American Chamber of Commerce Journal Vol. 9, No.7 (July 1929)

Media

Part of The American Chamber of Commerce Journal

Title: American Chamber of Commerce Journal Vol. 9, No.7 (July 1929)
Issue Date: Volume 9 (Issue No. 7) July 1929
Year: 1929
Language: English
Rights
extracted text: Leonard Wood’s Vision: Leprosy Eradica tion.—Wealth from Exotic Plants, P. J. Wester.—From One Friend to Another, Anne Miltimore Pendleton.—Three More Poems by Gilbert S. Perez. — Things Gilmore Has Got Done in the Philip pines.—Tariff Making Without Method, by Thomas Walker Page, a Chapter from His Book.—Editorials: Business As Usual; Farther North; A Decade As Against a Century.—June’s Leading Newspaper Editorials.—Other Features and the Usual Reviews of Commerce and Industry. For Students of English: First Installment of Farquson Johnson’s “Common Errors in English Corrected” • MAGAZINE PREEMINENT IN• THE • PHIL SHALL YOUR EXECUTOR BE A BANK? i You make a Will so that the needs of your dependents may be adequately provided for. You make it now because you know the ¡ uncertainties of human life. These reasons argue forcibly for the appointment of a corporate ¡ Executor under your Will. A bank does not become ill, die, or move i away. It does not go to the United States or to Europe on an extended vacation. Its facilities do not become impaired by time or ■ accident and its decisions are the result of collective judgment. I This Bank makes a business of managing estates. Its fees are ¡ the same as would be paid any other executor. INTERNATIONAL BANKING CORPORATION TRUST DEPARTMENT IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL July, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 1 YOUR LOGGING PROBLEM can be solved readily by some type of WASHINGTON LOGGING ENGINE The Washington Simplex Yarder above leads all Yarders in ease of operation and low cost of upkeep. Washington Iron Works, Seattle, U. S. A. Agents for the Philippine Islands The Edward J. Nell Co., Ltd.,—Manila. WAS HINCTON ENGINES A Snappy Card in the Street Cars BRINGS RESULTS A High-class Advertising Medium Telephone 2-19-11 A. B. TIGH Advertising Manager PLUMBING We do Sanitary installation per specifications or per wishes of the owner. Only first class plumbing goods and materials are used and first class workmanship labor employed. No matter how difficult the work or how complicated the plan ing of your plumbing, don’t worry; just give us a call— HENRY MUSSER-Tei. 2-10-44 We do our best to satisfy the cus tomer, and we correct errors of any plumbing installation of every plumbing system, how ever difficult it may be. We do also any kind of Sheet Metal work, kitchen appliances, ice boxes, etc. HENRY MUSSER Plumbing and Sheet Metal Works Tel. 2-10-44 662 Rizal Ave. WHY QUALITY? When you think of purchasing a new range you are confronted with a problem that requires some considerable thought. The buyer of a LANG RANGE does not make his or her choice haphazardly, but invest igates the merits of the range along the follow ing lines: First, QUALITY, which is exemplified in every detail of the LANG. From the raw material to the finish range, nothing is sacri ficed to produce the very best range that can possibly be made. Second, APPEARANCE. The LANG, on sanitary legs, with smooth top in durable nickel trim, enamel trimmed or all enamel construction if wanted, in blue, gray, or white, will please the most exacting requiremen ts Third, ECONOMY and EFFICIENCY must be considered and a range that is proven fuel saver (accomplished only in a LANG with its exclusive hot blast features and direct application of heat) will, over a short time, repay the purchaser many times over a cheap and wasteful range not to mention the guar anteed cooking and baking satisfaction. The LANG is particularly adapted for the fuel conditions where gas could not be ob tained. Wood and soft coal are burned more satisfactorily in this Western Patented firebox. The First Choice of Every Home The Lange Ranges Enjoy the Range Comfort Specify Lang Range Sold by HENRY MUSSER 662 Rizal Ave. Manila, P. I. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 2 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL July, 1929 SCHOOL OPENS! JUNE 10 For School Books and School Supplies of All Kinds go to the Philippine Education Store on the Escolta, second floor, and make your selections. Philippine Education buys in the largest quantities and sells at the lowest prices Philippine Education Co., Inc. 101 Escolta Manila, P. I. Zf’s a Great Refrigerator ELECTRO LUX GAS REFRIGERATOR MADE BY SERVEL................................................................ NEW YORK Light the tiny gas flame and forget about the problem of efficient refrigeration in your home. Dependable, efficient, economical, clean. Four handsome models from which to select; priced from P495.00 and up with liberal time payments if desired. Come in and let us arrange to install one in your home and let us look after the refrigeration for you. CORONAS DE LA ALHAMBRA HALF-A-CORONA EXCELENTES ESPECIALES BELLEZAS PRESIDENTES Etc., Etc. Watch For The Name ALHAMBRA On Rings and Labels— It’s Your Protection Alhambra Cigar and Gigarette Mfg. Co. 31 Tayuman Manila, P. I. Manila Gas Corporation Main Office: Downtown Showroom: Calle Otis, Paco. Tel. 5-69-34 7 Calle David. Tel. 2-16-43 IMITA TED BUT NEVER EQUALLED! IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE ME NTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY The American Chamber ef Gommerce OF THE Philippine Islands (Member Chamber of Commerce of the United States) ENTERED AS SECOND CLASS MATTER May 25, 1921, at the POST OFFICE AT MANILA, P. I. Local Subscription: P4.00 per year Foreign Subscription: $3.00 U. S. Currency, per year Single Copies: 35 Centavos WALTER ROBB, Editor and Manager DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS P. A. Meyer, President H. M. Cavender, Vice-President John W. Haussermann, Vice-President B. A. Green, Treasurer H. L. Heath W. L. Applegate J. C. Rockwell Kenneth B. Day Alf Welhaven ALTERNATE DIRECTORS J. L. Headington A. B. Cresap Frank W. Butler Wm. H. Rennolds John R. Wilson, Secretary E. E. Selph, General Counsel EXECUTIVE P. A. Meyer, Chairman H. M. Cavender H. L. Heath COMMITTEES FINANCE J. L. Headington, Chairman Wm. H. Rennolds F. W. Butler RELIEF W. J. Odom, Chairman Carl Hess John Gordon MANUFACTURING P. A. Meyer, Chairman Alf Welhaven E. A. Seidenspinner LEGISLATIVE P. A. Meyer, Chairman Frank B. Ingersoll J. R. Wilson FOREIGN TRADE H. B. Pond, Chairman L. L. Spellman M. M. Saleeby PUBLICATIONS , P. A. Meyer, Chairman Roy C. Bennett BANKING AND CURRENCY Stanley Williams, Chair man W. J. Shaw RECEPTION AND ENTERTAINMENT J. L. Headington, Chair man F. W. Butler J. R. Wilson HOUSE B. A. Green, Chairman J. R. Wilson LIBRARY John Gordon, Chairman SHIPPING H. M. Cavender, Chairman G. P. Bradford L. E. Nantz INVESTMENTS P. A. Meyer, Chairman H. M. Cavender B. A. Green FROM GOVERNOR DAVIS’S INAUGURAL SPEECH {Manila, July 8, 1929) “I regard this warm welcome as a happy augury of that close, cordial and constructive cooperation under the organic law which I hope will be the keynote of my administration, a cooperation with your political, busi ness, journalistic and spiritual leaders for the sole purpose of promoting the welfare of all your people. . . . Were I merely to give expression to my personal gratification at such a cordial reception you might well feel that I had missed the broader significance of this occasion, had failed to sense its unmistakable evidence of the friendship on the part of the people of the Philippine Islands for the people of the United States. “. . . Determination of the political future of the islands does not come within the province of the governor general. However, problems directly affecting the foundations upon which that political future must rest do confront us for solution. If these foundations are not strongly and firmly built, any structure of government, no matter what its character, will inevitably fail. “One of the conerstones of the foundation of any government is the honesty of its officials. Public office, it cannot be repeated too often, is a public trust. Dishonesty among public servants must be fearlessly sup pressed. If it is not detected and punished it spreads insidiously through out the whole service and corrupts those who condone it as well as those who connive at it, and it dissipates the public moneys so seriously needed for essential improvements. The public official who betrays his trust is not only unfaithful to those who honor him by election or appointment to office; he is faithless to the children who must grow up without educational opportunities, due to the lack of revenues, to the sick who cannot get hos pital treatment, to the unfortunates in eleemosynary institutions, and to all of the people who benefit by the public improvements vital to their welfare. The responsibility for the elimination of dishonesty from the government rests not only upon your officials but also upon the people who themselves are the principal sufferers. If public opinion demands honesty, it will get honesty. If it condones dishonesty, it will get dis honesty. I confidently rely upon the support of the press and the public in the insistence that public officials be faithful to their trust. “Closely related to this subject is the most effective use of the available revenues. Efficient economy must be exercised in every department of the government. I assume that it is being practised today. I am confident that every administrative official will cooperate to this end. If any official is unable or unwilling to do so he should and promptly will be replaced.” ROYAL CORD The Choice of the Motorists Who Know Tire Values We stand behind every tire sold MANILA TRADING 8s SUPPLY CO. MANILA ILOILO CEBU BACOLOD IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 4 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL July, 1929 Things Gilmore Has Got Done in the Philippines Outstanding among Vice Governor Gilmore’s achievements during the several periods when he has been the islands’ acting governor—es pecially the long period between Wood’s de parture from Manila May 27, 1927, and Stim son’s arrival in Manila March 1, 1928—are the several acts by which the long-persisting ship ping monopoly was broken and egress into the marine commerce of the islands was made for American vessels. This signalized a new era in local shipping, a modern era, and Gilmore might rightly be known as the father of modern shipping in the Philippines. To effect the reforms most vital, it was necessary to secure action by the legislature; the situation which Gilmore corrected had baffled governors for thirty years. The basis of the monopoly was that the utility commission controlled routes and rates, and that the shipping companies owned by Spaniards in the Philippines were, as they still are, prevented by law from acquiring new ships. Before a vessel could operate on any route in the islands, it had to obtain a certificate of public convenience from the utility commission, and the commission, when it issued such a license, decreed the rates to be charged. Agitation begun with the launch ing of the proposal that the foreign interests be permitted to replace old tonnage with new, and opinion for and against developed inside and outside the legislature. The outcome was a triumph for public opinion, and public welfare over private welfare. The renewal-of-tonnage project was abandoned, and a bill suppressing the utility commission’s powers to fix routes and rates was passed in the closing hours of the 1927 legislative session. Ships now choose their own routes, and fix their own rates, being restricted only by a max imum. The next step was the port bonds issues for Iloilo and Cebu—enough in single acts of the legislature to modernize both harbors. The third step has just been taken and its outcome depends upon Governor Davis. An agreement has been effected, subject to Davis’s approval, putting the wharfage revenue into a permanent port works fund to be used only in harbor improvements. This revenue is about P2,000,000 annually—enough to improve many,ports within a few years. As it derives from shipping, it is wholly reasonable to devote it to this industry. The remainder of this paper must be mere summarization. 1. The $5,000,000 bond issue for the better sanitation of Manila. 2. The $5,000,000 stock purchase in the Manila Railroad (authorized) for extending the lines northward. 3. An act authorizing a commission to as certain the physical and economic resources of Mindanao and draft plans for their exploitation. 4. An allotment of $150,000 to publicity for Philippine cigars. 5. An allotment of $250,000 to promote vocational and agricultural education. 6. Suppression of the wharfage tax of $1 per ton upon exports of ore, coal, timber and cement. (While of little immediate benefit to the indus trial Philippines, this is wise prevision). GILMORE’S METHOD As an executive of the Philippine government, Vice Governor Gilmore did not settle the City-Metropolitan (Water District) controversy himself, his fiat did not extend so far; he got the con tending parties into conferences where they reached an accord. He<did not deprive the utility commission of its powers over interisland shipping, which is beyond an executive’s prerogative; he got a majority of the legislature to do it. He did not wave his hand and summon the Monroe school-survey commission to the Philippines, for he had neither authority nor funds for such an enterprise; he got a majority of the legislature to vote the funds and authorize the survey, and to vote an additional sum when the first proved insufficient. The law disperses authority here and there, and Gilmore’s gift is to energize this authority wherever he finds it placed, and to counsel it wisely and con centrate it upon matters affecting public welfare which press for solution. So it falls out that men everywhere in the government, and many outside of it, share in all his executive achieve ments; and the press shares in them preeminently. It equally falls out, the editor believes, that here is a truly eminent civilian executive: one familiar with the law and the means of effecting its purposes.—¿Ed. 7. Loans to towns and provinces for public works. 8. Revision and compilation of the election law of the islands. 9. A rescidivist act. 10. The new marriage act, which, while in need of amendments, is serving its main purpose, that of suppressing abuses of the privilege to perform marriage ceremonies. 11. Authorization of cooperative marketing associations—a measure which received Gil more’s approval, but was not his proposal. 12. The workmen’s compensation act, permit ted to become law without Gilmore’s action; not the measure he would have wished for, but one embodying a principle for which he stands. 13. Greater tax autonomy to towns. 14. The interisland shipping committee, head ed by the director for the orient of the U. S. shipping board, which furnished timely technical information to the legislature that was funda mental in gaining a majority for the shipping reform legislation. 15. An act making wireless equipment com pulsory on all interisland vessels. 16. The accord between Manila and the Metropolitan Water District, settling out of court a prolonged legalistic controversy. (The diplomacy here manifested comports with that exercised in the shipping legislation). 17. Summary recall of a foreign consul who officiously intervened directly with the legis lature to prevent passage of legislation recom mended by the executive. (Another instance of the skillful aid rendered Governor Gilmore by the Manila press). 18. Tightening up the enforcement of the immigration law, and the coincident suppres sion of the so-called tong conflicts in Manila. (This has occurred since Colonel Stimson’s departure from the islands in February, and it occurred very early after that event). 19. Cordial relations between the executive and the legislature, without forfeiture of the executive’s independent prerogatives. “. . . . In sisting always on what was his and at the same time respecting that which properly belonged to others,” is Senator Osmeña’s description of Gilmore’s attitude. He adds that “such a government will necessarily work harmoniously and successfully.”) 20. Repeal of the peonage act. An act passed about 22 years ago had for 20 years fos tered peonage, though this was not the legisla tive intention when it was passed. When a workmen went into a man’s employ and re ceived an advance payment against his wages—• the procedure which is the basis of peonage—he was practically bound to that man until he was square on the books; and in practice pains were taken to see that he never should be free to quit his job. If he did quit while in debt, it was a criminal offense and the constabulary rounded him up and turned him over to the courts to be jailed, or turned him back to his master. This convenience of plantation management must now be foregone; advancement from it is decreed by the act of repeal. THE SCHOOLS The vice governor’s portfolio is that of the public-instruction department, the most im portant one in the number of its personnel, the amount of money expended and the scope and influence of its jurisdiction. The vice governor is ex officio chairman of the University board of regents, and also of the board controlling the teachers’ pension fund. The Philippine health service, the education bureau and the quarantine service are under his department, for which the annual appropriations run to nearly 30% of the total insular revenues—-the personnel ap proximating 30,000. Schools appropriations have increased by an annual sum of about $3,000,000 during the time Vice Governor Gilmore has been in office; the value of school property has increased $9,000,000; school libraries have doubled in number and books in school libraries tripled in number. Teachers with normal school training have increased from 4.18% of the The result of over half a century of refining experience SOCDNY MOTOR OILS AND MOTOR GASOLINE Remember that SOCONY is Standard IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL July, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 5 number employed to 21%; six normal schools have been built and a training-department building added to the parent school in Manila. In 1925, the legislature provided for an expert survey of the islands’ schools which was carried out by the Monroe commission (headed by Dr. Paul Monroe of Columbia University). The original sum provided being too little, more was voted at a subsequent date. The legislature checked up on the report with a survey of its own, and agreed with most of the fundamental conclusions of the Monroe report, which is a book of 700 pages. The surveys had a wholesome effect. Though the schools administration is an entrenched bureaucracy, it is no longer heresy to voice a reasonable criticism of the schools and some eventual good may come of the public informa tion imparted by the Monroe and legislative reports. Some good has already come, in fact, in the grant from the legislature for employing experts in rural vocational education, curriculum construction, elementary education, teacher training, and health education. There is valid argument on the side of the schools administra tion which discounts the enormity of an abnor mally large proportion of college students going in for law, medicine and other professional cour ses whose graduates might be expected to join the parasitical class; for the attractiveness of other professions consists largely in there being opportunities for professional employment in them, and in the Philippines such chances are few. Besides, here the lawyer buys a farm as soon as he is able, and the doctor does so too; so there is a working back to the land from pro fessional life. Gilmore realizes that for the farm-school graduate there should be a career in farming Leonard Wood’s Vision: Leprosy Eradication During the first half of this year 400 cured lepers were set at liberty from Culion, and nobody knows where they have gone or how they are faring. This is almost equal to the total number cured and discharged during 1928, which was but 480; and it is 10% of the lepers under treatment at Culion, who number 4,000. It is expected that fully 800 lepers will be cured and discharged from custody at Culion during this year; that is, it is believed that the record of the first half-year will be equaled during the second. The Philippines are on the way to mastery of leprosy. Since Culion was reorgan ized under Wood’s leadership in 1922, no less than 2,000 lepers have been cured there. Where are they? The whereabouts of but few of them are known. It is important to the science of leprosy treatment, as well as to the sociological side of the work, to ascertain where these cured lepers are living, how they are making a livelihood, and under what conditions they have been received into the communities where they are to be found. The Philippine Anti Leprosy Society plans to undertake this inves tigation with a corps of field workers on full time. To this end it is seeking financial aid from the public; it wishes to raise P20,000 to be awaiting. In setting aside the reservation for the pineapple industry he stipulated that among the homeseekers applying for lands on the re servation, farm school and agricultural college graduates should be given preference. Contro versy aside, he inaugurated a movement in education which will be more thoughtfully guided than the progress of Philippine public education has been guided in the past. There is at least some thought given now to what the schools are doing; formerly the public was prac tically constrained to be satisfied with the mere fact that the schools functioned. It is just that Leonard Wood’s name be as sociated for all time with the leprosy work which was such a dominant interest of his administra tion. He took all the leadership in this, only the details of carrying out projects falling to Gilmore as head of the department. Gilmore has been directly instrumental in establishing a system of provincial hospitals, in providing the hospital for the insane at Manila, and in effecting other betterments in the health service. On June 27, but a few days ago, the plans of two years came to fruition in the incorporation of a governing entity—'associated with the government, but independent of it—to create fifty fellowships in the field of research in pure science. An objective is, to give applied science the benefit of this research. It is a reasonable hope that Manila will thus become a center of scientific investigation along many lines. Money for the work is to derive from private sources in the Philippines and the United States, the expectation being that the laboratory, library and other facilities of the government will be available to the fellows in research. —W. R. devoted solely to the cured-leper survey. Progress in curing leprosy, then, has reached the stage where the fate of the cured patient becomes important. He numbers so very many, and soon there will be an augmentation of 1,000 a year in his ranks. Necessity must find a way of looking after him, if he needs looking after. If he doesn’t, what a credit it is to the islands that they accept the verdict of science on leprosy and take the cured leper back into their commu nities. The exact situation in which the cured leper finds himself should be reliably known and reported. The Philippines have 4,900 lepers under medical treatment at present: Culion, 4,000; Cebu, 200; Manila, at San Lazaro, 400; Iloilo, 100. There are 1,600 lepers at Culion who are not under treatment, so the total number segre gated is 6,300. Treatment consists in the regular injection of chaulmoogra ethyl esters with iodine (1/2%) into the patient’s blood. The technic has been improved recently at Culion by making the injections directly into the leprous lesions, instead of just at any convenient point on the body. Under the new method, lesions sometimes dis appear entirely within three months. After a patient shows no further clinical and laboratory signs of leprosy—when all lesions are gone, and microscopic examination of the blood reveals no leprosy germs—he is kept under observation at Culion from six months to two years before being discharged as cured. There seem to be no recurrences of the disease, in persons pronounced cured, but only the careful survey proposed to be carried out by the anti-leprosy society can deter mine this point scientifically. Is the disease unique in this respect, as it is in others—does it recur after the lapse of years? It seems no one knows, at least no one in the Philippines. The leper expert would like ever so much to know; he would also like to know that patients cured and discharged are keeping up self-treat ment as a precaution against reinfection, or recurrence of the old infection. Absolute triumph over leprosy waits upon this data. It is known that the health service has had to permit fifty cured lepers to return to Culion, they being unable to fit themselves into life outside the colony. Room is being made for more such residents of the island. Dr. Simplicio Chiyuto, colony chief, used lepers at the colony and built a road two kilometers along the coast, to Bayani. This gave access to some fields that can be tilled. The Leonard Wood Memorial Fund was then drawn upon to extend the road over the coastal hills to Baldad, about six kilometers, opening more fields to the colony market; and the anti leprosy society is extending this road five more kilometers, at the cost of about P20,000. Alto gether, the road opens considerable grazing and farming land up for settlement. Culion, an island 140 square miles in area, can support a much larger population than it is now supporting, if the road system is made extensive with the island’s boundaries and the skill of the forester and engineer is brought to the settlers’ aid. Fishing might employ many. If thousands of cured lepers were settled on the island, they would be accessible to scientific observation at all times—all doubts as to the permanency of the cure could be cleared up for all time. This seems to be an ideal solution of the diffi culty the cured leper presents, but it depends upon the charity of the public. Then too, if a cured leper does not wish to live on Culion, if the cure is permanent there is no reason why he should live there; perhaps there is no legal way of holding him there. Five years hence, if the public is liberal, more about what may safely be done with him will be known. Properly, the Wood fund may only be spent for scientific research in the treatment of leprosy: using a little for the road may have been stretch ing a point rather hard, though it does get cured lepers under convenient observation in condi tions normal to life outside the severely regulated colony. Therefore, the economic development of Culion as a place of residence for cured lepers must, in bulk, fall upon other resources than the Wood fund. This fund, it is expected, will be $2,000,000 (P4,000,000) before the end of the year. Leprosy exists in every part of the Philippines, but is rarer in some regions than in others. It is rare in Zambales; it is frequently encountered in Ilokos, the Bikol region, Cebu and Panay. Retail nine American D>< Wh01esa Importers íVVP» Agents BOTICA BOIE ° MANILA Heavy Chemicals—Fertilizer—Manufacturers We have been selling drugs for 98 years ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 6 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL July, 1929 It yields quickest when treated early, quite readily in the incipient stage. This means, of course, that treatment stations ought to be in operation in the various parts of the islands where leprosy is frequent; there are such stations at Manila and Cebu, and should be others at Legaspi, Iloilo, in Ilokos and in Mindanao. Dr. José N. Rodríguez has charge of the Cebu treatment station, just being completed with the Eversley Childs fund of $180,000. That’s about what the bill will be for any duplicate of this unit, but it is a well-equipped station and equal to its task. Dr. Rodríguez reports that lepers voluntarily go to the station for treatment. It seems reasonable to expect that among the patients will be many incipient cases, which diligent treatment can arrest in comparatively a short time. What about the P20,000 for the check-up on cured lepers? The Journal sends its small donation, wishing the movement well. The Tariff Making Without Method By Thomas Walker Page During the twentieth century American com merce with foreign nations has grown in volume and has changed substantially in character and in composition. Changes of no less moment have likewise taken place in nearly all branches of domestic industry. The proper adjustment, therefore, of commercial legislation to business needs has become more delicate and difficult at the same time that it has been assuming more vital importance. There has been in creasing urgency in the demand that, in shaping legislation, instruments of greater precision should be substituted for the broadax and saw that have too often been used to roughhew measures for business regulation and to fit them into the structure of party politics. Par ticularly in regard to the tariff has this demand grown pressing. For twenty years it has been current in such expressions as “take the tariff out of politics,” or “make it scientific”—vague expressions which really mean that in some way the tariff, whether enacted for revenue or for protection, should be adapted more accurately and quickly to the varying exigencies of the United States Treasury and of American business. No little dissatisfaction with the manner in which the tariff is made grows out of the busi ness disturbance caused by the prolonged un certainty about the rates of duty. It is true that some disturbance must result whenever any effective duty is imposed or removed, but it is needlessly increased by protracting the anxiety and insecurity that prevail between the begin ning and the completion of a tariff revision. Industry and commerce tend to adjust them selves to meet such new conditions as the re vision may bring when once the conditions are known; but until the rates of duty and the The Eleventh Hour j VHIS week is the deadline—the eleventh hour—the last moment of preparation for the girls and boys who are venturing forth in search for wisdom. You, parents see to it that they are properly prepared to do the aidous tasks before them. Make sure their eyes are right by having them examined now. Always the best in quality but never higher in price government is probably giving to leprosy about all that may be expected from a popular treasury subject to pork-barrel invasions; it is giving Pl,500,000 this year, about 1/3 of the total appropriation for the health service. The .genera lization seems to hold, that no funds asked of charity are more carefully and sensibly expended than those asked for the leper work in all its branches. None of these can be dispensed with, either, without injury to the work as a whole. Having mentioned two names, one or two more are in order. Dr. W. H. Wade, who was inter viewed in preparation for this article, is chief pathologist at Culion. Technical medical work there is under Dr. Casimiro B. Lara. The chemical work is under Dr. Howard I. Cole, who succeeded Dr. Perkins. In Manila, at the science bureau, Dr. A. P. West has been engaged for years on research in the chemistry of chaulmoogra oil. His work is in the field of pure science, and very thorough-going. The accompanying article is Chapter I in Making the Tariff in the United Sta tes, by Thomas Walker Page, of the Institute of Economics, Washington, D. C. The book is published by the McGraw-Hill Book Co., 370 7th Ave., N. Y., and if memory serves the price is $2.50. The book is in its second edition. It is quite an informed and complete disquisition on the American tariff, and designed to inculcate knowl edge about better ways of making the tariff than the method described here, which is the one which has always been followed. President Hoover has had occasion to denounce the 1929 tariff, just enacted, as in no wise his; indeed, it almost ranks as a foundling among Federal laws, no one wishing to acknowledge authorship of it. Dr. Page is well worth reading on the tariff, and all In stitute books are erudite unbiased treat ises. This one has 273 pages and an index. The Institute of Economics is a Car negie foundation. It is vitally interested in the situation of the Philippines in rela tion to the American tariff. Dr. Page himself is interested, so here are friends at court.—Ed. terms of payment are fixed and understood adjustment is impossible, commitments are precarious, and business is enveloped in an atmosphere of insecurity. While Congress is preparing to legislate, radical and reactionary proposals are sure to find some advocacy in committee or on the floor, and the publicity given them adds to the general uneasiness. All sorts of rumors of impending action gain currency. The papers are filled with the baseless predictions of inter ested parties. Partisan spokesmen put out misleading estimates of the effects to be expected from the contemplated revision. Some mem bers of Congress are accused of being swayed by unworthy motives; others are suspected of lacking decision, and pressure in many forms is brought to bear upon them to control their votes. Innumerable delegations and individuals visit Washington to argue, persuade, threaten, and plead. Many organizations open offices thdte to watch proceedings, keep their members informed, and mobilize all possible forces that might aid in securing the kind of tariff that would serve their particular needs. Intense jealousies and controversies arise among the conflicting interests and are reflected in com mittee deliberations and debates on the floor. So bitterly are they sometimes expressed that public welfare seems to be outweighed by per sonal antagonisms. “Blocs” and factions are formed to work primarily for some special ad vantage to particular industries or sections. Unrelated topics are dragged into the discussions both in Congress and in press in such a way as to becloud the issue and to prevent a reasoned and intelligent understanding of the particular matters under consideration. Doubt remains until the last vote is taken in regard to the out come of a procedure attended by so much con fusion, acrimony, and personal interest. The damage thus done to the orderly prosecution of business has compelled those that suffer from it to take thought on the need for a simpler and safer way of revising the tariff. No revision since the Civil War has met with general approval. After the passage of any new tariff, dissatisfaction naturally continues among those whose hopes and efforts have been disappointed. It is natural, also, that, knowing the circumstances under which the act was framed, they should impute its unfavorable features to improper influences. And since few obtain quite all they have wished for, the dissatisfied are always a majority. No matter how closely a new tariff may conform in plan and policy to platform pledges and campaign promises, its details are so numerous and it affects such a multitude of interest that it invariably offends more people than it pleases. The general discontent offers a fruitful field for work by the press and by spokesmen of the opposition party to discredit the act and all who are responsible for it. But when, as has some times happened, the opposition comes into power and itself undertakes a revision the result has been not so much to lessen the amount of discontent as merely to shift a part of it from one group of interests to another. Under control of neither of the two great parties has Congress succeeded in making a tariff that commanded enough approval to give promise of stability. Disappointment with the numerous revisions of the last thirty years has fostered the belief that Congress must either radically reform its methods of making the tariff or must empower some other agency to shape a measure that so intimately concerns the business welfare of the country. The damage caused by the confused and con tentious activities that accompany tariff making, the disappointment of selfish interests, and the chagrin of some groups at their own failure and at the success of others in the use of personal and factional influence account for much of the prevailing discontent with the usual unmethodic procedure. A stronger ground for criticism is found in the outstanding truth that every one of the six general revisions of the past thirty years has contained numerous rates and provisions that were in ac cord neither with the public welfare nor with the policy announced, by the party entrusted with power. It would be invidious to specify such instances of offense in successive acts, although some are notorious and have been almost uni versally admitted. Indeed, no act in a genera tion has found defenders willing to assert that IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL July, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCES JOURNAL it did not swerve in important details from the line of equal justice. The utmost claimed for each of them has been, first, that it was better than the law it supplanted and, second, that if time were given, its inequalities would be elim inated by the gradual adjustment of business. The first of these claims has always been dis puted, and the second has never been verified by experience; indeed, a contrary tendency has been manifest. The longer the life of a tariff, the more widely has it diverged from the prin ciples announced by its framers and the more unequal have become its effects on the interests touched by it. Very few years, therefore, have usually sufficed to arouse in the country such an outraged sense of justice and of business necessity as to compel another general revision in spite of the harmful disturbance attending it. The repeated failures of Congress to meet more closely the needs of American industry and commerce have done more than all else to stimu late the demand for some different method of making the tariff. The cause for these failures are numerous; but two, each vital in itself, are most persistent. The first is the difficulty of ascertaining the precise rates and provisions that will accomplish the purpose desired. The second is that some members of Congress are chiefly concerned in satisfying their own constituents and must be conciliated bv compromises, bargains, and special concessions before votes enough to pass any tariff bill can be obtained. In some measure, of course, the treatment of the tariff by these members as a local issue is due to prejudice or to a wish to remain in office, but in greater measure it rests on less unworthy grounds. The average member feels more acutely and understands far better the special needs of his own locality or industry than he does the more remote and intricate needs of the country as a whole. It does not necessarily mean a lack of patriotism, therefore, when he refuses to give up benefits that are certain and substantial for others that appear doubtful and thinly diffused. He yields to local and political influence, not so much because of self-interest, as because he does not have the wide and precise information necessary for understanding the bearing of the tariff on the nation as a whole. At every stage in the making of a new tariff the influence of these two reasons for the failure of Congress can be seen. The preparation of the bill begins in the Committee on Ways and Means, which is the most powerful committee of the House of Rep resentatives. The composition of this com mittee has little relation to the nature of its work. Places on it are eagerly sought and have to be awarded with caution. Unfortunately the members are not selected with a view to their special fitness for their duties, but, apparently, on the principle that in qualifications all members of the House are equal. The choice among them usually recognizes geographical and factional divisions in the House, but except for that re striction it is determined almost wholly by senior ity of service. In other words the senior member from a certain section or recognized party group is considered to have a valid claim to a place on this important committee. It is rare, therefore, that a member, when he first joins the committee, has the sort of knowledge and aptitude that the committee’s work peculiarly requires. And as tariff revision has been seldom undertaken ex cept as a result of a party change after an elec tion, it has usually been made at the very time when the membership has the largest proportion of new men. The organization as well as the composition of the committee is likewise controlled by se niority. The chairmanship is usually deter mined by length of service, and the division of work among the subcommittees goes more by seniority than by merit and industry. To deny the chairmanship to the member of the party in power who can show the longest unbroken term of committee service is an extremely rare violation of precedent. Age, inaptitude/stolid indifference to economic conditions are seldom considered. Seniority and party regularity are the only essential requirements for the chair manship. It can easily happen that the best men on the committee have little influence on its proceedings and that the work is really dom inated by the more prejudiced and politicallyminded members. Once revision has been begun members of the committee have little or no opportunity to make up any handicap in knowledge‘or ex perience. The information needed for fixing duties is sometimes available only in a form that the committee as composed can not readily use, and sometimes it is not available at all. And even when it can be procured, other de mands on the time of committee members distract their attention and divert their energies. Cor respondence with their districts, social attentions to visiting constituents, interviews with job hunters, attendance at meetings and confer ences both in and away from Washington, the necessity of giving some attention to a multitude of measures before other committees—all these and many things besides, added to their official duties, leave no leisure for persistent study and meditation. When they venture to neglect the outside calls on their time, they do so*at the risk of defeat in the next election. They can make insufficient use, therefore, of the materials relating to economic conditions that numerous agencies have already assembled. No other government in the world has ac cumulated such a vast amount of trustworthy information about industry, and commerce as the government of the United States, but to the average member of Congress its very volume and detail are appaling. Not many men either in or out of Congress are able to follow through an intricate investigation, interpret elaborate statistical tables, and draw sound independent conclusions from them. Such work requires special aptitude, training, and long practice. To most members, therefore, a bulky govern ment report remains metaphorically as well as literally a closed book. Usually, it is true, there are a few men on the committee who can do work of this kind, but owing to lack of time they have to limit their attention to a small part of the task. When it is remembered that the tariff covers the whole field of industry and commerce, embracing many thousands of items, each of which demands individual attention; and when it is further remembered that public opinion and business stability require that the revision be completed within a few months, it becomes clear how hopeless it is for a committee member to find out what he needs to know by the ordinary methods of systematic study. The committee resorts, therefore, to public hearings as the quickest and simplest means of getting information. But in the great multitude of matters to be heard little time can be devoted to any of them. The men who testify at the hearings are frequently warned to be brief in their remarks. Their whole purpose is to use the time allotted to them so as to make the best case they can We Have The Largest and Most Complete Stock of Drygoods in the Philippines If you need silks, linens, cottons, or notions you can serve yourself best by choosing from our large stocks We also carry haberdashery, and make men’s suits and shirts Manuel Pellicer y Co., Inc. 44 Escolta, Manila Phone 2-11-06 for the interest they represent. That is to say, they are really advocates and not informants. They are not sworn and are not required to tell the whole truth, but may limit themselves to such part of it as sustains their case. They are, indeed, liable to be cross-examined by members of the committee and admissions are sometimes drawn from them that throw light on the other side of the matter in hand. But the crossexaminations often degenerate into confused disputes filled with unsupported statements and expressions of suspicion, and frequently wander off into unimportant details. Many elaborate briefs are presented; and letters, affidavits, newspaper clippings, one-sided excerpts from official and unofficial reports, and all sorts of extraneous materials are admitted. The whole undigested mass is finally printed, and the com mittee is thus furnished with many volumes of confused and contradictory evidence in which significant facts are apt to be obscured by ir relevant matter and positive denial. The tariff hearings before the Committee on Ways and Means preparatory to the existing law filled more than four thousand printed pages. Such evidence is not designed to overcome sectional or factional bias. It merely furnishes a ready deposit from which any member may dig the materials to support his preconceived ideas or the wishes of his friends. No better way could be found to strengthen prejudice and stimulate misinformation and intrigue. When trustworthy information is lacking, other influences are free to sway the opinion of those who frame the bill. After the hearings are finished the com mittee members of the majority party go for many weeks into executive session. Here an earnest effort is made, with the aid of clerks, statisticians, and selected advisors to draft a bill that will honestly and reasonably carry out their party’s policy. But that policy is given different interpretations by the different members, who have been intentionally chosen to represent different sections and different party groups. Lacking exact information, and free to choose from the mass of conflicting testimony, each of them naturally gives first place to the views of his own constituents. It is only by a series of concessions and bargains, therefore, that it becomes possible to report out any bill at all. There have been at times chairmen of the com mittee who have possessed enough talent for leadership to give the bills thus drafted a con siderable degree of consistency; but as every factional disagreement in the committee is certain to reappear on a larger scale in the House, even the strongest chairmen have been com pelled to make many sacrifices of consistency in order to get a measure that would not stir up insurgents. The bill is voted on by the House under iron clad rules after being framed in committee with a view to conciliating enough diverging opinions IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL ó AlYlLKl^ADI UtlAJVLBEK W UUMMEKUti JOURNAL July, 1929 to insure its passage. Few amendments on the floor are tolerated. Debate is brief and most of it is perfunctory. In the main the members have to accept on faith the views of their party representatives on the committee, for they have neither time nor means to form an independent judgment on so elaborate and technical a measure. Here and there on both sides a few recalcitrants break away from party lines, and there is no little grumbling and discontent even among the faithful. But in the end the bill is passed with negligible exceptions by a strict party vote. Proceedings in the Senate duplicate in large measure those in the House. But in some re spects conditions are different. So long as the bill is in the House Committee on Ways and Means the public is ignorant of its terms. But when that committee reports it to the House it is published, and the brief debate that follows, though it contributes little to the result, does direct attention to its salient features. By the time the bill reaches the Senate, therefore, every interest it affects is roused to more strenuous efforts, some to maintain what they have got, others to get more, and many to defeat provisions that they consider unfavorable. The press, now furnished with a distinct mark at which to direct its comments, devotes less space to gen eralities and more to the specific provisions of the bill. Public discussion is diverted from broad tariff policies and fastens on significant partic ulars. Numerous adjustments are demanded by opposing sections and interests. Open hearings are conducted by the Com mittee on Finance of the Senate, to which the bill is referred, in much the same way as by the Committee on Ways and Means, of the House. They seldom develop many new and helpful facts, but as feeling has grown more bitter the hearings are usually marked by greater ar rogance among the claimants and resentment among the disappointed. Without exception the country has always appeared to receive a House tariff bill with disapproval. Protests come from some quarter against so many of its details as to give the impression that its enact ment into law could not fail to oust the majority party from power. Accordingly when the majority members of the Finance Committee of the Senate go into executive session it is with a clear understanding that for party safety they must make the bill more widely acceptable. To do so usually involves many hundreds of amendments and sometimes so radically changes the bill as to make it recognizable only through its title and number. In most of the recent tariffs these amendments have commonly been in the nature of an increase of duties, either directly by raising rates or indirectly by changing classifications. This is done because high duties tend more than do low duties to conciliate those opponents who are most active. The committee is smaller than the correspond ing committee of the House and there are fewer new men on it. . Owing to their longer political experience the members are readier to make concessions to expediency, are more amenable to leadership, their proceedings are more digni fied and less contentious; agreement, therefore, is more easily reached. But political considera tions weigh even more heavily in the Senate than in the House; and interested Senators do not wait until the bill is on the floor before exerting their influence. Even during executive sessions of the committee it is not infrequent that Sen ators who are not members of the committee interrupt to argue and persuade and to introduce constituents who want a chance to present ex parte statements without being embarrassed by publicity. The work does not progress far before the position of practically every Senator is known, and the committee is made aware of the partic ular provisions in which each is interested. It then becomes its task to arrange compromises in such a way as to secure a majority when it comes to a vote on the bill. Unfortunately, such compromises can not be in the nature of a general moderation of policy or a consistent and systematic adjustment of terms throughout; they consist rather in distributing dispropor tionately high or low duties in such a way as to satisfy “blocs” and individuals whose votes will be determined not bv the merit of the bill as a whole but by the manner in which it covers the special interests that concern them. When the bill reaches the floor of the Senate it usually appears that agreement by majority of the committee does not mean that the bill will be accepted practically unchanged by the Senate, as is usually done, however disapprov ingly, by the House. Debate is not cut short by the Senate rules; it is long and searching, and the committee must make more than a perfunc tory defense of its proposals. Furthermore, sec tional and factional influences are fully as strong and much more vocal in the Senate than in the House, and under the Senate rules insurgency is easier and more prevalent. In the main, the committee’s recommendations are sustain ed, but amendments proposed on the floor by individual Senators are sometimes adopted that are quite inconsistent with the rest of the bill. In this way maladjustments and in equalities are apt to be further increased. On the other hand, the long debate occasionally shows up discrepancies in the committee’^ proposals that the Senate sees fit to smooth away. All in all, however, when the vote is taken in the Senate on the bill as a whole, it usually shows less of logical arrangement and systematic ad herence to a common standard and a definite policy than at any previous stage. From the Senate the bill goes to conference Useful Plants in Foreign Lands By P. J. Wester Wisely directed plant introduction is one of the most potent and significant factors in the improvement of agriculture. More than that, it creates new empires, nations and industries, destroys old ones and revolutionizes age-old world commerce and trade routes. Corn and tobacco excepted, every important crop in the United States has been transplanted from some foreign country. Wheat spread from Syria through the temperate zones. The potato, originally from the highlands of South America, has become the world’s most important starchy vegetable. The citrus fruits from the Orient transported to Florida and California have created new industries in a once barren un productive land. The alfalfas introduced into America from Europe and Asia have proved of incalculable value. Of no less interest is the fact that few plant Atlantic Gulf and Pacific Co. OF MANILA ENGINEERS MANUFACTURERS CONTRACTORS 71-77 Muelle de la Industria MANILA, P. I. in a committee composed of an equal number of members designated by each house. Meetings are held behind closed doors and sometimes continue for several weeks. Numerous con cessions are made by both side§. Many of them are of minor significance, but some of them give to whole paragraphs and schedules a form quite different from that in which they were passed by either house. New information is seldom sought or offered. In deciding the points at issue less attention is given to their relation to the declared principle of the bill than to the impression that the action taken will make on the respective houses. Much effort is made to have it appear that each house yields in about equal degree to the other, and this some times leads to the sacrifice of important pro visions. Sometimes agreement is difficult and settlement is determined in large measure by endurance and bluff. The bill reported back by the conference com mittee is almost invariably voted on as a whole regardless of the changes made in it. Extremely seldom is it sent back to conference by either house for further adjustment; and although in its final form it is safe to say thp,t no man in either house gives it unqualified approval, and that few even know just what it contains, yet it has never happened that a bill getting through the stages described failed of passage by Congress. industries have been built up on the native heath of the species concerned. Brazil lost her one-time rubber monopoly to tropical Asia, but built up her chief industry, coffee, from the importation of a plant from Abyssinia, where coffee is of little or no importance. West Africa once had a monopoly of the oil palm that is now being threatened by the modern plantations in Sumatra and other parts of Malaya. Su matra, by the way, has also been the first to seriously contend with our Abaca, so long a Philippine monopoly. The tea industries of Ceylon and Dutch Malaya are based on the introduction of plants from China and Assam. In considering the Philippines in relation to plant introductions, we find that all our plant industries except that based on Manila hemp are based on foreign plants imported at one time or another. All our commonly cultivated ve IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL July, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 9 getables, with the exception of the tongo, are of foreign origin, true also of our best fruits and nuts, with few exceptions, such as the pili, kubili, tabu and litoko. We owe a vast debt of gratitude, which never can be repaid, to the unknowns who introduced the coconut, sugar cane, rice, mango, lanzon, and a host of other fruits and vegetables, but we can continue their work by introducing some of the many useful plants of foreign countries which still have not found their way to our shores. Of the varied activities by means of which the agriculture of a country may be improved none is more fascinating than plant introduction. It satisfies the craving for achievement at the same time that it appeals to the gambling in stinct in human nature. By no other means can betterment be so quickly and cheaply ac complished if wisely directed. For successful plant introduction does not mean merely the haphazard importation of foreign plants. The would-be-successful plant introducer must first ascertain under what climatic conditions, al titude, soil and rainfall, the “prospect” thrives; its exploitation or uses in the country into which he proposes to introduce it must next be con sidered, and in the case of staple crops if it can be profitably produced in competition with other countries in which it is already established. For if this cannot be done the money expended in introducing a given crop obviously would be wasted. Suppose we find, for instance, that flax and wheat thrives in Baguio. Where is the land where these crops could be grown in com petition with the vast level fertile plains of the United States, Canada and Argentina? With fruits and vegetables the problem is more simple, for in this case any additional useful species would be an asset to whatever community it was introduced. Most important crop plants adapted to our climate have been introduced into the Philip pines, but an immense amount of plant intro duction work still remains to be accomplished in importing better varieties of crops already grown. Then there is still a bewildering number of vegetables, in the broadest sense of the term, and of fruits and nuts, that play a more or less important role in the diet of the people in other countries which could to advantage be imported into the Philippines. Brief descrip tions of such plants will be given in these ar ticles for the information of those who may wish to try them. Zizania latifolia.—The coba is a coarse peren nial grass up to 2 meters tall, growing from coarse underground runners. It ranges from Indo China to Korea and Japan, growing in swampy land and shallow stagnant water with a muddy THE YOKOHAMA SPECIE BANK ;— .......... ■ = LTD. — ■ (ESTABLISHED 1880) HEAD OFFICE: YOKOHAMA, JAPAN Yen Capital (Paid Up) - 100,000,000.00 Reserve Fund .... 105,500,000.00 Undivided Profits - 9,346,622.43 MANILA BRANCH 600 DASMARIÑAS, MANILA K. YABUKI Manager PHONE 2-37-59—MANAGER PHOMP J 2-37-58—Export, Current Account, Cashier 1 2-37-55—Import, Accountant bottom. The tender sprouts make an excellent vegetable of pleasant nutty taste. In China the coba has been in cultivation at least since the 10th century, and it also is in cultivation in Indo-China. In Van ho, near Hanoi, it is grown on a large scale, the sprouts being marketed from October to January. In the Hanoi mar kets the coba is sold tied in bundles of ten some what like asparagus sprouts, but the coba is larger, 25 to 30 cm. long and 25 to 40 mm. across. Litsea sebifera.—The malai is a large hand some tree to 20 meters in height, native of the Malay Archipelago. The leaves are large, lanceolate to ovate-oblong, up to 45 cm. long Ag. Bu. Photo Sugar cane varieties introduced into the Philippines have made fortunes for progressive planters. and 12 cm. broad, and silvery velvet below when young. The fruit is roundish, flattened, 3 cm. or more across, reddish, with oily sweetish pulp. It is eaten steamed with rice by the natives. Europeans have found it of good taste mixed with lemon juice and madeira or brandy. It is also eaten after boiling water has been poured over the fruits until their color fades. The malai is one of the most commonly planted fruits in Banka, and comes into bearing at the age of 5 to 6 years. It is a close relative of the avocado. Momordica dioica.—The vahisi is a perennial climber growing from a large tuberous root, a native of India and the Malay peninsula below 1500 meters. The large yellow flowers are followed by oblong fruits up to 8 cm. long, co vered with soft spines. The vahisi is cultivated as a vegetable in India where both the fruits and the tubers are eaten. It is related to the chayote, which has proved so successful in Baguio. Borassus flabellifer.—The palmyra palm is a stout robust palm 30 meters high, with a trunk nearly a meter thick; probably a native of tro pical Africa south of the Sahara desert, but of ancient introduction into India to lndo-China and the Malay Archipelago, thriving from sea level to about 750 meters altitude. The leaves are fan-shaped, with spiny petioles. In general appearance this palm resembles the Philippine buri, from which it differs in that the large flower clusters grow from the leaf axils like the coconut. The fruits are roundish and black—-about 20 cm. in diameter, and contain one to 3 large seeds. The palmyra palm is one of the principal sources of palm sugar in India, obtained by tap ping the flower stems like the nipa and coconut. The tree begins to bloom at the age of 12 to 15 years, continuing for a period of 50 years. The tapping is done during the hot dry season and continues over 4 to 5 months, with a yield of 200 to more than 400 liters of sap per palm, which, aside from sugar, also is made into arrack and vinegar. The soft jelly-like pulp of the immature seeds is eaten raw. The sweetish flesh surrounding the seeds is also eaten raw, made into a refreshing drink, or it is pounded into pulp and diluted with water into a soft mass which is spread on leaves and sun-dried, in which form it makes an important food. In Bengal the flesh is mashed and mixed with flour and made into cakes and fried. The large seeds are covered with a shallow layer of soil, and as they germinate the tender sprouts are eaten as a vegetable or pickled. The leafstalks furnish a good brush fiber and the blades are used for making hats, mats, baskets and many other articles. The palmyra palm is the most important palm in south India and northern Ceylon, and plays a more or less important róle in the econo mic life of the people in Siam, Indo-China and the Malay Archipelago. It is very drought re sistant, and should be a useful tree in all parts of the Islands having a long dry season. Cavanillesia arbórea.—The barrigude is a large tree with a trunk up to 20 meters high, related to the kapok tree, native of Brazil. The broadly ovate leaves, about 15 cm. long, are clustered at the end of the twigs. The large red flowers bordered with white, are followed by five-winged fruits, 13 cm. long and 17 cm. across, each containing a single big seed or nut of good taste eaten roasted. Couepia uiti.—The uiti is a small tree belonging to the rose family and is also a native of Brazil, The small leaves are oblong and pointed, leath ery and shining above, and white and velvety below, up to 6 cm. long. The yellow fruit is egg-shaped, pointed at both ends, 12 to 16 cm. long, containing a yellow pulp of unpleasant odor but of good taste and much appreciated. Dioscorea bemandry.—The bemandry is a twining vine related to our ubi and tongo, found in northwestern Madagascar. It is peculiar in that a plant always produces twin tubers, which are long and smooth, 40 to 80 cm. long weighing 5 to 6 kilos each. They are tender, sweet and juicy, resembling a watermelon in taste, and are well liked in their native home. Dioscorea trifida.—The yampi is also a twining vine related to the ubi, but a native of South America and the West Indies where it is generally cultivated. The tubers are relatively small. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 10 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL July, 1929 WELCOME, GOVERNOR DAVIS! Governor General Dwight F. Davis arrived in Manila on the President Taft Monday morning, July 8, when we were going to press with this issue; brief excerpts of his inaugural speech appear on page three. Everyone joins in bidding him welcome, and in the ideals of insular administration he has expressed. We shall all observe the progress of the islands under his executiveship with marked interest. BUSINESS AS USUAL Sugar is in the cellar. Other export commodities are not very far from it, lumber excepted, yet the country displays an astonishing buying capacity and business proceeds as usual. The perceptible slump in the retail trade appears to be little more than the seasonal one always exper ienced at this period of the year. Rains are heavier, trade lighter for the time being. Men in piece goods are not happy, perhaps, from the piece meal manner in which merchants are buying. There are overstocks, which tend to be distress stocks; staple cottons may be bought cheaper in Manila just now, at least certain lines of them, than in New York. This is a bad condition, but piece goods will come back if the general level of business keeps on as it is. Dollars are at premium demand, the market doesnot keep pace with it, and banks resort to the treasury for transfers. That is, the value of export bills offered falls short of the import bills which must be taken up in gold. Another bad symptom this, but not actually terrifying. Confidence persists. The Philippines are so productive that they cannot easily be bankrupt, and the fact is becoming known. Confidence inspires confidence, and optimism has been aided by the outcome of the tariff legislation in Washington. The islands are left free entry for their products into the homeland market. There should be no banking on this, however; the situation has been temporized with, the fundamental ques tion remains as it was. There has been gain on but one point, which Osmeña brought to the fore in the discussion: it seems to be accepted among advocates of a tariff against the Philippines that independence should precede such action. That this alternative is not given serious thought, either here or in Washington, is truly a source of confidence. Vicente Villamin may yet contrive to win the admiration of his coun trymen. His disquisitions on Philippine economics never cease, he reaches the American public through the periodical press and from the platform, and he is now invading the land of cotton with the case for copra and coconut oil. It never rains but it pours, and it neither rains nor pours but that it later shines. Sugar has been a dismal outlook for a long time, but there is a bright lining to the cloud in the effect this has had on the machinery market. If a generally lower standard of prices is to prevail, then machin ery must be utilized on the plantations in substitution of the buffalo. The machinery market is good. We believe, however, it is not a tenth of what the market will be ten years hence. One man’s success in adapt ing machinery to his plantation needs implies the efforts of all his neighbors in the same direction, and we are just at the beginning of this movement. Again, every new machine lifts, if but slightly, the level of plantation wages. The man who drives a buffalo has nothing to buy from anyone; he wears no shoes, nor even chinelas; he makes his own hat, and his other clothes are a cotton undershirt and a pair of knee-length red-calico breeches. But the man who drives a tractor is middle-class; he must wear stout clothing, and he has a family to provide for. The money being expended oil public works, of which there seems never before to have been so large a steady volume pouring out of the treasury, is of course favorably influencing business; for it all goes into active circulation. Another factor in the puzzling situation is the extension of banking facilities, a process now quite definitely underway. But little money is coming into the islands, that upon which business is operating is for the most part directly from the soil of these islands. A lot of this money is coming into active circulation in the form of bank de posits, where heretofore it was hidden away.. This growing use of banks reflects the public confidence which really goes far to explain the fact that business in the Philippines proceeds much as usual during a prolonged and general market depression affecting all major commodities excepting lumber and rice. How long the volume of trade will keep up, with com modity prices down, is any man’s conjecture. But it may be remarked that all commodities of the farm and plantation still pay a net profit on the year’s operations. Sugar is not selling below production cost, where good management prevails; nor is copra, nor is hemp. Tobacco is a crop apart. Buying in the Cagayan valley has already begun, at prices well over those of last year because of the better quality of the leaf. Our leaf sold abroad goes principally to Europe, where a gradual industrial recovery may help toward higher prices. Prosperity in the Philippines moves with that in America, when the movement is upward, but it sometimes maintains a unique equilibrium when the trend in America is downward. The rent system prevailing here may account for this in part. It is the share system. Land taxes are moderate. If the renter gets little, he still lives; and if the landlord collects but little, at least a goodly share of what he does get is profit. It may not be a scientific profit, but it is one he is willing to spend; so the immediate effect is the same as if he were a good bookkeeper. Spend how? Why, traveling about, educating his children, courting lady luck, indulging pleasures, acquiring urban property and building a town house. These are all business stimulants. And prices may slump, but the planter who has moved to town stays right in town and finds ways and means of making both ends meet and keeping up two establishments—• if not indeed half a dozen. He helps makes business as usual. FARTHER NORTH Under its authorization of two years ago, the railroad is going to ex pend a million or two dollars in extending its main line north from Bauang Sur to San Fernando, La Union, and improving the port of Poro, where ocean ships may dock. These facilities ought to pay the railroad, they certainly will benefit the country. They will afford passenger ships carry ing tourist parties an opportunity to get their patrons into Baguio within an hour or two after leaving ship, and obviate the fatigues of the long motor ride (or train trip) from Manila to that mountain metropolis. While the primary objective of the project is local patronage, the fact that such conveniences will one day gain the islands the trade of the world traveler must never be lost sight of. When the Bikol line stretches unbroken from Tutuban to Legaspi, and San Fernando is a northern terminus, why not the railroad take a leaf from the history of the American transcontinental lines and establish a system of railroad hotels, places in keeping with the best the road can furnish in the way of rapid comfortable transportation? Very probably this experiment would turn out as Baguio has—provided for the American, patronized at last by the Filipino more than by all others together. ONE DECADE FOR TEN Director Hilado of the lands bureau comes forward with a plan to borrow $30,000,000 from investors in bonds in the United States and utilize the sum in completing the cadastral survey of the entire Philippines within one decade, instead of going ahead at the present rate and taking more than a century for the work—a time too long to be interesting to any single generation. We believe the Journal was among the first of Manila periodicals to advocate this plan, and to endeavor to enlist the interest of the government in carrying it out. It is something that ought to be done. Involving no additional taxation, since the cost of the work is all finally recovered from the land owners and settlers, valid objections to it seem too few to count. The lands director rightly states that clearing up the cadastral work will result in sound titles to land, and better farm credits. It will terminate litigations over land claims, and give value to farm mortgages. It should reduce the exorbitant interest on loans the farmer now pays, and give home steading the precise impetus which has been lacking, i. e., definite knowledge of boundaries and the government’s real ownership of the tract homestead ed. Nothing else is of greater economic importance to the islands than this, the final recommendation of Gilmore’s second ad interim term as acting governor of the islands. We are expertly advised that the plan is entirely feasible. Sound land titles attract Filipinos as readily as they do other peoples. Observe how briskly the various suburban additions to Manila are selling, the vitalizing element being the reliable titles the purchasers procure. These buyers are no sooner free from the mortgage to the real estate company, than they obligate themselves for a house. They pay high interest, perhaps 12 per cent, but they pay as they are able, monthly, and they are adquiring homes. With similar opportunities, Fili pinos would eagerly acquire farms. The Hilado plan is another means with which to tap the islands’ hidden wealth. July, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 11 Four Best Manila Newspapers June Editorials WASTED BRAIN POWER School days are again with us. In cities, towns and barrios, universities, colleges and grade schools will, until the end of the present school ear, be teeming with the youth of the land, in search of education. What education? Engineering colleges and institutes, medical, pharmacy, dental and law colleges will be over crowded with young men and young women, all going through the mill for a degree and a diploma. It is most inspiring, this educational race of the young people, everybody fired with the am bition to belong to the lettered class. Far be it from us to discourage the youth from turning back. Let all the people have a college degree, if that were possible. But let not such a degree stand between them and their own material well-being. In many instances it has come to that. Many a young man possessing a college degree has been rendered useless because of it. There are many, many wandering lawyers, pharmacists, dentists, scientific farmers, en gineers and other professionals who are forced to be at leisure even in the face of starvation, for the dignity of their college education will not permit them to engage in occupations which are considered lower than their professions. Why should such a condition come’ to exist among us, precisely at this stage of our national development when everybody is called upon to exert an effort in the common endeavor, in whatever capacity one can be useful, despite one’s education or college degree? * * * But that is the fact. And obviously things have come to such a pass through some errors or, perhaps, because of the lack of an effective system to guide the youth in acquiring an education that will be useful to them and to the country. Often, we hear lamentations of the waste of our manpower. * * * Why is education? Why does a young man or a young woman go to college? In many instances he or she does not know. Many a young person goes to college with not even a notion of why he is there. All he cares for is a degree. And the lack of a purpose naturally leads to his idleness after college. We believe that universities and colleges should be more unsparing, not only in the se lection of students who show fitness for higher education, but also be more solicitous of the welfare of the youth seeking education by help ing them to discover in what line of endeavor they will be more useful to themselves. College education would, indeed, be meaning less as it now happens to numerous college graduates who wander around seeking the end of the rainbow, were it not applied to some con structive work. College faculties should guide the students to discover thejir own inclinations, in what work they could Be of utmost service, what they love to do. And after they have been properly trained and made fit for such work, it is to be expected that, when the real commencement of their actual and practical life sets in, there will be less faltering and vacillations as to what they should do, and therefore, less idle professional wanderers and less waste of brain-power. * * * To some extent the parents of young persons who go to college are t© blame for the growing number of idle professionals. A baker or a butcher or a shoemaker or a tailor who has made a fortune in his trade sends his son to college to’ study law or medicine or pharmacy. His ambition is to make a professional of his son. He wants his offspring to belong to the lettered class. He wants his heir to be cultured, to be ac quainted with the Greek classics, to wear a cap and gown so that his picture in such academic garb may decorate his parlor. He would not have his heir learn the secrets of his trade, which has brought him wealth. Perhaps he considers his trade too lowly for his son. Perhaps his neighbor’s heir is now a lawyer. And his own son must also have a title. EDITORIAL SELECTIONS FOR JUNE Tribune, June 18.—The Davis Plat form. Selected by Professor Carl N. Taylor. ' Herald, June 2.—Wasted Brain Power. Selected by Professor Vicente M. Hilario. Times, June 28.—The School Tax. Selected by Professor Cristino Jamias. Bulletin, June 8.—No Time to Stop. Selected by Professor Verne Dyson. With the departure of Dr. George Pope Shannon from Manila, the Jour nal wishes to acknowledge his courtesy as the head of the English department of the University of the Philippines in arranging for a committee of English professors to judge each month the newspaper editorials and select the best one from each of the dailies published in English in Manila. A new hand will be at the helm next month.—Ed. This foolish idea of keeping up with the Jo neses is killing our small trades, the nerve centers of our bourgeoisie. And it is partly responsible for the growing number of our intellectual wanderers. Culture! One need not go to college to get acquainted with Plato, Aristotle or Aristophanes, or with Virgil, Seneca and Marcus Aurelius. Even a baker or a butcher can converse with them out of college. But what good can a speaking acquaintance with the ancient masters to do a college graduate if he lacks the solid comfort that a rich butcher or baker enjoys? For the sake of their children, rich traders should think also of this aspect of life outside the university campus.—Herald. THE DAVIS PLATFORM Governor General Davis has made public what may be regarded as the central plank of the platform of his administration. The new chief executive is for industrial development largely, if possible, with Filipino capital as its cornerstone, but jointly, if needs be, with outside help. He also gives his official assent to the new trend in education, vocational training in the schools. This announcement of what he intends to do here for the people of these Islands should be considered a policy intended for the present and for internal Philippine affairs. That would simplify matters. That would keep the next administration free of political entanglements, and the Filipino leaders as free, we believe, to take up the question of major political import direct with the Washington authorities. One of the results of the Harrison adminis tration, it would seem, is to create here a de lusion. He gave the impression that a governor general is powerful enough to tell both the President and Congress what to do and what not to do with respect to independence. On the face of it, that is absurd. That is erecting him dictator over the executive and the legislative departments of the American government. As former Governor General Stimson has well said, political separation from America is a question that is within the exclusive incumbency of Congress. The governor general is simply out of the picture. So the nationals of this country cannot be mistaken in limiting the significance of the announced policies of governors general to the realities of the present and to objectives having bearing on in internal questions before the country. Industral development is such a reality, and is, in objective, properly of internal import. The Filipinos, if they know what is to forge ahead in terms of the life of progressive countries, cannot afford to look askance at any governmental action tending to hasten their industrial development. Thus, even if Gover nor General Davis did not make mention of it, it would be only natural that the Filipino leaders find acceptable his program of industrial progress for the Philippines. In a sense, the Davis policies are a second chapter to those of former Governor Stimson. The emphasis in them is on material progress. Only the impractical dreamers, with their feet dangling leagues over the solid earth, will quarrel with the effort to hasten that material develop ment among the Filipinos as a problem purely internal and divorced from the national move ment for independence.—Tribune. THE SCHOOL TAX The two bills prepared by the department of finance, one providing for a tax of one peso on every male resident of the Philippines from 18 to 60 years old and the other setting aside 15 per cent of the gross income of each province, the fund thus accumulated to be devoted wholly to school purposes, are worth seriously consider ing by the legislature when it reopens next month. Objections may be raised to the one peso tax as it .may constitute an added burden on the poor. But'then it may be argued that unless the poor show more willingness to help the schools it will be impossible to accommodate their children who year in, year out, knock in vain at school doors for admittance. It is about time to thrust home the need of the mass as well as the well-to-do to help the public schools. After all, it is preferable for the father of a poor family with, say four or five children, to contribute one peso a year to the school fund rather than to see his offspring remain in abject ignorance. 'And it happens in most cases that the poorer a family is the more children there are in it. An additional tax of one peso may be earned by increased efforts and the education the children will get in exchange certainly can not be measured in terms of money.—Times. NO TIME TO STOP Some persons of the higher political strata are reported to be rather worried over the present graft investigations. The worry appears to be based upon political considerations. In other words there is political fright. Washing soiled linens in public is not the most delightful pastime for one in politics, because of the fear of furnishing ammunition for political enemies. But if the linens are dirty and growing dirtier the most practical thing is to get the laundering—disinfecting also if necessary—• done as speedily as possible. Although it usual ly is not realized, that is the safest course in the long run. Those getting rather shaky at the knees in connection with the present investigations would do well to remember that they will fare far worse if their political enemies ever get in power and start the house cleaning. Or to bring the matter more directly down to cases, the Nacionalistas who now hardly know what to do should think where they will be if the De mócratas come into power. The Demócratas certainly would make capital if they only could get the seats the Nacionalistas now have, if they could get control of the present investigations. In self defense, if for no higher reasons, the ones now in control should go though with what they have started, making the cleaning thorough. That is the most practical and effective means of strengthening their own position. This is no time to waver, no time to think of calling off the investigators and calling in the whitewashers. —Bulletin. 12 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL July, 1929 Babe and the Moon By Henry Philip Broad As soon as the emergency operation on Major Dexter was over, Colonel Gardner, chief surgeon of the military hospital, called aside Lieutenant Mary Howard, the gray-haired, pink-cheeked chief nurse who had stood at the door of the operating room, efficiency itself from white winged cap down to rubber-heeled shoes. “It will be urgent, Lieutenant, to detail a nurse, a special nurse on the case,” he said. “A reliable nurse—I am very much concerned about Dexter. This fall from horseback!” He shook a lean, disapproving head. “And the hot season full upon us!” Swiftly he dashed the rubber gloves into a basin which the nurse held out to him. “You have someone handy, Lieutenant?” “I think I have, Colonel,” said the chief nurse, after a little pause. Then, puckering her attractively dark brows, “There is Miss Low, just back from the States and then there is Miss Hermann. . . .” “With roses in their cheeks, and the latest wrinkle in dance-steps, what?” the chief surgeon interrupted, crossly. “This is no ordinary case, Lieutenant. Very much depends on the person who takes care of him, especially at night. I’ll be mighty glad if the wound sets up nothing worse than a violent fever.” He sighed wearily, and then, turning to the nurse again, continued his arrangements. “What I have in mind, Lieutenant, is a nurse—well, a nurse—not too young . . . and ... er . . . er . . . and above all things, not in the least good-looking!” Lieutenant Howard bent her fine gray head to hide an amused smile. Poor Colonel Gardner! Ever since his own son had fallen for a pretty face under a winged cap he had been of the obsession that nurses had nothing else on their minds but the capture of desirable husbands. Not that he was altoge ther wrong. Still there was a limit to every thing, even to such a complex. Well, she’d find the right person and allay his worried apprehen sions. “There is Babe Martin, Colonel,” she said. He threw up his hands in horror: “Babe, Babe! Lieutenant, What I am look ing for is a nurse—and not a debutante!” Here she burst out laughing heartily. “Ex cuse me, Colonel, but the idea of Babe as a debutante. ...” “But her name? Ever heard of a nurse with a name like- that?” “It’s because she’s small, Colonel. And something in her face—something about not caring for anything but her work. ... You know the type, Colonel.” “How old? Been out here long?” “Old? Why, thirty-five at least, but* at that she manages to look older than it is well for any nurse to look. A very good nurse, though, very conscientious. The ideal nurse, I may say —the kind you read of and that you so rarely find in actual life. . . . Her term? I think it expires in September. She insists on going home. All the others have asked for an exten sion of their stay here in Manila. Strange, she does not like the islands.” With her gray, gold-flecked eyes she looked up at her superior officer and added: “No fear with Babe, Colonel. Babe is no drawing-card with men.” “Well, she seems to qualify. I am rather sorry for poor Dexter, though.” Then, with a chuckle, he said: “Still, it’ll serve him right to be taken care of by an ideal nurse. The old madcap is always ready to fall for a pretty face. But let’s not be too hard on him, Lieutenant! Put this Babe person on night duty.” “That’ll be ideal, Colonel,” was her final response, as she handed him his gold-corded Stetson. Babe—or as the records had it—Miss Martha Martin, Second Lieutenant, Army Nurse Corps, U.S.A., was in the room she shared with Sally getting ready for another night of duty. How oppressive the heat! Even the night brought no relief. Just then Sally came in, wilted from after noon-duty. Poor Sally, thought Babe. So little suited to be a nurse, especially in the Phil ippines! Pretty, vivacious and always in love! Sally pulled off her dank white garments, throwing them in a heap on the floor; then, in her kimono, “Say, Babe, are you making your self beautiful for your gentleman case tonight?” Babe, pinning a cap on her pale-blond hair, did not reply. It was not the first time that Sally had teased her; nor was Sally the only one to indulge in the sport. “Evelyn says his fever ’s gone up something fierce.” Sally went on. “So you see, Babe my love, you needn’t bother, he won’t notice you.” “You must be tired as tired can be, Sally,” Babe retorted. “When you are as mean as that I know you are worn out. You had better go to bed and sleep it off.” “Go to bed, your great-grandma!” Sally shouted from the door. “What do you think? Don’t you know I am expecting a couple of callers?” Babe crossed the small garden in front of the nurses’ home and walked over to the hospital. She looked at the chart in the office. Fever had gone up, sure enough, but otherwise no change. How would it all end? Poor Major Dexter, lying there so helplessly, so hope lessly, she feared. Such a handsome man and so popular! Popular, yes, with his own set, of course, especially with the young married women of the regiment. . . . She sighed and cautiously stepped into the sick-room. It wras a long and narrow room, off which there was a screened sitting porch facing the front. The nurse in charge withdrew and Babe was alone with her patient. Pathetically thin he lay on the white army bed; his eyes were closed, yet he did not seem to sleep, for on the cover-let his hands were fidgeting restlessly. Poor worn hands, Babe Great Tonic RADIUM! is more than a delicious GLOBE! Natural Impregnated with It is absolutely free from every trace of microbio life and earthy deposits BEWARE OF IMITATIONS! INSIST ON TANSAN TANSAN tablewater, i IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL July, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 13 thought, in a man not yet forty. She sat down near the bed and slowly, rythmic ally began to stroke those hands. Now, apparently, he was sleeping quietly and she withdrew her hand; but almost imme diately he grew restless again. Her hand seemed to infuse him with quiet. And thus she sat for ten nights, stroking him into blissful oblivion, with strained watchfulness on her part, lest the slow unceasing rythm might lull her to sleep. As the days and nights passed still there was no change in Major Dexter’s condition. The chief surgeon was at his wits’ ends as he confided to the smiling head nurse: “The patient should be dead or alive, according to all known pre cedents.” And just now, he was neither. The reports on the chart repeated themselves in end less monotony, restless at times—asleep; rest less at times—asleep. This was the night nurse’s report. One night Colonel Gardner had gone to visit his patient at an inordinate hour and had found the head nurse’s judgment entirely substantiated. That pale blonde, that forgotten old maid would never make an im pression on Dexter if he ever took an interest again in women. The night that Babe was never to forget settled upon Manila in an ineffable halo of moonlight. As Babe unobtrusively enough passed the sala on her way to the hospital, Sally, comfortably ensconced in a deep, becoming Bilibid chair, called out: “Don’t get excited, Babe my love, if anything happens tonight. They say he is at his lowest.” “Miss Martin,” said the day-nurse, “orders from Colonel Gardner to call him in case . . . of any change. He will be at Mr. Lowe’s until midnight, and later at his quarters.” “Yes, it’s in the chart,” Babe answered, very much perturbed. Fever had gone to such height that it seemed impossible to have it and still be alive. The crisis, surely. She looked at her patient as he lay there so spent, so still. Even the hands twitched no longer. Like poor wind blown leaves they rested on the sheet. All strength gone already? She bent down to him. His pulse was slow, very slow . . . but it had been slower before. A last flicker of vitality? A final summing up of forces, perhaps? It might be a matter of hours, perhaps of minutes. She would have to call the Colonel soop. So she rearranged bottles and glasses on the small table near the bed, set things to rights again on the tiny dresser, and smoothed over the light blan ket. Babe was a conscientious nurse. Outside the world lay under the silver effusion of the moon. The flame-trees in the hospital courtyard wore wraps of shimmering gold through which the fire-flies wove an endless thread of glittering splendor. The acacias had folded their green-and-silver leaves as if in prayer. A hush had fallen like a heavy mantle upon all things. Only the gecko-lizards from their leafv fastnesses pierced with their weird staccato call the night that had not quite become day. The awful, awful stillness, Babe thought. The terrible quiet! As though the heart of the universe had ceased to beat. Thq,.eeriness of it. She felt painfully and utterly alone in an un friendly world. She would have given anything to have heard a human voice, to have had some one to talk to. It was just as Babe had reproved herself for an unbecoming case of nerves that the patient slowly opened his eyes. She watched him intently. This was a change. Hadn’t she better call the chief surgeon? Very slowly he turned his eyes upon her, looked long and intently, then closed them once more. A smile crept into his face, a smile of regret, she thought. The smile lingered, sadly illuminating the ravaged features. To her own amazement Babe’s eyes filled with tears. It was so sad to see a man die who knew he was dying, she explained the tears to herself, dashing them away excitedly. Before midnight the chief surgeon dropped in. The nurse reported the change. He waited a while, then left, shrugging sympathetic shoul ders: “It might take him until morning or even longer. ... I am to be called, nurse, in case. ...” “Yes, Colonel.” The door had scarcely closed on the physician than the patient opened his eyes once more and directed their full glance upen the nurse standing by the bedside. His lips were moving and she bent down to him. High up in the star-strewn firmament stood the moon. Very distinctly, in the perfect stillness of the night, she heard him whisper and bent closer to him. “Margaret”, he breathed. “Mar garet!” Babe drew back. Delirium was setting in. Too bad, too bad. With brimming eyes she reached for a small bottle, poured some of its contents into a spoon and approaching him said gently, “This will do you good.” He took it meekly, looking at her steadily, and then lay back. But the drug did not have the desired effect. A quarter of an hour passed in silence. Once more he directed his glance upon her. His eyes looked out pleadingly from the pale face, and moved by their mute insistence he sat down on the edge of the bed. He stretch ed out his hands to her: “Margaret!” He whispered again, “oh, my Margaret!” Now he took her hands and stroked them and she let him do it. Suddenly, with a weak, yet determined gesture, he raised her hand to his lips. She hastily withdrew it, brushing the bandaged forehead as she did so. Then with infinite reproach in entreating eyes and in a voice barely audible he pleaded: “You said you loved me, Margaret.” From high above the moon poured bewitch ing radiance into the room; and once more into the velvety stillness of the night his words cut a plaintive refrain: “But you said you loved me, Margaret!” Then something altogether unheard-of happen ed. Babe bent down to the sick men, she who had never bent to a man before! With a gesture infinitely tender she put her arms around him and into his ears, softly and sweetly, she whisper ed: “I do love you, dear.” Then he drew her to him and kissed her lips and she returned the caress, her first and—as she shiveringly told herself—his last! Twice more during the night he asked her if she loved him and each time she said she did, sealing her pledge with a kiss. {To be continued) PALACE THEATRE (VICENTE G. ALBERTO, Prop.) CALLE RONQUILLO, STA. CRUZ, MANILA TELEPHONE 2-64-49 We aim to give the best in the way of Perfect Entertainment Exclusive Philippine Distributors for “EXCELLENT” and “GOTHAM” Productions Dunlop experience of tire making commenced forty-one years ago, when they made pneumatic tires for the old high bicycles. Since then it has embraced tire performance on every variety of vehicle running on every kind of surface. ONLY DUNLOP EXPERIENCE COVERS THE WHOLE HISTORY OF THE PNEUMATIC TIRE IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 14 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL July, 1929 Recent Developments in Life Insurance Practice Among the recent developments in the life insurance world has been the life insurance trust. This form of trust dates back very few years, and only within the last three years has it assumed large proportions. This development requires the close coopera tion of both life insurance and trust companies, and in a few words, is generally arranged by depositing life insurance policies made payable to the trust company as beneficiary in trust for the person who is to receive the benefit of the trust. When the policies mature, either by the The Insular Life Assurance Co., Ltd. MANILA, P. I. Low rates iberal conditions ocal investments oans on real estates repayable monthly instalments, at ow interest If a mindful man with a fixed salary dies, he will only leave a small saving to his family FOR ABOUT P31.00 ANNUALLY our company guarantees the payment of Fl,000 to your wife or sons in case of death, or to the insured himself if he survives the policy. Call or write for particulars to: HOME OFFICE C. S. SALMON 4th Floor, Filipinas Bldg. 3rd Floor, Gachés Bldg Plaza Moraga, Manila, P. I. Escolta cor. T. Pinpin 11 P. O. Box 128 P. O. Box 734, Manila V. SINGSON ENCARNACION, President J. McMICKING, Manager In the case of a partnership, the question of buying out the interest of a deceased partner, if the business is to continue, is not one of desir ability but one of necessity. The death of a partner spells legal death for the partnership. Even if there is a partnership agreement provid ing for the purchase of a deceased partner’s interest, this agreement is only as good as the ability of the surviving partners to carry it out. It is therefore very clear that substantial funds must be available if the interest of a partner is to be purchased at his death and the most pracpolicy is written in two forms. Either to provide a monthly income for life for the beneficiary, guaranteed for a minimum term of years in the event of the beneficiary’s death, or to provide a guaranteed income for a certain' term of years until the beneficiary can adjust himself or herself to changed conditions. The income policy is usually one of at least two policies taken out by the head of the family to provide for the future. The other policy, calling for a lump sum at death to pay unpaid bills, funeral ex penses, hospital and doctor’s expenses which ordinarily accumulate at death, thereby enabling the beneficiary to enjoy the benefit from the income policy of all debts paid. This brings us to another development in the life insurance world, the programming of insur ance. Today, all well informed life insurance agents can act as advisors to their clients and by means of a well considered plan which can be put into force over a term of years as the client’s income expands, provide for an insurance program covering a “clean-up” policy, an income policy, additional policies for each child, and policies to cover any other particular need which may be called for due to the particular circumstances of the client, such as a policy to retire a mortgage. The placing of life insurance on the scientific basis reached by modern developments is such that the percentage of lapsed policies is decreas ing rapidly, for today the insurance agent acting in his capacity of advisor places policies with his clients which answer definite needs, thereby satisfying his client and causing him to make sacrifices to keep his program in full force. A properly sold policy rarely if ever lapses. The inclusion of the total disability clause making it possible for a policy to continue in force even though through physical disability the insured loses temporarily or permanently whole or part of his income, is another modern insurance convenience. —Contributed. HEADINGTON TREASURER death of the insured or the expiry of the endow ment period, then the proceeds are received by the trust company properly invested and the trust immediately begins to operate. The advantage of this arrangement is obvious. Instead of leaving insurance in a lump sum to inexperienced beneficiaries, the life insurance trust eliminates danger of poor investment and assures the beneficiary or beneficiaries a certain uninterrupted income for life, or for a term of years fixed by the trust. The insurance trust is also extensively used for business insurance; usually, for one of two general purposes: to provide a cash indemnity for the loss of a key man in a business, or to provide funds for the purchase of an interest belonging to the estate of a partner or member of a close corporation. Few people realize the value of a wage earner to his family. If a man is earning P5,000 per annum, figuring 5% as the maximum interest to be earned on a gilt edge security, then that man is worth P100,000 to his family. It is true that few if any wage earners earning the amount above mentioned can afford to pay the premium on a PT00,000 policy to replace his earning power after his death, but at least he can own sufficient insurance to provide after his death by means of an insurance trust, an income large enough to provide the necessities of life for his beneficiaries, if not for life, at least until such time as his children are able to earn their own living or until they are able to adjust themselves to a smaller income than that received during the lifetime of the father. Again, referring to the value of life insurance to those owning stock in a close corporation, it is certain that almost any business man would prefer to have his family receive the value of his stock than the stock itself. Also, those actively engaged in the management of such a business would much rather keep the stock in their hands than have an inexperienced bene ficiary or her legal representative vote the stock. tical way of providing these funds is through life insurance. Properly to handle this matter, the creation of a life insurance trust agreement setting forth the terms of the transaction and the agreement is essential. Of late years, the income policy is taking the place of a lump sum settlement it being generally known that the average beneficiary is not suf ficiently versed in financial affairs properly to handle a large sum of money. The income The West Coast Life Insurance Company offers a full line of modern life insurance contracts designed to meet every need of business or personal protection. For particulars and quotations consult the Philippine Branch Office West Coast Life Insurance Co. Kneedler Building Manila, P. I. Telephone 2-36-74 At the first directors’ meeting in July, John L. Headington was elected treasurer of the American Chamber of Commerce of the Philippine Islands, vice B. A. Green, who had resigned from the post to which he had given competent attention for many years. Mr. Headington is an old member of the directors’ board also. He is the manager of the Philippine Button Corporation and ex cellently qualified for the treasurership of the chamber of commerce. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL July, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 15' Origins of the Roman Catholic Churóh GIBBON—(Continued from June) its numbers, the character of the society may be affected by the virtues and vices of the persons who compose it; and every member is engaged to watch with the most vigilant attention over his own behavior, and over that of his brethren, since, as he must expect to incur a part of the common disgrace, he may hope to enjoy a share of the common reputation. When the Chris tians of Bithynia were brought before the tribu nal of the younger Pliny, they assured the proconsul that, far from being engaged in any unlawful conspiracy, they were bound by a solemn obligation to abstain from the commis sion of those crimes which disturb the private or public peace of society, from theft, robbery, adultery, perjury, and fraud. Near a century afterwards, Tertullian, with an honest pride, could boast that very few Christians had suffer ed by the hand of the executioner, except on account of their religion. Their serious and sequestered life, averse to the gay luxury of the age, inured them to chastity, temperance, eco nomy, and all the sober and domestic virtues. As the greater number were of some trade or profession, it was incumbent on them, by the strictest integrity and the fairest dealing, to remove the suspicions which the profane are too apt to conceive against the appearances of sanc tity. The contempt of the world exercised them in the habits of humility, meekness, and patience. The more they were persecuted, the more closely they adhered to each other. Their mutual charity and unsuspecting confidence has been remarked by infidels, and was too often abused by perfidious friends. It is a very honorable circumstance for the morals of the primitive Christians, that even their faults, or rather errors, were derived from an excess of virtue. The bishops and doctors of the church, whose evidence attests, and whose authority might influence, the professions, the principles, and even the practice of their con temporaries, had studied the Scriptures with less skill than devotion; and they often received, in the most literal sense, those rigid precepts of IV. But the primitive Christian demon strated his faith by his virtues; and it was very justly supposed that the divine persuasion, which enlightened or subdued the understanding, must, at the same time, purify the heart, and direct the actions, of the believer. The first apologists of Christianity who justify the innocence of their brethren, and the writers of a later period who celebrate the sanctity of their ancestors, display, in the most lively colors, the reformation of manners which was introduced into the world by the preaching of the gospel. As it is my inten tion to remark only such human causes as were permitted to second the influence of revelation, I shall slightly mention two motives which might naturally render the lives of the primitive Chris tians much purer and more austere than those of their Pagan contemporaries or their degenerate successors; repentance for their past sins, and the laudable desire of supporting the reputation of the society in which they were engaged. It is a very ancient reproach, suggested by the ignorance or the malice of infidelity, that the Christians allured into their party the most atrocious criminals, who, as soon as they were touched by a sense of remorse, were easily per suaded to wash away, in the water of baptism, the guilt of their past conduct, for which the temples of the gods refused to grant them any expiation. But this reproach, when it is cleared from misrepresentation, contributes as much to the honor as it did to the increase of the church. The friends of Christianity may acknowledge without a blush that many of the most eminent saints had been before their baptism the most abandoned sinners. Those persons who in the world had followed, though in an imperfect manner, the dictates of benevolence and pro priety, derived such a calm satisfaction from the opinion of their own rectitude as rendered them much less susceptible of the sudden emo tions of shame, of grief, and of terror, which have given birth to so many wonderful conversions. After the example of their divine Master, the missionaries of the gospel disdained not the society of men, and especially of women, oppres sed by the consciousness, and very often by the effects, of their vices. As they emerged from sin and superstition to the glorious hope of im mortality, they resolved to devote themselves to a life, not only of virtue, but of penitence. The desire of perfection became the ruling pas sion of their soul; and it is well known that, while reason embraces a cold mediocrity, our passions hurry us, with rapid violence, over the space which lies between the most opposite extremes. When the new converts had been enrolled in the number of the faithful, and were admitted to the sacraments of the church, they found themselves restrained from relapsing into their past disorders by another consideration of a less spiritual, but of a very innocent and respectable nature. Any particular society that has depart ed from the great body of the nation, or the religion to which it belonged, immediately be comes the object of universal as well as invidious observation. In proportion to the smallness of For Your Electrical Work Phone MORA 2-32-40 MORA ELECTRIC CO., INC. 7 CALLE SODA MANILA, P. I. CHARTERED BANK OF INf¿AD’ cahüintaralia Capital and Reserve Fund............................................£7,000,000 Reserve Liability of Proprietor.................................... 3,000,000 MANILA BRANCH established 1872 SUB-BRANCHES AT CEBU, ILOILO AND ZAMBOANGA Every description of banking business transacted. Branches in every important town throughout India, China, Japan, Java, Straits Settlements, Federated Malay States, French Indo-China, Siam, and Borneo; also in New York. Head Office: 38 Bishopsgate, London, E. C. T. H. FRASER, Manager. Manila. Christ and the apostles, to which the prudence of succeeding commentators has applied a looser and more figurative mode of interpretation. corruption. Ambitious to exalt the perfection of the gospel above the wisdom of philosophy, the zealous ¡ ITH the coming of Governor General W Dwight F. Davis, donor of the Davis Cup and thrice national doubles champion, tennis will be more in vogue than ever. We have every thing for the game, notably Dayton Steel and Ban croft Rackets. SQUIRES BINGHAM CO. 15 Plaza Goiti Manila, P. I. Phone 2-13-01 fathers have carried the duties of self-mortifica tion, of purity, and of patience, to a height which it is scarcely possible to attain, and much less to preserve, in our present state of weakness and A doctrine so extraordinary and so sublime must inevitably command the venera tion of the people; but it was ill calculated to obtain the suffrage of those wordly philosophers who, in the conduct of this transitory life, con sult only the feelings of nature and the interest of society. There are two very natural propensities which we may distinguish in the most virtuous and liberal dispositions, the love of pleasure and the love of action. If the former is refined by art and learning, improved by the charms of social intercourse, and corrected by a just regard to economy, to health, and to reputation, it is pro ductive of the greatest part of the happiness of private life. The love of action is a principle of a much stronger and more doubtful nature. It often leads to anger, to ambition, and to revenge; but when it is guided by the sense of propriety and benevolence, it becomes the parent: of every virtue, and if those virtues are accom panied with equal abilities, a family, a state, or an empire may be indebted for their safety and prosperity to the undaunted courage of a single (Please turn to page 18) IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENUS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 16 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL July, 1929 A Triumph of the Cross Over Majesty By Francisco de AGUAREñA Sometime Private Secretary to His Excellency Don Diego de Salcedo, Governor and Captain-General for His Majesty King Philip IV, in the Philippine Islands. 1663-1668 (As Translated and Arranged by Percy A. Hill) Synopsis.—A typical prolonged dispute is developing between the royal gov ernor of the Philippines, D. Diego de Salcedo, and the friars. A Dutch ship, bringing friars from China, is ordered by the governor to put back to sea—Salcedo depising the heretical Dutch who harass his king’s empire. Murmurs of inquisi torial proceedings are overheard in an inn, by the mother of the narrator’s mistress. The narrator, clerk to the governor, is peremptorily sent for, at midnight, the gov ernor simply writing “Come at once—Diego.” CHAPTER III IN WHICH IS RELATED THE FURTHER DETAILS OF THE PLOTTING AGAINST HIS EXCELLENCY BY HIS ENEMIES WHO BANDED TOGETHER UNDER THE ROBE OF THE CHURCH TO DESTROY HIM. I dressed in haste, as the occasion demanded. A ruffled jacket, pantaloons of point and a heavy cloak, not forgetting to buckle on a swdrd which had a good blade made in Toledo. ' Marieta asked where I was going and I replied that Don THE POPULAR AND RECOGNIZED “MAYON” COOKING STOVES REGISTERED AND PATENTED BY CIRIACO TUASON The “Mayon” cooking stoves are generally used in all parts of the Philip pines, because they are economical and can take easily the place of any other stove.. For sale exclusively in our fac tory at 1174-1188 Agno, Manila. We are obliged to secure a patent for the manu facture of the “Mayon” cooking stoves in order that the public may not be defrauded by the various imitations which are modeled after our noted and exclusive in vention. This is the patent of the “Mayon” cooking stoves which is conceded by the Patent Commis sioner of the United States to Ciriaco Tuason and Sons. We manufacture also different kinds of mosaics tiles, cement pipes and gutters, roof tile, granite imitation, balausters, flower-pots and other articles made of cement for ornamental and miscellaneous purposes. C. Tuason & Sons, Inc. (Founded in MDMXXI) Office and Factory: Phone off. 5-71-29 1174-1188 Agno, Malate Res. 5-44-20 Diego had called me to the palace and I must go in haste. She said she would accompany me, as she had to return there early in any event. The night was as dark as a wolf’s mouth and the rain still came down in tonents. We had to 'traverse calles Victoria, Santa Potenciana and Palacio before we arrived at the palace, at the end of Palacio, between calles Postigo and Arzobispo and the Audiencia. At frequent intervals the stormy gusts of rain added to our nervousness. A closed coach passed us, and, being close to one of the hanging street lanterns, I was surprised to see that the coachman was none other than Padre Juan, a Franciscan fiiar. Without any untoward incident we arrived at the palace, and were halted and recognized by the guards on duty. Entering the palace, Marieta passed into the inner chamber or linen room, while I re mained in the antechamber until his excellency called for me. Marieta, however, came out a moment later, saying the governor was waiting for me in his cabinet. Leaving my cloak and sword, I entered and found his excellency in his night clothes. He was seated at a desk on which were an infinite number of papers and dispatches in disarray. He was biting his under lip and his clenched hand lay upon the desk. He in dicated that I be seated close to the table de dicated to affairs of state, upon which were a pile of bound archives. I sat down without a word, and awaited his pleasure. Some time transpired in silence. Then, in a suffocated voice, he said: 1 Tn the defense of his majesty’s interests and those of Spain I have made many hatreds and enemies. I expect that all governors in these islands have done the same. Some have bowed to other powers too craven to defend the interests of his majesty, but I cannot do so. I have confidence of loyal servants to aid me in this task which God in his infinite wisdom has laid upon me. I am furthermore resolved to see that the laws of his majesty are complied with in these far-off islands. Can I expect unswerving loyalty and confidence from you?” To this I replied, “I am your loyal and humble servant in all that I can accomplish to help your excellency and for his majesty, whom God guard many years. My life is his to command.” “in that case,” he continued, “I order you to take note of all good Spaniards in wh ' we can trust, but do this circumspectly and ort to me, and may God and Spain reward yo To morrow go amongst the friars, and con nts, listening to the general news circulating. R ort this to me without altering anything, so th AI may be en rapport with all that is taking placé ” Here I was tempted to tell him of the news had heard from Marieta in the early part of the evening, but, for a certain diffidence regaiding my querida Lutgarda, I refrained for the mo ment, and I was also thinking of the sad position I would be in, by making an enemy of the dread ed Inquisition. A loud noise outside brought my thoughts to the immediate present—the clash of arms, swords and pikes, in front of the palace, mingled with the cries of several men, after which reigned a sepulchral silence, broken only by the falling rain. With the rapidity of the practised officer, I saw his excellency gird on his sword above his night clothes, and rush out into the main re ception-hall. I grasped my sword and cloak and joined him as he descended the wide stair case, plainly hearing the terrified voice of Ma rieta as she intoned the seven mysteries, in her utter trepidation, in the adjoining chamber. As we reached the ground floor, we saw Sergeant Manuel de Alfeñique with two of the six guards on duty. He explained that two unknown persons dismounted from a coach and attempted to enter the palace, making certain signs. As they refused to give their names to the sentinels or disarm themselves, as in custom, a scuffle had taken place, the strangers defending themselves with dexterity, until, hearing us descending tne stairs, they had taken to flight in all haste. After this incident we returned upstairs and I repeated my loyalty to his excellency's orders. When leaving, I exhorted Marieta to watch over his excellency, who was surrounded by many unworthy enemies. After her protests of fidelity, I left the palace. Before leaving, IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL July, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 17 however, I became aware that Marieta herself had illicit relations with the cook of his excel lency, a native of Pampanga, called Pedro Advincula. He was of middle age, his mixed descent was betrayed by a Roman nose, though he was of dark complexion, but his other features did not give any great faith in reposing any confidence in him. Furthermore, I dimly sus pected that perhaps Marieta herself had pre vious knowledge of the attack on his excellency, all of which perturbed me in no slight manner. I made my way to calle Cabildo, and, arrived home safely, I smoked a cigar. It was then nearly daybreak, but I had no great desire to sleep, but laid myself down and sought rest, in spite of the torrents of rain that lashed the city. Shortly I heard the clanging of the church bells, echoed by those farther off, their tones being carried across the Pasig by the gusts of the tempest. It was about ten o’clock when I awoke, or rather when Lutgarda wakened me, bringing with her a morning cup which she declared was the best for wet and rainy weather. This was a decoction of tea, sugar and ginger imported from China, which she called tahu of agreeable taste, piquant and somewhat aro matic. Afterwards I dressed and sallied out into the street. The calles were full of swirling puddles; shoes were out of the question, and I was forced to take mine off. As the rain still fell, few people were abroad. Near the crossing of Arzobispo street I met some vendors of bananas cooked in flour and lard. I bought a few of these to reinforce my slender breakfast of tahu, but lamented this later on as they caused me a severe indigestion. The churches had begun to ring for late mass and various groups of people were going in through their portals. As for myself, I abstained from the holy sacrifice, as I desired speech with the sacristan of San Francisco, an old friend, from whom I expected to gather some news of the daily happenings. He was liked by all the Francis cans. Diego Anialdo, a native of the Villa de Arevalo (Iloilo) in Panay, had been brought to Manila while very young by an Augustinian friar. He was, however, in Binunduc, (Binondo), a suburb, visiting some friends, I was informed by the door keeper, but to return at midday. I waited some time, but as he did not arrive and it began to darken up and promise rain, I made my way towards the palace. On my way I met a number of persons in conversation near the Ayuntamiento and re cognized several of them, among others the master of camp, Don Augustin de Cepeda, who was old and almost in his dotage; but like all Spaniards in this country, uncommonly fond of secret intrigue and fiercely attached to the church party. With him was Rayodoria, the arch plotter, the burly Juan Tirado and Nicolas Muñoz de Pamplona. The master of camp said, “I can not tolerate this suspense. His excellency was not at morning mass, something must have occurred at the palace, or he must be sick.” The alcaldes Rayodoria and Muñoz shook their heads in the negative, saying, “All this suspense is bad; that which commences bad ends bad.” Later I was to understand the meaning of these remarks, but for the present the day passed without extraordinary happenings, but its events brought in their train that which led up to the final act. CHAPTER IV IN WHICH IS SET FORTH THE CONFLICTS BE TWEEN HIS ILUSTRISIMO THE ARCHBISHOP POBLETE AND HIS EXCELLENCY DON DIEGO SAL CEDO, AND OTHER EVENTS WHICH FIGURE IN THE HISTORY OF THE TIMES. On August 28, 1667, I arrived at the palace a few hours late, and after the ushers and staff had commenced their daily routine. I was seated at my desk copying some orders when the chief usher announced the arrival of a cer tain personage with passports and credentials from his majesty and desiring an interview with his excellency. I was sent to lead him to the audience chamber. I found in the anteroom a person clad in the black habit of the Society of Jesus, of tall stature and ruddy with the health of middle age. He possessed an eagle nose and his features preserved a marked seren ity, while his manner bespoke the educated man and the courtier. He was Don Diego de Cartagena, an expelled Jesuit (a former friend of the king who had been sent or banished to the Philippines by his ma jesty’s orders, perhaps to cover up some es capade of his own, as was the custom of the epoch. His excellency received the visitor with marked courtesy. After taking the seat proffered him, close to his excellency’s desk, the visitor unrolled from a parcel he carried beneath his arms some sealed documents and dispatches which he delivered with a courtly bow to the captain general. “I ask help from your excellency,” said the visitor, “because I expect that others to whom I make my address will pay little attention to these orders I carry.” “Never mind,” said his excellency, while I am here the orders of his majesty will always be obeyed by me. Whether these will be agreeable to other personages here Did You Ever Wish You Had A Third Hand? A Westinghouse Light and Power Plant is worth a dozen hands to you! Tn addition to lighting your home, it will supply electrical energy to pump your water, to sharpen your tools—to do the many things which now take your time from pressing tasks. And the really wonderful thing about theWestinghouse T ight and Power Plant is that it is so easy to operate—and so economical to own. Investigate the Westinghouse Light and Power Plant today. Your dealer will gladly give you all necessary details. Macleod and Co 154 Marques de Comillas MANILA Branches in Iloilo, Cebu, Davao and Vigan. ___________________________ — Westinghouse who do not care for me, will be of little import ance. I command here in the Philippines and I hope to see others respect the name of his majesty as I respect it, and shall endeavor to have them render him equal respect.” A short while later his excellency had me indite a letter to his ilustrisimo the archbishop and the ecclesiastical cabildo to dispose of the matter relatives to Don Diego de Cartagena in conformity with the orders of his majesty, King Philip IV. (This was the granting of a living, ración, within the power of the archbishop, and so ordered expressly by the king). While the illustrious personage was preparing to take his leave, I hastily made two clean copies of the letter, placed the original in the archives, and gave the other to a guard of the palace to deliver personally to his grace, and the other to Don Diego de Cartagena. It was about IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 18 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL July, 1929 three o’clock in the afternoon of the same day, when the chief usher announced the visit of another illustrious personage, Archbishop Poblete. The usher announced him in a powerful voice, and his excellency, in an equally powerful voice, said, “Let him pass into my cabinet.” Without much of the usual courtesy, his ex cellency desired the bishop to be seated and inquired the nature of his visit, expressing his pleasure in seeing the very reverend and illus trious archbishop of Manila at the palace. Without much beating about the bush on his part either the archbishop said, “Your excel lency must comprehend that it is impossible to comply with the order of his majesty which your excellency has transmitted to me. The racion desired from the ecclesiastical cabildo cannot be given to an expelled member of the Jesuits. Besides, it is contrary to the statutes so provided by the church that this should be done, from all of which your excellency sees that it is an order impossible to comply with.” Pallid and trembling with anger, the captain general stood up and in a convulsive voice re plied as follow : “Do all you can faithfully to comply with this order of his majesty, the king. I as one of his faithful vassals, as long as I have power to govern in the Philippines, will never permit that an order of our lord and majesty shall remain uncomplied with. If my orders trans mitted to you are insufficient for obedience, I shall find ways and means, even to the sacrificing of my life in his service. I shall not consent to the fact that there are in these islands two powers who command, for it would be fatal to all con cerned. I therefore advise your grace to comply with the order you have received. If not, I will see that it is complied with by force. One must obey if he expects to be obeyed. Com ply with this as a good vassal of his majesty.” The Archbishop replied hotly: “I protest against such an imposition! Your excellency understands that we ecclesiastics deserve more respect, both by our office and situation. For this, I pray you withdraw the order, at least for some time.” “No!” shouted his excellency. “I will not withdraw the order! That would be rank disobedience and your grace cannot dare to make a joke of the King’s order. No, a thousand times, no! The Church of God desires its name to be respected and venerated, and to gain this must respect in turn the orders of the king and not to disobey them. Go, then, and comply with the order!” “I protest with all proper respect to your excellency, and must place myself on record that it is not possible to comply with this order, illegal and contradictory to the statutes of the Church,” reiterated the archbishop. “Go, and comply,” repeated the angry governor. “Guard! Conduct this person from my cabinet! Conduct him outside the palace. Today I will see what means are needed for obedience to a royal order!” One of the palace guards entered the cabinet. Taking the prelate by the arm, after religiously crossing himself, he conducted him out of the chamber. Great drops of perspiration were visible on the forehead of the archbishop, who from age and perturbation could scarcely sustain his footsteps while passing through the ante chamber; while the equally nervous captain general ordered me to prepare two royal pro visions on parchment, one of these being an order of banishment of the prelate to Mariveles, • in case he refused to comply with the order coming from his majesty. The afternoon closed with gloomy forbodings in reference to these royal provisions. The humid weather gave signs ^)f an approaching storm. To make things more sad, a woman from Ermita, named Práxedes Cuyugan, who looked like a witch, brought the news that a strange sickness that seemed epidemic was attacking the people of that suburb, which the clergy referred to as a punishment from divine providence. The night set in with heavy winds and lashing rains as if nature itself pre luded the struggle about to take place—that of church and state. The written orders of the captain general were approved by the Royal Audiencia next day, and 1 retired quite late to my house after the labors and excitements of the last two days. (Continued in August) Origins of the Roman Catholic Church GIBBON—(Continued from page 15) man. To the love of pleasure we may therefore ascribe most of the agreeable, to the love of action we may attribute most of the useful and respectable, qualifications. The character in which both the one and the other should be united and harmonized would seem to constitute the most perfect idea of human nature. The insensible and inactive disposition, which should be supposed alike destitute of both, would be rejected, by the common consent of mankind, as utterly incapable of procuring any happiness to the individual, or any public benefit to the world. But it was not in this world that the primitive Christians were desirous of making themselves either agreeable or useful. The acquisition of knowledge, the exercise of our reason or fancy, and the cheerful flow of unguarded conversation, may employ the leisure of a liberal mind. Such amusements, however, were rejected with abhorrence, or admitted with the utmost caution, by the severity of the fathers, who despised all knowledge that was not useful to salvation, and who considered all levity of EVERYTHING FOR MEN It’s as easy and econom ical to be well dressed as otherwise! Broadcloth, with New De parture Laundry Shrunk Collars, they make any man who wears them look like the proverbial million dollars. HAllmarR BRIAR BROADCLOTH with “NEWDEPARTURE” PALM BEACH SUITS Ready-to-wear palm beach suits are better-looking than drill and alpaca, and, cut with the precision of style and good taste that marks Beck’s Suits, they fit like wall paper, and are cool, comfortable and long-wearing. Let Beck’s be your tailor. Our Thermo garments in selected wool make outdoor sports a more genuine pleasure—they’re handsome protection from the weather! The well-dressed man will buy and wear Hallmark Shirts—tailored to fit at the neck, and under the arms. Made of Briar A full-line of hand-tailored ties—the latest from Broad way. Come in and see, you'll stay to buy. COLLEGIAN BELTS with and without buckles GYMNASIUM TRUNKS boy’s and men’s BATHROBES latest wrinkles SPORTS HANDKERCHIEFS and Socks THERMO VESTS BECK’S DEPARTMENT STORE ESCOLTA discourse as a criminal abuse of the gift of speech. In our present state of existence the body is so inseparably connected with the soul, that it seems to be our interest to taste, with innocence and moderation, the enjoyments of which that faithful companion is susceptible. Very dif ferent was the reasoning of our devout predeces sors; vainly aspiring to imitate the perfection of angels, they disdained, or they affected to dis dain, every earthly and corporeal delight. Some of our senses indeed are necessary for our pre servation, others for our subsistence, and others again for our information; and thus far it was impossible to reject the use of them. The first sensation of pleasure was marked as the first moment of their abuse. The unfeeling candidate for heaven was instructed, not only to resist the grosser allurements of the taste or smell, but even to shut hi^ ears against the profane har mony of sounds, and to view with indifference the most finished productions of human art. Gay apparel, magnificent houses, and elegant furniture, were supposed to unite the double RAYON MEN’S UNDERWEAR —smooth as silk, cool as cotton! PAJAMAS wide choice of materials, colors and patterns HIGH-QUALITY LOUNGING ROBES HANDKERCHIEFS silk, linen and cotton THERMO COATS IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL July, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 19 guilt of pride and of sensuality; a simple and mortified appearance was more suitable to the Christian who was certain of his sins and doubt ful of his salvation. In their censures of luxury the fathers are extremely minute and circum stantial; and among the various articles which excite their pious indignation we may enumerate false hair, garments of any color except white, instruments of music, vases of gold or silver, downy pillows (as Jacob reposed his head on a stone), white bread, foreign wines, public saluta tions, the use of warm baths, and the practice of shaving the beard, which, according to the expression of Tertullian, is a lie against our own faces, and an impious attempt to improve the works of the Creator. When Christianity was introduced among the rich and the polite, the observation of these singular laws was left, as it would be at present, to the few who were ambitious of superior sanctity. But it is always easy, as well as agreeable, for the inferior ranks of mankind to claim a merit from the contempt of that pomp and pleasure which fortune has placed beyond their reach. The virtue of the primitive Christians, like that of the first Ro mans, was very frequently guarded by poverty and ignorance. (Continued in August) The Modern Muse Long years ago there sat beneath a tree A muse, possessed of lovely, winning grace; Entwined with ivy was her hair, her face Filled souls of men with nameless ecstasy. And ever was she satisfied to be Alone, as seated in some leafy place She sent a vagrant song through space With fingers that were light and deft and free. But now her hair is shingled, and her eyes Have turned from starlight to an earthy hue; No longer does she don a classic guise, But shows herself a Rhapsody in Blue. She does not care to strum a harp alone, So fashions song upon a saxophone. —A. R. E. Just a Word on Shannon’s Work in Manila George Pope Shannon Dr. George Pope Shannon, head of the English department of the University of the Philippines during the past three years, will leave Manila for a similar post in the University of New Mexico at Albuquerque before another issue of the Journal is out, so it is desired to bid him bon voyage here, and to say just a few words about his work. He is young, but intensely scholarly; he is endowed with an exemplary character, unswerving in adherence to good principles of manhood; his personality, 4iis native talents and his educational attainments combine to make him peculiarly fit to instruct youth and inspire young men to genuine effort in search for knowl edge. Mrs. Shannon has been with him in Manila, and in the English work at the University; both deserve the commendation they have received, and the friendships they have made and will not forget. Dr. Shannon went about his task of directing university instruction in English most sensibly. The course is such as that in American univer sities. Dr. Shannon studied this question, but did not feel qualified to resolve it; so he did not destroy what had been done before he came, but he built upon what he found established. He encouraged his students to write in English, with the result that the grist of English com positions of every sort, from University under graduates, is more voluminous and of higher quality every year. The University’s literary annual attests this, as do the columns of the newspapers on which Filipinos are editors and reporters. With correct insight, Dr. Shannon intro duced a course in Greek and Roman mythology at the University to familiarize Filipino students with the common allusions in English literature and enable them to grasp more fully the sense of their English studies. The new course in me dieval literature serves the same purpose. Skill in the accurate expression of thought in English will come of this—in time. Dr. Shannon has the scholar’s appreciation of the long way that lies between the beginner’s aspirations and the seasoned student’s achievements. The per manent value of his deanship of English at the University will prove to be the thoroughness with which he proceeded in all the work, without patience with loafing nor a vain ambition to undertake too much. —W. R. THE WHITE EMPRESS OF THE PACIFIC EMPRESS OF ASIA EMPRESS OF FRANCE EMPRESS OF RUSSIA 16900 tons 18400 tons 16800 tons To CANADA, UNITED STATES and EUROPE QUICKEST TIME ACROSS THE PACIFIC CANADIAN PACIFIC STEAMSHIPS 14-16 CALLE DAVID MANILA, P. I. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 20 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL July, 29 Three More Poems by Gilbert S. Perez Jane Jeanne was the flickering, friendly flame Of a candle light That soothed me and crooned me to sleep in The evening shadows; But Jane is the cold and pitiless Incandescent glare That murders the shadows and tears down My castle of dreams. Bacoor The bamboos sway In the light gray mist Of an early May Typhoon; They creak and they moan As they lean Over the lichen covered Stones Of the crumbling walls That cradle the dead In old Bacoor. And Old Mother Earth Swings her feathery Plumes As she croons Her endless lullaby Of eternal sleep; While under a dark Mimosa Three paces away From the wall, Are the graves of three Who knocked in vain At the heavily padlocked Gate. But what they did And how it was done Is a secret that few can tell; So they sleep—outside— And the wandering goats Graze over the grassy mounds. Two of the graves Are a meter apart, And the other Three meters away. Here lies the lover And beside him Eve, With Adam, outside Eden, Whose stubborn gates are closed. Or it is Menelaus, Paris, and Helen whom they loved. Roads of Old Bohol How glad I was To see once more The coral roads of old Bohol, The white paths by the sea Where, with that witless recklessness Of flaming youth, I threw away A year’s piece of my life; And further on a brief day’s crumb Of languorous existence Beside the bubbling sparkling Icy crystal pool Ten meters from The brackish sea Beyond the Lila fishtraps Beyond the Loay bridge. The coral roads of old Bohol Still wend their way Like gleaming marble rivulets Across the hills And over the cliffs And on to Anda pass. TOBACCO REVIEW Alhambra Cigar and CigaretU Manufacturing Cp. Raw Leaf: — Trading in local grades continued very quiet during June. Most of the 1929 crop in Cagayan province has been bought up at prices averaging higher than obtain in the Manila market for old crops. Exports show a consider able increase over May figures, due exclusively to shipments to the regies of Spain, France and Korea. Comparative fig ures are as follows: Rawleaf Stripped Tobacco and Scraps Kilos Australia......................................... 1,442 France............................................. 777,161 Hongkong....................................... 33,291 Java................................................ 2,226 Korea............................................. 105,336 North Africa.................................. 15,341 North Atlantic (Europe)............. 58,856 Spain.............................................. 1,461,708 Straits Settlements........................ 1,798 United States................................ 74,758 Uruguay......................................... 9,614 2 541 531 May, 1929.............................. ’344’094 June, 1928.............................. 2,021,131 Cigars:—The business with the United States continues on its downward trend. Comparative figures for shipments to the United States are as follows: June, 1929............... abuut 11,300,000 May, 1929.............................. 11,702,817 June, 1928.............................. 17,908,208 THE RELIABLE LAMP ELMAC INC. P. O. Box 625 MANILA 627 Rizal Ave. T~NQR office and street wear this model is a favorite with most men. Roomy, neat, well designed and made of fine materials through out. See them at any HIKE store. Wear a pair for comfort. HIKE SHOE FACTORY STYLE CREATORS 286 SAN MARCELINO MANILA, P. I. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL July, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 21 From One Friend To Another By Anne Miltimore Pendleton One of the Order of Friends discourses upon the transitory existence of Ameri canos in the Philippines and the prudence (or imprudence, according to the reader’s own inference) of acquiring a little spot of God’s earth here and building a house upon it which by the kindness of time and the sufferance of conjugal union may become that Victorian institution known as home. Now hath the season returned when the Heavens be disposed to empty themselves of their contents, not in conscious, righteous gentle showers from Heaven as the great Shakespeare might say, but in heathenish howls of rage, with much beating of tom toms, and flashings of fire, and most unholy liquidaceous down pourings of exceeding great force, the which do last but an hour or so at a time, but do in that time cause me to fear the while for the sudden cessation of the Universe, but as yet, nothing of the sort hath happened, else would I not be calmly writing to thee this beautiful morning. As a result of these deluging cloudbursts, the earth hath taken unto itself a new appear ance; vines of many kinds which but a day before seemed leafless dead roots, now lovingly embrace all the trees, clothing them with a leafy verdure of most amazing luxuriance that cannot but cause one to suck in one’s breath and marvel that Nature can be such a profligate. As for the grass, it groweth not in seemly fashion, but fairly leapeth from the earth over night, so that I befear me it shall soon over whelm, overtop, and completely enshroud us till we shall be as the Liliputians beneath the feet of Gulliver. . But of weather, enough. There be other things of which I fain would speak with thee. But first of all, I would thank thee for thy kind letter of most interesting purport and content, the like of which do comfort me greatly and causeth me to know that a true friend is “like unto the salt of the earth.” Truly, are my friends unto me like as all his wealth of jewels is unto a king. I entreat thee that thou wilt not depart from the way of thy friendship with me. Often and often do I thank the Heavenly Father of us all for that He hath delivered thee and mine other friends into mine heart. And for thee and them and my loves doth my heart sing songs of thanksgiving day and night. Yea, though the Lord hath dealt me much suffering and «sorrow, yet, verily, hath He tempered them with love and friendship, and for this will I praise Him unto the end of my days. And now would I tell thee of the doings of the Man of My House. We twain have taken unto ourselves a house, the which we have great hopes that it may not long remain a house, a mere thing of nails and bare boards, but a real home, and to this end hath the Man of My House done many things with his own hands for the embellish ment and utility of this, our home, to the vast astonishment of some of our neighbors who do not so because the time of their stay in this land of beauty is short. INFORMATION FOR INVESTORS Expert, confidential reports made on Philippine projects ENGINEERING, MINING, AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, LUMBER, ETC. Hydroelectric projects OTHER COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES BRYAN, LANDON CO. Cebu, P. I. Cable address: “YPIL,” Cebu. These neighbors openly give unasked comment, and such words as these are their sayings. “Of what value to do all this? Thou mayst not long dwell in this wretched land.” Or, “Thou canst not catch this fellow wasting time and money on the house wherein we dwell. By contract, only another year must we stay, and then back to the States, away! Such a short time, and what profiteth it to fix things up?” So they say, but they know not, and can have no understandings of our love forUhe Oriental What state in the United States has a female governor? The state of matrimony! It’s a “laugh from the shows” as interpreted by Machailler in Judge. The wisecrackers have been enjoying some GORDON GIN —it makes you feel that way! Cheer Leaders We just met the dumbest girl in the world. On reading the “Cheer Leaders” she turned and said, “It says here, Harvard ’31. Does that means that Yale didn’t score again?” —from Judge. “Then,” says Judge's same department, “there is the dumb nurse who thinks a coma is a punctuation mark.” Whatever it is, you never have it if you stick to— ROBERTSON —for highballs Kuenzle and Streiff Importers and the Oriental’s country, and for that I do pity them much. But I have strayed far from my course. I did think to tell thee how the Man of My House do be painting our Home. As thou knowest full well, paint maketh the clothing of the painter untidy and uncleanly, and for this reason did I insist that he clothe himself in his oldest garments, the which he did, so that he did resemble a ragamuffin, nay, more, a scarecrow in the fields; this he did, for that he be a righteous and amenable marriage partner with such virtues as Saint Paul doth enjoin upon all those entering into matrimony. (Albeit the Apostle putteth such a special stress upon the woman, which I like not, for that it seemeth to me uncalled for, and verily do I resent it. But enough of that, lest I fall into a rage, and behave myself in an unseemly fashion.) The Man of My House, then, did mount the ladder, and did paint away right cheerily and efficaciously, when two dames, thinking him to be but a hired worker, did pass under his ladder, and by, (for that way did provide a short cut) discoursing in damely fashion. Sai th the first dame, “This be the nicest home on the Hill” and then did she relate in no mean words the merits and goodnesses of this, our Home, so that the heart of the painter did glow within him, for that the dame did call the place wherein we dwell, a home and not a house. “The first real home on the Hill,” sai th the second dame. And so they passed under the ladder, little knowing what joy they had brought into the hearts of us twain. And now, I fear me I have wearied thee for long with this dull recital of nothings. Fear not, thou shalt not suffer longer, for now do I extend to thee a loving farewell, and I do rejoice in thee, and that thou hast chosen to call me —Thy friend. VERSES BY “A. R. E.” Temperament You bring me peonies—• It is violets I wish, Laid in a bed of mosses, Not standing in a dish. You send me chocolates— Why can you not recall My preference? It’s bonbons— When I eat sweets at all. How many times must I Remind you that my taste In gems is fickle? Today, These rubies are a waste. You are well meaning, but You never can, I fear, Quite know me. What—-you’re leaving? Ah—stay, stay, my dear! JACOB LEVY PHILIPPINE HATS Buntals Bamboos Calasiaos Balibuntals Correspondence Solicited 227 Calle David Manila, P. I. Cable Address: “TEXTILES’* IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 22 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL July, 1929 Haphazard Studies in the English Language The University Dictionary which is sold by the Manila Daily Bulletin at two pesos the copy, contains an essay on Common Errors in English by Dr. Farquson Johnson that will be run in installments in this department, commencing with this issue. For it is at once interesting and instructive; indeed, the editor of the Journal, benefited by it greatly in his own diction, has seen nothing comparable to it any where. For this essay alone, he would not part with his own copy of this convenient English vocabulary at any price—unless he might, for the pittance at which it sells, obtain another. Dr. Johnson’s pages fairly glow with linguistic erudition, as the student will observe. But the original was proof-read carelessly, and the errors which therefore appear in it have here been corrected. Where there are references the main vocabulary, etc., any standard English dictionary maybe consulted.—Ed. Too few of us are given to calling the atten tion of others to errors in speech or in writing when we hear or see them. Indeed too few of us correct our own errors, even when we are aware of them. We easily fall into the habit of talking carelessly—and the way of human nature seems to be not to break itself of a habit, either good or bad. The logical place to begin in the correction of errors of speech is at home, and at the age of infancy. From the time the child begins to talk, it never again is too young to be taught correctly. It is then that the bad habits of careless talking are formed, and unfortunately the parents seldom realize the necessity of correcting them and discouraging the habit. To the contrary—mispronunciation and errors of grammar more often are encouraged in child ren by their thoughtless elders. Callers are expected to witness such exhibits by the proud parents as “Where are the kittens, darling?” “They has went,” answers baby. “Ain’t that cute?” will say the adoring mother—not realiz ing the difficulties some teacher will have in after years, trying to break the youngster of the “has went” habit. “Wich” for “which,” “brung” for “brought,” “taint” for “it is not,” and “dese,” “dose,” and “dem” for “these,” “those,” and “them,” are only a few of the very many errors carelessly picked up in childhood. Quite often these errors become habitual because they are not corrected at home, where they are used more than in any other place. In some instances the parents have been known to acqi ire the same careless style of speaking, which, of course, further encourages the child in the habit, and the reign of everyday errors in our language goes merrily on. How to Correct Your Own Errors Among our associates, in the home or at busi ness, we should make it a practice to call atten tion to errors of speech. By no other method could we so readily learn to speak correctly. It soon would become a matter of pride as to who would make the fewest errors. Not only those who practised it, but the children also would benefit largely by such a custom. The purpose of this section of the dictionary is to call attention to some of the more common errors in writing and speaking, and to point out the proper way to correct them. This is an unusual feature for a volume of this nature, and should be welcomed by all of those who experi ence difficulties with our language. As has already been said, errors in spelling, pronunciation, and in the choice of words are due to ignorance or carelessness. There is no valid excuse for either. With all of the educa tional advantages at hand, nobody truthfully can offer lack of opportunity as a reason for igno rance; and with all of the free schools—both night and day—lack of funds is no longer a reasonable excuse for not learning to read, write, and speak correctly, at least. To those who wish to avoid common errors— to those who would gain more knowledge—to those who desire to improve their style of speech —an opportunity is here presented. When carefully reading this section one should at all times refer to the main body of this valuable dictionary for the comparison of different words and their variants, as the preceding vocabulary is replete with all of the defined words that will be required for use in almost any walk of life. The aim of the compiler of the following sec tion, however, has been to make it complete OXYGEN Compressed Oxygen 99.5% pure HYDROGEN Compressed Hydrogen 99.8% pure ACETYLENE Dissolved Acetylene for all purposes WELDING Fully Equip ped Oxy-Ace tylene Weld ing Shops BATTERIES Prest-O-Lite Electric Stor age Batteries Philippine Acetylene Go. 281 CALLE CRISTOBAL, PACO MANILA, P. I. The Philippine Guaranty Company, Incorporated (Accepted by all the Bureaus of the Insular Government) Executes bonds of all kinds for Customs, Immigration and Internal Revenue. DOCUMENTS SURETYSHIPS For Executors, Administrators, Receivers, Guardians, etc. We also write Fire and Marine Insurance Low rates iberal conditions ocal investments oans on real estate repayable by monthly or quartefly instal ments at low interest Call or write for particulars Room 403, Filipinas Bld¿. P. O. Box 128 Manila, P. I, also. Yet he has been limited to the selection of only those words that are more likely to be misspelled, mispronounced, or misundertood by those who are careless, or who have not taken advantage of their educational opportunities. No attempt has been made to follow the words, the forms, or the rules carried out by the vocab ulary editor of this dictionary, as this section is to be considered entirely apart from the main vocabulary—and each is designed to serve its purpose independently. An Easy Method for Readers The compiler of this section has endeavored to refrain from giving a choice of pronunciations, or meanings—so far as possible, to those words regarding which there is a difference of opinion by authorities. It is the writer’s belief that there should be, and that there is, only one cor rect way to pronounce any word, and that dis puted points of this character should be decided by a federal commission, duly appointed or elected to serve such a purpose. Unfortunately sufficient interest is lacking in educational sub jects, and doubtless the bickerings of self ap pointed authorities will go on to the end of time. As will be seen by the close observer, this is not a technical section. It was not compiled for the use of those who quibble with the so called niceties of the English language; but as the title implies, it is designed to cover the every day errors of our language which one too often hears at home and in the workshop, and which one receives in one’s mail. It will prove helpful to those who are so sorely in need of it. A a. When we consider that there are twenty-five or more ways of writing the various sounds of this letter, we will realize how careful we must be in pronouncing the words that con tain it. Note the different sounds in make, man, car, dance, etc. As an article, this letter is used when the word following it begins with a consonant, or one taking that sound. Often the entire sense is changed by this one little letter, as a black and white cat is one animal; a black and a white cat must be two. The article should always be repeated before an adjective that qualifies a distinct thing. In the sentence “He has a little money,” the meaning is positive; but on omit ting the article, “He has little money,” the meaning becomes negative. a, an. An should not be used before any aspir ated h, such as a heroic, a historical, etc., not an heroic, an historical. Use an only before a vowel or silent h. abbreviate. Words may be abbreviated but not speeches, which are abridged. abortive. Improperly used to express failure, as in “an abortive trip.” It is properly used only of that which has not been born in full time or is immature. above. Expressions such as “the above state ment,” “according to the above,” though common in use, are not sanctioned by the best authority. “The foregoing, or preceding statement” is preferred. “The above-men tioned” is permissible. Above should not be used for “more than.” “Above a mile” is not correct. abridge. See definition of this word and “ab breviate” in the regular vocabulary of this dictionary. accept of. We may accept presents, not “accept of” them, “of” being superfluous. accident. Often misused for wound. “Ac cident” implies something that takes place independently of our intentions. A wound may or may not be an accident. ac'curate. Not ak’ret. The three syllables should be distinctly pronounced. acknowledgment. No e is.required after the g, which is a common error. acme. To be distinguished from climax, an ascending gradation, while acme is the last, highest, or best of a series. Thus the two words are not synonyms, though often so used, acoustics. Acoustics is, not are. The pro nunciation is a-koos'tiks, according to almost universal usage, although authorities differ. ad. A common trade abbreviation of advertise ment, to be avoided in careful writing or speak IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL July, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 23 ing. “Ad” has achieved considerable com mercial vogue, however, and is almost exclu sively used in what may be termed the inside of the advertising profession and in business pertaining to it. address. Both the noun and the verb should be accented on the last syllable. adjective and adverb. Adjectives like pre vious. subsequent, and independent are often improperly used in place of adverbs, as in “previous to your coming,” where “previous ly” should be used. “He looks bad,” though at first sight in elegant if not incorrect, is proper, as are “to drink deep,” “to stand erect,” etc. Adjectives also have a proper adverbial use in such phrases as “pale green,” “red hot,” etc., where the first adjective qualifies the second. admit of. The meanings of “admit” and “admit of” are different, as seen in the sen tence, “that the door admits to the house does not admit of argument.” adobe. This Spanish word should be pronounc ed in three syllables, the second syllable slightly accented: a-do'be,short a; long o and e. adult. Pronounce a-dult', not ad'ult. advantage. Sometimes erroneously used for benefit. Compare these two words in the vocabulary section of this dictionary. advent. Should not be used for a simple arrival To speak of “the advent of the coal man” robs the term of its stateliness and dignifies a common domestic event unnecessarily. An important, stately, or sacred arrival may be properly termed an advent. advertisement. , Should not be accented on the third, but on the second syllable; pro nounced ad-ver'tis-ment. a few. This phrase, though objected to by some writers, is supported by good authority, the adjective becoming a noun and standing for “part of the whole.” “Quite a few” should be avoided. affect. See effect. again, against. Pronounced agen', agenst’, with the sound of short e. The usual sound of ai is that of long a. but again, against, said, saith, etc., are exceptions. aggravate. Should not be used for irritate, anger, vex, or provoke, having an entirely different meaning. To aggravate is to make worse or more burdensome. Thus, “his guilt was aggravated by the cirsumstances of the crime.” It is not correct to say that persons are aggravated. aggregate. Often used in the sense of “amount to,” as in “The prizes aggregate $100.” Ag gregate means primarily to bring together, to collect into a mass, which is distinct from “amount to”; the use of the word in the latter sense is objected to by some authorities. Are You Fit? or do you lack pep and and listless, and find it d The Fault ■xy be Vót If SC Your Diet «■ Disc*- tlvi heavy n . '' viible meals and (1) Eat spar?..- y of 1:neat - (2) Let fres’- r-i an J r*.;>; huit form the bulk of your diet (3) And, ai' a’.i _c p-ezwy uf rich nourishing T BEAR” BRAND NATURAL MILK for the Tropics—being the sterilized product Anest cows fed on the verdant pastures of .Iley, Switzerland! ¿YWHERE IN LARGE AND SMALL CANS ailment. Pronounce the last syllable ment, not munt. Be careful with all such terminals, ment, sent, ence, ant, ent, ness, etc., and avoid pronouncing them munt, sunt, unce, unt, etc. ain’t. Not a proper contraction of am ndt or are not. Neither ain’t nor ’tain’t should ever be used. The phrases “he ain’t,” or “’tain’t” are meaningless. allege. Should not be used where the word “say” answers the purpose. What is alleged tends to criminate or exculpate. The syno nyms of allege are adduce, assign, and advance, all of. Such phrases as “all of them, both of them” are commonly used, but the best speak ers and writers regard “of” as superfluous. Instead of “I have all of them,” say “I have them all.” “Take all of it” should be “Take it all.” allow. Often misused for think, say, or admit, as “He allows you are old,” “she allowed she was mistaken.” Such usage is incorrect. all right. The tendency of common usage is to contract this expression into the one word alright, but it always should be two words. allude. Should never be used in the sense of “speak of”, which is not its true signification. To allude to a person is to hint delicately at him without direct mention. It is less direct THE MANILA HOTEI LEADING HOTEL IN THE ORIENT Designed and constructed to secure coolness, sanitation and comfort under tropic climatic conditions Provides every Western convenience combined with every Oriental luxury Finest Dance Orchestra in the Far East Management - - WALTER E. ANTRIM than “refer,” which may involve naming the person or thing. almost. Should not be confused with “nearly,” the two adverbs being distinct in meaning. We say correctly “almost sick with hunger,” but “nearly fell off the bridge.” The idea expressed by “almost” is nearness to an end; “nearly” expresses nearness to an unforeseen event. alone. Often improperly used for only. To be alone is to be unaccompanied; “only” conveys the idea of there being no other. When there is one man only on the street, he is the sole male individual present, but there might be many men alone. vou dull also. Pronounce as spelled, not alt'so, as is so often heard. Be careful not to use this word too often in writing and speaking. aluminum, aluminium. Both forms are still in use, manufacturers favoring the former and chemists the latter. Sir Humphrey Davy, who proposed the word, made it origin ally alumium and later aluminum. always. Pronounced awl’wayz, not awl'wuz. To be preferred to “ever” in prose diction in the sense of “for all time.” amateur. Mispronounced am'a-choor; should be am'a-tur, with a slight stress (due to its French origin) on the last syllable, with the long sound of u. among one another. It is not correct to say “they exchanged confidences among one another.” “With one another” or “among themselves” are correct. anchovy. Sometimes mispronounced anko'by; should be an-cho'by. and. “Come and see me” should be “come to see me.” The wrong use of “and” in such cases is very common. It is permissible only when two distinct acts are involved by the verbs, and should never be used as a substitute for the infinitive. And is sometimes used improperly for “or”; as, “a language like the Greek and Latin.” There being no such single language, the phrase should be “the Greek or the Latin.” And is sometirties misused to introduce a relative clause where no conjunction is needed; thus, “He has a spirit, proud as Lucifer, and which no test can break.” Omit and. A common error of speech is the omission of the sound of d in and. Proper pronuncia tion of the d is imperative. another from. Incorrectly used for “another than.” anticipate. Should not be used for expect and foresee. It is correct to say, “My at tempt was anticipated by another” (who made the attempt first), but not “His death was anticipated.” antipodes. Properly pronounced in four syl lables, an-tip'o-deez, though the singular is in three, an'ti-pode. anxious. Misused when “desirous” would better express the meaning. We may be “anxious” about our health, but not “anxious” to dine or to sleep. Friends are properly “anxious” for news of travelers in a railroad wreck, but are not “anxious” about keeping appointments. Remember that “anxious” means full of anxiety, suffering from suspense, which will tend to prevent misuse of the word. (Continued in August) RAIL COMMODITY MOVEMENTS By L. ARCADIO Acting Traffic Manager, Manila Railroad Company. The following commodities were received in Manila May 26, 1929 to June 25, 1929, both inclusive, via Manila Railroad: Rice, cavans................... 136,687 150,250 Sugar, piculs................... 139,328 178,192 Tobacco, bales................ 13,140 35,040 Copra, piculs................... 130,800 168,200 Coconuts.......................... 2,533,300 1,886,500 Lumber, B. F................ 453,600 733,050 Desiccated coconuts, cases 14,432 12,095 IN RESPONDIN < O fiENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 24 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL July, 1929 SHIPPING REVIEW By H. M. CAVENDER General Agent, The Robert Dollar Company During the month of June cargo offerings in all directions held up to the fullest expecta tion of owners. The Philippine U. K. and Continent movement was brisk. Owners anticipate, however, a slight falling off in July. To the U. S. Atlantic and gulf districts there was an unusual movement of sugar and hemp, much more than was anticipated at the time our last report went to press. Here, too, is expected a falling off in July, in fact, much more than is looked for on the European berth. Trans-pacific and to Asiatic ports the movement remained about the same as our last report. On June 27 Manila stevedoring firms concluded an agreement with the stevedore labor organiz ations, granting an increase of approximately 10% to labor in exchange for an agreement running five years. Two years ago labor de manded heavy increases and after a short but brisk strike situation a compromise resulting in about a 15% increase was reached. At that time the labor organizations signed an agreement for two years. It is believed that the agreement presently concluded will result in a satisfactory situation for a five year period. It is anticipated, to offset the demands of labor and the subsequent increase, there will be an adjustment in rates of freight. Just what this will mean has not been determined, or at least no indications as Manila to New York via Suez and Europe See the Old World on your trip home. Stops of several days in many ports. You can travel through Europe and catch our boat for New York via Southampton, England, at Bremen. “The Most Interesting Trip In The World.” NORDDEUTSCHER LLOYD Zuelli¿ & von Knobelsdorff A ¿ent 3 90 Rosario, Manila Phone 22324 to the percentage of freight rate adjustments have been passed around. From statistics compiled by the Associated Steamship Lines there was exported from the Philippines during the month of March, 1929; to China and Japan ports 12,795 tons, with a total of 44 sailings, of which 4782 tons were carried in American bottoms with 10 sailings; To Pacific coast for local delivery 30,009 tons with a total of 14 sailings, of which 22,316 tons were carried in American bottoms with 10 sail ings; To Pacific coast thence Overland 474 tons with a total of 9 sailings, of, which 426 tons were carried in American bottoms with 6 sailings; To Pacific coast thence Atlantic via intercoastal steamer, 2,386 tons with a total of 10 sailings, of which 1694 tons were carried in American bottoms with 5 sailings; To Atlantic coast 159,661 tons with a total of 37 sailings, of which 78,688 tons were carried in American Bottoms with 14 sailings; To European ports 21,351 tons with a total of 28 sailings, of which 273 tons were carried in American bottoms with 3 sailings; To Australian ports 1064 tons with a total of 5 sailings, of which American bottoms carried none; a grand total of 227,740 tons with a total of 91 sailings, of which American bottoms carried 108,179 tons with 22 sailings. This, we believe, is the heaviest month’s business ever handled from the Philippine Islands, the total of 227,740 tons comparing with an average monthly tonnage for the year 1928 of 127,212 tons. The heavy movement is largely due to a very active movement of sugar to Atlantic Coast ports, amounting to 121,355 tons. From statistics compiled by the Associated Steamship Lines, there were exported from the Philippines during the month of April, 1929; To China and Japan Ports 18,814 tons with a total of 49 sailings, of which 5,332 tons were carried in American bottoms with 12 sailings; To Pacific coast for local delivery 32,193 tons with a total of 15 sailings, of which 30,145 tons were carried in American bottoms with 11 sailings; To Pacific coast thence Over land 1,375 tons with a total of 9 sailings, of which 216 tons were carried in American bottoms with 5 sailings; To Pacific coast thence Atlantic via Intercoastal steamer, 3,397 tons with a total of 12 sailings, of which, 2,663 tons were carried in American bottoms with 9 sailings; To Atlantic coast 82,803 tons with a total of 19 sailings, of which 29,117 tons were carried in American bottoms with 6 sailings; To Europ ean ports 17,526 tons with a total of 19 sailings, of which 398 tons were carried in American bottoms with 4 sailings; To Australian ports 938 tons with a total of 7 sailings, of which American bottoms carried none; a grand total of 157,045 tons with a total of 77 sailings, of which American bottoms carried 67,841 tons with 19 sailings. From statistics compiled by the Associated Steamship Lines, there were exported from the Philippines during the month of May, 1929, To China and Japan ports 27,753 tons with a total of 56 sailings, of which 6,062 tons were carried in American bottoms with 15 sailings; To Pacific coast for local delivery 19,609 tons with a total of 15 sailings, of which 11,548 tons were carried in American bottoms with 11 sail ings; To Pacific coast, thence Overland 333 tons, with a total of 9 sailings, of which 307 tons were carried in American bottoms with 6 sailings; To Pacific coast for inter-coastal 3568 tons, with a total of 11 sailings, of which 3,473 tons were carried in American bottoms with 10 sailings; To Atlantic coast 76,984 tons with a total of 19 sailings, of which 38,607 tons were carried in American bottoms with 7 sailings; To European ports, 19,156 tons with a total of 18 sailings, of which 156 tons were carried in American bot toms with 3 sailings; To Australian ports 610 tons with a total of 3 sailings, of which American bottoms carried none; a grand total of 148,031 tons,with a total of 83 sailings, of which American bottoms carried 60,153 tons with 19 sailings. Passenger traffic during the month of June (first figure represents first class, second figure steerage)—to China and Japan 111-126; to Honolulu & 0-605; to Pacific coast 65-635; to SingaporAand Straits Settlements 6-1; to Me diterranean ports 22-1. Much r‘i+kupiasm registered during the month among ir/inc 11 ™ V..Í .11. mbii VLthe Philippine . racts awarded r the construcger and cargo he Round-thet These liners ‘ ntic Seaboard. ,11, 81 ft molded . . displacement, 650,000 cubic '■ < cubic feet rewer and a speed rs will have acpassengers, 140 steerage. The ely 300. They very respect the among irinr public ir by the L < . ; tion of liners, ¿c , ; World o. will be h:iht Their pa/ epi beam, 5:¿ 17,000 feet gentil frigerat Ci. sp of 21 kr e . commod i; e toprist 'a.> e'ew wil. j ; nave be requires e ■ < <4 1/ IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OE - JOURNAL July, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 25 Another important construction program is that recently announced by the Matson Navi gation Co., contracts, it is understood, having been placed for three combination passenger and cargo liners for the Trans-Pacific service. These vessels will be constructed at the Bethle hem Fore River Plant, Quinsey, Mass. They are approximately 600 feet in length, with a speed of. 18 knots. Each will be fitted with the highest type of passenger accommodations and will carry both general and refrigerator cargo. Additional particulars on these vessels have not O. G. Steen, General Manager, The Robert Dollar Co., with headquarters at Shanghai, was a visitor to Manila during the month of May, having arrived aboard the s.s. President Taft May 9 and returned to Shanghai by the same liner. Mr. Steen, accompanied by his family, left Shanghai June 7 aboard the s.s. President Grant for the United States on a combined pleasure and business trip. Geo. P. Bradford, accompanied by his family, arrived Manila from San Francisco June 20 aboard the s.s. President Madison. Mr. Brad ford was until recently General Agent for the Columbia Pacific Shipping Co., in charge of their Philippine operations, with headquarters at Manila. Mr. Bradford has resigned that po sition to join the firm of L. Everett, Inc., Far Eastern Agents of the remaining Shipping Board lines operating from the Atlantic coast and gulf to the Orient. G. M. Violet, who has been connected with The Robert Dollar Co., Manila Branch, the past year in the capacity of Freight Solicitor, was promoted to the Position of Freight Agent on May 20. W. K. Garrett, who formerly occupied the desk of Freight Agent, The Robert Dollar Co., Manila Branch, has been transferred to the post of Acting Agent, Iloilo Branch and took over his new duties on May 27. L. C. Admiraal, General Passenger Agent, Java-China-Japan Line, with headquarters at Batavia, was a visitor in Manila for ten days the first half of May. Mr. Admiraal was in the course of completing a trip around the world and while here announced the inauguration of a fortnightly passenger and freight service between Manila and Java ports with new express Liners. James Wells, Agent for The Robert Dollar Co. at Iloilo, arrived in Manila May 30 enroute to his home in Scotland for a vacation. Mr. Wells departed from Manila as a passenger aboard the s.s. President Polk June 5 and, after circum navigating the world, is expected to return to Manila some time in November. J. W. Huck, Cebu Agent for the Columbia Pacific Shipping Co., arrived in Manila from Cebu May 20. Mr. Huck was up on business and returned to his post at the end of one week. Ole May, formerly attached to the Passenger Department of the Los Angeles Office of the Dollar Steamship Line, has taken up similar duties with the Manila Branch of The Robert Dollar Co. Mr. May arrived in Manila aboard the s.s. President Van Buren May 7. J. O. Foyle, formerly attached to the Freight Department of the Dollar Steamship Line, San Francisco, arrived in Manila aboard the s.s. President Hayes May 21, to take up duties as Freight Solicitor, Manila Branch, of The Robert Dollar Co. Franciscan Missions in Samar: Forward on the Mission Trail Last month we entered Samar with the Fran ciscans, so the situation has been introduced to the reader and nothing remains but to extract from Father Huerta’s notes as progress is made from' town to town. Catbalogan, the capital, was also described briefly in the paper on the province as a whole. The reader will not forget that the Jesuits christianized Samar, and the Franciscans only went there in 1768, when the Jesuits were banished from the Philippines (not to return for a century) in accordance with the royal decree banishing them from all the Spanish empire. Bangajon.—Taken over from the Jesuits with a Dooulation of 2,316, including 539 tributos John Martin, Far Eastern Representative of the American Bureau of Shipping, arrived in Manila aboard the s.s. President Grant May 27. Mr. Martin was on a business trip over his territory and returned to Japan aboard the s.s. President Grant May 31. B. R. Bates, General Agent, Dollar Steam ship Line, Singapore, passed thru Manila June 18 aboard the s.s. President Adams, returning to his post after a five months’ vacation in the United States. While in the United States Mr. Bates joined the ranks of the Benedicts and brought his bride back with him. G. A. Harrell, District Passenger Agent, The Robert Dollar Co., Manila, accompanied by Mrs. Harrell and young daughter, departed for the. United States June 14 aboard the s.s. President Cleveland. Mr. Harrell is enjoying a five months’ holiday and expects to return to Manila at the expiration of same. Ethel L. Hawthorne, Secretary, The Robert Dollar Co., Manila, left Manila June 28 aboard the s. s. President Pierce for Hongkong, where she will meet her husband, S. R. Hawthorne, who is returning, after a business trip to the United States. Mr. and Mrs. Hawthorne will return to Manila aboard the s.s. President Taft July 8. or taxpaying families, Fr. Juan Salguero being the first Franciscan parish priest. The Jesuits had already built a stone church, and a convento of the same material. Patron, St. Michael, the archangel. “The bounds of this town are not limited on the north and east, wffiere the mountainous terrain abounds in valuable woods, palms, rattans, good pasturage, wax and honey, wild game and many edible roots. There are many streams, branches of the two rivers which bathe the town. Of these, the one flowing from the north first takes a course from northwest to southeast, abruptly turns westward and, when oast the town, turns toward the south. The AMERICAN MAIL LINE DOLLAR STEAMSHIP LINE COMBINED TRANSPACIFIC SERVICE SAILING ONCE A WEEK The “President” Liners Offer Speed—Service—Courtesy—Comfort Excellent Food, Comfortable Cabins, Broad Decks, American Orchestra, Dancing, Swimming Pool, Sports SAILING ONCE A WEEK TO SAN FRANCISC AND LOS ANGELES via Hongkong, Shanghai, Kobe, Yokohama, and Honolulu SAILINGS ON ALTERNATE FRIDAYS ROUND THE WORLD President Johnson - - - July 17 President Monroe - - - July 31 President Wilson - - - Aug. 14 President Van Buren - - Aug. 28 President Hayes - - - - Sept. 11 President Polk - - - - Sept. 25 Sailings every fortnight VICTORIA AND SEATTLE via Hongkong, Shanghai, Kobe, and Yokohama SAILINGS ON ALTERNATE SATURDAYS 24 Calle David MANILA Telephone No. 2-24-41 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 26 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL July, 1929 other rises in the region of Paranas, flows from south to north, turns westward along the south ern border of the town, then shifts to the north— and the two currents meet head on, flowing thence toward the west. “The merging of these two currents causes the great floods which so often occur here. The current from the north is so much more powerful than that from the south that it turns the latter back, causing a great lake to be formed in a valley called Sapinit, southeast of the town, the waters sometimes rising to the depth of 50 feet. Many of the trees and plants in the valley are poisonous, especially those called carisao and cunumay; for which reason, the waters sometimes remaining over the valley for 30 days, they are so corrupted that the odor is unpleasant at great distances, and in the town it is insupport able. But this is not the worser calamity from the floods: most of the water from the inundated region having to be carried off in the stream from the north together with the pestiferous odor it gives off, both the fish which abound in the river and those in the sea, to a considerable distance from shore, are killed. “It is a disaster to this town for the rivers to get out of bank, for the floods usually continue for two months.” Little circumstances of this kind, which tend to explain the sparseness of population in various provinces of the Philippines, Samar included. Huerta says that in his time the people of Ban gajon grew rice, Manila hemp, palauán and yams; farming, hunting and fishing were the industries; the women wove native cloths, and these, with what rice could be sold, were dis posed of in Catbalogan. That was in 1865, and probably conditions are about the same now as then. Capul.—Here the Franciscans found a popula tion of 884, with 300 tríbulos. Jesuits had built a stone church dedicated to St’. Ignatius Loyola— which Fr. Mariano Valero repaired in 1781, “who at the same time built the most beautiful and substantial torre existing in the province.” These torres were fortified watchtowers erected, usually, under the leadership of the friars serving as parish priests, at points where Moro pirates were to be feared. The sturdiest of them are still standing, landmarks on the coasts of the Philippines from northern Luzon far to the south. Guard was maintained from their turrets night and day; voluntary military discipline prevailed among the friars’ parishioners, and the alarm from the torre was a signal for all to rally at the church and defend the community from im pending attack. At such crises the friars took military command of their flocks, and wielded the sword and fired the matchlock. In this manner many of the new Christian communities were saved from annihilation at the hands of Mindanao and Sulu pirates. Catarman.—When taken over from the Jesuits by the Franciscans in 1768, the population was 1,305 and tributos numbered 430. Father Huerta mentions forest products from the mountains to the south and excellent fishing along the coast; in his day the crops were those still grown, rice, coconuts, abacá, camotes and palauán, this last being a palm with a large edible root. Native cloths are woven on hand looms by the women, and the men farm, fish and hunt. The church at Catarman in Huerta’s day, 1865, was of timber; no doubt no better one exists today. The patron is Our Lady. The friars built everywhere in the Philippines with the best materials locally obtainable, as trans portation of heavy materials any great distance was out of the question—neither ships nor roads were available. Thus in the region extending from Lingayen to well southward of Manila, where volcanic tufa was available, they built of that; it is the material out of which the build ings in the walled city were constructed, and so much of it was obtained from quarries at Guada lupe that it came to have that name, guadalupe, Where no stone was to be had, but clay was good, kilns were erected and bricks made for the con struction of churches. There was always some friar who was a craftsman, at least an amateur one, or there were Chinese craftsmen about. Brick churches went up throughout the Cagayan valley; brick and stone were used together in Manila; brick and timber were often utilized together. At Catarman, evidently, no good brick clay was to be had, while the hardwoods were abundant and accessible. But aside from the churches, perhaps the other things built by the friars, the brick and‘stone bridges and culverts especially, which are still in use, have the value of millions of pesos. Of course, in the provinces evangelized by the Jesuits the credit should go to them which else where goes to the friars. As they adorned Ma nila with her most beautiful church, that of St. Ignatius, so they devoted themselves to the welfare of the provincial missions. Catubig.—Fr. Antonio de Val deolivas took over this town from the Jesuits for the Francis cans in 1768, when it had a population of 1,515, Here’s how to get Manilas! Genuine Manila Hand Made Long Filler Cigars are obtainable in your city or nearby! List of Distributors furnished upon request to— C. A. BOND Philippine Tobacco Agent: 15 Williams St. New York City or (manila) ¿0*g-fTC^, Collector of Internal Revenue Manila, P. I. Manilas will satisfy your taste! and 510 tributos. The name has been changed, formerly it was Cagninipa; the old site, too, is now occupied by the town of Navas. “It was moved as a consequence of an invasion of Moros during which the town was burned, multitudes of people perishing and the Moros taking more than 500 captives. This removal must have occurred about 1770 to 1775, because, having taken over the town with 510 tributos in 1768, in 1775 there were but 300, a diminution due to the invasion.” In 1777 Catubig was joined to Palapat, and 1784 to Lauang (both names are names of forest trees), until in 1790 Fr. Juan de la Plasencja was assigned to Catubig as its first parish priest. “The climate is damp and tmhealthful, winds are light and during mornings the sky is over cast sometimes until full midday. The com monest diseases are rheumatism, drosy and fevers. Good water is had from the river. There is river communication with Lauáng and Navas, and during floods by a precipitous path. Mails come from the capital at irregular inter vals. The church, under the advocacy of St. Joseph, was built of stone on the old site, where some ruins still remain. A timber church (on the new site) was built by Fr. Juan de Plasencia about 1790, and one of timber and masonry (the common type of construction adopted in Manila) was built by Fr. José Mata in 1805. A timber church was built by Fr. Agaton Martinez in 1838. * * * The river flowing by the town has a depth of 70 feet and is navigable to a point above the town of Navas, a matter of three days with the oars. Navigation in small bancas (dugouts, need we say?) on this river is dangerous because of the voracious crocodiles which infest its waters. The cultivated lands produce much rice, abacá, yams and palauán. The people are engaged in farming, gathering abacá and coconuts, hunting and the gathering of forest gums and wax; and the women in weaving gui ñaras, which, with what agricultural' and forest products they have to sell, are taken to the capital, or to Albay or Manila.” This picture of life in Catubig in 1865 would apply today to many remote towns of the Phil ippines. One may indeed not go far from Manila in order to observe similar conditions of life, save for the public schools, the doctor with his own drug store, the Chinese shops on every hand, and the new roads. Life is simple in such towns, the people happy. Palapat.—This town was taken from the Jesuits for the Franciscans in 1768 by Fr. An tonio Sellez. When Huerta wrote in 1865 the stone church built by the Jesuits was still stand ing and in good condition. Patron, Our Lady of the Ascension. “The only fixed boundary is that on the west. On the east lie valleys and many mountains abounding in game, hardwoods, palms, rattans, pastures, gums and wax. The beautiful neat little port is well protected and ships of the deepest draft may harbor there. Game fish are plentiful. “In this port the galleon Filipino was de tained in 1762, for fear that the British cruisers might seize the silver she was bringing from America to Manila. From here it was trans ported by order of Senior Anda (the officer of the Manila government who went to the provinces and held out against the British) to Polangui, then a town of Camarines, in which enterprise the aid of the Franciscans was very material. From Polangui the silver was taken to Iriga, and from there by the Cabusao river and the coast of Camarines Norte to Mauban, under the direction of our Fr. Francisco Rosado de Brozas, who by order of Anda supplied the necessary bancas.” Tubig.—Fr. Joaquin Polo went to Tubig for the Franciscans when the Jesuits were expelled from the islands in 1768 (not to return for a century). A new roof was put on the church the Jesuits built, in 1846, by Fr. Manuel Lozano, “who at the same time built a new choir, two chapels and a very beautiful sacristy. The parochial house is also of stone and very spacious. * * * The river flowing past the town rises at a site called Magtaon in the juris diction of Calviga, whence, first losing itself among rocks and precipices, it appears again twelve leagues away, and flows eastward to the sea, having received on its left bank the IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL July, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 27 Danao river which rises in the vicinity of Parie and forms, not far from its origin, a magnificent cascade.” Underground streams such as Huerta here describes are found elsewhere in the Philippines, which have all the natural phenomena ascribable to an archipelago comprising more than 3,000 islands, some isles of coral, others mountain peaks and ranges once comprising, perhaps, southeastern Asia, and yet others elevated above the sea’s level by violent earthquakes and eruptions. We shall continue through Samar with the Franciscans next month. REAL ESTATE By P. D. Carman San Juan Heights Addition Altho June is nearly always a slow month in Manila real estate, the total as shown is most satisfactory. With the exception of June, 1923 and 1927, no other June sales since 1920 have equalled the above figures. The 1923 and 1927 totals were only slightly larger. The following are the sales for the first 6 months of the years 1920 to 1929 inclusive: 1920, PS,726,503; 1921, 4,347, 704; 1922, 4,688,420; 1923, 5,638,910: 1924, 6,206,247; 1925,6,760,664; 1926, 6,208,202; 1927, 5,862.967; 1928, 8,120,737; 1929, 10,760,037. May Sales City of Manila 1929 Sta. Cruz..................... P 117,387 Binondo....................... 341,500 San Nicolas................. 47,078 Tondo.......................... 36,133 Sampaloc..................... 450,029 San Miguel................. 45,100 Quiapo......................... 13,251 Intramuros.................. 40,500 Ermita......................... 70,000 Malate......................... 65,648 Paco............................. 113,506 Sta. Ana...................... 16,301 Pandacan..................... 2,870 Sta. Mesa.................... 21,823 June 1929 175,680 105,400 155,547 66,269 89,712 44,650 20,000 23,551 45,801 35,225 115,417 25,300 Pl,381,126 P 902,579 JUNE SUGAR REVIEW By George H. Fairchild New York Market: —The market under review opened with the previous month’s closing quotation of 1-3/4 cents c. and f. for Cubas, equivalent to 3.52 cents 1. t. for P. I. centrifugals. Notwithstanding the sa tisfactory distribution in the United States of refined sugar at un changed prices, the mark et for raws declined, and before the end of the first week, holders of Cubas were asking 1-23/32 cents c. and f. for prompt shipment sugar but buyers would not quote above 1-11/16 cents c. and f. (3.46 cents 1. t. for P. I. 96°). In the second week, prices sagged further, apparently due to Cuba’s production of 5,135,000 tons (up to May 31) coupled with the large visible supplies in Cuban and Atlantic Coast ports. During the last two days of the second week however, an improvement developed which was ascribed to an expectation of better demand for refined during the coming heavy-consumption months. In the third week, the U. K. bought 5tons of raws at a price equivalent to 3.54 cents 1. t., which was considered significant, and on the 18th very heavy transactions were consummated in New York—210,000 tons on the exchange and 70,000 tons actuals. • As was to be expected a sharp reaction set in alter the sudden buying wave was over. On the 20th, the market was steady at the decline with small sales prompt shipment Cubas at 1-3/4 cents c. and f. (3.52 cents 1. t.). The fourth week opened with an evident improve ment during which the U. K. bought 40,000 tons August-September shipment at a price equivalen t to 1.69 cents f.o.b. (3.60 cents 1. t. for P. I. 96°). This improvement was not long maintained, since the weakness of the refined marked was communicated to the centrifugal market, the latter closing with sellers but no buyers on the basis of 1-25/32 cents c. and f. for Cubas (3.55 cents 1. t. for full-duty sugars). On the 27th, however, a firmer tone developed owing to the reports of President Machado’s speech favoring a controlled Cuban crop for next year. On the 28th, 200 tons AugustSeptember shipment P. I. sugar were sold at 3.73 cents 1. t., while small sales present ship ment Cubas were sold to operators, Atlantic Coast and Gulf ports, at 1-7/8 cents c. and f. (3-64 cents 1. t.). The visible stocks in the U. £., U. S., Cuba and European statistical countries are 5,258,000 tons as compared with 4,725,000 tons at the Ori ental F you take the short Trans pacific route to Seattle—or if you enter at San Francisco—book passage on the Oriental Limited for eastern America. Luxuriously appointed and smartly serviced, yet charging no extra fare, this fast train reaches Chicago in 68 hours from Seattle or Portland. It trav erses 1200 clean, cinderless, scenic miles behind giant electric and oil burning locomotives, including 60 CLEAFLCIMJERL^ Apply to Tourist Agencies or Trans-Pacific Steamship Lines or write J. Wesley Young, Gen’l Agent, Pass’r Dept., 1205 4th Ave., Seattle, Wash. A. H. Hebb, Agent, 916 Government St., Victoria, B. C. Edw. A. Dye, Gen’l Agent, 607 Hastings St., Vancouver, B. C. C. A. Gerken, Gen’l Agent, 1009 Hearst Bldg., San Francisco, Cal. M. J. Costello, West. Traf. Mgr., Seattle, Wash. Cable address: Hillrail same time last year and 4,411,000 tons in 1927. Futures. Quotations on the New York Ex change during June fluctuated as follows: High Low Latest 1929— July............... .. 1.81 1.59 1.80 September... . .. 1.91 1.68 1.91 December.. .. .. 2.02 1.76 2.02 1930— January......... .. 2.05 1.78 2.05 March.............. 2.10 1.84 2.10 May.............. ... 2.16 1.92 2.16 Philippine Sales. During the month of June, sales of Philippine centrifugals in the Atlantic Coast—afloats, near arrivals and for future deliveries—amounted to 33,850 tons at prices ranging from 3.49 cents to 3.67 cents 1. t. as compared with sales amounting to 32,000 tons during the same period last year at prices ranging from 4.21 cents to 4.52 cents landed terms. Europe:—F. O. Licht, in his monthly report for May, released his second estimate of the European beet acreage for 1929-1930 as compared Limited Across America miles along Glacier National Park. Enroute, see the illuminated New Cascade Tunnel, longest in the Western Hemisphere—8 miles through the Cascade Mountains —shortening the distance across America on the Great Northern Railway. At Chicago make con nections for Detroit, Cleveland, Pittsburgh, Philadelphia, New York, Boston, Washington, D. C., and other American cities. A Dependable Railway IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 28 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL July, 1929 with the 1928-1929 sowings, amounting to 2,625,000 and 2,639,124 hectares, respectively. It was reported by him that the sowing of beet seed had been terminated in all of the European countries, but that in the course of the coming months his figures might have to undergo a few alterations. Weather conditions in Europe have been favorable to the present good stand of beets and the delay in the sowings for this year, according to him, may be partially recouped. Local Mark et :—Prices for centrifugals during the first week ranged from P8.00 to P8.25 per picul. In the second week the market ruled firmer, with exporters paying P8.00 to P8.125 per picul, while the local refinery paid as high as P8.30 per picul. In the last two weeks, a still better tone developed, quotations ranging from P8.25 to F8.375, but large transactions were made at a price of F8.50 per picul. The mus covado market was weak from the beginning to the end of the month, with unchanged quota tions of P6.00 to P6.30 for No. 1. Crop Prospects. Experience has shown the futility of attempting to estimate the volume of the crop before September or October. This year to date, following a severe drought during March, April and May, the weather has been extremely favorable in June both on Luzon and on Negros. The appearance of the cane on Luzon is equal to that a year ago at this time. On Negros the cane in most districts is farther advanced than it was at this time last year. However, this favorable condition can be entirely nullified by two or three months of excessive and continuous rains in July, August and September. Already the planters in the southern districts of Negros are complaining about too much rain. Even in September and October, estimates can be seriously affected by subsequent unfavorable weather conditions, so any estimate at this date is too speculative to be given serious considera tion. Milling is completed in all the Centrals on Luzon and Negros, with the exception of Manapla, Victorias and Lopez Centrals in the north coast of Negros. Locusts have been reported present in the provinces of Central Luzon, particularly in Murcia, Tarlac. Efforts and precautions are now being made to check the spread of the winged pest which has been a scourge to sugar cane planters in the Philippines for years. Philippine Exports. Exports of sugar from the Philippines for the 1928-1929 crop from November 1, 1928, to June 30, 1929, amounted to 545,781 tons, segregated as follows: Metric tons Centrifugals............. 519,471 Muscovados............. 19,618 Refined..................... 6,692 Total................. 545,781 Java Market:—The Java market was de scribed as uncertain during the first week on the following basis: Spot—Superiors Gs. 14-1/4—P7.63 per P. I. picul f.o.b. June shipment—Superiors Gs. 13—P6.99 per P. I. picul f.o.b. July-August shipment—Superiors Gs. 12-3/4— P6.86 per P. I. picul f.o.b. During the second week, large sales by the Javan Trust were reported—160,000 tons Supe riors July-August-September shipment at a reserved price and 30,000 tons July-August shipment at Gs. 12. Prices had a downward tendency from the opening of the month, and in the fourth week, quotations were as follows: Spot—Superiors Gs. 12-1/4—F6.64 per P. I. picul f.o.b. July-August-September shipment—Superiors Gs. 12-1/8— P6.57 per P. I. picul f.o.b. October-March shipment—Superiors Gs. 12-1/4 —P6.64 per P. I. picul f.o.b. When Telegraphing Use The Radiogram Route REVIEW OF THE EXCHANGE MARKET By Richard E. Shaw Manager, International Banking Corporation WORLD IDE IRELESS RADIO CORPORATION OF THE PHILIPPINES 9 PLAZA MORAGA [ 2-26-01 Phones: 2-26-02 Always Open 2-26-03 The market during June was exceedingly dull. There was a dearth of export bills and very little T. T. was offering, as a result of which certain banks were forced to seek cover for their sales by buying heavily from the insular treasurer. Sell ing rates for US$ T.T. were firmly maintained at 1-1/8% premium while all banks were good buyers at %% premium for T.T., J4% premium for O/D Credit, and 7/%% discount for 60 d/s D/P bills. The tendency of the market appeared firm at the close. The following purchases of telegraphic trans fers have been made from the insular treasurer since last report: Week ending— May 25.............................................. nil June 1..................................................$900,000 June 8..................................................$350,000 The sterling quotations which were current at the end of May, i. e., sellers of T.T. at 2/- 7/16 and buyers'at 2/-9/16, showed practically no variation during June. At the close on May 31 the New York-London cross-rate was quoted at 484 29/32 and during June fluctuated slightly between a high of 484 15/16 and a low of 484 25/32, closing at 484 15/16. London bar silver was quoted at 24 9/16 ready and 24 5/8 forward on May 31, was low for June at 24 ready and 24 1/16 forward from the 4th to the 7th of the month inclusive, touched a high of 24 ready and 24 9/16 for ward and closed at 24 1/8 ready and 24 3/16 forward. On May 31 the quotation for New York bar silver was 52 7/8. The low point for June was 51 5/8 on the 4th of the month, the high point was 53 on the 14th and 18th of June and the closing rate was 52 y<¿. Telegraphic transfers on other points were quoted as follows on June 29th: Paris, 12.40; Madrid, 14514; Singapore, 114; Japan, 89*4; Shanghai, 84*4; Hongkong, 98; India, 136; Java, 122 J4IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL July, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 29 REVIEW OF THE HEMP MARKET By L. L. Spellman Macleod and Company This report covers the Manila hemp market for the month of June with statistics up to and in cluding June 30th, 1929. U. §. Grades:—The selling market in New York was fairly steady at the beginning of the month with shippers offering at: D, 14-1/2 cents; E, 13 cents; F, 12 cents; G, 8-1/2 cents; I, 11-3/4 cents; JI, 10 cents; SI, 11-5/8 cents; S2, 10-1/2 cents; S3, 8-5/8 cents. The first week was quiet with very little business. Oc casionally a shipper would dispose of a small lot of hemp but always by making a reduction in price. By the middle of the month buyers were having things pretty much their own way and general prices had declined to: D, 14 cents; E, 13 cents; F, 12 cents: G, 8-3/8 cents; I, 11-1/2 cents; JI, 9-5/8 cents; SI, 11-3/4 cents; S2, 10-5/8 cents; S3, 9 cents. This condition pre vailed throughout the last half of the month and at the close shippers were offering freely at: D, 13-3/4 cents; E, 12-3/4 cents; F, 11-1/2 cents; G, 8-1/4 cents; I, 11-3/8 cents; JI, 9-3/4 cents; SI, 11-3/8 cents; S2, 11 cents; S3, 8-1/2 cents; and would undoubtedly accept lower prices. The decline for the month ranged from 1/8 cents to 3/4 cents on the various grades and the average was about 1/4 cents. The higher grades suffered the most. In Manila the market at the first of the month was firm enough with most of the exporters willing to buy at: D, P30.50; E, P29.00; F, F27; G, B17.75; I, P25; JI, P21; SI, P26; S2, P24; S3, fT8.50. During the first week it was apparent that the larger exporters were getting plenty of hemp in the provinces and almost all of the arrivals were bought by specu lators and small shippers. By the middle of the month values were practically unchanged although there were differences in some of the grades, sales being made on the basis of D, P30.50;E, P29; F, >26.50; G, P17.75; I, P24.50; JI, P21.50; SI, P25.50; S2, P23.50; S3, F18.25. The market remained quiet throughout the balance of the month and sales continued to be made but a fair amount of hemp went into store. The last prices paid were: D, P29.50; E, P27.50; F, P25.50; G, P17.75; I, P24.25; JI, F21.25; SI, 1*24.50; S2, P23; S3, 18. This shows a decline of from Pl.00 to Pl.50 on the better grades and from P0.25 to P0.50 on the lower U. S. grade. U. K. Grades:—-The London market on the first of the month was firm with shippers selling on the basis of: J2, £38.10; K, £34; LI, £34; L2, £32; Ml, £32; M2, £27; DL, £26.15; DM, £23.10- Dealers and spinners, both in the U. K. and on the Continent, showed very little interest and prices gradually declined and the middle of the month found shippers offering at: J2, £38; K, £33; Ll, £33; L2, £30.10; Ml, £30.10; M2, £26.10; DL, £26.10; DM, £23. During the last half of the month there was a fair amount of buying but business was not sustained and shippers were apparently over eager to sell. As a result, the market was rather dull the end of the month with downward prices at: J2, £37.5; K, £32.15; Ll, £32.15; L2, £30; Ml, £30; M2, £26; DL, £26.5; DM, £22.10. This shows a decline for the month ranging from 10/- to £2 a ton for the various grades. In Manila the market was fairly steady for the U. K. qualities on the first of the month with shippers paying: J2, P17.75; K, P15; Ll, P15; L2, P13.25; Ml, P13.50; M2, Pl 1.25; DL, Pl 1.25; DM, P10. The next two weeks brought very little change and prices at the middle of the month were: J2, P17.50; K, P15; Ll, 1*15.25; L2, P13.25; Ml, P13.25; M2, P11.25; DL, PH; DM, P9.50. The last half of the month the market here was decidedly quiet as it became apparent that receipts would be rather full and the consuming markets were anticipating a decline. The market closed with a few buvers willing to pav: J‘2, P17.50; K, F14.50; Ll, P14.50; L2, P13; Ml, P13; M2, 4*11; DL, Pll; DM, 9.25. Japan:—This market continued to take a reasonable amount of hemp but business was below normal. The exchange was rather against the Japanese buyers and this probably restricted business somewhat. The continued heavy pro duction assures this market of rather a full supply of the grades they require so they can afford to buy only actual requirements. Should receipts show a falling off in the production of Leyte, it would probably stimulate buying in this market. Maguey:—The production of Cebu Maguey continues full and prices declined in sympathy with Manila hemp. At the end of the month buyers were paying P13 for No. 2 and Pl 1.25 for No. 3. This is a decline of from P0.25 to P0.50 per picul during the month. There is still some Manila Maguey being produced in the llocos country but very little is being shipped out. The season is just about over. Production :—Production still continues heavy and so far the small receipts predicted by the experts since the first of the year have failed to materialize. The Fiber Standardization Board’s figures show that 871,177 bales of hemp were pressed during the first six months of the year. This is at the rate of 1,742,254 bales per year. The total production last year was 1,386,897 bales and the highest production in recent times was in 1924 when 1,441,747 bales of fiber were produced. It is hardly possible that total receipts for the next six months will be anything near like as heavy as for the first six months. “North Coast Limited” V V “Finest”— “the finest train in the world and I have traveled on all that are worth talking about"—Samuel Hopkins Adams, Auburn, N. Y» “Best”— “equipment the very best, service splen did—a wonderful train"—N. A. Peter* son, San Francisco. ______ XJOW on a new, fast schedule—68 hours between the North Pacific Coast and Chicago! Leaves Seattle at 11:00 A. M. for all the principal cities of the United States. Two days of sightseeing through America’s greatest mountains. w \\ A particularly satisfying feature of Northern Pacific travel is its diner service. New-style Observation-Club car with deep, restful lounge—cushioned chairs—library—writing comer—club rooms— showers—and maid and valet service. The Japan Tourist Bureau, American Express Company, Thos. Cook &. Son, Shanghai Commercial & Savings Bank, or any trans Pacific steamship company will gladly furnish additional information» Oswald Crawford, G. A. 501 Granville Street Vancouver, B. C. R. J. Tozer. A. G. P. A. 200 L. a Smith Bldft. Seattle, Wash., U. S. A. Northern Pacific Railway (352) “First of the Northern Transcontinental*** The first six months averaged more than 33,000 bales per week. It would take an average of less than 20,000 bales a week for the next six months to give a total equal to last year. It is quite safe to say that receipts this year will probably break all records and it is easy to figure how the total can reach 1,500,000 bales and even 1,600,000 bales. Notwithstanding the heavy production, stocks on hand in Manila have averaged only about 50,000 bales more than last year and considering the number of exporters now engaged in the business, a stock of 200,000 or even 250,000 bales is not too much. Freight Rates:—-There is no change in rates on hemp since last report. Statistics:—-The figures below are for the period ending June 30th, 1929: Manila Hemp 1929 Bales 1928 Bales On hand January 1....... 158,452 139,624 Receipts to date........... 871,177 678,613 1,029,629 818,237 Shipment to—• United Kingdom....... 182,377 185,077 Continent.................. 87,945 100,629 United States............ 290,545 177,866 Japan......................... 212,994 168,207 All Others................. 18,574 56,653 Totals................. 812,435 688,432 V & mI v X IS XI B. E. Blackwood, G. A. 912 Government Street Victoria, B. C. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 30 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL July, 1929 Luzon Stevedoring Co., Inc. Commercial Printing is a silent but powerful messenger, and your letter heads, billheads, cards, envelopes, etc., when well printed, all help to build up that feeling of confidence so much desired in this modern business age. Close personal attention to every phase of a printed job is an invariable feature of McCullough Service, and our repu tation for producing good printing merits your patronage. McCullough printing company loi escolta Phone 21801 manila, p. i. Lightering, Marine Contractors Towboats, Launches, Waterboats Shipbuilders and Provisions SIMMIE 8s GRILK Phone 2-16-61 Port Area COPRA AND ITS PRODUCTS By E. A. SEIDENSP INNER Vice-President and Manager, Copra Milling Corporation There has been little of interest to note in the local copra market during the month of June. Prices remained practically unchanged over May levels notwithstanding the fact that many Tayabas producers are withholding their coconuts from the Tapahan. Before the end of the month in creased buying pressure on the part of local mills advanced provincial prices P.20 per picul, although during the same period at Manila, buyer’s ideas remained unchanged. At this writing, pressure at provincial concentration points has been somewhat relieved and the market is slightly easier. Total arrivals at Manila during the month of June were 288,808 bags. The U. S. market for copra was feature less during the month fluctuating between narrow limits. The London market while dull during the early part of June is reported somewhat steadier today. Latest cables advices follow: Manila, Buen Corriente P8.50 to P8.625; Arrival Resecada, P9.50 to P9.75; San Fran cisco, $.039 to $.04; London, f.m.m., in bags £20/5/0. Coconut Oil.—The U. S. market for coconut oil continued dull and depressed thruout the entire month of June, with buyers interested solely at their own figures. Selling pressure from all sources continued heavy during the first half of the month and new low trading levels were recorded. Large offerings of Palm Kernel Oil were noted at further price concessions. Toward the end of the month demand for co conut oil improved somewhat and as a result sellers, ideas have been advanced. Latest cables follow: San Francisco, $.06-% to $.06- 5/8 f. o. b tank cars; New York, $.06-% to $.06-7/8 c. i. f.; London. No quotations. THE RICE INDUSTRY By Percy A. Hill of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija. Director, Rice Producers' Association Prices for both palay and rice rose slightly at the beginning of the month, but at present writing, while appreciably higher than at the same date in June last year, they have taken a small slump, due to lowered prices for Saigon importations. This will no doubt be rectified shortly, due to conditions affecting crops, and the volume of exportable surplus in nearby centers overseas. Present crop conditions in the rice region of Luzon are very unfavorable, due to the lack of timely rains. Lacking these, the irrigation sys tems obviously cannot supply moisture even for seedlings. If no rain is forthcoming before July 10, we can confidently expect the loss of half the seedlings in the Luzon plain, and lack of time in which to replant will affect the coming crop seriously. Other pests, such as locusts and rinderpest, will have little effect just now. There is a certain amount of apprehension among rice producers as to the effect of the rice warehousing law, passed hastily at the last session of the legislature, to go into effect Jan uary 1, 1930. While this appears an excellent law to protect the depositor in warehouses, by a bond to be approved by the commerce and communications secretary, from all accounts, any gain to the grower will be offset by other losses. So far, the storers are noncommittal as to the law itself, which they believe is an honesty-forcing one to their detriment, as the industry has always moved smoothly and ef ficiently under the general rules followed by commerce. To deposit a bond amounting to two pesos and fifty cents per cavan of palay, and six pesos for each cavan of rice, and support an army of official interventors, seems too hard a burden for the business to stand, or at least the warehouse interests reason so. Consequently, as this law is muddling an otherwise clear situation, there is to be a severe restriction of credit allowed the producer him self, some millions less of sacks to be imported to be distributed gratuitously; and the further conclusion consequent upon the law is, that of accepting no deposits under the law’s conditions. This would of course force the grower to sell during the post-harVest glut, at an economic loss, besides straining the milling, transporta tion and distribution functions. No matter how good a law is passed, it remains to see if business will stomach its conditions—or let George do it. A possible effect will be to restrict a much-needed credit (extended the producers without interest) amounting to some millions of pesos, and very possibly the refusal of de posits, as being too hard a condition for a busi ness whose profits are narrow already. It should not be forgotten that the depositing of palay as a function has been built up by the buyers and storers to stabilize supply and dis tribution, entirely for the benefit of the de positor. Formerly, all palay was purchased outright, and milled and distributed by the storers. Storing by producers, together with credits extended them, has been a growth of some decades, and all to their benefit. There is also another thing not realized by the ordinary indi vidual. That is, branch of the rice business is highly competitive. In this lies the small spread between the raw and manufactured product, and the consequent gain to the pro ducer himself. Like many of our bright-idea laws, this one, no matter how highly it can be commended in theory, may not work at all, as it takes two parties to subscribe to an agreement. It could have been done by the extension of the in surance carried by every milling plant of magni tude, the extra premium to be paid by the depositor himself. In this event, perhaps, the business would not have received a set-back. As for any other entity entering into the compe titive storing, milling and distributive function, we believe that it is a thing of the far-distant future, when more will be known about what the ethics of business are, and should be. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL July, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 31 PRINCIPAL EXPORTS Monthly average for 12 months April, 1929 April, 1928 ending April, 1929 V/ommoaities Quantity Value % Quantity Value % Quantity Value % Sugar........................................................................................ ................................. 99,410,153 P15,lll,888 43.1 88,150,478 P15,198,728 52.5 48,478,911 P 7,983,330 30.5 Hemp......................................................................................................................... 19,141,895 5,889,525 16.7 13,653,475 4,136,797 14.3 15,311,936 4,547,667 17.0 Coconut Oil............................................................................ ................................. 19,209,562 6,217,398 17.7 5,598,449 1,911,971 6.7 13,894,644 4,544,005 17.0 Copra........................................................................................ ............................... 8,831,358 1,616,054 4.5 15,597,089 3,105,413 10.8 19,809,787 3,972,824 14.6 Cigars (Number)................................................................... ............................... 12,187,651 527,055 1.5 14,414,953 642,893 2.3 17,910,979 760,789 2.9 Embroidery............................................................................. 790,775 2.3 542,460 2.0 816,594 3.0 Maguey...................................................................................................................... 1,343,559 287,472 0.8 1,917,743 373,589 1.4 1,399,262 289,551 1.0 Leaf Tobacco.................... :.................................................................................... 2,984,260 912,297 2.6 211,439 73,739 0.3 1,600,352 550,432 2.0 Desiccated and Shredded Coconut..................................... ............................... 1,754,115 579,386 1.6 1,477,660 550,359 2.0 1,789,014 656,183 2.4 Hats (Number)...................................................................... ............................... 67,404 279,460 0.8 59,831 256,797 0.9 136,324 676,275 2.4 Lumber (Cubic Meter)........................................................ ............................... 15,253 529,110 1.5 12,437 443,041 1.5 13,893 487,616 1.7 Copra Meal............................................................................. ............................... 7,296,727 502,405 1.4 4,206,827 274,593 0.9 8,108,703 594,309 2.1 Cordage.................................................................................... ............................... 841,313 431,964 1.2 525,488 302,998 1.0 347,200 312,942 1.1 Knotted Abaca...................................................................... ................................. 70,551 214,420 0.6 3,737 10,662 43,041 143,407 0.4 Pearl Buttons (Gross)......................................................... ............................... 47,379 43,442 0.1 64,403 60,521 0.2 63,254 66,733 0.2 Canton (low grade cordage fiber)....................................... ............................... 746,103 149,593 0.4 581,277 117,900 0.4 574,763 102,671 0.3 All Other Products................................................................ 955,704 2.7 688,405 2.4 861,464 2.4 Total Domestic Products...................................................... P34,846,872 99.5 P28,553,366 99.6 P27,198,518 95.4 United States Products........................................................ 104,623 0.3 104,429 0.3 129,284 0.5 Foreign Products.................................................................... 76,453 0.2 33,069 0.1 38,991 0.1 Grand Total........................................................... P35.027.948 100.0 P28,690,864 100.0 P27.366.292 100.0 Note:—All quantities are in kilos except where otherwise indicated. PRINCIPAL IMPORTS CARRYING TRADE IMPORTS Monthly average for April, 1929 April, 1928 12 months ending April, 1929. Articles Value % Value % Value % Cotton Cloths................... P 4,935,456 16.7 P 3,164,592 15.7 P 3,509,243 16.5 Other Cotton Goods........ Iron and Steel, Except 1,313,246 4.6 998,233 4.9 1,166,016 4.8 Machinery..................... 1,820,842 6.3 1,775,615 8.7 1,892,871 8.4 Rice................................ .... 579,051 2.1 91,099 0.3 618,943 3.0 Wheat Flour..................... 465,302 1.6 788,127 3.8 813,221 4.0 Machinery and Parts of. • 1,087,807 3.8 887,377 4.3 1,410,482 7.0 Dairy Products................ 758,166 2.6 477,034 2.2 589,678 2.9 Gasoline............................. 1,815,210 6.1 400,532 1.9 608,543 3.0 Silk Goods........................ 1,142,859 3.9 628,894 3.0 678,944 3.3 Automobiles...................... 501,676 1.8 544,662 2.6 85,856 0.4 Vegetable Fiber Goods... 470,024 1.7 437,719 2.0 425,005 2.1 Meat Products................. 488,005 1.7 456,507 2.1 492,471 2.4 Illuminating Oil............... 704,768 2.5 438,493 2.0 302,406 1.5 Fish and Fish Products.. 574,744 2.0 218,843 0.9 380,107 1.8 Crude Oil.......................... 144,844 0.6 551,865 2.7 172,569 0.8 Coal.................................... Chemicals, Dyes, Drugs, 717,308 2.5 167,159 8.8 399,184 1.9 Etc.................................. 526,691 1.9 331,439 1.6 393,574 1.9 Fertilizers........................... 420,200 1.5 210,556 1.0 346,040 1.7 Vegetable........................... Paper Goods, Except 490,903 1.8 309,655 1.5 375,742 1.8 Books..................... Tobacco and Manufac 506,185 1.8 308,675 1.5 411,251 2.0 tures of.......................... 227,882 0.9 316,146 1.6 551,088 2.7 Electrical Machinery.. .. Books and Other Printed 662,180 2.3 265,417 1.3 376,115 1.8 Matters.......................... Cars and Carriages, Ex 493,568 1.8 373,148 1.8 220,282 1.0 cept Autos.................... 157,706 0.6 232,992 1.1 199,909 0.9 Automobile Tires............ 472,551 1.7 159,712 0.7 276,593 1.3 Fruits and Nuts.............. 265,689 1.0 161,456 0.8 284,333 1.4 Woolen Goods.................. 191,742 0.8 155,304 0.7 110,720 0.5 Leather Goods................. 324,499 1.2 212,806 1.0 236,723 1.1 Shoes and Other Foot ware 176,775 0.7 158,147 0.7 128,364 0.6 Coffee....................... Breadstuff, Except 217,308 0.8 97,604 0.4 152,742 0.7 Wheat Flour................. 381,694 1.4 148,270 0.7 179,550 0.8 Eggs.................................... Perfumery and Other 362,022 1.3 191,735 0.9 195,171 0.9 Toilet Goods................ 192,441 0.8 125,977 0.6 138,004 0.6 Lubricating Oil................ Cacao Manufactures, Ex 271,302 1.0 124,419 0.6 179,299 0.8 cept Candv................... 237,522 0.9 177,171 0.8 141,848 0.7 Glass and Glassware....... Paints, Pigments, Var 188,066 0.7 120,785 0.7 170,162 0.8 nish, Etc. . . 210,147 0.8 173,896 0.8 148,482 0.7 Oils not separately listed. Earthern Stones and 149,889 0.6 126,222 0.3 145,819 0.7 Chinaware..................... 148,540 0.6 79,192 0.4 125,598 0.6 Automobile Accessories.. Diamond and Other Pre317,884 1.2 81,912 0.4 144,218 0.7 cious Stones Unset. . .. Wood, Bamboo, Reed, 107,938 0.5 80,703 0.5 120,899 0.5 Rattan........................... 145,356 0.6 102,755 0.5 115,902 0.5 India Rubber Goods.... 157,245 0.6 120,066 0.6 112,735 0.5 Soap............... 182,990 0.7 178,028 0.8 185,264 0.9 Matches............ 44,502 0.3 66,958 0.3 82,298 0.4 *Cattle..................... 46,048 0.3 49,528 0.2 30,649 0.1 Explosives............... 26,062 0.2 73,389 0.3 33,790 0.1 Cement...................... 115,734 0.5 66,439 0.3 87,025 0.4 Sugar and Molasses....... 59,579 0.3 55,938 0.2 26,748 0.1 Motion Picture Films.. .. 41,815 0.3 31,281 0.1 32,456 0.1 AU Other Imports.......... 2,102,124 7.1 1,698,323 8.4 2,897,120 9.2 Total.................. P28,142,087 100.0 P19,190,695 100.0 P22.552.652 100.0 TRADE WITH THE UNITED STATES AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES Monthly average for Nationality of Vessels April, 1929 April, 1928 12 months ending April, 1929. Value % Value % Value % American................... .... P12,003,113 41.0 P 8,192,978 41.5 P 9,773,312 47.9 British........................ .... 7,365,208 25.6 7,045,697 35.6 7,449,436 36.3 Japanese..................... .... 1,943,184 7.5 1,270,538 6.7 959,138 4.7 Dutch......................... .... 714,485 3.4 545,328 3.1 652,197 3.2 German...................... .... 2,093,215 7.0 1,378,402 7.3 1,584,762 7.9 Norwegian................. 2,708,826 9.0 63,158 0.7 894,000 4.4 Philippine.................. .... 79,818 0.3 41,056 0.6 121,300 0.5 Spanish...................... .... 275,191 0.9 56,715 0.7 161,247 0.8 Chinese....................... .... 88,176 0.3 22,199 0.4 63,914 0.3 Swedish...................... .... 21,384 0.1 31,094 0.4 8,680 Dannish..................... .... 136,102 0.5 148,271 0.7 Csechoslovak............ 16,074 1,340 French....................... 56,277 0.2 By Freight................ .... P27.424.702 97.6 P18,663,239 97.0 P21,929,319 96.9 By Mail.................... .... 713,385 2.4 527,456 3.0 623,331 3.1 Total.......... .... P28,142,087 100.0 P19,190,695 100.0 P22.552.650 100.0 EXPORTS Nationality of Vessels April, 1929 April, 1928 Monthly average for 12 months ending April, 1929. Value % Value % Value % American........................... P15.220.499 43.6 P13.784.543 48.9 P12.853.170 41.3 British................................ 8,629,542 24.7 8,110,573 28.6 7,491,045 29.8 Japanese............................. 6,368,923 18.3 2,154,460 7.4 2,822,559 11.1 German.............................. 962,729 2.7 645,176 2.0 921,650 3.5 Norwegian......................... 2,100,407 6.0 1,756,683 6.0 778,917 3.0 Spanish............. >............... 102,896 0.4 Dutch................................. 751,003 2.1 247,324 0.6 571,104 2.3 Philippine.......................... 85,090 0.2 44,835 169,123 0.6 Chinese............................... 49,712 0.1 8,041 Swedish.............................. 167,244 0.4 1,344,998 4.6 350,159 1.4 French................................ 4,880 Dannish............................. 667,272 2.6 By Freight........................ P34.335.149 98.1 P28,088,592 98.1 P26.257.212 95.6 By Mail............................ 692,799 1.9 602,272 1.9 1,109,080 4.4 Total.................. P35.027.948 100.0 P28.690.864 100.0 P27,366,292 100.0 TRADE WITH THE UNITED STATES AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES _ Monthly average for “orts April, 1929 April, 1928 12 months ending April, 1929. Value % Value % Value % Manila.......... .................. P46.707.927 74.0 P28,578,908 59.6 P33,138,140 66.3 . ,1) :•............ 9,226,672 14.5 10,736,289 22.5 6,840,098 13.7 5,175,165 8.2 7,127,688 14.9 6,564,478 13.1 Joie .......... ' 295,750 1 97 A7n 0.5 442,667 0.9 598,731 2.0 • ,4 zy 0.2 154,168 0.3 97,897 0.2 1,358,593 2.2 706,058 1.5 1,338,202 2.7 278,449 0.4 135,781 0.3 1,039.479 2.0 1 ..P63,170,035 100.0 P47.881.559 100.0 P49.919.025 100.0 Monthly average for Countries April, 1929 April, 1928 12 months ending April, 1929. Value % Value % Value % United States............... .. P45.083.190 71.6 P34.557.157 75.1 P34.845.185 69.7 United Kingdom......... 2,366,649 3.7 2,321,192 4.9 2,093,753 4.1 Japan............................. 4,238,640 6.6 3,332,869 7.0 3,325,143 6.5 China............................. 2,488,343. 3.9 1,693,425 3.6 1,718,086 3.3 French East Indies. .. 586,694 0.9 90,806 0.3 622,959 1.1 Germany....................... 1,512,156 2.4 942,787 2.0 1,249,141 2.5 Spain.............................. 806,478 1.3 634,978 1.3 1,071,610 2.1 Australia........................ 511,293 0.8 532,112 1.2 472,772 0.9 British East Indies... 1,042,633 1.7 759,876 1.6 685,135 1.3 Dutch East Indies.... 573,641 0.9 519,001 1.1 541,818 1.1 France............................ 623,747 1.0 400,588. 0.8 781,686 1.5 Netherlands.................. 449,310 0.7 297,672 0.6 355,426 0.7 Italy............................... 569,653 0.9 156,527 0.3 357,384 0.7 Hongkong...................... 402,062 0.6 478,966 1.0 245,603 0.5 Belgium......................... 500,058 0.8 410,815 0.8 464,531 0.9 Switzerland. .'............... 393,269 0.6 294,239 0.6 304,269 0.6 Japanese-China............ 382,347 0.5 57,354 0.1 109,909 0.2 Siam............................... 105,932 0.2 20,191 30,550 Sweden........................... 106,371 0.2 50,068 0.1 102,285 0.2 Canada.......................... 129,836 0.2 51,630 0.1 102,414 0.2 Norway.......................... 21,637 62,910 0.1 89,175 0.2 Austria........................... 8,743 13,064 14,101 Denmark....................... 36,666 0.1 28,022 34,117 0.1 Other Countries........... 230,687 0.4 175,310 0.4 302,000 0.6 Total.............. . . P63,170,035 100.0 P47.881.559 100.0 P49,919,025 100.0 32 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL July, 1929 BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL DIRECTORY Kerr Steamship Co., Inc General Agents “SILVER FLEET” Express Freight Services Philippines-New York via Java and Singapore Roosevelt Steamship Agency Agents Chaco Bldg. Phone 2-14-20 Manila, P. I. Myers-Buck Co., Inc Surveying and Mapping PRIVATE MINERAL AND PUBLIC LAND* 316 Carriedo Tel. 2-16-10 Pagarciáí STA. POTENCIA NA 32 TEL. 22715 guts COLOR PLATES HALF-TONES ZINC-ETCHING jg PHILIPPINES COLD STORES Wholesale and Retail Dealers in American and Australian Refrigerated Produce STORES AND OFFICES Calle Echague Manila, P. I. MACLEOD & COMPANY Manila Cebu Vigan Davao Iloilo Exporters of Hemp and Maguey Agents for INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER CO. Agricultural Machinery UNIVERSAL BATTERIES P26.50 One Year Guarantee CARO ELECTRICAL SERVICE 110 P. Faura Tel. 5-69-44 Domestic and Foreign Banking of Every Description fl « M «6 CHINA BANKING CORPORATION MANILA, P. I. P. O. Box 1394 Telephone 22070 J. A. STIVER Attorney-At-Law Notary Public Certified Public Accountant Investments Collections Income Tax 121 Real, Intramuros Manila, P. I. “LA URBANA” (Sociedad Mútua de Construcción y Préstamos) Préstamos Hipotecarios Inversiones de Capital 111 Plaza Sta. Cruz Manila, P. I. SALEEBY FIBER CO., INC. Fiber Merchants P. O. Box 1423 Manila, P. I HANSON & ORTH, Inc. Manila, P. I. Buyers and Exporters of Hemp and Other Fibers 612-613 Pacific Bldg. Tel. 2-24-18 BRANCHES: New York—London—Merida—Davao Room 318, Pacific Building Cable Address: “SALEFIBER” REMEMBER The JOURNAL is a mighty good publication to send to someone in the United States whom you wish to keep informed regarding the Philippines! P4 Yearly Does It MADRIGAL & CO 8 Muelle del Banco Nacional Manila, P. I. Derham Building Manila Phone 22516 P. O. Box 2103 Coal Contractors and Coconut Oil Manufacturers MILL LOCATED AT CEBU MORTON & ERICKSEN, INC. Surveyors AMERICAN BUREAU OF SHIPPING Marine and Cargo Surveyors Sworn Measurers Send name and address to The American Chamber of Commerce Journal: P. O. Box 1638, Manila, P. I. A------------------------------A TAILORING CO., Inc. 73 Escolta 73 The Earnshaws Docks and Honolulu Iron Works Sugar Machinery Slipways Machine Shops Port Area Manila, P. I. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL i RIU HERMANOS — 623-ESCOLTA-623 Manila Wine Merchants Limited 174 Juan Luna Manila, P. I. P. O. Box 403 Phones 2-25-67 and 2-25-68 WEANDSCO Western Equipment and Supply Co. Distributers in the Philippines for Western Electric Co. Graybar Electric Co. Westinghouse 119 Calle T. Pinpin P. O. Box C Manila, P. I. Recommended By Leading Doctors Drink It For Your Health’s Sake TEL. 5-73-06 Nature’s Best Mineral Water NOW’S THE TIME! gEND in subscriptions for your friends in the United States—men who are (or ought to be!) personally concerned for the welfare of the Philippines. Make it a Christ mas gift, and Do It Now! Available Facilities for the Benefit of the Public C. O. D. Service. (Collect on Delivery). This service enables anybody to order or send goods without leaving his home town or place of business. Payment is made when goods are received at destination. Express Truck Service. A fleet of motor trucks is operated for this service to make home deliveries of baggage and express shipments to any part of the City and designated places in San Juan del Monte and Pasay. All you need to do is to order the billing clerk at station of origin to include the home delivery charge on the ship ment and give the addiess, or patrons may call up Express Office, telephone 4-98-61, or 4-97-75 and give necessary instructions. DOWN-TOWN OFFICE, right in the Business Center at 519 Dasmariñas. Established for the convenience of the Public. Sells tickets for all trains, accepts billing of express shipments and C. O. D. orders, and furnished information on matters pertaining to service of the railroad. Boat Connection for Bicol Region. Two boats are placed on the Aloneros-Pasacao run, furnishing the public daily service, except Sundays, and enabling passengers to and from the Legaspi Division to reach destina tion in less than 24 hours. Combined Train and Steamer Service between Hondagua Terminal and Ports on the East Coast of Luzon in new big motorship designated and ordered especially to respond to the ever-increasing demand for travel facil ities. MANILA RAILROAD C NY IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN ? 2 ) ' <’O AMERCE JOURNAL Gaining c/aify in popu/arí^^ ^Chevrolet SEE them everywhere you go—the new Chevrolet Six passenger cars and trucks—on the boulevards, in crowded traffic, and out On provincial roads. Seldom, if ever, has a new model been so instantly popular. The reason is not far to seek. The Chevrolet Six is an outstanding value. Your money invested in a new Chevrolet buys the maximum of dependable, comfortable, eco nomical transportation. Exceedingly smart in appearance, snappy in pick-up, swift and safe, its price is most attractive and the Chevrolet tradition of eco nomy holds in the Six as it did in the four. Investigate the Chevrolet Six. Passenger cars and trucks are available for immediate delivery. a Six in the price range of the four! Touring Car - - P1830 Roadster - - - 1830 Coupe - - - - 2190 Sedan - - - - 2375 Convertible Cabriolet 2400 Convertible Landau - 2475 F. O. B. Manila Discount for Cash PASSENGER CAR PRICES Chevrolet’s Greatest Truck The ton “Utility” Truck Chassis - - P1750 The Light De livery Truck Chassis - - - 1375 F. O. B. Manila Discount for Cash Pacific Commercial Company Iloilo MANILA Cebu IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL