American Chamber of Commerce Journal Vol. 9, No.8 (August 1929)

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Part of The American Chamber of Commerce Journal

Title: American Chamber of Commerce Journal Vol. 9, No.8 (August 1929)
Issue Date: Volume 9 (Issue No. 8) August 1929
Year: 1929
Language: English
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extracted text: Commemorating Occupation Day! Leroy’s Account of the American Occu pation of Manila, August 13, 1898.—Where and How the American Flag Was Officially Raised over Fort Santiago.—Pictures of the Oldtime Walls and Gates of Manila.— Another Poem by Gilbert S. Perez.—Babe and the Moon (concluded), by Henry Philip Broad.—The Black Butterfly, by Percy A. Hill.—Editorials: Free Trade—Conditionally; Resocialization of Cured Lepers; and Wrightly Speaking.—Present Situation of the Philip pine National Bank.—Revelations of the Most Recent Land Law, supplemented by a handy table of areas and population by provinces.—Other Features and the Usual Reviews of Commerce and Industry. For Students of English: Second Installment of Farquson Johnson’s “Common Errors in English Corrected.” RIJLY • A • MAGAZINE • PREEMINENT • IN • THE • PHILIPPINES qpHE EXPERIENCED x Smoker of Manila cigars knows the quality of TABACALERA Made from the finest selected Isabela leaf tobacco, properly aged and cured to bring out the best characteristics. Try one of our CORONAS 1 PLUMBING We do Sanitary installation per specifications or per wishes of the owner. Only first class plumbing goods and materials are used and first class workmanship labor employed. No matter how difficult the work or how complicated the plan ing of your plumbing, don’t worry; just give us a call— HENRY MUSSER—Tei. 2-10-44 We do our best to satisfy the cus tomer, and we correct errors of any plumbing installation of every plumbing system, how ever difficult it may be. We do also any kind of Sheet Metal work, kitchen appliances, ice boxes, etc. HENRY MUSSER Plumbing and Sheet Metal Works Tel. 2-10-44 662 Rizal Ave. WHY QUALITY? When you think of purchasing a new range you are confronted with a problem that requires some considerable thought. The buyer of a LANG RANGE does not make his or her choice haphazardly, but invest igates the merits of the range along the follow ing lines: First, QUALITY, which is exemplified in every detail of the LANG. From the raw material to the finish range, nothing is sacri ficed to produce the very best range that can possibly be made. Second, APPEARANCE. The LANG, on sanitary legs, with smooth top in durable nickel trim, enamel trimmed or all enamel construction if wanted, in blue, gray, or white, will please the most exacting require ments. Third, ECONOMY and EFFICIENCY must be considered and a range that is proven fuel saver (accomplished only in a LANG with its exclusive hot blast features and direct application of heat) will, over a short time, repay the purchaser many times over a cheap and wasteful range not to mention the guar anteed cooking and baking satisfaction. The LANG is particularly adapted for the fuel conditions where gas could not be ob tained. Wood and soft coal are burned more satisfactorily in this Western Patented firebox. The First Choice of Every Home The Lang Ranges Enjoy the Range Comfort Specify Lang Range Sold by HENRY MUSSEL (F? T" .f' Ave. Manila, P. i I I •i $ 4 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AN < - OF COMMERCE JOURNAL August. 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 1 YOUR LOGGING PROBLEM can be solved readily by some type of WASHINGTON LOGGING ENGINE The Washington Simplex Yarder above leads all Yarders in ease of operation and low cost of upkeep. Washington Iron Works, Seattle, U. S. A. Agents for the Philippine Islands The Edward J. Nell Co., Ltd.,—Manila. WASHINGTON ENGINES Interior Street-Car Advertising Small in Cost—Large in Results For Rates and Particulars—Call Up Telephone 2-19-11 Manila Electric Company A. B. TIGH Advertising Manager 134 San Marcelino Manila, P. I. i i I THIS NEW Truck has created a sensation among transportation men because of its extraordinary power which enables it to pull its full load out of or over the most difficult places. Its TWO-SPEED AXLE furnishes this tremendous reserve power. This truck forms a part of the INTER NATIONAL Truck line which we have for you. Come in and look it over if you are in the transportation business, or need a truck that will operate dependably under the most adverse conditions and at lower cost than you have been paying. A Truck that Will Out - Pull—Out - Climb—Out - Perform any other truck of the same rated capacity under FULL LOAD MACLEOD AND COMPANY 154 M. DE COMILLAS MANILA, P. I. Branches in ILOILO — CEBU — DAVAO — VIGAN IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF CC PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY The American Chamber of Gommerce OF THE Philippine Islands (Member Chamber of Commerce of the United States) ENTERED AS SECOND CLASS MATTER May 25, 1921, at the POST OFFICE AT MANILA, P. I. Local Subscription: P4.00 per year Foreign Subscription: $3.00 U. S. Currency, per year Single Copies: 35 Centavos WALTER ROBB, Editor and Manager DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS P. A. Meyer, President H. M. Cavender, Vice-President John W. Haussermann, Vice-President John L. Headington, Treasurer H. L. Heath W. L. Applegate J. C. Rockwell Kenneth B. Day Alf Welhaven ALTERNATE DIRECTORS J. L. Headington A. B. Cresap Frank W. Butler Wm. H. Rennolds John R. Wilson, Secretary E. E. Selph, General Counsel EXECUTIVE P. A. Meyer, Chairman H. M. Cavender H. L. Heath COMMITTEES FINANCE -------------------- , Chairman Wm. H. Rennolds F. W. Butler RELIEF W. J. Odom, Chairman Carl Hess John Gordon FOREIGN TRADE H. B. Pond, Chairman L. L. Spellman M. M. Saleeby MANUFACTURING P. A. Meyer, Chairman Alf Welhaven E. A. Seidenspinner PUBLICATIONS P. A. Meyer, Chairman Roy C. Bennett LEGISLATIVE P. A. Meyer, Chairman Frank B. Ingersoll J. R. Wilson BANKING AND CURRENCY Stanley Williams, Chair man W. J. Shaw RECEPTION AND ENTERTAINMENT J. L. Headington, Chair man F. W. Butler J. R. Wilson HOUSE -------------------- , Chairman J. R. Wilson LIBRARY John Gordon, Chairman SHIPPING H. M. Cavender, Chairman G. .P. Bradford L. * E. Nantz INVESTMENTS P. A. Meyer, Chairman H. M. Cavender Governor Davis’s Manila Introduction This paper inaugurates a feature in the Journal which will continue until other plans are made; maybe one issue, maybe scores. That is to say, as long as it seems practicable, about the middle of the month prior to publication the editor will summarize events in the experiences of Gov ernor General Dwight F. Davis in the islands. The purpose, aside from the major one in all our work, that of informative entertainment for the reader, will be to promote the interests of the administration by throwing occa sional sidelights on significant events.—Ed. The President Taft brought Governor General Dwight F. Davis and his party to Manila on schedule time Monday, July 8, when the auspices weren’t a bit good and a typhoon, aided by one of the highest tides ever known in the Pasig, flooded Manila’s downtown district and put the city’s hospitality to a test which it nobly surmounted. For the crowd that wel comed Governor Davis at Pier 7 seemed quite as large, and generous in its cheering propensities, as sunshine could have brought out. But the openair ceremonies were out of the question, and resort was had to historic Marble Hall in the Ayuntamiento, where the inaugural address from which we quoted last month was read into the microphone and a screen of ferns along the rostrum. That night, when the capital’s reception to Governor Davis and Miss Alice was given in Marble Hall and so many of the elect were there, the Constabulary orchestra was behind the ferns—it and only it. The recep tion was populous, but dry; upstairs and downstairs, search for something inspiring and adequate to the inner man was vain. Someone of about the rank of the third assistant to the fourth steward on an immigrant ship, explained that it was because Ben Wright wouldn’t charge the function’, expense to the exchequer, and that those who would have to foot the bill were economizing; but it seems that Governor Davis is a dry, denizen of St. Louis though he be. The thought is far from comforting, but it is about the only disquieting thing one may think respecting Davis, and per haps the inhibition will not prove insurmountable. Manilans are really resourceful in wetting their whistles. They don’t seem to fear old Don Arterio Sclerosis a bit. But something mitigating the vulgar repute which regions east of Suez have for placating thirst, may be tolerable for a while in Manila—or even more than tolerable. Anyway, we have it. It was a real treat to observe His Excellency in the reception line, As he caught each new name (and he never claimed out-of-bounds on one), a smile as pleasant as a sunburst wreathed his countenance; as if he had particular gratification in meeting this particular person who was filing by with the rest. Then momentarily the smile was erased, to be followed by another of equal spontaneity for the person next in line. The sheer EQUIP WITH ROYAL CORD TIRES! AND SEE for yourself the long faithful service they give. Then you will know, as many other motorists know, that the Royal Cord exclusive processes build tires that give long wear and save you money. We Stand Behind Every Tire Sold MANILA TRADING & SUPPLY CO. MANILA ILOILO CEBU BACOLOD IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 4 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL August, 1929 ability to smile, and propensity to do so, along with other attributes yet to be discovered in Davis by Manilans, attributes which some would say are more fundamental in public men, may make His Excellency the cynosure of all eyes in a big spring parade down Pennsylvania avenue in Washington some day; for our governor general hails from a pivotal state and is potential timber for the presidency. One or two events incident to Davis’s arrival seemed almost to have been arranged to break him in quickly. Both occurred at the ship. The arrangement that the commanding officers of the Army and the Navy accompany the official delegation went by the board, perhaps by some one’s oversight or blunder, and the civil officials were last to meet Governor Davis, the military first. The last shall be first saith the Scripture. In the welcoming of governors general, this is said to be a detail unique to the welcoming of Davis alone; and the welcoming of Stimson is not excepted, though he too is an ex-secretary of war, only of an earlier vintage than Davis. However, after the guns boomed out, Davis did get to the gangplank, where he was casually handed a morning paper featuring the address he was, hours later, to deliver. It seems there was another slip-up by someone, and the enter prising publishers had their special edition on the streets about three hours in advance of the release time. Explanations have been made. Davis had sent the text of his address to Manila by radio, at the request of the news services that wished to get it over to the United States for timely publication. With our new governor is his daughter, Miss Alice, and a niece, Miss Alita Davis. Miss Alice Davis is now mistress of Malacañang, with every one there singing her praises and avowing she is the pleasantest and fairest hostess the place has ever known. Miss Alita Davis, too, shares the Davis amiability, but was unwarily interviewed by one of the papers—or allegedly interviewed, which can be only worse than the real thing—and a headline flared out next morning, I will not be a Mrs. Gann! After which the newspapers learned, from Governor Davis, that he, not members of his family, is Malacañang’s official spokesman. The assiduity of Manila newspapers in gathering news (or what have you!) had proved to be up to the most daring standards. But Governor Davis kept his temper well; he was nothing more than crisply emphatic about certain courtesies being mutually observed between himself and the reporters covering his office. He was a little more emphatic the next day, or maybe the next after, when directly quoted in an interview—all news to him!—to the effect that he prefers the parliamentary plan of government. Conjecture is that this is a point about which the governor is trying to be careful; he touches it gingerly, so far, and isn’t interviewed about it. He has only said, in his message to the Legislature, reported elsewhere in this issue in full, I shall continue to use the Council of State . . . as an instrumentality for friendly advisory contact between the executive and legis lative branches, without in any way affecting the independence and the freedom of action of either. Salt this to taste, and it still remains quite conditional and commits the governor general practically to nothing. As this is written, one meeting of the state council has been held. Sketch by Fernández, Lá Salle Cóllege HON. DWIGHT F. DAVIS More press incidents. One morning Governor Davis learned from his newspaper that he had written a letter to Mayor Eapnshaw regarding public improvements—which he hadn’t done. That afternoon he learned from another paper that he was deep in the problem of two reported over drafts in the posts bureau—and he wasn’t at all. The overdrafts papers may have reached his office when the item was printed, and the letter to the mayor was from Gilmore and about a month old. “You ought to do better than that,” Gov ernor Davis said, with the smile all Manila has come to like, when he talked to the reporters representing the delinquent papers; and the reporters concurred in his opinion. There has indeed been a series of stories and interviews—information from fuentes fidedignas— and then corrections, explanations and apologies. Which indicates that Governor Davis, as frank and cordial as man may be, is yet able to keep his own counsel and keep others rather wildly guessing. Maybe it’s a tennis trait, which brings us to the games with the Aragon brothers, Davis Cup contenders for the Philippines, in which Davis and his partner took the honors and of which there were countless pictures in the papers. Cameramen have been no less constantly on the Malacañang job than reporters, but on his first Sunday in Manila Davis found temporary sur cease in church from the demands of both. He attended the services at the Cathedral of St. Mary and St. John—under the spreading acacias on quaint old calle Isaac Peral. The persistence of the newspapers is entirely pardonable. Governor Davis is good news, pic torial and editorial. The pestering he has under gone from cameramen and reporters might have exasperated a man with less grasp of himself, but Davis has managed to seem to enjoy it. He is a man of gracious parts; his popularity among newsmen in Washington can well be understood by all who have observed him in Manila. The Davises, we think, are going to be liked by all. As the governor general had indicated, his message to the legislature is couched in general terms. As it is brief, it appears elsewhere in this issue in full. Later communications are to supplement it. Rumblings are renewed which threaten conversion of the Philippine National into an agricultural bank, whatever that is. However, this is for the future. During the leisurely course of the second session of the Eighth Philippine Legislature the Davis policy will gradually unfold. Meantime, more tennis. But there’s been precious little of that as yet, and will be little more until the budget (threadbare news when this is printed) is off the gubernatorial desk. In making ready the budget Governor Davis has demonstrated his capacity for hard work; commencing at eight in the morning, his day ends late at night. But that he is a man who values leisure and knows what to do with it, is a fair assumption. Last because it’s worst—the vigorous public laundering of the tatters of discord between two of the islands’ best known men. Coincident with Governor Davis’s first fortnight in Manila, this must have been more edify ing than agreeable to him—as it was to the public generally, let us hope, without regard to nationality. Aguinaldo’s record is made. It is what it is; and the same dictum applies to the other belligerent. August, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 5 The Official Raising of the American Flag Over Manila—August 13, 1898 The American occupation of Manila, Satur day, August 13, 1898, was effected from the south. Details of the negotiations between the American and Spanish commanders were still pending during the American advance, and Major General Wesley Merritt maintained his headquarters on the ss. Zafiro, where two com panies of the Second Oregon were on duty, until about 4 o’clock in the afternoon, the Zafiro lying off Parañaque beach. Other companies of the Second Oregon were on the transport Kwong Hoi. Company A, commanded by Captain H. L. Heath, was among them. When Merritt, commanding the American forces, decided to come ashore, the Zafiro and the Kwong Hoi moved northward and entered the river and the Second Oregon disembarked on the south bank of the river, formed, and pro ceeded to the Ayuntamiento and the Plaza de Armas (now Plaza de McKinley), entering the city through Puerto Postigo. To the Ayuntamiento the Spaniards were coming, to surrender; Americans were taking their places in the trenches round about the city. Anxiety and confusion prevailed through out the day among the Spaniards, by no means all of whom, even of the officers,' were informed in full as to the arrangements for the occasion; officers hardly knew what their own conduct should be, much less what commands to give their men, until quite late in the action. After landing and establishing headquarters in the Ayuntamiento, Merritt got word that confusion was such at Fort Santiago that trouble might arise there in the official raising of the American colors and taking possession of the citadel. Flag Lieutenant Bromby, from the Olympic, had come ashore with the flag to hoist it over Fort Santiago, and he applied for troops to assist him. Merritt had Captain Heath and his company detailed to this duty; they ac cordingly proceeded to the fort about 4:30 o’clock, lowered the Red and Gold from where they were still flying at full mast over a redoubt, and, when Bromby appeared, raised aloft, in the place of the Spanish colors, the Stars and Stripes. Bromby took the Spanish flag away with him. Captain Heath detailed a lieutenant and a squad of men as color guard, and returned to the Ayuntamiento with the rest of the company. The flag remained at full mast all night. Át that time, of course, Captain Heath had no idea who Bromby was; he was merely complying with his duty to assist in the raising of the flag. About the same time, the Stars and Stripes and Merritt’s blue headquarters flag were raised over the western balcony of the Ayuntamiento. Our data are directly from Captain Heath and from Millet’s The Expedition to the Phil ippines, Captain Heath corroborating Millet’s account. Captain Heath’s subsequent career has been in the Philippines, where everyone knows him in business and as a director of the Chamber of Commerce who helped in its or ganization and was for several years its president. He is now a director and a vice-president. On Sunday, August 14, 1898, he returned to Fort Santiago and took quarters with his company in the ordnance department, to look after Spanish war materials there. On Monday he went on a tour of investigation into the fort proper, and found a Spanish soldier still on guard at the Carlos gate. Guardia, no más, the man explained, letting the American pass. Captain Heath’s duties and quarters were soon changed, and, until Thursday, July 25, only a few days ago, when he courteously went with the editor of the Journal to point out the precise spot where the American tolors were officially raised over the Philippines, he had not been back to the place once—duty had not called him there. He has since been back again, Occupied by Dewey after the Battle of Manila Bay, May 1, 1898.—Commandant’s residence. however, with a delegation from the Philip pine Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution, who will, with the consent of the proper officials, mark with a bronze tablet the spot where the flag was raised. The resistance the color guard encountered when it lowered the Red and Gold and raised in their stead the Stars and Stripes, was the resentment of an artillery colonel’s daughter —young, red-haired and beautiful. She would have flung the men from the wall, or have im molated herself to redeem the situation; but at last her family, especially her old father, was able to quiet her and get her into the house, which is still standing as it stood then. Back at the Ayuntamiento, where the Span iards were coming in, Captain Heath saw another sight that remains vivid in his memory. A major of engineers rode in at the head of his men. His manner was correct, eyes front, head high, shoulders straight and soldierly; but tears which he could not check streamed down his trenchburnt cheeks. Relief was the general attitude of the weary men, some 11,000 all told, including two or three regiments of Macabebe troops, many of whom were afterward sent to Spain, at their own request, along with the repatriated Spaniards. In the building of the ordnance department where Captain Heath was on provost duty, at the beginning were some 200 halberds—equip ment of the Spanish guards that used to be on duty at the fort, at Plaza Militar, at Malaca ñang and the Ayuntamiento. Officers among the Americans wanted these, but had to procure official permits to get them—which, one by one, they did until the souvenirs were all gone. Amer ica paid for the Spanish military property. The staff on which the flag was raised over Fort Santiago stood at the northeast angle of the coping on the southernmost redoubt on the western wall of the fort, a location almost directly opposite the main entrance of the office building of the ordnance department. Outside the redoubt, toward the bay shore, over which it frowned in close proximity during Spanish times, is a bastion surrounding a powder house, or polverin, still utilized as such. Batteries of bronze muzzle-loading 15-centimeter cannon are still in place over both redoubt and bastion. Fort Santiago has fared well in the hands of the American army, and Major General Douglas MacArthur, now commanding general of the Philippine department, is interesting himself in the history of the old place. He will no doubt contribute to its preservation. Never theless, carelessness crops up; as, on the day the redoubt was visited, for the better accommoda tion of some new tennis courts on the wall nearby an old guadalupe coping some two feet in height was being removed, and the symmetry of this section of the wall thus destroyed. Would that the coping, immaterial as it is, might stand as it was under Spain; it is quite a part of the city’s priceless historical treasure. The courtesy of Colonel Odus C. Horney, ordnance officer, and of Major Glenn P. Wil helm, of the department intelligence staff, must be acknowledged. Colonel Horney furnished the Journal several memoranda, valuable source material for future articles; Major Wilhelm showed the way to the redoubt and rendered much other assistance. Let us make the rounds of the guns, spiked but otherwise ready for firing. Their carriages are a product of old Seville; with wooden blocks under the breeches, their crews could Set them at various angles, for longer or shorter range, and the approaches to the fort on this side, from every direction, land or sea, could be defended by their concentrated fire. Beginning where the flag was raised, we shall circle from right to left round the redoubt, then in the same manner round the parapet of the outer bastion. On the redoubt, the first of the cannon is the Marciano, No. 1793, Seville, 1788. Then come Teodosio and D. Diego de Sangran. Next The result of over half a century of refining experience SOCONY MOTOR OILS AND MOTOR GASOLINE Remember that SOCONY is Standard IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 6 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL August, 1929 is Pedro 3° de Aragon, No. 8791, Seville, 1857, and next Alfonso el Católico. Then San Aquino, March 8, 1793, Seville; San Anacleto, April 6, 1793, Seville; Aster.opeo, Almirante Lezo, El Miserable and San Boromeo. The El Miserable was cast in Manila, at the fundición from which calle Fundición takes name, October 4, 1803. Search did not discover El Horroroso, which Captain Heath recalled as being somewhere on the walls of the fort when the Americans oc cupied the place. Maybe it is among the his torical relics the Spaniards had sent back to Spain. Its proportions were gigantic. Regularity in numbering the pieces cast at Manila does not seem to have been followed, but perhaps they were quite numerous. On the outer bastion, the first gun is El Misera ble, duplicating the name of one on the redoubt; it too is a Manila product, dating October 12, 1803, two days prior to its fellow of the inner defenses. The next is the Carlos Boromeo, Fundición de Manila, 21 de Die., 1788, No. 1; so here, perhaps, is something dating the Manila foundry. The next is the San Catalino de Zena, Manila, April 30, 1796, No. 100. Then come, right to left as we make the round, El Acogido, Seville, September 5, 1783; San Lazaro, Manila, December 16, 1803; Agrabiado, Seville, Decem ber 5, 1783, No. 1274; Alexandro, Seville, Decem ber 19, 1783, No. 2163 (disclosing how busy the Seville foundry then was); Agraciado, Seville, October 3, 1783, No. 1254; and finally the Nati vidad de N. S., or Birth of Our Lady, Manila, September 8, 1798. It is raining, preparing to deluge the city as it did thirty-one years ago while Dewey’s fleet covered the American advance up the beach. Well, enough data for an article. Let’s go! Philippine Raw Products For America’s Factories G. C. Howard U. S. Trade Commissioner, Manila If the raw material users of the United States were to meet in convention to outline specifi cations for an ideal source of present and future imported supplies of tropical raw materials, the result of their most optimistic imaginings would probably read about as follows: (1) A place from which there would be no import duty. (2) A place whose productiveness is unques tionably proven. (3) A place where the possibilities for future expansion are many times greater than present production. Here their ideas might diverge according to the business requirements of the individual. The tire manufacturer would want a land where rub ber would thrive. The perfume manufacturer would require a source for the supply of essentials oils. The confectioners and foodstuffs people would want sugar, tinned fruits, vegetable oils, shredded coconut, coffee, cacao; the rope makers, hemp; cigar makers, tobacco and wrapper leaf. The manufacturing chemists would require a variety of crude drugs such as camphor, quinine, dozens of other products of tropical forestry. Cabinet makers would want hardwoods, tan neries would require tanning extracts, hat makers their fibre, the paint maker, lumbang oil. The oil mills would require copra and peanuts. It is probable that there would be considerable astonishment expressed if one of the delegates to this imaginary convention made the statement that a source exists which answers all of these spe cifications, and still adds to the list. They would possibly be still more astonished were they to learn that they need not leave American ter ritory to fulfill all their requirements for this ideal source of supply for tropical products, only having to turn to the Philippine Islands for a part of their present requirements in these items and for a far greater part of these require ments in the future. A glance at what the Philippines has supplied to the United States in the past, what she is sup plying at present, and at the future possibilities of these fertile and productive Islands should be a great interest to American industrialists who Cólors on the Wall opposite Cuartel de España, Walled City, Manila, in the early years of the American period, before the walls were cleaned and the moat parked. The site is not the identical one, but is similar to the one where the Flag was officially raised. Captain Heath formerly had a picture of the raising of the colors over Fort Santiago, but has lost it. Others should be extant, but none was procurable for this article. Scurrying through the passage under the wall, we leave the guns to the weather. They are bronze, pure stuff that was the pride of Seville’s best craftsmen; and they will be as they are today, as new as when they were shipped from Cadiz round Good Hope, when many more centuries shall have passed. Where they stand changeless, there was the American flag raised up. need tropical products in their manufacturing processes. A scant twenty-five years ago, the Philippines were selling to the United States, annually, goods to the value of a little over $13,000,000. During the year 1927, her exports to the United States topped the $116,000,000 mark. Amer ica’s purchase from the Islands during 1927 included sugar to the value of $48,000,000, co conut products worth $43,000,000, hemp valued at $12,000,000, tobacco and tobacco products having the value of $4,000,000, and miscellan eous items worth $9,000,000, which included such diversified items as reptile skins, hats, embroid ery, coral, canned fruit, glue, pearl buttons, sponges and lumber. We Have The Largest and Most Complete Stock of Drygoods in the Philippines If you need silks, linens, cottons, or notions you can serve yourself bt 1 by choosing from our large stocks We also carry haberdashery, and make men’s suits and shirts Manuel Pellicer y Co., Inc. 44 Escolta, Manila Phone 2-11-06 In spite of this remarkable growth of demand for the products of the Islands which has oc curred in the United States, the ability of the Philippine Islands to supply America’s require ments is still awaiting a test. Only 20 per cent of the available agricultural land of the Phil ippines is under cultivation, and only 41 per cent of her available labor is thus engaged. Much of her land which now lies idle during eight months of the year could be utilized between eight and twelve months. Her available water power is unharnessed. Her mineral deposits are practically untouched. Much of her ter ritory is as yet unexplored. Great areas of her timberlands are virgin, and even the develop ment of her agriculture is as yet mainly on a basis of 2J^ acre farms employing, with few exceptions, only hand labor. The Philippine Islands are, however, gradual ly feeling their way toward modern economic development. Recent indications show that the realization is coming that large, well-organized and efficiently operated business, agricultural and manufacturing entities are far more pro ductive, and far more remunerative to all con cerned that the individual acre, the small home industry and the wayside “tienda.” With this realization are coming the beginnings of adjust ment of the commercial outlook, and the tran sition from a mediaeval to a modern economic and industrial society. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL x * UgU5L, inn ^nAivioniz ur LUMMZKGZ JUUKNAL One of the vitally essential matters now receiving increasing and intelligent attention from producers of Philippine products is that of standardization of grades, lack of which has in the past had an unfortunate effect on the re putation of certain Philippine products in export markets. Several of the more important of the products of the Islands such as coconuts, abaca and tobac co, which have in the past been produced by innumerable small growers and passed through several hands before reaching the exporter, are now receiving the intelligent attention of large growers and large-scale producers who are improving, standardizing and eliminating waste in both production and handling. What the Philippines produces today is but a fraction of what can be produced in her territory and her $156,000,000 of annual exports to all countries today is but a fraction of her possibil ities as a supplier of products which the United States needs, and for some of which the United States is now dependent on foreign countries. At present there are combinations controlled abroad in nine raw materials needed and im ported by American industries, and other virtual monopolies influenced through benevolent po licies of interested governments. There are also some thirty additional commodities im ported by the United States which are suscep tible to such foreign control. The more important, complete and partial controls include rubber, quinine, camphor, and coffee. All of these can be produced in the Philippine Islands, and, when they are produced, there is a ready market waiting, for the United States can consume all the Islands can produce for many decades. Weather You Like It or Not! You swelter, perspire and shiver with heat, You’re weary and bleary and feeling dead beat; You’ve got not the tiniest bit of ambition, You say, “My, this heat puts one in condition!” You snivel and sneeze and cough into your hanky, Your nose is the proof that you’re not Vilma Banky; You dodge the typhoons and you wear an um brella, You say, “Gosh, this weather ain’t hard on a fella!” You start in the morning dolled up in a sweater, You find out by noon a chemise would feel better; You get all steamed up, then go out in a breeze, And first thing you know you have started to sneeze. You see the thermometer says ninety-nine, Yet you write to the folks that the climate is fine; And so you are fated to steam and perspire In brimstone forever—because you’re a liar. —A. R. E. South Gate to Manila, through which American troops entered the city August 13, 1898. This gate was rebuilt too low and narrow for state uses after the British siege guns destroyed the original one in 1762 . The street lost its name of calle Real, therefore, which went to the one still bearing it, down which the progress of many a royal governor and archbishop has moved in solemn pomp. Early in the American period, this gate was removed in order to widen what then was calle Nozaleda and is now calle General Luna; for mercy’s sake not Gral Luna, for Gral. is the abbreviation of the Spanish word General, their G having the sound of our H, their vowels being broad, e as in whey, a as in ah, and the accent on the third syllable. The Prodigal So they sent him back On a freighter To the old New England Town. Where years before He had heard the Heathen’s call; Where twenty years Before, The First Church Congregation Had listened to a Farewell sermon On “Sacrifice”. He saw The scarlet sunset Of the southern seas And again He heard the call Of the Heathen And the langorous Song of the East. But the Orient call Was the loudest And it stilled The heathen’s cry; So he lingered Under the palm trees As he sipped the lotus Brew, While the Book In the chest of Camphor wood Was covered with mold And dust. Back to the cold New England Hills, To geranium fringed Windows and to shelves EFFICIENCY TODAY efficiency is the password to success, and efficiency and poor vision are incompatible. Whatever your vocation may be, you cannot possibly be doing your best work if your eyes are not functioning normally. Defective vision impairs the quality of work you produce; it does not allow you to work to your full capacity; and it pulls you down in physical fitness. Have your eyes examined. Always the best in quality but never hi ¿her in price And shelves Of faded green Books of Cotton Mather And Fox’s Book of Martyrs. ’Tis harder to die In an alcoved bed Than under sunlit Skies. “Speak, Brother, Before you join The Master’s throng— Speak, Brother! We want to hear Of thy yn-rS Of holy s. fice.” The silent ± mourners Waited And the black-frocked Elder prayed While two eyes That were sightless But seeing Beckoned a Fond “Maria!” And lips that Were parched With fever Shouted a farewell “Damn!” —Gilbert S. Perez. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL THE AMERICAN UtlAlVltiPK up uuivuvir^ujz juuKrt/iL rtUgUSL; X^4, Americans Occupy Manila: August 13, 1898 From “Leroy” Commemorating the American Occupation of Manila, August 13, 1898, we published Leroy’s authoritative account of the event. The reader will find other material in this issue on the same subject. It will all serve to refresh the memory of oldtimers and to inform the younger reader—for auld lan£ syne.—Ed. The American troops had been organized by an order of General Merritt on August 1 into the Second Division of the Eighth Army Corps, under command of General Anderson, composed of two brigades under command respectively of generals MacArthur and Greene. The navy was all ready for the attack on August 9; but, besides the pending negotiations with the Spanish authorities, delay seems to have been caused by General Merritt’s request that the attack be made on Saturday, August 13, when the tide in the estuaries between the American forces and the Spanish trenches and Fort Antonio de Abad would be most favorable for fording. Mean while, the ground was thoroughly reconnoitered by various daring American officers and privates. On August 12, General Anderson prepared the formal plan of attack for the 8500 troops who were in position in the two brigades south of Manila. Merritt himself did not come on shore, but kept his headquarters on the navy transport Zafiro, from which he could watch the operations and move promptly into the city when the time should come. His instructions to his forces on shore were sent over on the night before the attack, in the form of a memorandum for general officers in camp regarding the possible action of Saturday, August 13, and the next morning his adjutant landed with precise instructions as to the posting of troops in the various parts of the city after it was entered. * * * The morning of August 13 was misty and cloudy, hampering signal communication between the vessels and the shore. At nine o’clock the Olympia led most of the fleet into position off the fort below Malate. The Monterey, however, steamed in as close as the shallow water would permit in front of the walled city, and trained her guns on the Luneta battery; while the Con cord took position off the mouth of the Pasig, ready to open on the battery there or to meet any movement to escape on the part of the vessels in the river. The Olympia opened fire on Fort Antonio at half past nine, followed by the Raleigh and Petrel and the little captured gunboat Callao. The navy fire, which continued, more or less spasmodically during an hour, did no great damage to the Spanish fort or other works, and probably was not meant to do so. The guns of the Utah artillery, firing from a thousand yards on land, raked the parapet of the crumb ling old fort, and finally a shell from one of the vessels exploded its magazine; but this was all wasted ammunition, for the fort never fired in return, and was abandoned almost at the first shot, in accordance with the plans which General Tejeiro had secretly promulgated for a retreat. * * * Various circumstances combined to interfere with this programme of outward show: among them, the withdrawal of the Spanish right more rapidly than had been expected, under the Utah artillery fire and the advance of. the Colorado infantry; the raising of the red (sic) flag on the fort somewhat earlier, therefore, than the troops farther inland were expecting it, while they had become occupied also quite vigorously with MacArthur’s brigade in front of Singalong and with the insurgents at Santa Ana; the fact also that the Spanish plans of retreaj had been confided to but a few of the general officers, and one or two of them were incensed and quite ready to take some comfort out of shortlived resistance to the Americans. Acting under his modified instructions, General Greene had started the Colorado volunteers forward upon the Spanish position about three quarters of an hour after the bombardment began, and the navy was then signaled to cease firing. The Colorado troops went gayly to the attack, rapidly fording the estuary, rushing into the old IN RESPONDING fort from behind, raising the American flag over it, and then starting to follow up the Span iards who were withdrawing into Malate. Op position, . however, had developed from the Spanish trenches on the right and bullets also came from the Spaniards who had retreated into Malate; one man was killed while raising a flag over a house, and several were wounded. But the Eighteenth Infantry and Third Artillery had been ordered forward against the * trenches Cavite’s Main Street: Calle Trece Mártires Atlantic Gulf and Pacific Co. OF MANILA ENGINEERS MANUFACTURERS CONTRACTORS 71-77 Muelle de la Industria MANILA, P. I. TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL on the right near the beach, and their occupants were speedily in full retreat. At the same time, General MacArthur’s brigade farther eastward had begun its advance, the Astor and one of the Utah batteries dragging their guns along by hand, after they had driven the Spaniards out of the blockhouses on that part of the line. The resistance to Greene’s brigade, such as there was, was all over. The troops held in reserve came along up the beach; the Nebraskans marched in toward the walled city on the sand the gunboat Callao guarding them; the Cali fornia and Colorado troops were reformed in the streets of Malate and, together with the Eigh teenth Infantry, proceeded slowly through that suburb and Ermita, toward the open space between the latter and the walled town; while along the two parallel streets of the suburbs the Third Artillery battery and the Tenth Pennsyl vania followed them. A battalion of the Eigh teenth Regulars elicited some spirited firing for a few moments from the Spanish troops; there 11 was also some stray shooting from the houses, and Mauser bullets were heard at intervals coming from the right, where the insurgents were pressing into the city, around the right of Mac Arthur’s troops; these circumstances made the advance through the suburbs somewhat slow. General Greene himself had ridden for ward and came out into the open space in front of the Luneta at one o’clock, to see the white flag flying conspicuously on the southwest angle of the city walls, where it had been displayed since eleven o’clock,—the hour at which the American soldiers had entered the fort at Malate, —and perhaps longer. Admiral Dewey had at that hour signaled the city, Do you surrender? and the reply in the international code had been a request for conference. The personal rep resentatives of the American chiefs in com mand, Flag-Lieutenant Brumby and Colonel Whittier, had at once gone ashore, and were in conference with the Spanish authorities inside the walls when Greene’s troops arrived outside these old fortifications and faced the Spanish soldiers who lined their top and other Spanish troops who were retreating confusedly from the southeastward, each side uncertain as to what should be its attitude toward the other. When the Spanish troops in the suburb of Santa Ana initiated their rather premature retreat, they were pressed closely by the in surgents, and one or two small detachments with officers were captured. This force of insurgents was now pushing on toward the walled city, and up the Pako road toward the walls there came also a large force of Filipinos who had moved with no resistance around MacArthur’s right. Shots between them and the troops on the walls and those retreating to the gates were being exchanged, and, as the American reg iments came out into the open space stretching back from the bay, they also joined in. Several men of the California regiment, which, under General Smith, was endeavoring to block the Pako road to the insurgents were hit. Most of all, there was danger of a promiscuous engage ment, in the then bewildered state of mind of the various troops and their commanders. * * * The Spanish officers were as eager to prevent this indiscriminate firing as were the Americans, and communicated to General Greene from the walls that negotiations for the capitulation were going on at headquarters. He thereupon went inside, improving the opportunity to commu nicate with General Merritt, through Colonel Whittier, the condition of the forces on land. The Spaniards offered no great objections to the general conditions of the capitulation as pro posed by the Americans, although the specific terms were not agreed upon until the following THE YOKOHAMA SPECIE BANK . LTD. 1 -• (ESTABLISHED 1880) HEAD OFFICE: YOKOHAMA, JAPAN Yen Capital (Paid Up) - - - - 100,000,000.00 Reserve Fund - 105,500,000.00 Undivided Profits . . . - 9,346,622.43 MANILA BRANCH 600 DASMARINAS, MANILA K. YABUKI Manager PHONE 2-37-59—MANAGER PHONE 1 2-37-58—Export, Current Account, Cashier I 2-37-55—Import, Accountant day. Meanwhile, their consent to surrender caused the Oregon troops, who were awaiting on small transports at Cavite, to be sent for, that they might enter and police the walled city. It was General Greene’s prescribed duty to march his troops across the river and distribute them as guards in the business and residence sections north of the Pasig. * * * General MacArthur’s troops had been as signed to occupy all suburbs of the city south of the Pasig. But, as has been seen, they had met some resistance, through the failure of the plans for a united withdrawal of the Spanish outer line, and perhaps also through a desire of the Spanish officers facing them to have the sat isfaction of a fight. The terrain in which this Sta. Lucia Gate, Manila brigade had to operate was much more difficult than that nearer the bay, while the unwillingness of Merritt to ask for more insurgent trenches or to extend the line farther inland had made it impossible to prepare as well as might have been done for an attack. The firing of insurgents on their right, where they had massed in numbers for several days, brought MacArthur’s men under the Spanish fire early in the morning held their places, however, until the ;king had compelled the abandonment of the blockhouses in front and the American Flag gone up on Fort San Antonio. In the thicks near Singalong, they met vigorous resistance to their advance from intrenched troops who were under cover. General Anderson authorized them to move around to the left and follow Greene’s men into the city but they were too heavily engaged. An advance party of Min nesota volunteers and of Astor Battery men, with no arms but revolvers, charged the Spanish position against considerable odds; the main body of the Twenty-third Infantry and Min nesota volunteers supported them, and the resistance was soon over. The brigade moved on cautiously, however, through the uncertain territory, and it was 1:30 before it was discovered that all the Spaniards had withdrawn from the front—some time before, in fact. These forces then pushed on to occupy the districts assigned to them, and thus made contact with the troops which Greene had sent to keep the insurgents out on the southeast. The latter had, however, fully established themselves in some of the southern districts of the city, and were helping themselves to the Spanish military barracks. The Oregon troops were policing the walled city and had begun to receive the surrender of arms from the Spanish soldiers who had retreated thither, and also to occupy their military quar ters, before the bases of the capitulation were finally agreed upon, late in the afternoon, upon the arrival of General Merritt at the new head quarters. It was only after the announcement of its terms that the Spanish flag was hauled down from over Fort Santiago, in the corner of the walled town, and the American flag went up in its place, at 5:30p. m. Even then, the capit ulation was not put into formal shape until the following day. The Spaniards were conceded a surrender with the honors of war (which was in agreement with their previous stipulation and with the hypothesis that this was a surrender rather than a capture); but there were some difficulties about minor points, particularly as to the return of the arms of the troops, to which the Americans finally consented, in case either party should afterward evacuate the city. The most important difficulty lay in their desire to interpose a preamble, much in the form of the preliminaries to a formal treaty, prescribing especially conditions as to the public and private property of the city. The Americans insisted that all public property and public funds should be surrendered to them, pending peace nego tiations, and closed the articles of the capitula tion as adopted with this declaration (on the lines of those governing General Scott’s oc cupancy of Mexico City): This city, its inhab itants, its churches and religious worship, its educational establishments, and its private property of all descriptions are placed under the special safeguard of the faith and honor the American army.” All the Spanish troops defending the city did not surrender until the afternoon of Sunday, August 14. That morning word was sent out to the com manders of the outer Spanish line running from the river near Santa Mesa northwest to the bay * * * to come in and lay down their arms, and the American line was pushed out to cover practically the ground which Ithey had held. The Spaniards stated that they wou d surrender over 13,000 troops, and they did eventually turn over about that many Mauser and Remington rifles; but most of their native os had been lost by desertion, and there were fewer than 9,000 soldiers under arms in the city, including two practically complete regiments of native troops. Nearly $900,000 (value in Mexican silver) were captured, P750,000 being in the public treasury and the rest in the custom-house and other dependencies of the administration. The Americans had taken possession, on the after noon of the 13th, of the captain-of-the-port’s office, this over the protest of the Spanish of ficerincharge, who, in spite of the overwhelming military force surrounding him, declared that he dared not surrender the office unless given a written statement that he had yielded only to {Please turn to page 25 col. 3) IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL PntL AMt'KICAN UrVU/h ^X^OZS JUUJXLXAL, FREE TRADE—CONDITIONALLY The program for the Philippines under the leadership of State Secre tary Stimson, who was governor here for a while last year and still keeps a hand upon insular affairs, seems to be this: Sugar until it rouses the cupidity of homeland sugar interests, then no more sugar; copra until it runs counter to homeland cotton interests, then no more copra; Manila hemp until frowned upon by sisal growers and their New York bankers, then no more hemp; tobacco and cigars only on the most modest scale, not to antagonize Havana, Tampa and Key West; but camphor, rubber and coffee as makeshifts, since we can grow them and no competing homeland interests are to take into account. But there are surely powerful American financial interests behind Brazilian coffee, now bursting bodegas in San Paulo, by the way; maybe we could not go far in coffee either without giving offense. The primary purpose of having a little rubber here is to stabilize the market with it;’ and the islands might well grow a good deal of rubber, but even to grow a large portion of all the world requires would not effect the islands’ economic salvation. Similarly, we surmise that camphor in redemption of the caingins in Mindanao—those burnt-over areas now devoured by cogon and scrub timber—would not furnish homesteads to the millions of young peas ants who need them, nor provide the augmented revenues the government wants for schools, hospitals, roads, bridges and ports. Ours is the problem of tilling ten acres where we now till one, which means we must grow everything for which there is demand, and as much of everything as we can grow. Stimson led in defeating for the time being the move to levy duties upon Philippine products entering the United States. His work to this end is appreciated widely in the islands. But we cannot permanently prosper upon palliations and postponements. For instance, there could be no surer way of getting ourselves deprived of free trade with the homeland than to restrict opportunities in any field the privilege opens; to create, as this would do, a monopoly, as in the sugar industry were restriction practiced, or monopolies in which a few people in the islands, and by no means all, should benefit directly from the priv ilege. There could be no surer way of forfeiting the privilege, that is to say, than to abuse it on the one hand and to act as if we really are not entitled to it on the other. A principle underlies free trade within all the territory over which the flag is sovereign. Folly alone would compromise that prin ciple in the homeland by making deals, agreements and concessions effect ing its limited application—in lieu of its natural and unrestricted encourage ment to all alike. Free trade with America portends that we shall have in the Philippines that share of the national commerce and industry invited by natural advantages, if such exist—no more, no less. The alternative is not restriction of production, a blushing way of saying we profit from a privilege to which we are not entitled, that really we are filching from Amer ica’s pocket; the alternative to frée trade is one, one only—political separa tion of the islands from America. We have heretofore remarked the fact that advantage in free trade with the Philippines lies with America, that it is vital to her merchant marine on the Pacific, that it enables her to exchange goods fully man ufactured for raw and semi-raw products affording her additional profits and employment of labor in their elaboration. It is for us to remain frank and unmoved in our position, and for America to decide. The conse quences of deceiving her would be disastrous. RESOCIALIZATION OF CURED LEPERS For the laudable purpose of ascertaining where some two thousand cured lepers discharged during the past three or four years from Culion are living and how they are faring, the anti-leprosy society is trying to raise P20,000 in contributions from the public. This preliminary step toward resocialization of cured lepers -may well be undertaken by the so ciety, and aided by the public; it has received commendation in our pages. But actual resocialization of the cured leper is a problem obviously to be undertaken by the government. Two paramount obstacles exclude from this work all other entities; no other entity has the resources, no other entity could find its way safely through the mazes of the law. Inducing a changed viewpoint on the part of the public respecting cured lepers is an educational process dependent to a vital degree upon additional scientific information concerning the persons affected. Many doors are rightly closed to anyone who has ever had leprosy even in the mildest form, since it is not known with scientific accuracy that the malady will not reappear in any individual once its victim. Until more reliable data on this point are available, reluctance to associate with cured lepers or to employ them either as domestics or in industries and the professions is not prejudice only, it is rather due precaution. But whatever it is, it is and will not be readily overcome. The debility from which cured lepers suffer is still another bar to their direct resocialization immediately upon discharge from observation, and the desirability of maintaining immunity from relapse by periodical re course to the specific is another. The place to begin the resocialization of cured lepers is upon govern ment reservations which ought to be established at advantageous points. No stigma would attach to them; they would, on the contrary, attract the world’s favorable attention. Leaving Culion, the cured leper should bear credentials to the Constabulary, who should thenceforth keep in touch with him. If he makes out well, then well and good. But if—as will be the general experience—he finds no welcome nor anything to do, his estab lishment upon a reservation should be facilitated. There he might wish to live out his days, and there could be no objection. This phase of leper work should be diligently taken up by the government, in the hope, if not the fully justified expectation, that leprosy may be eradicated from the Philippines within two or three generations; or that it may at least be greatly minimized and controlled, and the cured may be resocialized and made reasonably happy without any material drain upon the treasury. Toward defraying the staff expense of the reservations, the charitable could contribute. But soon, with the products of field and industry, the reserva tions would perhaps all be self-sustaining communities. As communities, indeed, they should be organized and encouraged to carry on in their own behalf. WRIGHTLY SPEAKING Ben F. Wright, insular auditor, is vacating the office November 1 and turning it over to Creed Hammond of Oregon, whom Hoover appointed (the Senate not having to confirm the nomination) soon after Wright, on July 6, submitted his resignation for the purpose of having it accepted or obtaining a direct expression of presidential support. A bizarre pro cedure? Perhaps, but there had been departure from the policy to which Wright adhered—the Wood policy—and it had been a perpetual open season for getting the auditor’s goat ever since this fact penetrated the con sciousness of officials who either have cause to wish for more lenient scru tiny of their accounts or who have other reasons for wanting a new man with whom to deal. Hammond has been heading a bureau of the war department from which the rule of quadrennial rotation retired him. He has enjoyed bank ing experience in Oregon. Governor Davis recalls him as one who did his Washington work well. Manila generally regrets Wright’s resignation, without much blaming him for submitting it. Editorial comment indicates the appreciation of his qualities that is felt even among men who seldom stood with him in the controversies to which many of his actions led. El Debate, among others, came out with a commendable expression along this line. All seem ready to admit that, whatever fancied or real faults they found in the man, he has been a capital auditor of the accounts of the Philippine government and an unceasing influence for rectitude in office. It is he of course who drove the government to undertake the probes that may result in good; during six years rascals have had cause to dread his inquiries. The public has enjoyed the spectacular in his administration, and the reflection which this notoriety has provoked in the minds of thousands of readers may have had sound moral influence. Is the public works bureau right, or Wright? Is the posts director right, or Wright? People ponder these questions seriously, and seem to hold with Wright. It was his effort to compel the public works bureau to obtain certificates from the auditor as to the availability of funds in the treasury before essaying to enter into contracts (the code so providing in plain language), that told most on his energies and culminated in his resignation at a time he seeks a hearing in the Federal supreme court at Washington. He doesn’t abandon positions readily; he almost never does abandon them. Holding this particular one, he opposed the governor general, the secretary of war (now the governor general), the commerce department, the public works bureau and the deci sion of the Philippine supreme court. The decision got confused in one quarter with the court itself, and Wright endured a fine of F500, summary arrest and threat of imprisonment. Corking news, all of this, making the people talk and some of them think. It followed closely, too, that dramatic midnight at the piers, when August, 1929 THE AMERICA CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 11 Wright personally aided the Manila police to take into custody the posts director, who was departing for London as a postal envoy of the islands to a world postal conference—not having complied with what Wright thinks is the law and obtained the auditor’s clearance the law purports to require. The bar to the clearance is an alleged shortage of about P350,000, quite a sum of taxes. Is the posts director right, or Wright? Not Americans alone, but Filipinos, ponder the situation seriously. That many of the latter hold with Wright is clear enough from their proffers of assistance, the officials even, of one province, reporting their willingness to cover his fine. But the better part of Wright’s work as insular auditor is more sub stantial than the incidents related, more explanatory of the esteem in which the man is held as an insular official. The better part is the constructive part, the financial counsel to LeoUnderstanding Our Age By President Rafael Palma University of the Philippines The thousands of diplomas issued by our colleges each year are a positive proof of the eagerness of our young people to attain higher education, and thus satisfy their longing for individual advancement. The pertinent ques tion now is: Have our colleges measured up to their responsibilities? Have they imbued Philip pine youth with the spirit of the age, and the principles which animate it? For without such knowledge our young men and women would not be in a position to understand the questions of the day nor to help in the solution of our national problem, which, in the last analysis, are but the offshoots of the problems of all mankind. It has often been said that one of the manysided functions of college education is to train the reasoning power so hs to enable it to analyze and investigate the whys and the wherefores of things, to develop a mind open to all kinds of truths and doctrines, ready to consider all ques tions from a universal vantage point, regardless of local prejudices, racial, sectarian or otherwise, and rationally tolerant^of the opinion, advice and counsel of others. The college man should be imbued with a clear notion of the trend of world thought and of the stage of development of ideas and human institutions in other lands. Education would fall short of its mission if it did not impart other information than that ne cessary to the exercise of a calling or profession, if it did not open the vision of the student to what lies beyond the horizons of his country, and if it did not stimulate him to think of what he himself can do toward enrichment of the stock of human knowledge and the promotion of human welfare on earth. The world, as it is found today, is an aggre gate of interdependent and related units. The centuries of seclusion and isolation are gone. Day by day, there is a growing feeling that peoples are bound to each other as a result ofjhe multiplication of means of communication and trade. For such reason there is a closer obser vation and assertive intimacy among the races, in an attempt to evolve a common mentality and bring about those spiritual connections essential to the elimination of conflicts and mis understandings. It goes without saying that only through edu cation can this ideal be attained. Education, of all the social forces at work in the world, is the least self-complacent. It never ceases to in vent, to throw aside what it has invented with the view of building a new structure on the ruins of its own creation. Education partakes of the unconquerable restlessness, of the eternal dissatisfaction that inspires the production of a masterpiece. It is never contented with what it has produced. It is because of this that edu cation is a source of lif 1 ’ Education has always sobraced new theories, and illuminate the human co awaken in it a longing for fortable life. It seems to me that one our present mental scope thresh out our problems in conditions without taking a glance at the world with< good fortune to go around once and having observec evidences of progress, as a result of changing in stitutions, I feel I can say with some authority that the advancement and prosperity of most peoples have been made possible in proportion as they have felt less regard for tradition and have accepted the new; less adherence to the prejudices and habits of the past, and more desire to forge ahead through repeated ventures and trials in the darkness to discover new light. Consequently, in considering our pedagogical problems, we should bear in mind that we are dealing with an age entirely different from that which we knew in our infancy. I wonder if what has been the greatest achievement of our age is generally understood? To me, it has been the declaration of_the rights of man. Individual freedom, as against individual absorption, is the distinguishing characteristic of our age. It marks the boun daries of the old and the new world. The rights of man have been known since the twilight of antiquity, but the institutions which regulate human conduct were long dom inated by a spirit antagonistic to the recognition of these rights. The family, the church and the state were dominated by a spirit of absolutism. The individual was subjected to the tyranny of eaéhr one of these institutions. Man was not free to think, to speak, to feel or to act in accordance with his own nature, but only according to a pattern of life previously laid out. mwt co- ■ nrrr ahr •' ; of trGubk O'. r:v.- ; k v<Hd moo . -i 'A t’x arte In the family, this absolutism manifested itself in the absorption of the individuality of the members by the father and husband. The father was the center of gravity of the whole system. The wife, as well as the children, were mere accessories and owed him blind obedience. What he said was law. This authority even extended to the right of repudiating his wife and of bartering away his sons. In the church, the communicant was a mere numeral. He had to accept certain established dogmas of the faith without the slightest dis cussion, and to consider as damned those who did not believe and worship as he did. He was forbidden to deal with them, and could even deny them bread and water, because mere contact with them was contaminating. Every new idea or doctrine which departed from what was commonly accepted was tabooed, and those professing such ideas were subjected to merciless torture or martyrdom. ^Xn the state, the head was s <- .1 !jwill was supreme. He had to ■ citizens under his jurisdiction w- .v u - and vassals. He appointed or -c.-jo veo ’ nard Wood, who effected amendments to the islands’ finance and banking laws, reorganization of the Philippine National Bank, restoration of the currency to par and resumption of the free sale of exchange at the treasury at nominal rates. Wright was relied upon in all of this. No doubt the temperate view which time will make possible of his period as auditor will confirm the impression that it is one preeminently of constructive tone, as it will show his unflagging inclination to economize taxes and give the people the most possible for their money. This latter evokes their present gratitude, but the former is perhaps destined to win their truer apprecia tion. In the large and in meticulous detail, Wright always stood for the people and their welfare. They know it—-they the Filipinos. And they appreciate it. _ _______________________________________ officials for no other consideration than that they had pleased or displeased him. He apportioned territories for them to govern in utter disregard of the will of the inhabitants and even in the face of their protest. He could, with impunity, kill and plunder, and even abuse the honor of maidens and wives. The law was whatever pleased the prince. Naturally, under these conditions, education prepared the individual to obey and not to discuss; to bear with resignation the abuses and crimes of the authorities, because it was then the belief that they exercised their powers in the name of God. But human conscience revolted against this state of affairs and replaced it with a new system of ideas and truths which profoundly altered the conditions of human relationships and com pletely transformed an old world, based on sub jection, into a new world based on freedom. The individual has recovered his rights and privileges, and within the family as well as within the church or the state, he is no longer considered as an insignificant atom of a unit but as a distinct unit by himself. He has become autonomous and free to exercise all his faculties with no other restraints within than his con science, and the law without. He has become ^fone responsible for his welfare and misfortune. No man is superior to,, another because of birth or social position, ^Institutions exist for the benefit of the individual and not the individual for the benefit of institutions. His cooperation, while necessary for the existence of a group, is premised on a voluntary basis. That is why the family system has changed. It was believed in the old world that the parents, being the creators of their children, had all the right to determine their fate, without regard to their opinion and happiness. They could sac rifice their children as offerings to Divinity or for the satisfaction of their own whims and caprices. If the parents incurred indebtedness, they pledged the * persons of their children, like chat tels, to wipe out their obligations. If the chil dren had attained marriageable age, the parents chose the persons whom they should marry. The parents likewise dictated the professions their children should embrace, collected the income they earned, drove them away from the parental roof once they incurred their parents’ slightest displeasure, and in themajority of cases, children were treated without pity or considera tion. Nowadays, the center of gravity has shifted from parents to children. uThe theory of the family is that it exists not for the benefit of the parents but for the benefit of the children. The parents are responsible for the life of their chil dren, consequently they owe them the care and assistance necessary for their physical as well as mental development. The children were brought into the world not out of their own choice but out of the desire of their parents to have children. For this reason, the father and the mother jointly have duties to perform to ward them, and are entitled to rights in so far as they are founded on these duties. In the old days likewise, woman was regarded in the family almost as a thing. Her sex doomed' her to an inferior lot. Many parents showed dissatisfaction upon a daughter’s birth. As a daughter she was not only subjected to the .. hority of the parents but also to the tyranny . ler brother. The latter, to the exclusion of •? • sister, could inherit the titles and distinction cheir father. The young woman could hot > out alone on the streets. In many countries 12 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL August, hiyzy she had to veil her face in order to protect herself against the lust of man. /She was completely kept out of touch with the world and allowed no other knowledge than that relating to the home. She passed from the tutelage of her parents to the tutelage of her husband when she got mar ried. In conjugal life, she was considered fit only for motherhood and for the discharge of domestic’ duties, and not for anything else. She could not administer her own separate property, much less that of the conjugal partnership. The husband could dissipate the property of his wife without her having any recourse other than perhaps a vain protest. Even when married, she could not leave home alone without ex posing her reputation to the talk and gossip of Babe and the Moon By Henry Philips Broad (Concluded) Then, at last, came dawn and with it exhausted sleep. Coma, Babe thought. And dread and terror invaded her soul. She wished she could stay longer to see it through, to hold his hand until the last bitter moment. . . but how explain it to the day-nurse? So she took a long, long look at him, then knelt down and reverently kissed the hands she had stroked so often. And then ran home, death in her heart. She would never see him again, never. For the first time in the history of her career as a nurse Babe could not sleep. Fortunately Sally was on morning duty so that she had the room all to herself. It would have been unbearable torment to have had the chatterbox about. The houseboy brought her breakfast tray, but she had him take it back. Then she lay down on her bed, pulling the mosquito-net about her, not in protection from blood-sucking pests, but because she felt somehow more guarded from possible intruders. If they saw the net down they would think her asleep and leave her alone. How was he now? Perhaps already. . .? She who had seen and met death so many times and in so many forms was trembling now at the dire society. Feminine virtue was considered so fragile that contact with the world was enough to defile it. Malice was ever ready to waylay woman with its vileness. The husband could stay all day and night out of the home, perhaps have several paramours, but the wife was forced to complete fidelity—however insulting and humiliating her husband’s conduct might be. Nowadays, the domestic seclusion of woman is a thing of the past, at least in most countries. Although she still reigns supreme in the home, she has been gradually invested with certain rights which heretofore have been monopolized by man. Now, woman is free to educate herself {Please turn to page 24) possibility. She knew he would not pass the day. Twice she rose, peered through the shutters at the rambling frame structure that was the hospital. But there was not the slightest com motion, nothing to indicate that what she felt with increasing terror was approching had alrea dy occurred. Hour after hour wheeled agonizingly slowly past. Babe lay tossing on her bed, waiting, waiting. . . . Later there was a short quick rap at the door. Ah! They had come to tell her. Her heart pounded wildly, anxiety strangled her; she could not answer the rap. The door opened and the chief nurse stepped in, daintily efficient as always with a white cap on her marceled gray hair and the silver bar on her slim shoulders. She glanced furtively at the bed, believed the paralyzed Babe to be asleep and tiptoed out of the room again. Babe leaped from her bed. The chief nurse! What did it mean? What? She never invaded the rooms but for serious cause. Was it because. . . Had someone seen her? Flames of shame and despair shot through her. She, Babe, a nurse on duty! A dying man, to be sure, who had mistaken her for another woman, but a man just the same. She hid her head in the pillows, sobbing her sorrow and her fear and shame into their crisp cleanliness, hoping that it would all be over soon; and all the time stood before her the harrowing certainty that at any moment one of the chattering girls would come in and bring her the news of Major Dexter’s death. It was Sally, returning from afternoon duty, who brought her the news, but not the news she so fearfully expected. “Sav, Babe,” Sally stormed, cap already pulled off and white uniform flying; “Now do tell me what >ou have been doing to that case of yours, you witch, you.” She sat down on the wicker lounge. Babe remained on her bed unable to stir, her heart fairly bursting with anxiety. “You’ve heard the news, haven’t you, Babe?” But Sally generally did not require an answer to her queries; so she went on, prattling gaily while she removed her shoes. “Well, you know, it’s almost miraculous the way he’s come out of it. Not even a temperature since this morning. Carolyn tells me h£ asks for chow—says they are starving him! Old Gardner is just tickled hibiscus-color. Gives himself all the credit as usual, of course. Chiefy says she came in to tell you about it, but you were fast asleep. But Babe, say, are you still asleep? One would think you never even heard of Dexter for all the interest you take in him.” The prattle was all lost on Babe. All she knew was that he was alive. Motionless, but exultant with joy, she lay on her bed. He was alive! He was to live! Glorious! A thousand warm springs welled up in her, flooding her with indescribable happiness; something that had not before existed was born in her and so rejoiced her that her heart sang in exultation. He was to live! Hurriedly she rose and dressed, in preparation for another night on duty. In the sitting-room Sally was entertaining some callers and as Babe passed through on her way to the hospital, she called, chidingly: “Babe, my love, if I were you, THIS DELICIOUS BEER Brewed by SAN MIGUEL BREWERY IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN 'IN COMMERCE JOURNAL August, 1929 THE AMERTCAIWATAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 13 I’d make up a bit. This is what they call the psychological moment, or something like that. . . But look at Babe, boys, look! I swear she’s put on rouge to-night. Smart old Babe! You do look swell, Babe.” It was not rouge, though. It was when Sally spoke to her that she realized with sudden sharp ness that she would have to face him. After what had happened! Her immense joy at his recovery had drowned out all other feelings. What was she to do? Should she play sick, worn out—plausible enough after the long strain? But no, no, she was no malingerer, was Babe. And upon reflection, she realized that she did not want to have another nurse take care of him now. Why, they would all be trying their little wiles on him, Chiefy not expected. She would carry on. He had been in delirium when he kissed her. With returning health he would have forgotten all about it. So in great perturbation she went to the hospital. The chart but substantiated the news of the miraculous change in the patient’s condition. Babe went into his room, cheeks burning. She had looked at herself in the small mirror in the hall. Sally was right; her flushed cheeks looked rouged indeed. At the same time Babe realized how very becoming the color was. The fifth night had come. Major Dexter had so much improved already that the chief nurse hinted at his not needing a special nurse any longer. “That’s to give herself a chance,” Sally whispered. When Babe came in that evening, with cheeks burning red in her small face, he greeted her with outstretched hands, a boyish smile on the still ravaged features. “You do not recognize me now, do you, Miss Martin?” “I am mighty glad I do not,” Babe said, delighted beyond words at his cordiality. It was very still in the room and in the world outside. Slowly above the slumbering flame trees in the yard the moon rose. “I must have been a pretty mess of a case, was I not?” he asked after a while. “I bothered you a lot, did n’t I?” “Oh no, no; not at all.” “Really not?” “You talk too much, Major. . . You must sleep now. Sleep will do you good.” How many countless times in her life as a nurse had she uttered these words! And what a new and wonderful significance they had now, addressed to him! She reiterated them almost pleadingly: “Sleep, do! It will do you no end of good.” Obediently he closed his eyes, but his hand remained on hers. Only now it came to her that he had been stroking her hand for quite a time. But she could see he was not to remain quiet for long. There was, she perceived, a new rest lessness about him. Twice she caught him looking at her in an interrogating, inquisitive sort of way, as though there were something he could not comprehend, something he wanted to learn from her. Perhaps she had better leave him alone? She rose and went out on the screenedin porch. He might sleep now. * Outside the fairy wand of the moon had trans formed a drab world into one of inexpressible splendor. The flame-trees langorously waved their crimson blooms in the soft breeze that was fanned in from the sea. A car or two sped through the lighted streets beyond, headlights paling into insignificance in he marvelous silver-and-gold brightness that enwrapped all things. Babe sighed. She would soon be leaving the Islands. In three months. She would miss these moonlight nights—but not the moonlight alone. “Miss Martin!” The call interrupted her musings. Babe went back to her patient. “What is it, Major? You cannot sleep? A sleeping-powder, then? The Colonel says you must sleep.” He shook his head and a quick smile flitted across his face. “Sleeping-powder! When all I want to do is to talk to you?” “But it may not be good for you.” “It will not hurt me. But how can I talk to you when you sit in your chair so stiffly and so primly? Come over here,” and he made her sit down on his cot. “But, Major. . .if someone should come in!” Babe stammered. The thought was so strong that she made as if to rise. Lord! She, a nurse! Discipline, dignity! Yet it was unutterably sweet to sit still and have him stroke her hand. “Don’t worry, little girl. Gardner is over at Miller’s playing bridge. You know old Gardner when it comes to bridge. He’ll play bridge in heaven,—that is, if he ever gets there. . .But tell me, wasn’t the old medico just a little bit worried about me, eh?” “He never said so, to me at least.” “Now tell me, did I behave well while in your charge? I asked you that before, but you did not say.” “We nurses know what to expect.” Babe spoke hesitatingly, adding as if in disculpation: “Yours was a very complicated case.” “So that’s it! That implies a whole lot. So I was a bad boy?” He had turned on his side and looked her full in the face. Under this scrutiny her cheeks flamed up and in embarrass ment she turned her head away. “Miss Martin! You must tell me!” He tried to rise from his bed. Immediately the nurse in her overcame the woman. “Major! If you are careless you’ll have a fever again tomorrow. And I do not want you to get a relapse?” She spoke vehemently and into his eyes came a new expression. “Why not? Why don’t you want me to get a relapse?” “Because. . .because. . .” she faltered, “be cause they’ll blame me for it.” There was a silence. Then: “Miss Martin! You’ve got to tell me what has happened or I shall not care whether or not the fever comes back, though I’d hate to have you blamed for it. There is something I must know. Absolutely must! You will tell me, wont you?” He had imprisoned her hand between his two and in his eyes looked at her so entreatingly that she could not, as she wished, flee from the room. “You will tell me, yes, you will! Miss Martin, did I. . . did I. . . mention names while I was ill? Tell me, did I?” A tone of anxiety in his voice crept into her heart. “Was I. . .was I. . . un Built by Filipino Craftsmen Men Want Comfort Dunlop experience of tire making commenced forty-one years ago, when they jnade pneumatic tires for the old high bicycles. Since then it has embraced tire performance on every variety of vehicle running on every kind of surface. ONLY DUNLOP EXPERIENCE COVERS THE WHOLE HISTORY OF THE PNEUMATIC TIRE They are willing to put up with the knocks and set backs in business but they want their feet to be comfortable. That is why so many of them choose HIKE Shoes. HIKE SHOE FACTORY STYLE CREATORS 286 SAN MARCELINO MANILA, P. I. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 14 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF CW/MEkw JOURNAL kind to anyone?” “No, Major. You were not unkind. You were. . . most kind. . . to.-. . to everybody.” “Are you sure of that?” “Quite sure.” He lay still for a while. Then: “Are you sure I mentioned no names? Can you assure me I did not?” Babe’s face flushed scarlet. Then the trained nurse in her responded: “When we graduate we swear never, under any circumstances, to divulge bedside confidences. You must ask no further questions, Major Dexter,—no more.” Her voice shook. “But it is not that, little girl; it’s not that! And you divulge no secret, really, if you just answer me. There is something not quite clear to me,” he added. “Tell me, was not... did not a young woman come to see me one evening? And she stayed here for a little while?” Her heart pounded so within her that she could not speak; and again he queried. Finally, straining at the words, she said: “No one has been to see you yet. Orders from the Colonel.” Passing a thin hand through his dark wavy hair and looking at her intently, he whispered: “Yet it seems to me... I could swear to it... I don’t know. . . but it seems to me that a young woman came to me one moonlit evening and sat down by me and. . .” Now his voice sunk to an almost inaudible breath. “And she kissed me . . .and I kissed her. . . and she said. . .” Babe’s heart stood still. “And she kissed me,” he went on, as inaudibly as before, “and she said she loved me. . . she said that. . .” He sat up straight. “Miss Martin, little girl, tell me. . . was that a reality or just a dream? A reality,—or only a dream?” Thus he asked, eyes imploringly set on hers, hand warm on her icy trembling one. “You were here—you could tell me.” “It was only a dream,” she whispered at last, brokenly. “A beautiful dream.” And flung both hands before her flaming face. Was it the voice that said what the words did not quite betray? He sat up abruptly and looked at her in unending surprise. Then with very gentle persuasion he drew her to him and took her hands, still wet with tears, and stroked them, however much she resisted, and kissed them. “My dear girl, my dear little girl,” he repeated. Then folding her in the crook of his arm: “And what keeps us, tell me, from making the dream became a reality?” Apparently nothing kept them from so fas cinating a pursuit, for three weeks afterwards they were married. To the regiment, to the hospital and even to Manila the news came with the force of a thunderclap. What? Dexter! That dashing fellow Dexter! You don’t say? A nurse. . . and not even a young one at that... She nursed him. . . hm! You never can tell in this blamed country. Poor Dexter. It was Sally, vivacious, unconventional Sally who probably came nearest solving the puzzle, but she had lain awake nights thinking of Babe and her perfectly astounding piece of luck. Babe! How in the world’s goodness did she manage it? Why, it sort of made you feel queer to see one like Babe arrive where you have for years tried to arrive yourself. The evening after the wedding—it had taken place at the chief surgeon’s on General Luna street—Sally had a few callers to tea and the topic hinged on the still inexhaustible subject of Babe Martin. Lieutenant Timothy Ward, pressing Sally’s lively hand, said, between puffs at cig arettes: “I truly believe he has been smitten with sudden blindness—poor Dexter.” And Captain Peter Lyle who was never far from where Sally found herself, added: “She must have bewitched him, really. We all know he had been going stronger than strong—and then to fall for Babe!” Sally remained pensive for a minute or so, then she burst out: “You never said a truer word, Pete. Bewitched him, yes, that’s it.” Both exclaimed: “Sally! Are you getting super stitious in your old days?” She shook her head, but could not be induced to say more. But she thought to herself: “It was that moonlight. . . It sort of changes you... mellows you. . . Babe Martin—one night she August, 1929 looked, she looked positively beautiful! Sort of like a saint, I’d say. . . and Dexter, he was no saint himself. . . Attraction of the extremes. Something like that. . .” “Sally! Why so pensive?” Sally was thinking of herself and how in spite of her evident pop ularity, she was getting nowhere. Twenty-eight pretty soon, and all those fellows ready for fun at all times, but no more. She must adopt new tactics, she must. Suddenly she went out on the porch. “Come out here, boys,” she called, and a new alluring note was in her voice. “Come and look at the moon! Pete, don’t you think she is beautiful?” Dalagang Bundok * * Mountain Girl. Dawn bursts the tropic night, The barrio wakes— Mangy dogs and scurrying pigs, Harsh choruses of fowls; Querulous voices dominate the Bedlam. But along the mountain trail Through the loitering Sweetness of the night Comes the market girl—• Basket lightly poised on head, Unhurried movement, Sinuous, swift; No eyes need guide her dewy feet, Sure as the forest creature’s In the rugged path. She nears, She turns a placid golden face With eyes of shadowed pools, And smiles, and passes on: All vigorous grace, Lithe hips and sculptured limbs, Breasts at the bud of maidenhood, Lips of sensuous roundness And guileless innocence—■ What harmony of color and of motion! —R. F. Wendover. Stomach Disorder? FORMULA: Alcanfor............ 0.03% Ess. Menta........0.03% Ex. fl. Cannabis, Elixir Paregorico aa..........0.30% Alcohol............ 17.6% Excipiente c.s.. M/. Why suffer the pain — take LICOR STOMACAL of Dr. Luna —it will relieve you of stomach ailments such as DYSENTERY, COLIC, INDIGESTION, DIARRHEA, and other stomach complaints. Keep a bottle or more in your home—its necessity is indispensable. 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I shall from time to time forward other messages to the Legislature with specific recommendations and suggestions for your consideration. As I said in my inaugural address, I sincerely desire to do my part in maintaining a close, cordial, and constructive cooperation with your honorable body. I agree with the farsighted view of the distinguished President of the Senate, Honorable Manuel Quezon, when he said: “It is the duty of both (branches) mutually to respect the powers and prerogatives of each and to seek through a frank and full interchange of views a common ground for action.” I also agree with a similar view expressed by the em inent Speaker of the House of Representatives, Honorable Manuel Roxas: This cooperation, he said, does “not mean either renunciation or abdication by each other of fundamental prin ciples or the surrender of powers recognized by the Organic Law; nor . . . absorption by one of the other, but merely helpful cooperation, thereby insuring the normal functioning of the Government for the promotion of the best in terests of the country.” Accordingly, I shall continue to use the Council of State established by Executive Order No. 130 of my able predecessor, ex-Governor-General Stimson, as an instrumentality for friendly ad visory contact between the executive and legisla tive branches, without in any way affecting the independence and the freedom of action of either branch. Knowing the ability, sincerity and public spirit of the members of the Legislature, I am certain that you also will do your part in maintaining this spirit of cooperation. With such cordial sentiments of good will, our mutual understanding is assured. As you well know, there has been a determined effort recently made in the Congress of the United States to limit the importation of Philip pine sugar. I am strongly opposed to this proposal. The Philippine Commission in the United States is doing very effective work in fighting against its adoption. Many American friends, both in and out of Congress, have worked hard to insure the con tinuation of those trade relations with the United States to which in my opinion the Philip pine Islands are justly entitled. By far the larger part of the American press ably and gener ously supported these efforts. The House of The life of any governor Is difficult extremely, He may not be a loverv or He’s branded as unseemly; He may not play or frisk about Or sing a roguish ditty, He dare not let his waistline out Or diet, more’s the pity; Nor dare he serve into the net Nor volley out of bounds; He may not even swear, and fret Around official grounds; He must not seem to have imbibed (That’s if he has ambitions). His life is tightly circumscribed By countless inhibitions; He may not smuggle opium And risk a fine or prison, Without the dirty dope o’ him Is yours as well as his’n. The poor unfortunate is doomed— What price we pay for glory!—■ To spend his wretched term entombed Within a goldfish dory. L’envoi Please keep this under cover. Lor , I wish I were a governor! —A. R. E. Representatives, after full hearings in the com mittee, at which ex-Governor-General Stimson gave an effective exposition of the facts, registered its emphatic disapproval of the disturbance of the present trade relations between the Philippine Islands and the United States. I hope that the Senate will take a similar wise and just course. This fight has not been without some practical advantages. It has tended to cement the union, in the common cause of the welfare of the Philip pines, of all elements, Filipino and American alike, who have that cause at heart. It has also emphasized the importance of such a sound and progressive solution of the existing economic problems of these Islands as may tend to insure that material prosperity which is so essential to political, industrial, and social well-being and as may also tend to give these Islands, in case a similar tariff question should again arise, that additional active assistance on the part of the business interests of the United States which would be the natural result of increased reciprocal benefits that are susceptible of establishmentj under the existing trade relations. However, we must not fail to heed the danger signals raised by this agitation. The wise sailor avoids the typhoon whenever he can possibly do so. With a world overproduction of certain agricultural products such as wheat and sugar; with an under-production of other food products in the Philippines for current consumption; with an enormous demand in the United States and elsewhere for tropical products which could profitably be raised in the Philippines; it would seem to be only enlightened self-interest to devote our energies, capital, and initiative to the development of profitable products for which there is a great demand, rather than increasing the production of products in which there is already a large oversupply. In other words, wise foresight on the part of Philippine business interests themselves would bring about a diversi fication of crops and a voluntary limitation of an unduly increased production of crops of which there is already a world overproduction. ._■ 4 * Diversification of crops is universally recóg{Please turn to page 17) ACME OF PERFECTION! 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August, lyzy WEALTH Wealth derives from the soil, in the form of crops cultivated on the surface and minerals dug from the depths; it constitutes that for which men will exchange their labor, and in the modern world takes manifold forms in an in finite variety of manufactures representing the original product in its crudest state with the labor of many hands finally added. But it derives from the soil alone; everything beyond that is an exchange of labor. The farmer in the Mississippi valley raises a crop of wheat. This is new wealth in the world. A railroad carries it to Galveston, a ship takes it from Galveston to Liverpool, where British millers buy it and convert it into flour and bran. Everyone takes toll of it, grocer and blacksmith, twine manufacturer and merchant, miller, «¡banker, railroad and ship; and when all are paid for their labor, the farmer has what is left from the new wealth he brought into the world what is left, if anything, is the farmer’s wages. The farmer exchanges his labor for the labor of thousands of persons whom he never sees; if he still has wheat left (or money which wheat has fetched him), he is wealthier by that much. • It is of course the same with us in the Phil ippines; not Manila, but the farms in the prov inces, and the mines to a little extent, produce wealth. Manila trades in wealth, manipulates wealth, but produces none of it. “What a lot of wealth the automobile industry has produced,” a man remarked, thereby causing this article to be written. For the automobile industry, nor any other not delving wealth from the soil, has produced no wealth whatever. Popular industries are provocative of the pro duction of wealth; if a farmer desires to own an automobile or truck, he may produce enough w^lth to trade for one and add another hand to cíe group which tolls his crop. Thus, in the exploitation of any industry, it is important to reach the farmer—tempt him to bring more wealth into the world. In the simpler ages of the world, all society subsisted almost directly from the soil. Even penury had its security, for the customs of fami lies, tribes, clans and counties provided somehow for all. No such society was innocent of slavery, yet, according to their dependent penury, even they had their share of the crops. The industrial age ensuing, freed men from slavery and serfdom and invited them into industrial centers to exchange labor with one another—the smith trading the candle-maker, the tanner, the baker, The West Coast Life Insurance Company offers a full line of modern life insurance contracts designed to meet every need of business or personal protection. the butcher and green grocer, and they with him. Cooperation under mercantile manage ment has since refined the processes of exchange; it has induced the age in which we live, jn which we think of money as wealth when it really is a token indicating the precise amount of labor the posessor of it may command. 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They fear the day when they no longer can exchange their labor for that of others, the farmer included, being no longer able to work; or if they have money in token of labor, they fear they may lose it; the spectre of want, for them or their families, haunts them always. They ward off their fears, however, by many ingenious devices, and to this end they effect cunning organizations and pools. The flower of man’s genius in fighting off poverty and the fear of poverty is insurance of his life and limb. It has been found that many men may pool certain portions of the residue left them from exchanging their labor with their neighbors throughout the world, and that new men will keep coming into the pool as the shares of the old men are drawn out; and that this process is popular, because safe and managed under strict laws of nations and economics (the science of labor exchange, one might say), so it acquires greater magnitude every year. The larger it grows the safer it becomes; life insurance gives the modern man the security his ancestors forfeited when they bade goodbye to the soil and wended their way to town. Instance: Not long ago a young man begin ning his business career in Manila insured his life for PIO,000 one month, and died the next. The PIO,000 went to his mother. Another instance, where an airplane hurried up the security: When Paul Whiteman was filming his picture King of Jazz, it was wanted to insure his life for $500,000 and put cast insurance into effect for a like amount; if anything happened to Whiteman and such insurance were not in force, Universal Pictures Corporation would suffer a tremendous loss. The agency of Beh rendt-Levy in Los Angeles handled the matter. Whiteman was in San Francisco, it was necessary to make the physical examinations and complete the papers, for reinsurance with Lloyds in London, between Saturday, June 7, and Monday, June 9. The insurance man was sent from Los Angeles to San Francisco via the Maddux Air Lines regular passenger plane, and everything was completed and the million-dollar insurance in effect before the close of business June 9. The Maddux lines operate between Los Angeles, San Francisco, San Diego, Agua Caliente and Phoenix. The insurance feat shows how the airplane facilitates modern business. The agents and Universal demonstrated enterprise. For particulars and quotations consult the Philippine Branch Office West Coast Life Insurance Co. Kneedler Building Manila, P. I. Telephone 2-36-74 Lest We Forget August 7 was the second anniversary of the death of Leonard Wood. Each year it were well to remember at this time how much unselfish work the man gave to these islands; how earnest he was about it, how little he regarded the cost to himself. A fund for memorial windows at the Cathedral of St. Mary and St. John is being raised, in a manner that all may have their part in them. This is appropriately undertaken and well conceived. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 7ÍJJ& 'XffiEKIUKN~X¡fUMVi&EüR~'OFlCOMMERfCE General Message of the Governor (Continued from page 15) nized as sound agricultural policy, disastrous consequences of relying solely on one crop have been repeatedly emphasized in the experience of countries or sections of countries which have disregarded the lessons of history. Before it is too late, the Philippines may wisely avoid this danger. Diversification is only good business judg ment. The wise merchant tries to diversify the goods he sells. The careful capitalist di versifies his investments. In the same way, the successful farmer seeks to diversify his crops. He may not make quite as much money in the years when his principal crop is selling at a high price, but he often saves himself from ruin when the price falls to a low level. Even today the Philippine Islands are relying on three crops for some 82 per cent of their total exports. These crops and the products thereof are all vulnerable to competition from similar and identical products from other markets. It is unmistakably apparent that if the Philip pine Islands are not to continue to rely for their exports on an extremely limited variety of prod ucts, all of which are meeting increasingly strong competition abroad, the prime necessity is the development of a more diverse agriculture, bringing into production on a commercial scale many of the now neglected crops which can readily be grown in the Islands and for which there are waiting markets. To mention but a few of these products, the United States alone can consume all the quinine, camphor and coffee that the Islands can produce for many years. Diversification is especially desirable in a rich agricultural country like the Philippines which, although able easily to raise ample supplies for its own needs, imported during 1928 foodstuffs to the value of over P54,000,000. Not only is there need of diversification but also of a fuller development of all our resources. Such an expansion is essential if we are to carry out the public improvements so earnestly desired. The Insular revenues are practically stationary, with urgent needs constantly expanding. That this vital need of increasing the revenues exists was forcefully brought out by a former Secretary of the Interior and Senator, who is now the head of the University of the Philippines, Pres ident Rafael Palma. In a recent speech he said: “Everybody, even the most skeptical, accepts the fact that we have mounting necessities to satisfy, that for lack of resources hygiene, elementary education, our railroads and highways, the irrigation system, the means of maritime transportation, and other elements vital to modern life, have not received the impetus that progress demands; that in the absence of local industries we import numerous articles which we can very well produce here in great abundance such as eggs, rice, canned fruits and fishes, refined sugar, cotton, paper, silk, etc.; that our barrio lacks the attractions and incentives to retain the hands that it needs but which are forced to emigrate to other lands lured by high wages and a more decent existence; that conditions in the towns are sadly antiquated and reveal how primitive still are the ways of living of their inhabitants. We do not need to be The periodic told that we are not keeping abreast of the ' progress of the world, that as yet we are considerably behind other nations in industrial and scientific achievements and that even our agricultural industry proceeds, under the most primitive and crude methods. This is the picture insofar as concerns our public life. Now with respect to the private life the picture is still gloomier. Very few of our people are moneyed people; the great rank and file of our citizens lead a life of abject poverty, of penury that inspires pity and commiseration. They do not have more than is necessary to supply their daily needs, the morrow is ever to them a question mark and a constant worry. To see people under-nou rished and poorly clad is a common sight in our barrios. Whoever would judge and grade our civilization on the social level of our peasants and laborers would form an idea not altogether complimentary to our people.” As long as these conditions exj^t, so long does the responsibility of the Legislature to correct them exist. They can only be corrected by the expenditure of large sums of money. Increased governmental revenues are essential to the future welfare of the Philippines from every standpoint, social, educational, cultural, and moral, as well as physical, commercial, and political. I recommend this whole subject most strongly to the earnest consideration of the Legislature. How the revenues can best be increased is a complicated problem, involving other related problems, such as a careful revision of the system of taxation with a view of realizing fully and effectively our present sources of revenue, and also by gradually increasing ’ the sources from which revenue may be derived in the future. to the people. Yet there are people to whom the words “economic development” immediately raise the bogey of “exploitation”. If “economic develop ment” meant “exploitation,” I should favor fighting it to the finish. I shall never favor the exploitation of the resources or the people of the Philippine Islands either by capital, labor, or politics, foreign or domestic. But the two ideas are not at all synonymous. To develop our waste lands and create new1 wealth for the people and the Government; to encourage industry and thus afford employment for labor; to increase the revenues and thus foster education, sanitation, and public improvements; to furnish opportunities to the great mass of the people to improve their material conditions; these things are not exploitation. They are enlightened statesmanship. How the Philippines can achieve economic development under adequate safeguards against improper influences is a problem which demands the best thought of the Legislature. Leaders of public opinion seem to realize the need for additional capital. To quote again the Senate President: “No country in the world has ever been able to develop economically without the aid of outside capital, and the Philippines can not be the single exception.” The United States, now one of the most powerful economic nations in the world, until very recent years developed its economic resources largely through the assistance of foreign capital. As the national wealth increased, the American people w gradually able to supply their own capital ne< themselves, until today they are no lon¡ borrowers, but have become lenders to otl nations. Their use of foreign capital as instrument to develop the national wealth a 1 Phone CHARTERED BANK OF ina¿d chuisntarali Capital and Reserve Fund....................................... £7,000,000 Reserve Liability of Proprietor.................................. 3,000,000 MANILA BRANCH ESTABLISHED 1872 SUB-BRANCHES AT CEBU, ILOILO AND ZAMBOANGA Every description of banking business transacted. Branches in every important town throughout India, China, Japan, Java, Straits Settlements, Federated Malay States, French Indo-China, Siam, and Borneo; also in New York. Head Office: 38 Bishopsgate, London, E. C. T. H. Fraser, Manager. Manila. The present wealth of the country is obviously not sufficient to provide adequate taxation with which to care for even the most essential needs of today. The expansion must come principally through increasing the wealth of the people. Industry must be encouraged. Idle lands must be brought into cultivation. Improved lands are a valuable asset; idle lands a wasteful liability. Our enormous potential natural resources must be developed. Trade and commerce must be promoted. The Government will then share in the increased prosperity of the people. Only in this way can the pressing and ever-expanding needs of the Government be satisfied. Only through economic development can the Government become self-sustaining and fulfill its duties For Your Electrical Work MORA 2-32-40 MORA ELECTRIC CO., INC. 7 CALLE SODA MANILA, P. I. their encouragement of the cooperation of out side capital did not bring with them any danger of foreign exploitation of the national resources. Nor did it mean any attempt at foreign political domination. I can find no evidence that outside capil clamoring to enter the Philippines for the pui of exploitation. Rather is outside ca hesitant, reluctant, unwilling. Owners of ca are usually very cautious in their investm What they seek and properly demand are a anees of fair treatment, just laws, sound pc and a chance to earn reasonable dividends’ they fear that they will meet with host uncertainty, or unfairness they will seek c1 fertile fields where they will eagerly be i welcome. t The fear of foreign capitalistic dominé would seem to be the unfounded night-mai those who lack a vision of the future. T belittle the Philippine people by intimal that they have not the intelligence, the abil and the courage to cooperate with outside cap without being controlled by it. The economic problem here is two-fold bring capital in and to keep labor from g< out. The solution of the first will materi aid the solution of the second. Unfortunal due to changes in the economic life and tc creased needs without the means of satisf them, our labor is emigrating to other la With economic development will come an creasing demand and need for Philippine la which today is promoting the prosperity c other countries rather than building up the own. It is vitally important to both the prese and future prosperity of the Islands that 1 energies of our citizens should be profita IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL X THE AMI applied here and should not, in xne pre&eni stage of our economic development, be diverted to employment in building up the industries of other lands. Measures adapted to bring about the needed conservation of the Islands’ limited supply of labor may well receive your careful consideration. Where only 2 per cent of the thirty million hectares of public domain have been taken up, where less than 12 per cent of the lands are in cultivation, with ten million hectares of potentially agricultural lands subject to settlement, where enormous natural resources are undeveloped, there would seem to be plenty of opportunities within the Islands, instead of following the will-of-the-wisp of waiting wealth in other lands. Labor is the backbone of industrial develop ment. Capital furnishes the ‘life-blood. Both are necessary for a healthy growth. A sound economic life demands that capital earn reason able dividends which in turn enables labor to be ^profitably employed. If labor is forced to emi grate from the country, and capital is discouraged from entering into the country, economic growth will stop. Capital and labor, two corner-stones on which sound economic development rests, depend largely upon communication and transportation When Telegraphing Use The Radiogram Route <• WORLD IDE IRELESS RADIO CORPORATION OF THE PHILIPPINES 9 PLAZA MORAGA Í 2-26-01 Phones: < 2-26-02 | 2-26-03 for their strength. In the Philippines splendid progress has been made upon a comprehensive system of land communication by the construc tion of good roads. The completion of this system should be carried out as rapidly as funds permit. But another medium of communica tion, of vital importance in a country consisting of thousands of islands, a natural system of high ways built by nature itself, the sea, has been seriously neglected. Other countries, especially the United States, are spending enormous sums to develop their waterways. In the Philippines our laws have in some ways retarded rather than encouraged the development of interisland ship ping. Transportation is the life of trade. If its growth is stunted by restrictive laws, the growth of trade is stunted. If it is encouraged to ex pand, trade will expand. A sound, adequate, modern system of transportation by land, sea, and air is essential to a healthy growth of both foreign and domestic trade. < The report which was made in 1927 by the able Advisory Committee appointed to study this subject is illuminating. It showed that interisland shipping was utterly inadequate; that most of the ships were antiquated, unsa tisfactory, inefficient, and dangerous; that there Always Open JUukival JL were many abuses and discriminations; and that there were inadequate provisions for the safety and comfortable convenience of passengers. Although the recent change in the law, which relieved interisland shipping from its monopolistic control and placed it on a competitive basis, is resulting in substantial improvements, many of the unsatisfactory conditions above described still exist. The Committee very strongly re commended important modification in the law regarding the replacement of tonnage operated by certain foreign owned corporations. These modifications, with appropriate safeguards for Filipino and American interests, would result in bringing immediately into interisland ship ping a considerable number of modern wellequipped vessels. If, however, the improvements which are taking place and which, with proper encourage ment, will take place in interisland shipping are to be used to the best advantage, an adequate system of ports should be developed. An Ad visory Board on Ports and Harbor Improvements, composed of technical and business men, was appointed last year and made a careful survey of port facilities of the Archipelago. The report of this board, as well as the report of the Secre tary of Commerce and Communications, should receive your consideration. The proposal to place all wharfage fees in a special fund for the development and maintenance of insular ports is especially meritorious. The development of interisland shipping and of ports is necessary in order that products of agriculture may reach the domestic and foreign markets expeditiously and cheaply. Agricul ture is, and for many years will be, the basic in dustry of the Islands. Every possible encourage ment should be given to its sound development. The welfare of the small farmer must be our constant care. Upon his prosperity depends the prosperity of the Islands. Merchants, man ufacturers, transportation agencies, banks, dealers in every line of trade, share in his prosperity, suffer with him in his reverses. Upon the land and the use that is made of it, depends largely the future prosperity of the Philippine Islands. The problem of expediting the settlement of the public domain and the prompt registration of land titles continues to be a serious one. Several proposals will be submitted for your consideration by the Secretary of Agriculture and Natural Resources. Among the more im portant are: development of public lands on the sugar central principle, known as the Alunan plan; more rapid disposition of agricultural public lands through the creation of a special re volving fund for the survey, subdivision, and settlement of vacant lands, to be carried out and financed either by the Government directly or in cooperation with private capital. The Secretary of Agriculture and Natural Resources will also present bills designed to protect the forests and to provide a more effective supervision in the Bureau of Forestry; to en courage the development of the mineral re sources of the Islands by liberalizing the law governing investment in more than one mining corporation; exempting exported refractory ores from payment of wharfage taxes; the coordina tion and specialization of agricultural exper imentation; and the promotion of the cattle raising industry by the imposition of higher import duties. In order to encourage agricultural, industrial, and commercial development steps should be taken to supply, preferably through private agencies and capital, the existing need of facil ities for granting small loans to worthy indi viduals of limited means and business enter prises of narrow scope, at fair rates of interest and under reasonable conditions. There should also be a thorough revision of the present laws governing rural credit associations so as to bring them under adequate supervision and control and make them function according to their original purpose. A bank devoted ex clusively to agricultural loans and designed to supplement the work of the rural credit associa tions is another agency needed to encourage agricultural development. An educated public opinion is essential to the success of a democratic form of government. With about 65 per cent of our children of school “3 RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL rn rxuguc i nn aiviimjKJAJN^iiAIYIBHK OF~UOMMERCE age unable to obtain even the most elementary education due to the lack of school revenues, the development of an informed public opinion is difficult of attainment. The keen desire of our Filipino youth for education, always the object of commendatory comment by trained observers, should be gratified as rapidly as funds will permit. Through the generous appropriations of previous years, an excellent system of public schools is now in operation. The large ap propriation made at the last session of the Legis lature in further aid of elementary education has been most beneficial. Gradually school facil ities are being extended, and as rapidly as the income of the Government will warrant, further extension should be made. The first obligation of the public school system is to overcome illiter acy and provide the individual a sufficient knowl edge to enable him to meet adequately his own personal needs and discharge properly his social obligations. In keeping with this principle, primary and intermediate education should have first claim on available Government funds. Secondary and higher education, while impor tant, should not be promoted at the expense of basic training essential for all children. Above the elementary grades, preference should be given to vocational, industrial, and agricultural education. It is gratifying to learn that this principle found recognition two years ago in a liberal appropriation for the promotion of voca tional education. This has done much to sti mulate and develop the excellent vocational work which the public schools have been doing for many years. Further encouragement and finan cial support are needed. We should continue to adjust the educational program so that those who are educated at public expense will be eco nomically efficient. Purely academic education should be supported more and more by those who seek it. Another principle the purpose of ed the mind but the c interest in health edc It is hoped that this phase given generous consideration. Approximately two thirds ,i_ recognized: that ]op not merely t increased 'endable, i will be of i. financial support of the public school system comes from the Insular Government, the rest being provided by the provinces and municipalities. It is believed that there should be a gradual increase in the proportion which is carried by the local entities. In order to enable the provinces and municipalities to do so, there have been proposed from time to time certain bills authorizing ad ditional local taxation, such as an increase in the land tax, an increase in the cédula tax, and the creation of a provincial school fund. Serious consideration of these proposals is desirable. The importance of wholesome recreation in education should not be overlooked. Aside from the physical value, sport has an educational as well as a moral influence. Some lessons can be taught better on the playground than in the school. Fair play, respect for others, self sacrifice, square dealing, honesty, ability to work with others, these fundamental qualities are developed by recreation. Juvenile crime is lessened by properly supervised playgrounds. When the more pressing needs are cared for, our municipalities may well foster the development of their recreational systems. The ability of a country to advance in civiliza tion is largely influenced by the health of its people. Diseases, epidemics, and bad sanitation directly affect progress and prosperity. The evil effects of under-nourishment particularly are often not recognized. Preventive measures are more important than curative, although both are necessary. The achievements in public health and sani tation in the Philippines are well known. There is no more important field of Government ac tivity. It should continue to receive liberal support. It is gratifying to know that special attention is being given to the thorough training of public-health officers by means of the recently established School of Public Health and Hygiene. The Islands are fortunate in that the International Health Board has taken an interest in this work and has contributed so generously to its sup port. On the curative side, very satisfactory progress has been made in the establishment of a system of provincial hospitals. This work should go on. Several years ago the Legislature inau gurated a plan for an adequate institution for the care of the insane. The new Psychopathic Hospital at Mandaloyon is the result.. Several additional buildings should be supplied before the institution is complete. We may take pride in the fact that the Philip pines lead the world in the treatment of leprosy. With the Leonard Wood Memorial Fund for the Eradication of Leprosy, amounting to more than P2,000,000, we should be able to realize still greater achievements. A new leprosy hospital located near Manila is necessary in order to do away with the very unsatisfactory conditions, due to overcrowding and inadequate facilities, prevailing at San Lazaro and to provide an ade quate station for the care and treatment of lepers in this part of the Archipelago. Other diseases taking a heavy annual toll of' human life and seriously impairing the vitality of thousands are tuberculosis, ipalaria, and beriberi. The special activities being carried on with respect to these diseases should be THE POPULAR AND RECOGNIZED “MAYON” COOKING STOVES REGISTERED AND PATENTED BY CIRIACO TUASON The “Mayon” cooking stoves are generally used in all parts of the Philip pines, because they are economical and can take easily the place of any other stove. For sale exclusively in our fac tory at 1174-1188 Agno, Manila. We are obliged to secure a patent for the manu facture of the “Mayon” cooking stoves in order that the public may not be defrauded by the various imitations which are modeled after our noted and exclusive in vention. This is the patent of the “Mayon” cooking stoves which is conceded by the Patent Commis sioner of the United States to Ciriaco Tuason and Sons. We manufacture also different kinds of mosaics tiles, cement pipes and gutters, roof tile, granite imitation, balausters, flower-pots and other articles made of cement for ornamental and miscellaneous purposes. C. Tuason & Sons, Inc. (Founded in MDMXXI) Office and Factory: Phone off. 5-71-29 1174-1188 Agno, Malate Res. 5-44-20 coiiLiuufcu. aiivi adequately supported. The Quarantine Service of the Philippines is one of the most effective in the Far East and deserves credit for having protected the Islands from an invasion of any of the highly communic able diseases which afflict this part of the world. There is great need of an adequate detention station at Mari veles in order that the service may be prepared to handle any emergency. A balanced budget is the keystone of good government. If expenditures habitually ex ceed revenues, that keystone will fall, and with it a good government will fall. The Philipipine Government today is on a sound financial basis. We must be willing to make any sacrifices neces sary to keep it on a sound basis. The Government finances are in good condi tion and the budget is made under a strictly cash basis. The integrity of our credit must be retained, regardless of what desirable improve ments must be eliminated from the budget I cannot agree to any material increase in the total amount fixed in the Budget. There is nothing at present to indicate that 1WJ43 Ciríaco r<5« of COW 3W3 3k jofífróHtw'eniy-sixth March, . w fi r4 < IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL ÍERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL AU2US1 the revenue collections will increase next year. The average annual revenue for the last ten years, including receipts from the currency reserve fund which by its nature are special and not expected to recur, is P76,834,000; the annual average for the last five years is P78,863,000; and the annual average for the last three years is P80,366,000. Therefore, in the absence )f any sure indication of probable increase in collections, it is believed that the estimated income of P80,100,000 for 1930 is the safe limit for the budget. Of this amount the sum of P2,500,000 is proposed to be set aside exclusively for port works, and the balance of P77,600,000 for general expenditures. The budget general fund revenues for 1928 were P85,214,000, an increased of P7,486,000 over 1927. This increase is mainly due to the first payment of P2,853,000 made by the Philipine National Bank on account of the Government’s fixed deposits with said bank which were cancelled in accordance with the jrovisions of the Philippine National Bank Relabilitation Act No. 3174, to the greater collection INSULAR LUMBER COMPANY ♦ Owners and Operators of Sawmills—Planing Mills—Dry Kilns—Box Factory At Fabrica, Occidental Negros, P. I. Production—52 Million Board Feet Annually Manufacturers, Exporters, and Dealers i n Bandsawn Lumber Tanguile Red and White Lauan Almon Apitong Complete Stock of All Sizes Always on Hand, Including Flooring — Ceiling — Siding — Interior Trim — Box Shooks Kiln-dried or Air-dried Manila Office: P. V. O. Building Calle Pureza Cable Address: “ILCO,” Manila Mill Offce: Fabrica Occidental Negros P. I. in import duties due to the heavier importation of rice and textiles, in income tax and in excise tax where kerosene and distilled spirits figured prominently. The budget general fund expen ditures for 1928 were P79,626,000 as compared with P74,346,000 for 1927, or an increase of P5,280,000. This increase is chiefly explained by the purchase of Manila Railroad Company stock in the sum of Fl,000,000 under Act No. 3116, and by the larger amounts expended for public works, postal service, and aid to local governments. The prevailing low prices of our principal products, coupled with the devastations of hemp and coconut plantations caused by the typhoons in the month of November of last year and in the month of May of this year will undoubtedly diminish the purchasing power of the country and this will be reflected in the Government revenues. It is, therefore, reasonable to expect that there will be a general decline in the import duties, income tax, and sales tax. Moreover, the Philippine National Bank will not be able to pay to the Government, on account of the U. S. A. Office: Atlantic Building Philadelphia, Pa. Cable Address: “ILCO,” Philadelphia fixed deposits cancelled, as much this year as it paid last year. Consequently, after a thorough consideration of the various items of the budget general funds revenues, the samé were estimated at P80,362,000 for 1929, or P4,852,000 less than the revenues collected in 1928. The total appropriations authorized for 1929 amount to F80,207,000, an increase of P581,000 over the expenditures in 1928 and P155,000 less than the estimated revenues for 1929. The cash surplus at the close of 1928 was PT3,179,000. Following sound finance principles, it is recommended that this surplus be reserved for the following purposes: (a) To redeem during 1930 the 5^ per cent Manila port works bonds amounting to P12,000,000. These bonds were issued in 1920 and are payable in thirty years but redeemable after ten years. As the rate of interest earned by these bonds is the highest paid by the Philippine Government (usual interest is 4J^ per cent), it is only sound business policy that the same be redeemed promptly. This will also reduce the annual interest charges and will permit the amount saved to be devoted to public improvements hereafter, (6) To provide for the revolving fund authorized to the amount of P5,000,000 for the construction of permanent bridges under Act No. 3500. In accordance with the provisions of this Act, tolls must be charged on these bridges until the cost and in terests thereon are fully covered. The tolls collected are to be paid into the revolving fund and may be expended for the construction of other permanent bridges. By the provisions of said Act 3500 the appropriation of P5,000,000 may be made available in whole or in part at the discretion of the Governor-General and conse quently the entire sum may be gradually com pleted as future surpluses may permit. With regard to public works, the Budget contemplates apprr ”;mately P7,500,000 for general public ’ v2,500,000 for port works. Tb: ' roximately PT0,000,000; .xiat of last year and is believec In considering the amount xor public works it is well to note t ox-ess which has been made during the past Í years. In 1924 the total expendi tures of aAi kinds for the construction of public works was approximately P12,000,000. In 1928 it was P26,000,000. This represents an increase of more than 100 per cent. Considering the slight increase which has been realized in general Government revenues, it would seem that public works have received a very generous share of our income. The total of all expenditures for public works during the past five years reaches the enormous sum of approximately P94,000,000. To this should be added the cost of maintenance and repairs of public works which during the same period amounts to over 5 * 48,000,000. We must realize that with the construction of new public works the annual maintenance charge will necessarily increase and will become a fixed liability against the operation account. Important changes in the banking laws were enacted at the last session. At that time it was recognized that a revision of the various provisions of the law relating to banks and trust companies should be made. This revision has been pre pared and will be submitted for your considera tion by the Secretary of Finance. Many of the suggested changes are of minor character and are submitted for the purpose of clarifying the existing law. Others, however, are important changes and merit careful consideration. This revision will afford additional protection to the public, to the depositors, and to the stock holders, while liberalizing in some respects the powers of these institutions under adequate safeguards. Frequent complaint is heard concerning the character of the tax laws and the method of col lecting taxes. The main complaint has been against the sales tax. This matter has received much consideration in recent years, and valuable reports prepared by the Secretary of Finance and the Collector of Internal Revenue are available. The various commercial organizations as well as representatives of the important com mercial houses have submitted extensive memo randa. It is believed that this subject is so important to the industrial and business interests RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL ■JCHAMBER DF~COMMERCE JOURNAL 21 5 I ,>'.b 1 1 ■ )' a- ■ 1 the Legislature sh tion very early in t‘ . • ds were made in th. e I ist session of the I ed by a Joint Coi • iations, was also ll l l. :-’-.ition with the an : ■ ■ iaws but due to la : ; L.r serious considerate^. -■■■. ¿he uniform Corporation Law ?’ and is designed to facilitate ... nsolidation of corporations. . (> ■' 1ure for accomplishing this is l J ’¡ificult to follow. and independent judiciary . 1. If justice is not equal to so the rich, to the most hum¡o \e most powerful, then justice .ivckery. Judicial officers, from peace to the Chief Justice of ’ are protectors of the rights ’i.e people. io improve the administration improve the administration presented injprevious years, .’ill be submitted by the •. d for your consideration. iportant proposals are: re•.< Court in the handling of appeal cases by the appointudges or the creation of a msferring thp functions of , provincial governor to a ,nted by the Secretary of Nation of the proper Judge amendments to the marriage ! = transfer of Bilibid Prison, S. ■ - mm.S( r > A; ng lie- '• S; . th< I rgc • me.! Gt ru’di' ;••• Co 1 G >pp the she spec, g officer Just -- ’ll reroí. of J m .m:laws i . -M, the c ■ ■ * the er Il brrw.’ The e’O- ten migra c l i:.d go ven / ' i one. ° "••• your < more efi-. laws. quate d Gratil ■■ . _ ing the < v sential p sible by t of two be of the lov for the ei < bridges aim much as st owners of af the Interior re ■< so amended !s against such pv cent of the co I have calle ' 1 which in my o¡-'¡lie ration and whi c . lation. I have to urge upon .<■ will cheerfully gr desire in carrying .• i L 1 ■ / San Ramon Penal Farm, and ,.r. of o her penal farms. •; f i n efficient control of im> ministration of the laws s ¿V serious and complicated •u” of Finance will present for hills designed to * secure úís'j a'ion of the immigration .it mrative need for an adei >c. l for immigrants. ir s teen made in beautify*. la ‘ nd in providing for es' js has been made poscJk-T lg the issue by the city v »<? < :i Pl,000,000 for filling •„ ai < other of P10,000,000 of .1 ji . public buildings and .. so.ee- '.nprovements. Inasimpr enrets largely benefit the ' J - sime, the Secretary of . )• o'is uií.r the law should be <. -pure social assessment <>f o' ’ |l'3S than 60 per Te LTmts. \v. aitcíío Li many subjects ;v; y ó o: mtrnest consideJs. d w'.sc, -no: . active legiscx-c/fir, 1 .’gj program Evt íV - ¿í- official ■l <•r, ■ , •< .¿mee you may j vi’’ j important duties. We are united in seeking but one end, the wel fare of all the people. / In conclusion, I can only reiterate my sincere expressions of good will, my ^arnest desire to cooperate with the Legislature. This is not merely an oratorical gesture. It comes from the heart. Our problems cannot be solved by oratory. As President Coolidge once said, “Government is a practical business which depends largely for its success on sound com mon sense rather than high-sounding phrases.” The problems we must meet are essential Im practical. Upon the practical way in w\b > 0 meet them depends the future welfare of of people. Words cannot solve them. . fir? great patriot Rizal said: “Too many wor » t, little work.” Action, sound, wise, arc -irsighted, is necessary. I have every conr ei. in the ability and the vision of the Legi, to solve these problems. U their solute, offer you again my close, c> dial, constro cooperation. T •V’ Dwight F. Davis, Governor-Get ’• •’ <e Legislature, ■ la, P. J. ^PONOINQ TO *rrrFTTL The Black Butterfly Percy A. Hill By be superstition, or it may be chance ... ma of the people of the Philippines dread . ‘anee of the mariposa negra. To them - . : arbinger of misfortune. Though predGxuixxuni.y black, the mariposa negra has white spots and other small markings. <It is harm less except in its character as a foreteller of ill tidings, appearing as regularly each year as the first wet monsoon. With the fearlessness of butterflies in general, it often forsakes garden foliage and enters houses. It will even perch upon pne’s hand or fly in erratic circles above the head of a pedestrian. It may be this pen chant for familiar contact, as well as its sinister color, which has given the natives their super stition about it. .--Tf something does not happen within twenty-four hours, who con siders himself warned goes about with a gloomy feeling that he has been somehow cheated. Build for PERMANENCE! X I Let Us Help j Cebu Portland *■ Chira Bank Building i •Me f MENTION THE O/• The troubadour, José Garcia, called Pepe, had his superstitions, concerning the number of scales on the legs of his favorite fighting-cock, or marked cards in juego del monte; but he was not in the least troubled by black butterflies. Pepe, whose name might be translated into English as Joe Smith, so common a Castilian cognomen is it, dwelt, during the latter part of the eighteenth century, in the suburb of Santa Cruz, now quite a downtown district of Manila, outside the walls of the old city. He was mar ried to a stout mestiza, Maria, who had brought him no dowry, but had endeavored to compensate the musician for this neglect by presenting him with an addition to the family each year. And for this numerous household rice and vianda, clothes, money for masses, an occasional ride in the rickety coaches of the day, all had to be provided by Pepe from his earnings with his X Don’t make a mistake. “If I had it to do over, I’d use concrete!” How many times you hear such regrets from householders. Another says, “I receive rent enough for my house, but it is not concrete and the upkeep is so much there’s hardly any profit left!” Concrete Is Economy Better appearance, more satisfaction, greater secur ity, lower insurance, and the permanence of rock. You Plan Cement Co. Manila, P. I. 'rBER OF > v VAL THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL twelve stringed bandurria. Rendering serenades under the grilled win dows of lovelorn damsels, for which he was rewarded by ardent youths in proportion to their success and financial standing, brought him an irregular income. House-parties, fiestas, and dances paid much better, and in addition there were quantities of native wine, generous supplies of the succulent lechon, or roast pig, not to speak of the native confectionery, such as lumpia, poto-lanzon and bibinka, indigestible, it is true, but satisfying. Then there were the church services and processions in which Pepe and his fellow musicians filled the air with melody while behind staggered the pious under the heavily draped statues of Our Lady of Pilar and San Nicolas. These latter exertions did nothing to help fill Pepe’s earthly coffers, but (lid, let us hope, lay up for him treasure in heaven. Pepe was a philosopher of sorts, a jovial and carefree individual without responsibilities, like many another of his calling. Reckoning wealth in time, he was also a millionaire. Neither the Spaniard nor the Malay place a high value on time. The Philippines, referred to as the land of mañanas, is not a figure of speech. What is a day more or less, they argue, when millions have gone before and millions will follow? The mountains never hurry. Ocean, sky, stars and seasons follow cycles, returning so surely that they never seem to change. There’s something in it. Pepe employed the word mañana quite as frequently as his fellow-countrymen. If Pepe’s superstitions were limited to his gambling games, those of his stout spouse were not. The mere mention of a mariposa negra would start Maria trembling as if with ague. Superstitions die hard. Fear and superstition are primitive passions of mankind, and though civilization may replace one fear with another, superstition is never completely routed, even in the most highly civilized social structures. The old Romans said Beware of the Ides of March; the Chinese dread the evil eye; New Englanders burned witches; New York society matrons turn pale if it is discovered that there are thirteen guests at table. So Maria and her sisters walk warily if they have been unfortunate enough to be brushed by a black butterfly. Maria had good reason to regard the mariposa negra with fearful apprehensions. Had not a black butterfly heralded the death of her mother, who was drowned on a voyage from Guagua to Manila? To be sure, the party had departed from the river town in a banca with but two inches of freeboard. They had left the grassy estuary of the Pampanga, and had faced the choppy waves of the bay where, in spite of tearful prayers to the saints and frantic baling, the overloaded banca had sunk beneath them. Unable to swim, four of the passengers, among them Maria’s mother, had gone down under the gray September sky. Maria announced with con viction that a black butterfly had entered the entresuelo to warn her at the very moment her mother had been lost. Numerous stories of similar experiences were common among her chattering neighbors, their effect being a general exodus, or at least a rapid exchange of vantage points, if one of these unpopular messengers fluttered in among the market hucksters. But Pepe refused to believe. He was a skeptic, So far as black butterflies were concerned, and Maria swore by all that is holy that his cynicism was the cause of his disastrous end. It was a hot steamy day in September with the tropical sun evaporating the moisture of the previous day. Preparatory to leaving his abode to sell his melodies, Pepe was trying to tune his bandurria, but was having difficulty in hearing anything but the boisterous noise of the numerous young Garcias who were playing gallina ciega, or blind-man’s buff. Maria was busying herself as usual with household tasks, paying little attention to sounds which were so much a part of her daily life. Suddenly through the open window fluttered a large black butterfly, attracted perhaps by the gaudy color and pattern of the musician’s nether garments. As the butterfly alighted on his knee, Pepe, in mood as untuneful as his un successful efforts had left his bandurria, hit wildly at the butterfly which flew gracefully about his waving arm. “Hombre,” shrilled Maria fearfully, “leave the mariposa alone and perhaps it will leave the same way it came in! It’s bad luck to have one come in here—what will happen if you try to kill it!” No sooner had Pepe given vent to some com forting expletives than two of the tightly drawn cuerdas snapped with a loud, reverberating hum. “What did I tell you?” wailed Maria. “There is the beginning of misfortune and we are lucky if it ends there.” With another oath, the irritated musician made a lunge at the butterfly, which was perched on a cluster of bananas, slowly opening and closing its wings. “Leave it alone!” Maria’s excited voice informed the children in the room overhead that something out of the ordinary was happening, and down the stairs they tumbled, a toddler of three bringing up the rear. Certain deaths which occurred with the sinking of the interisland vessel Euzkadi some months ago, were at tributed to the malevolence of a mari posa negra. Presaging disaster, one of these flutterers entered the house of the third engineer, Rafael Lintojua, the day before the ship grounded, and flew about in crazy butterfly fashion until the family was greatly perturbed. “The ship ran on the rocks November 23”, said the widow, “and on the morn ing of November 24 in the morning my attention drawn to a huge black butter fly which came into the house and passed round me several times. On seeing it, I at once thought of my husband ...” So the belief keeps up, nothing being more natural, and brings Mr. Hill’s story up to date.—Ed. The family wash in a deep wooden batia filled with water had inadvertently been pushed under the lowest step, and the eager brood descending with more haste than care were precipitated into this washtub, from which, to the accompaniment of soapy howlings they were hauled out just OXYGEN Compressed Oxygen 99.5% pure HYDROGEN Compressed Hydrogen 99.8% pure ACETYLENE Dissolved Acetylene for all purposes WELDING Fully Equip ped Oxy-Ace tylene Weld ing Shops BATTLE js Prest- J : Electr ” . < age I zei / s Philippine Acetylen Co. 281 CALLE CRISTOBAL, .-CO MANILA, P. I. as the neighbors, with the ? . e vd of Manila vecinos, came fi c ; r the cause of the commotion • 1 e « - uousehold. When they heard • ’ d ••': • • .n the black butterfly and whi ' <,. v. j, some hurriedly made the sigi others looked accusingly at Pep . ; ■ g larkly at his wife, the children, i. * .. b m m ighbors, and even more fiercely ' i> P ■ of the black butterfly, took up , 1. j •r’ e ■ left the house and made his wa> • I Chino store, intending to repair m mgs. io of Arrived at the tienda whir, of the quarter, he found <•? of silver and copper had k ” wide hole in his pocket, ir lected to repair. Not w house, he continued on i... student hoping to urge L ¡ musical attack on the ; young lady who lived in the Estero Cegado, then Santa Cruz from the qu * for its unsalubrious w; Aristón, after some pers mA his jarana that evening. • • • < t serenader’s bandurria after a little anxious m strings replaced, Pep ’ soon bringing forth me and in its harmonious mn anees and the black H opher, he would enjov t’ i that he must eat ard -i borne in upon him t! < uc coins. With his instrument . .. músico was passing tiro alleys of the quarter '• darkening skies promi and he was wishing he ■ converted into money peace-offering to Mai 1; reached him, and h. hopefully in the dir-_-< Despite the mon > ? ■ with him. A ma i A ing with his ban ;• under tioned for him m - ei. Hn been the monc^ h might was in the midst a the i-:t: < he needs ■ ■ v store • ugh a « had negirn to the of a young renew his a certain i {..ise facing dividing .v.po, named r ,\;ie student ■ to renew ' • repair the a: produced ne broken :• ’. gers were ; istrument, jci ’, l his grievtrue philosm atil reminded it would be ; aim replace the lost ,ex b.is arm, the errant h one of the crowded ■bat afternoon. The .b- j' iy deluge of rain, m -mue of his melodies iat he might take as a Sounds of merriment ed i is head and looked m In, • 'vhich they came, s v.'curtGiices, luck was w ind ’’ saw him stand s’ arm and moi”st thought had ■i, but when Pepe . and had accepted a drink or aai'ado.. r e vs not so much the profession.» musiría;- a. L v is one of the guests—eni '< ainir g the cm .■ pmm in a passable voice with yincC-t of 'A- < pain. 1 s’cs mi 1 -. ■. Uieit 1 Cu.- t ',, no m fir, 'h''quc '4S 0/m. J .fir r. i, y j'iCb'i min, m -i'¡■inr. á mi! Over -rd c /ei agí iu A r velers sang the chorus. As -ne drink .¿o’i ’.v id another, the party gm-. úvelier fu¡ n--iiewer, and Pepe’s brain more e-mn 'd the while longpractic o. ••■'’«gers .str., rn m.>; his instrument, ceasing rm ¿o Ami f the indigestible bibinka ■a ia hvngiy i 1. At i- H o’cluek. /a r .laving ceased and the guemis depaibng. d r a.-st, with a generous measrte A finite y, dr :• pel some silver coins into Ipt’i imric. Jr UUm. spirits he slipped the mvúú; i ite t dyymk-J shouldered his ban durria and went gauj off n «me to bed. A peace ful night was not awaiting him, however, for Maria greeted him with a sobering anger re calling the morning’s happenings, and when he sought to console her with his afternoon’s earn ings he discovered there was nothing left in his pocket but the hole. Pepe took the offensive and scolded his wife for her neglect in not re-.’r-.i ae rent, but Maria wailed that it was th.,- mult of the black butterfly. They threw v »v/b. each other with such violence that the miib’ir. awoke and added their share to the b. J Silence finally reigned, but moody dheor still prevailed. morning, witn an aching head, the Santa /oubadour betook himself into the sun. streets in search of a few stray coins. I - - ad scorned the black butterfly, but now, : cursed inwardly at the thought of the r mal. ast he had gone without, he began to ‘ el’ e it had something to do with his misíes. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE /■■'Lh ¿aa :b$r of commerce journal AU^UOL, AMEia rvonvnraR OF VVffi&ROESK JCRN^NAL 23 He was not long without occupation in a Manila which will always have music when it can. At the corner of the plaza he was hailed by a fellow-musician, attached to a wedding party, who needed a bandurrista to complement him. Pepe joined the procession issuing from the old church, and marched with his companions of the guitar, violin and bajo, who were escorting the strutting groom in tight fitting pantaloons, and the little brown bride whose blushes were visible through her -dusky jskin. This wedding, as weddings usually do, ended in a feast at the bride’s home. Tables were piled with food, polished hardwood floor crowded with dancers swinging their partners to the strains of old contradanzas, with the elders on the sidelines, complacently chewing icho, or pellets of buyo, lime and the aromatic leaves of the icmo vine, commenting to each other on the scene, or joining lustily in some of the canciones. Musicians and guests alike were absorbed in the merry scene. No one saw a black butterfly as it fluttered in and alighted on the pink and white blossoms of the cadena-de-amor decorating the tables. Almost immediately it flitted away, circled above a heap of headgear in an obscure corner, and rested on the hat which crowned the pile. Alas for Pepe; it was his hat the butterfly had chosen. A matanda, an old man, industriously chewing buyo, directed a stream with such good aim in the direction of the perhaps not so innocent cause of Pepe’s estrangement from home, that the startled mariposa flew around and arbund until it seemed to Pepe, who had come to rescue his hat from further drenchings with buyo juice, that he alone was singled out for persecution. Smothering his annoyance, which was flaming into rage, he endured somehow to the end of the party. When he received his pay, this time he carefully tied it in a corner of his none too clean handkerchief, went triumphantly home and turned both money and handkerchief over to Maria, who set out to do the daily marketing. Fearing he might start her on her pet griev ance, Pepe had wisely refrained from telling Maria whence came the spots on his hat, but to himself he vowed a war of extermination against black butterflies. During the next few days he did destroy one or two, but generally they were elusive adversaries. It came to be a kind of obsession with him, and he was r^gahded by ac quaintances with mingled feelings of awe and admiration. Try as he would to conceal his activities, rumors reached Maria, who, after the fashion of women, attributed all the bad luck attending the household to her husband’s failure to heed her warnings. If Pepe had a misgiving now and then, he argued with himself that certainly not all the myriad mariposas haunting the gardens of Santa Cruz—-and there were many in those days— could presage evil fortune. Did Providence dis perse misfortune only during the rainy season? To be consistent, bad luck should be as little in evidence during the dry season as were the at tendant butterflies. But Pepe could not con vince his neighbors of his logic. They saw,'they knew, they believed; and they, aS well as Maria, were strengthened in their superstitions by the visions of the village prophetess. Doña Guadalupe was a pious old woman who lived on calle Dulunbayan, devoting herself and what wealth she had to the church. For a long time she had suffered from hallucinations and visions of the most terrifying variety, and because of these she had a certain influence on both saints and sinners of the quarter. Sometimes she remained for more than a day stretched motion less on her huge carved bed, with staring eyes and haggard countenance. Then, starting up, she would reveal awful futures for the sinful and thoughtless. The religiosos declared these vi sions and prophecies to be a providential warning to mortals, but though the good friars said she suffered from ecstasy, the doctors called her malady epilepsy. Whoever was right, she became the boast of the quarter, which had its pride in the supernatural. They doubted that the miracle of the loaves and fishes sur passed the revelations of their sage. In the last interview Maria and some of her gossipy neighbors had had with Doña Puping, the epileptic-prophetess claimed she had been Qpt thly ordered to have them repent and flee from^vrath to come. If their hearts remained hard they would receive as a visible sign a visit from the mariposa negra. Maria had burst into sobs and rushed home, convinced that she was already a marked victim of divine displeassure If Pepe wished to forget the existence of his Nemesis, he could not during the days that followed. Black butterflies pursued him on every hand, and he in turn pursued them. The accidental killing of his pet monkey by a stone intended for a tantalizing mariposa but furnished another cause for his frenzied offensive against the flying enemy. And Pepe as well as the entire neighborhood was made uncomfortably aware of Maria’s condemnation of his behavior. Came the twelfth of October, the feast day of the quarter, and a gala fiesta was under way— processions with carozas carrying jewelled and flower-decked statues of Nuestra Señora del Pilar, other saints, and a half dozen brass bands marching with the more religious of the parish. At the head of the procession, behind the man guilla bearing silken standards, proudly walked Pepe, with twenty other musicians, accompanying in harmonious rythm the intoned Gregorian chants, or playing slow contra-danzas. Ur ? watchful, piercing eyes of Spanisl UUr’ < neighboring quarters, the crowds on : c v sidewalks observed a respectful an -corei silence as the procession moved slo . U in me out the short streets, careful not to go bhK Santa Cruz boundaries into Binondo .< • 1 ; -ro On the south a paseo, where the ch :r • h wa situated, ran along the Pasig river. As the company emerged from a c -our of the side streets and swung into i.a.row causeway leading to the river ban; ■ .elac;. butterfly—-portentous omen!—flitteó • <iCdU about and settled on the hat of * tv,pa. of course! Exasperated, obsessed, < op ped playing, made a grab for the ene \ "hi ch saucily flitted ahead, flew coyly abouv úv crim son and purple banners, returned impertinent1 to Pepe and boldly alighted on his nose. 1? furiated, he lifted his instrument, and Jas the THE WHITE EMPRESS OF THE PACIFIC EMPRESS OF ASIA EMPRESS OF FRANCE EMPRESS OF RUSSIA 16900 tons 18400 tons 16800 tons To CANADA, UNITED STATES and EUROPE QUICKEST TIME ACROSS THE PACIFIC CANADIAN PACIFIC STEAMSHIPS 14-16 CALLE DAVID • MANILA, P. I. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 24 THE AEjE.JzTCAN £W¿ÑÍBER dtf* CfiMMRRíZ JOtfAWAL August.', aV29 butterfly flew gracefully off again. Pepe s a after it. He would kill this insect at"least. The procession halted in curiosity. The startled musicians ceased playing, and were chided by a tall friar who bade them continue. Half-heartedly, they resumed, but all eyes were intently watching an obsessed bandurrista vainly batting at a black butterfly. The pursuit took Pepe to the very edge of the embankment. The next moment the insect had darted off across the river, and Pepe, intent only on de stroying his foe, seeing no danger, took another step and plunged into the muddy current. Heedless of the friars’ reproofs, the crowd rushed to the river’s edge. But the musician had disap peared beneath the whirlpools of the swollen stream, and as they looked, his bandurria sunk also. River bancas were quickly manned, but the unfortunate Pepe never came to the surface. Had he met his fate chasing a phantom? The procession wended its way to the church where aves and pater nosters were offered up for the soul of the troubadour who would draw no more melodies from his instrument for the fiestas of and feed her spirit not only with knowledge of books and experiences of travel but also with the sensations and tumult of politics. . She attained her economic emancipation when she saw wide open the doors of the office, the shop, the school and other fields of human activity. Her economic emancipation is bound to bring about in the long run a common level of culture, a single standard of morality, an equality of rights and responsibilities between the two sexes. This change of system in the family will not in any way destroy the home, nor will the home be deprived of its moral and religious back ground, because the love of the spouses and the natural affection parents have for their children dll remain essentially the same, however difyent may be the rules observed in the relations ot the spouses and bptween parents and children. The conjugal tie will no longer be a forced and perpetual bondage, Impossible of dissolution even in the face of immorality, discord and un happiness in the home. Its duration will depend on the voluntary will of the spouses, of their mutual respect and fidelity in performing their duties. The church, in the same way as the family, will remain as a human necessity, because the soul is linked to the supernatural, and reason needs religion and faith to satisfy the longings of man for immortality. But the individual will no longer be forced to submit himself to the religion of his parents, nor to the dogmas of a particular religion. He chooses his religion even now, and within it he accepts those beliefs that satisfy his reason. If he worships and follows his belief in good faith, he is entitled to all rights and privileges as a man and citizen. God has not disappeared from the conscience of the modern world, but the conception of God has changed in the sense that He is no longer made to sanction crimes born out of intolerance or the abuse of power, either by the father of the family, the head of the Church, or of the State. All authority is no longer absolute; it has its corresponding limitations and responsibilities. God is still the supreme sanction of individuals and of nations. But God no longer abides only in the tiara or in royal robes, but also in public opinion and in popular assemblies. v The state is another necessary human insti tution, and whatever changes it may receive in the future, it will always exist as a power of unity and coordination for the determination of the limits of freedom of the individual and of a group. kThe head of the state, as such, is no longer irresponsible nor is he above the law. His authority is exercised by delegation from the people, and even in monarchies it is limited by constitutions. ~ deprive a person of his life * due process of law. The and the privilege of comí violable as is one’s person tension. The individual is not its slave, -and public o The state can no “ ■“ ^dr-peri.' .í'iJÍV (>•’ longer Santa Cruz. When the sad news was announced to Maria, between sobs she recalled each warning the family had received—beginning with the morning when Pepe had broken the strings on his ban durria, when he had first chased a black but terfly. “If he had only listened to me!” she wailed. A few days later the corpse was discovered by an artilleryman of the King’s Regiment. An eddy had whirled it beneath the arches of the Bridge of Spain to a quiet pool below Fort San tiago. Thus did Pepe leave Santa Cruz. When his fate was mentioned, neighbors shook their heads knowingly. They agreed with Maria. Though it was non-canonical to believe in su perstitions, the natives of Santa Cruz had wit nessed the occurrence, and after all, seeing is believing. The good friars alluded to a reli gious frenzy, but they, of course, did not believe in evil omens, and besides, they were kno^vn to be charitable souls. Certain it was in any case that a black butterfly did bring disaster to the musician Pepe Garcia. Understanding Our Age {Continued from page 11) to ride on the back of the people but to be their servants. In the realm of education, the doctrine of in dividual freedom has manifested itself in the elimination of the old practice—“Quod magister dixit.” The teacher is not supposed to dog matize. He has no longer the right to impose on his pupils his own theories or personal beliefs. He is expected to stimulate free discussion of the subject he teaches, leaving to his students the choice of the system of thought which best satisfies their reason. All these changes have been brought about gradually and by natural causes as a result of the sufferings and miseries borne by humankind in its different stages of development. Humanity constantly tries new theories and doctrines, only to give them up as soon as others more effective FIELD with a gun— in the Philippines— where game so abounds! Here again we have every thing to suit you from gloves and hunting knives to the guns themselves— Winchester, Remington, Fox, Ithaca, Lefever: a wide choice of the best. SQUIRES BINGHAM GO, 15 Plaza Goiti Manila, P. I. Phone 2-13-01 for the redress of past grievances and misfor tunes are discovered. The tendency of human ity has always been for the better, inasmuch as any people’s desire for change is prompted by the need of freeing itself from the abuses and excesses of institutions when the rust of time and the greed of power have corrupted them. Thus, because of the excesses of parental author ity, the family régime was changed from the communistic to the individualistic type; out of the extravagances of the Holy Roman Empire was born the Reformation which promoted in later years religious tolerance; because of the abuses of monarchs, popular assemblies were brought into life. It is still to be seen whether from the abuses of parliamentarism and de mocracies may come another form of government which shall better respond to the exigencies of our epoch. Religion, morality, family and government will always remain as essential and necessary institutions in the world, and there is no human force that can destroy them, because they are founded on the nature of things. But their forms will not remain the same and unalterable. They will change with the ideals and aspirations of humanity as fast as the latter discovers new truths and understands better the workings of matter and of spirit. Now, in a world which guarantees complete individual freedom, the education of men and the women cannot teach the norms of conduct and habits of action characteristic of an age which subjected the individual to the control of the family, the church and the state. The best that education can do in our times is to train the individual for freedom in order that he may make good use of it and not misuse it. Training for freedom requires a constant and methodical exercise of the will, in order to control bad instincts and stimulate good ones. There is need of creating moral restraints within, and not without, the individual, by developing properly in his conscience precise notions of good and of evil and leaving him to his own responsibility. Man should do good and avoid evil as a matter of duty, through conviction, and not through fear or consideration of punishment. He should feel ashamed of himself whenever he is willfully at fault, even if no other detect his dishonesty. If man were always inspired by what his con science reveals to him and should endeavor to suppress the lower impulses and passions which torment him, then he would rise to a position where he would be used to performing good uncon sciously and mechanically. This is the state of culture toward which our agdis bound, and this can be accomplished if all the agencies for good that exist in the world to regulate human conduct, be it of the family, the church, the state, or the school, coordinate their efforts and reconcile their mental attitude with the ideas of our century. The difficulty lies in the fact that there are still many who will not admit that the world has been improved, with its changes and innovations, and that God is with the modern world, in all its marvelous progress and scientific discoveries, in the same form that He was with the old world—when man knew little of the lawg’of nature and enjoyed fewer comforts and conveniences. Why should we refuse to see the will of God in the truths revealed to the human conscience by the modern world? Who but God inspired the prophets of the modern world, as wise and learned as the prophets of the old, in the teaching of new religious, moral, economic and social truths which every day are enhancing the power of human intelligence and opening new fields for its research and investigation? Why place our century at odds with God? Why should it be considered that God has turned His back upon our world, simply because it exerts every effort to better conditions of human existence and tries new forms of conduct and rules of action more in accord with the realities brought about by the inventions, exigencies and discoveries of our age? Is it that God desires paralysis and stagna tion in life? No, I would say not. God has placed us on this planet in order constantly to improve it and to beautify it. God has en dowed us with the faculty to think in order that {Please turn to page 29) CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL IN RESPONDING I ■i••■"V./:.1'/’■ 'r~':,:TS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN nugiT im \A2ttZL.XJVA2V" UH711HSEK UP ^UlVllVLE.IV^IL JUUKHAL ns of the Roman Catholic Church GIBBON—(Continued from. July) x he chaste severity of the fathers, in whatever related to the commerce of the two sexes, flowed from the same principle; their abhorrence of every enjoyment which might gratify the sensual, and degrade the spiritual nature of man. It was their favorite opinion, that if Adam had preserved his obedience to the Creator, he would have lived forever in a state of virgin purity, and that some harmless mode of vegetation might have peopled Paradise with a race of innocent and immortal beings. The use of marriage was permitted only to his fallen posterity, as a necessary expedient to continue the human species, and as a restraint, however imperfect, on the natural licentiousness of desire. The hesitation of the orthodox casuists on this interesting subject betrays the perplexity of men unwilling to approve an institution which they were compelled to tolerate. The enumeration of the very whimsical laws which they most circumstantially imposed on the marriage-bed would force a smile from the young and a blush from the fair. It was their unani mous sentiment that a first marriage was ade quate to all the purposes of nature and of society. The sensual connection was refined into a resem blance of the mystic union of Christ with his church, and was pronounced to be indissoluble either by divorce or by death. The practice of second nuptials was branded with the name of a legal adultery; and the persons who were guilty of so scandalous an offence against Christian purity were soon excluded from the honors, and even from the alms, of the church. Since desire was imputed as a crime, and marriage was tol erated as a defect, it was consistent with the same principles to consider a state of celibacy as the nearest approach to the divine perfection. It was with the utmost difficulty that ancient Rome could support the institution of six vestals; but the primitive church was filled with a number of persons of either sex, who had devoted them selves to the profession of perpetual chastity. A few of these, among whom we may reckon the learned Origen, judged it the most prudent to disari4 the tempter. Some were insensible and some were invincible against the assaults of the flesh. Disdaining an ignominious flight, the virgins of the warm climate of Africa encountered the enemy in the closest engagement; they per mitted priests and deacons to share their bed, and gloried amidst the flames in their unsullied purity. But insulted Nature sometimes vindi cated her rights, and this new species of martyr dom served only to introduce a new scandal into the church. Among the Christian ascetics, however (a name which they soon acquired from their painful exercise), many as they were less presumptuous, were probably more success ful. The loss of sensual pleasure was supplied and compensated by spiritual pride. Even the multitude of Pagans were inclined to estimate the merit of the sacrifice by its apparent difficulty; and it was in the praise of these chaste spouses of Christ that the fathers have poured forth the troubled stream of their eloquence. Such are the early traces of monastic principles and in stitutions, which, in a subsequent age, have counterbalanced all the temporal advantages of Christianity. The Christians were not less averse to the busi ness than to the pleasures of this world. The defence of our persons and property they knew not how to reconcile with the patient doctrine which enjoined an unlimited forgiveness of past injuries, and commanded them to invite the rep etition of fresh insults. Their simplicity was offended by the use of oaths, by the pomp of magistracy, and by the active contention of public life; nor could their humane ignorance be convinced that it was lawful on any occasion to shed the blood of our fellow-creatures, either by the sword of justice or by that of war, even though their criminal or hostile attempts should threaten the peace and safety of the whole com munity. It was acknowledged that, under a less perfect law, the powers of the Jewish con stitution had been exercised, with the approba tion of heaven, by inspired prophets and by anointed kings. The Christians felt and con fessed that such institutions might be necessary for the present system of the world, and they cheerfully submitted to the authority of their Pagan governors. But while they inculcated the maxims of passive obedience, they refused to take any active part in the civil administration or the military defence of the empire. Some indulgence might, perhaps, be allowed to those persons who, before their conversion, were al ready engaged in such violent and sanguinary occupations; but it was impossible that the Christians, without renouncing a more sacred duty, could assume the character of soldiers, of magistrates, or of princes. This indolent or even criminal disregard to the public welfare exposed them to the contempt and reproaches of the Pagans, who very frequently asked, what must be the fate of the empire, attacked on every side by the Barbarians, if all mapkind should You’ve possibly wondered, right up to now, why Scotch men’s sticks are crooked. —Judge. But there’s one thing preem inently straight and fine about the Scotch— It’S ROBERTSON SCOTCH WHISKEY For Highballs! Of course, For cocktails the knowing Ma-1 nilan always relies on GORDON GIN Kuenzle and Streiff Importers Manila, P. I. zo adopt the pusillanimous sentiments of the new sect. To this insulting question the Christian apologists returned obscure and ambiguous answers, as they were unwilling to reveal the secret cause of their security; the expectation that, before the conversation of mankind was accomplished, war, government, the Roman empire, and the world itself, would be no more It may be observed that, in this instance likewise, the situation of the first Christians coincided very happily with their religious scruples, and that their aversion to an active life contributed rather to excuse them from the service, than to exclude them from the honors, of the state and army. (Continued in September) Americans Occupy Manila: August 13, 1898 (Continued from page 9) superior force, as otherwise he would subject himself to court-martial. The same process was gone through, only in more dramatic form, on the 19th, when the Americans took possession of the custom-house almost at the point of bayonets; and similar formalities, though less of theatric display, were connected with the transfer of control over the treasury, the mint, and in ternal revenue office. There was naturally delay in assuming charge of the affairs of civil administration, as the first days were occupied with the posting of the troops and the military and the provost organization necessary to control the situation and police the city. For a few days, the so-called Veteran Civil Guard (native soldiers organized to serve as police in the city of Manila) remained in their places under their Spanish officers, but this was impracticable for various reasons, not the least being the bitter hostility of the native population to this or ganization, which was only too justly accused of past abuses. * * * The conception which the Spaniards generally had held of the Americans, as being no respecters of persons, property, or religion, may be seen from the astonishment which they expressed at the literal fulfillment of the clause of the capit ulation relating to the churches and other prop erty pertaining to the Catholic worship. As for the foreigners resident in Manila, * * * they have never failed to render tribute to the effective way in which they brought about and kept order in the city, with comparatively few instances of disregard of private property. Both Merritt and Dewey had dispatched cablegrams to Hongkong, for tramsmission thence to Washington, as soon as the city fell. These messages did not reach Washington until the morning of August 18. But Washington had meanwhile received word of the arrival at Hongkong on August 15 of the Kaiserin Agusta, a German battleship, bearing there ex-GovernorG eneral Augustin and news of the capture of Manila, this vessel having taken the Spanish general on board and started for Hongkong just before the flag was changed over the city. The peace protocol had been signed on behalf of Spain by Ambassador Cambon of France at about 4.15 p. m. on August 12 in Washington, or at the same time that the American troops were drawn up in their trenches, all ready for the attack, on the dawn of the 13th at Manila. The orders to suspend hostilities, cabled from Washington on the 12th, together with the text of the protocol, which provided for the occupation by the forces of the United States of the city, bay, and harbor of Manila, pending the negotiation of a definitive treaty, did not reach Dewey and Merritt, through Hongkong, until August 16. The Spanish governor-general at once sought to have the terms of the capitula tion nullified and the American occupation of the city based upon the protocol; but the Amer ican official attitude at Manila, as also later at Paris in negotiating the treaty of peace, was that Manila was captured, and was not sur rendered in consequence of the protocol. (Please turn to page 29) IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 26 1 HE AMERICAN' CHAMBERS Of CUMMERCE^JUUI^iAL Atig’ aV29 Haphazard Studies in the English Language The University Dictionary which is sold by the Manila Daily Bulletin at two pesos the copy, contains an essay on Common Errors in English by Dr. Farquson Johnson that will be run in installments in this department, commencing with this issue. For it is at once interesting and instructive; indeed, the editor of the Journal, benefited by it greatly in his own diction, has seen nothing comparable to it any where. For this essay alone, he would not part with his own copy of this convenient English vocabulary at any price—unless he might, for the pittance at which it sells, obtain another. Dr. Johnson’s pages fairly glow with linguistic erudition, as the student will observe. But the original was proof-read carelessly, and the errors which therefore appear in it have here been corrected. Where there are references to the main vocabulary, etc., any standard English dictionary may be consulted.—Ed. (Continued) any. Often improperly used for “at all,” as in “He cannot swim any,” “She does not learn any.” Such usage should be avoided. “He is not any better” is permissible, though most writers prefer “no” to “not any.” anyhow, anyway. These colloquialisms appear to be strongly intrenched in American speech, though objected to by certain writers. In formal diction they are replaced by “in any event, at any rate,” etc. any manner of means. Used improperly for “any means.” It is a redundancy, owing a certain popularity to its alliterativeness. any place. “Are you going any place?” should be “Are you going anywhere?” anyways, anywheres. Unnecessary variants of anyway, anywhere. apt. Frequently misused for likely and liable. “He is apt to fall” should be “He is liable to fall,” or “likely to fall.” Apt is correctly used when the meaning to be conveyed is “inclined or disposed customarily.” appreciate. A common error is to “appreciate a person highly,” which is an impossibility, since to appreciate is to set a true value on, to estimate justly. In the sentence quoted “esteem” should be substituted for “appre ciate.” The word is also now used with the meaning “to rise or increase in value” and is widely applied to prices of commodities, real estate, etc. . In this sense it is the opposite of “de preciate,” and this use is well established. apprehend. Do not confuse this word with comprehend, as is so often done. Look up these words in the main vocabulary of this dictionary and compare their meanings. approach. Incorrectly used to mean to ad dress, petition, or appeal to, as in “The police men approached the council for more pay,” which should be “petitioned.” Approach is being used to imply bribery or underhand methods; as, “Meanwhile the senators were approached by a powerful lobby.” One can approach a subject by sug gesting it, or approach a person in any sense involving bodily proximity. aqueduct. Be sure to sound the final t in pronouncing this word. So many times it is erroneously omitted by those who should know better. Arab. Pronounced Ar'ab, not A'rab. arabic. Mispronounced a-ra'bic. Should be ar'a-bic. arctic. The first hard c sound is often wrongly omitted. The proper pronunciation is ark'tik. area. Pronounced a'rea, not a'ri. aren’t. Colloquial contraction of “are not,” but undesirable. argue. Should be distinguished from dispute. To dispute is to disagree. To argue is to adduce reasons. We may dispute a bill, but do not argue it. Argue is properly used in the sense of mani festing by inference; to imply. Arkansas. Mispronounced Ar-kan'zas. It is Ar'kan-saw according to the law of that State, arraign. Prepositions are often wrongly used with this verb. A man is not arraigned at a court, but in a court, at the bar, before a judge, on indictment, for crime, upon his arrest. articles. In every sentence clearness of mean ing is the first requisite. Too much atten tion cannot be paid to the correct use of arti cles, upon which the meaning often depends. “The president sent for the secretary and treasurer” may mean that he sent for one or two persons. If two persons are intended, all ambiguity would be removed by saying “the secretary and the treasurer.” artist. A much-abused word with which the “doctor” and the “professor” can sympathize. Properly applied to those wTho practice the fine arts, its use has been commonly extended to include “artists” in hair dressing, on the tight-rope, and at the soda fountain, and the bootblack “artist” barber’s hop. The original artists now prefer to be called painters, sculp tors, etc., rather than share the glory of the term with its modern claimants. as ... as so. . . as. The former is used in affirmative statements—“I am as good as he,” the latter in negative propositions—“She is not so young as you.” This distinction, however, is too frequently overlooked. So. . . as, in negative sentences, conveys an impression that one of the persons or things compared possesses some characteristic in a considerable degree, as in the sentence, “Mary is not so good looking as John.” Here it is implied that John has a high degree of good looks. This suggestion is lacking when as. . . as are used. Philippine National Bank’s Present Position Press verbosity has obscured the actual situa tion of the Philippine National Bank to an extent which justifies a statement of salient facts regarding it. The reorganization act went into effect Jan uary 1, 1925. The bank’s total profits from that date to June 30 this year have been P14,701,000, distributed according to law: Reserve for redemption of circulating notes, P3,500,000; surplus, P6,176,000; to the government on indebtedness, P5,025,000. At the time of reorganization, to enable the The Philippine Guaranty Company, Incorporated (Accepted by all the Bureaus of the Insular Government) Executes bonds of all kinds for Customs, Immigration and Internal Revenue. DOCUMENTS SURETYSHIPS For Executors, Administrators, Receivers, Guardians, etc. We also write Fire and Marine Insurance Low rates iberal conditions ocal investments oans on real estate repayable by monthly or quarterly instal ments at low interest Call or write for particulars Room 403, Filipinas Bldg. P. O. Box 128 Manila, P. I. as far as. Used interchangeably wit?ls^or“ as,” except that the latter prevails wT^anphasis is to be laid upon the degree or1 &s implied in the phrase. The rule applies^ to as great as, as long as, as soon as, etc. aside. Sometimes misused for apart. Prof. J. S. Blackwell writes, “Aside, in the sense of separately, as a subject of thought, is an Ame ricanism, and is unknown and altogether un exemplified in correct and classical English.” In spite of which Dr. William Mathews boldly uses “aside” and says: “Words have a po tency of association aside from their signific ance as representative signs.” asperse. Often confounded in meaning and use with detract, defame, slander, and calum niate. “Asperse” has a meaning all its own; it fixes a moral stain on the character. If we speak slightingly of our neighbor, we asperse him, though we may not defame, slander, or calumniate him. The correct use of “asper sion” is seen in the words of Steele: “Let those who may be apt to raise aspersions upon our family please to give us an impartial ac count of their own, and we shall be satisfied.” astonish. Do not confuse this word with surprise. When Mrs. Blank discovered her son taking a glass of milk from the cupboard late at night, she said she was surprised. Having studied the dictionary, he replied, “No, you are astonished; I’m surprised.” Look up the definition of these words in this dictionary at and in. “At” is less definite than “in” and may indicate mere proximity to a place. It is proper to use “at” before the names of small towns, foreign cities far remote, and houses. “In” should be used before the names of the great geographical or political divisions of the globe, countries and large cities; as, “He teaches in Paris; she sings in New York.” “At” should be used before the number of a street and “in” or “on” before the name of the street; as “The officer was found at 427 Jay Street.” “At” and “in” may often be used interchangeably, as, “He was bank to adjust its bills receivable to a sound basis, with bad accounts written off, the govern ment cancelled the bank’s indebtedness to it in the sum of about P62,000,000, capital and de posits, reorganization providing, however, for the redemption of this debt with future profits. To date, P5,025,000 has been so redeemed, and the amount remaining to be balanced off is P57,000,000. The bank is a heavy taxpayer, paying some P800,000 annually in taxes on its circulating notes, deposits and capital, and in income taxes. Last year the bank’s net profits were well over two millions, and a better showing has been made during the first half of this year, net pro fits for the six months being Pl,584,000—to surplus, P396,000; to the government (included in the P5,025,000 above), Pl, 188,000. More than 50% of the bank’s business is with the sugar industry, whence derives the bulk of its profits. Its loans to sugar planters appro ximate P25,000,000; those to sugar niills (as industrial capital, used in the main to build the five bank sugar centrals in Negros), P29,000,000. Four and a half years ago, when the re organization act took effect, this latter sum stood at P48,000,000; during 4x/2 years, that is to say, the mills have repaid the bank P19,000,000. As the stockholders, Filipinos, pay the bank, they increase their paid-up shares in the mills. Both the loans to sugar planters and to sugar mills are classified apart from agricultural loans, yet in effect they do aid agriculture materially and directly. Since February it has been the bank’s policy to undertake no new obligations in sugar, owing to this commodity’s position in the world markets. No loans for new centrals are made, nor loans for planting additional cane areas not connected with any existing central. Crop loans are made, on the other hand, to maintain the existing mills at their maximum capacity during the grinding season. It is said that this arbitrary restriction of the sugar industry (so far as the National is conIN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL v viinxn: rXA. V/X’ y^vivxYni^ born in or at Paris.” “At” is used after the rr verb touch; as, “The vessel touched at Queensii’ town.” Either may be used after the verb U a arrive; as, “They arrived at or in Liverpool.” In the phrase, “Where am I at?” born in Congress, “at” is redundant and unnecessary. “In the South” is to be preferred to “at the South,” though there is authority for the latter. Say, “He is at home,” not “to” home —a common error. at all. This phrase is unobjectionable, though usually superfluous. “I saw no birds at all” would suffer no loss by the deletion of ,“at all,” but the latter phrase is sometimes a con venient addition and is used by some writers. THE MANILA HOTEL LEADING HOTEL IN THE ORIENT Designed and constructed to secure coolness, sanitation and comfort under tropic climatic conditions Provides every Western convenience combined with every Oriental luxury Finest Dance Orchestra in the Far East Management - - WALTER E. ANTRIM cerned) is based solely on the bank’s judgment that sugar loans are extraordinarily hazardous while sugar is selling at such low prices. As to the other banks, there is effective supervision through the bank examiner; the government has means, in short, of making its restriction policy felt. Tolling the planters’ crops 40% to 50%, sugar centrals in the Philippines, on the long-term milling contracis they have, are faring satisfac torily during the present period of market de pression. But the planters aren’t doing so well at their end of the industry. Renters partic ularly are in a bad way, while a small profit still remains to the owner-planter who is a thrifty manager. While the present govern mental policy continues in force, production of centrifugal sugar in the Philippines will be quite effectively limited, in so far as banking can con trol the. situation and the government’s fiat can be enforced. Frequent items appear in the Manila press about steps being taken to convert the National into an agricultural bank, the urge behind such statements not being readily apparent. In effect, it seems that the bank’s commercial business derives directly from its agriculturalbank character. It markets large quantities of sugar in America every year, for the centrals it has financed; it has the proceeds to bring back to the Philippines, and does this through the medium of exchange. This is the basis of its business as a commercial bank. Sugar loans aside, the National now has out on long-term agricultural loans nearly the maxi mum share of its capital and surplus, 70%, which the law authorizes to be used in this way, the loans amounting approximately to Pl 1,300,000, and terms ranging from one to ten years. There are more demands, and the bank is preparing to make use of its legal privilege and float real estate bonds in the United States to meet these demands. The bank is authorized under the law to issue real estate bonds secured by exist ing loans and mortgages, the proceeds of the bonds to go into other agricultural loans. This is the proposed next step in aid of Philippine agriculture. INFORMATION FOR INVESTORS Expert, conñdential reports made on Philippine projects ENGINEERING, MINING, AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, LUMBER, ETC. Hydroelectric projects OTHER COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES BRYAN, LANDON CO. Cebu, P. I. Cable address: "YPIL” Cebu. A Pair of Land Act Secrets The extracts of land law in the Philippines about to be quoted are from Act 11517, passed in the first session of the eighth Philippine Legisla ture and approved January 30, 1929. Secrecy veiled the course of the act here; if any section of the press was aware of what was transpiring between the legislature and the executive (Stim son at that time), a discreet silence was main tained. The first news Manila had of the act came from Washington and announced that President Coolidge had given the act his ap proval. The islands’ organic act required this. The act purports to be an act to amend certain sections of Act Numbered Twenty-eight Hundred and Seventy-four, knownas “The Public Land Act.” Legislation concerning the public domain in the Philippines now embraces four or five acts and is quite a muddle even to men of legal train ing and experience. Whether designed delib erately to do so or not (at least much of it), it confronts the pioneer homesteader with a prob lem beyond his ability to solve; he therefore has no security in applying for and attempting to develop a homestead, from which, by the device of the law’s intricate procrastinations, he might, when improvements were made and crops plant ed, be summarily ejected. In an early issue, a digest of the public-lands AREA IN HECTARES AND POPULATION OF PHILIPPINES PROVINCES Population Commercial Forest Non-Commercial Forest Cultivated Land Cogon and Open Land Add 1.75% Total for each year since 1918 Provinces % % % % Abra........................... . 46.3 177,025 8.9 33,910 3.7 14,150 41.1 156,940 382,025 71,721 Agusan....................... . 86.5 961,830 6.7 74,965 5.2 57,935 1.3 14,595 1,112,146 44,358 Albay......................... . 41.4 165,550 25.4 101,604 29.6 117,994 3.4 13,724 399,637 258,770 Ambos Camarines.. . 45.2 333,996 19.5 143,836 22.0 162,541 12.5 92,121 738,409 271,347 Antique..................... . 10.8 28,250 17.7 46,555 11.7 30,625 59.5 155,819 261,849 159,644 Bataan....................... . 66.0 82,000 8.1 10,060 20.1 25,000 5.8 7,260 124,320 583,380 Batangas.................. . 10.3 33,960 19.5 64,005 34.1 112,290 36.0 118,375 328,930 340,195 Batanes..................... . 13.5 2,590 21.1 4,050 18.7 3,587 46.7 8,939 19,166 8,214 Bohol......................... . 21.4 85,000 4.2 16,740 27.3 108,790 43.7 173,774 397,824 359,600 Bukidnon.................. . 45.4 454,980 3.3 33,23 2.2 21,660 28.6 287,123 1,002,589 47,811 Bulacan..................... . 30.4 79,393 14.1 36,765 43.1 112,470 12.3 31,965 260,813 248,863 Cagayan.................... . 49.8 387,983 5.8 44,578 25.9 •201,253 17.1 134,056 778,813 199,938 Capiz......................... . 11.4 50,420 17.5 77,400 21.7 96,130 44.2 195,800 442,890 292,496 Cavite....................... 9.3 11,215 8.2 9,895 40.7 48,815 41.8 50,251 120,176 157,347 Cebu.......................... 4.6 23,000 7.2 34,345 43.0 208,015 44.5 214,780 483,553 857,410 Cotabato................... . 78.7 1,960,530 1.6 39,685 0.6 14,130 2.9 72,640 2,491,580 169,191 Davao....................... . 65.0 1,260,502 25.5 494,622 5.5 106,567 1.5 29,183 1,938,874 119,304 llocos Norte............ . 31.0 103,717 12.5 41,845 19.6 65,570 36.9 123,755 334,887 218,951 llocos Sur................. 1.6 1,860 59.6 68,263 38.8 44,355 114,478 217,410 Iloilo.......................... 7.2 38,339 7.9 41,790 27.5 145,398 55.5 292,990 528,360 508,272 Isabela....................... . 61.4 644,180 0.6 6,968 18.5 193,860 19.5 204,460 1,049,468 112,965 Laguna...................... . 15.4 28,836 21.7 40,544 36.3 67,878 26.6 49,740 186,998 195,371 Lanao......................... . 65.4 412,890 4.1 25,970 1.5 9,090 7.9 50,730 631,701 94,946 La Union.................. 1.0 926 6.1 5,554 54.4 49,330 38.5 34,840 90,650 160,575 Leyte......................... . 50.0 388,860 6.1 47,518 26.3 205,026 17.0 132,444 778,295 597,995 Manila....................... 100.0 3,626 3,626 283,613 Mindoro.................... . 49.0 499,296 13.4 136,456 1.7 17,761 34.5 351,975 1,019,424 73,822 Misamis..................... . 47.9 127,902 0.2 515 3.1 8,244 2.7 7,214 266,770 198,981 Mountain.................. . 56.8 949,095 0.7 11,339 3.3 54,389 39.2 654,950 1,669,773 250,023 Nueva Ecija............. . 35.6 190,823 34.5 184,947 12.1 64,944 17.8 95,157 535,871 227,636 Nueva Vizcaya........ . 79.2 724,190 0.7 6,420 3.2 29,590 16.9 154,070 914,270 35,819 Occidental Negros.. . 47.3 383,205 2.3 18,505 19.3 155,925 30.0 242,740 809,375 397'325 Oriental Negros.. . . . 51.2 252,305 6.2 30,730 18.3 89,920 24.1 118,573 492,618 215,541 Palawan..................... . 88.1 1,282,585 4.2 61,607 2.8 40,260 4.4 64,038 1,455,321 69,061 Pampanga................. 9.2 19,555 13.0 27,755 49.7 105,975 28.1 59,872 213,157 257,641 Pangasinan.............. . 18.1 91,026 18.0 90,895 36.8 185,383 26.2 131,754 503,496 567.644 Rizal........................... . 37.6 87,520 12.1 28,130 14.4 33,600 36.9 83,591 232,841 230,20o Romblon................... . 48.7 62,670 4.4 5,677 18.5 23,850 27.8 35,746 128,723 64,576 Samar........................ 65.0 881,366 14.5 196,033 13.6 184,880 5.1 68,475 1,355,606 380,211 Sorsogon................... . 28.4 167,287 9.2 53,862 24.3 143,349 36.9 217,222 588,966 178,362 Sulu........................... . 25.1 70,297 2.3 6,549 6.3 17,580 11.4 31,902 280,238 167,915 Surigao...................... . 73.3 548,406 3.0 22,260 5.6 41,825 1.4 10,610 748,251 122,022 Tayabas.................... 14.9 45,382 21.8 66,505 24.5 74,940 38.8 118,275 305,102 211,596 Tarlac........................ . 51.2 556,480 14.8 160,755 11.8 128,500 18.5 201,255 1,086,505 172,022 Zamboanga............... . 79.9 1,320,233 3.9 65,132 1.9 31,906 4.8 78,924 1,653,197 147,991 Zambales................... . 39.3 144,595 14.2 52,228 10.9 40,277 34.8 128,210 368,039 83,620 Total..................... . 54.5%16,120,190 9. l%2,704,602 12.5%3,719,465 18.7%5,548,838 29,629,600 10,350,640 legislation as it now stands in the law will be published, for the purpose of giving our readers as much light on the subject as possible. Mean time, here are a pair of secrets belatedly divulged in the complicated phraseology of act 3517: “No member, stockholder, officer, represen tative, attorney, agent, employee or bondholder of any corporation or association holding or con trolling under lease or otherwise agricultural land in excess of one hundred and forty-four hectares shall apply, directly or indirectly, for agricultural public land except under the home stead and free patent provisions of this act.” “Upon the final expiration of the lease, all buildings and other permanent improvements made by the lessee, his heirs, executors, adminis trators, successors, or assigns (,) shall become the property of the Government.” A paramount reason for attempting a clarify ing digest of the land laws of these islands derives from other conditions. The sugar industry pegged at its present position, and emigration drastically curtailed by exercise of the Federal police power, more than ever before it becomes imperative to establish settlers on the public domain, and to mitigate the poverty which re striction of industry and freedom of movement will entail.—Ed. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 28 l'HZ AMEK1CAD! CitlAlVLtS&K. UP ^UIVUVIílk /IWHL SHIPPING REVIEW By H. M. CAVENDER General Agent, The Robert Dollar Company In Philippine ship ping the month of July was considered by own ers as normal. Aside from one parcel of 5,000 tons centrifugal sugar, Trans-Pacific to the Pa cific coast, there was nothing unusual in that trade. A slight falling off in the eastbound movement was notice able, but this is the usual condition at this time of the year. The westbound movement held up very well, imports to the Philippines showing no noticeable change either up or down. There was a decided drop in exports to the Atlantic seaboard, due entirely, however, to the light shipment of sugars, which, at this season of the year, can be expected. The milling season is completed in most sections dur ing May; consequently, June, Jply, August, September and October are off-sugar-season months. The movement of other commodities in this trade remained about the same as for the month of June. The European trade was not quite as brisk as usual, although shipments of baled fibre remained at about the usual monthly figure of 50,000 bales. There were also several good-sized parcels of Philippine hardwood shipped during the month under review to the U. K. and the Continent. There was no notice able change in the trade tonnage between the Philippines and other oriental countries’ during July. There continued the usual fibre and hard wood movement to Japan ports. Manila to New York via Suez and Europe See the Old World on your trip home. Stops of several days in many ports. You can travel through Europe and catch our boat for New York via Southampton, England, at Bremen. “The Most Interesting Trip In The World.” NORDDEUTSCHER LLOYD Zuellig & von Knobelsdorff Agents 90 Rosario, Manila Phone 22324 From statistics compiled by the Associated Steamship Lines, there were exported from the Philippines during the month of June, 1929: To China and Japan ports, 13,594 tons with a total of 46 sailings, of which 2,137 * tons were carried in American bottoms with 10 sailings; to the Pacific coast for local delivery 19,133 tons with a total of 13 sailings, of which 17,083 tons were carried in American bottoms with 10 sail ings; to the Pacific coast for transhipment, 1,669 tons with a total of 10 sailings, of which 677 tons were carried in American bottoms with 7 sail ings; to the Pacific coast for intercoastal 2,149 tons with a total of 7 sailings, all of which were carried in American bottoms; to the Atlantic coast 106,614 tons with a total of 26 sailings, of which 53,245 tons were carried in American bot toms with 10 sailings; to European ports 20,221 tons with a total of 23 sailings, of which 162 tons were carried in American bottoms with 4 sail ings; to Australian ports, 954 tons with a total of 2 sailings, of which American bottoms carried none; a grand total of 164,334 tons with a total of 78 sailings, of which American bottoms carried 75,453 tons with 20 sailings. Passenger traffic during the month of July increased very little over that of the previous month. (First figure represents first class, second figure steerage): To China and Japan 138-378; to Honolulu 3-457; to the Pacific coast 82-339; to Singapore and Straits Settlements 33-16; to Mediterranean ports 14-2. The Bank Line recently announced having placed orders for two more motor ships for its Pacific trade. Construction will take place at Belfast. The Bank Line now has a total of ten ships under construction, six motor ships and four steamers. The general particulars are— 425 feet in length, 57 feet in beam, 38 ft. 6 in. in depth, 9000 tons dead weight capacity, 26 ft. loaded draft and a trial speed of 14 knots. The Matson Navigation Company of San Francisco, California, one of the oldest and best established American Shipping firms, has re cently inaugurated a new fast direct freight service from Los Angeles and San Francisco to Manila, Iloilo and Cebu and other Philippine ports as inducements offer, to be known as the Manila Direct Line. The voyage from San Francisco to Manila will be made in twenty-three days, which is the fast est as well as the only direct communication between California and the Philippine Islands by American steamers. Three 13-knot, 10,000 ton modern freighters, equipped with refrigerated space and deep tanks for the carriage of coconut oil in bulk, have been allocated to this service, beginning with the S.S. Maliko which sailed from San Francisco on July 12, arriving at Manila on August 5; to be followed by the S.S. Maunawili on August 9 and the S.S. Maunalei on September 6 and every twenty-eight days thereafter. Returning homeward the above vessels, after loading at other Philippine ports, will sail from Manila for San Francisco via Honolulu at inter vals of four weeks, beginning with the S.S. Maliko on August 24. It is expected that steerage accommodations will be installed on these vessels in the near future and it is further anticipated that the Matson Navigation Company will inaugurate a direct passenger service to and from San Fran cisco and Manila, although no definite announce ment has been made as yet. The States Steamship Co. has been appointed General Agents in the Philippine Islands for the Matson Navigation Co. A very important announcement during July came from the Dollar Steamship Line, San Francisco, when executives of that company in formed the public that commencing with the liner President Hayes they inaugurate a new service between San Francisco and Los Angeles and the Philippines. This liner, it was stated, will sail from San Francisco September 3, call at Honolulu and arrive in Manila September 26 or 27, returning to San Francisco and Los Angeles, via Hongkong and Honolulu, sailing from Manila September 29. It is proposed by the Dollar Steamship Line shortly to place their liner President Monroe also in this service and give an arrival and sailing at each port of call each four weeks and it will be noticed that the running time San Francisco to Manila will be 22 or 23 days actual steaming, dependent upon later announcement as to the arrival date at Manila. This will constitute the fastest service between the Pacific coast and the Philippines. The President Hayes and President Monroe are sister ships, 522 feet in length, 68 feet beam, speed 14 knots, with a first class capacity of approximately 100 and 500 steerage passengers each. Each lifts 9000 measured tons of general cargo, in addition to 1000 measured tons of re frigerator cargo. SHIPPING PERSONALS F. M. Chalmers, manager, shipping depart ment, W. F. Stevenson & Co., returned to Ma nila July 10 aboard the S.S. Machaon, after a six months’ vacation spent in Europe. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL inc, ^n/iiviDZK ur VsUMLVLEJXAUE J UU KN AL 29 H. M. Cavender, general agent, The Robert Dollar Co., Manila, was a recent visitor to Hong kong in the interests of his company, having left Manila on the S. S. President Pierce June 28 and returned aboard the S.S. President Taft July 8. Robert Woodfine, connected with the operat ing department of The Robert Dollar Co., Ma nila, underwent an operation at St. Paul’s July 2. Mr. Woodfine’s recovery was rapid and we are glad to see him about again. Leonard Yates, Far Eastern representative of the Prince Line, with headquarters in Hong kong, was a visitor to Manila in July, having arrived aboard the S.S. Machaon July 10 and returned to Hongkong aboard the S.S. President Taft July 12. O. D. Martinez, oriental operating manager for The Robert Dollar Co., with headquarters at Shanghai, arrived in Manila July 2 aboard the S.S. President Harrison and returned to Shang hai July 6 aboard the S.S. President Jackson. Mr. Martinez was on a business trip in the inter ests of his company. Walter Sokall, formerly connected with The Robert Dollar Co., Hongkong, accompanied by Mrs. Sokall, passed through Manila July 16 aboard the S.S. President Johnson enroute to Naples, Italy, where Mr. Sokall will take up duties as general agent for the company. S. G. King, formerly connected writh the Chicago office of the Dollar Steamship Line, accompanied by Mrs. King, arrived in Manila July 4 aboard the S.S. President Jackson to take up duties in the passenger department of The Robert Dollar Co. Ole May, assistant passenger agent, The Robert Dollar Co., was married to Miss Phoebe Davis of Los Angeles on July 15. Mrs. May arrived in Manila aboard the S.S. President McKinley July 15. E. W. Latie, accompanied by wife and son, arrived in Manila July 25 aboard the S.S. Em press of France to take over the office of the States Steamship Co., as general agent, reliev ing Hecter Hunt, who is leaving Manila on the S.S. Empress of Russia for the United States. L. Everett, president of the firm which bears his name, accompanied by his family, sailed for Shanghai July 26 aboard the S.S. President Jefferson. F. A. Vezina, formerly passenger agent, Cana dian Pacific, Manila, left Manila aboard the S.S. Empress of Asia July 5 for Montreal on a six months’ furlough. Mr. Vezina has been relieved by G. R. Razavet, formerly in the passenger office of the Canadian Pacific, Hongkong. J. M. W. Munro, formerly acting manager of the shipping department of W. F. Stevenson Co., Manila, during the absence of F. M. Chalmers on furlough, is now in charge of the Iloilo office of that firm during the absence of H. Thompson, on furlough. Americans Occupy Manila: August 13, 1898 {Continued from page 25) By the operations of the United States Signal Corps, cable communication between Manila and Hongkong was restored late on the night of August 20, and the first message that it bore direct from Washington was one of congratula tions from President McKinley. On the 26th, General Merritt was instructed to turn over the command to General Elwell S. Otis, who had arrived on August 21, at the head of the Fourth expedition, comprising nearly 5,000 troops on four transports, and himself to proceed to Paris, after consulting fully with Admiral Dewey, in order to present his information and views and those of the admiral to the Peace Commission there. Understanding Our Age {Continued from page 2Jf) we may use it at all times to the best advantage and in order that we may dedicate it to the task of exalting human endeavor. Evil has always existed, and will continue to exist, side by side with good, in order to stimulate our diligence and eternal vigilance in making the world better fitted for habitation by intelligent and gregarious individuals, destined to live within the pale of peace and love and not as voracious beasts in the wilderness. I hope that our colleges will understand fully their mission and will seek to train their students not merely to be professional and technical men, but something better—men of broad culture and open mentality, men of their age who understand that the world is in constant rotation and that their country cannot remain beyond its in fluence; that everybody has the obligation of contributing something to human achievement, in order to make the world a little better than when they came into it. The fountains of life and knowledge are inexhaustible, to the end that humanity may drink in abundance and slake its persistent thirst for boundless and infinite advancement. The annual report of ex-Governor Stimson was published in full in the Manila Daily Bulletin of Thursday, August 8. It is. for the year Stimson was here, 1928, and reiterates that the land laws must stand as they are, that Manila is a place of intransigent sentiment, etc., some of which is rather interesting reading. Coming at a time when the Journal was being made ready for the press, no more notice than this pageclose can here be taken of it. Maybe space will be available next month. AMERICAN MAIL LINE DOLLAR STEAMSHIP LINE \ COMBINED TRANSPACIFIC SERVICE SAILING ONCE A WEEK The “President” Liners Offer Speed—Service—Courtesy—Comfort Excellent Food, Comfortable Cabins, Broad Decks, American Orchestra, Dancing, Swimming Pool, Sports SAILING ONCE A WEEK TO SAN FRANCISCO AND LOS ANGELES via Hongkong, Shanghai, Kobe, Yokohama, and Honolulu SAILINGS ON ALTERNATE FRIDAYS 24 Calle David ROUND THE WORLD President Wilson - - - Aug. 14 President Van Buren - - Aug. 28 President Hayes - - - Sept. 11 President Polk - - - - Sept. 25 President Garñeld - - - Oct. 9 President Harrison - - - Oct. 23 Sailings every fortnight MANILA VICTORIA AND SEATTLE via Hongkong, Shanghai, Kobe, and Yokohama SAILINGS ON ALTERNATE SATURDAYS Telephone No. 2-24-41 IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 30 AM2K2UAW CsH/uvibuk jvutwu^ On The Futility of Tennis You serve your vis-a-vis the ball And cut it—kindly thought; You find you might have spared yourself The pains—for “love” is naught. Your fair opponent lofts the ball And hits you in the sinus; “Oh, deuce!” you cry; “Add out!” she smiles, And adding leaves you minus. You hit the ball an awful slam To show the thing who’s boss; Net profit meanly sneaks away And leaves you with net loss. —A. R. E. COPRA AND ITS PRODUCTS By E. A. SEIDENSPINNER Vice-President and Manager, Copra Milling Corporation Copra.—Heavy buy ing pressure principally on the part of local mills advanced the market at provincial concentra tion points during the first three weeks of July. Heavy buying was undoubtedly the result, to some extent, of the much improved Lon don market. Produc tion was handicapped during the early days of July because of bad weather but registered considerable improve ment during the last week of the month. Not withstanding the strong demand from local buyers, further advance in the market seems unlikely, in view of anticipated good production, unless outside markets re-act for the better. Total arrivals at Manila during the month of July were 334,474 bags as compared with 396,005 bags for July, 1928. The improved bids from the Continent were the outstanding feature in the copra market during the past thirty days, prices having ad vanced approximately £3-0-0 for August/Sep tember shipment. This upward movement, we are advised, was due almost entirely to shorts covering, and the market closed with the London market quoted inactive at £22-2-6 which is approximately £1-0-0 lower than the peak July quotation. Latest cable advices as follows: Manila, buen corriente, P9.00 to P9.25; arrival resecada, P10.00 to P10.25; San Fran cisco, $.04-1/4 nominal; London, f. m. m. in bags, £22-2-6. Coconut Oil.—While large U. S. soapers dis played little interest in the improved European market, buyers for the edible trade advanced their bids for comparatively small lots of coco nut oil to 7-1/4 cents f. o. b. tank cars New York. Trading at these figures might have assumed fair proportions but sellers became cau tious and displayed little eagerness to trade. With the Continental market today is quoted inactive at 7 cents f. o. b. tank cars New York. Cottonseed oil, while on the whole steady thruout July, was reported easy as the market, closed, due to favorable weather reports from the Cot ton Belt. Latest cable as follows: San Francisco, $.06-5/8 to $.06-3/4 f. o. b. tank cars; New York, $.07 f. o. b. tank cars; London, no quotations. Copra Cake.—Continued July strength in the grain markets was reflected in a better demand from all sources for copra cake. Some trades for Hamburg were reported at prices ranging between £8-15-0 and £9-2-6. Pressure of resales during the last week of the month has caused buyers to become cautious and though quota tions remain practically unchanged at £8-15-0 there was little business to test the market. With the well-sold-up position of local mills, there should be nothing, as far as the Philip pines are concerned, to depress the market up to the end of the year. Latest quotations as follows: Hamburg, £8-15-0; San Francisco, $35.50 per ton of 2000 lbs; Manila, sellers P65.00 to P70.00 per ton of 1000 kilos ex godown; no buyers. Manila, August 5, 1929. Here’s how to get Manilas! Genuine Manila Hand Made Long Filler Cigars are obtainable in your city or nearby! List of Distributors furnished upon request to— C. A. BOND Philippine Tobacco Agent: 15 Williams St. New York City or Collector of Internal Revenue Manila, P. I. Manilas will satisfy your taste! TOBACCO REVIEW Alhambra Cigar and Cigarette Manufacturing Co. Raw Leaf:—During July the greater part of the new Isabela crop has been bought from the planters. Average prices contracted were about 20% above last year’s figures. This in crease in price was chiefly caused by smaller production and expectations of a higher pro portion of appropriate cigar leaf. Exports main tain a satisfactory volume for July. Com parative figures are as follows: Rawleaf, Stripped Tobacco and Scraps Kilos China.................................................. 12,077 Czechoslovakia.................................. 818,901 Hongkong................ 33,844 Japan....................... 23,500 North Africa..................................... 30,911 North Atlantic (Europe)................. 82,452 Spain.................................................. 1,896,948 Straits Settlements............................ 1,888 Tonkin............................................... 53 United States.................................... 95,658 Uruguay............................................. 14,421 3,010,653 June, 1929.................................. 2,541,531 July, 1928.................................. 404,491 Cigars:—July showed the biggest export to the United States for this year, although yet considerably behind the corresponding 1928 figure. Comparative statistics covering ship ments to the United States are as follows: July 1929, about 14,850,000; June 1929, 11,202,168; July 1928, 17,228,142. RAIL COMMODITY MOVEMENTS By L. ARCADIO Acting Traffic Manager, Manila Railroad Company. The following commodities were received in Manila June 26, 1929, to July 25, 1929, both inclusive, via Manila Railroad: Rice, cavans............ Sugar, piculs........... Tobacco, bales........ Copra, piculs.......... Coconuts.................. Lumber, B. F. ..... Desiccated coconuts, cases..................... 1929 June July 150,250 121,937 178,192 2,464 35,040 36,120 168,200 221,100 1,886,500 3,226,300 733,050 734,400 12,095 12,177 THE RICE INDUSTRY By Percy A. Hill of Muñoz, Nueva Erija. Director, Rice Producers’ Association Prices for both palay and rice have taken an small advance as pre dicted, the former bring• ingfrom P3.90 to P4.20 at buying terminals, and the latter P8.80 to P10.00 according to grade at consuming cen ters. Weather conditions affecting the coming crop have been favor able since the last re port but in general the planting season will be delayed some three weeks in the central Luzon plain due to loss of seedlings and other causes which will have their effect on the coming harvest. Prices of both palay and rice, considering the actual domestic supply, are still low, but this is IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL August, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 31 due in part to the overseas export supply and price. In connection with this is the fact that Tonkin rice is again becoming a factor in the market. Tonkin was one of the chief countries of Philippine supply until shortly before the war. The area devoted to rice, together with an in creasing population and the turning of their energies into other channels, cut off this supply, which was compensated by Saigon exports. Recently the area to rice was increased by irrigation projects finished since the war, with a consequent increase of supply. As far as can be learned, this rice, formerly destined for South China, has, on account of troubled conditions there, been diverted to other markets, hence the fluctuation of price noted during the last two or three months. With the exception of a small increase of area to rice in Indo-Asia, the chief fact of significance has been the increasing yields throughout Japan, Burma, Korea, Siam and Indochina, which is succeeding in augmenting the supply to provide the increasing population. This is a lesson that might be followed by the Philip pines with excellent results, if we were not given so much to doing things by laws, brain work and noble words rather than really doing them. It will be some time before we can equal the success of the backward peoples of Asia, judged by pfesent results. REVIEW OF THE EXCHANGE MARKET By Richard E. Shaw Manager, International Banking Corporation A distinct firmness characterized the mar ket for the entire month. Slight concessions were made from time to time but the prevailing sell ing rate for US$ TT was 1-1/8% premium. There were keen buyers of USS TT ready and forward at 3/4% pre mium, but little export exchange was offering. At the month end settle ments were being made at 1/4% premium for O/D credits and 3/4% discount for 60 d/s D/P paper. The following purchases of telegraphic trans fers have been made from the Insular Treasurer since last report: REAL ESTATE By P. D. Carman San Juan Heights Addition July sales are some what lower than in 1925, 1926 and 1927, but exceed the July totals since 1919 as shown by the following: 1920, 882,659; 1921, 480,105; 1922,1,029,019; 1923, 717,859; 1924, 975,450; 1925, 1,635,527 1926, 1,843,930; 1927, 894,398; 1928,1,478,663. Oriental Sales City of Manila Sta. Cruz....................... Binondo......................... San Nicolas................... Tondo............................ Sampaloc....................... Quiapo........................... Intramuros.................... Ermita........................... Malate........................... Paco............................... Sta. Ana........................ Pandacan....................... Sta. Mesa...................... 25,300 ............. June 1929 July 1929. P175,680 249,923 16,500 105,400 406,278 155,547 21,720 66,269 88,033 89,712 10,500 44,650 16,000 20,000 121,500 23,551 142,381 45,801 23,047 35,225 20,001 115,417 1,809 P902,579 Pl,117,692 Week ending— June 15th.................................. $1,040,000 June 22nd................................ 230,000 June 29th................................ 925,000 July 6th................................ 150,000 July 13th................................ 150,000 July 20th................................ 750,000 Sterling quotations remained pegged through out the month with sellers quoting 2/-7/16 for TT and buyers offering 2/-9/16. On the last business day of June the New York-London crossrate was 484 15/16. The lowest point reached was 484 27/32 on the first, second and third of July. A high of 485 15/32 was touched on July 29th and the closing quota tion was 485 5/16. On June 29th the London bar silver rates were 24 1/8 for ready and 24 3/16 for forward. The low for July was 23 15/16 ready and 24 forward on the third of the month. Quotations rose to a high of 24 13/16 ready and 24 7/8 forward on July 20th, and declined to 24 1/4 ready and 24 3/8 forward as of the last day of the month. The quotation for New York bar silver on June 29th was 52 1/4. During the first three days of July silver stood at 51 7/8. The rate rose to a high of 53 3/4 on July 19th and on July 31st closed at 52 5/8. Telegraphic transfers on other points were quoted as follows * on July 31st: Paris, 12.35; Madrid, 149 3/4; Singapore, 114; Japan, 94 3/8; Shanghai, 84 3/8; Hongkong, 98 3/8; India, 136; Java, 122 1/2. ITH either Seattle or San Francisco as your Port of Entry into the United States, you can take the smartly appointed and serviced no extra fare Oriental Limited to eastern America. From Seattle or Portland, it reaches Chicago in 68 hours. Follows the courses of ten great rivers and trav erses over 1200 clean, cinderless miles behind giant electric and oil-burning locomotives, through mountains, forests and prairies. CLEAN. CINDERLESS, LUXURIOUS, SCENIC ROUTE Apply to Tourist Agencies or Trans-Pacific Steamship Lines or write J. Wesley Young, Gen’l Agent, Pass’r Dept., 1205 4th Ave., Seattle, Wash. A. H. Hebb, Agent, 916 Government St., Victoria, B. C. Edw. A. Dye, Gen’l Agent, 607 Hastings St., Vancouver, B. C. C. A. Gerken, Gen’l Agent, 1009 Hearst Bldg., San Francisco, Cal. M. J. Costello, West.Traf. Mgr., Seattle,Wash. Cable address: Hillrail Enroute you will see the illumi nated New Cascade Tunnel, long est in the Western Hemisphere— 8 miles through the Cascade Mountains—shortening the dis tance across America on the Great Northern Railway. At Chicago make connections with fast de luxe trains for Detroit, Cleveland, Pittsburgh, Philadelphia, New York, Boston, Washington, D. C., and other American cities. A Dependable Railway IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 32 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL August, 1 929 JULY SUGAR REVIEW By George H. Fairchild firm on the 3rd with New York Market —A material improve ment was registered in the New York market in the first week of the month under review, owing to increased inter est by speculators who believed that there would be some form of crop control in Cuba next sea son, both as regards pro duction and disposal. The market closed very sales of present shipment Architecture We live in ruined mansions, Live as ghosts Prowling high corridors Where simpler men believed And knelt and prayed unshaken in their faith. We make the gesture too— Ghastly and tragic, futile and dismayed, On winds of doubt our prayers are whisked away, And on we wander, doubting, after them. Happy is he whose work becomes a fetish, Or who for brood and spouse Rejoices he’s a slave; But weary he who has an hour to think, At least to muse, beside a river’s brink Or in a garden’s fragrant solitude Where he beholds the old remorseless feud Between grim Nature, who ten thousand sows Just to make certain that the species grows, And each of those ten thousand who would be One with the mother of eternity. The more one ponders it, The more he comes to feel The Nazarene perhaps was right: We build when we tear down, By squandering what we own, By making ourselves prodigals. And now, we can’t— Pent within cities as we are, Far from the field, the pasture, and the mine, We cannot say, “Partake, good neighbor, all is thine;” For when we do, we starve, And ere men learn the art of starving They go mad. What we must learn is how, with these new tools, To order living by the ancient rules; And that’s not easy, It will take much time As we, in cycles, measure lapsing years. There are great epochs, We are in one now, Like Babel knew in her ambitious days, When tool-contriving has devised apart, Cubas to refiners at 1-31/32 cents c. and f., equivalent to 3.74 cents 1.1. for P. I. centrifugals. In the second week a further improvement was recorded, the market being firm at the close on the 11th, with buyers of prompt shipment Cubas 2-1/16 cents c. and f. (3.83 cents 1. t.). The market continued its upward trend and small sales present shipment Cubas were made to re finers on the 18th at 2-3/16 cents c. and f. (3. 96 cents 1. t.), at which price 2500 tons P. I. afloats (June shipment) were sold. The highest price for the year was obtained on the 22nd when small sales present shipment Cubas were sold to refiners at 2-5/16 cents.c. and f. (4.08 cents 1. t.), owing to the rumor that the decree for a single selling agency in Cuba would be issued on the 24th of July. The following day, however, the market was depressed with a down ward tendency, when the quotation was 2-1/4 cents c. and f. (4.02 cents 1. t.) at which price there were sellers but no buyers. Prices gradual ly sagged thereafter owing to the "uncertainty as to the * outcome of the single-seller suggestion, Existence not of spirit nor the heart And distant far from Nature— Who goes slaying mercilessly until human ken Sets things aright within her realm again. Such is our epoch: we can but strive Like animals—we are!—to be alive; To eat, to breathe, but hardly to be sane, The latchstring drawn, no altar light, no fane, Only relentless effort To keep from hungering on the bounteous plain, To keep from thirsting in the gracious rain. To keep on living. Such is the cost of something— Is it sin? We have not sinned, And less have sinned our fathers; We are, as they, materials With which Omnipotence, or Nature, All’s one in the end, Is building something for an age far hence Which we shall not enjoy: So it has always been, And Moses on that mountain, viewing Canaan, Is a poesy the Hebrews wrote Into an ageless book Telling the tale of all our lives And ending with a tramp who damned it all, A game not worth the candle— For Christ, death, in any form they willed it, When they willed. He was but telling us To build up loftier mansions than beasts’ lairs; And when the tools we’ve made Cease mastering all our hours, We can: those distant generations can Who have applied philosophy to urban fife, As patriarchs in ages gone applied it to the field— Our children’s children’s children, coming on, Will find God in a paving stone, And we have lost Him in the running brook. and P. I. sugar was quoted on the 30th at 3.83 cents at which there were sellers but no buyers. The month closed with a firmer market, how ever, and the operators were buyers of Cubas at 2-1/8 cents (3.89 cents 1. t.). The visible stocks in the U. K., U. S., Cuba and European statistical countries are 4,423,000 tons as compared with 4,063,000 tons at the same time last year and 3,759,000 tons in 1927. Futures. Quotations on the New York Ex change during July fluctuated as follows: High Low Latest 1929— July............. ........ 2.23 1.88 2.19 September. . ........ 2.25 1.97 2.10 December.. . ........ 2.34 2.09 2.20 1930— January....... ........ 2.34 2.13 2.21 March......... ........ 2.34 2.17 2.23 May............ ........ 2.45 2.24 2.29 July............. ........ 2.44 2.33 2.37 Philippine Sales. During the month of July, sales of Philippine centrifugals in the Atlantic Coast—afloats, near arrivals and for future deli veries—amounted to 38,500 tons at prices rang ing from 3.64 cents to 4.25 cents 1.1. as compared with sales amounting to 26,500 tons during the same period lást year at prices ranging from 4.02 cents to 4.33 cents landed terms. Europe:—F. O. Licht published his third estimate of the 1929-30 beet area in Europe of 2,625,000 hectares as compared with 2,634,554 hectares for 1928-29, these figures including Russia. Dr. Gustav Mikusch, in his report dated May 29, reviews the movement of sugar into con sumption in Europe. Although only seven to eight months of the current sugar year are covered in the statistics received from the various countries of Europe, the consumption figures show an increase of about four per cent over last year, while for the last month covered by his report (April) the increase is five per cent. Surplus stocks were materially reduced by the heavy exports. Local Market'.—The local market for centri fugals, in sympathy with the American market, showed a material improvement, and fairly large quantities of sugar changed hands in the first week at P8.875 to P8.90 per picul ex go down. In the second week, prices further advanced to P9.00 P9.12J^ but very little sugar was procurable even at this price. In the third week the market was firmer at the advance but stocks were so reduced that the season might be said to be practically over. Buyers were offering P9.25 to T9.50 but no sellers could be found. In the first two weeks musco vados were neglected at unchanged (nominal) quotations. In the third week, however, the muscovado market became firmer on renewed inquiries from China for higher grades and there were buyers on the basis of P6.25 for No. 1. Crop Prospects. Reports indicate that too much rain has fallen in the southern part of Negros and most of the sugar districts on Luzon. The setback received by the young cane during the season of severe drouth in March, April and May has been accentuated by the heavy con tinuous rains during June and July. This is particularly so in unirrigated districts which, however, constitute an insignificant percentage of the area in cane. Besides heavy downpours, intermittent squalls and storms passed over the Philippines during July which fortunately did not occasion heavy damage in either Luzon or Negros, but an estimated loss of P10,000 from storm damage was reported from Mindoro. Philippine Exports. Exports of sugar from the Philippines for 1928-29 crop, from November 1, 1928, to July 31, 1929, amounted to 614,720 tons, segregated as follows: Metric tons Centrifugals.......................... 587,474 Muscovados.......................... 20,241 Refined.............................. 7,005 Total.............................. 614,720 Java Market:—The Java market was firmer, large transactions having been consummated at unchanged prices. There was an active demand but business was somewhat checked by an advance of Gs 0.50 per quintal. In the third week, large sales of present crop Superiors were IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL August, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 33 sold by the Trust at Gs 12%, Gs 12-5/8 and Gs 12 % successively and Browns at Gs 11, Gs 11% and Gs 11%. The following are the latest quotations, after further large sales chiefly to Japan were made by the Trust at full rates: Superiors— Aug./Sept, shipment Gs. 13— P7.02, per P. I. picul f. o. b. Oct./Nov./Dec. shipment Gs. 13%—P7.15, per P. I. picul f. o. b. Jan./Feb./Mar Shipment 13%—P7.28, per P. I. picul f. o. b. REVIEW OF THE HEMP MARKET By L. L. Spellman Macleod and Company This report covers the Manila hemp market for the month of July with statistics up to and in cluding July 29th, 1929. IL S. Grades:—The market in New York opened quiet with ship pers rather anxious to sell with buyers holding off. Selling prices were nominally on the basis of: D, 13-3/4 cents; E,1 2-3/4 cents; F, 111/2 cents; G, 8-1/4 cents; H, 7-3/4 cents; I, 11-3/8 cents, JI, 9-3/4 cents; SI, 11-3/8 cents; S2, 11 cents; S3, 8-1/2 cents. This condition existed until about the middle of the month when there was a slightly better tone and prices moved up to: D, 14 cents; E, 13 cents; F, 11-3/4 cents; G, 9-7/8 cents; H, 7-7/8 cents; 1,11-1/8 cents; JI, 10-3/4 cents; SI, 11-3/4 cents; S2, 10-5/8 cents; S3, 9-5/8 cents. Sales during the last half of the month were few and prices declined to: D, 13-3/4 cents; E, 12-1/4 cents; F, 11-3/4 cents; G, 8-3/4 cents; H, 7-3/4 cents; I, 11—1/4 cents, JI, 10-1/4 cents; 51, 11-3/8 cents; S2, 10-3/4 cents; S3, 9-3/4 cents. The asking prices on some of the grades showed a gain for the month but, on the average, values were practically unchanged. In Manila the market was quiet on the first of the month with shippers paying the following prices: D, P29.50; E, P27.50; F, P25.50; G, 17.75; H, P15; I, P24.25; JI, P21.25; SI, P24.50; 52, P23; S3, P18. Receipts were smaller than at any time during the year but owing to the lack of demand in the New York market, prices moved up very little and by the 15th shippers were paying: D, P29.50; E, P27.50; F, P26; G, P18.25; H, P15.25; I, P25; JI, P22; SI, P25; S2, P24; S3, P18.50. For the balance of the month the market remained quiet and closed with shippers paying: D, P30.50; E, P28.50; F, P26; G, P18.25; H, P15; I, P25; JI, P22; SI, P25.50; S2, P24; S3, P18.75. These prices showed a slight gain for the month but most of the houses showed very little interest in hemp. U. K. Grades:—The U. K. market opened quiet to dull with shippers offering to sell at: J2, £37.5; K, £32.15; LI, £32.15; L2, £30; Ml, £30; M2, £26; DL, £26.5; DM, £22.10. Toward the middle of the month some sales were made and the market was rather steadier with shippers offering at the following prices: J2, £38; K, £34; LI, £34; L2, £31.10; Ml, £31.10; M2, £26.15; DL, £27, DM, £22.10. The smaller receipts had its effect and by the end of the month the market was steady to firm and prices were quoted as: J2, £38.10; K, £33.5; Ll, £33.5; L2, £30.10; Ml, £30.10; M2, £27; DL, £27; DM, £22. This showed a gain for the better qualities while the lower grades remained practically unchanged. In Manila, the market for the U. K. grades on the first of the month was quiet with buyers paying: J2, P17.50; K, F14.50; Ll, P14.50; L2, P13; Ml, P13; M2, Pll; DL, TH; DM, 5 * 9.25. Conditions improved slightly and by the middle of the month the exporters were buying at: J2, P18.25; K, P15.25; Ll, P15.25; L2, P13.75; Ml, P13.75; M2, P11.50; DL, 5 * 11.50; DM, P9.25. The market for the U. K. qualities continued steady throughout the balance of the month and at the close shippers were buying at: J2, P18.25; K, P15.50; Ll, P15.50; L2, P13.50; Ml, P13.50; M2, P11.25; DL, Pll.25; DM, P9.25. There was a gain of from TO.25 to Pl.00 a picul on the various grades with the average slightly more than P0.50 for the month. Japan:—This market bought a fair quantity of hemp during the last week or ten days due to the firmness of the U. K. market. Reports would indicate tha there is still a fair stock of hemp on hand in the Japanese ports and con sumption is only fair. Maguey:—There was practically no change in this market throughout the month. Buying prices averaged P13 to P13.50 for Cebu No. 2 and Pl 1.25 to Pl 1.50 for Cebu No. 3. A few sales were made in the U. S. and the U. K. markets but sales did not keep pace with pro duction. The Manila Maguey season is over and while there is a fair amount of fiber still stored in llocos Norte and llocos Sur, there will be no shipments of any consequence until No vember or December. Production:—There was a decided falling off in receipts for July and it is doubtful if balings will exceed 120,000 bales. The bad weather had its effect and also July is usually a month Coast Limited” Travel East via the “North Chicago! Leaves Seattle at '11:00 A. M. for all the principal cities of the United States. Two days of sightseeing through America’s greatest mountains. A particularly satisfying fea ture of Northern Pacific travel is its diner service. The luxurious, new Observa tion-Club car with its deep, rest ful lounge—cushioned chairs— library—writing corner—club rooms—showers—and maid and valet service—affords many hours of pleasure. New-type Pullmans and pow erful, new locomotives. You will find unusual travel comfort and courteous, personal service aboard this fine train. The Japan Tourist Bureau, American Express Company, Thos. Cook & Son, Shanghai Commercial & Savings Bank or any trans-Pacific steamship company, will gladly furnish additional information. Oswald Crawford, G. A. R. J. Tozer, A. G. P. A. E. E. Blackwood, G. A. 501 Granville Street 200 L. C. Smith Bldg. 912 Government Street Vancouver, B. C. Seattle, Wash., U. S. A. Victoria, B. C. Northern Pacific Railway ins'! ** of low production due to the fact that food crops are being planted in June which limits produc tion and has its effect on the hemp arriving at market during July. Indications are that August production will be greater than July but will not equal the early months of the year. Freight Rates:—There is no change in rates on hemp since last report. Statistics:—The figures below are for the period ending July 29th, 1929: 1929 1928 Manila Hemp Bales Bales On hand January 1st. . . . 158,452 965,306 139,624 Receipts to date.............. 781,312 929,805 786,167 1,123,758 920,936 1929 1928 Shipment to— Bales Bales U. K..................... 205,701 203,856 Continent............. 102,770 121,424 U. S...................... 341,384 207,762 Japan.................... 235,141 187,929 All Others............ 44,809 65,196 Stop oSf at Yellowstone Park Season June XS-Sept. 20 Without exception this is the most unique outdoor playground in all the world—3,500 square miles of geysers in eruption—hot col ored pools—boiling lakes—the deep, brilliant gulf of the Grand Canyon—and big, friendly bears to amuse you. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 34 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL August, 1929 ' - FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR WEEK ENDING JULY 20, 1929 Commercial Printing is a silent but powerful messenger, and your letter heads, billheads, cards, envelopes, etc., when well printed, all help to build up that feeling of confidence so much desired in this modern business age. Close personal attention to every phase of a printed job is an invariable feature of McCullough Service, and our repu tation for producing good printing merits your patronage. McCullough printing company ioi escolta Phone 21801 manila, p. i. Luzon Stevedoring Co., Inc. Lightering, Marine Contractors Towboats, Launches, Waterboats Shipbuilders and Provisions SIMMIE & GRILK Phone 2-16-61 Port Area BANK REPORT 1. Total Loans, Discounts and Over drafts........................................... July 20 P125,174,994 July 13 P126,251,247 2. Total Investments.......................... 19,753,237 20,320,688 3. Total due from banks, agencies and branches in Philippine Islands.. . 20,890,877 20,865,874 4. Total due from head office and branches which supply working capital to foreign banks doing business in the Philippine Islands. 8,244,591 7,358,668 5. Total due from other banks........... 48,881,667 45,383,702 6. Total cash on hand: <r (a) Treasury Certificates.............. 19,009,967 17,337,709 (5) Other cash available for reserve 1,221,905 1,009,866 (c) Bank Notes.............................. 622,737 642,256 (d) Other cash............................... 418,828 403,716 Total............................... 21,273,437 19,393,547 7. Total resources (Not a total of above items)............................... 249,808,852 250,584,689 8. Total Demand Deposits................. 70,026,747 68,301,763 9. Total Time Deposits...................... 59,141,210 57,450,147 10. Total due to Head Office or other offices, representing working capital of foreign branch banks doing business in the Philippine Islands......................................... 39,156,710 40,968,557 11. Total due to banks, agencies and branches in the Philippine Islands 10,774,598 11,750,331 12. Total due to other banks............... 1,555,976 1,656,439 13. Total exchange bought by banks since last report—spot................ 3,096,025 3,236,048 14. Total exchange sold by banks since . last report—spot......................... 4,871,069 4,043,492 15. Total exchange bought by banks since last report—future............. 3,300,602 2,124,565 16. Total exchange sold by banks since last report—future...................... 3,794,906 2,949,433 17. Total debits to individual accounts since last report.......................... 31,646,165 28,771,351 GOVERNMENT REPORT Exchange: 1. Total exchange sold by Treasurer on New York—demand............ _______ _______ 2. Total exchange sold by Treasurer on New York—telegraphic....... 1,500,000 300,000 3. Total exchange sold by Treasurer, New York on Manila—tele graphic....................................... Circulation: 4. Government— (a) Philippine Coins.................... (b) Treasury Certificates............. (c) Available in Treasury for cir culation .............................. 21,377,069.96 98,896,980.00 (14,716,169.00) 21,901,238.65 100,407,941.00 (17,417,204.00) 5. Bank Notes................................... 21,271,284.00 21,309,984.70 Total Circulation............. 142,045,334.00 149,619,164.35 Government Reserves: 6. Gold Standard Fund—Treasury, Manila....................................... 10,577,132.31 9,066,887.32 7. Gold Standard Fund—New York. 18,487,229.88 19,987,229.88 8. Treasury Certificate Fund— Treasury, Manila...................... 21,641,281.00 21,641,281.00 9. Treasury Certificate Fund— New York................................. 84,125,107.00 84,125,107.00 Total Reserves.................. 134,830,750.19 134,820,505.20 (Signed) Ben F. Wright, Insular Auditor. IN RESPONDING TO ADVDRTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL August, 1929 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL 35 PRINCIPAL EXPORTS • Monthly average for 12 months May, 1929 May, 1928 ending May, 1929 Commodities Quantity Value % Quantity Value % Quantity Value % Sugar......................................................................................................... ............... 76,076,050 Pll,415,817 43.7 52,100,919 P 8,907,251 35.7 49,417,217 P 7,976,093 28.4 Hemp......................................................................................................... ............... 14,919,336 4,471,378 17.0 14,777,274 4,719,384 19.0 15,769,305 4,693,728 16.7 Coconut Oil...................................................................... ...................... ............... 7,939,245 2,576,026 9.8 8,997,065 3,073,378 12.4 15,028,903 4.882,791 17.4 Copra......................................................................................................... Cigars (Number).................................................................................... ............... 12,291,107 2,300,045 8.7 14,762,380 2,968,854 12.0 19,245,976 3,848,719 13.7 ............... 14,817,649 599,367 2.3 13,986,209 597,250 2.5 17,725,370 751,136 2.7 Embroidery.......................................................... ;................................. 958,977 3.6 546,799 2.2 837,287 3.0 Maguey................................... . . ..................................... .. . ............... 1,148,245 225,125 0.8 1,664,997 342,155 1.4 1,351,413 282,375 1.0 Leaf Tobacco.......................................................................................... ............... 634,187 163,992 0.6 2,083,706 622,592 2.5 1,831,420 620,312 2.2 Desiccated and Shredded Coconut...................................................... ............... 1,830,886 615,059 2.3 1,608,735 600,817 2.4 1,812,052 658,602 2.3 Hats (Number)...................................................................................... ............... 41,949 131,084 0.5 82,493 356,387 1.4 136,955 678,163 2.4 Lumber (Cubic Meter)........................................................................ ............... 13,089 443,349 1.7 15,962 521,296 2.0 14,128 494,788 1.8 Copra Meal............................................................................................. ............... 6,444,113 425,838 1.6 4,951,631 328,220 1.3 8,366,195 613,293 2.2 Cordage..................................................................................................... ............... 515,897 263,374 1.0 485,811 258,514 1.0 373,519 323,689 1.2 Knotted Abaca....................................................................................... ............... 94,151 349,492 1.3 25,211 56,805 0.2 48,609 160,387 0.6 Pearl Buttons (Gross).......................................................................... ............... 57,033 59,316 0.2 74,197 70,292 0.3 61,835 65,290 0.2 Canton (low grade cordage fiber)....................................................... ............... 802,520 161,242 0.6 713,096 138,025 0.6 588,499 105,312 0.4 All Other Products...................... .......................................................... 1,024,593 3.9 589,264 2.4 902,407 3.2 Total Domestic Products...................................................................... 1 * 26,062,334 99.6 P24,596,613 99.5 P27.712.987 99.4 United States Products........................................................................ 109,616 0.4 65,303 0.3 129,300 0.5 Foreign Products.................................................................................... 12,124 35,067 0.2 42,606 0.1 Grand Total........................................................................... P26,184,074 100.0 P24,696,983 100.0 P27.894.382 100.0 Note:—All quantities are in kilos except where otherwise indicated. CARRYING TRADE PRINCIPAL IMPORTS Articles May, 1929 Monthly average for May, 1928 12 months ending May, 1929. Value % Value % Value % Cotton Cloths................... P 3,272,724 12.6 P2,505,832 12.6 P3,656,815 15.9 Other Cotton Goods....... 1 ,227,003 4.7 . 1,058,044 5.4 1,192 267 5.4 Iron and Steel, Except Machinery..................... 2,626,351 10.1 1,564,773 7.9 1,896,473 8.3 Rice.................................... 624,642 2.4 101,617 0.5 659,606 2.9 Wheat Flour..................... 1,432,078 5.5 270,447 1.9 786,319 3.5 Machinery and Parts of.. 1,379,956 5.3 999,365 5.0 1,427,185 6.2 Dairy Products................ 507,764 2.0 962,393 4.8 613,106 2.7 Gasoline............................. 331,621 1.3 292,924 1.5 726,350 3.2 Silk Goods........................ 868,621 3.1 725,976 3.6 721,774 3.2 Automobiles...................... 1,132,968 4.4 714,119 3.6 82,274 0.4 Vegetable Fiber Goods... 651,453 2.6 421,503 2.1 427,697 1.8 Meat Products................. 400,090 1.5 340,040 1.7 495,097 2.2 Illuminating Oil............... 473,302 1.8 367,256 1.8 324,596 1.4 Fish and Fish Products. . 523,806 2.0 328,103 1.6 409,766 1.8 Crude Oil.......................... 532,986 2.1 241,898 1.2 138,651 0.6 Coal.................................... 464,785 1.8 393,616 2.0 445,030 2.0 Chemicals, Dyes, Drugs, Etc.................................. 474,962 1.9 375,816 1 9 409,845 1.8 Fertilizers.......................... 477,162 0.9 504,152 2.5 363,344 1.6 Vegetables......................... 343,903 1.3 347,115 1.7 390,846 1.6 Paper Goods, Except Books............................. 543,790 2.1 465,203 2.3 427,710 1.8 Tobacco and Manufac tures of.......................... 899,894 3.5 726,668 3.6 543,733 2.3 Electrical Machinery.. .. 403,191 1.6 295,397 1.5 409,179 1.7 Books and Other Printed Matters.......................... 247,374 1.0 182,048 0.9 230,317 0.9 Cars and Carriages, Ex cept Autos..................... 492,089 1.9 86,584 0.4 193,635 0.8 Automobile Tires............ 126,936 0.5 210,672 1.1 302,664 1.2 Fruits and Nuts.............. 362,413 1.4 207,496 1.0 293,019 1.1 Woolen Goods.................. 171,273 0.7 112,941 0.6 113,757 0.4 Leather Goods................. 251,867 1.0 200,871 1.0 246,031 0.9 Shoes and Other Foot ware 273,768 1.0 222,246 1.1 129,916 0.5 Coffee .............. ................ 185,620 0.7 132,999 0.7 162,717 0.6 Breadstuff,Except Wheat Flour................ . 188,653 0.7 149,722 0.7 190,669 0.8 Eggs................................... 213,512 0.9 182,015 0.9 209,362 0.9 Perfumery and Other Toilet Goods................ 132,679 0.4 111,678 0.6 143,543 0.6 Lubricating Oil................ 313,968 1.1 215,833 1.1 191,539 0.8 Cacao Manufactures, Ex cept Candy................... 206,267 0.7 238,540 1.2 146,877 0.6 Glass and Glassware....... 189,243 0.6 140,363 0.7 175,769 0.7 Paints, Pigments, Var nish, Etc........................ 136,852 0.4 141,890 0.7 151,503 0.6 Oils not separately listed. 150,368 0.5 148,044 0.7 147,791 0.6 Earthern Stones and Chinaware..................... 146,007 0.5 103,473 0.5 131,377 0.5 Automobile Accessories.. 188,416 0.6 110,524 0.6 163,892 0.7 Diamond and Other Pre cious Stones Unset. . . . 183,209 0.6 102,463 0.5 123,169 0.5 Wood, Bamboo, Reed, Rattan........................... 141,205 0.5 93,671 0.5 119,452 0.5 India Rubber Goods.... 159,929 0.5 93,738 0.5 115,833 0.5 Soap................. .................. 173,306 0.6 100,771 0.5 185,678 0.8 Matches............................. 74,782 0.2 112,557 0.6 80,427 0.3 Cattle................................. 45,738 0.1 23,634 0.1 30,939 0.1 Explosives......................... 114,544 0.4 59,957 0.3 37,734 0.1 Cement............................... 33,325 0.1 57,296 0.3 91,133 0.4 Sugar and Molasses....... 77,759 0.2 76,798 0.4 27,051 0.1 Motion Picture Films.. .. 38,434 0.1 38,600 0.2 33,334 0.1 1,898,305 7.2 2,230,184 11.2 2,581,817 11.2 Total.................. P26.510.893 100.0 P19,789,865 100.0 P23.298.601 100. TRADE WITH THE UNITED STATES AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES Monthly average for Ports May, 1929 May, 1928 12 months ending May, 1929. Value % Value % Value % Manila............................... P35,357,866 67.0 P30.642.789 68.3 P34.648.892 68.0 Iloilo......................................... 9,185,814 17.6 6,612,572 14.9 6,714,297 13.2 Cebu................................... 6,168,742 11.7 4,490,799 10.2 6,401,768 12.6 Zamboanga....................... 560,130 1.0 465,-137 1.3 586,488 1.2 Julo..................................... 87,154 0.2 57,034 0.2 95,673 0.3 Davao................................. 1,057,602 2.0 1,525,877 3.5 1,392,580 2.7 Legaspi.............................. 279,659 0.5 692,340 1.6 1,050,535 2.0 Total.................. P52.694.967 100.0 P44.486.848 100.0 P51,193,065 100.0 IMPORTS Monthly average for Nationality of Vessels May, 1929 May, 1928 12 months ending May, 1929. Value % Value % Value or /O American........................... P10,880,273 42.2 P 8,910,053 44.7 P10,174,157 44.1 British................................ 9,134,281 35.4 6,335,296 31.8 7,476,062 32.4 Japanese............................. 1,334,966 5.4 1,000.054 5.2 1,015,184 4.3 Dutch................................. 541,292 2.4 746,821 3.9 666,460 2.7 German.............................. 1,891,235 7.5 1,793,894 9.1 1,644,330 7.0 Norwegian......................... 778,754 3.2 33,881 0.2 1,114,472 4.7 Philippine.......................... 75,172 0.6 104,873 0.6 124,530 0.4 Spanish............................... 165,866 0.9 324,634 1.7 179,453 0.7 Chinese............................... 234,131 1.2 11,897 0.1 69,412 0.2 Swedish.............................. 13,343 7,771 Dannish............................. 597,072 2.6 159,613 0.6 Csechoslovak.................... French ............................... 56,277 0.2 By Freight........................ P25.649.385 96.4 P19.261.383 97.3 P22.659.441 97.3 By Mail............................ 861,508 3.6 528,482 2.7 638,825 2.7 Total.................. P26,510,893 100.0 P19.789.865 100.0 P23,298,599 100.0 EXPORTS Nationality of Vessels May, 1929 J May, 1928 donthly average for 12 months ending May, 1929. Value % Value % Value % American. . /..................... P 8,441,888 30.3 P 8,986,280 36.2 P12,972,833 46.2 British................................ 9,376,817 33.9 9,453,886 38.0 7,534,292 26.7 Japanese............................. 3,695,350 12.0 3,441,063 13.9 3,173,764 11.2 German.............................. 843,120 3.0 840,483 3.5 948,112 3.2 Norwegian......................... 442,999 1.6 592,796 2.5 807,561 2.8 Spanish............................... 102,896 0.3 Dutch................................. 2,201,743 8.4 622,985 2.6 613,077 2.1 Philippine.......................... 70.324 0.2 111,017 0.6 172,476 0.5 Chinese............................... 44,720 0.1 12,184 Swedish.............................. 1,214,549 4.6 252,013 0.8 French................................ 4,880 Dannish............................. 1,292,382 4.9 667,272 2.3 By Freight........................ P25.623.992 98.0 P24.048.510 97.3 P26.777.755 96.1 By Mail............................ 560,182 2.0 648,473 2.7 1,116,624 3.9 Total.................. P26.184.074 100.0 P24.696.983 100.0 P27.894.382 100.0 TRADE WITH THE UNITED STATES AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES Countries May, 1929 Monthly average for May, 1928 12 months ending May, 1929. Value % Value % Value % United States.................. . P37.234.215 71.5 P29,493,707 65.5 P35.722.354 69.9 United Kingdom......... 2,248,184 4.2 1,757,120 3.9 2,097,541 4.0 Japan............................. 2,974,492 5.5 3,743,989 8.3 3,400,624 6.5 China............................. 2,233,064 4.2 2,003,151 4.5 1,784,329 3.5 French East Indies. . . 602,160 1.0 110,930 0.3 661,283 1.3 Germany....................... 1,488,160 2.7 1,419,127 3.2 1,296,588 2.5 Spain............................. 1,192,667 2.2 1,087,981 2.4 1,085,902 2.1 Australia........................ 332,604 0.5 479,000 1.1 471',03 7 0.9 British East Indies. . . 1,028,647 1.9 759,957 1.7 708,698 1.4 Dutch East Indies... . , 417,832 0.8 670,306 1.5 516,371 1 1 France............................ 619,988 1.2 514,400 1.2 800,283 1.5 Netherlands.................... 222,983 0.4 266,642 0.6 368,146 0.7 Italy................................. 337,532 0.6 558,782 1.3 391,811 0.7 Hongkong........................ 254,830 0.5 272,164 0.6 239,194 0.4 Belgium........................... 467,275 0.9 495,879 1.1 471,968 0.9 Switzerland..................... 163,062 0.3 203,437 0.5 296,016 0.6 Japanese-China.............. 173,464 0.3 114,099 0.3 136,992 0.2 Siam................................. 42,350 0.1 49,207 0.1 37,695 0.1 Sweden............................. 92,175 0.2 73,757 0.2 106,977 0.2 Canada............................ 105,937 0.2 91,355 0.2 108,931 0.2 Norway....... »•.................. 169,505 0.3 62,270 0.1 85,736 0.2 Austria............................. 6,362 9,529 13,741 Denmark......................... 20,479 27,678 0.1 34,837 0.1 Other Countries............. 267,000 0.5 222,381 0.5 232,301 0.4 Total..................... P52.694.967 100.0 P44.486.848 100.0 P51,193,065 100. 0 36 THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL August, 1929 BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL DIRECTORY J: Kerr Steamship Co., Inc General Agents Myers-Buck Co., Inc Surveying and Mapping “SILVER FLEET” Express Freight Services Philippines-New York via Java and Singapore Roosevelt Steamship Agency Agents Chaco Bldg. Phone 2-14-20 Manila, P. I. PRIVATE MINERAL AND PUBLIC LAND 316 Carriedo Tel. 2-16-10 PHILIPPINES COLD STORES Wholesale and Retail Dealers in American and Australian Refrigerated Produce STORES AND OFFICES Calle Echague Manila, P. I. MACLEOD & COMPANY Manila Cebu Vigan Davao Iloilo Exporters of Hemp and Maguey Agents for INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER GO. Agricultural Machinery UNIVERSAL BATTERIES i i ! P26.50 One Year Guarantee CARO ELECTRICAL SERVICE 110 P. Faura Tel. 5-69-44 I i I Í r® CHINA BANKING CORPORATION MANILA, P. I. “LA URBANA’’ (Sociedad Mútua de Construcción y Préstamos) Préstamos Hipotecarios mestic and Foreign Banking of Every Description Inversiones de Capital 111 Plaza Sta. Cruz Manila, P. I. P. O. Box 1394 Telephone 22070 J. A. STIVER Attorney-At-Law Notary Public Certified Public Accountant Investmen ts Income 121 Real, Intramuros Collections Tax Manila, P. I. ¡ ¡ HANSON & ORTH, Inc. Manila, P. I. Buyers and Exporters of Hemp and Other Fibers 612-613 Pacific Bldg. Tel. 2-24-18 BRANCHES: New York—London—Merida—Davao SALEEBY FIBER CO., INC. Fiber Merchants P. O. Box 1423 Manila, P. I Room 318, Pacific Building Cable Address: “SALEFIBER” Mr. Manuel Valentin TAILOR Formerly Chief Cutter for P. B. Florence & Co. MADRIGAL & CO 8 Muelle del Banco Nacional Manila, P. I. Derham Building Manila Phone 22516 P. O. Box 2103 Coal Contractors and Coconut Oil Manufacturers MILL LOCATED AT CEBU MORTON & ERICKSEN, INC. Surveyors AMERICAN BUREAU OF SHIPPING Marine and Cargo Surveyors Sworn Measurers 244 Plaza Sta. Cruz Phone 2-61-30 Manila, P. I. Qvr-tr A y-j TAILORING CO., Inc. 73 Escolta 73 The Earnshaws Docks and Honolulu Iron Works Sugar Machinery Slipways Machine Shops Port Area Manila, P. I. IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL i í f' L L : i 3 * i ■ J! r RIU HERMANOS—623-ESCOLTA-623 Recommended By Leading Doctors Drink It For Your Health’s Sake TEL. 5-73-06 Nature's Best Mineral Water Manila Wine Merchants Limited 174 Juan Luna Manila, P. I. P. O. Box 403 Phones 2-25-67 and 2-25-68 WEANDSCO Western Equipment and Supply Co. Distributers in the Philippines for Western Electric Co. Graybar Electric Co. Westinghouse 119 Calle T. Pinpin P. O. Box C Manila, P. I. NOW’S THE TIME! gEND in subscriptions for your friends in the United States—men who are (or ought to be!) personally concerned for the welfare of the Philippines. Make it a Christ mas gift, and Do It Now! ¡ SHALL YOUR EXECUTOR BE A BANK/ You make a Will so that the needs of your dependents may be adequately provided for. You make it now because you know the ’ uncertainties of human life. * These reasons argue forcibly for the appointment of a corporate Executor under your Will. A bank does not become ill, die, or move away. It does not go to the United States or to Europe on an extended vacation. Its facilities do not become impaired by time or accident and its decisions are the result of collective judgment. This Bank makes a business of managing estates. Its fees are the same as would be paid any other executor. INTERNATIONAL BANKING CORPORATION i • j TRUST DEPARTMENT I---------------------------------------------------- ----- ----------------- - ____________________ i IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNAL acknowledged advance in Fine-Car Style As a motor car owner you will recognize the spirited style and fine dignity of the new Dodge Senior as something you have long wanted in your car. Here you will find a rare blending of modern smart ness with large-car ease and stability—a Walter P. Chrysler achievement. Its excellence of engineering assures fine performance. Its sound construction guar antees long life. And its new, advanced style commands universal admiration. To appreciate how richly public approval is deserved you must see this car and drive it yourself. DODGE BROTHERS SENIOR 1 93 Chrysler Motors Product SOLE AGENTS ESTRELLA AUTO PALACE LEVY HERMANOS, INC. ILOILO MANILA CEBU IN RESPONDING TO ADVERTISEMENTS PLEASE MENTION THE AMERICAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE JOURNA