In the Philippines, capital costs from 50 to 100 per cent, while in the United States the rate of interest ranges from 5 to 6 per cent. Due to the lack of capital in the Philippines, the little capital that is available is more exacting, ex pects larger returns from its investment, and consequently is reluctant to increase the present wage scale. However, as the competition with countries which employ higher grades of labor increases, local capital will find that it can compete effectively with capital ofothercountries only by employing a higher class of better remun erated, more skilled, and more contented laborers. When the cost of capital approximates that of the United States, there will be no dearth of applicants for unsettled regions of Mindanao and Mindoro. No people have a greater desire to own land than the Filipinos, and the only things that keep them from getting the land are the lack of capital, the lack of transportation which will take them to the land and which will enable them to take their products to the market, and the lack of organization for marketing farm products. When capital is available at a low rate of interest, a system of good roads is expanded, and the facili ties for marketing farm productsare increased, un settled areas of fertile land will be a thing of the past. There are at present under the Bureau of Education fourteen agricultural schools (secon dary), sixteen farm schools (secondary), two farm schools (elementary), and 277 settlement farm schools (elementary). The objectives of these schools, which were organized for the oc cupational needs of the country, are essentially vocational. Although there may be some coun tries where it is possible to find better technical agricultural schools, there is no school organiza tion which has given more attention to a system of schools where the instruction includes actual job experiences under conditions as near as possible to those which the students will meet in actual life. Of the agricultural secondary, farm secondary and farm schools (elementary), 6 were opened in 1907 to 1910; 7 in 1911 to 1915; 11 in 1916 to 1920; 4 in 1921 to 1925; and 3 in 1926 to 1928. From these figures, it will be seen that the Bureau of Education has been opening agricultural schools at the rate of one a year since 1907. This rate is quite commendable consi dering the financial support given to the Bureau for agricultural-education work. Considerable efforts have been made to make the agricultural high schools as practical as possible. The first part of the school life of an agricultural high-school student is spent in communal enterprises, but during the last two years of the course, the student farmer leaves the school dormitory, lives on a miniature farm, cultivates his own home garden, raises his own pigs and chickens, brings his major field crop to the school granary, and receives from the school bank his share of the products. If he does not own the carabao, he has to deduct from his profit, the amount that in real life would be the rental of the work animals. In other words, he is made to feel that he is not only a student, but also a farmer with a far mer’s responsibilities and a farmer’s viewpoint. The Central Luzon Agricultural School, the Bukidnon Agricultural School, the Lagangilang Agricultural School and other large secondary agricultural schools are destined to be the safetyvalve of our community morale. Day by day we find among the young people of the country a growing spirit of unrest. The clerical positions formerly easily secured by high-school graduates are now growing more and more difficult to obtain. But this situation will gradually solve itself. Slowly, but surely, will come the realiza tion that schools like the Central Luzon Agri cultural School are the schools which will enable a graduate to find in his rice fields and coconut groves that financial independence which he formerly believed to be possible only in a lawyer’s office or at a doctor’s desk. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL May, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 27 REAL ESTATE By P. D. Carman San Juan Heights Addition Sales, City of Manila Sta. Cruz..................... Binondo....................... San Nicolas................. Tondo.......................... Sampaloc..................... San Miguel................. Quiapo......................... Intramuros.................. Ermita......................... Malate......................... Paco............................. Sta. Ana...................... Pandacan..................... Sta. Mesa.................... The year 1928 had the largest total sales since 1920. The first four months of 1929, however, exceed the same period of 1928 by F2,441,665. P3,160,862 P2,697,947 March 1929 April 1929 T 844,183 849,388 61,700 907,117 523,000 128,500 119,748 203,002 49,445 120,242 345,800 80,800 20,367 368,000 40 246,850 22,926 415,598 278.040 6,652 145,334 47,446 20,441 25,640 2,550 26,000 COPRA AND ITS PRODUCTS By E. A. Seidenspinner Vice-President and Manager, Copra Milling Corporation Copra.—During the closing days of April, the local copra market dis played such weakness as has not been seen for years and during early May a new low price level for the past five years will proba bly be set. This condition comes unquestionably as a result of large world stocks of Fats and Oils and a corresponding dis interest on the part of all large buyers toward taking on further business at present. Manila arrivals for April totalled approximately 243,871 bags which is very good considering the season of the year. With fundamentally weak conditions both on the Continent and in America, it is very improbable that the local copra market will improve for sometime to come. We quote from latest cables: Manila, buen corriente P9.50 to F9.75; arrival resecada P10.75 to Pl 1.00; San Francisco, $.04-1/4 nominal; London, Cebu sundried, dull, £21/17/6. Coconut Oil.—With heavy selling pressure from both U. S. and P. I. Crushers, the Amer ican market for this item declined approximately 1/2 cent per pound during the month. While the sum total of trading was not large, the inde pendence of buyers made it possible for them to reduce their ideas with each small purchase, and in the main these reductions were promptly accepted by sellers. Prices in all competing Fats and Oils are off from 1 /4 of a cent to 1 cent per pound, with no indication of improvement in the near future. Latest cable advices follow: San Francisco, $.07 to $.07-1/8 f.o.b. tank cars nominal; New York, $.07-1/4 c.i.f. with little buying interest; London, no quotations. Copra Cake.—The failure of a large Hamburg dealer in this commodity caused considerable weakness in Copra Cake during the month with price for futures quoted on a scale down. Local exporters are practically out of the market indicating P59.00 to P61.00 per metric ton ex godown. These prices are not attractive to local mills and very little business has been noted. Latest cable advices follow:. Hamburg, afloat £8/0/0; futures £8/6/0 to £8/10/0; San Francisco, meal $33.50 per ton of 2,000 lbs., nominal. TOBACCO REVIEW Alhambra Cigar and Cigarette Manufacturing Co. Raw leaf:—Shipments to European regie ad ministrations account for over 80% of last month’s export of leaf tobacco. The demand from the United States for Philippine stripped tobacco, while yet small in volume, shows neverthe less some increase. The market in tobacco for local consumption continues rather quiet. Ex port figures for April are as follows: Raw Leaf, Stripped Tobacco and Scraps—■ Kilos 9,695 923,073 China............. Czechoslovakia Cross America on the New Oi’ícnt¿il£ímífcd Seattle to Chicago—No Extra Fare Treated as an honored guest every moment you are on the Oriental Limited, you will find our afternoon teas just another expression of our hospitality. And every service you desire for luxurious living—showers, maid, valet, barber, hairdresser— unexcelled dining car service, lounge, and compartment observation car—will make you feel as much at ease as in your own home. En route you will traverse 60 miles of Glacier National Park and arrive in Chicago without change of cars to make direct connections for points East. Great Northern representatives board ship at Victoria to make reservations for you. Full information from Edw. A. Dye, General Agent 607 Hastings Street Vancouver, B. C. C. A. Gerken, General Agent 1009 Hearst Building San Francisco, Cal. J. Wesley Young, G. A.,P.D. 1205 Fourth Avenue Seattle, Wash. A. H. Hebb, Agent 916 Government Street Victoria, B. C. M. J. Costello, Western Traffic Manager Seattle, Wash. Cable address: Hillrail France................................. 523,130 Hongkong............................ 1,162 Japan.................................. 11,877 North Africa....................... 1,410 North Atlantic (Europe). . 188,612 Spain................................... 737,649 Straits Settlements............. 2,256 United States..................... 133,671 Total............................ 2,532,535 April 1928................... 294,582 Cigars'.—We are, unfortunately, compelled to report a new low record in shipments to the United States for April. This decrease.is due partly to overstocks in the States and partly to a strike in a local factory which, however, was settled at the end of the month. Comparative figures for cigar shipments to the United States are as follows: April 1929....................... 9,738,331 March 1929........................ 12,985,111 April 1928.......................... 12,011,584 Dependable Railway IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 28 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL May, 1929 REVIEW OF THE HEMP MARKET By L. L. Spellman Macleod and Company This report covers the Manila hemp market for the month of April with statistics up to and including April 29th, 1929. U. S. Grades:—The New York market at the beginning of the month was fairly steady with shippers offering the following prices: D, 17-3/4 cents; E, 16-1/2 cents; F, 14-1/8 cents; G, 8-1/2 cents; I, 13-1/8 cents; JI, 10 cents; SI, 13-3/4 cents; S2, 12-1/2 cents; S3, 10-1/8 cents. Buyers showed no desire to operate and owing to heavy receipts and large stocks in Manila, sellers endeavored to stimulate trade by reducing prices. By the end of the first week a decline of 1 cent a lb. had been recorded on most grades. The market continued dull and declining and by the 15th exporters were offering to sell at: D, 15-3/8 cents; E, 14-3/4 cents; F, 12-3/4 cents; G, 8-1/8 cents; I, 11-5/8 cents; JI, 9-1/2 cents; SI, 12-3/8 cents: S2, 10-7/8 cents; S3, 9-5/8 cents. Buyers in America continued to hold off and sales were few and far between and always at lower prices. At the end of the month the market was weak and nominal asking prices were: D, 14-3/4 cents; E, 14 cents; F, 12-1/8 cents; I, 11 cents; JI, 9-1/8 cents; SI, 11-5/8 cents; 52, 10-3/8 cents; S3, 9 cents. However, it is more than possible that shippers would have accepted lower prices. The decline for the month amounts to from 2-1/2 cents to 3 cents on the higher grades and from 1 cent to 1-1/2 cents on the lower U. S. grades. Jn Manila the market for U. S. grades was firm the first of the month with exporters paying the following prices: D, P38; E, P34; F, P31; G, ?19; I, F29; JI, F21; SI, P30; S2, P28; 53, P20, but owing to the entire lack of sales in New York, prices commenced to decline and most of the grades were down from P0.50 to Pl.00 during the first week. By the 15th exporters were buying at the following prices: D, P37; E, P34; F, P29; G, P17.50; I, F26; JI, P20.50; SI, P28; S2, P25; S3. P20. The market continued to decline and the end of the month found exporters reluctant buyers at the following prices: D, P34; E, P30.50; F, P26.50; G, P16.50; I, P24; JI, P19.50; SI, P25.50; S2, P23; S3, P18. Dealers and speculators seemed confident that there would be a reaction and only a small amount of hemp was being offered, the balance of it going into store awaiting better prices. U. K. Grades:—The first of the month found the U. K. market firm with buyers in the U. K. and on the Continent willing to pay the follow ing prices: J2, £37; K, £34.5; LI, £34; L2, £29; Ml, £30.10; M2, £28.10; DL, £28; DM, £26. The continued heavy receipts had their effect and prices commenced to give way. There was a better feeling toward the middle of the month and prices on the various grades were readjusted. Sellers were firm enough but buyers were showing very little interest. Nominal prices were: J2, £37.15; K, £33.15; LI, £34; L2, £31; Ml, £31; M2, £27; DL, £27; DM, £34. From the middle to the end of the month U. K. and Continental buyers bought sparingly and as a result prices declined and the end of the month found shippers quoting as follows: J2, £36.10, K, £31.5; LI, £31.10; L2, £29; Ml, £29; M2, £25; DL, £26; DM, £23. The losses for the month range from 10/- to £3 a ton. In Manila the market was fairly steady at the beginning of the month with buyers at: J2, F17; K, P16; LI, P15.50; L2, P12.50; Ml, P13.50; M2, P12; DL, P12; DM, Pll. The market here was more or less quite and by the middle of the month prices had readjusted themselves to agree with the selling markets. On the aver age, prices were slightly lower. Quotations were as follows: J2, P17.50; K, P15.25; LI, P15.25; L2, P13; Ml, P13.50; M2, 11.50; DL, P11.75; DM, P10.25. The latter half of the month prices declined rapidly on account of it being impossible to dispose of fiber in the consuming markets and the market closed with prices nominally as follows: J2, P16.25; K, P14; LI, P14; L2, P12.25; Ml, P12.25; M2, P10.75; DL, Pll; DM, P9.50. Exporters were not overly anxious to buy while on the other hand the dealers believed prices offered were entirely too low and in most cases were below the cost of the hemp they had for sale. Some quiet transactions were made at prices above the quotations on certain grades while other hemp went into store. Japan:—This market continues to buy cau tiously and reports would indicate that there is a fair stock of hemp on hand in Japan. Ship ments so far this year to Japan have been 50 per cent higher than they were a year ago. Maguey:—The local mills bought a fair quan tity of Manila Maguey during the early part of the month but later the demand seemed to fall off and as a result speculators in the Sinait district commenced buying to store. The ex porters could not afford to pay the prices asked nor compete with the local manufacturers as the fiber at present prices is entirely too dear for the U. S. and U. K. spinners. Cebu Maguey continues in full production and prices declined about Pl.00 during the month. Production:—Receipts continued full and while less than during February and March, still averaged over 32,000 bales a week. Receipts for the first two weeks in May are estimated at 60,000 bales so there are still no signs of the predicted shortage. From the provinces we continue to hear reports of production falling off but there is sufficient hemp in store to keep up receipts for some time. Freight Rates:—There is no change in rates on hemp since the last report. CHARTERED BANK °r C',I';™,,A Capital and Reserve Fund........................................£7,000,000 Reserve Liability of Proprietor................................ 3,000^000 MANILA BRANCH established 1872 SUB-BRANCHES AT CEBU, ILOILO AND ZAMBOANGA Every description of banking business transacted. Branches in every important town throughout India, China, Japan, Java, Straits Settlements, Federated Klalay States, French Indo-China, Siam, and Borneo; also in New York. Head Office: 38 Bishopsgate, London, E. C. T. H. FRASER, Manager, Manila. Statistics:—The figures below are for the period ending April 29th, 1929: Manila Hemp On hand Januarv 1............. Receipts to date................. 1929 Bales 158,452 587,867 1928 Bales 139,632 453,886 Shipments to— 746,319 593,518 United Kingdom............ 110,809 127,587 Continent........................ 59,635 62,847 United States................. 189,908 119,081 Japan............................... 156,133* 103,828 All Others....................... 25,632 36,916 542,117 450,259 The Pagan Chinee W herever you go in these islands, you see The general store of the pagan Chinee. He has money to lend on scant surety— He’s a popular man, this pagan Chinee. His food is all boiled, and for water, hot tea—. He thrives in the tropics, this pagan Chinee. He buys everything at a moderate fee, But he buys everything, this pagan Chinee. He sells everything that could possibly be In any demand, this pagan Chinee. He’s a patron of course of the church jubilee, The parish fiesta, this pagan Chinee. He’s oft shaken down by candidates, he Expects nothing less, this pagan Chinee. He reckons the cost and abides patiently All things as they are, this pagan Chinee. With methods eclectic he’s royally free1 To meet all conditions, this pagan Chinee. The incense of poppy, the deftly cooked pea, Brings dreams of grandeur to this pagan Chinee. At cockpit and monte he often will see If Lady Luck favors the pagan Chinee, THE MANILA HOTEL LEADING HOTEL IN THE ORIENT Designed and constructed to secure coolness, sanitation and comfort under tropic climatic conditions Provides every Western convenience combined with every Oriental luxury Finest Dance Orchestra in the Far East Management - - WALTER E. ANTRIM On his own holidays he indulges a spree— He’s not very saintly, this pagan Chinee. Grown wealthy, at last he departs o’er the sea To the land of his fathers, this pagan Chinee. Then another begins who is younger than he, A poor man, soon rich—a pagan Chinee. O Christian, behold! Can you ever be The peer of this merchant, the pagan Chinee? IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL May, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 29 APRIL ,SUGAR REVIEW By George H. Fairchild New York Market: —Owing to the con tinued abundance of sup plies in Cuba and At lantic Coast ports, the weakness of the market of the previous month was maintained during the first two days of the month under review, with quotations at 1-7/8 cents c. and f. (3.65 cents 1. t. for Philippine centrifugals). On the 4th, however) the mar ket became nervous and prompt shipment of Cubas were sold at 1-13/16 cents c. and f. (3.58 cents 1. t.) and 6,000 tons of Philippine sugar afloats for February shipment changed hands at 3.55 cents 1. t. In the second week, owing to the deliberations of the House Ways and Means Committee on the tariff question, the New York sugar market became firmer and prompt shipment of Cubas were sold on the 11th at 1-15/16 cents c. and f. (3.71 cents 1. t.). On the 12th, Czarnikow bought spot parcels at 1.98 cents c. and f. (3.75 cents 1. t.). which move was considered significant. In the third week, an improvement was noted in the market, when, after considerable sales of Cubas were made on the basis of 1-31/32 cents c. and f. (3.74 cents 1. t.) for April shipment and 2 cents c and f. (3.77 cents 1. t.) for May shipment, the market closed easy. This spurt in the market was ascribed to the following reasons: (1) a natural reaction from abnormally low price levels, (2) the belief that the Guma-Meyer estimate of the Cuban crop of over 5,000,000 tons was too high, (3) a broader buying interest due to expectations of an increase in the U. S. Tariff and (4) the formation of a pool by certain large Cuban interests for the disposal of the balance of their crop. In the fourth week a firmer tone deve loped and sales of present shipment of Cubas were made at 1-15/16 cents c. and f. (3.71 cents 1. t.). The visible stocks in the U. K., U. S., Cuba, and European statistical countries at the end of April were 6,448,000 tons as compared with 5,808,000 tons last year and 5,543,000 tons in 1927. The total sugar production of the world is estimated at 28,344,000 metric tons for 1928-29 as compared with 26,685,000 tons for 1927-28. The sugar cane crop in raws this year is esti mated at 18,781,000 metric tons as against 17,536,000 tons for last year. The total beet output for 1928-29 is estimated at 9,563,000 metric tons as against 9,149,000 tons for 1927-28. There still seems to be less justification than ever for the belief in an improvement in prices. There is an overproduction of sugar which is the main factor responsible for the decline in values. The hope expressed in some quarters that the exceptionally cold European winter might reduce the area to be planted to beets this year was not justified since the latest information is to the effect that the areas will be slightly greater than the sowings of last year. Futures. Quotations on the New York Exchange during April fluctuated as foilows: High Low Latest 1929—May... 1.94 1.83 1.87 July.. . 2.06 1.93 1.94 Sept.. . . ... 2.10 1.98 1.98 Dec...... ... 2.17 2.06 2.06 Jan....... ... 2.19 2.08 2.08 1930—March.. ... 2.23 2.13 2.13 Philippine Sales. During the month under review, sales of Philippine centrifugals in the Atlantic Coast—afloats, near arrivals, and for future deliveries—amounted to 45,000 tons at prices ranging from 3.55 cents to 3.90 cents 1. t. as compared with sales amounting to 23,200 tons at prices ranging from 4.28 cents to 4.61 cents 1. t. during the same period last year. Local Market:—The local centrifugal market was firm in the month under review and moderate ly large transactions were effected at P9.00 per picul, although limited quantities were also effected, in sympathy with the U. advices, at P8.75-P8.875 per picul. Muscovado prices were unchanged on the basis of P6.50 per picul for No. 3 at the beginning of the month. The market became weaker at the close of the month with quotations on the basis of P6.00 per picul for No. 3, owing to the falling off in the Chinese demand. Crop Prospects-.—With a few centrals still grinding, the centrifugal sugar production of the Philippines for 1928-29, under favorable weather conditions following the severe typhoon of last November, will be larger than the 1927-28 production; it is too early as yet to say how much the main gain will be on Luzon due very largely to exceptionally favorable weather conditions. It is thought no discriminatory or restrictive legislation against Philippine sugar will be enact ed by Congress during its present special session. An increase in the U. S. Tariff to the basis of 3 cents per lb. is hoped for in some quarters, which would mean that Cuba would pay 2.40 cents as duty instead of as at present of 1.764 cents per lb. Philippine Exports. Exports of sugar from the Philippines for the 1928-29 crop from Novem ber 1, 1928, to April 30, 1929, amounted to 294,091 tons, segregated as follows: “North Coast Limited” “Finest”— “the finest train in the world and I have traveled on all that are worth talking about”—Samuel Hopkins Adams, Auburn, N. Y* “Best”— “equipment the very best, service splen did—a wonderful train”—N. A. Peter son, San Francisco. ______ AJOW on a new, fast schedule—68 hours between the North Pacific Coast and Chicago! Leaves Seattle at 11:00 A. M. for all the principal cities of the United States. Two days of sightseeing through America’s greatest mountains. A particularly satisfying feature of Northern Pacific travel is its diner service. New-style Observation-Club car with deep, restful lounge—cushioned chairs—library—writing corner—club rooms— showers—and maid and valet service. The Japan Tourist Bureau, American Express Company, Thos* Cook & Son, Shanghai Commercial & Savings Bank, or any trans Pacific steamship company will gladly furnish additional information* Oswald Crawford, G. A. 501 Granville Street Vancouver, B. C. R. J. Tozer. A. G. P. A. 200 U G. Smith Bldft. Seattle, Wash., U. S. A. Northern Pacific Railway (352) “First of the Northern Transcontinentals99 Metric Ton> Centrifugals........... 279,714 Muscovados........... 9,403 Refined................... 4,974 Total................... 294,091 Java Market:—The Java market was steady in the first week, but in the second week prices declined due to sales of further Cuban cargoes to Far Eastern countries. The following are the latest quotations: Spot and May shipment Superiors Gs. 13% = P7.40, per P. I. picul f. o. b. June shipment Superiors Gs. 13 = P7.02, per P. I. picul f. o. b. July-August shipment Superiors Gs. 12% = P6.89, per P. I. picul f. o. b. The latest estimate by Java sugar producers of the 1929 crop is placed at 3,025,000 tons. Irregular Sparking A girl and a fellow named Bissing In a Lizzie antique began kissing—• A near-sighted spinster Heard the noise in the minster And called “You’ve a cylinder missing.” E. E. Blackwood, G. A. 912 Government Street Victoria, B. G. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 30 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL May, 1929 Commercial Printing is a silent but powerful messenger, and your letter heads, billheads, cards, envelopes, etc., when well printed, all help to build up that feeling of confidence so much desired in this modern business age. Close personal attention to every phase of a printed job is an invariable feature of McCullough Service, and our repu tation for producing good printing merits your patronage. McCullough printing company íoí escolta Phone 21801 manila, p. i. It’s a Great Refrigerator ELECTRO LUX GAS REFRIGERATOR MADE BY SERVEL................................................................ NEW YORK Light the tiny gas flame and forget about the problem of efficient refrigeration in your home. Dependable, efficient, economical, clean. Four handsome models from which to select; priced from P495.00 and up with liberal time payments if desired. Come in and let us arrange to install one in your home and let us look after the refrigeration for you. Manila Gas Corporation Main Office: Downtown Showroom: Calle Otis, Paco. Tel. 5-69-34 7 Calle David. Tel. 2-16-43 REVIEW OF THE EXCHANGE MARKET By Richard E. Shaw Manager, International Banking Corporation Buying rates for U. S$ TT held firm at 3/4% p. m. until the 20th of April when heavy withdrawals, made by clients to meet the quarterly sales tax payments, so depleted the Banks’ cash reserves that rates dropped to 3/8% p. m. but later reacted and closed slight ly firmer. During the last ten days of April selling rates weakened perceptibly and there were general sellers of U. S. $ TT at 7/8% p. m. The market gave some slight indications of increasing strength at the close. Purchases of telegraphic transfers made from the Insular Treasurer since last report have been as follows: Week ending March 23rd............... Nil. Week ending March 30th............... $370,000 Week ending April 6th.................. 1,015,000 Week ending April 13th.............. 1,100,000 With minor fluctuations of 1/16 d. Sterling rates held steady with sellers of TT at 2/-7/16 and buyers at 2/-9/16. The New York-London cross-rate closed on March 30th at 485-1/4, touched a low of 4857/32 on April 4th, was high at 485-7/16 on April 8th and again during the period April 11th to April 17th inclusive, and was quoted at 485 5/16 on the last day of the month. The quotation for London Bar Silver on March 30th warf 25-5/16 ready and 26 forward. The high points for April were 25-15/16 ready and 26 forward on April 2nd and April 11th, while a low of 25-5/16 ready and 25-5/16 forward was reached on April 30th. On March 30th New York Bar Silver was quoted at 56-1/4, which was also the high point for April. The closing quotation of 54-5/8 on April 30th was the low for the month. Telegraphic 'Transfers on other points were quoted as follows on the 30th of April: Paris, 12.40; Madrid, 147%; Singapore, 114%; Japan, 91%; Shanghai, 81; Hongkong, 98%; India, 135; Java 122%. THE RICE INDUSTRY By Percy A. Hill of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija, Director, Rice Producers’ Association The market' for both palay and rice is steady with the exception of the southern islands where demand has fallen off due to stocks on hand. The prices re main the same as those of last review except the superior class of rice which has regis- ' tered a small advance being P9.10-P9.15 per sack. Advices from Saigon show demand steady and prices as a consequence advancing. This is due in part to Chinese demand. The Shanghai Rice Dealers Associa tion estimates the present rice crop as only 5,400,000 short tons as against a normal 15,000,000 tons. This decrease is due in part to floods, insect pests, droughts, civil wars and economic chaos in the producing regions, and the demand for rice has stiffened prices in all expert countries. The reduction of certain areas devoted to rice has been noted in the Orient, due to floods; in fact Korea permanently lost an area of some 21,000 acres of lands totally swept away by uncontrolled floods during this last season. Rice merchants of Cebu intend to import direct from Saigon, saving the high transshipping freights from Manila. The proposed floating of an additional P10,000,000 of irrigation bonds for further extension of irrigation does not look like a wise move at present. There are still a number of projects unfinished, and the collection of water fees is still far from perfect. In this connection we might point out that the systems underway should insure a sufficient supply until popula tion demands further extension. Over-pro duction with no profitable markets is a danger to be avoided by the industry. We should make haste slowly in view of conditions affecting the rice-producer these last three years. Under normal conditions we are self-sustaining, hence further extension (at a price) is not a wise move at present. RAIL COMMODITY MOVEMENTS By L. Arcadio Acting Traffic Manager, Manila Railroad Company The following commodities were received in Manila March 26 to April 25, both inclusive, via Manila Railroad: Rice, cavans................... A pril 234,250 March 206,625 Sugar, piculs................... 315,784 516.768 Tobacco, bales 4,560 360 Copra, piculs.................. 115,550 131,500 Coconuts.......................... 2,421,650 2,725,800 Lumber, B. F................. 357,750 318,600 Desiccated c 0 c 0 n u t s, cases............................. 15,170 16,810 77V RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL May, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 31 PRINCIPAL EXPORTS . - Monthly average for 12 months Commodities February, 1929 February, 1928 ending February, 1929. Quantity Value % Quantity Value % Quantity Value % Sugar.............................................................................................. ............................. 0£,879,093 1*14,538,198 43.9 78,373,142 1*12,721,837 46.8 46,433,208 P7,718,651 29.5 Hemp............................................................................................. ............................. 14,248,109 4,542,551 13.7 14,695,543 4,912,829 18.0 15,101,273 4,504,200 17.2 Coconut Oil................................................................................. ............................. 15,632,116 5,126,566 15.4 8,836,609 3,019,999 11.0 12,480,867 4,099,151 15.6 Copra............................................................................................. ............................. 10,240,715 1,964,788 5.8 7,539,809 1,444,128 5.2 19,912,728 3,991,467 15.2 Cigars (Number)........................................................................ ............................. 13,951,000 575,846 1 .6 18,671,002 804,158 2.8 18,599,934 793,492 2.9 Embroiderv................................................................................. 798,018 2.3 796,886 2.8 790,296 2.9 Maguev......................................................................................... ............................. 1,707,374 402,336 1.3 1,811,483 396,186 1.3 1,413,736 287,751 1.1 Leaf Tobacco............................................................................... ............................. 3,611,444 1,172,396 3.5 2,450,541 769,931 2.7 1,782,236 533,603 1.9 Desiccated and Shredded Coconut....................................... ............................. 1,655,255 555,336 1.7 1,217,354 441,818 1.5 1,684,736 609,929 2.2 Hats (Number)........................................................................... ............................. 140,939 758,098 2.3 72,213 332,739 1.1 130,400 628,754 2.3 Lumber (Cubic Meter)............................................................ ............................. 12,291 437,094 1.3 7,989 233,198 0.7 13,835 481,654 1.7 Copra Meal................................................................................. ............................. 11,270,962 846,095 2.6 3,565,108 241,060 0.7 6,924,945 503,452 1.8 Cordage......................................................................................... ............................. 664,594 370,959 1.1 638,119 358,131 1.2 336,870 304,733 1.0 Knotted Hemp........................................................................... ............................. 77,182 275,252 0.8 14,258 44,401 0.1 33,282 107,859 0.4 Pearl Buttons (Gross).............................................................. . ............................. 56,746 51,882 0.1 113,144 105,476 0.2 69,213 63,406 0.2 Canton (low grade cordage fiber)........................................................................ 369,510 70,803 0.2 592,160 139,714 0.3 601,825 111,805 0.4 All Other Products.................................................................... 629,531 1 .9 708,354 2.5 841,753 3.2 Total Domestic Products........................................................... 1*32,951,784 99.5 1*27,287,792 99.7 1*26,219,075 99.5 United States Products.............................................................. 75,313 0.2 101,249 0.2 119,303 0.4 Foreign Products......................................................................... 88,952 0.3 81,804 0.1 34,078 0.1 Grand Total................................................................. P33, 11*6,049 100.0 P27.470.845 100.0 1*26,371,956 100.0 NOTE:—All quantities are in kilos except where otherwise indicated. CARRYING TRADE PRINCIPAL IMPORTS Articles February, 1929 Monthly average for February, 1928 12 months ending February, 1929. Value % Value % Value % Cotton Cloths................... P3,833,855 16.4 P2,914,993 14.5 P3,455,007 15.2 Other Cotton Goods........ 794,472 2.5 905,166 4.5 1,187,940 5.3 Iron and Steel, Except Machinery..................... 1,766,577 7.0 1,264,361 6.3 1,897,036 8.4 Rice..................................... 643,645 2.8 121,605 0.6 534,198 2.5 Wheat Flour...................... 332,636 1.4 1,041,821 5.2 845,516 3.8 Machinery and Parts of.. 1,643,081 6.5 953,751 4.7 1,429,581 6.3 Dairy Products................. 751,677 3.3 537,565 2.6 618,712 2.8 Gasoline............................. 252,795 1.1 649,861 3.2 650,055 3.0 Silk Goods......................... 671,948 3.0 653,414 3.2 684,853 3.1 Automobiles....................... 1,090,338 4.0 905,553 4.5 749,401 3.4 Vegetable Fiber Goods... 400,275 1.8 291,531 1.4 436,406 2.0 Meat Products.................. 372,678 •1.6 423,420 2.1 521,045 2.4 Illuminating Oil................ 662,816 2.1 247,384 1.2 261,475 1.3 Fish and Fish Products.. 364,485 1.7 379,098 1.8 371,456 1.7 Crude Oil........................... 18,823 0.1 171,200 0.7 209,930 1.0 Coal..................................... 204,448 1.0 291,360 1.5 410,815 1.9 Chemicals, Dyes, Drugs, Etc................................... 340,645 1.5 310,182 1.6 400,539 1.8 Fertilizers........................... 853,128 3.8 544,303 2.8 276,977 1.3 Vegetable........................... 355,916 1.6 191,326 1.0 359,665 1.7 Paper Goods, Except Books............................. 349,485 1.5 247,106 1.3 415,925 1.9 Tobacco and Manufac tures of.......................... 605,201 2.7 1,048,780 5.3 583,191 2.7 Electrical Machinery.. .. 344,764 1.5 352,721 1.8 384,058 1.9 Books and Other Printed Matters........................... 102,542 0.5 166,660 0.9 217,491 1.1 Cars and Carriages, Ex cept Autos..................... 79,027 0.4 343,041 1.8 224,186 1.1 Automobile Tires............. 267,448 1.3 97,519 0.5 265,497 1.3 Fruits and Nuts............... 324,450 1.5 437,786 2.2 285,199 1.4 Woolen Goods.................. 104,708 1.1 102,055 0.6 118,810 0.6 Leather Goods.................. 234,015 0.8 242,398 1.5 242,425 1.2 Shoes and Other Foot ware................................. 161,850 0 4 302,421 1.6 140,811 0.7 Coffee................................. 83,398 0.7 128,317 0.7 160,166 0.7 Breadstuff, Except Wheat Flour................. 135,336 1.2 132,946 0.7 180,561 0.8 Eggs..................................... 261,997 0.5 133,554 0.7 184,479 0.8 Perfumery and Other Toilet Goods................. 100,791 0.7 94,638 0.5 135,343 0.6 Lubricating Oil................. 140,983 0.4 164,435 0.9 196,228 0.9 Cacao Manufactures, Ex cept Candy................... 73,554 0.7 121,563 0.7 147,376 0.7 Glass and Glassware. ... 135,542 0.6 179,226 0.9 174,676 0.8 Paints, Pigments, Var nish, Etc........................ 116,429 0.7 113,389 0.6 155,327 0.7 Oils not separately listed. 144,285 0.4 54,229 0.3 144,607 0.7 Earthen Stones and Chinaware..................... 72,778 0.7 155,411 0.8 129,682 0.6 Automobile Accessories.. 137,885 0.5 61,090 0.4 147,482 0.7 Diamond and Other Pre cious Stones Unset.. .. 96,812 0.5 147,775 0.8 127,418 0.6 Wood, Bamboo, Reed, Rattan............................ 101,921 0.5 52,994 0.3 114,608 0.5 India Rubber Goods. . .. 75,747 0.4 96,243 0.5 117,768 0.5 Soap..................................... 104,615 0.5 155,446 0.8 184,662 0.8 Matches............................. 35,280 0.2 157,492 0.8 92,178 0.4 Cattle................................. 24,750 0.2 30,521 0.2 Explosives.......................... 64,183 0.3 18,055 0.1 35,579 0.2 Cement............................... 57,300 0.3 79,749 0.4 91,067 0.4 Sugar and Molasses........ 112,444 0.6 76,356 0.4 81,753 0.4 Motion Picture Films. .. 58,738 0.3 19,002 0.1 29,468 0.1 All Other Imports.......... 5,169,649 13.5 1,284,139 6.5 1,895,778 8.3 Total....................... 1*21,523,295 100.0 1*19,559,380 100.0 1*22,624,917 100.0 IMPORTS Monthly average for February, 1929 February, 1928 12 months ending Nationality of February, 1929. Vessels Value % Value % Value % American................. ......... P 9,339,661 42.7 P10,906,908 54.8 P10,055,781 43.9 British....................... ........ 7,478,169 34.2 5,554,971 28.0 7,578,754 33.2 Japanese................... ......... 761,907 3.7 841,208 7.4 952,355 4.4 Dutch....................... ......... 460,598 2.3 262,535 1.6 636,196 3.0 German..................... ......... 1,160,038 5.5 928,931 4.9 1,534,017 6.8 Norwegian............... ......... 930,853 4.5 16,958 0.8 723,879 3.3 Philippine................. 117,209 0.8 137,138 0.7 Spanish..................... ........ 148,432 0.9 167,737 1.1 157,623 0.8 Chinese..................... ......... 45,235 0.4 25,526 0.3 60,039 0.4 Swedish..................... ........ 629 14,411 0.2 Dannish................... ......... 600,980 2.9 42,298 0.3 Csechoslovak........... 1,340 French..................... 56,277 0.4 By Freight............... By Mail................... Total............. ......... P20.926.502 ......... 596,793 97.1 2.9 P18,821,983 737,397 96.2 3.8 P21.997.229 628,688 97.3 2.7 ......... P21.523.295 100.0 P19.559.380 100.0 P22,624,917 100.0 EXPORTS Monthly average for February, 1929 February, 1928 12 months ending Nationality of February, 1929. vessels Value % Value % Value % American................ .......... P16,888,837 51.6 Pll,448,316 42.1 P12.079.766 45.3 British...................... .......... 6,351,598 19.1 11,090,509 40.9 7,942,759 29.4 Japanese.................. ........... 2,689,204 8.0 2,082,538 7.5 2,550,628 9.7 German.................... .......... 956,353 2.8 711,845 2.5 894,420 3.4 Norwegian......................... 3,228,977 9.7 1,245,632 4.4 529,268 2.0 Spanish..................... 101,201 0.4 Dutch....................... 1.5 193,543 0.5 542,796 2.1 Philippine................. 18,449 218,259 0.8 Chinese..................... ......... 36,200 0.1 36,171 0.1 10,769 Swedish..................... ......... 132,113 0.4 348,799 1.3 French..................... 4,880 Dannish................... ........ 1,149,033 3.4 420,289 1.6 By Freight.............. ......... P31,967,810 96.6 P26,827,403 97.8 P25.326.670 96.Ó By Mail................... ......... 1,148,239 3.4 643,442 2.2 1,045,286 4.0 Total............. ........ P33,116,049 100.0 P27,470,845 100.0 P26.371.956 100.0 TRADE WITH THE UNITED STATES AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES Monthly average for February, 1929 February, 1928 12 months ending Ports _______________________________________ February, 1929 Value % Value % Value % Manila...................... ........ P35.555.521 64.7 P30,477,769 65.0 P32,947,012 67.2 Iloilo......................... ......... 10,900,728 19.9 9,406,738 20.2 6,770,570 13.8 Cebu......................... 10.1 5,717,097 12.2 6,509,201 13.3 Zamboanga.............. ........ 547,108 1.1 373,359 0.9 583,055 1.2 Jolo........................... ......... 51,081 0.2 133,374 0.4 106,397 0.2 Davao....................... ........ 1,402,121 2.7 739,384 0.7 1,255,860 2.6 Legaspi..................... ........ 674,489 1.3 182,504 0.5 824,862 1.7 Total............ ........ P54,639,344 100.0 P47,030,225 100.0 P48,996,957 100.0 TRADE WITH THE UNITED STATES AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES Countries February, 1929 February, : Monthly average for L928 12 months ending February, 1929. Value % Value % Value % United States............... .. P41.981.033 76.4 P34,765,597 73.0 P33.893.509 69.1 United Kingdom.......... 1,431,281 2.7 2,836,046 5.9 2,209,489 4.9 Japan.............................. 2,874,478 5.3 2,659,165 5.3 3,303,597 6.6 China.............................. 1,292,903 2.4 1,216,468 4.6 1,737,483 3.5 French East Indies. .. 631,731 1.2 122,632 0.4 538,943 1.1 Germany......................... 1,188,768 2.2 922,453 1.9 1,213,040 2.5 Spain............................... 1,246,183 2.3 435,077 0.8 1,057,953 2.2 Australia......................... 270,889 0.5 310,267 0.6 506,078 1.0 British East Indies. . . 614,565 1.1 633,185 1.2 709,622 1.4 Dutch East Indies.. .. 266,897 0.5 259,695 0.3 545,731 1.1 France........................... 367,213 0.7 466,988 0.9 786,784 1.6 Netherlands................... 363,474 0.7 199,194 0.3 346,012 0.7 Italy................................ 619,645 1.1 570,581 1.1 344,506 0.7 Hongkong....................... 269,028 0.5 430,884 0.8 280,224 0.6 Belgium.......................... 222,308 0.4 358,075 0.7 471,504 0.9 Switzerland.................... 195,257 0.4 157,030 0.2 284,660 0.6 Japanese-China............. 121,931 0.2 52,298 0.1 100,160 0.7 Siam............................... 51,119 0.1 50,117 0.1 33,163 0.1 Sweden........................... 95,658 0.2 74,634 0.2 93,315 0.2 Canada........................... 82,298 0.2 62,053 0.1 105,406 0.2 Norway........................... 100,669 0.2 73,981 0.1 Austria............................ 5,288 15,861 17,601 Denmark.......................... 43,807 0.1 43,955 0.1 32,386 0.1 Other Countries............ 302,921 0.6 220,213 0.5 311,810 0.6 Total..................... . P54.639.344 100.0 P47,030,225 100.0 P48,996,957 100.0 32 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL May, 1929 BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL DIRECTORY Kerr Steamship Co., Inc. General Agents “SILVER FLEET” Express Freight Services Philippines-New York via Java and Singapore Roosevelt Steamship Agency Agents Chaco Bldg. Phone 2-14-20 Manila, P. I. Myers-Buck Co., Inc. Surveying and Mapping PRIVATE MINERAL AND PUBLIC LAND 316 Carriedo Tel. 2-16-10 "TL’GARCl/v^ STA. POTENCIANA 32 TEL. 22715 GjT<S COLOR PLATES HALF—TONES ZINC-ETCHING Jjj PHILIPPINES COLD STORES Wholesale and Retail Dealers in American and Australian Refrigerated Produce STORES AND OFFICES Calle Echague Manila, P. I. MACLEOD & COMPANY Manila Cebu Vigan Davao Iloilo Exporters of Hemp and Maguey Agents for INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER GO. Agricultural Machinery UNIVERSAL BATTERIES P26.50 One Year Guarantee CARO ELECTRICAL SERVICE 110 P. Faura Tel. 5-69-44 fi « » f CHINA BANKING CORPORATION MANILA, P. I. Domestic and Foreign Banking of Every Description “LA URBANA” (Sociedad Mútua de Construcción y Préstamos) Préstamos Hipotecarios Inversiones de Capital 111 Plaza Sta. Cruz Manila, P. I. P. O. Box 1394 Telephone 22070 J. A. STIVER Attorney-At-Law Notary Public Certified Public Accountant Investments Collections Income Tax 121 Real, Intramuros Manila, P. I. HANSON & ORTH, Inc. Manila, P. I. Buyers and Exporters of Hemp and Other Fibers 612-613 Pacific Bldg. Tel. 2-24-18 BRANCHES: New York—London—Merida—Davao MADRIGAL & CO. 8 Muelle del Banco Nacional Manila, P. I. Coal Cont r actors and Coconut Oil Manufacturers MILL LOCATED AT CEBU SALEEBY FIBER CO., INC. Fiber Merchants P. O. Box 1423 Manila, P. I. Room 318, Pacific Building Cable Address: “SALEFIBER” Derham Building Phone 22516 Manila P. O. Box 2103 MORTON & ERICKSEN, INC. Surveyors AMERICAN BUREAU OF SHIPPING Marine and Cargo Surveyors Sworn Measurers REMEMBER The JOURNAL is a mighty good publication to send to someone in the United States whom you wish to keep informed regarding the Philippines! P4 Yearly Does It Send name and address to The American Chamber of Commerce Journal: P. O. Box 1638, Manila, P. I. Mr. MANUEL VALENTIN TAILOR Formerly Chief Cutter for P. B. Florence 85 Co. 244 Plaza Sta. Cruz Manila, P. I. Phone 2-61-30 The Earnshaws Docks and Honolulu Iron Works Sugar Machinery Slipways Machine Shops Port Area Manila, P. I. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOU? AL SPREADING YOUR RISKS The keen businessman diversifies his investments both geographically and by types, not alone to avoid possible adverse conditions in some single industry or section of the world, but also to share more widely I in those favorable developments which strengthen investment holding and make them more valuable. I i|- WE SUGGEST ;| Pittsburgh Hotels Corporationd Sinking Fund Gold Bonds, due March 1, 1948, yielding approximately........... ................. 5M% J Chile Copper Co — J 20-Year Gold Debentures, due 1947, yielding approximately................................................................ 5J^% L Cities Service, Power and Light Company - 1 5^/2% Gold Debentures, due November 1, 1952, yielding approximately.......................................... 5 .65% ' German Central Bank for Agriculture Farm Loan— 1 Secured 6% Sinking Fund Bonds, due October 15, 1960? yielding approximately........................... 6k% Columbia Steel Corporation— I First Mortgage Sinking Fund Gold Bonds 5r2% yielding approximately.......................................... 514% i Norwegian Hydro-Electric Corporation— ¡ Gold Bonds—Series A—5^%, due 1957, to yield approximately........................................................ 6.12% Commonwealth of Australia External Loan— ¿ 30-Year 5% Gold Bonds, due September 1, 1957, yielding approximately ...................................... 5.125% t General Electric Co., Germany— Ji J *F 20-Year 6% Gold Sinking Fund Debentures, due May 1, 1948, yielding’approximately............. 6^2% The average yield on the above list is approximately 6% Full Details On Request INTERNATIONAL BANKING CORPORATION R I < ’ HERMANOS — 623-ESCOLTA - 623 FRANK (J. 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