American Chamber of Commerce Journal Volume 9 (No. 6) June 1929

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Part of The American Chamber of Commerce Journal

Title: American Chamber of Commerce Journal Volume 9 (No. 6) June 1929
Issue Date: Volume 9 (Issue No. 6) June 1929
Year: 1929
Language: English
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extracted text: JUNE, 1929 Changing American Policy in the Far East. Its Manifestations in the Philippines. Our Own Size-Up of Governor Davis. Newspaper Comment on Governor Davis, Summarized. Newspaper Comment on Vice-Governor Gilmore, Summarized. The Een F. Wright Habeas Corpus Case. The Bañgos (Milkfish) Industry: Capital P45,000,000. The Legend of the Asuang, a Dying Superstition. Other Leading Articles and the Monthly Reviews of Philippine Commerce and Industry. For Students of English: Another of Our Haphazard Studies in the English Language. ULFc 4. MAGAZINE. PREEMINENT. IN. THE. PHILIPPINES i TABACALERA The word “TABACALERA” on a cigar is just as significant as the word “Sterling” Your tobacconist will gladly supply you 3 s on silver I tj 'i NOTICE Motorship Alabat arrived from Hongkong ¡ Í Modern new twinscrew motorship specially designed and ordered by the j Manila Railroad Company to replace the steamship Samar on its scheduled * run and to handle the growing volume of freight and passenger traffic between « the East Coast of Luzon Ports and the Railroad Terminal at Hondagua. | J The M.S. Alabat is of greater capacity than the S.S. Samar and is • equipped with the latest conveniences affording comfortable first and third ; class accommodations. She will accept freight and book passage for Legaspi, ■ Mercedes, Paracale, Mambulao and Capalonga on its initial trip to Hondagua. I The date of her sailing from Manila will be duly published in the local papers. Í Í For further particulars apply to Traffic Manager, Central Office, 943 ; Azcarraga, Manila. j MANILA RAILROAD COMPANY IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER C june, rNE^AMETCLUAN^ClHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 1 It’s a Great Refrigerator ELECTRO LUX GAS REFRIGERATOR MADE BY SERVEL................................................................ NEW YORK Light the tiny gas flame and forget about the problem of efficient refrigeration in your home. Dependable, efficient, economical, clean. Four handsome models from which to select; priced from F495.00 and up with liberal time payments if desired. Come in and let us arrange to install one in your home and let us look after the refrigeration for you. Over 100,000 Passengers Carried Daily By MERALCO Street-Cars and Busses A High - class Advertising Medium Manila Gas Corporation Main Office: Downtown Showroom: Calle Otis, Paco. Tel. 5-69-34 7 Calle David. Tel. 2-16-43 Telephone A. B. TIGH 2-19-11 Advertising Manager SCHOOL OPENS! JUNE 10 For School Books and School Supplies of All Kinds go to the Philippine Education Store on the Escolta, second floor, and make your selections. YOUR LOGGING PROBLEM can be solved readily by some type of WASHINGTON LOGGING ENGINE The Washington Simplex Yarder above leads all Yarders in ease of operation and low cost of upkeep. Washington Iron Works, Seattle, U. S. A. Agents for the Philippine Islands The Edward J. Nell Co., Ltd.,—Manila. Philippine Education buys in the largest quantities and sells at the lowest prices Philippine Education Co., Inc. 101 Escolta Manila, P. I. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 2 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL. JUI1C, 1^427 Dunlop experience of tire making commenced forty-one years ago, when they made pneumatic tires for the old high bicycles. Since then it has embraced tire performance on every variety of vehicle running on every kind of surface. ONLY DUNLOP EXPERIENCE COVERS THE WHOLE HISTORY OF THE PNEUMATIC TIRE DUNIOP Luzon Stevedoring Co., Inc. Lightering, Marine Contractors Towboats, Launches, Waterboats Shipbuilders and Provisions CORONAS DE LA ALHAMBRA HALF-A-CORONA EXCELENTES ESPECIALES BELLEZAS PRESIDENTES Etc., Etc. Watch For The Name ALHAMBRA On Rings and Labels— It’s Your Protection Alhambra Cigar and Gigarette Mfg. Go. 31 Tayuman Manila, P. I. SIMMIE & GRILK Phone 2-16-61 Port Area IM I T AT ED BUT NEVER EQUALLED! IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY The American Chamber of Gommerce OF THE Philippine Islands (Member Chamber of Commerce of the United States) ENTERED AS SECOND CLASS MATTER May 25, 1921, at the POST OFFICE AT MANILA, P. I. Local Subscription: P4.00 per year Foreign Subscription: $3.00 U. S. Currency, per year Single Copies: 35 Centavos WALTER ROBB, Editor and Manager DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS P. A. Meyer, President H. M. Cavender, Vice-President John W. Haussermann, Vice-President B. A. Green, Treasurer H. L. Heath W. L. Applegate J. C. Rockwell Kenneth B. Day Alf Welhaven ALTERNATE DIRECTORS J. L. Headington A. B. Cresap Frank W. Butler Wm. H. Rennolds John R. Wilson, Secretary E. E. Selph, General Counsel EXECUTIVE P. A. Meyer, Chairman H. M. Cavender H. L. Heath COMMITTEES FINANCE J. L. Headington, Chairman Wm. H. Rennolds F. W. Butler RELIEF W. J. Odom, Chairman Carl Hess John Gordon FOREIGN TRADE H. B. Pond, Chairman L. L. Spellman M. M. Saleeby MANUFACTURING P. A. Meyer, Chairman Alf Welhaven E. A. Seidenspinner LEGISLATIVE P. A. Meyer, Chairman Frank B. Ingersoll J. R. Wilson PUBLICATIONS P. A. Meyer, Chairman Roy C. Bennett BANKING AND CURRENCY Stanley Williams, Chair man W. J. Shaw RECEPTION AND ENTERTAINMENT J. L. Headington, Chair man F. W. Butler J. R. Wilson HOUSE B. A. Green, Chairman J. R. Wilson LIBRARY John Gordon, Chairman SHIPPING H. M. Cavender, Chairman G. P. Bradford L. E. Nantz INVESTMENTS P. A. Meyer, Chairman H. M. Cavender B. A. Green COLONEL DAVIS SUCCEEDS COLONEL STIMSON President Hoover was prevailed upon in May to appoint as governor general of the Philippines a man without insular experience,. Colonel Dwight F. Davis, one of the Coolidge cabineteers, but a colleague whom, in his own cabinet, Mr. Hoover had not wished to retain. Colonel Davis—much is made of the military service and reserve rank of the current grist of gov ernors general—will be in Manila July 7 and will travel across the Pacific with some of the men who are to be around him in the state council: Spea ker Manuel Roxas, the papers tell us, and possibly Senator Sergio Osmeña, Agriculture Secretary Rafael Alunan and others of the mixed commission sent to Washington. As Coolidge’s secretary of war toward the close of that tight-lipped administration, Colonel Davis had perfunctory cogniz ance, temporarily, of Philippine affairs. He had succeeded Weeks, of Massachusetts; he himself is a Missour ian, of St. Louis, but in education he is Harvard and he is one of fifteen members making up the Harvard council, a body with no little influence inside and outside academic circles. So the Cambridge crowd that likes to run the Philippines finds him all right—and he is wealthy. As soon as it appeared that a compromise had to be made, or when it became evident that General Frank R. McCoy’s appointment, just at this juncture, might spill the beans, overnight a shift was made to Davis. The entity which Colonel Stimson placed in charge of the local administration of the Philip pines—that is, those individuals of it who had not gone to Washington, notably the senate president—being queried and replying favorably, though conditionally, the compromise the president approved was made public. In due course Colonel Davis’s name went to the senate, and the work of the binational Philippine junta was ratified. Then Memorial Day came, giving time to jot down these notes. The stipulation coupled with the senate president’s approval of Colonel Davis for governor general is, that Colonel Davis adhere to Colonel Stim son’s policy; and Colonel Davis announced, when he reached Washing ton, that he would do this. The significance of the condition is, that Stim son did not reach journey’s-end; he only hurdled past some way stations, so that Colonel Davis, in following Stimson’s policy, will of course be ex pected to go on from where his predecessor left off. The office is not yet half as weak as it might be made by diligent endeavor—the policy isn’t half carried out as yet. Here is glory waiting. Colonel Davis is second choice for the governorship, the junta (the Cambridge boys and their allies) wanted McCoy; and Colonel Stimson’s pledge to McCoy is temporarily put aside. Manila is Colonel Davis’s second choice, he wanted to go to Paris; that ambition waits, and the pity PRICES REDUCED! A RECENT Reduction in Freight Rates now permit us to announce a reduction in the prices of all body types of New Model “A” Ford Cars, including truck and Commercial Chassis. Write for our New Reduced Prices and Easy Installment Plant. “After We Sell We Serve” Manila Trading & Supply Co. MANILA ILOILO CEBU BACOLOD .'.TON I ga) IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERt ^.\ C. / OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 4 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL June, I92V of it is, the new American embassy in Paris is said to be really handsome and pleasantly arranged. Besides Paris . . . well, who wouldn’t, being wealthy and one of the boys, wish to go to Paris and brush up his French? Colonel Davis is also second in other respects; he is the second ex secretary of war to be appointed governor—Lord! why can’t this dignified title be enough, without the general tacked on?—and he is the second par venu in insular affairs to be appointed governor by his party, the Repub lican, which used to have the rule of apprenticing men to the governorship by a period as vice governor. But how could that be now? The president’s cabinet can’t be expanded. There is no Belo bill in Washington, and the countries of the world, offering posts for mi nisters and ambassadors, are only a certain number and no more. But demands upon the president for patronage increase; the logical thing has therefore happened, and the governorship has been shifted from a career position to a political one. That, surely, is as natural as can be. Again, in disposing of a cabinet man of your own party, whom you do not choose to have in your cabinet even though you are committed to continue the ad ministration of your predecessor (who wasn’t, at all times, precisely enthusiastic about your candidacy, however), the delicate question arises as to just where to send him. Maybe a minister’s position, or even an ambassador’s, is of lower gradation than* that of a cabinet secretary. Bundling the aspirant off to Ma nila, to a quondam executive post still nominally such, makes it unnecessary to decide delicate questions of official etiquette. Almost anyone may be safely sent to Manila, especially when he is only going there to carry out another’s policy or as a stop-gap. In all of this—no reflection even of the slightest upon Colonel Davis. Practical politics is practical, and the sole aim here has been to set down some of its manifestations in relation to the fact that the islands now have Dwight F. Davis for His Excellency, the Governor General. Whatever conditions and expedients may adhere to the appointment of a governor, no governor ought to be prejudged. Judgment should be, as in this instance it is, held in abeyance until facts of actual administra tion occur upon which to base an opinion cooly and impartially. But in feeling so, it does not follow that one need write, for a sophisticated au dience, with the credulous enthusiasm of the boy, anticipating the summer picnic, applauding the droll stories of his Sunday School superintendent. Essentially, Colonel Davis is a wealthy man (by inheritance), well married, who has gone in for a public career. Though Manila may not be Paris, he will certainly find himself as cordially welcomed here, by all, as if Malacañang and the murmuring Pasig, humming with mosquitoes, had been the dream of his whole manhood. It is even entirely reasonable to Hon. Dwight F. Davis Governor General expect from him a good administration; and that of course implies that while he may arrive in Manila expecting to stay but a short time, and make way for McCoy, he will possibly settle down to a long period of public effort in the islands. From his western breeding he cannot have entirely recovered, which signifies that the pioneer problems here will make their appeal. As a Missourian, he believes in low taxes and careful expenditures, one may suspect; and if such is the case, from certain existing conditions he will be unable to withhold his executive interest. So it will go, new and intri guing matters arising daily to challenge him to effort. Colonel Davis will naturally begin as a social gov ernor, much inclined to let George do the heavy work; but it is as good a bet as any that he will not end that way. In one field particularly, where active interest is needed, he will probably bestir himself quite early. That field comprises parks and playgrounds and ama teur athletics and sports. It is important, of a piece with what most distinguishes Colonel Davis’s career thus far, his aldermanic work in St. Louis. To have parks, to have conservatories of art and the artcrafts, of flowers and ferns, and to organize the energies of youth in clean sports and play—these would be no mean things for any governor to do, systematically, as matters of major attention, and to stamp his name upon the achievement. Governor Gilmore would have soon got round to it, and the governor who does get round to building bridges upstream on the Pasig to accommodate cross town traffic now so annoying to so many thousands of the humbler folk of Manila, will do something tangibly renowned. Again, the governor who per suades the government to cease building grandiose office palaces in the capital, until the rivers are bridged that now, with only bamboo ferries, impede traffic and take toll of commerce, will make an undying name for himself. Colonel Davis will soon discover plenty to do. It is possible, if not probable, that he will undertake it, gradually become ab sorbed in it and forget his nostalgia, and that he will conduct a prolonged and effective administration. Finally, if Colonel Davis comes no closer to carrying on Colonel Stim son’s policy in Manila than President Hoover, so far, has come to carrying on his predecessor’s in Washington, then Colonel Davis’s reported pledges will be no particular handicap if he decides to run the job to suit himself. His breeding, more than his eminence with want of insular experience, greatly recommends him. TT7 D Retail «ine American m whoiesa Importers .xVOY1, Agents v BOTICA BOIE ° MANILA Heavy Chemicals—Fertilizer—Manufacturers We have been selling drugs for 98 years IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL J <■*' xiTE aiviek. l . tv v ? y • : ,/v. OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 5 GRe*" ~ American Policy in the Orient— Í - 3 mies rations in the Philippines Inc püMÍiviij gi\ ___ he fact that there is objection on the part of Japan to trans ferring Minister MacMurray, diplomat by career, from Peking to Tokio, where he would be America’s ambassador, has rather more than casual significance. It is reasonable to assume that an international understanding lies behind it, and that Japan’s foreign office has not vio lated America’s confidence. The objections specify that MacMurray seems often to act in dependently in China, when concurrent action by the several powers would be more desirable. Concerning tax matters and exterritoriality, and willingness for treaty revisions, America so acted—taking the lead in letting a bad si tuation grow worse, before applying drastic remedies, perhaps. Aggravation of the situation has continued until millions are reported starving, the tuchuns are once more at each other’s throats and the authority of Nanking is challenged in the field. Has it come time to tighten up? At least it is reasonable to conjecture that the time for firm ness is approaching, and that America prepares herself—America who never enters alliances, but does frequently undertake concurrent action with other powers. That Japan and England have an understanding hardly admits of doubt; and that America under Hoover will veer toward a policy inducing peace among the Chinese is a reasonable assumption. Modification, toward more consistent co operation, a policy holding China to her re sponsibilities, may be anticipated from the Hoover administration. The Chinese number a fourth of the world’s population, and China, not Russia, is the key to world peace. This was the dictum of John Hay, who, as secretary of state, got America to acquire the Philippines in furtherance of his China policy, which was that of opening the doors of the empire and letting America in where she had once stepped out. He wanted to do this because of trade; it was the first time since the Civil War that the necessity for overseas trade had pressed upon America, and China was found closed up. That necessity is once more acute, and the residual legatees of the Hay tradition are at the helm of the ship of state. No matter that Hoover had to be in troduced to Colonel Stimson—“for God, for country and for Yale.” Root, Taft, Hughes, Forbes and the rest wanted Stimson in Kellogg’s place, and they put him there—a man who in Manila had chafed because his own publicity was crowded out of the overseas news by the Kellogg world-peace pacts, at which he sneered. There is much cold calculation in the state department now, and more outside of it to draw from. There will be changes whenever ma terial interests dictate them, and specious rea sons, for the consumption of the public, will be abundant. Possibly there is honesty coupled with this, but it is that type of honesty which relies upon the other fellow to go over the hoss he is trading for. Eleven months’ experience of it in Manila should teach this much. What has prevailed in foreign policy during eight years is now no longer handicapped by amateur states men and those outside the inner circle. Let the light thus gathered be turned upon the Philippines. What may be in store for these islands is of most interest. Here, too, the policy of letting the pot boil until it pops over may be discerned; but such abeyances, to those who have some conception of what they entail, are disquieting. For the past several years a perceptible weak ening of the insular executive has been in prog ress. Wood, as governor, endeavored in vain to reinvest the office with the powers which had been dispersed from it. He wanted tho rough-going support in Washington; he never got it, and what support did come from there seemed to derive from the president personally (not Harding, but Coolidge after him) and not from the war department. He doggedly held on until fatally ill, and his vice governor may be said to have deprived himself of the opportunity to become governor (as things are presently going) by adhering to Wood’s views as to the propriety and public advantageousness of an independent executive. It was said that he too favored using the federal internal revenue from Philippine products sold in America, mainly from cigars, which accrues to the Philip pine treasury, for adequate executive adminis tration; so that if disagreement with the execu tive led the legislature to curtail appropriations, funds would be adequate anyway. It was also said that his veto of the bill from the Philippine legislature which was the forerunner of the Belo bill which Colonel Stimson approved—a bill drafted to substitute the Kiess bill in con gress, just referred to—made him persona non grata w’ith the insular dictatorship and barred his promotion to the governorship of the islands, despite his widely acknowledged qualifications for that office. About the time of General Wood’s death, indeed, there was quite a movement in Wash ington toward rehabilitating the office of the insular governor. But it came to nothing, it has now’ waned altogether. Colonel Stimson was made governor; the precedent of appointing a man without insular experience has now been followed by appointment of Colonel Dwight F. Davis to the post. Colonel Stimson showed his inclination to rely upon the insular dictatorship (a term used in an analytical, not a disparaging, sense) by rees tablishing a state council such as had functioned in lieu of an earlier governor. In this council the dictatorship is incorporated; even such fundamental executive obligations as the choice of cabinet members, who are members of the council too, and the selection of judges devolve upon the council. The voluntary surrender of executive powers, otherwise independent and unhampered, may be conjectured from this. There is ample justification of the belief on the part of the public that the dictatorship mani pulates the reins of government, and, on the part of government officials, that their tenure of office depends upon pleasing the dictator ship, in which is combined a dominating in fluence upon the nominal executive and the legislature alike. Nor does this influence stop short of the courts. Another degradation of the governor’s office has been effected, which entails a consequent further weakening of the position. This con sists in ascertaining beforehand that the dicta torship will be pleased with the president’s choice for governor. Thus exercising at least nugatory power, if the dictatorship is not always able to get precisely the man it prefers for gov ernor, it is able to prevent the appointment of a man it doesn’t want. It had its understanding with Colonel Stimson prior to his appointment; it was queried, and it replied favorably, prior to Colonel Davis’s appointment. So sure is it of its ground that it now believes the United States will never appoint a governor who do^s not have its approval, and one of its chief spokes men has so intimated. Incidentally, the approval given Colonel Davis is conditioned upon his adherence to Colonel Stimson’s policy; such has already been his declaration, published in Manila newspapers May 27. Governors inexperienced in the islands are preferred. Ground has been given also in the case of the vice governor’s post. Sagacious maneuvering through one means and another tends to estrange the vice governor from the governor’s fullest confidence, and so to deprive the latter, to a degree, of the counsel an experienced insular administrator should be able to give him. De grading the vice governor’s office makes it easier to convert the governorship into what it has actually become, strictly a political office and not one that follows, as formerly, upon due apprenticeship to it in the vice governorship. Until January of this year, official social pre cedence placed the vice governor next the gov ernor as the second man in the land. But subsequently, Colonel Stimson having obtained an opinion upon the point from Colonel Davis’s department (of war), the vice governor stands third in the line and the commanding general is interposed between the two executives. Does this look toward turning the vice gov ernor’s office over to the dictatorship? Whether it does or not, it is one with the policy, of major importance in this discussion, of weakening the executiveship—giving ground there in order to gain it elsewhere. Let no one suppose this to be a criticism of what is transpiring. It is an effort, rather, at exposition, for the guidance of those the actual situation may affect. Names are avoided as much as possible; personal feeling is suppressed. What is observed as happening to the governor’s office, is repeated as to the insular auditor’s, through the medium of the courts. The islands’ supreme court repeatedly assumes jurisdiction in cases the auditor is endeavoring to handle in accordance with his view of the powers of his office. Rightly or wrongly, the auditor is thus made far less a responsible officer of accounts than his predecessors were; the succeeding opinions of the court, with their obiter dicta voluminously appended, are diminishing the The result of over half a century of refining experience SDCONY MOTOR OILS AND MOTOR GASOLINE Remember that SOCONY is Standard IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMPEE : RCE JOURNAL 6 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER UECOMMtítUJt. J uu kin AL. june, authority hitherto pertaining to the auditor’s office. Seemingly it is considered a matter of little importance that this is done; but, in such a situation as that prevailing in the Philippines, too much is seeming that appears on the surface, and too little is hard actuality. A deliberate policy of laissez faire, such as is only too evident ly being pursued, will make no furore over anyone’s depriving an auditor of his blue pencil. For when confusion becomes worse confounded, special agents will arrive in Manila with the bond money from the United States; they Will control expendi tures. That gesture may well be the first intimation that the trap has been sprung, the quarry seized upon. Now there is op posed to all this loose ness of administra tion, an objective; for it is elemental that men do not voluntar ily forfeit power, rather they seek its aggrandizement. Giving ground in one quarter, where is ground being taken in another? It is being taken in the field of organized capital mobilized to exploit both the industries and the lands of these islands, which languish for the impetus of such an agency—the agency of big money. For the California Packers Association’s ambition to grow pineapples, there has been made a reservation of more than 14,000 hectares of land in Bukidnon in accordance with the Alunan plan (as set forth in this review last month). Rubber desires to pass the ex perimental and small-capital stage; it could absorb its hundreds of millions of dollars. It is presently discouraged by the restrictive land laws and the amendments to which Colonel Stimson was belatedly converted, but the nat ural conditions invite it. (The land-law amend ments, by the way, are one of the acts of the Stimson administration which received no local publicity and were, perhaps inadvertently, omitted from at least some of the published lists of acts of the legislature approved by the gov ernor general. Usually, in an agricultural country, land legislation is considered important). Ma chinery has been successfully introduced, and it is more than probable that the modern ex ploitation of the islands’ fiber resources will claim its millions of agricultural capital and its kingdoms of public domain. A few intimate lines from the war department’s bureau of in sular affairs (where administration of the Philip pines is centered) under Colonel Davis may be appropriate here: “The talk everywhere is of the Philippines. They point to the four hundred millions in China across the way who could be made available by a very slight modification of our immigration laws.” What is affecting government here is this new influence, that of the concessionist, who is es sentially indifferent to the quality of local gov ernment, be it good or bad. He, with his large interests, producing staples and necessities for the homeland, will always have quick re course to ample protection; and his primary interest in the country will be its soil. He will sell overseas, buy overseas; his local outlay will be only to labor, and his influence will naturally be exerted toward securing immigration. He is destined, it goes without saying, to have his From Review of Reviews Kellogg in a double-breasted, President Hoover in a plain sack coat, and Stimson in formal cut-away But he is no altruist, his business is to turn a profit with the enormous sums entrusted to his management. In his behalf the government has traded away so much, for him there is so much seeming autonomy, ^ut he is largely a law unto himself. For his rubber, his pineap ples, his fiber, navies move. Things are let go, until it is time to better them. Then there is peremptory reformation. Have the Philip pines unwittingly undergone caribbeanization? Possibly, or one may say partly, perhaps. This article is prompted by the frequent criticisms of governmental irregularities, the demeanor of the executive, the alleged preva’ence of squeeze. As if such conditions were strange, or subject to improvement. It is all, essentially, quite the other way. A new norm prevails in Philip pine public affairs. Government, especially its impeccability, is not the primary objective of administration now adays: pride in the oldtime civil service goes out with the past. Colonel Stimson proclaimed himself the harbinger of a new era. So, truly, he was—the era of the concessionist, of him whose crops crown a thousand hills. But Colonel Stimson was but the messenger of the luscious gods. Ceres had ordered that crops be sown, and the era was as sure to dawn as common knowledge of the fertility of the islands’ idle acres was to spread throughout the world. Now it is to deal with. (Concluded on page 18) Historical Spots in Manila Philip II in 1565, and the copy bears Philip’s rubrica or signet mark. With the rise of aca demic interest in orientalia of every sort, among the progressive universities of America, these records will be valuable source material; but it is a fact that they are carelessly handled, and, piled helterskelter in the passageways of the courts, of which there are two spacious ones, at the time of the American occupation they were subject to unwitting vandalism—the soldiers using them as old paper, apparently worthless, for one purpose and another. The kitchen police resorted to them for fuel! The old records, however, are parchment bound, on handmade paper known as Catalan, and inscribed in the faultless script which the friars taught the native scriveners employed by the Spanish government. Types of this escribiente, or scrivener, are still found in some of the government offices, including the archives bureau. They are like characters out of Dick ens. One charm of Manila is its blending of the new and the old. This writing of which we have just been speaking is, for example, plainly in fluenced by the chirography of the Chinese— hence, in part, its preciseness. Room after room in the archives, by the way, is wholly devoted to records of the Chinese, who always formed a special community under Spain— were limited in privileges, but specially taxed. La Fuerza Santiago—Fort Santiago: Citadel of Manila. Here, of course, has been American army headquarters from the outset, and an American contribution to the old fort is its ex cellent reference library—accessible by special permission. Fort Santiago dates from the founding of Manila, May 19, 1571, and work upon it and upon the city’s walls and bulwarks continued almost throughout the entire Spanish period. The dungeons, the black hole of Manila, a windowless strongroom where prisoners round ed up in one of the disturbances incident to the Bonifacio revolt (of 1896' were suffocated, the little guardroom where Rizal, martyr and pam phleteer of reform, spent his last night on earth— these and many other details are points of in terest. There should be a guidebook to the fort, and encouragement to the tourist to visit it. It was not in later Spanish times, as it was made under America, general military headquarters. It was a school for cadets, and headquarters were at the Estado Mayor on calle Arroceros, as the name indicates. The superstructure of the fort, for offices, is an American addition. The name of Governor Dasmariñas, of the 16th century, is troubles. He is no less destined to be a factor in the game, and not very much concerned with what happens to the local resident and the inhabitants—except as his interests are directly involved. He is only one force, but a powerful well organized one which, very properly, for its own good, means to wield influence where influence really counts. He is an expert fellow who can, with his millions, make fallow lands flourish and the marts of the islands hum with industry. The Ayuntamiento.—In Spanish times this building was the city hall. * In this building, over the front veranda, General Wesley Mer ritt’s flag was flung to the breezes August 13, 1898, a confirmation of the American oc cupation of the city. On a rostrom built for the ceremony, facing the Ayuntamien to and the old Plaza de Armas, renam ed Plaza de McKinley, Taft took the oath of office as Civil Governor of the Islands July 1, 1901. He was the first and only civil gov ernor, succeeding the last of the military gov ernors, Major General Arthur MacArthur. Taft’s audience, down in the plaza, were the regulars and volunteers of the army who were throwing in their lot with the country they were helping, or had helped, in pacifying, who were ready to assume the responsibilities of peace by entering the insular civil service, provided for in the first act of the Taft commission, sitting in the Ayuntamiento September 19, 1900. *It is still a municipal property, and one which should be converted into a museum and art gallery and pre served carefully for its historical interest in Spanish and American times. Taft was followed in the Ayuntamiento by Luke E. Wright (the first chief executive of the islands bearing the title governor general, which Taft arranged for as secretary of war), Henry C. Ide, James F. Smith, W. Cameron Forbes and Francis B. Harrison; and under General Wood, after Harrison, the executive offices were re moved to the new executive building at Malacañang. Taft had been preceded by military governors from Merritt and Otis to MacArthur, father of our present distinguished department commander, and this military interim between war and the beginning of peace—that Pax Romana which America seems so deft in es tablishing—has never received the critical at tention it deserves. It remains a thrilling chapter, unwritten, in the national annals and those of the nation’s land forces. cently, two major laws promulgated in this interim, the marriage act and the code of crim inal procedure, remained on the insular sta tutes as written; the first was modified, not with entire success, two years ago, and the other still remains the law of the land. The first act of the Americansoldiers who took quarters in the Ayuntamiento, was to distribute rations from their knapsacks to the caretakers and their families, who were terrified by the un wonted proceedings and, fearful of going out to market, half starved. The bureau of archives, housed in the Ayun tamiento, has unbroken records dating back to Legaspi’s commission as an adelantado from Until re JUAlílt, 174 7 me. ñlYlLKl^ñH hnAlVlbLK ut IAJIVIJV111K.U& JUUKD/AL 7 connected with the building of the fort and the walls, but dozens of his successors had a hand in the work. Legend says that when Philip was told that the walls of Manila were complet ed, he stood upon the council table and strained his vision toward the city, saying that they had cost so much that he supposed they should be visible from his capital! The walls served the republic, such was the community designated, well on many an oc casion; and at least once they served to preserve the city from annihilation at the hands of the Chinese, who had either been scared into revolt or had plotted the city’s destruction. The of ficers of the engineering corps of the American army, who wrote a detailed report on Fort Santiago and the walls of Manila, opined that the defenses were then, in 1900, by no means obsolute; and that there might be occasions when their protection would even yet be a blessing to the city. Only the part of the walls from the Dominican church (of the Rosary, a first rate example of Gothic cathedral architecture) to the ordnance section of the fort was demolished by the Amer icans, when peremptory word came from Wash ington to desist. This timely intervention by some thoughtful authority has preserved to posterity old Manila almost intact as in medieval times, and reputed by learned travelers to be unique, in being so preserved, among the cities of its period. In other words, in old Manila, with miles of bulwarked walls, casual observer and scholar alike behold the best existing ex ample of the medieval citadel and town. Every thoughtful person, reflecting upon the relative evanescence of the work of human hands, should lend his influence to the perpetuation of this heroic heritage from the golden age of Spain. The architecture of Manila is as yet amor phous, partaking of all forms and none, with notable exceptions. One conspicuous excep tion is the.residence of E. A. Perkins on Dewey boulevard, planned by Mrs. Perkins and meti culously adhering to the Spanish mission style. This single example, and there may be others less noteworthy, indicates the valuable esthetic influence the old city is to have upon our ar chitecture when our journeymen in the pro fession grow weary of copying and set them selves the task of creating and adapting. When THE YOKOHAMA SPECIE BANK — LTD. - ----(ESTABLISHED 1880) HEAD OFFICE: YOKOHAMA, JAPAN Yen Capital (Paid Up) • - - - 100,000,000.00 Reserve Fund - 105,500,000.00 Undivided Profits - - - . 9,346,622.43 MANILA BRANCH 600 DASMARIÑAS, MANILA K. YABUKI Manager PHONE 2-37-59—MANAGER PHO ' “ 7..:. . Edward Price Bell, world-famed journalist who knows his England and his Europe well, visited Manila a few years ago, one evening at sunset we motored from downtown over the Jones bridge, along Magallanes drive and out through the wajled city to Bonifacio drive, the oldtime Malecón. Thence he had a view btck toward the city, and he exclaimed with rapture: “Now I know why you love Manila—for her character! The city has a character of its own, distinct, recognizable, seductive in its peculiar charm!’’ Of how many cities may that be truthfully Review of Reviews photo A NEW “DOLLAR” IN U. S. Paul W. Chapman, an investment banker of Chicago» was not known to newspapers nor to JF/io’s Who in America when he bought the eleven ships of the United States Lines recently—the Leviathan and ten other liners —for $16,500,000. He is 48 years old. He owns the dock railway at Hoboken, the connecting link between ocean ships and nine trunk-line U. S. railways. He manufactures an airplane having a cruising capacity of 4,000 miles with 25 passengers aboard, and he plans com bining airplane traffic with the speed of his new ships to cut the voyage time between America and Europe.— John F. Sinclair writes about him in the May Review of Reviews. said, especially American cities? One may feel it in New York; one senses the growing pains of a Chicago or a Detroit, and looks for ward to their maturity; and in San Francisco, another metropolis with a mission background, he feels more than the ephemeral and the ex pedient round about him. Boston certainly purveys the culture of New England; and there is Baltimore, and there are smaller cities that are not all middletowns. But even so, there is no Manila among them all—none rivaling her, imbued as she is with the nobility of four cen turies of proselyting and indefatigable civiliza tion, impinging stubbornly upon a paganism that will not altogether be put down. Out of this, of course, in architecture, in everything, one does not always obtain beauty; he does, however, discern distinctiveness. The Hubbell Monument. At the west end of plaza Cervantes, in front of the Bank of the Philippine Islands, stands the monument to George Hubbell, of Bridgeport, Connecticut, an American consul who died in Manila, the inscription says, in 1831. This is one of the oldest records of Americans in the Philippines, but Americans, colloquially known as Bostoneses, traded with Manila and established them selves ashore in the city as soon as Spain opened the islands to foreign commerce at the opening of the 19th century; and when Hubbell of Bridge port was consul, there existed a community which gave reason for the position. In predict ing the return of Americans to the islands, Rizal had probably carefully studied the commercial records. Americans were here for two or three generations, leading the way in trade, until the Civil War and pioneering the American west absorbed for a period of twenty years the ener gies of her young men; and with this task over Americans returned to Manila. The soldiers discovered Hubbell’s monument in a warehouse, and high command brought it forth to be set up where it now stands—the oldest American monument known in the islands. Nothing is known of its history, perhaps the guild of foreign merchants had it made. Monu ments are not always erected when they are sculptored; it was a matter of twenty years between the time France gave Liberty to Amer ica and the time it was erected in New York harbor; and during that period the monument lay in a warehouse, duty unpaid! This reference will give occasion to close this paper with references to other monuments in Manila. The monument to Magellan, at Magel lan circle back of the Intendencia building, wag designed to be erected at Mactan, where the great navigator was killed. But, put ashore from the ship that brought it from Spain, it was too cumbersome for the interisland craft, report has it, and so it remains in Manila. Legaspi and his navigator, Father Urdaneta, the Augustinian missionary, were, however, the founders of Manila. Their monument, too, an heroic bronze piece now adorning the old gun-ir^' posite the east entrance of the Ma was discovered by the Americans ( cupation period in a warehouse of th tomshouse—the bronze sword hilt gon pillaged and sold to a Chinese junkr missing paraphernalia replaced with Americans assumed the duty of choof for the monument and erecting it. Burnham monument, on Burnham memorial to the great Chicagoan wh modern Manila and Baguio, rests d> for the time being, as a stroke of lightni it a few years ago. The monument to Arthur W. Fergu American executive secretary, who wa a part of the early civil regime, stands ■ Fergusson in Ermita. A plaque p< the name of Taft, on Taft avenue, bei: at the junction of the avenue with ci. Burgos, and trees planted by Taft and < are growing on the old Luneta, Geneiai wood having caused them to be protected with iron railings. Dewey is remembered in the city’s most elegant boulevard, a thoroughfare which one day may unite the city he blockaded with the city where he raised the American flag aloft May 1, 1898—old Cavite. One landmark in old Manila has an intimate connection with Arthur Fergusson, whose work would have been less conspicuously brilliant he IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENT? si F T E '■ ' - rv ftJN THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 8 TtlE AMEKlkJAPi (JtlAMtiim UF j une, x had he failed of learning the Spanish language. The place of his contact with Spaniards and Spanish-speaking friends, daily, year after year, is the Palma de Mallorca, a hostelry in yellow paint on calle Real, of course in old Manila. At a little round table here, among cronies of his genial kidney, Fergusson held forth daily—in an atmosphere as stimulating as that of an oldtime English coffeehouse. Among the habitues of the place, and a guest at the round table, was Fergusson’s assistant, who succeeded him as executive secretary, Frank W. Carpenter, Governor Forbes’s amanuensis, and real source of accurate information, in the preparation of his book on the Philippines. These reliable servants of the Philippine govern ment owed their effectiveness to their acquisition of the language; and Carpenter did not stop with Spanish as a second mother-tongue, but mastered Tagalog too, if not several other dia lects. This information is imparted for what it is worth; at least it shows that the educated American can become a versatile polyglot, when he wishes to, and make it pay. Men of the Fergusson and Carpenter type had a chivalry of their own making. All during his service in the government, Carpenter kept Box A, into which he tossed a copy of every document he handled (and they were thousands, of the most important) and notes of his own on special incidents and the character and conduct of men and officials;—notes showing when they wobbled, when they failed to play the game, or maybe when they did play it magnificently— the good and the bad together, all in the telltake Box A. This, altogether, was a priceless record, an exhaustless treasure for the historian Manila’s Bañgos—Milkfish—Industry This article is extracted from the paper on the bangos industry of the Philippines published in the current number of The Philippine Journal of Science. It is the work of Herre and Mendoza, and for complete data the reader is directed to it. Obviously, an industry dating from unknown antiquity, which engages a goodly share of the capital of the islands’ senate president, and altogether, only in the environs of Manila, P45,000,000, is something to know something about. The same industry flourishes in the Dutch East Indies. There it is wholly in the hands of the Chinese, and here Filipinos have an important if not a major share of it. The native words garongin and hatirin apply to the bangos, the milkfish of English, at varying stages of growth.—Ed. Of more than sixteen hundred kinds of fishes recorded from the Philippines, bangos is the first in importance. It is by far the leading fish in Manila markets, and is the product of an industry in which over 45,000,000 pesos are invested around Manila Bay alone. Bangos is the daily staple animal diet of tens of thousands of Manilans, and in the typhoon season is the only cheap fish available. Bangos is shipped almost daily either by train or motor truck from Hagonoy, Bulacan, Navotas, and Malabon to various towns of Mountain, Pangasinan, Tarlac, Nueva Eci ja, Bulacan, Pampanga, Laguna, We Have The Largest and Most Complete Stock of Drygoods in the Philippines If you need silks, linens, cottons, or notions you can serve yourself best by choosing from our large stocks We also carry haberdashery, and make men’s suits and shirts Manuel Pellicer y Co., Inc. 44 Escolta, Manila Phone 2-11-06 and the novelist alike, and for the biographer. And what, in the end, did Frank Carpenter do with Box A? Upon leaving Manila, or some where upon his route home to Boston, he opened it up and destroyed, personally, so that he would know that it was done, every paper it contained! Some of the information was too devastating, and he concluded that the fairest way was to consign it all to limbo without discrimination. So, though there is much of history left in Manila, there is no Box A; and as a consequence, many a reputation, otherwise perilous, is secure of historical renown. The oldtimers were about the last of the Victorians, not the early of Al bert’s happy days, but the late, of the God-fear ing widow—of that contemporary American period that doted upon Howells and started Teddy trust-busting. They had a certain code to which they held, a peculiar mixture of sin and saintliness that dated them with the period the internal-combustion engine put an end to. Such were the Americans who occupied Ma nila and stayed to found the new community. A toast to their pluck and their virtues. As to their vices, if such they had or have—for many are our neighbors still, and many seek nepenthe of Manila days in the homeland— overboard with Box A! If there are permanent American objects of history in Manila, they are mostly of their building. It is very hard to write even a little, reminiscently, without di gressing to pay them deserved honor. The above was hastily prepared, hence its discursive ness, as an address to the Manila Sojourners’ Club, May 28.—Ed. Batangas, and Tayabas Provinces. In the interior towns of the above-named provinces bangos in all forms finds a very good market and plays an important part in the diet of all classes. In suitable natural localities, with fairly favorable marketing facilities, the culture of bangos is one of the most profitable industries in the Philippines. Throughout a large part of the Islands one monsoon may bring a glut of fish to the shores, with a corresponding scarcity during the opposite monsoon. In every such locality bangos ponds are desirable and profitable, if the countryside is at all thickly settled, even though there is no large town close at hand. The bangos feeds upon diatoms and other plankton organisms, the leaves of submerged flowering plants, and algae; it consumes large quantities of the filamentousegreen algae. The fry feeds upon plankton and the surface scum on the muddy bottom of quiet shallow bays and tidal creeks. When food is plentiful the bangos grows very rapidly. The bangos is among the most prolific of fishes. One of the ovaries of a ripe female taken in Subic Bay on April 10, 1927, measured 330 millimeters in length, 89 in extreme breadth (35 at the anterior, and 24 at the posterior, ex tremity), 40 in extreme thickness, and weighed 450 grams. The other ovary was equally large but had been damaged in removal. Bangos eggs are very small. The ovaries of this spe cimen contained 3,415 eggs per gram. One ovary contained about 1,530,000 eggs; therefore, the fish had about 3,060,000 ripe eggs ready to spawn. This fish was about three-fourths of a meter in length. It is a safe assumption that fish half again as large would contain many more eggs. In Batavia, Java, Dr. A. L. G. Seunier exam ined the roe of a fish 1,120 millimeters long, in cluding the caudal fin (probably about 940 or 950 millimeters in real length). The roe weighed 1,304 grams, and one gram contained 4,370 eggs, making a total of about 5,700,000 eggs in the whole roe. It seems probable that a bangos never con tains less than a million and a half eggs, and tha t a very large female may have in excess of 7,000,000 eggs. Bangos average 3,000,000 eggs and can only be exceeded, if .at all, by the cod, which has been known to have about 9,000,000 eggs. The minute bangos fry swim in vast shoals near the shore line of shallow sandy coasts and enter estuaries and tidal creeks. They come in with the advancing flood tide and go out with the ebb, and therefore are always surrounded by fresh, cool, but shallow water. A knowledge of this fact is fundamental to the successful culture of bangos. The capture of bangos fry (kawag-kawag in Tagalog) is a very important industry. The flat sandy coasts of Balayan and Batangas Bays, Batangas Province, Luzon, furnish by far the largest quantity. The annual license fees for catching bangos fry in Batangas Province during April, May, and June amount to about 100,000 pesos. The fry captured are shipped to Mala bon and other points on Manila Bay, there being no bangos ponds in Batangas Province. The fry are caught in exceedingly fine-meshed nets, made of coarse sinamay (abacá cloth). Most of them are caught from the middle of April to the latter part of June, but they can sometimes be caught during the early part of July. When captured, the fry are about 10 milli meters long and exceedingly slender. They are so small and transparent as to be nearly invisible. As soon as possible they are placed in low, wide mouthed, pot-bellied, unglazed, earthenware jars (palayok or palyok), some of which have a capacity of about 15 liters each, and others 30 liters. From about 1,500 to a little over 2,000 fry are placed in the 15-liter jar and 3,000 to 3,500 in the 30-liter jar. The jar is then covered with a piece of the base of a leaf stem, or petiole, from the areca, or betel-nut, palm. This is the most critical stage in the handling of bangos. A little carelessness may ruin the whole stock in the jar. The jar should be kept filled with clean water so that the fry may move abocx freely, and should be handled carefully to avoid injuring the tender fry. After the dealer has sorted the fry, the pur chaser counts them. Manifestly, it would be impracticable to count the fry in all the jars, which sometimes number 500, so an average is usually taken by counting the contents of ten jars. In counting the fry a wide-mouthed china bowl is dipped into a jar and filled with water and fry. Then a clam shell is dipped into the china bowl and several fry are taken up in it. The counter calls out the number of fry in the clam shell and the number is checked by two tellers. This operation is repeated until all the fry in the jar have been counted. When all JOURNAL IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE june, íyzv THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 9 the fry in the selected jars have been counted the total number is divided by 10 and the result thus obtained is taken as the average number of fry in each jar. The average multiplied by the total number of jars gives the total number of fry in all the jflrs. Fry are bought and sold by the ten thousand, or lacsa. The price varies at present (1927) from 15 to 50 pesos per ten thousand, according to the season and place. In general the price is lower in the vicinity of Malabon, and higher in Bulacan, Pampanga, and Bataan; it is also higher early in the season as the best fry are then available. The danger of heavy rainfall during the latter part of May and in June also reduces the price, since heavy rains cool the ponds and reduce the salinity of the water, weakening or even killing the fry. According to the belief of old men in Batangas Province, bangos fry originate in the following way: When the water is dried up and the soil exposed in swampy places in the interior, during the dry season, the ground is heated by the sun and stirred into life. Light rain falling on it then causes the fry to form, and they are washed down by the river into the sea. As proof of their story the narrators point to the abundance of bangos fry in the mouths of creeks and rivers. In many parts of the Visayas and Luzon it is believed that bangos, and also buan-buan and bid-bid, are generated spontaneously in fish ponds. This is because the minute fry, enter ing with the flood tide, are overlooked. The bangos fishpond industry is really a major industry, and is a source of large revenue to the government of several provinces, even to some that have not a fishpond within the boun daries. Bulacan Province, with 3,193 hectares of land devoted to the fishpond industry, re ceives 118,000 pesos annually from taxes on its fishponds; while Batangas Province, with no fishpond within its boundaries, collects about 100,000 pesos from municipal licenses for catching bangos fry. These fry are sold to grow ers about Manila. It is impossible to state the exact amount of land devoted to fishponds about Manila Bay, but the approximate areas in the various prov CHARTERED BANK OF Ch7ntaralia Capital and Reserve Fund........................................£7,000,000 Reserve Liability of Proprietor................................ 3,000,000 MANILA BRANCH ESTABLISHED 1872 SUB-BRANCHES AT CEBU, ILOILO AND ZAMBOANGA Every description of banking business transacted. Branches in every important town throughout India, China, Japan, Java, Straits Settlements, Federated Malay States, French Indo-China, Siam, and Borneo; also in New York. s Head Office: 38 Bishopsgate, London, E. C. T. H. FRASER, Manage*. Manila. inces are as follows: Rizal Province, 3,193 hec tares; Bulacan, 16,700; Pampanga, 14,200; Bataan, 4,000; Cavite, 659. The market value of bangos ponds about Manila Bay varies from 500 to 2,500 pesos per hectare. The value of a pond depends upon the distance to market; the distance to the open bay; the volume of water and its depth in the adjacent river or creek; the age of the pond; the quality of the soil in relation to the growth of lumut; the cleanliness of the pond, that is, its freedom from mud, grass, brush, etc.; and the liability to flooding by fresh water. In general, bangos ponds are more valuable in Malabon, Navotas, Obando, Bulacan, and Hagonoy and decrease in value as the distance from Manila increases. A conservative estimate of the value of the bangos fishponds in the provinces listed above is over 45,000,000 pesos. In Iloilo and Capiz Provinces there has been a rapid increase in the number of fishponds during the past few years and there are now about 900 hectares in operation, with an approximate value of 600,000 pesos. If the value of fishponds in Zambales, Pangasinan, La Union, Cebu, Oriental Negros, and other provinces is added, it is found that more than 46,000,000 pesos are invested in‘fishponds in the Philippine Islands. The returns from bangos ponds vary greatly and depend upon the management, the distance to market, the cost of transportation, and the weather conditions. The best fishponds, carefully managed, yield an annual income of 300 pesos per hectare. There are only a few owners, however, who get such good results. Some ponds bring in about 250 pesos per hectare; only ponds kept in very good condition do this well. Third-class ponds make a profit of 200 pesos a hectare each year. Ponds kept in good condition should do better than this, unless they are far from a good market and have poor transportation. Salt-water fishponds in which bangos are reared are called “plaisdaan” in Tagalog, “pocóc” in Pangasinan, “pocóc,” n'potót,” and “lapát” in Ilocano, and “ponong” in Visayan. They vary in size from one-eighth of a hectare to 68 hectares as on the estate of Carlos Palanca, near Hagonoy, Bulacan. A system 'of fishponds under one management may contain hundreds of hectares, as the Ayala and the Carlos Palanca estates in Bulacan and Pampanga. Large areas of swampland or tidal flats suit able for fishponds occur along the sea coast in many localities in the Philippines. In general, four factors are of prime importance in choosing a site; namely, the soil, the vegetation, the proximity of a deep tidal stream, and the market. The vegetation.—The ideal land for a fishpond site is peat or tule land, as there is practically no clearing to do. As soon as the dikes and the sluice gates are built everything is ready for use. The commonest type of salt-water swamp in the Philippines and next best for fishpond purposes is nipa-swamp land. The nipa palm is easily cut off. It is not necessary to remove all the plants and stumps before using the land for a fishpond; in fact, it is often advisable to leave a few trees for shade. When the leaves are kept cut off and the terminal bud is destroy ed the nipa plant soon dies. The stump rots quickly and is then easily removed. The main part of the pond may be very shal low, the water over most of it with a depth of perhaps half a meter. Around the margins where the earth was removed to form the dikes it is, of course, deeper. In large ponds two more ditches are dug, each one connecting the centers of opposite sides of the rectangle and intersecting each other at right angles. All these ditches should be made with the bottom sloped so that all the water will drain readily to the outlet of the pond. Ponds of great extent may include part of a creek or even several small creeks, in which the water may be two to several times deeper than elsewhere. Such channels are beneficial in providing cool areas THE MANILA HOTEL LEADING HOTEL IN THE ORIENT Designed and constructed to secure coolness, sanitation and comfort under tropic climatic conditions Provides every Western convenience combined with every Oriental luxury Finest Dance Orchestra in the Far East Management - - WALTER E. ANTRIM JACOB LEVY PHILIPPINE HATS Buntals Bamboos Calasiaos Balibuntals Correspondence Solicited 227 Calle David Manila, P. I. Cable Address: “TEXTILES” for the fish to lie in when not feeding and are convenient when it is necessary to do repair work or clean a pond, as the fish can retire to them when the rest of the pond is partially or wholly bare. A bangos pond is of necessity divided into several compartments or made up of several connecting ponds which are operated as a unit. A fishpond should be divided into not less than four smaller ponds, or compartments, and as many more may be made in large ponds as are found necessary. These ponds naturally vary in size and depth, since they must accommodate fish of different sizes and are used for different purposes. One of the ponds in the systems should be very much larger than any of the others. Where the total area is small and there are but four or five divisions in all, the largest division should be as large as all the rest taken together. In a fishpond system of any size it is necessary to have a small catching pond, into which the fish are led when they are to be caught for market. In addition to the main sluice gate or gates, it is necessary in a good fishpond system to have small sluice gates of simple construction placed here and there to allow water and fish to pass from one pond to another. After the dikes, cross dikes, sluice gates, and other gates have been constructed and the pond system is completed, there are expenses not yet mentioned. There must be a caretaker close at hand at all times. The caretaker must have a house of some sort. It is usually placed near the main sluice gate. The house may be a bamboo and nipa shed costing a few pesos or a well-built, modern cottage costing several hundred pesos. In many places an artesian well is necessary to provide drinking water. The cost of drilling a well is from 150 to 200 pesos. The usual wage received by the caretaker is 40 pesos a month, and often a liter of kerosene a week in addition. Some owners pay as little as 150 pesos a year; needless to say they do not get first-class service. Large systems of fishponds, ranging from 200 to 800 hectares in extent, pay good salaries to the resident manager, up to 350 pesos a month including a good house, light, and a motor boat for inspection trips. A fair average salary for the foreman in charge of a fishpond system of moderate size, 15 to 60 hectares, is 45 pesos a month. Laborers must be employed to inspect and repair the dikes: to destroy snakes, crabs, and (Ccntivuid on jage 12) IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 10 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER UE COMMERCE JUUTCIVAL THE WRIGHT HABEAS CORPUS CASE TheTjpress has confused in the minds of many readers the situation current in the Wright-Tan C. Tee case. The essential facts are brief. Early this year the insular auditor, Ben F. Wright, would not issue, when requested to do so, his certificate that funds are available for work on the Iloilo marginal wharf; he held, as he still holds, that negotiations with the contractor, Tan C. Tee, had been carried farther than they really ought to be before the auditor’s certificate required by law was requested. (Administrative Code, 607-608). Colonel Stimson, as governor general, failed of reconciling the divergent views of the auditing and the public works bureaus; he disagreed with the auditor’s view on the fundamental question involved. On administrative appeal the secretary of war, now Gov ernor General Dwight F. Davis, conditionally sustained Stimson’s opinion. Tan C. Tee then sought to mandamus the auditor, and proceedings took place in the supreme court. The full court, in Malcolm’s opinion from which there was no dissent, held with the public-works director and directed the auditor to issue his certificate. Johnson, J., did not sit; his son-in-law, A. D. Gibbs, is the senior partner in the firm of Gibbs and McDonough, Tan C. Tee’s attorneys. The court then adjourned for vacation, Justices Malcolm and Ostrand going on leave of absence to the United States. The other seven members of the court remained in the islands. Most of them were in Baguio, where the vacation justice, Johns, J., was sitting when subsequent events occurred. This fact, that a quorum of the full court has been accessible during the summer is important. For while the law permits the court its summer recess, it does not inhibit the court from sitting if it so desires. In fact a special division of the court was maintained this year at Baguio during the months of April and May. After a case is decided, the practice of the court permits the unsuccess ful litigant to file a motion for reconsideration. Such a motion was filed by Wright in this case. This motion was overruled by Johns, J., as vaca tion justice, and from this order Wright appealed to the court as a body. An appeal of this character has heretofore been supposed to tie the hands of the vacation justice and to carry the matter to the court as a body. But in this case Johns ordered Wright to comply with the decision. This Wright refused to do, whereupon he was first fined P500 and then placed under arrest. After this occurred in Baguio, a writ of habeas corpus was issued by Street, J., upon application of Wright, in Manila, and the writ was made returnable July 1, the first day of the next term of the court. The contention of Wright, and the theory upon which the writ of habeas corpus was issued, is that Wright’s appeal from the order of the vacation justice overruling his motion removed the case from the jurisdiction of the va cation justice, so far as immediate enforcement of the decision is concerned. None of the merits of the mandamus case was involved in the habeas corpus proceedings. It has been erroneously inferred that Justice Street’s action divides the court upon fundamentals of the case at bar. As to a quorum, another matter brought in question by the press comment, there will be a quorum of the full court prepared to act on the case July 1, when the writ of habeas corpus is returnable. The quorum will comprise Chief Justice Avanceña, and Street, Villamor, Johns, Romualdez, and Villareal, JJ., six in all, with Johnson, for the reason given above, not sitting. Acts of the vacation justice are subject to ratification by the court when it convenes in banc for its annual sessions. This procedure is per functory. The quorum sitting July 1 may determine, as no doubt it will, what ever questions remain in legal dispute. It is not the practice to grant friv olous appeals, i. e., those based upon insufficient grounds, or which thresh over old straw. The court may confirm the Malcolm decision of March, deny the petition for rehearing, refuse to entertain an appeal to the supreme court of the United States. Again, it may not: Wright still has another day in court. But even if the court adhere irrevocably to its March de cision and issue its final decree, that will not per se bar Wright from reach ing the court in Washington (even if, to avQid contempt of the court here, he issues the certificate required of him); for the court in Washington may take jurisdiction by certiorari in whatever Philippine cases it desires to have come up to it—of those involving sufficient value, as this one does. If this latter possibility were the outcome, all that had transpired here would be void as of date of the Washington court’s action. Water under the bridge could not be recovered. No, the case does not go over to October, when Justices Malcolm and Ostrand are expected back in Manila. The delay is only to July 1, almost upon us. But there has been delay enough, in all conscience; and all this regrettable litigation, costly to both sides and to the public, even involving personal expense to the auditor, demand upon him for a personal bond of P150,000, besides a fine of P500 actually paid. THE PAPERS LOOK AT DAVIS The Bulletin picks up Governor General Davis’s statement that he will arrive in Manila with an open mind, and says that he will be received with an open mind, “the attitude here is one of watchful waiting, ... he will make for himself the rating which is to be given him.” Regretting his lack of experience here, the same paper describes the “efforts ... to write a Davis inaugural message out of the Stimson farewell address to the legislature” as “a political maneuver as dangerous as it is clever.” It says there can be no quarrel with the major policy, economic develop ment; the disposition of everyone to assist Colonel Davis is sincere. In its editorial of May 17, the Bulletin draws the deadly parallel and, finding “his standing such that he could not be ignored,” accepts his appointment as a political one. The Herald, May 21, says “what is the use of squawking now? . . The fact that our favorite lost in the race is no reason for shedding our tears over it ... It seems premature for his detractors to say just now what manner of a Governor General Mr. Davis would turn out to be.” This paper makes nothing of previous experience in the islands, “some of our best governors general had never had any previous schooling in Philippine affairs before tfieir acceptance of the Philippine post . . . (Stimson) seldom sought the advice of local wiseacres. And if he did, it was only to make doubly sure that his own opinion was correct.” The Herald will be inclined to find in Governor Davis “a kindly at titude” such as Taft, Forbes, Harrison and Stimson had (it says) “and a sense of the fitness of things.” The Tribune, catering like the Herald to a young public, and sponsor ing nationalism, thinks “Davis should be committed*to the Stimson policies on the powers of the Filipinos in the government under the Jones Act (the islands’ organic law, of 1916, prescribed by congress). These policies were put into effect with Mr. Davis as secretary of war, and, thus, as the cabinet member sponsoring them, he cannot now with good grace frown upon these policies without inviting the charge of inconsistency.” But the Tribune, like the Bulletin, finds the choice a political one: “it now develops that the Hoover regime . . . has chosen ... a new executive here to play orthodox politics.” It hopes for clarification of policy, and refers particularly to the stymied situation respecting the government business corporations. The Times spit on its hands May 16 and came very much to the point on this question of converting Malacañang into a political post: “The President has made a serious mistake. He has gone counter to the established traditions of his party and he has laid the ground for future treatment of the Philippine post as a happy hunting ground for political job seekers . . . He has done his party, his country and the Philippines an ill turn.” Pausing to remark the excellent personal qualities of Colonel Davis, and to register (seemingly in the Hollywood sense) optimism con cerning his administration, it goes on to a vehement close: “That is not the point at issue. The appointment of Mr. Davis, however laudable it may be, means that the United States has definitely abandoned the policy of previous years. It is discouraging news for those of us who, for many years, have preached the necessity of building up here the traditions of experienced and continuous American colonial policy. It serves notice on future appointees to the post of vice governor that they are to be con sidered purely as ‘heads of the department of public instruction’, not as potential timber for Malacañang. It must necessarily lower the quality of men who will accept the appointment.” Not yet talked out, this was all followed up with Dissecting Sophistry May 20, paying its respects to the peculiar idea that “the post of Governor General of the Philippines should be filled by a man nationally known in the United States,’’andopin ing that Malacañang “is the job of a hard-working executive” and that “the probability of a short sojourn is one of the principal arguments against the appointment of Mr. Davis, just as it was against that of Mr. Stimson. The new Governor General barely has time to learn a few details of this complicated problem before he is called to another field.” But it applauds Colonel Davis’s emphasis upon economic develop ment, in another editorial, May 21. La Vanguardia falls into line with the common viewpoint of the Fili pino press, deferential to the state council, remarks that Colonel Davis is that sought-for man, nationally known, and a man likely to be inspired with the policy of cooperation and sympathy of his predecessor, Colonel Stimson—a man too who will be successful in this role of the understudy. La Defensa (Catholic) feels that Colonel Davis “comes thoroughly prepared” and “it seems that he will follow along the cooperation policy established here by former Governor Stimson, and because of this he al ready has the cooperation of the Filipino leaders. ... We must note, however, that the new Governor General does not seem inclined to favor our desires for Independence, and although this circumstance will not make him necessarily a bad governor, on the other hand it is possible that under his administration our activities in favor of independence may suffer a little. ... We may lose in this important aspect of our national life.” El Debate (labor) swells the chorus of the Filipino press that Colonel Davis is the man for all. Its editor is a member of the legislature and is closely identified with the majority leadership. june, THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 11 The Newspapers Here is the index on Vice-Governor Gilmore in former Governor Forbes’s two-volume work, The Philippine Islands: Gilmore, Eugene A., Secretary of Public Instruction, 1, 425, n.; Vice-Governor, 2, 333. Here also is the text devoted to Gilmore in volume 2, page 333, faithful to the reference in the index: “Vice-Governor Eugene A. Gilmore served (after Wood’s departure) as Acting GovernorGeneral until the arrival in the Islands on March 1, 1928, of the Honorable Henry Lewis Stimson, of New York, who had been appointed Gov ernor-General December 17, 1927.” The parenthesis is supplied. Two or three lines of text, then, sufficed Mr. Forbes in respect to Mr. Gilmore’s public service in the islands; but Forbes’s index on himself extends over more than two columns. Such is the making of history. To verify the data, the editor bor rowed his personal copy of Forbes back from the neighbors, for whose accommodation it is now once more waiting. They may thumb it as much as they will. Below are appended certain editorial com ments upon Vice-Governor Gilmore, dating with the appointment to the governorship of Colonel Dwight F. Davis: From the Tribune of May 28: “There is every reason for believing that ViceGovernor Gilmore will be guided by a high sense of duty, and accept the offer of President Hoover that he continue holding here the post of vice governor-general. When a few months ago he acquiesced to the plea of former Governor Stimson to continue further in that post, he acted guided by that duty. The conditions which then dictated that action are the same conditions that should lead at present to the same decision. “Vice-Governor Gilmore has served this country these many years in a manner granted by all to be exceptional. On three different occasions he has served as acting governor general, also in a manner unanimously adjudged superlative. The demand that he stay here, that he continue holding the post of vice-gov ernor and secretary of the department of public instruction, is subscribed to by the Filipinos and all the alien communities in the country. “It is not so much that that is a great tribute to him as it is a sign of the necessity of his re maining here that, to our mind, will make him decide to be still identified with the Philippine government and the affairs of the Filipino people.” From the Bulletin of May 21: “The same sentiment which was favorable to the appointment of Eugene A. Gilmore as governor general favors his continuing in office as vice governor now that another man has been named governor general. That is the prevailing sentiment in the Philippines. “The reasons supporting the sentiment fa voring Mr. Gilmore’s continuing here are the same as those favoring his appointment to the governorship. He has knowledge and training that are valuable to the office. Now that a man without Philippine training has been se lected for the governorship the assistance of a trained assistant becomes all the more important . “The whole weight of sound argument is on the side of making the vice governor more than a mere cabinet member and a standby waiting to sit in when the governor’s chair is vacant. With a program of permanency in administra tion, continuity of policy and personnel, the vice governor should have a prominent place in the administration. Mr. Gilmore has a schooling which should not be permitted to go to waste. “The office of vice governor is not one to be sought after, not worth clinging to for what it is. Mr. Gilmore could not be expected to hang to it as if it were a prize. It is in no sense a prize. But there is an opportunity for him to render a service, a service which he alone is prepared to render. “That is the consideration behind the request that he stay. He is needed.” Look At Gilmore Vice Governor Eu gene A. Gilmore, it seems at this writing, will remain on in Ma nila as the vice gover nor of the islands and their secretary of pu blic instruction under Governor General Dwight F. Davis. His total service as the islands (acting) chief executive during the past seven years com prises about fifteen months; he, though Stimson is credited with it, established cooperation between the executive and the legislature. He secured aecord with the legislative branch of the government without sacrificing executive authority or limiting it with a state council. He is making his second insular budget; he extended Rizal avenue to give another main road out of Manila; he got bonds voted in sufficient sums for the adequate im provement of Iloilo and Cebu harbors and the sanitation of Manila, where he encouraged zonification. He took all those effective steps (the legislature agreeing) which are improving inter island transportation. Many predict he will be of great assistance to Governor Davis, a reason able assumption. He is no lame duck, a full professorship of law awaits him in the Univer sity of Wisconsin, if he decides to return to uni versity life. He has also received other offers. The Call of Salt Water By Ed. Gallaher Affectionately inscribed to those old salts who imagine that a chicken ranch, somewhere, is the place to round out the Biblical age. The sea is my love and I cannot live without her! Moods she has many, God knows, in calm and storm. I have tired of' her ways, her tumultuous caprices— Her willful, wild ways have plagued my soul. And the work she has given me! It has seamed my face And bent my back And put pains and aches in my bones Till I couldn’t sleep, many’s the time. And the chow she’s given me wasn’t fit for a dog, Rotten and stinkin’ And never enough at the best. Once I left her and cursed her, And swore never to see her again. I went miles away from salt water And fooled with chickens and pigs, And tried to raise garden truck and the like— For a man must live, somehow. But at night in my dreams the sea laughed And jeered at me and said she was waitin’, Waitin’ to welcome me back. No hurry! Sometime, when the land got too solid beneath my feet And I longed for a deck with a heave to it, I’d be back.. Oh, yes, I’d be back! Every night she came and she laughed. Sure enough, the land got too solid under my feet, And every bone in my body ached for a deck with a heave to it, And the song of the winds in the riggin’, And the sight of a smokin’, salt wake; And the grunt of a pig And the crow of a cock Made me sick! So I packed up my bag And struck out for the docks where the ships come and go. I was back, Back to the place I belonged, And the sea laughed no more: She knows she’s my love, that I cannot live without her! From the Times of May 29: “It is a matter of congratulation for the country that despite alluring offers from high institutions of learning in the United States our present acting governor general, Eugene A. Gilmore, apparently will stay with us and carry on his work so auspiciously begun by him, along health and educational lines. “Mr. Gilmore will continue as vice-governor and in him the new governor general, Dwight F. Davis, will find an able and experienced collabo rator. What Governor General Davis lacks in knowledge of the Philippines, Vice-Governor Gilmore more than amply will make up for. “Thus again we find Mr. Gilmore’s personality thrown in bold relief. Here is a man who, put ting aside self-pride and all considerations of personal gain, finds himself at all times ready to serve his country and the people whom it has been his lot to serve in this part of the world. “Mr. Gilmore is showing good examples of leadership and citizenship to the people of these islands. Indeed a good citizen should be ready to heed the call of service and serve his people and other peoples as well, in whatever position may be entrusted to him.” Governor Davis is reaching Manila July 8, and the legislature will open July 15. Prior to Davis’s arrival in the islands the budget for the next fiscal year must practically be repared, the task falling to Gilmore. That ought to merit two or three words more of index in a second edition of an alleged definitive compen dium of Philippine history. Many editorial comments in the Filipino press corroborate the American comment appreciative of Gilmore’s work as vice governor and acting governor general. 12 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL June, iy^y Manila’s Bañgos—Milkfish—Industry {From Page 9) other vermin; to kill or scare away fish-eating birds; and to assist in transfering young fish and catching those marketable, changing water in the ponds, repairing nets, and the rest of the daily routine. Wages are from 1 to 1.50 pesos a day, depending upon the locality; near Manila they are higher, and in outlying provinces they may be much lower. Several small bancas and one or more large ones will be needed for transportation along the river and in the canals and ponds. The number will vary with the size of the establishment and the number of workmen. Large drag nets, or seines, will be needed for catching marketable fish. Small fine-meshed nets (panagap) are needed to catch hatirin; these nets are from 6 to 8 meters Jong and 3 or 4 meters wide. Large long-handled dip nets are used for many pur poses, and several of the square dip nets (bitinan) will be needed when hatirin are caught. Small fine-meshed baklad are necessary for catching shrimps, or ulang and sugpo, and various kinds of crabs such as alimango and alimasag. All told these will cost from 100 to 200 pesos. A large fish-pond system will need a motor boat to carry the fish to market, bring supplies, and make inspections. With a motor boat the owner can market his fish without delay and in first-class condition. The number of fish per hectare in ponds stock ed for market depends upon the condition of the pond. The usual practice is to overstock. Carefull growers when making the final allot ment usually put in 1,000 hatirin for each hec tare of pond in good condition. A pond in excellent condition where everything is favor able, as the Ayala ponds at Macabebe, Pam panga, can carry from 1,500 to 2,000 hatirin or garongin per hectare till ready for market. Harvest time in bangos ponds varies widely according to the management and also the locality. There are two plans in general use; namely, harvesting once a year and harvesting twice a year. To say that the bangos are mar keted but once a year is a misstatement, since under this system they are really harvested from the end of May to the close of the rainy season in September. When the fish are taken from a pond it is drained and a new growth of lumut started unless the pond already has a luxuriant growth of algae. It is then promptly restocked with the requisite number of hatirin or garongin, so that very little time is lost from the use of the pond. The bangos harvested under this method weigh from 400 to 600 grams, with an average of 500 grams, and sell at from 25 to 42 centavos each, according to the state of the market. Your By Max J. This would be a rosy world were it not for the worries some of us bequeath to the rest of us. Among worries that need not be passed on, and which cause more distress, more annoyance, more actual dollars and cents loss than any others, are those arising from the failure to make a will. No man likes to think that after striving to build up an estate, it will be found after he has gone that he has been careless of his family’s welfare. Yet, if he dies without making a will, he casts his property and the future of his de pendents into the hands of the law, shackled by the inflexible, arbitrary statutes of the state in which he lives. In most instances, men who fail to make wills also fail to inform themselves how the law will operate in the distribution of their own estates. The court must charge someone with the burdensome and difficult task of administering Occasionally a few bangos escape when the rest are harvested and remain uncaught for another year. By the end of the second year they will weigh between 1 and 2 kilograms. Such bangos are called “laón.” When the owner follows the method of har vesting bangos twice a year hatirin are placed in the pond during May or June and marketed from the end of September through the month of October. Then the pond is drained, the ground freshly prepared, and the pond re stocked with garongin which are harvested in April and May. The bangos reared under this method should reach a weight of 300 to 500 grams and sell for 20 to 35 centavos each. The term harvest appears in the text: the indus try is rated farming and is not taxed under the revenue law.—Ed. Will Cavanaugh* *Data derived from exchanges of the International Banking Corporation, Mr. Cavanaugh being in the Manila office. an estate. If no will is left the family’s welfare must depend largely upon the ability, experience and prudence of some near relative, appointed under statutory designation, who may or may not be qualified, or upon the public administra tor. These conditions and the results likely to follow are consistent neither with ordinary bu siness judgment, nor with the love and considera tion a man has for his family. No man deli berately intends them. They are, however, the certain consequences of neglect and pro crastination. The right to make a will is a privilege the law gives to him who prefers to impress his own judgment and desires upon the disposition of the property his life efforts have accumulated or which has descended to him by inheritance. It assures him that his own wishes, and not the arbitrary and inflexible provisions of the law applicable to persons who die without a will, will govern the distribution of his property. and a real thirst - quen cher— There is satisfaction n every glass of delicious Brewed by SAN MIGUEL BREWERY When Touring in these islands it is wise to guard yourself against cho lera, dysentery and those deadly diseases that are contracted through drinking impure water. THE 100°/o PURE natural water— is available everywhere! It is guaranteed free from every trace of microbic life or earthy deposits. Its radio-activity has earned for TANSAN the name of a preventive against stomach and kidney disorders! Sole Distributors: F. E. ZUELLIG, INC. MANILA ILOILO CEBU IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL june, íyzy THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 13 Among the advantages he can secure through making a will are the division of his estate with an intelligent regard to the special needs of his family, the nomination of guardians for his minor children, the selection of the executor or executors to whose ability and discretion all of his accumulated property is to be entrusted, and the granting of powers for managing real estate and other property which will permit his estate to be conserved and handled in a business like manner. He can also, through a will, safeguard the welfare of his family by postponing the date of final distribution of his property. This is ac complished by providing for the creation of a trust in the will, which is the legal manner of continuing after death the care and supervision which he himself now employs. It relieves his widow and children from the burden and risk of management and assures that his estate will be used in accordance with the purposes for which he built it up. Through a trust he assures the comfort, security and advancement of the persons dependent upon him. Every prudent man will realize that some such plan is essential to the full protection of his family and his property. Who Should Be Your Executor and Trustee?— The executor’s duties are to probate the will, take possession of the property, ascertain the claims against the estate, pay those that are valid and reject any others, file income and other tax returns for the deceased and for the estate itself, secure appraisals of the property for inheritance taxes, use discrimination where the sale of assets is necessary, pay legacies, distribute the residue, keep legal records and make a final accounting to the court. If the will creates a trust, it becomes the duty of the trustee to set up the trust fund, keep it safely and profitably invested and apply the income and principal as directed. The trustee also makes tax returns, keeps legal records, and renders periodic accounts. These important duties demand special train ing and ability and large expenditure of time and effort. The modern executor and trustee is continually called upon for action which requires a practical knowledge of business, banking, investment, taxation and accountancy. He must be reliable, always available and finan cially responsible. One further attribute is essential, which no relative or friend can possess;—namely, the certainty of surviving with the full capacity to function until the estate is settled and the trust administered. A bank’s life is continuous. It is not subject to sickness, loss of mental vigor, or death. It includes within itself trained individuals, each specially equipped with technical ability. The administration of estates is a part of its regular business and it is always available. Every step in the process of settlement is directed by men whose knowledge and experience embrace that special part of the work. It has an im partial view-point and will not be swayed from businesslike procedure by self-interest or family disputes. Its accounts and acts are at all times under the supervision of its own auditors and those of the Government. Its responsibility is fixed. Its appointment saves the estate the heavy and unnecessary cost of surety bonds. It is now almost universally conceded that the soundest and most economical method of ad ministering an estate is through a bank, either acting as sole executor, or as co-executor in conjunction with some relative or friend. A Will Should Be Frequently Reconsidered.— A will is far from being a static instrument and there are many events likely to occur which make a reexamination of it wise and necessary. A birth, a marriage or a death may frequently cause radical changes in the effect of a will, and in some cases absolutely revoke it. Alteration in the size and character of your estate, the death or incapacity of the executor you have named, or a change in your conception of what is now expedient and prudent make it your duty to study your plan from time to time in the light of today’s knowledge and experience. Such consideration may persuade you that an entirely new will should be drawn. Perhaps it may be sufficient in its general terms, but you may wish to change the clause appointing your executor because of the belief that the experience and equipment of a financial institution are now essential to the efficient administration of an estate. You can make this change and obtain this character of assistance for your estate without changing your will, merely by making a simple codicil, in which you name your Bank as ex ecutor or co-executor. The Preparation of a Will.—A will is one of the most important legal documents you will ever make. No one without special training and knowledge of the law should undertake to write a will. It should be prepared by your attorney and executed under his supervision. In selecting a Bank or Trust Company to act as Trustee or Executor under your will, it is desirable to choose one with a history of long and successful management—which history assures experience, conservatism and stability. It should be one where high standards, built up and maintained from generation to generation, guide and control the conduct of its business. A director in Bureaucrasie— “Why, the thousand pesos,” said he, Is a very small stake For an hombre to make, When his salary’s six thirty-three!” —P. A .H. Sportsmen’s Hea dq uarters O the Golfer we purvey Harlequin, Super harlequin, and Dot and Dash golf balls famous everywhere for durability and resiliency, and the peerlees BURKE GOLF CLUBS Kings of the Course Squires Bingham Co. 15 Plaza Goiti Manila, P. I. Phone 2-13-01 Social Progress Tito Armiendo (Pronounced with crescendo) Was very expert with the cue; When tardy to dinner— As often, the sinner!— Said wife “He is playing”. She knew. A spouse quite obedient And also expedient, She kept his meals warm for his coming; When he’d lost she could tell, He was gloomy as h----- , But if he had won he’d be humming. This makeshift existence Kept up with persistence Until, on an evening quite recent, There was no wifey home— (No use of a tome), The man thought desertion indecent. For Your Electrical Work Phone MORA 2-32-40 MORA ELECTRIC CO., INC. 7 CALLE SODA MANILA, P. I. So, grasping his bolo And striking out solo (He learned wife had gone to his brother’s), He slew in his pother His wife, dad and mother— In the house at the time were no others. But alas for such measures, Which heritage treasures When wives flout man’s masculine honor— Cops put him in prison, The chair may be his’n— The betting is odds he’s a gonner! There’s a new notion growing, Of America’s sowing, That women are more than men’s chattels; But ere it’s entrenched More homes will be drenched With the gore of such one-sided battles. CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL *7 ‘OAOZNG TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN 14 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE juukhal JU11C, Pass the Century Mark? Easy in the Philippine! Undeserved ill fame is so characteristic of the Philippines that it even involves the climate. Actually one of the pleasantest and most salu brious in the world, this climate is reputed one of the most malignant. The climate is blamed for mere human carelessness: the simple fact doesn’t seem to register, that, as man thrives in the islands, so will his parasites, against which due precaution must be taken. So it happens that among a people numbering about 12 million there are some 230,000 deaths a year; most of them, however, among infants helpless against the deficient and infected diet they are fed. Even children in the Philippines, given ap proximately good care, thrive like guinea pigs. It is the experience of Americans, and of Filipino families where the mother has been tutored moderately in the care of children, that the climate is benignant for children, yet precisely the opposite of this is the general impression outside the islands. It seems inevitable that people believe the worst about the islands, when it would be far more sensible, especially for Americans, and even more profitable, to believe the truth. The heat prevailing on the coast where Manila is situated is, during the period from March to October, often uncomfortable during the day, and very rarely at night, since of nights there is a pleasant moderating breeze and sleep is sound and refreshing. In this period, too, from May to October, first daily showers, then the monsoon rains relieve the daylight heat. Many old residents prefer the rainy season to the dry, which prevails from November to May. There is but rarely an instance of sunstroke in the islands, and sun helmets are not com monly worn. This contrasts favorably for the islands with the neighboring countries of Asia, where fatal sunstroke is common. The Philip The Insular Life Assurance Co., Ltd. MANILA, P. I. Low rates iberal conditions ocal investments oans on real estates repayable monthly instalments, at ow interest If a mindful man with a fixed salary dies, he will only leave a small saving to his family FOR ABOUT F31.00 ANNUALLY our company guarantees the payment of Pl,000 to your wife or sons in case of death, or to the insured himself if he survives the policy. Call or write for particulars to: HOME OFFICE C. S. SALMON 4th Floor, Filipinas Bldg. 3rd Floor, Gachés Bldg Plaza Moraga, Manila, P. I. Escolta cor. T. Pinpin 115 P. O. Box 128 P. O. Box 734, Manila V. SINGSON ENCARNACION, President J, McMICKING, Manager pine peasant wears a broad sunshade in the field, advisedly, both women and men; but for others such precautions are quite unnecessary. The sun’s effect is to stimulate the action of the skin in getting rid of inimical matter, and to banish, with its ultraviolet rays, a number of diseases, principally those provoked by deficient nour ishment of the bones. The Philippines have, in fact, but a few mala dies to overcome, when they will be reckoned what they really are now for persons hygienically inclined one of the most healthful of countries. The maladies lingering on because of popular ignorance and prejudice are, notably, beriberi and malaria. The first mentioned will be the first to go, but the other will yield in time; and meantime it is helpful against the blood diseases The West Coast Life Insurance Company offers a full line of modern life insurance contracts designed to meet every need of business nr personal protection. For particulars and quotations consult the Philippine Branch Office West Coast Life Insurance Co. Kneedler Building Manila, P. I. Telephone 2-36-74 which work such havoc in temperate countries and comparatively so little in the Philippines. The fever accompanying malaria kills the spiro chete, yet does not always kill the patient. The natural salubrity of the Philippine climate is readily demonstrable from the mortality records. These show, in the first place, a pre ponderance of deaths during the age of infancy and early childhood from easily preventable diseases—deaths among the peasants, deaths due to parental ignorance and the want of me dical and hospital care. In the second place, they show the remarkable age to which adult life is often prolonged. The latest health service report off the print ing bureau press is for 1926. In that year 2,571 persons died in the Philippines who were 100 or more years old. Others lived on. Surely there are few countries in which the century mark is so frequently reached by the aged, but this is but a part of the story; Jor in the same year 5,561 persons died above the age of 70 and under 75, and 3,710 above 74 and under 80, and 5,031 above 80 and under 85, and 2,532 above 84 and under 89, and 2,461 above 90 and under 94, and 1,482 above 94 and under 99. The total approximates 23,250, about 10% of all deaths for the year, and represents those who more than lived out their allotted span of three score years and ten. The record seems at least comparable with those for other coun tries. Centenarians are so common in the Philip pines that nothing is thought of it; it isn’t news for a man to pass his 100th birthday, shriveled and bent but still quite alive. August is the most unhealthful month of the year in the Philippines, and November the most healthful. The hottest months, March, April and May, are little more devastating than November, one of the coolest, which ushers in four months of a season of invigorating sunlight and stimulating cloudless nights that still awaits due appreciation by the poet, the philosopher and the traveler. A dapper young man from BalerFor politics had a great flair Till a chap from New York Got him going on pork And left him quite up in the air. The Journal announces with sorrow the death in May of W. P. G. Elliott. A member of the firm of Hair and Elliott, brokers and stock exchange members, Mr. Elliott had been con tributing to this review a timely monthly review of the stock and bond market. He had had a long career in the orient. He was the President of the Manila Stock Exchange. Condolences to surviving relatives are sincerely expressed. When other arrangements shall have been made, the reviews of the market will be re gularly published again. On Every Billboard “How was the scenery on your trip?” “It ran largely to tooth paste and smoking tobacco.”—Louisville Courier Journal. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENT PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JUORNAL .imaJjLJIV WirJUUljXWli jyJUf\.n/iL 15 Origins of the Roman Catholic Church GIBBON—(Continued from May) III. The supernatural gifts, which even in this life were ascribed to the Christians above the rest of mankind, must have conduced to their own comfort, and very frequently to the conviction of infidels. Besides the occasional prodigies, which might sometimes be effected by the immediate interposition of the Deity when he suspended the laws of Nature for the service of religion, the Christian church, from the time of the apostles and their first disciples, has claim ed an uninterrupted succession of miraculous powers, the gift of tongues, of vision, and of prophecy, the power of expelling daemons, of healing the sick, and of raising the dead. The knowledge of foreign languages was frequently communicated to the contemporaries of Ire naeus, though Irenaeus himself was left to strug gle with the difficulties of a barbarous dialect, whilst he preached the gospel to the natives of Gaul. The divine inspiration, whether it was conveyed in the form o f a waking or of a sleeping vision, is described as a favor very liberally bestowed on all ranks of the faithful, on women as on elders, on boys as well as upon bishops. When their devout minds were sufficiently pre pared by a course of prayer, of fasting, and of vigils, to receive the extraordinary impulse, they were transported out of their senses, and deliver ed in ecstasy what was inspired, being mere organs of the Holy Spirit, just as a pipe or flute is of him who blows into it. We may add that the design of these visions was, for the most part, either' to disclose the future history, or to guide the present administration, of the church. The expulsion of the daemons from the bodies of those unhappy persons whom they had been permitted to torment, was considered as a signal though ordinary triumph of religion, and is repeatedly alleged by the ancient apologists as the most convincing evidence of the truth of Christianity. The awful ceremony was usually performed in a public manner, and in the presence of a great number of spectators; the patient was relieved by the power or skill of the exorcist, and the vanquished daemon was heard to confess that he was one of the fabled gods of antiquity, who had impiously usurped the adoration of mankind. But the miraculous cure of diseases of the most inveterate or even preternatural kind can no longer occasion any surprise, when we recollect that in the days of Irenaeus, about the end of the second century, the resurrection of the dead was very far from being esteemed an uncommon event; that the miracle was frequently perform ed on necessary occasions, by great fasting and the joint supplication of the church of the place, and that the persons thus restored to their pray ers had lived afterwards among them many years. At such a period, when faith could boast of so many wonderful victories over death, it seems difficult to account for the scepticism of those philosophers who still rejected and derided the doctrine of the resurrection. A noble Gre cian had rested on this important ground the whole controversy, and promised Theophilus, Bishop of Antioch, that, if he could be gratified with the sight of a single person who had been actually raised from the dead, he would imme diately embrace the Christian religion. It is somewhat remarkable that the prelate of the first eastern church, however anxious for the con version of his friend, thought proper to decline this fair and reasonable challenge. The miracles of the primitive church, after obtaining the sanction of ages, have been lately attacked in a very free and ingenious inquiry, which, though it has met with the most favorable reception from the public, appears to have excited a general scandal among the divines of our own as well as of the other Protestant churches of Europe. Our different sentiments on this subject will be much less influenced by any particular arguments, than by our habits of studv and reflection; and, above all, by the ence which we have accustomed squire for the proof of a miraculous 1 c’uty of an historian does not call t- .o nterpose his private judgment in ■ v.j important controversy; but he C ; dissemble the difficulty of adopting such a theory as may reconcile the interest of religion with that of reason, of making a proper application of that theory, and of defining with precision the limits of that happy period, exempt from error and from deceit, to which we might be disposed to extend the gift of supernatural powers. From the first of the fathers to the last of the popes, a succession of bishops, of saints, of martyrs, and of miracles, is continued without interruption; and the progress of superstition was so gradual, and almost imperceptible, that we know not in what particular link we should break the chain of tradition. Every age bears testimony to the wonderful events by which it was distinguished, and its testimony appears no less weighty and respectable than that of the preceding generation, till we are insensibly led on to accuse our own inconsistency, if in the eighth or in the twelfth century We deny to the venerable Bede, or to the holy Bernard, the same degree of confidence which, in the second cen tury, we had so liberally granted to Justin or to Irenaeus. If the truth of any of those miracles is appreciated by their apparent use and pro priety, every age had unbelievers to convince, heretics to confute, and idolatrous nations to convert; and sufficient motives might always be produced to justify the interposition of Heaven. And yet, since every friend to revelation is per suaded of the reality, and every reasonable man is convinced of the cessation, of miraculous powers, it is evident that there must have been some period in which they were either suddenly or gradually withdrawn from the Christian church. Whatever aera is chosen for that purpose, the death of the apostles, the conver sion of the Roman empire, or the extinction of the Arian heresy, the insensibility of the Chris tians who lived at that time will equally afford a just matter of surprise. They still supported their pretensions after they had lost their power. Credulity performed the office of faith; fanatic ism was permitted to assume the language of inspiration, and the effects of accident or con trivance were ascribed to supernatural causes. The recent experience of genuine miracles should have instructed the Christian world in the ways of Providence, and habituated their eye (if we may use a very inadequate expression) to the style of the divine artist. Should the most Atlantic Gulf and Pacific Co. OF MANILA ENGINEERS MANUFACTURERS CONTRACTORS 71-77 Muelle de la Industria MANILA, P. I. skillful painter of modern Italy presume to dec orate his feeble imitations with the name of Ra phael or of Correggio, the insolent fraud would be soon discovered, and indignantly rejected. Whatever opinion may be entertained of the miracles of the primitive church since the time of the apostles, this unresisting softness of tem per, so conspicuous among the believers of the second and third centuries, proved of some acci dental benefit to the cause of truth and religion. In modern times, a latent and even involuntary scepticism adheres to the most pious dispositions. Their admission of supernatural truths is much less an active consent than a cold and passive acquiescence. Accustomed long since to observe and to respect the invariable order of Nature, our reason, or at least our imagination, is not sufficiently prepared to sustain the visible action of the Deity. But, in the first ages of Chris tianity, the situation of mankind was extremely different. The most curious, or the most cred ulous, among the Pagans, were often persuaded to enter into a society which asserted an actual claim of miraculous powers. The primitive Christians perpetually trod on mystic ground, and their minds were exercised by the habits of believing the most extraordinary events. They felt, or they fancied, that on every side they were incessantly assaulted by daemons, comforted by visions, instructed by prophecy, and surpriingly delivered from danger, sickness, and from death itself, by the supplications of the church. The real or imaginary prodigies, of which they so frequently conceived themselves to be the objects, the instruments, or the spectators, very happily disposed them to adopt with the same ease, but with far greater justice, the authentic wonders of the evangelic history; and thus mira cles that exceeded not the measure of their own experience inspired them with the most lively assurance of mysteries which were acknowledged to surpass the limits of their understanding. It is this deep impression of supernatural truths which has been so much celebrated under the name of faith; a state of mind described as the surest pledge of the divine favor and of future felicity, and recommended as the first, or perhaps the only merit of a Christian. According to the more rigid doctors, the moral virtues, which may be equally practised by infidels, are destitute of any value or efficacy in the work of our justifica tion. (Continued in July) SPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 16 THE AMERICAN CHAlVLtSEK UP UUiviiviC't^c, juuiumu BE CK’S 89 ESCOLTA 91 • ’ HTT~T F Outfitting Children for School? Drop in! We have every thing they need in the way of clothing and desk supplies We can make it easy for you! AN IMPORTANT Visit our store and see our sets and desk sets of the finest For instance, the Porter ladies’ and men’s—P6. We of pen, in standard size, at P7; men’s—P7.50. A FULL AND PENCILS TOO! Beck’s Specials a Our Special Radio Sale Formerly Now Radiola Crystal Set, Portable Model .................................................................... P15.00 P5.00 Kodel V. T. 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Accessories, such as tubes, batteries, etc., when bought with the above-listed radio sets, will be discounted 20%. All purchases are strictly cash—one price to all. All of the above radio goods are brand new. Prices reduced to make space for new lines. No Returns ------------ No Exchanges At our radio department: 136-138 Escolta “You know, I’ f * at Beck’s in ■ ossen should see the: iht s and afternoon . ks yc in Manila. I r . i, i -e positively thr to such splendid ceriili YOU CAN ALWAYS FIND W ' - ■ — ........... —.... ■ IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOU'.N ■ xxx^ rixu^ivivzin V'.iiZllKZ xDEZn. L7jT V(J2KI1UDI\U^ J U V L\lN^±JLi 1 / STORE OF COMPETENCE ANNOUNCEMENT! gorgeous array of pens, duette quality at attractive prices! Jumbo, in assorted colors— also have this famous brand P4. 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The subject may engage the attention of our own university, some coordination of effort may be established—which would be an advantage to the cause of learning here. A study of the Chinese as a foreign trader, colonizer, and father of the Sino-Malayan. dominant element in the Philippines, would naturally lead to research in the general records of the government and, more particularly, in the orientalia and Philippiniana in the reference division of the public library. This collection is reputed unsurpassed. Then, too, the Beyer collection of porcelains, though mainly of fragments, but sufficient for study, is unexcelled even in the London mu seums, which it actually surpasses. The Council, quite rightly, feels that American interest in China has been too long delayed. Preliminary meetings under the auspices of the Council, an effective agency for the advance ment of learning, seem to have brought the movement to the stage where funds will be sought for the founding of the work; and that there will responses in behalf of such institu tions as Harvard, Yale, Princeton and Columbia in the east, and Stanford in the west, there can be no doubt. Remarks by Mortimer Graves, secretary of the Council, throw a sufficient light on the subject: Changing American Policy in the Orient— Its Manifestations in the Philippines (Continued from page 6) Then let us examine into it a little. Nothing is either wholly good or wholly evil. For digressive illustration, of this philosophic truth, let it be recalled that much of this growing city of Manila occupies areas once the site of majestic primeval forests. It was a grievous wound to nature to cut them down, yet it served mankind. A century ago the sturdy walnut, hewn down and burned, gave place to corn fields along the great Ohio; and in the place where the pioneer ruthlessly bruised the forests and dug the fallow wilderness, farms, towns and cities are feeding, employing and sheltering millions of people today—an important and significant fact for us in the Philippines, since these millions of Ohio-valley folk have constant need of our prod ucts. If the valley were still an awesome but magnificent wilderness, copra would not sell even for three pesos per picul. The esthetic and the material are often opposed one to the other; both are essential to modern life; the esthetic is healing to man’s inclination to despair, but it is the material utilization of the earth’s wealth by which man really lives. Conditions often appear in a more precise light when their alternatives are reflected upon. If the activities of the concessionist in the Philippines seem objectionable, what is the alternative? We have that at present, and it is not satisfactory; no, nor even very tolerable. It is not very tolerable to behold the fertile regions of Mindanao (and even many fertile areas of Luzon itself) given over to roaming barbarians who set wild fire to denude the hills, spreading from little patches where they make meager plantings; who thus destroy the protec tive forest without putting in its stead farms, towns and cities; rather, they abandon the sites of their annual ravages, take despoiling toll of the forest somewhere else; flood pours down the naked hills they leave behind them, and carries havoc to the civilized settlements. Thus the millions of uncultivated acres in the Philippines cannot be saved to posterity by keeping the scientific husbandman off of them; if he would expend his millions of dollars and convert these fallow lands into empires of productive fields, his would “That the next decade will see a striking in crease in American interest in Chinese studies is no very faring prediction. In the domain of politics an4 economics, the large number of works daily coming from the press on current Far Eastern affairs and the activities of such organizations as the Institute of Pacific Rela tions demonstrate the growing realization of the truth of John Hay’s dictum that the world’s peace rests with China.” He then says that the Chinese have important contributions to make to humanistic and social sciences. “It has been estimated that prior to 1750 more books had been published in Chinesethan in all other languages combined. As late in 1850, Chinese books outnumbered those in any other language. Even in 1928 the largest publishing house in the world (this is the Commercial Press.—Ed.) is located not in New York, or London, or Paris, or Berlin, but in Shanghai. And little of the literature thus produced is ephemeral, for the Chinese penchant has been towards history, topography, philosophy, poetry and commentary on the classics, all saturated with a serenity and a height of tone that might well be emulated by the more sophisticated literatures. “It is evident, therefore, that if we are to hope for the final solution of our linguistic and phil ological problems, the satisfaction of our anti quarian or archeological curiosity, and the construction of an adequate philosophy or a complete historical synthesis, we cannot dis regard the lessons learned by a vigorous and intelligent people, numbering one fourth of the population of the globe, through 3,000 years of continued and varied culture.” Remarking that America is surpassed by be the risks of experimentation and the country’s and his the gains from his probable eventual success. This magazine has published descrip tions by foresters of what goes on now, the barba rians’ spoliation of the unoccupied lands. This information has been supplemented with other authentic data to the effect that a capital of 5,000 pesos ($2,500) is insufficient for the plant ing up, in Manila hemp and coconuts, of a single homestead of 16 hectares, 40 acres. To subdue tropical jungle and substitute it with hemp for which you will wait near two years after planting for the first crop, and with coco nuts or rubber for which you will wait eight and ten years for the first worthwhile returns, is a task recommending itself more to the able corporation than to the individual. But the two may thrive together, the corporation being bank and primary market for the settler. How did Negros and Pampanga become great sugar-producing provinces? Practically in this way; namely, upon the credit of corporations interested in buying the product on the one hand, and in supplying the machinery for its milling on the other. Similarly the Batangas coffee industry once thrived, and why does it now languish? The direct interest of exporting corporations has waned, credit has been withdrawn. The same group of planters who were once apparently so capable in the industry, seem now to have lost their cunning; it is, however, rather their credit which is the wanting factor. Were a great corporation to go about restoring this industry with a capital sufficient to see it through the initial experiments, the fortunes of the plant ers would be rehabilitated because they would all vicariously profit by what the corporation did in its own selfish behalf. (Incidentally, a new social class, aligned with the corporation, and more concerned with bourse quotations than with the petty affairs of local government, would develop. This may now be observed of the sugar industry; it is a concomitant of all planta tion prosperity). The major benefits the islands are to derive from the concessionists remain to be stated. They are two. (Concluded on page 23) France, England, Russia and Germany in re vealing Chinese culture to the western world by the media of translations, Mr. Graves adds that in American universities at present it is easier “to become an initiate in .the mysteries of an ancient language whose whole record com prises a number of sculptured stones or clay tablets, than it is to obtain the key to an im mense and living literature (the Chinese) which can boast a single encyclopedia of over 11,000 volumes. “This is a condition that ought not to exist, and the signs of the times portend that it will Jefferson McChailler draws him! He has read the new Einstein theory all through and it’s the bunk—it does not tell why gentlemen prefer blondes! Junior’s own preference is for GORDON GIN It’s best! Judge—So you plead guilty to taking a drink of alcoholic liquor in a speak easy? Yes, your honor. Ten years for imper sonating an officer! —Judge. In the line of GOOD WHISKY Of course there’s a best, too, and we sell it— ROBERTSON Kuenzle & Streiff Importers 343 T. Pinpin Tel. 2-39-36 Manila, P. I. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL june, rTTE^AMERlLJAN CHAMBA OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 19 not exist much longer. The recent establishment of the Harvard-Yengching Institute, to mention only a single important development, is a most promising indication of awakening interest.” After publication of the Bulletin quoted, the subject was further taken up in the April meet ing of the American Oriental Society, at Cam bridge. The Bulletin outlines, for the informa tion of the general membership of the Council, and of others whose initiative must inaugurate the movement and find place for it in the uni versities, the scope that various courses might comprise. Under the head of social history is a list of subjects of which more general knowledge in America than prevails at present, even if it The Fairies and the Sunset By Maud It was sunset. Donata was playing in the rice stubble of her father’s field near Cabu. With her was her constant companion and friend Carmen, and Carmen’s little sister Pati, who always tagged along wherever the two friends went if they would let her. If they did not let her she made such a fuss, as a rule, that the whole family interfered and made Donata and Carmen take her along anyway. On this particular evening the sunset clouds had arranged themselves as if for a lesson in geography. Doning and Mameng,-as the girls lovingly called each other, were busy pointing out in the cloud picture lakes, bays, inlets, gulfs, seas, peninsulas, capes, islands, cliffs, mountain peaks, valleys and clouds above clouds—each one intent upon the game of finding more features than the other. Pati only pointed at the clouds as she saw the bigger girls doing and jabbered baby talk, the meaning of which was clear only to herself. After the girls had named all the points they could, they turned to naming the colors of the sky and clouds, each striving to name more than the other. It was easy to name blue, red, golden, white, pink, and gray, but the tints and shades of the principal colors were harder to name, so Donata and Carmen merely pointed to each new color discovered and called it that. Pati made them laugh heartily by pointing and saying, dat dat. Doning had brought along her colored crayons and a clean sheet of drawing paper. She was very fond of drawing and was ambitious to become a great artist, so she often tried to draw the gorgeous sunsets that were to be seen to the best advantage from her father’s open fields. “How I wish I could paint a sunset just like that one,” sighed Doning, for perhaps the twen tieth time, as she looked at the drawing she had been making and back again at the sunset she was trying to copy. “If wishes were fishes, We’d have some fried.” “What good does it do to wish unless there is a fairy around to grant your wishes?” quoth Carmen. “Well, maybe there are fairies around,” said Donata, looking all about her carefully as if she hoped to see one. “Oh, if we could only see them!” she exclaim ed, so sorrowfully that Carmen laughed with glee. * “Why not open your eyes, then, and see them?”, said a strange, musical voice at Donata’s side. Both girls turned quickly and were startled speechless to see a diminutive maiden of match less beauty standing near them. She was dressed in a gorgeous robe of cloth of gold trimmed with scarlet, while around her slender waist hung a girdle that looked as if made of thin discs of pure gold. Her eyes were large, luminous and of a gray green color. Her lips were of a bright coral red and her cheeks were as pink as the cloud banks near the eastern horizon. The Sunset Fairy, for such she proved to be, was smiling in a friendly manner that won the confidence of the two girls at once and put them at their ease. were confined to university circles, would be of no little national value: origin of customs, history of problems of population, clan and family organ ization, marriage, exogamy, surnames and name magic, serfdom, foot-binding, conctibinage, fa shions, methods of social control, social morality, social classifications, social mobility, philan thropy {native, not missionary), guilds, community organization, housing, communication and iso lation as social but not economic factors, social conflict, accommodations, evolution, conscious ef forts to remake society, assimilation, influence of the press {new). The papers have been reporting the almost total absorption by the Chinese of Manila, of the household shoe industry in Mariquina, which N. Parker Pati, however, who was quite timid in the presence of all strangers, held tightly to Donata’s hand, eyeing doubtfully the maiden, who was even smaller than she. “How would you like to go with me and help paint the sunset itself?”, invited the fairy. BLACKSTONE Crude Oil Engine Full Diesel—Cold Starting 11 To 600 H. P.—In One to Four Cylinder AS a power unit for ice plants, electric plants and wherever motive power is used, Blackstone engine provides steady and efficient service. It is a four-cycle engine of slow speed, which insures long life and economy both in fuel and oil. More than 100 Blackstone engines ranging from 11 to 180 H.P. are now in operation in the Philippines, several of which are repeat orders. Ask a Blackstone owner or visit us to see a Blackstone engine in actual operation MACLEOD & COMPANY MANILA Iloilo Cebu Davao seems to have been effected by the commercial and industrial guilds. The native craftsmen also contributed to their own spoliation through habits of unthrift which involved them in debt to the Chinese who buy their shoes. Bringing this pressure to bear, the Chinese shoe dealers were able to compel the native shoemakers to buy their leather and findings from Chinese importers and tanners, their other necessities, even those of their households, from other Chinese merchants. Native leather dealers did not prosper, it is alleged, since their patrons were unable to sell to the shoe dealers. Such problems, it would seem, ought to engage the interest of our own scholars. But any port in a storm. “Oh, I would like it above everything else!” cried Donata, clasping her hands in delight, thinking only of herself and forgetting her com panions in the excitement of the moment. Pati brought her back to earth by giving a loud cry and clinging to Donata’s dress tightly—• as she always did when there was any question of going anywhere. “There, little girl, don’t cry so,” said the fairy, “you may go also. I am afraid, though, IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 20 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF CU1V11YLEIX.OE JXJUKVrHL juiic/ that you will get more paint on you than on the clouds,” she added. “Oh, Mameng, let’s go,” said Donata, clasping Carmen’s hand tightly, now that she remembered her companions. Carmen was not so enthusiastic as Donata about painting sunsets, but, being a good chum, she always went wherever Donata went and tried to do everything that Donata did, though sometimes only with slight success. “We must hurry, then,” said the fairy. “The sun waits for no one. When he is ready to go down, he just goes, and the artists have to paint very fast if they hope to give him a good set ting.” So saying she seemed to wave her hand lightly toward the sunset and immediately the children found themselves traveling swiftly toward the horizon in the west which seemed like a band of molten gold. Just as a firefly gives light but not heat, so this band, that looked like red hot metal, gave forth no heat. Donata even placed her hand on the horizon line, when they reached it, and was surprised to find that it felt cool to the touch though it glowed like fire. Here at the western horizon, on all sides of the children, stood buckets and cans and pots of paint of all kinds. Large vats full of paint were being hurriedly mixed and stirred by strange little workmen whose cheeks were round and red, while agile young fellows dressed like sailors climbed swiftly, with pots of paint, up long ladders made of lightbeams leading to the place where the artists were at work on the actual painting of the sunset scene. “Where does all this paint come from?” asked Donata, as she saw the buckets of paint sliding swiftly to the ground, trolley like, on long beams of light that went out of sight in all directions. “From fairy paint mines all over the universe,” answered the fairy. “For example, this one that just came in is from a mine in the moon, which gives us a very rare tint like the shim mering, milky color of a good moonstone—such as those found in Ceylon. To get the best results, this color from the moon must be mixed by expert paint mixers, with a white powder from a mine on the Milky Way. This small package here could not be bought with all the gold that has ever been mined from the earth.” Donata felt very much awed by this informa tion and was almost afraid to hold the bucket, which the fairy handed her. She was surprised to find it so heavy that she nearly dropped it, and was glad when the fairy placed it again among the other paints. “These fiery red paints that you see piled up A Valuable Health Hint! It is far better to drink plenty of milk than to unduly tax your digestive powers with too much heavy food. Thousands of people in the Islands, both young and old, drink “BEAR” BRAND NATURAL MILK {Switzerland's Most Famous Product) because they find it gives quickly the needed nourishment, repairs the waste, and so surely renews VIM and VIGOR, without undue strain on the organs of digestion. Sold everywhere in large and small cans in such large quantities,” she continued, “come from volcanoes all over the earth. They come ready mixed by the volcanoes and are great favorites with the artists, since they are easy to apply and make a good showing quickly, which is very essential in sunset painting.” “For the bright and fiercest red the miners have to go to the sun itself and to other great star suns throughout space. That package which just passed us like lightning was mined in one of the star suns such as we have for our earth. Although these paints travel at the same rate as light travels, yet some of the miners are so far away in distant star suns that it takes billions of years for the packages to reach the earth.” It made Carmen’s head ache to try to think of such big numbers, but, Donata who was in terested in every detail of how sunsets were painted, she listened like a true artist to all the fairy’s explanations. In fact Donata was so anxious to learn all the secrets of the painter’s art in order td be a great artist, that she tried to remember every word the fairy said. “Now here,” continued the fairy, “are pack ages of ashes of roses. All the red rose petals that fall from all the roses in the world are carried away by fairy workers to a certain se cret furnace where the petals are burned, and this powder is thus obtained. Look over there toward the east at that big gray cloud. See how the side nearest us is turning to a beautiful pink-gray. That cloud is being painted, by the most expert sunset artists, with this color ashes of roses. It is such a delicate tint that only the very best painters dare to try to apply it. “Those big buckets there,” pointing to' several showing purplish tinges through the tough white clouds of which the pails were made, “contain amethyst powder from the mines of India. It is imported in large quantities for painting the mountain ranges in the east as you can see by looking over there now.” The children looked toward the mountains of Baler, and saw that they were being painted a beautiful purplish tinge, while above them were great piles of white clouds being painted bright pink on top and a lighter baby pink below. Donata was rapidly shown many other colors, such as old rose and red coral, mined from the coral reefs; light green, extracted from curling waves on long sloping sandy beaches; pale purple and mauve taken from the trunks of millions of coconut palm trees on rainy days; precious gold leaf made from the gold of Benguet; and copper powder from under the earth in many lands. Here the Fairy explained that on certain nights, during the rainy season , the whole sunset sky was given a coating of this copper paint—producing a sunset of a coppery color, which superstitious people sometimes feared was a warning of a great eruption of a volcano or of the coming of a baguio. Innumerable fairy workers were darting hither and thither, moving with the swiftness of the light beams on which they traveled by simply taking hold of the beams, that were running like belts in a machine shop—-but oh, so rapidly! Far over beyond the horizon line, Donata could see the colors deepening, as the artists there put them on the blue canvas of the sky. She desired to see the painting close up, to learn how it was actually done, so she asked the fairy to take her up on the scaffolding of the sky painters to the actual place where the colors were being out on. “Are you not afraid to go up so high?” asked the fairy. ‘Oh, no,” replied Donata. “I often climb the tall trees back of our house and watch the sunset.” The fairy laughed and said, “Well, if you are not afraid I will take you; but it is much higher there than the tallest tree. You may not be afraid, but little Pati will surely fall if she is taken along.” Pati, hearing this, set up such a cry at being left that she startled one of the workmen into spilling a whole pot of gilt paint just as he was starting for a spot high overhead where a special artist was flecking with gold the sky above the picture of the lake. Luckily the paint was thick and spread slowly and had been spilled on a clean piece of white cloud, so it was easily scraped up and put back into the paint pot. This accident hushed Pati’s crying for a mo ment, and Donata took her on her hip and told the fairy that she would carry her while they should be aloft. Carmen was very much afraid of climbing trees or going to high places, but she could not think of being left alone, so she overcame her fears as best she could and went along. Now the fairy was able by a simple wave of her hand to move her party to any place she desired to take them. This was very convenient for the earth children, who could not travel along the beams of light, as the fairy workers did. The first place they stopped was near a high cloud cliff, at the edge of what the children called a bay, where there were many artists hurriedly painting the upper edges of the cliff a deep red. The color was being splashed on roughly and looked much different at close quarters than it did when one was far down on the earth. When the children looked back to the earth from which they had come they held their breath in amazement to see how small every thing looked. The houses were mere dots, in fields that looked like small green handkerchiefs hung on a line. It made them dizzy to look down so far, so they turned back quickly to the picture on the sky, and the fairy artists at their work of perfecting it. Donata was interested in the appearance of these artists; they were so different from the workers who carried the paints and from the mixers down on the horizon line, which still glittered like a gold band though far below. “These are the student artists,” explained the fairy “They learn to paint rough scenes like cliffs and seashores and cloud mountains, where the colors are plain and can be merely splashed on.” “Farther along and higher up, where the finer touches with delicate tints are being put on the picture, you will see the best artists of Fairy land.” As she talked the fairy moved her party smoothly but swiftly along from group to group of the artists, who were all too busy splashing on colors to notice visitors. As the groups became smaller and smaller, Donata noticed that the artists became older and that they all wore pointed beards, some of which were quite gray. Pati was now very much at home on the IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL june, iy^y THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 21 scaffolding and begged to be let down to play; so Donata put her down at a wide safe place, while one of the old artists gave her a little pot of gold paint and showed her a place where she could put it or without spoiling the picture. This caused Donata to beg for some paint and a brush, so that she could help paint an actual sunset. Her wish was granted and the artist gave her a corner of the canvas just above the bay, telling her to paint a bright red line there. Carmen, not an artist, spent her time resting and watching the others work. High above she could see the master artists flecking the blue canvas of the sky with bright gold or tinting the pictured clouds with pale rose and mauve. Just above the picture of the gulf stood the new moon with a bright star near its tip. An expert artist was touching the sky canvas with a brush dipped in pale green which har monized perfectly with the pale blue of the sky. Donata, having finished the task assigned her, now stood in rapture before her work which glowed like a living color. “Oh, how I wish I could paint sunsets all the time,” she sighed, as she turned a happy face to the fairy. “Why do not the fairies paint sunsets like this every evening instead of only a few times in the year?” “Well, for one thing,” answered the fairy, “sunset pictures such as this, that cover the whole sky from horizon to horizon, require a great amount of paint and the mines would soon be exhausted. Also the work of painting a great picture is very exhausting for the artists and they can not produce one great picture after another as workmen make articles in a factory. Again, the plans for a great picture must be very carefully thought out in advance, and every one given detailed instructions, so there will be no hitch in the work. The sun requires that pictures painted at his setting be finished within a certain time. He withdraws his light at the end of that time, the artists can not see to paint in the dark, and all the bright colors rapidly fade away.” “Who decides when a great sunset scene is to be painted?” asked Donata. “The fairies of the inner circle,” answered her little guide, so solemnly that Donata felt somewhat in awe. “Whenever there is some great day, such as the birthday of the sun or the dog star, or the day when the moon and Venus stand near together in the sky, as they do to-day, then the inner circle orders a famous picture to be made in honor of the event.” Explanations were here suddenly interrupted by howls of anguish from Pati who was seen coming toward them with her dress all covered with dark red paint. She had fallen over a pot of it, splashing it all over the canvas, much to the disgust of the student artists occupied with that part of the picture. Fortunately the splash was evenly made, and, from the earth, looked as if it had been painted on purpose, so no great harm was done; though for awhile it was feared that the great picture INFORMATION FOR INVESTORS Expert, confidential reporte made on Philippine project a ENGINEERING, MINING, AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, LUMBER, ETC. Hydroelectric projects OTHER COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES BRYAN, LANDON CO. Cebu, P. I. 5i , .... r;......... had been spoiled. An old artist who hurriedly brushed the paint here and there with swift expert strokes, saved the situation. The fairy felt that it might be well to move her party away from that spot, since there was much muttering and scowling among the student artists—who did not enjoy the idea of having their picture spoiled at the last moment by a toddler. It was near the end of the sunset anyway, so by the time the party reached the horizon line, toward which the fairy had waved them, the bright red colors had faded to old rose and deep red, the bright gold had faded to old gold and the ashes of roses had faded to pearl gray. Pink clouds had begun to turn blue gray underneath, only the highest tips in the east retaining their Haphazard Studies in the English Language The identity of the perpetrator of what this department is about to quotor is unimportant. What he says is. Interest attaches to the de linquency, not to the delinquent, so even the name of the paper in which the piece originally appeared, and made a point well taken, is omit ted. It is enough to say that it is a periodical in good repute, published in Manila. First the quotation, matter for comment italicized, then the comment: “The recent creation of a board of examiners to test the knowledge of English of all university and college graduates in the Philippines, who wish to continue their studies in the Ünited States, is a novelty. It is, in a way, a unique innovation, a tacit admission made the more patent by the complaint on the part of the Registrar's Association of the United States, that the teaching of English in our higher in stitutions of learning in accordance with the Filipinization policy of the government has not been entirely a success. “Whatever economic advantages the so-called Filipinization in our public schools may have had, it has one serious drawback and that is the teaching of English by those who have no thorough knowledge of it. We hold no brief against native teachers. Some of them are exceptionally bright and are as capable, along many lines of human endeavor, as any foreign instructor or professor. But, without wishing to appear unpatriotic,—the writer is Filipino— it seems to us that the teaching of English in the higher reaches or grades of education should be confined to American or English teachers alone. Like most foreign languages, the “genius” of the English language is elusive. It can be caught and mastered only by native born or those who have had opportunities of learning English at its source from early childhood. “Whether we like it or not, the Philippines is bound to adopt the English language. Would it not be the better part of wisdom, therefore, to study it to the best of our abilities, to learn it from those alone who are competent to teach it and who know it, as it were, by instinct? Only thus can we expect to make our speech intelligible, persuasive and compelling. Only thus can it represent “the golden harvest that folio we th the flowering of thought.” To encourage the use of what is commonly known as “bamboo” En glish either because through mistaken zeal or economic fallacy, the government refuses to hire real masters of English, is to choose deli berately a poor material when, at a little dif ference in cost, a good one could be had with far better results.” The words and phrases which for the purpose of comment have been italicized, may now be gone over: The recent. Understood, hence superfluous. The knowledge of English of. Cumbersome, the test is in English. Comma rule violated after Philippines: the adjective clause when not restrictive is set off by commas. This clause is restrictive, it confines the allusion to those alone who wish to continue their studies in the United States. In a way, a unique innovation. Superfluou and redundant, as comparison of the meaning of novelty, unique, and innovation will show. On the part. Superfluous, a manilaism. True, things are always being done here on the part of someo.ie other than the one doing them, pink color unchanged. Another wave of the fairy’s hand, after reach ing the earth, and the party moved in a flash from the horizon line, now only a dull gold, to the stubble field of Donata’s father near Cabu. Here the fairy vanished without a word just as the last bright rays of the sun were withdrawn from the west, leaving only a dark red glow low down on the horizon. The children ran home in the dusk of evening, in answer to the call of Donata’s mother, to whom th ey^chattered so much about sunsets and sunsei fairies that she soon gave them their supper and packed them off to bed. In their dreams they made the journey with the sunset fairy all over again, and it seemed just as wonderful as before. that is, they are frequently done by proxy; but that comes of the government’s being much in the news, and doing a great deal here. The ways of governments, especially of bureaucracies, are ever devious. Diction, however, should be direct—particularly when expository. Registrar's. This should probably be Regis trars', the plural possessive form. Filipinization. This is a coined word, but in good repute and essential to the filling of a void; but there seems no good reason to keep on capitalizing it. There is a tendency the other way, which makes transatlantic, transpacific and similar terms correct without either hyphen or capitalized initial letter. (The comma after United States seems superfluous). And that is. In apposition, should be set off with commas—or omitted. /. •<>'.) trii' : ■ - ...• someth’:Jig : no who¡fdoes n.-t • etchers mv j frmr. pchtithose in the good diction, n¡ay likeSome of them are exceptionally bright and are. The second are is superfluous. Along many lines of human expression, lines of human endec oi enjoy good repute, means, if any : analogous to career or profession does not wish to convey this, Lphrase is superfluous. The a intend to say that some Filipi proficient in other lines, and o teachers. Such expressions der cians (not to confine the term islands) and tend to intrude in i where they have no place. Tha rhey may like wise occur in decisions from t bejch is rm defense, since the bench also is <• mn bombas-ic. Foreign instructor or profess< ,. Pardooably the author has here avoided ¡/-peiitim?. bm fallen thereby into an inaccur mv Instructor and professor are not precise syn-.-uvms oí ¿cache r in the sense the word is employ ■ 1: they imply The Philippine Guaranty Company, Incorporated (Accepted by all the Bureaus of the Insular Government) Executes bonds of all kinds for Customs, Immigration and Internal Revenue. DOCUMENTS SURETYSHIPS For Executors, Administrators, Receivers, Guardians, etc. We also write Fire and Marine Insurance Low rates iberal conditions ocal investments oans on real estate repayable by monthly or quarterly instal ments at low interest Call or write for particulars Room 403, Filipinas Bldg. P. O. Box 128 Manila, P. I. NTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 22 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER UF COMMERCE JUUKHAL june, confided, which means teachers. The correct gives way to As with what they purport to imply, the instructor and the professor, who rank above teachers. Col leagues from abroad conveys what the author really wishes to say. In the higher reaches or grades of education. The phrase is too general to be clear, and in our higher schools does better. Confined. Preferably entrusted. America]? or English conjunction is and. Like. This properly or As is the case with. No language is like another; languages merely have points of sim ilarity, and it is their dissimilarities which dis tinguish them from one another. Correctly, the author is not comparing languages, but a characteristic common to them. This word like is often carelessly employed. One should avoid doing so. It is an introductory word for similes. Foreign (as an adjective modifying languages). Superfluous, hence should be omitted—a charac teristic genius pervades every language. “Genius”. Erroneously placed within quo tation marks, whereas the author uses it in a usual and correct sense. The English language. In this phrase the article and the noun language are superfluous, hence should be omitted. A facility of English is the ease with which nouns convert into ad jectives and verbs, adjectives into nouns, etc., and this exemplifies it. The genius of English is elusive. Native born. If used at all, this expression requires the definite article the preceding it. But some such expression as those to whom it is a mother tongue is preferable. Or those. The correct conjunction is and; and, better than those, others. And who. The best usage avoids and who, and which, and analogous expressions, which usually may be done by omitting the conjunction. Persuasive and compelling. As an expression apposite to the word intelligible as used in the context, this expression falls short; and as in telligible serves the full purpose of the author, it is only weakened in purport by adding any thing to it. Nothing should therefore be added. Or economic fallacy. The vagueness of this term rules it out. It is also repetitious, since the mistaken zeal alluded to is one of economizing expense: the author does not question the zeal of the government otherwise, and of course not the filipinization policy. A poor material. The article should be omitted. The same applies later in the same sentence to the expression a good one, of which only the word good should be retained. Purged in part of fault, the piece is, in the .opinion of the commentator, one of the most common sense statements he has read anywhere on the question of providing our higher schools with competent teachers of English. It now reads: “Creation of a board of examiners to test in English all university and college graduates in the Philippines who wish to continue their studies in the United States is a novelty. It is a tacit admission made the more patent by the com plaint of the Registrars’ Association of the United States that the teaching of English in our higher institutions of learning in accordance with the filipinization policy of the government has not been entirely a success. 4 “Whatever economic advantages the socalled filipinization in our public schools may have had, it has one serious drawback, and that is, the teaching of English by those who have no thorough knowledge of it. We hold no brief against native teachers. Some of them are exceptionally bright and as a capable as their Something About The Asuang Frank Lewis Minton The writer accepts no responsibility for the authenticity of this article, as it is compiled from a number of more or less garbled accounts of the Bisayan storytellers.—M. and priests. This is a widespread primitive; it was not limited to the Philippines. Noting the relish with which the heads of church and state devoured these human giblits, the people became envious and demanded that they, too, be allowed to share in the sacrificial feasts. Their demands were promptly and emphatically denied on the ground that only semideities and those endowed by the sun god with superhuman powers could be allowed to eat sacrqd foods. The leaders of the malcontents were suitably punished, and the incident was considered closed. But the curiosity of the people had been aroused, and they soon began killing children and practicing the cannibalistic religious rites secretly. Finding the flavor of human flesh much to their liking, they revolted and began destroying their offspring openly, in defiance of priest and chieftain. Later, deciding that it was wasteful to burn the sacrificial victims, they began the practice of eating the bodies entire. That famine had more to do with the in stitution of cannibalism than these folk tales indicate, is extremely probable. The fact that protracted periods of extreme hunger will cause cannibalism and mob insanity has been demon strated too often to admit of dispute, notably during the past year in China. And that these early settlers, impoverished, improvident and restless, with very limited knowledge of agri culture, suffered severe food shortages, is prac tically certain. To the ignorant sun worshippers it seemed that they had discovered a novel method of replen ishing their larders. Children and youths were plentiful. The body of an adult, or a slain enemy occasionally augmented the meat supply. But as the generation grew older the number of children decreased rapidly, and there were no more young men and maidens suitable for the sacrifice; so they began harrassing neighboring tribes in search of the gruesome game which their perverted appetites, by that time, de manded. The raids on the nearby settlements were conducted with great stealth, and at first the unsuspecting good people believed that the youths and children who so frequently disap peared, never to return, were victims of croco diles; but eventuallv the atrocities of the sun origin of the asuang, by The evolution of the asuang apparently began among the sun worshippers who settled long ago on Panay and other southern islands, among whom the custom of human sacrifice was com mon. These are frequently mentioned among Bisayan raconteurs as the bad people, to distin guish them from the good people, who worship ped Bathala, the god of goodness. When the sun was angry, that is, when severe storms buf fered the country, or when epidemics scourged the settlements, priest and chieftain would select a young man and maiden, or young chil dren to be sacrificed on the altar of their god; but first the livers and hearts of the victims were removed, roasted and eaten by chieftains colleagues from abroad. But, without wishing to appear unpatriotic—the writer is a Filipino—• it seejp# to us that the teaching of English in our higher schools should be confided to Amer ican and English teachers alone. As with most languages, the genius of English is elusive. It can be caught and mastered only by those to whom it is a mother tongue, and others who have had opportunities of learning it at its source from early childhood. “Whether we like it or not, the Philippines is bound to adopt the English language. Would it not be the better part of wisdom, therefore, to learn it from those alone who are competent to teach it, who know it, as it were, by instinct? Only thus can we expect to make our speech intelligible. Only thus can it represent “the golden harvest that followeth the flowering of thought.” To encourage the use of what is commonly known as bamboo English, because the goverment, through mistaken zeal in econo mizing expense, refuses to hire real masters of English, is deliberately to choose poor material when, at a little difference in cost, good could be had with far better results.” Brilliantshine Metal Polish For cleaning and polishing brass, nickel, aluminum, and other metals, fixtures, chandeliers, bath trimmings, musical instruments, auto mobiles, etc. Used extensively not only in homes and factories, but in large quantities by steamship and railroad companies. Brilliantshine acts instantly when merely rubbed with a dry cloth, and leaves a luster that is silver-bright and lasting. Exclusive A¿ents WHOLESALE DEPARTMENT Philippine Education Company, Inc. 101-103 Escolta Second Floor Manila, P. I. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL luac, worshippers were discovered, and aT the fol lowers of Bathala made common caus^ against them. They were utterly ostracized, pariahs of society to be killed without trial or nvrcy, wherever and whenever encountered. Their numbers greatly diminished by the avenging raids of their furious neighbors, the sun worshippers of Panay fled to a secluded little valley in the foothills, in which now stands the old town of Dueñas, still believed by many to be the birthplace of the asuang. They were led by their deposed chieftains and priests, to whom they had turned for aid and advice in their extremity, like unruly children seeking the protection of parents when in trouble. To save their people from the wrath of the followers of Bathala, the leaders of the sun worshippers now publicly tabooed human sacrifices, and modified their religious rites considerably, sub stituting animals. and fowls for youths and children; but tales of cannibalistic orgies in the hills back of the tiny settlement, probably much exaggerated, were still bruited about among the good people, and the ostracized tribe remained practically social outcasts for centuries. The Spanish priests induced the tribe to accept, nominally at least, the Catholic faith, and baptisms were frequent; but some, notably older folk, continued to practice strange rites in secret, and were branded as witches. Fear of their suspicious neighbors made those accused of witchcraft and cannibalism ever more se cretive in their habits of life, avoiding social intercourse, confining themselves to their huts by day, ant'd only venturing forth at night, on furtive excursions in search of food. This very secretiveness increased the suspicion of the community and fanned the fires of hatred. They were credited with supernatural powers and termed asuangs', persons possessed of devils and given superhuman power to harm normal beings, and to transform themselves at will into birds, animals, or reptiles, with the exception of the sheep and the pigeon. The asuang, according to lingering supersti tions, is a human being, not actually a spectre, Changing American Policy in the Orient— Its Manifestations in the Philippines (Concluded from page 18) Periodically, at times when farm products are depressed in America, henceforth these islands will face the danger of forfeiture of free trade with the mother country. Their protests will avail them little, but an investment of a billion dollars of American money in their plantations might always be a preponderant influence; at least it would always be on their side, even though it were concerned with rubber and the threat was immediately against sugar; for it would sense the danger in such precedents. It is American investments in Cuba which Arts obtained for her, and now secure to her, a tariff differential, or drawback. This money is inim ical to Philippine interests, but a billion put into these islands would offset it and probably always checkmate it. The islands will be pretty safe in the free trade controversy so long as the industrial element in America is not pitted against them and the farmers have to contend alone; for prices will never remain depressed, perhaps, long enough to gain the farmers their point, and as soon as prices rise the gorge of the farmers against tropical competition will subside. The major benefit of all, to be derived from concessionist interests in the Philippines on a large scale—such as the changing American policy toward the islands contemplates—-is the neutralizing influence it would have upon industrial agitation against Filipino migration to the mother country. Back of this movement is an urbanite, no farmer—a man organized with but one who is possessed; who has been given supernatural power to harm other human beings, by the evil one; a monomaniac whose obsession is an abnormal appetite. The asuang is said to devour young children and even adults. It steals the dead, putting in their places banana stalks transformed into exact, life-size replicas. There are two varieties: the prowling asuang, who hunts on the ground, and the flying asuang, or mananangal, which severs its body in the his fellow men, easily brought into meetings for the expression and reiteration of opinion. When such men mean business, they are a force to reckon with. When, however, they should cry the alarm of cheap labor, if great American plan tation and industrial interests existed here, employing Filipinos in the production of products selling wholly or mainly in the United States, these interests would exert their influence against the propaganda and might be the deciding factor: certainly alone Filipinos could do nothing. On such occasions, too, American capital in Cuba and that in the Philippines would not be natural enemies, but natural friends. So there is something decidedly to say for the concessionists. Only, these are the questions they care about—tariffs and trade, egress to market—-not questions of local government, be it good, bad or merely indifferent. For it does not much concern them. And since they and their welfare qualify materially the present American policy toward the Philippines, jt is easy to see why the primary objective of govern ment, the administration of wholesome laws applicable to all alike, is neglected. Better ments now can’t be expected. Concessionists are often victimized, sometimes by their own anticipations—too grandiose. They are wary, it is really a game to land them. It is reminiscent of someone’s recipe for dealing with fleas, beginning—first catch your flea! That’s what the government is doing now. ________________ —W. R. middle, hiding the lower half, while the upper portion flies about in search of food, like some great night bird. The asuang is believed to transform itself into bird, animal, or reptile, instantaneously, at will. A gentle young woman named Hyde Ate too many apples and died— The apples fermented Inside the lamented And made cider inside her inside! THE WHITE EMPRESS OF THE PACIFIC EMPRESS OF ASIA EMPRESS OF FRANCE EMPRESS OF RUSSIA 16900 tons 18400 tons 16800 tons To CANADA, UNITED STATES and EUROPE QUICKEST TIME ACROSS THE PACIFIC CANADIAN PACIFIC STEAMSHIPS 14-16 CALLE DAVID MANILA, P. I. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 24 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL , JU11C, SHIPPING REVIEW By H. M. CAVENDER General Agent, Dollar Steamship Line Co. Since our last report, the cargo situation from the Philippines to Med iterranean. U. K. and Continent has continued steady. It seems owners are having little, if any, difficulty obtaining fill ings, even where full car goes are required from the Philippines. The coming 30 days hold out the hopes of owners, many fixtures for full or part cargoes having already been closed. A similar situation exists on the Atlantic and Gulf berth where several char ters have been loading full cargoes of sugar the past four months to relieve the regular lines from a surplus they cannot handle. It is not antici pated that regular lines will find a surplus dur ing the next 30 days, as the peak of the sugar export season has already passed and in fact some of the millers have already completed their shipping, while others are cleaning up. There has been, however, a rather unusual amount of sugar held back this year owing to the very low prices existing. It is believed that when the off season is reached prices will take a firmer posi tion in the stock market and those millers hold ing back will benefit. The movement transpacific to U. S. and Cana dian ports has held up fairly well, although there has existed right along during the period under review ample tonnage to relieve all offerings. The same condition has existed with exports to nearby countries, such as China and Japan. There appears to have been a slight increase Manila to New York via Suez and Europe See the Old World on your trip home. Stops of several days in many ports. You can travel through Europe and catch our boat for New York via Southampton, England, at Bremen. “The Most Interesting Trip In The World.” NORDDEUTSCHER LLOYD Zuellig & von Knobelsdorff Agenta 90 Rosario, Manila Phone 22324 during the past few weeks in the tonnage im ported into the Islands. This increase is partic ularly noticed in the imports from Europe. Owners regularly serving the Philippines and the Far East continue to improve their services by more frequent sailings and newer and faster liners. The N Y K recently announced that they will place, early next year, three new motor ships on the Seattle-Orient service named the Hikawo Maru, Hiye Maru and the Heian Maru—vessels of 11,700 tons gross, 10,000 tons dead weight cargo capacity, including 250 tons refrigerator space. These vessels will have accom modations for 86 first class, 70 tourist and 140 third class each. Their length is 535 feet and maintain a cruising speed of 16 knots with a reserve of 2 additional knots. The Dollar Steamship Line likewise recently announced a building program of six new liners costing approximately seven million gold dollars each. These liners are reported to excel any thing today in the Pacific in every respect. Details as to their capacity, length, etc., were not published with the announcement. A short time back Matson Navigation ann ounced a Pacific excursion tour, employing their flag ship Malolo for the purpose. This vessel has been plying between San Francisco and Honolulu and is one of the finest and largest ships on the Pacific. She is ex pected at Manila with 350 passengers October 28 and 29. The tour is arranged by the Matson people in cooperation with the San Francisco Chamber of Commerce and the American Ex press. It is the first tour ever attempted on purely the Pacific and is expected Yo be a fore runner of many following similar excursions. While the S. S. Malolo is in Manila the Colum bia Pacific Shipping Co. will act as agents of the vessel and the passengers will be looked after by the travel department of the American Ex press, Manila branch. The vessel cost more than $7,000,000; she has a speed of 22 knots and is especially designed for comfort in semitropical waters. She is a steel, twin screw steam er, 17,232 tons gross and 8,305 tons net. The Barber Wilhelmsen Line announced a monthly sailing from Philippine ports to New York, via Hongkong, Shanghai, Kobe, Yokkaisha, Yokohama, San Francisco and Los An geles. The service will commence with the sailing of the S. S. Tai Yin next September, and will be followed monthly with similar motor ships. Five motor ships in all make up the service, each with a sea speed of from 14 to 15 knots, making the voyage Manila to New York in around 45 days. Macondray & Co. are the Manila agents. Since certificates of public convenience were discarded through legislation almost two years ago, there is seen a decided improvement in interisland shipping conditions. Several new ships have been built for the more popular routes and no less than half a dozen second hand ships have been brought to the islands for interisland service. These second hand ships are not what one would call the most modern but they are a decided improvement over most of the much older ships that occupied a monopoly of the trades. It is generally understood that at least two responsible owners contemplate building newr ships for the interisland service, such ships according to announcement to be the very latest. The improvement, already noticeable, with a program of this kind being realized in the near future, general conditions in the islands must see a great improvement. There will likewise be an attraction to the tourist, who seldom reaches points other than Manila and occasionally Zam boanga, when one of the larger tourist ships calls at that port. Passenger traffic continued heavy during the month of May, there being an excess of both first class and third class over space available. First figure represents first class, second figure steerage: To China and Japan 256-466; to Honolulu 2-616; to Pacific coast 145-1347; to Singapore and Straits Settlements 20-11; to Mediterranean Ports 41-5. The month of June will find Filipino passenger traffic on the decline, while homeward traffic from China and Japan ports will be on the in crease. This is due to vacationists endeavoring to get away from the warm summer season. Steerage traffic especially will be on the decline due to heavy rains, making it possible for the farmers to begin work on the coming rice crop. This traffic will not be exceptionally heavy again until after this season is over. J. Harold Dollar, Vice-President of the Dollar Steamship Line and Vice-President of the Amer ican Mail Line, arrived in Manila May 9 aboard the S. S. President Taft and sailed by the same liner en route to San Francisco May 11. Mr. Dollar, accompanied by Mrs. Dollar and their four children, has been on a three months’ in spection trip of Oriental branches. W. S. Jones, Claim Agent, The Robert Dollar Co., Manila, announced the arrival of an 8-1/2 pound boy at his home on May 28. Mr. Jones celebrated the occasion with a bountiful supply of smokes. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL ju.ic, THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 25 REVIEW OF THE HEMP MARKET By L. L. Spellman Macleod and Company This report covers the Manila hemp mar ket for the month of May with statistics up to and including June 3rd, 1929. U. S. Grades:—The New York market at the beginning of the month was weak with importers asking: D, 14-3/4 cents; E, 14 cents; F, 12-1/8 cents; G, 8 cents; I, 11 cents; Jl, 9-1/8 cents; SI, 11-5/8 cents; S2, 10-3/8 cents; S3, 9 cents. The first half of the month very» little business was transacted and importers were extremely anxious to do business. Buyers, however, con tinued to hold off expecting lower prices and quotations dropped to: D, 13 cents; E, 12-3/4 cents; F, 11-3/4 cents; G, 7-7/8 cents; I, 107/8 cents; Jl, 9-1/4 cents; SI, 11—5/8 cents; S2, 10-3/8 cents; S3, 9 cents. Toward the end of the month manufacturers purchase a fair amount of hemp but confined their buying al most entirely to the medium and lower grades. As a result, the market closed with the tone steady to firm with importers quoting: D, 14-1/2 cents; E, 13 cents; F, 12 cents; G, 8-1/2 cents; I, 11-3/4 cents; Jl, 10 cents; SI', 11-5/8 cents; S2, 10-1/2 cents; S3, 8-5/8 cents. In Manila the market for the better grades w’as very dull at the beginning of the month -with shippers not at all anxious to buy. Dealers were storing what hemp they could hold and the nominal market was: D, P34; E, P30.50; F, P26.50; G, P16.50; I, P24; Jl, P19.50; SI, P25.50; S2, P23; S3, P18. There was very little change by the middle of the month. High grades had declined while one or two of the lower grades had advanced slightly. Shippers were buying at: D, P32; E, P30; F, P26.50; G, F16.75; I, F24; Jl, PT9.75; SI, P25.50; S2, P23; S3, F18. Bv the end of the month the market was fairly firm and the lower grades had advanced considerably. The high grades, however, continued to decline. Practically all shippers were buvers at: D, P30.50; E, P29; F, P27; G, PT7.75; I, F25; Jl, P21; SI, P26; S2, P24; S3, P18.50. U. K. Grades:—London dealers were out of the market the first of the month but importers were not pressing sales. The market was fairly steadv with importers offering at: J2, £36.10; K, £31.5; LI, £31.10; L2, £29; Ml, £29; M2, £25; DL, £26; DM, £23. During the first week of the month there was a fair amount of business and prices advanced but toward the middle of the month the market quieted down and shippers’ asking prices were: J2, £37; K, £32.10, LI, £32.10; L2, £30.10; Ml, £30.10; M2, £25.10, DL, £26.5; DM, £23. During the last half of the month business \tas irregular but shippers continued firm in their ideas and at the close prices were: J2, £38.10; K, £34; LI, £34; L2, £32; Ml, £32; M2, £27; DL, £26.15; DM, £23.10; with a fair amount of business being done. On the first of the month the market in Ma nila for U. K. grades was quiet with neither buyers nor sellers showing any interest. No minal quotations were: J2, P16.25; K, P14; LI, P14; L2, PT2.25; Ml, PT2.25; M2, PT0.75, DL, Pll, DM, F9.50; By the middle of the month there was a better undertone and export ers were buying at: J2, P17; K, P14.50; LI, P14.75; L2, PT2.75; Ml, PT3; M2, Pll; DL, Pll; DM, P9.50. The market continued steady throughout the last half of the month and closed with buyers paying: J2, P17.75; K, P15; LI, P15; L2, P13.25; Ml, P13.50; M2, P11.25; DL, P11.25; DM, P10. Japan:—This market took a fair amount of hemp during May and was interested in the better U. K. qualities. They also showed some interest in Y3. They are still carrying a surplus stock so we will hardly see an active market for a month or two at least. The last typhoon in Leyte will undoubtedly keep up the production of damaged hemp which will prevent Y3 from making any material gain. Maguey:—Cebu Maguey continues in full production. The market was extremely quiet during the first half of the month but toward the end prices advanced about Pl a picul on the average. The Manila Maguey season is about over. The heavy buying by local manufac turers ran the price beyond the value of Cebu Maguey and consequently shippers were unable to market their purchases so buying was more or less restricted. Local speculators in llocos Norte and llocos Sur have been more active than usual this season and it is estimated not less than 25,000 piculs will remain in store during the rainy season. It is understood the local mills have purchased sufficient stocks to carry them over until December when shipping again opens. Production:—Receipts continue heavy and the estimate for the first half of June is 56,000 bales. We continue to get reports from the provinces that production is falling off and very little hemp is being offered for sale but not withstanding this, the hemp keeps right on arriving at market. The total for the five months is 150,000 Bales ahead of last year. Stocks, however, show an increase of only 57,000 Bs. which is not overly heavy. Freight Rates:—There is no change in the Ocean rates on hemp. Effective June 15th, 1929, the inland rail rates from Pacific Coast Ports to Mississippi Valley points was reduced from $0.85 Gold per 100 lbs. to $0.75 Gold per 100 lbs. The trans-Continental rate from Pacific remains unlbs. The trans-Continental rate Coast Ports to Eastern territory changed Statistics:—The figures below are for the period ending June 3rd, 1929: 1929 1928 Manila Hemp Bales Bales On hand January 1st... . 158,452 139,632 Receipts to date............. 750,811 596,620 909,263 736,252 AMERIC AN MAIL LINE DOLLAR STEAMSHIP LINE COMBINED TRANSPACIFIC SERVICE SAILING ONCE A WEEK Excellent American The “President” Liners Offer Speed—Service—Courtesy—Comfort Food, Comfortable Cabins, Broad Decks, Orchestra, Dancing, Swimming Pool, Sports SAILING ONCE A WEEK TO SAN FRANCISCO AND LOS ANGELES via Hongkong, Shanghai, Kobe, Yokohama, and Honolulu ROUND THE WORLD SAILINGS ON ALTERNATE FRIDAYS President President President President President President Adams - - June 19 Harrison - - - July 3 Johnson - - - July 17 Monroe - - - July 31 Wilson - - - Aug. 14 Van Buren Aug. 28 VICTORIA AND SEATTLE via Hongkong, Shanghai, Kobe, and Yokohama Sailings every fortnight SAILINGS ON ALTERNATE SATURDAYS 24 Calle David MANILA Telephone No. 2-24-41 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 26 THE AMERICAN CHAlVLtSihK ur J VIAAW, REVIEW OF THE EXCHANGE MARKET By Richard E. Shaw Manager, International Banking Corporation at 1-1/8% premium. At the close settlements were being made on the basis of 1 /'4% premium for on demand credit bills and 7/8% discount for 60 d/s DP bills. The following purchases of telegraphic trans fers have been made from the Insular Treasurer The less May market opened with buyers W ÜS$ TT at 3/8% pre mium but as the Banks cash positions improved rates gradually strength ened until by the mid dle of the month there were buyers at 5/8% premium and sellers at 7/8% premium. The firmness became more pronounced and at the month end Banks were purchasers of US$ TT. ready and forward at 3/4% premium and sellers since last report: W eek ending April 20th......... $25,000 Period from April 20 to May 18th..................................... Nil The Sterling market opened with buyers of TT at 2/-5/8 and sellers at 2 -12 and closed with Banks offering to buy at 2/-9/16 and to sell at 2 -7/16. The New York-London cross-rate closed on April 30th at 485 5/16, was high for May on the first of the month at 485 11 32, receded to a low of 484 7 8 on. May 23rd and closed at the month end at 485. Sterling has not shown the usual upward seasonal trend, owing to the heavy remittances of Sterling funds to New York where advantage can be taken of the high interest rates prevailing. < London Bar Silver was quoted at 25-3/16 ready and forward on April 30th, touched a high of 25-1/2 ready and 25-9 16 forward on May 7th and reached a low of 24-5 8 ready and 24-11/16 forward on the last three days of the month. The closing quotation for New York Bar Silver on April 30th was 54-3/4. The rate reached its peak for May at 55 on the 7th of the month, receded to a low of 53-1/8 on May 28th and closed at 53-1/4. Telegraphic transfers on other points were quoted as follows on May 31st: Paris, 12.45; Madrid, 144 3/4; Singapore, 1141/2; Japan, 90 3/8; Shanghai, 83 1/4; Hong kong, 98 1/8; India, 135 3 4; Java, 123. REAL ESTATE By P. D. Carman San Juan Heights Eddition When Telegraphing Use The Radiogram Route «• Many totals are the largest for that month since 1918 with the one exception of 1923 when May sales exceeded this month’s total by only P239. The total for 1919 (the best year of which we have rec ord January to May inclu sive was P8,534,097. The total for the same month this year is P9,857,458 which beats the record by P323,361. Sales City of Manila April, 1929 May, 1929 Sta. Cruz................. P 849,388 P 117,387 Binomio..........<........ 907,117 341,500 San Nicolas............. 128,500 47,078 Tondo...................... 203,002 36,133 Sampaloc................. 120,242 450,029 San Miguel............. 45,100 Quiapo...................... 20,367 13,251 Intramuros............... 40 40,500 Ermita...................... 22,926 70,000 Malate...................... 278,040 65,648 Paco......................... 145,334 113.509 Sta. Ana.................. 20,441 16,301 Pandacan................. 2,550 2,870 Sta. Mesa................ 21,823 P2,697,947 Pl,381,126 THE RICE INDUSTRY By Percy A. Hill í'/ Muñoz Xucea Ec>ja, Director, Hice Pro'lwerx' Association WORLD IDE IRELESS RADIO CORPORATION OF THE PHILIPPINES 9 PLAZA MORAGA I 2-26-01 Phones: 2-26-02 Always Open 2-26-03 Prices since the last report have stiffened for both palay and rice, the former now bring ing from P3.70 to P4.20 according to class and the latter from P8.30 to P9.30 according to grade-at buying points. There was a reduced volume of palay moved to market over the rail road during the month but this was due in part, to lack of imme diate demand, which came of the slow movement of export crops. We can confidently expect the latter movement to accelerate as prices seem to remain about the same with little chance of upward trends. In this connection we see that purchasing power has something to do with the price of rice; however, as pointed out, this will be remedied shortly, as consuming stocks are low at centers devoted to export crops whose credit has been stretched. A small market flurry occurred this month by the throwing on the market of some 9,000 sacks of rice known as the Aparri brand from coarse Ilocano palay. This was sold at. P7.80 Manila as against its equivalent, No. 3 at P8.20. It did not affect the general market at all. Preparations are under way for the new crop. Climatic conditions to the present are favorable. Invisible stocks are reported to be less than IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL JU11C, itltL AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 27 normal, which is always the case when prices are favorable. There has been some more talk about estab lishing rice centrals and cooperative marketing associations, but the small spread between palay and rice (the producers’ and consumers’ problem) is so small that it would appear that any move to improve such a state of affairs—in favor of the producer—is doomed to failure from the start. When spreads are abnormal between the raw and manufactured product, there is reason for cooperation, and on this count only. There is no golden age for producers of such a vital commodity. Their problem is to concentrate on better yields and not to enter a cheap, effi cient marketing business. As a matter of fact, optimism, to exist, must have some sort of an optimum to go by. Cooperation, like the words crisis and diversification can be parsed from many angles. incorporation of the first sugar central in Caga yan will probably curtail future tobacco planting in a region which up to now has been almost ex clusively devoted to tobacco. Shipments abroad during May wefre as follows: Itaw leaf, stripped tobacco and scraps K ilos Australia......................................... 192 China.............................................. 1,509 Gibraltar........................................ 27,098 Hongkong....................................... 52,594 Japan.............................................. 11,815 North Atlantic (Europe)............... 125,958 Straits Settlements........................ 3,469 Tonkin............................................ 84 United States................................ 111,375 Total....................................... May 1928....................................... 334,094 2,079,184 RAIL COMMODITY MOVEMENTS By L. ARCADIO Acting Traffic Manager, Manila Railroad Company. I he following commodities were received in Manila April 26, 1929 to May 25, 1929, both inclusive, via Manila Railroad: Rice, cavans _ .............. Sugar, piculs............... Tobacco, bales............ Copra, piculs ............... Coconuts...................... Lumber, B. F. ........... Desiccated coconuts, cases _ ....................... April May 234,250 136,687 315,784 139,328 4,560 13,140 115,550 130,800 2,421,650 2,533,300 357,750 453,600 15,170 14,432 COPRA AND ITS PRODUCTS By E. A. SEIDENSPINNER Vice-President and Manager, Copra Milling Corporation Cigars:—The unsatisfactory condition of the United States market for Philippine cigars remains unchanged, with no improvement in sight. Comparative figures for shipments to the United States are as follows: Then there’s the Scotch couple who, expect ing the stock, moved into the coun ry, where there is R. F. D. Mav 1929....... about.................. April 1929.................................... May 1928.................................... 11,700,000 9,738,331 12,012,290 Hark to Mary anna Jones, Her life was full of terrors, An old maid born, an old maid died — No hits, no runs, no errors. —Life. “North Copra.—The decline in all markets for copra still continues with no improvement insight. Local prices have been cut approximately Fl. 00 per picul during May, and while producers are complaining that the manufacture of copra at present prices is not profitable, it will cer tainly be necessary for them to trade at even lower prices before the end of the present year or permit their coconuts to rot. Copra arrivals at Manila during the month of May were ap proximately 295,942 bags. We quote from latest cables: Manila, buen corriente F8.50; arrival resecada F9.50 to F9.75; San Francisco, $.03-7/8; Lon don, F. M. M., in bags, £19/15/0. Coconut Oil.—The U. S. market for this item during May was wholly a buyer’s market and notwithstanding the lack of heavy selling pres sure prices dropped an additional 1/2 to 5 8 cents per pound. As a result of heavy supplies of coconut oil as well as competing fats and oils, we hold very little hope for any material im provement in the coconut oil market for the balance of the year. Latest cables follow: San Francisco, $.06 3/8 to $.06-1/2 f. o. btank cars; New York, $.06-3/4 c. i. f.; London, no quotations. Copra Cake.—As a result of general market weakness in grains and other feeding stuffs, the continental copra cake market for the month of May has been extremely dull with a further re duction in prices. At this writing there is prac tically no demand from Hamburg and only small inquiry from Scandinavian ports at £7/5/0 to £7/10/0, dependent upon freight.. Latest quo tations follow: Hamburg, dull, £7/0/0 nominal; Scandina vian ports, £7/5/0 to £7/10/0; San Francisco, Meal, $32.50 per ton of 2000 lbs. nominal. June 4, 1929. Coast V Limited” W VI V “Finest”— “the finest train in the world and I have traveled on all that are worth talking about”—Samuel Hopkins Adams, Auburn, N. Y» “Best”— “equipment the very best, service splen did—a wonderful train”—N. A. Peter son, San Francisco. ______ TOBACCO REVIEW Alhambra Cigar and Cigarette Manufacturing Co. Raw leaf:—The market in tobacco for local consumption continues quiet. Consignments abroad during May registered a considerable slump due to the fact that nothing was shipped to European regies. Present estimates of the 1929 crop in Cagayan and Isabela anticipate a smaller quantity than last year. The recent ‘So X AJOW on a new, fast schedule—68 hours between the North Pacific Coast and Chicago! Leaves Seattle at 11:00 A. M. for all the principal cities of the United States» Two days of sightseeing through America’s greatest mountains. BL\\ A particularly satisfying feature of Northern Pacific travel Is its diner service. New-style Observation-Club car with deep, restful lounge—cushioned chairs—library—writing comer—club rooms— showers—and maid and valet service. The Japan Tourist Bureau, American Express Company, Thos» Cook &. Son, Shanghai Commercial & Savings Bank, or any trans Pacific steamship company will gladly furnish additional information» Oswald Crawford, G. A. 501 Granville Street Vancouver, B. C. R. J. Toser, A. G. P. A 200 U C. Smith Bldg. Seattle, Wash., U. S. A. B. B. Blackwood, G. A. *12 Government Street Victoria, B. Q Northern Pacific Railway (352) “First of the "Northern Transcontinental*** IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 28 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMJVLFKOn, juuklnau J MAY SUGAR REVIEW By George H. Fairchild New York Market:— The improvement in the American sugar mar ket in the latter part of April was not long maintained, since on the first day of May an abrupt fall in prices was recorded from 1-15/16 cents c. and f. for Cu bas, equivalent to 3.71 cents 1. t. for P. I. cen trifugals in the fourth week of the preceding month to 1-27/32 cents c. and f. (3.61 cents 1.1.) on May 1st when 2,000 tons of Philippine centrifugals were sold and re sold by the buyers at the same price the follow’ing day. The first week of the month under review was characterized by depression and anxiety to sell, in consequence of which prices sagged and the quotation for the second week was 1-13/16 cents c. and f. (3.58 cents 1.1.), at which price there were sellers but no buyers for Phil ippine centrifugals. On the 9th however, sales of 10,000 tons of P. I. centrifugals were effected at 3.58 cents 1. t., but were resold by the buyers at the same price within the same week. The weakness of the market was ascribed to the European bears forcing sales, and the tired bulls disappointed with the delay in the deliberations over the tariff legislation in the U. S. Congress. An improvement became evident in the third week when small sales of Cubas were made to refiners at 1-27/32 cents c. and f. (3.61 cents 1. t.), and 2,000 tons of P. I. sugar for June-July shipment at 3.72 cents 1. t. It was noted that speculators showed more disposition to buy P. I. sugar regardless of the Sugar Exchange. It was stated that the only hope for an improve ment was in a rally in sympathy with tariff legis lation; otherwise, the sugar market wras very much influenced by large visible supplies. Most of the available warehouse space in Eastern ports were filled with sugar bought by specu lators. Prices were fluctuating in the latter part of the third week, ranging from 1-13/16 cents c. and f. (3.58 cents 1. t.) to 3.68 cents 1. t., at which price 2,000 tons May-June ship ment of P. I. sugar were effected at 1-25/32 cents c. and f. (3.55 cents 1. t.), although P. I. sugar was available at 3.52 cents 1. t. There were sellers but no buyers for Cubas at 1-25/32 cents c. and f. (3.55 cents 1. t.), which situation was produced not by price consideration but by the slack demand by refiners who had large supplies on hand. On the 24th however, there were large transactions at 1-13/16 cents c. and f. (3.58 cents 1. t.) owing to the rumor that the sliding scale was killed by the House of Repre sentatives. In the latter part of the month, there were no new developments. Willett & Gray expressed the opinion that no alteration was likely in import duty on sugar for the cur rent year. The month under review closed dull, and Czarnikow resold 10,000 tons at 3.52 cents 1.1. One important factor influencing the market was the extent of available stocks in Cuba and the United States estimated at 3,870,000 tons. The visible stocks in the U. K., U. S., Cuba and European statistical countries at the end of May were 6,062,000 tons as compared with 5,385,000 tons last year and 5,135,000 tons in 1927. Futures:—Quotations on the New York Ex change during May fluctuated as follows: 1929 High Low Latest May------------ ___ 1.90 1.67 1.67 Julv _ __ ___ 1.96 1.71 1.71 September__ ____ 1.98 1.80 1.80 December _ _ ___ 2.04 18.7 1.87 1930 January,. _ __ ___ 2.06 1.88 1.88 March _ ____ ___ 2.11 1.94 1.94 May------------ ____ 2.06 2.01 2.01 Philippine Sales:—During the month under review, sales of Philippine centrifugals in the Atlantic Coast—afloats, near arrivals, and for future deliveries—amounted to 30,400 tons at prices ranging from 3.52 cents to 3.72 cents 1. t. as compared with sales amounting to 40,000 tons during the same period last year at prices ranging from 4.30 cents to 4.60 cents landed terms. Europe:—The first estimates issued by the two leading statisticians of Europe place the beet sowings in Europe including Russia for 1929-30 at from 2,610,000 to 2,637,000 hectares, as compared with the beet area of 2,618,955 for 1928-29 (F. O. Licht’s). It is noteworthy that the area estimated for 1929-30 is less than the sowings last year. It is stated moreover that in consequence of the delay in the beet sowings in most of the countries in Europe, the estimates of this year’s European acreage are subject to alterations which may bring down the figures materially. At the meeting of the Economic Committee of the League of Nations held in Geneva between April 4th and 6th, it was resolved by the Com mittee to undertake the following: 1. To undertake a thorough study ef all fac tors and measures influencing the produc tion and consumption of sugar; 2. To prepare a report to the Council, in order that the latter may be able to judge whether concerted international action could further the solution of the problems under conside ration. The two principal measures which appeared to enlist the attention of the majority of the sugar experts who attended the meeting were as follows: a. The stabilization of production during a period of three or four years; b. The making of efforts to increase the con sumption of sugar. Local Market:—In sympathy with the Amer ican sugar market, the local centrifugal market was weak, with quotations at the beginning of the month at from P8.75 to P9.00 per picul down to P8.00 per picul at the close of the month. The muscovado market was likewise weak with quotations ranging from P4.75 to F6.00 per picul for No. 3. Manilas were quoted at P5.25 and Iloilos at P6.00 for No. 3. Crop Prospects:—Due to the unusually favor able weather conditions, coupled with the con version of muscovado sugar into centrifugals in districts where muscovado mills have been OXYGEN Compressed Oxygen 99.5% pure HYDROGEN Compressed Hydrogen 99.8% pure ACETYLENE i i / Dissolved Acetylene for all purposes BATTERIES Prest-O-Lite Í, Electric Stor age Batteries WELDING Fully Equip ped Oxy-Ace tylene Weld ing Shops Philippine Acetylene Co. 281 CALLE CRISTOBAL, PACO MANILA, P. I. replaced by Centrals, the production of Philip pine centrifugal sugar for the 1928-29 crop will be larger than the 1927-28 crop. The majority of the Centrals have already finished milling, and although there are a few large Centrals still grinding, it is not likely that the total production of Philippine centrifugals will exceed 700,000 metric tons. There will be approximately 22,000 tons of muscovado sugar for exportation. The result of the deliberations of the Ways and Means Committee of the House over the U. S. Tariff, increasing the present rate of 2.40 [(Continued on page 30) Here’s how to get Manilas! Genuine Manila Hand Made Long Filler Cigars are obtainable in your city or nearby! List of Distributors furnished upon request to— C. A. BOND Philippine Tobacco Agent: 15 Williams St. New York City or ÍMANILA1 Collector of Internal Revenue Manila, P. I. Manilas will satisfy your taste! IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL june, 1929 iii£. AMEKIOAH'^tlAMbUK Of COMMERCE JOURNAL 29 Franciscans in the Bisayan Islands We have journeyed with the mission-found ing fathers of the Franciscan order throughout Luzon, and now ¿b with them into the Bisayan islands: more lonely isolation, more fortitude, more devotion bent to the raising of substantial temples of worship for the villages converted to Christianity—villages which are soon to become towns, and some of them important ports and capitals of provinces. In the old life, isolation is of primary significance; and all the customs uphold it: they inculcate pride of village, loyalty to villagers and the village chieftain, and encourage mating and marriage within the village for the rearing of warriors in its defense. Polygamy plays its part, and concubinage. Whatever conduces to the strength of the village, is good; and the gods, of course, sanction it. Let us not condemn, rather let us understand: blessed will be that day when every eye reaches the printed page unblinded by any prejudice whatever; yea, and every hand so writes. Truth is, what early tribes did in the Philippines for preservation against nature and other enemies, and what isolated tribes do now to the same end, is of a piece with what tribes did elsewhere and merely repeats a familiar chapter in the story of all mankind. Far from being a source of embarrassment, this should be a source of pride and carefully traced as the more remote ramifications of an heroic heritage. It is remote, and we have wandered in making it cause for comment. Anyway, Christianity was to erect the villages into towns. The new priest had no quarrel with his fellows in neighboring villages, they were all teaching identical forms of worship of the same god. They were equally arrayed against the old gods. Their mystic practices inspired no village hosts to nocturnal vengeance, rather their worldly sense marshalled the vil lagers into companies making common defense with similar forces from neighboring villages against the Mohammedans who refused con version, and the outlaws who departed to strong holds in the hills. Chieftains were restrained from offensive forays and sanguinary reprisals by their awe of the new faith, which taught that such was sin; relinquishing the absolute authority they exercised in their own right over their villages, they were proud to become village mayors, gobernador cilios, under the powerful sovereignty of Spain. They were more com monly brought to this decision by the exhorta tions of the friar, exposed unarmed to their mercy, than by the superior arms of the Spanish soldier. Thus it was that villages could become towns, and towns might to be formed into districts and provinces the governments of which were responsible to Manila. We have here something Christianity did for the Philippines, sometimes by spiritual power alone, sometimes in alliance with the arms of Philip III. Nor is it strange at all that the Philippines cost Spain the least blood of any of her colonies: they are the only one she established in the orient, birthplace of Christianity; this is a mystic religion, and to a people who are mystics, the Filipinos, it was very readily acceptable. They could not pene trate its mysteries. Who can? But they made nothing of believing them so thoroughly as to act on that belief. The friars beheld their labors bearing abundant fruits, so loyally the cross was borne aloft by the converted people. On they went then, re placing thatch chapels with substantial churches, guarding exposed shores with armed Avatchtowers, opening roads to neighboring settlements for easier communication and succor in time of need. No architects, they still built well. Their work still stands; only half in ruins, maybe it will hold together until a revival of faith repairs it. If people are to believe, and few philosophers have argued otherwise, then what a splendor upon the people would come of falling to and saving the religious edifices the friars and their penniless flocks built in centuries past. Perhaps fifty years remain in which to see a change from the present indifference—the walls and foundations of the churches are solid enough to wait. Materials utilized for these churches, a wonder of the modern world, vary with their availability. They are of stone wherever stone was to be found; they are of brick where stone was distant but clay was suitable; and failing both stone and brick, hardwood was made to serve. There is evidence enough that Chinese craftsmen were employed, who taught their trades to native workmen. Chinese ideas of tool-making were also borrowed: the friars introduced the modern crafts into the islands, and commerce came of their indefatigability. In turning from Luzon to the Bisayas, Father Huerta speaks very briefly of Cebu: “The bishopric of Cebu was established in 1595 and includes Cebu island, where is found the city (Cebu) of the holy name of Jesus, the bishop’s residence, and Samar, Leyte, Panay, Negros, Bohol, Paragua (Palawan), Mindanao, Basilan and Jolo, with many others of minor note, and Ori ental NTER America at Seattle via the short Trans-Pacific route— or at San Francisco. Then travel east from Portland or Seattle to Chicago on the Oriental Limited in 68 hours. Enjoy the kind of service you’d expect only of a fine hotel—yet pay no extra fare! En joy 1200 miles of clean, cinderless, scenic travel behind either oil-burn ing or electric locomotives—60 miles of it along Glacier National Park. CLEAN. CINDERLESS, LUXURIOUS, SCENIC ROUTE Apply to Tourist Agencies or Trans-Pacific Steamship Pines or write J. Wesley Young, Gen’l Agent, Pass’r >ept., 1205 4th Ave., Seattle, Wash. A. H. Hebb, Agent, 916 Government St., Victoria, B. G. Edw. A. Dye, Gen’l Agent, 607 Hastings St., Vancouver, B. C. C. A. Gerken, Gen’l Agent, 4009 Hearst Bldg., San Francisco, Cal. M. J. Costello, West. Traf. Mgr., Seattle, Wash. Cable address: Hillrail the Marianas islands. These islands are all south of Luzon and constitute various provinces, of which the Franciscans administer the fol lowing : “Island and Province of Samar.—This province has always had two names, Ibabao for the eastern part and Samar for the western, though in official documents it is known only as Samar. With the islands of Capul, Viri, Lauang, Cata laban, Homonjon, Soloan, Parasan, Buat, Dalupiri, and many others which are uninhabited, it forms a single province ... It is about 35 leagues long and, at its widest part, some 14 or 15 leagues across. The surface is extremely broken but the mountains present no especially elevated peak; only Mount Capotoan stands much above the rest. “There is an abundance of woods of every variety, a diversity of palms, rattans, bamboos, fruits, edible roots, and a tree whose leaves, roots, bark and every part yield the equivalent of garlic, being quite equal to it as a condiment in food. (Happy circumstance for the nostaligic Enroute see the illuminated New Cascade Tunnel, longest tunnel in the Western Hemisphere—8 miles through the Cascade Mountains —shortening the distance across America on the Great Northern Railway. And at Chicago make connections with fast de luxe trains for Detroit, Cleveland, Pittsburgh, Philadelphia, New York, Boston, Washington, D. C., and other American cities. A Dependable Railway IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 30 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL June, 1929 T~V)R office and street wear this A model is a favorite with most men. Roomy, neat, well designed and made of fine materials through out. See them at any HIKE store. Wear a pair for comfort. HIKE SHOE FACTORY STYLE CREATORS 286 SAN MARCELINO MANILA, P I. Commercial Printing is a silent but powerful messenger, and your letter heads, billheads, cards, envelopes, etc., when well printed, all help to build up that feeling of confidence so much desired in this modern business age. Close personal attention to every phase of a printed job is an invariable feature of McCullough Service, and our repu tation for producing good printing merits your patronage. McCullough printing company 101 escolta Phone 21801 manila, p. i. friar!) Coal also abounds, and wild hogs and deer, with a multitude of birds and monkeys of divers varieties. The islands’ valleys, many of them fertilized by powerful rivers, are sus ceptible of producing every variety of crops, although, because the interior is inhabited by infidels, only the lowlands along the shores are cultivated. And these only on a small scale, because the indolence of the inhabitants is more than satisfied with a little rice, coconut oil, camote ( yams ), palauán and abacá, the only products produced on the island to this day (1865), and even this due to the zeal of the religious, especially the abacá (Manila hemp) which within a few years will have made ad mirable progress. “Capes and secure ports plentifully indent the coast, which yields game fish, shells, pearls, amber and a hundred other singular products in abundance. (And no wonder, then, the indolence of the people: remarkable, rather, their energy to cultivate the soil at all). “It is also worthy of note that each year at the change of the monsoon in September or October, remarkably high water is experienced on the eastern and northern shores, the natives calling it dolo. This great tide, or inundation, is often aggravated by strong winds and even baguios (a fact of which Colonel Stimson is also now aware), and at times, though not often, it comes without wind. It does not always come at the same point, but at times encroaches upon Guiguan, at the south, and is dispersed toward Leyte and Cebu; in which case it is less dangerous, because it encounters wide seas. At other times it makes for Lanang and Borongan, or, turning more to the northward, Tubig, Orcs, Baric, Palapat; and sometimes it pours through San Bernardino strait, endangering Catarman, Calbayog, and all the villages on the western coast. So overwhelming is the volume of water it brings that it ordinarily rises 60 to 70 feet above the usual tide; for this reason the inhabitants are compelled to resort to row boats and rafts and retire to the hills. Considerable damage is caused to the fields and towns, and even to people careless enough to be caught in the flood, which, however, lasts but a single tide. “The conversion of Samar is due to the zeal of the Jesuits, who administered it spiritually from 1596, when they first raised the cross there, until 1768; at which time, and by order of the superior government, its administration was A gate in the old walls of M a n i 1 a— the postern gate. In Spanish times this gate was for gov« ernors and archbishops only entrusted to our province of St. George, the Great, possession being taken October 17 of that year, of the pueblos making up the province, which were Catbalogan, Paranas, Umauas, Borongan, Sulat, Tubig, Catubig, Palapat, Catarman, Capul and Banhajon, which with numerous settlements counted only 5,299 tri butos (families paying tribute) and 23,802 inha bitants. But now the same pro vinco comprises the following towns.” Here Father Iluerta proceeds to list the towns of Samar with some details concerning each, his practice throughout his summary of the Franciscan chronicles. Catbalogan—On the west coast; climate is hot but healthful—provincial capital. Coastal com munications only, and mails irregular. Church built by the Jesuits, burned in 1760; repaired by Fr. Felix Carrion in 1814, and further im provements by Fr. Martin de Yepes in 1840. Patron, St. Bartholomew. “In 1769 our religious established an infirmary here, which was orig inally put in the charge of a lay brother, Fr. José de Jesus Maria. It no longer exists, and I am ignorant of what may have occurred to cause the abandonment of such a useful establishment.” May Sugar Review (Concluded from page 28) cents per lb. to 3.00 cents, meaning that Cuba would pay 2.40 cents as duty instead of 1.7648 cents per lb. as at, present, was received by Phil ippine sugar men with equanimity. The tariff bill approved bv the House is not discriminatory against Philippine sugar, as was proposed by Representative Timberlake. It is rumored that the Senate will try to restrict importation of Philippine sugar; if they fail in their efforts, there will be no change in the present tariff. Philippine Exports:—Exports of sugar from the Philippines for the 1928-29 crop from No vember 1, 1928, to May 31, 1929, amounted to 380,182 metric tons, segregated as follows: Metric Tons Centrifugals_____________ 361,462 Muscovados_____________ 12.799 Refined_____________________ 5,921 Total_________________ 380,182 Java Market:—The Java market was dull and although spot quotations had improved slightly, June-July-August delivery ([notations were unchanged. The following are the latest quo1 at ions: Superiors— Spot. __ _ _ Gs. 15-1 8— P8.12 June___ ____ ______ “ 13 — 7.02 Julv-August. _ __. ___ “ 12-3 1 — 6.89 cad Sugar—• Spot___________ _____ “ r> — 6.50 June _ “ 11-3 8 — 6.18 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL june, runAMZKlCAfl CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 31 PRINCIPAL EXPORTS Monthly average for 12 months March, 1929 March, 1928 ending March, 1929 Com modit ies -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Quantity Value % Quantity Value % Quantity Value % Sugar................................................................................................ .................................. 89,929,729 P14,096,359 39.9 79,877,251 P12.736.572 42.6 47,641,204 P 7,870,014 30.0 Hemp................................................................................................. .................................. 19,321,758 6,164,144 17.3 16,346,369 5,272,232 17.7 15,063,987 4,473,343 16.9 Coconut Oil.................................................................................... .................................. 17,184,755 5,613,556 15.7 7,014,937 2,381,870 8.1 13,047,159 4,274,698 16.2 Copra................................................................................................. .................................. 13,614,531 2,532,671 7.0 17,550,737 3,277,043 11.0 20,137,804 4,034,855 15.3 Cigars (Number).......................................................................... .................................. 15,449,286 653,014 1.6 19,094,748 817,134 2.8 18,206,434 774,466 2.7 Embroidery..................................................................................... 958,967 2.5 644,523 2.2 790,390 2.8 Maguey............................................................................................. .................................. 1,492,452 327,660 0.7 1,562,026 312,287 1.1 1,405,060 288,270 0.9 Leaf Tobacco................................................................................. .................................. 1,243,302 450,411 1.1 2,255,010 650,935 2.3 1,685,494 567,142 1.9 Desiccated and Shredded Coconut........................................ .................................. 2,775,864 924,537 2.4 1,326,621 483,006 1.7 1,668,244 619,389 2.1 Hats (Number)............................................................................. .................................. 1126,49 634,301 1.6 110,325 489,408 1.7 136,127 664,201 2.3 Lumber (Cubic Meter)............................................................. .................................. 14,128 443,961 1.0 17,738 576,314 2.1 14,194 498,645 1.7 Copra Meal.................................................................................... .................................. 10,757,647 763,819 0.9 4,258,411 278,570 1.1 7,567,100 553,872 1.9 Cordage............................................................................................ .................................. 765,136 436,454 1.0 667,652 350,779 1.3 339,076 305,802 1.0 Knotted Abaca. ........................................................................... .................................. 65,766 237,173 0.4 11,590 41,458 0.2 38,526 127,097 0.3 Pearl Buttons (Gross)............................................................... .................................. 54,277 49,204 0.1 69,385 62,871 0.3 64,513 67,872 0.2 Canton (low grade cordage fiber).......................................... .................................. 441,869 86.052 0.2 543,961 126,747 0.6 583,271 106,062 0.3 All Other Products....................................................................... 1,305,224 3.5 788,932 2.7 826,272 3.0 Total Domestic Products........................................................... P35.342.378 99.3 P29,253,051 99.5 P26.691.074 99.6 United States Products.............................................................. 265,940 0.5 120,241 0.4 117,142 0.3 Foreign Products...................................... .................................... 69,189 0.2 17,389 0.1 34,674 0.1 Grand Total................................................................. P35.677.307 100.0 P29,390,681 100.0 P26.842.390 100.0 Note:—All quantities are in kilos except where otherwise indicated. PRINCIPAL IMPORTS CARRYING TRADE Monthly average for Articles March, 1929 March, 1928 12 months ending March, 1929. Value % Value % Value % Cotton Cloths..................... P 3,143,149 14.4 P 3,411,185 13.7 P 3,531,579 15.9 Other Cotton Goods........ 935,531 4.5 1,087,915 4.4 1,178,715 5.2 Iron and Steel, Except Machinery....................... 1,750,698 8.0 2,302,892 9.3 1,938,887 8.6 Rice........................................ 772,706 3.6 277,801 1.2 577,701 2.5 Wheat Flour....................... 1,487,000 6.8 1,165,356 4.8 786,417 3.4 Machinery and Parts of.. 613,469 2.9 1,171,980 4.8 1,457,025 6*5 Dairy Products................. 421,889 2.0 984,410 4.0 636,555 2.7 Gasoline................................ 439,970 2.1 541,045 2.3 616,966 2.6 Silk Goods........................... 720,311 3.4 809,763 3.3 686,398 3.0 Automobiles........................ 679,465 2.7 764,800 3.3 Vegetable Fiber Goods... 690,504 3.2 936,056 3.7 445,468 1.8 Meat Products.................. 452,257 2.1 744,400 3.0 516,816 2.2 Illuminating Oil................ 367,980 1.7 292,233 1.2 296,094 1.2 Fish and Fish Products.. 403,564 1.9 285,075 1.1 370,238 1.6 Crude Oil............................. 91,886 0.5 387,843 1.5 197,232 0.8 Coal........................................ 678,217 3.2 730,878 2.9 403,572 1.8 Chemicals, Dyes, Drugs, Etc...................................... 320,099 1.5 434,143 1.7 403,078 1.8 Fertilizers............................. 923,997 4.2 403,971 1.6 302,704 1.3 Vegetable............................. 388,184 1.8 359,848 1.4 373,381 1.7 Paper Goods, Except Books................................ 413,597 1.9 572,071 2.3 424,457 1.9 Tobacco and Manufac tures of............................ 581,696 2.6 523,238 2.1 546,226 2.4 Electrical Machinery.. .. 318,322 1.4 405,682 1.6 383,395 1.7 Books and Other Printed Matters............................. 245,323 1.1 147,721 0.6 212,148 0.9 Cars and Carriages, Ex cept Autos...................... 149,105 0.7 176,413 0.7 202,185 0.9 Automobile Tires.............. 185,911 0.8 222,694 0.9 279,658 1.2 Fruits and Nuts............... 447,566 2.0 344,622 1.4 275,754 1.2 Woolen Goods................... 115,335 0.5 215,271 0.8 119,048 0.5 Leather Goods.................. 213,665 1.0 273,703 1.1 241,726 1.1 Shoes and Other Foot ware 151,023 0.7 159,821 0.6 129,097 0.5 Coffee .................................. 123,319 0.5 167,489 0.7 156,423 0.7 Breadstuff, Except Wheat Flour................... 198,722 0.9 213,245 0.8 180,760 0.8 Eggs....................................... 260,322 1.2 260,465 1.0 195,183 0.8 Perfumery and Other Toilet Goods................. 166,471 0.7 140,700 0.5 135,856 0.6 Lubricating Oil.................. 94,470 0.4 274,175 1.1 194,274 0.9 Cacao Manufactures, Ex cept Candy..................... 161,196 0.7 179,524 0.7 143,375 0.6 Glass and Glassware........ 149,405 0.7 159,898 0.6 171,036 0.8 Paints, Pigments, Var nish, Etc.......................... 106,318 0.5 191,498 0.8 155,580 0.7 Oils not separately listed. 157,549 0.7 233,067 0.9 152,112 0.7 Earthern Stones and Chinaware....................... 137,705 0.6 104,176 0.4 122,804 0.5 Automobile Accessories.. 115,966 0.4 153,882 0.7 Diamond and Other Pre cious Stones Unset. . .. 121,925 0.5 149,184 0.6 123,171 0.5 Wood, Bamboo, Reed, Rattan.............................. 75,926 0.3 111,323 0.4 118,685 0.5 India Rubber Goods.... 85,971 0.4 125,873 0.5 116,060 0.5 Soap....................................... 216,007 1.0 157,956 0.6 180,426 0.8 Matches................................ 97,861 0.4 94,213 0.4 81,994 0.4 Cattle.................................... 26,293 0.1 28,458 0.1 Explosives............................ 2,559 70,149 0.3 39,423 0.1 Cement.................................. 84,092 0.4 110,147 0.4 89,196 0.4 Sugar and Molasses........ 42,991 0.2 115,364 0.4 84,760 0.4 Motion Picture Films.. . . 20,371 0.1 24,243 0.1 32,779 0.2 All Other Imports........... 2,256,274 10.2 1,883,646 7.5 2,025,020 9.2 Total.................... P22.098.701 100.0 P24.929.796 100.0 P22.788.577 100 0 TRADE WITH THE UNITED STATES AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES Monthly average for Ports March, 1929 March, 1928 12 months ending Mai ch, 1929. Value % Value % Value % Manila. .... 1*39,439,498 68.1 P37.653.724 69.6 1*32,989,325 66.1 Iloilo. . . .... 8,789,594 15.3 8,129,940 14.9 6,895,069 13.9 Cebu. . . .... 6,538,567 11.3 5,666,444 10.4 6,491,801 13.1 Zamboanga................ .... 584,131 1.0 569,7(57 1 .0 597,534 1 .3 Jolo. . . . .... 42,455 0.1 60,955 0.1 99,439 0.3 Davao.. .... 1,836,008 3.2 1,510,654 2.7 1,311,089 2.7 Legaspi .... 545,955 1 .0 729,025 1.3 1,216,793 2.6 Total........... . . . . 1*57,776,208 100.0 1*54,320,509 100.0 1*49,631,050 100.0 IMPORTS Nationality of Vessels March, 1929 1 March, 1928 Monthly average for 12 months ending March, 1929. • Value % Value % Value % American............................. , P 9,612,205 43.6 Pll.434,579 45.9 P 9,925,177 44.8 British................................... 4,900,570 22.2 8,375,730 33.6 7,739,033 34.8 Japanese............................... 1,431,470 6.4 1,270,782 5.2 945,747 4.1 Dutch.................................... 1,011,551 4.5 1,017,593 4.2 652,701 2.6 German................................. 2,176,676 9.9 1,698,847 6.9 1,544,943 6.6 Norwegian........................... 1,406,840 6.4 279,289 1.2 800,037 3.3 Philippine............................. 36,011 0.2 108,866 0.5 127,371 0.3 Spanish.................................. 181,757 0.8 118,960 0.5 156,014 0.5 Chinese.................................. 62,870 0.3 36,071 0.2 61,681 0.2 Swedish................................. 13,297 82,693 0.4 14,463 Dannish................................ 670,708 3.0 92,379 0.2 Csechoslovak...................... 1,340 French ................................... 56,277 0.1 By Freight.......................... P21.503.964 97.3 P24.423.410 97.6 P22,172,606 97.5 By Mail............................... 594,737 2.7 506,418 2.4 615,971 2.5 Total.................... P22.098.701 100.0 P24,929,828 100.0 P22.788.577 100.0 EXPORTS Monthly average for Nationality of Vessels March, 1929 March, 1928 12 months ending March, 1929. Value % . Value % Value % American............................. P15.483.510 44.0 Pll.643,189 39.0 P12.533.143 47.8 British................................... 8,349,364 23.6 9,031,022 30.3 7,547,850 28.6 Japanese............................... 5,232,561 14.8 2,566,056 9.0 2,600,350 9.5 German..................... ........... 1,044,604 2.8 962,353 3.4 914,796 3.1 Norwegian........................... 364,133 0.9 1,376,571 4.8 694,547 2.2 Spanish................................. 468,351 1.2 428,012 1.6 101,201 0.1 Dutch.................................... 812,329 2.1 816,582 2.9 571,292 1.8 Philippine................. 571,186 2.1 216,722 0.5 Chinese................................. 38,454 0.1 71,209 0.5 10,771 Swedish..................... ......... 941,497 2.5 1,057,280 3.8 359,808 1.0 French ....................... 4,880 Dannish.................... ........... 1,814,763 5.0 516,042 1.6 By Freight.......................... P34.549.566 97.0 P28,523,460 97.0 P25.755.037 96.2 By Mail................... ........... 1,127,941 3.0 867,221 3.0 1,087,353 3.8 Total.................... P35,677,507 100.0 P29,390.681 100.0 P26,842,390 100.0 TRADE WITH THE UNITED STATES AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES Monthly average for Countries March, 1929 March, 1928 12 months ending March, 1929. Value % Value % Value % United States................ . . P40.483.899 70.6 P36.279.121 67.1 P34.494.795 69.1 United Kingdom.......... 2,571,140 4.5 2,555,206 4.6 2,092,425 4.3 Japan................................ 3,768,486 6.6 3,725,254 6.8 3,321,540 6.8 China................................ 2,123,278 3.8 2,432,487 4.5 1,743,853 3.6 French East Indies. . . 762,379 1.4 263,282 0.5 581,368 1.3 Germany......................... 2.5 1,228,636 2.2 1,235,233 2.6 Spain................................. 935,064 1.7 1,682,288 3.1 1,125,545 2.2 Australia.......................... 359,908 0.7 720,194 1.3 502,796 1.0 British East Indies. .. 1.065.07S 1.8 1,220.29S 2.2 • 708,070 1.4 Dutch East Indies ... 820,638 1.4 874,793 1.6 546,331 1.1 France............................... 556,937 1.0 518,337 1.0 778,469 1.6 Netherlands.................... 326,888 0.6 378,199 0.7 359,702 0.7 Italy.................................. 318,371 0.5 212,999 0.4 348,595 0.7 Hongkong........................ 452,362 0.8 732,855 1.3 268,986 0.5 Belgium........................... 487,805 0.8 435,714 0.8 460,190 0.9 Switzerland..................... 479,022 0.8 281,942 0.5 287,846 0.6 Japanese-China............. 117.910 0.2 70,557 0.1 105,963 0.2 Siam.................................. 64,561 0.1 96,929 0.2 33,217 0.1 Sweden............................. 165,349 0.3 78,733 0.1 95,067 0.2 Canada............................. 59,807 0.1 115.956 0.2 107,093 0.2 Norway............................ 122,919 0.2 41,256 0.1 82,370 0.2 Austria.............................. 19,992 51,4 25 0.1 16,720 Denmark......................... 35,985 0.1 15,072 32,374 0.1 Other Countries.............. 273,895 0.5 308,976 0.6 299,472 0.6 Total.................. . P57.776.208 100.0 P54.320.509 100.0 P49,631,050 100.0 32 THE AMERICAN UHAlVlBím ur J V ill» BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL DIRECTORY Kerr Steamship Co., Inc. General Agents “SILVER FLEET” Express Freight Services Philippines-New York via Java and Singapore Roosevelt Steamship Agency Agents Chaco Bldg. Phone 2-14-20 Manila, P. I. Myers-Buck Co., Inc. Surveying and Mapping PRIVATE MINERAL AND PUBLIC LAND 316 Carriedo Tel. 2-16-10 FAG ARC I AW I STA. POTENCIAN A 32 I TEL. 22715 OjT<S COLOR PLATES HALF-TONES I ZINC-ETCHING PHILIPPINES COLD STORES Wholesale and Retail Dealers in American and Australian Refrigerated Produce STORES AND OFFICES Calle Echague Manila, P. I. MACLEOD & COMPANY Manila Cebu Vigan Davao Iloilo Exporters of Hemp and Maguey Agents for INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER CO. Agricultural Machinery UNIVERSAL BATTERIES F26.50 One Year Guarantee CARO ELECTRICAL SERVICE 110 P. Faura Tel. 5-69-44 fí ft 1 Í CHINA BANKING CORPORATION MANILA, P. I. Domestic and Foreign Banking of Every Description “LA URBANA” (Sociedad Mútua de Construcción y Préstamos) Préstamos Hipotecarios Inversiones de Capital 111 Plaza Sta. Cruz Manila, P. I. P. O. Box 1394 Telephone 22070 J. A. STIVER Attorney-At-Law Notary Public Certified Public Accountant * Investments Collections Income Tax 121 Real, Intramuros Manila, P. I. HANSON & ORTH, Inc. Manila, P. I. Buyers and Exporters of Hemp and Other Fibers 612-613 Pacific Bldg. Tel. 2-24-18 BRANCHES: New York—London—Merida—Davao MADRIGAL & CO. 8 Muelle del Banco Nacional Manila, P. I. Coal Contractors and Coconut Oil Manufacturers MILL LOCATED AT CEBU SALEEBY FIBER CO., INC. Fiber Merchants P. O. Box 1423 Manila,‘P. I Room 318, Pacific Building Cable Address: “SALEFIBER” Derham Building Phone 22516 Manila P. O. Box 2103 MORTON & ERICKSEN, INC. Surveyors AMERICAN BUREAU OF SHIPPING Marine and Cargo Surveyors Sworn Measurers REMEMBER The JOURNAL is a mighty good publication to send to someone in the United States whom you wish to keep informed regarding the Philippines! P4 Yearly Does It Send name and address to The American Chamber of Commerce Journal: P. O. Box 1638, Manila, P. I. Mr. MANUEL VALENTIN TAILOR Formerly Chief Cutter for P. B. Florence & Co. 244 Plaza Sta. Cruz Manila, P. I. Phone 2-61-30 The Earnshaws Docks and Honolulu Iron Works Sugar Machinery Slipways Machine Shops Port Area Manila, P. IIN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL SHALL YOUR EXECUTOR BE A BANK? I I I ■i You make a Will so that the needs of your dependents may be adequately provided for. You make it now because you know the J uncertainties of human life. These reasons argue forcibly for the appointment of a corporate | Executor under your Will. A bank does not become ill, die, or move • away. It does not go to the United States or to Europe on an extended vacation. Its facilities do not become impaired by time or accident and its decisions are the result of collective judgment. ! i I This Bank makes a business of managing estates. Its fees are 5 the same as would be paid any other executor. f INTERNATIONAL BANKING CORPORATION TRUST DEPARTMENT RIU HERMANOS-623-ESCOLTA-623 áléArW’'-'1' 915 M. H. del Pilar Manila, P. I. Sjtool. Blood and Urine Examinations, Special Sunday ana Holiday Hours Tor Business Men: 8 to 9 a.m.; 3 to 5 p.m. Week-days: 7:30 a.m. to 12 m.; 1:30 to 5 p.m. i ¡ Manila Wine Merchants, Ltd. 174 Juan Luna Manila, P. I. P. O. Box 403 Phones: 2-25-67 and 2-25-68 WEANDSCO Western Equipment and Supply Co. Distributers in the Philippines for Western Electric Co. Graybar Electric Co. Westinghouse 119 Calle T. Pinpin P. O. Box C Manila, P. I. Recommended By Leading Doctors Drink It For Your Health’s Sake TEL. 5 73-06 Nature’s Best Mineral Water NOW’S THE TIME! gEND in subscriptions for your friends in the United States—men who are (or ought to be!) personally concerned for the welfare of the Philippines. Make it a Christ mas gift, and Do It Now! IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL .o \Exfra power, extra strengtl x ~ * Extra speed-G.M.CTracks BUILT for the severest kind of service— for long hauls, for rough or sandy roads, for hill climbing—the Model T-19 2-ton G. M. C. Truck is the outstanding transpor tation unit on Philippine highways. Pile on a load to capacity rating, disregard distance or condition of roads,—you can be sure the T-19 will eat up the miles in record time with low cost of operation per ton-mile. Plenty of reserve power is provided in the T-19. Timken rear axle and bearings give strength and stamina. Four wheel brakes insure safety and instant control. Here is a truck that relieves you of all worry by deli vering the highest type of efficient service. Capacity Ratings T 11 lbs. Í Gross Capacity........... 3,80( ’ Chassis weight............ 1,98C I Body allowance.......... 800 ’ Pay load...................... 1,22C T 19 Gross Capacity.......... 8.000 Chassis weight............ 3,000 Body allowance.......... 1,000 Pay load...................... 4.000 T 30 Gross capacity.............. 10,000 Chassis weight............ 4,160 Body allowance.......... 1,200 Pay load....................... 4,500 T-42 Gross capacity..............12,000 Chassis weight............ 4,760 Body allowance.......... 1,500 Pay load 6,740 Call today, or write for complete information Automotive Sales Company G. M. C. Truck Distributor for the Philippines Pinpin and M. del Banco Nacional IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNA^