The City Gazette

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Part of The City Gazette

Title: The City Gazette
Description: The official journal of the City of Manila which features the situations of the city during the Japanese regime. It highlights the historical events, people and places, laws, city ordinances and other political matters.
Issue Date: Volume II (No. 4) February 16, 1943
Publisher: Published Fortnightly by the City Mayor of the City of Manila
Year: 1943
Language: English
Rights
extracted text: DB~n+-t::• +-1.1 +~a * a *.ti: 16 illi.t It msft~T ~ 11 P2 A YEAR , VoL. II-No~. 4 PUBLISHED FORTNIGHTLY BY THE OFFICE OF THE MAYOR OF THE CITY OF MANILA (BACK ISSUES 20¢ A COPY) 1. IN THE SHORTEST POSSIBLE TIME 2. NOTHING CAN STOP US 3. THE RECONSTRUCTION OF THE PHILIPPINES 4. EDUCATION AND THE NEW LIFE 5. A FILIPINO LOOKS FORWARD 6. JAPAN: AN INTERPRETATION 7. DEPARTMENTS: Urban Notations The City Offices in Action City Legislation City Neighborhood Associations Miscellanea Mani I a, P h i l i p p_i n e s .-· 10¢ THE Cf)\ FEBRUARY 16, 19 OFFICIAL ORG.AN OF THE CITY GOVERNMENT ISSUED TWICE A MONTH BY THE OFFICE OF THE CITY MAYOR To stimulate and develop a new spirit among the offl,cials and employees of the city government; to disseminate information concerning its multifarious activities; and to secure coordination, system and harmony in the administration of the public affairs of the City. P2 A YEAR (BACK ISSUES 20¢ A COPY) 10¢ THE COPY OFFICIAL DIRECTORY CENTRAL ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION I-Ion. JORGE B. VARGAS, Chairman, Executive Commission Hon. BENIGNO S. AQUINO, Director-General, KALIBAPI Hon. JOSE P. LAUREL, Comniissioner of the Interior Hon. RUFINO LUNA, Director of Local Governments THE CITY Hon. LEON G. GUINTO, Mayor-Tel. 2-31-30 Hon. C. MORI, Adviser-Tel. 2-27-22 Hon. JOSE FIGUERAS, Assistant Mayor-Tel. 2-14-78 Mr. VICTOR ALFONSO, City Treasurer-Tel. 2-25-21 Mr. JULIO FRANCIA, City Assessor-Tel. 2-42-38 Mr. ALEJO MABANAG, City Fiscal--Tel. 2-18-43 Dr. :MARIANO C. !CASIANO, City Health Officer-Tel. 2-39-88 Mr. ALEJO AQUINO, City Engineer and Architect-Tel. 2-55-07 Mr. JACINTO LORENZO, Fire Brigade Commander-Tel. 2-26-41 Mr. NuMERIANO RoJ AS, City Auditor-Tel. 2-18-24 Mr. ANTONIO C. TORRES, 111 etropolitan Constabulary Commander-Tel. 2-08-76 Dr. CECILIO PUTONG, Superintendent of City Schools-Tel. 2-25-24 Mr. FEDERICO MANGAHAS, Editor, The City Gazette-Tel. 2-24-53 Mr. C. SUZUMOTO, li1anager, City Bus ServiceTel. 2-05-64 Mr. ToJIRO HAYASAKI, 'Jl,Janager, City Cooperati've Center-Tel. 2-97-74 Mr. PACIFICO ALVANO, Secretary to the Mayor-Tel. 2-14-42 CITY BOARD Hon. LEON G. GUINTO, Chairman Hon. JOSE FIGUERAS Mr. VICTOR ALFONSO Mr. JULIO FRANCIA Mr. ALEJO MABANAG Dr. MARIANO C. lcASIANO Mr. ALEJO AQUINO Mr. JACINTO LORENZO Dean FRANCISCO BENITEZ-Tel. 6-86-42 Mr. TORIBIO TEODORO-Tel. 4-65-31 or 4-67-74 Mr. VALERIANO FuGoso-Tel. 2-76-78 Dr. VALENTIN AFABLE-Tel. 2-12-69 Mr. JosE TOPACIO NuENO-Room 202, Roces Bldg. DISTRICT CIDEFS Mr. EusTAQUIO BALAGTAS, Bagumbayan-Tel. 5-66-41 Mr. ROBERTO TEODORO, Bagungdiwa-Tel. 5-32-32 Mr. BARTOLOME GATMAITAN, Bagumbuhay-Tel. 4-94-89 Mr. RUPERTO CRISTOBAL, Bagumpanahon-Tel. 2-66-61 ' Mr. GREGORIO FELIPE, Balintawak-Tel. 2-42-94 (Local 2) Dr. FLORENCIO Z. CRUZ, Diliman-Tels. 6-89-23; 6-88-27 Mr. CORNELIO CORDERO, Caloocan-Tel. Dial 40. Ask for 255-537 Mr. REGINO EusTAQUIO, San Juan-Tel. 6-88-67 Mr. PEDRO P. CRUZ, Mandaluyong-Tel. 6-74-26 Mr. JosE D. VILLENA, Makati-Tel. 5-35-87 Mr. ENRIQUE T. MANALOTO, Pasay-Tel. 5-19-31 Dr. JuAN GABRIEL, Parafiaque-Tel. 5-10-75 City Sketch Book 5. Out of the Wilderness ----------• c '"' a Bl\TAAN, Corregidor, Capas in time will have seemed a fleeting fantastic nightmare. But it 'will remain an enduring memory of a flaming experience in shell fire,. death and resurrection; of sacrifice, disillusion and redemption. The pick of our youth went out into the wilderness, as it were, and wrestled with the problem of death and destiny. Today the surviving comrades are returned in our midst by a generous conqueror as irrefutable argument and proof of our people's right to live and move forward in accordance with the inescapable mandates of blood, geography and so~I. We needed a catharsis, a cleansing of the accumulated dross and adulterations of generations of exploitative and false patronage. Bataan gave us that purgative opportunity. To those who have never been active participants in the painful process of this purging, let it be a lasting reminder of their shame in their failure to understand and take its message of sacrifice and rebirth. 1628 City Sketch Book 6. Home Is the Soldier --------CERTAINLY there is no place like home. Home is the soldier, home from the field, and unhappy are we if we do not do our share to make flesh the word that carried him across barbed wire and shell hole, ·and through the stern period of re-education back to the fundamentals of his people's genius and heritage. Th~ soldier can never be truly home unless we who have remained home have known and know how to keep the fires burning in keeping with the burden of his sacrifice in the battlefield. Some people thil'.lk that they are doing it by idling on the fence and assuming the double expression of Janus, their primary concern for the security of their skins degenerating into the tragic pathology of a complex. We leave· them to their unhappy position and take up with our tomorrow that burns before us like a flame. Urban Notations Mga Pansing Panlunsod T HE public service is no place for people who think the Government owes them a living. * * * The greatest tragedy today is not the fall of an empire but your failure to learn something from it. * * * How true it is as ever what the Scriptures sayThat he who is afraid for his life shall lose it, including his patrimony. * * Yesterday our concern in our public and private relations is "What could I get" or "Where do I come in?" Today it is "What can I do?" or "What can I give?" Let us admit that we are far happier and feel greater self-respect as a consequence. * * * Yesterday the personality came first and only inddentally and secondarily the enterp~ise and the accomplishment. Today it is sufficient to display this enterprise in terms of concrete achievement and the person is taken care of. * * Good Manners Mayor Guinto made a notable observation in his New Year review, in the City Gazette, of the year past and what may be expected in the new one, with respect to the conduct of the city government. He said: "We are out to weed out inefficiency, bad manners and dishonesty in the city government in order to prove our capacity to be happy and prosperous and still remain decent." Let us consider the point of good manp.ers. It is regrettable that despite everything that· has been urged on the subject, it is still not uncommon to meet with bad manners in public relations. A NG paglilingkod sa bayan ay hindi laan sa mga taong nagaakala na tungkulin ng Pamahalaang dulutan silang lagi ng ikabububay. * * * - Ang kapanganyayaang lalong kahiya-hiya sa ngayon ay hindi ang pagbagsak ng isang imperyo, kundi ang inyong pagkabigo kung wala kayong matutuhang anuman sa mga nangyayaring ito. * * * Isang katotohanan s;i lahat ng panahon ang sinasabi ng Banal na Kasulatan-Na, kung sino ang natatakot mawalan ng buhay ay siyang mawawalan di Iamang ng buhay kundi pati ng kanyang mga ariarian. * * * Kahapon ang ikinababahaia natin sa hayagan at sarilina~g pakikisama ay: "Ano ang sukat kong matamo?" o "Ano ang aking pakikinabangin?" Ngayon ay: "Ano ang maaari kong gawin?" o "Ano ang maibibigay ko?" Hindi natin maitatangging lalo tayong maligaya ngayon, at sanhi riya'y nakararam. dam ng mahigit na pagpipitagan sa sarili .. * * * Kahapon ang halaga ng pagkatao ay siyang nangunguna at hawa na lamang o pangalawa ang halaga ng gawaing gagampanan. Ngayon ay sukat na lamang ihayag ang bagay na gagawin, at ang pagkatao ng gagawa ay di na kailangang ibansag pa. * * Kagandahang-Asal Gumawa ang Alkalde Guinto sa kanyang kurukurong pam-Bagong Taon, na lumabas sa Lathalaan ng Siyudad (City Gazette), ng isang tumpak na pagpapagunita ukol sa katatapos pang taon at sa kung ano ang sukat mahintay sa bagong pasok na taon, hinggil sa pagtataguyod ng pamahalaan ng Siyudad. Ang sabi niya: "N aririto tayo upang linisin ang pamahalaan ng Siyudad sa kawalaang-kaya, sa kasamaang-ugali at sa kawalaang-dangal, upanding mapatunayan ang ating pagka-maykayang magsikap ng ating Iigaya at kaunlaran, at ang pagka di pa nagmamaliw sa atin ang katutubong kalinisangasal. Masabi natin ang ukol sa mabuting kaasalan. Tunay na kalungkut-Iungkot gunitain na sa dinamidami na ng naihatol na panlunas sa sakit na ito, ay pangkaraniwan pa 1·ing makita natin ang mga kagaspangang-asal. [ 97] It is possible than an impatient private citizen may be peremptory in his demands at a teller's window or before an inft>rmation clerk. This is no excuse for the public servant to exceed the private citizen in discourtesy. It is presumed that the public servant is pledged and paid to know and to do better. * * * Basis What is really the basis of good manners, outside of a formal education and a good home environment? Is it assumed that a peasant is incapable of good manners because he has never had any formal schooling? We do not think so. The facts prove otherwise. Our leaders of thought tell us that our traditional virtues of good breeding are more to be found in remote communities unsullied by the vices of civilization. * * * In the Heart The real basis of good manners, irrespective of a formal education or lack of it, is not in the established conventional forms of social behaviour. We believe ·it lies in the heart. It has to do directly with unselfishness, with thoughtfulness of others' comfort, with consideration for others' convenience ahead of one's own. A selfish, individualistic, self-important person, in this sense, can never be truly courteous despite all his strict adherence to precious forms of polite behaviour. U this idea is well ingrained in a public servant, no private citizen will have occasion to complain of bad manners in our government offices and in all other institutions designed to respond to the needs of the people. Maaaring ang isang inip nang mamamayan ay magpakalabis at maging kabagut-bagot sa mga paghingi sa bentanilya ng isang tagasingil o sa harap ng isang· kawaning tanungan. lto'y di-sapat na dahilan upang higtan pa ng isang lingkod ng bayan ang isang mamamayan sa pagka-walang.pitagan. lpinalalagay na ang lingkod ng bayan ay may pangako at inuupahan upang makabatid at gumawa ng lalong mabuti. * * * Saligan Alin ang tunay na saligan ng kagandahan-asal, bukod sa mabuting pinag-aralan at mabuting napagkaugalian sa tahanan? lpinalalagay na bang ang isang taong-bukid, mayapa't hindi nakapasok sa paaralan, ay alangan nang magkaroon ng magandang kaasalan? Hindi gan)ran ang palagay namin. Saliwa riyan ang pinatutunayan ng mga pangyayari. Ang mga patnugot na nag-aakay sa ating pag-iisip ay nagsasabi sa ating "ang binhian ng matatanda nating kagandahang-asal ay lalong natatagpuan sa mga liblib na nayong hindi nahahawahan ng mga sakit ng kabihasnan". * * * Nasa-Puso Ang tunay na saligan ng magandang asal, maging ano man ang napag-aralan, 0 salat kaya sa pinag. aralan, ay wala sa mga pinaiiral na kaugalian sa pakikisalamuha sa loob ng lipunan. N aniniwala kaming iya'y sa puso nag-uugat. Kinakailangang taglayin iyan nang malinis at walang dungis ng pag-iimbot, bagkus lipos ng pagtingin sa kaginhawahan ng iba at ng pagpapaibabaw ng kapakanan ng iba sa kabutihan ng sarili. Sa bagay na it6, ang labis na pag-iimbot, ang pagtinging una sa sarili, ang pagmamataas na uri ng sariling pagkatao, ay hindi kailanman ikinapagiging tunay na mapitagan at marangal ·· sa pakikipagkapwa, kahit na nga gaano ang higpit ng pagkakasapi sa kanya ng mga marangyang ugali sa mga lipunan. Kapag ang paniwalang ito ay natanim na mabuti sa isip ng isang lingkod ng bayan, ay wala sino mang mamamayang magkakadahilang magdaing ng magaspang na kaasalan sa mga kawanihan ng parµahalaan natin at sa mga tanggapang iba pa na inilalaang sadya upang matugunan ang mga pangangailangan ng bayan. [ 98] T H E c I T y G A z E T T E In The Shortest Possible Time CHRONOLOGY January 21, 1942-Premier Tozyo told the Diet regarding the Filipino people: "Japan will gladly enable them to enjoy the honor of independence." January 28, 1943-Premier Tozyo pledged "Philippine independence in the shortest possible time" with "further tangible evidence of cooperation." The Director General of the Japanese Military Administration in the Philippines issued a communique on Premier Tozyo's statement, stating the 3-point cardinal program for the achievement of independence. January 29, 1943-The Commander-in-Chief of the Imperial Japanese Forces in the Philippines charged the Filipino leaders with the specific responsibility of closer and more intensified cooperation. January 30, 1943-Chairman Vargas, KALIBAPI Director General Aquino and Commissioner PREMIER TOZYO REITERATES PLEDGE PREMIER General Hideki Tozyo, addressing the House of Peers on the Slst session of the Imperial Diet which reconvened on January 28, after the New Year's recess, declared that through the brilliant victories achieved by the Imperial Forces which secured strategic areas and ample resources in East Asia, Japan has already, in the first year of the war of Greater East Asia, completed the basis for certain victory. Two points featured the Premier's speech. They included a promise of independence to Burma within this year and a reiteration of the pledge made last year to grant independence to the Philippines if the Filipinos cooperate with Japan in the establishment of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. Indicating that Burma and the Philippines are rapidly attaining their place as full-pledged members of the great family of Oriental nations joined in the common 1628--2 Laurel responded in a nation-wide radio hookup. Col. A. N agahama, chief of the Japanese Military Police in the Philippines counseled misguided elements obstructing "independence in the shortest possible time." February 1, 1943-Chairman Vargas cabled Fili- ~ pino gratitude to Premier Tozyo and wired congratulatons to U Ba Maung of Burma for the independence of Burma at the end of this year. The Philippine Executive Commission, the Council of State and the Manila city officials passed gratitude resolutions. February 8, 1943-300,000 people in Manila paraded at the New Luneta to thank Nippon for the pledge of independence in the shortest possible time. Similar demostrations were simulta. neously held in different parts of the Philippines. bonds of friendship and good-will, Premier Tozyo took time out to express his satisfaction for the rapid strides being made in both countries under the able leaderE? .a..c... ship of Premier U Ba Maung of Burma and Chairman Jorge B. Vargas of the Philippines. Honors War Dead Tendering profound respects to the spirits of the brave and loyal men who died in the field of battle and syrripathy to the wounded and sick, the Premier said: "The Empire of Japan is now in the midst of a war unprecedented in scale against both the United States and Britain, which vaunt wealth and strength to the world, in order to .destroy their sinister ambitions to dominate the world. Needless to say, it has been the great ideal of our Empire since its founding to enable all countries each to find her proper place and all tlie peoples to enj6y their lives in peace and security. [ 99] "The object of the War of Greater East Asia lies indeed in speedily stabilizing Greater East Asia and constructing a new order on the basis of ethical principles and thus in bringing about real world peace, in cooperation with our allies who share the same purpose with us." Premier Tozyo was gratified that the southern areas are already whole-heartedly cooperating in the new construction. Their inhabitants are entering a happy reassuring life hitherto unknown to them, and Japan is"-steadily producing concrete results in making their _ lands and life peaceful. THREE-POINT CARDINAL PROGRAM FOR EARLY INDEPENDENCE T HE Director General of the Japanese Military Administration, reaffirmed Japan's basic policy of granting independence to the Philippines, in a communique read before a group of Filipino leaders at the Manila Hotel on January 28, and presented a three-point cardinal program for the attainment of Philippine fredom at the earliest possible time. The Director General emphasized that in order that independence can be granted, Filipinos should strive, firstly, to eradicate all entanglements and connections with the past regime; secondly, to initiate ways and means of bringing about economic self-sufficiency; and thirdly, to work for the speedy reorientation of the people both spiritually and materially. He affirmed that the question of when independence is to be granted is now up to the Filipino themselves, and that if they "desire complete independence in the shortest possible time, it behooves them to demonstrate by tangible evidences a more intensified degree of cooperative attitude." Filipino leaders at the gathering received the pro'nouncement with great joy. They marched out of the hall de~rmined to bear the heavy responsibility placed COMMUNIQUE OF THE JAPANESE MILITARY .ADMINISTRATION PREMIER General Hideki Tozyo, in his address before lhe Slst session of the Imperial Diet, now convened, made the following solemn and irrevocable statement concerning the future political status of Burma, the Philippines and India. On Burma1. In view of the magnificient and tangible evidence of sincere and whole-hearted cooperation rendered by the entire population of Burma acting in complete unison under the inspiring leadership of Dr. U Ba Maung, Burma will be granted independence not later than the end of this year. On the Philippines1. Substantial progress is being made in the degree of cooperation rendered to the Japanese Empire by the He paid tribute to the development of peace and order in Burma under the leadership of U Ba Maung, and promised: "Our Empire not later than :fue end of this year intends to recognize the creation of Burma State from the areas now under the jurisdiction of the present administrative organ." Repeats P. I. Stand Premier Tozyo reiterated last year's declaration that Japan is willing to accord the Philippine independence "in the shortest possible time" if the Filipinos cooperate with Japan in the establishment of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. on their shoulders by the Director General when he said: "It is my fervent wish that through your concerted efforts the cherished ambitions of the Filipino people for centuries will materialize i:n your own generation through your own efforts, and that the history of Philippine independence will be written down for posterity by you gentlemen present here." About 30 ranking Filipino officials and leaders, headed by Chairman Jorge B. Vargas of ~e Executive Commission, were invited to the Manila Hotel to hear the Director General's communique. Among them were members of the Executive Commission and of the Council of State, and directors of the KALIBAPI. All the ranking officials of the Military Administration also attended. The ceremony opened at 6: 34 p. m. with the reading of the communique by the Director General, followed by it~ translation into English. Chairman Jorge B. Vargas responded, urging all Filipinos present to drink a toast in appreciation of the assurances made by the Director General. people of the Philippines as well as in the r~storation of internal peace and security. Under these circumstances and on condition that further tangible evidence of cooperation is actively demonstrated it is contemplated to put into effect the statement made previously on the question of Philippine Independence in the shortest possible time. On India1. Positive and wholehearted support will be granted to the Indian Independence Movem:ent regardless of whether such movement is carried on inside or outside; of India pr9per. Years of Oppression Thus,,, in accordance with the -present official .pro .. nouncement of the lm,perial Japanese Government, the [-100] independence of Burma is to be uncontestably an accomplished fact by the end of the present year. With this formal recognition of her independence; Burma will be freed, from her long years of oppression and enslavement under the British and, with the powerful support of the Japanese Empire, she will proudly assume her rightful role as an independent and worthy member of the Co-Prosperity Sphere of Oriental peoples. This glorious fulfillment of Burma's national ambition is indeed a matter of rejoicing for all the peoples of Asia. That the independence of Burma has become a realized fact at such an early date is attributable to the following reasons. In the first place, it is none other than the practical manifestation of the sincerity and good faith of the Japanese Empire in its avowed objective of I?rosecuting the War of Greater East Asia for the purpose of liberating all oppressed Oriental peoples and enabling them to assume their proper role and place under the sun and establish among themselves a sphere of permanent peace and lasting prosperity. The second fundamental reason for the rapid attaintment by Burma of a status of independence is the intensity and sincerity of the cooperation rendered by the entire population of Burma, which, without one single exception, has consistently shown unqualified and unconditional cooperation to the Japanese Empire ever since the very first days of hostilities in that region. The people of Burma, from the very beginning, rendered superlative and ardent cooperation with the Imperial Japanes~ Forces in effectively eliminating all vestiges · of ·British and Chunking forces from that section of the battle front and subsequently, when the Military Administration was set up in that country,. every individual, without a single exceptfon took an active and progressive part in the task of rehabilitating Burma for the Burmese. There was not a single recalcitrant element opposing this work of reconstruction and there has never existed in Burma any lukewarm or half-hearted supporter of the New Regime and there was obtained as a result, complete unity and concerted effort among all elements of society. P. I. Stand Clarified As to the important question of Philippine independence, the policy of the Imperial Japanese Government as formally announced on the present occasion, further clarifies and emphatically reaffirms the original statement made by the Imperial Japanese Government at the outbreak of the present war. Deep significance must be properly placed on the fact that this statement concerning the Independence of the Philippines is being issued simultaneously with the declaration of the independence of Burma. Concerning the good faith and integrity of Japan, it must be borne in mind that the Japanese Empire is ruled and governed by the August Virtues of His Majesty, the Emperor of Japan. Japan is a country of faith and honor; it is the land of Bushido; and her proud history conclusively proves that she has fulfilled with sincerity and good faith ~ery obligation and pledge she has entered into or made. This is in distinct contrast to the action of the Americans with respect to their promise to the Filipinos during the early days of the Malolos Republic or the similar action of the British with respect to their promises made to India during the first World War. It is contrary to \the Japanese code of honor to break pledges once made or to treat international commitments as scraps of paper and a fundamental and sharp distinction should be made between the hypocritical action of the Anglo-American powers on the one hand and the sincerity and good faith of Japan on the other. The people of the Philippines will do well to reflect seriously on their experience over the past one year of the Japane.:;e Military Administration. We are confident that they will come to a true understanding and evaluation of the integrity and honor of the Japanese nation and the sincerity of our intentions toward the Philippines. It is an established and immutable fact that the Philippines is to be granted independence on the condition that all the people of these Islands manifest further tangible proof of closer cooperation and sincere collabor(iltion with the Japanese Empire. Up to Filipinos The only question that remains is that of the exact time of recognition of that independence. This in turn is most definitely: a problem which is placed squarely with the Filipinos themselves and one which must be solved thru their own efforts. Categorically speaking, if the Filipinos desire complete independence in the shortest possible time, it behooves them to demonstrate by tangible evidence a more intensified degree of cooperative attitude. It is a fact that outside of the few bands of recalcitrant elements which continue to exist in outlying provinces, most of the Filipinos are happily collaborating with the Japanese Military Administration in building up the New Philippines for the Filipinos. Henceforth it must ind~ed be a matter of deep chagrin to all loyal Filipinos. that the independence of the Philippines is being realized at a later date than the independence of Burma whose civil administration was inaugurated almost four months after that of the J>hilippines. To us of the Imperial Japanese Forces stationed here in the Philippines, it is also a matter of. regret and disappointment. It is therefore my keen desire and sincere entreaty to every Filipino who wants to see his country win independence in the shortest possible time, that he pay particular attention to carrying out th~ following cardinal program. [ 101] Firstly. Eradicate from among your midst of 18 million Filipinos all entanglements and connections with the past regime. Unify and harmonize your efforst into one compact body and demonstrate to the best of your ability to cooperate sincerely and actively with the Japanese Military Administration. Above all else, take vigorous and forceful measures on your own initiative to eradicate the remnants of Americans and bandits from this country thereby bringing about complete peace and security throughout the length and breadth of the land. Economic Rehab~litation Secondly. NQt only work for the economic rehabilitation of the 'country in close cooperation with the Japanese Military Administration but initiate, thru your own will and efforts, effective ways and means of bringing about the much needed economic self-sufficiency of the Philippines through the rapid reconstruction and renovation of the economic structure of this land. A WAR FOR LIBERATION T OMOKAZU Hori, spokesman of the Cabinet Board of Information, commenting on Premier General Hideki Tozyo's Diet spee~h in which he promised Burma and the Philippines their independence in return for their wholehearted cooperation with Japan, on January 29, emphasized that Japan is demonstrating with actual deeds the fact that the War of Greater East Asia is a war for the liberation of the East Asiatic peoples from Anglo-American imperialistic domination. Contrasted to Japan's actions are the empty AngloAmerican promises "which at best are only sugarcoated to attract and deceive other peoples." The spokesman said in part: "To enable all the nations, each to have its own place and all the people to enjoy a life of peace and prosperity has been the fundamental principle guiding the Empire since its foundation and it is in pursl,Jance of this principle that we are now fighting to sweep clean from Greater East Asia the evil and predatory forces of the United States and Britain. "It is indeed encouraging to note that in the Philippines there is being shown a great deal of sincere cooperation under its new leader, Chief Civil Administrator Jorge B. Vargas, and that pea<:e and order are steadily being improved. I sincerely expect that the people of the Philippines will further strengthen their cooperation with our country and thus consummate at the earliest possible opportunity the independence of their land. Thirdly. Work for the speedy reorientation of your people both spiritually and intellectually, thereby regaining your original oriental souls and with this as the foundation, drastically reorganize the social structure of the Philippines in strict accordance with the ideals and standards of Oriental peoples. The above mentioned three-point program is clearly set before you for active fulfillment. The basic policy of the Japanese nation with regard to your independence is now unmistakable and unequivocal. The problem is now definitely up to the people of the Philippines. Every single individual in the Philippines is called upon today to come to a stronger and clearer conception of the real aims and objectives of Japan in prosecuting the War of Greater East Asia and with renewed vigor and enthusiasm demonstrate tangibly his whole-hearted cooperation with Japan in establishing the Co-Prosperity Sphere of Oriental peoples. It is fervently hoped that you will, by so doing, win for yourselves the honor of independence in the shortest possible time. January 28, 18th year of Sowa. "Our reason for calling this war 'a war of construction' springs from the fact that wherever this principle prevails, conditions of peace, progress and coprosperity are established. "On January 21, last year, Prime Minister Tozyo declared before the Diet: 'As regards the Philippines, if the people of those islands hereafter understand the real intentions of Japan and offer to cooperate with us as one of the partners for the establishment of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, Japan will gladly enable them to enjoy the honor of independence. As for Burma what Japan contemplates is not different from that relating to the Philippines.' "At that very moment Japan's military operations·-in the Philippines and in Burma were at the height of their intensity and the Prime Minister's declaration, therefore, was especially significant. "When the enemy forces were wiped out from Burma and the Burmese people had fully grasped the real intentions of Japan toward them our Prime Minister declared once more before the Diet on May 25, last: 'It is extremely encouraging that in Burma, which has been cleansed by the valiant advance of the Imperial forces, the Burmese people throughout the land have arisen in unison under the peaceful guidance, based on justice, of the Imperial forces, accelerating the trend toward their glorious independence. The advance bases of the British forces for the defence of India have all been occupied by the Imperial forces, presentnig a golden opportunity for the Indian people to rise and realize their age-long aspiration for independence.'" THE COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF TO TllE EXECUTIVE COMMISSION L IEUT.-GEN. Sizuiti Tanaka, Commander-in-Chief of the Imperial Japanese Forces in the Philippines, on January 29, charged the people of the Philippines, with the specific responsibility of rendering closer and more intensified cooperation with the Imperial Japanese Forces and of exerting redoubled efforts for the rapid rehabilitation of the country in order that the national ambition of independence may become a reality in the shortest possible time. Addressing members of the Executive Commission, headed by Chairman Jorge B. Vargas, and other ranking officials of the Central Administrative Organization, the Commander-in-Chief congratulated the Filipino leader~ for their superhuman efforts and hard work since the establishment of the military administration. He also took the occasion to attest to the fact "that as the result of the sincere and whole-hearted cooperation rendered us by all the people of the Philippines under the able leadership of Chairman Vargas, from the first days of the institution of military administration, substantial improvements have been achieved in the dual fields of Military Administration and maintenance of peace and order." Oflicial Call General Tanaka spoke to the Filipino officials during an official call made by the latter at the Commanderin-Chief's official residence at 4 o'clock in the afternoon to express the appreciation of the Filipino peole for the solemn declaration on Philippine independence made by Premier Tozyo. Speaking on behalf of the visiting group, Chairman Vargas assured the Commander-in-Chief that the "Filipino people and the Philippine Executive Commission in particular will forever remember this solemn announcement and your efforts in our behalf with the deepest sense of gratitude." The brief speech of Chairman Vargas was translated into Japanese by Consul Zitaro Kihara. General Tanaka immediately responded. After his speech, General Tanaka expressed his personal felicitations to· all the Filipino officials with a handshake for each. He later offered a toast for their success. The ceremony started promptly at 4 o'clock and was over in ten minutes. Present were the members of the staff of the Commander-in-Chief, the Director General of Military Administration and his staff, Chairman Jorge B. Vargas and members of the Commission, Chief Justice Jose Yulo, KALIBAPI Director General Benigno S. Aquino, Auditor General Serafin Marabut and Execuive Secretary Francisco Lavides. Gen. Tanaka's Speech The speech of the Commander-in-Chief: PREMIER Tozyo in addressing the 8lst session of the Imperial Diet has clearly reiterated the basic policy of th~ Imperial Japanese Goverment with regard to the independence of the Philippines, to wit, that should the people of the Philippines continue their active cooperation with the Japanese Empire, the consummation of their independence can be expected to take effect at the earliest possible opportunty. This unequivocal reiteration of the national policy concerning the Philippines is most gratifying and I wish to offer to you representativ~s of the Philippines, my sincere and heartfelt congratulations. "It is also my wish to take this occasion to attest to the fact that as the result of the sincere and wholehearted cooperation rendered us by all the people of ~he Philippines under the able leadership of Chairman Vargas, from the first days of the institution of military administration, substantial improvements have been achieved in the dual fields of Military Administration and maintenance of peace and order. In return for your superhuman efforts and hard work, I hereby offer my expression of sincere appreciation and respect, both individually and collectively. l nst-ructions "Your specific resppnsibility henceforth will be to render, under my direction, closer and more intensified cooperation with the Imperial Japanese Forces and with redoubled efforts work for the complete restoration Qf domestic peace and order, the rapid reh~bilitation of the economic life and structure of the country and, finally, the permanence and security of the life of the mass, so that ~he attainment of your national ambition of independence will ~become an actuality in the shortest possible time. "I, for my part, solemnly pledge to dedicate my utmost efforts for the rehabilitation of the Philippines and wish to share with you the honor and glory of that historic event, the realization of which is now only a question of time." The speech of Chairman Vargas: YOUR EXCELLENCY: W E have come to express our deep appreciation for the solemn declaration on independence for the Philippines in the shortest possible time as reiterated by Premier General Hideki Tozyo in his address before the Imperial Diet yesterday. The Filipino people are deeply grateful for this magnanimity of the Great Japanese Empire. Future generations will remember it as an unprecedented example of [ 103'] generosity on the part of a great and powerful nation towards a weak Oriental people who for centuries have been under occidental domination. "The Philippine Executive Commission and the entire Filipino participation in the present administration will carry out, with all the energy at their command, the three-point program outlined by the Director General of the Japanese Military Administration intended as a means for the early attainment of our aspiration. "We want to assure Your Excellency that the Filipino people and the Philippine Executive Commission in particular . will forever remember this solemn announcement and your efforts in our behalf with the deepest sense of gratitude." Response of Three Leaders JAPAN'S renewed pledge of independence to the Philippines within the shortest · possible time on condition that the people show more tangible proofs of cooperation elicited favorable response from all elements of the community. Chairman Jorge B. .Vargas, of the Executive Commission, speaking on a nation-wide radio hook-up from the Council of State room at Malacafi.an on January 29, hailed Premier Tozyo's declaration as another concrete proof of the noble and sincere intentions of the Japanese Empire towards the Philippines. He emphasized that the early attainment of independence now depends on the full understanding by the Filipino people of the three-point program presented by the Director General of the Japanese Military Administration. He closed his brief talk with an appeal to the Filipino people for united effort in the great task ahead in order that the cherished ambitions of the Philippines may be . attained within the shortest possible time. Chairman Vargas :r·ead his speech in the presence of members 'of the Executive Commission and representatives of the Japanese and Filipino press. His speech was translated into Japanese by Consul Zitaro Kihara. At 3: 15 p. m., Commissioner of the Interior Jose P. Laurel and Benigno S. Aquino, Director General of the KALIBAPI, also spoke over the radio to give their impressions on the significant pronouncement. The two spoke in the same room where Chairman Vargas broadcast earlier in the day. · Vargas Statement The statement of Chairman Vargas: W E are deeply moved and inspired by the solemn declaration on independence for the Philippines in the shortest possible time, reiterated as the irrevocable policy of the Japanese Empire by Premier General Hideki Tozyo in his address to the Imperial Diet on the 28th of the present month, and for which the FUipino people are eternally grateful. This is ano'ther concrete proof of Japan's nobility and sincerity of purpose with respect to the Philippines, and should convince every :filipino that Japan is determined to ~ulfill her promise of independence on condition that the Filipinos actively and unreservedly cooperate in the establishment of a New Philippines as a worthy member of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. "I am awed by the magnitude of the task but I am sure that the Filipinos will not fail in their sincere and intensified efforts to achieve through unconditional cooperation with Japan the final fulfillment of our national aspiration. To this end each and every Filipino should render full and unstinted loyalty to the Japanese Military Administration in the Philippines. "I am grateful to the Director General of the Japanese Military Administration for his continued interest in the granting of Philippine independence and for outlining for us a concrete program of action to follow in vivid contrast to the ambiguous policies pursued in the Philippines by the American Government. The early attainment of our independence therefore depends on the prompt realization by the Filipinos themselves of the Administration's three-point program. I am cer-1 tain that the Filipinos are conscious of this heavy responsibility and that they are determined to direct and concentrate all their thoughts and energies toward the achievement of their cherished ideal of freedom. I appeal to the patriotism of the sixteen million Filipinos to do all that is in their power to win and deserve the honor of independence that we have des• ired so long and so ardently, and which, through the unprecedented magnanimity of the Great Japanese Empire, is being placed within our grasp." Laurel Statement The statement of Commissioner Laurel: THE freedom and independence of the Philippines have always been the supreme aspiration of the Filipino people. The aim of the Great Japanese Empire, according to repeated pronouncements of her great leaders and authorized representatives in waging the Greater East Asia War, is not to enslave the peoples of Oriental Asia but to liberate them from political domination and economic exploitation of Occidental peoples. The recent declaration of the Illustrious Premier General Hideki Tozyo to the Imperial Diet of Japan that 'it is contemplated to put into effect the statements made previously on the question of Philippine independence in the shortest possible time on condition that further tangible evidence of cooperation is actively demonstrated' is a clear and unequivocal expression of the benevolent intention of Japan with respect to the Philippines. For this, the Filipino people are happy and grateful. This magnanimity of the Great Japanese Empire has ~o parallel in the history of mankind. It is more than a paradox that the. Philippines, after opposing Japan, should soon be the recipient and beneficiary [104] of the priceless boon of independence. With undying gratitude and determination, we shall devote our energies to the task of reconstruction of our country, material and spiritual, to merit the honor of independence and worthily occupy a place in the Co-Prosperity Sphere." Aquino Statement The statement of Director General Aquino: T HE solemn declaration of Premier Hldeki Tozyo made on January 28, in the Imperial Diet of Japan, which is a ratification of the promise of the Government of His Majesty the Emperor of granting the Philippines the honor of independence, deserves the most sincere gratitude of every Filipino. This promise, in the light of accomplished facts as we know them, cannot be regarded suspiciously as empty and meaningless, because it is supported by the example of Burma. According to the very words of the Illustrious Premier which are as follows: 'Under these circumstances and on condition that further tangible evidences of cooperation are actively demonstrated, it is contemplated to put into effect the.: statement made previously on the question of Philippine Independence in the shortest possible time ... ' the early and definitive realization of our ancestral aspirations now depends totally upon us, ourselves, the Filipinos; that is to say, the fundamental questions of the granting of independence to the Philippines on the part of the Great Japanese Empire is already a consummated and irrevocable act. Its attainment and realization depend exclusively upon the degree of effort and decision of every Filipino for he fulfillment of the required condition: that is, to demonstrate the most active and tangible cooperation and loyalty which is expected of the people, not only for the success of the Japanese Military Administration here, but also for the solutjon of the problem which is most vital to the whole Orierit: the establishment of the CoProsperity Sphere. "This magnanimous attitude of the Japanese Empire towards the Filipino people should be pondered upon conscientiously and fervently by each and every one of us. In the past, the liberty of all subjugated peoples was attained only through bloodshed. With the liberation of Burma and the Philippines, Japan, in an eloquent manner demonstrates to the whole world, a new procedure in the granting of independence to subjugated peoples, inspired exclusively by the magnanimity of the ruling nation and by the cooperation, sincerity and gratitude of the dominated peoples. "As Director General of the KALIBAPI, I feel, now more than ever, highly resolved and de~ermined to commune with the masses and to reach/,if possible, even the .remotest regions of the country, in order that I might carry out the mission entrusted to the KALIBAPI of informing and convincing the people of the real purposes of the government of His Imperial Majesty, and of the great responsibility which falls upon every Filipino in these decisive moments for the realization of the National Ideal." COLONEL A. Nagahama, chief of the Japanese Military Police in the Islands, in a press statement on January 30, rejoiced over Premier Tozyo's speech reiterating the pledge to grant independence to the Philippines, and found the occasion auspicious for a timely warning to the scattered groups of bandits and outlaws. · Col. Nagahallla cited the subsequent declaration of Lieutenant-General Sizuiti Tanaka, Commander-inChief of the Imperial Japanese Forces, and the communique issued by the Director General of the Japanese Military Administration on the same subject. Sharing the same point of view as these three distinguished spokesman of Nippon, Col. N agahama observed that "the bandits and outlaws, commonly called guerillas, are the greatest hindrance to the attainment by the Filipinos of their ideal of independen~e." Warning If these elements continue menacing innocent citizens, he warned, "the Japanese Forces may b.e compelled to send punitive expeditions to mop them up." The statement of Col. Nagahama: A DDRESSING the 81st session of the Imperial Diet las January 28th, Premier Tozyo reiterated the promise of independence for the Philippines, after expressing satisfaction over the steadily improving conditions in the Islands, and urging the Filipinos to further strengthen their cooperation with Japan. "Referring to Premier Tozyo's speech, Lieut.-Gen. Sizuiti Tanaka, Commander-in-Chief of the Imperial Japanese Forces, reaffirmed the Japanese national policy concerning the Philippines. 'Should the people of the Philippines continue their active cooperation with the Japanese Empire,' he told the members of the Executive Commission, 'the consummation of their independence can be expected to take effect in the shortest possible time.' "On his own part, the Director General of the J apanese Military Administration, in a communique he read before a group of Filipino leaders, proposed three cardinal principles for the attainment by the Filipinos of that promised freedom. These are: . 1. To eradicate all entanglements and connections with the past regime; 2. To initiate ways and means of bringing about economic self-sufficiency; and 3. To work for the speedy reorientation of the people both spiritually and materially. Only One Obstacle "In my capacity as chief of the Japanese Military Police, I have been exceedingly happy to note that in the task of national reconstruction, Chairman Vargas [ 105] and a big majority of Filipinos have been guided by the Director General's three principles. Only one obstacle faced them; :cattered bands of bandits and outlaws-as Chairman Vargas terms the so-called guerrillas, have slowed down an otherwise speedy restoration of complete peace and order throughout the country. "These so-called guerrillas are the greatest hindrance to the attainment by the Filipinos of their ideal of independence. While other sections of the Filipino community are cooperating with Japan in building a New Philippines, and day by day endeavor to strengthen their cooperation, the so-called gtErrilas continue their depredations on their fellow countrymen, plundering unprotected villages, disturbing the tranquillity of peaceful homes and jeopardizing the lives of innocent folk. I believe I know two reasons why these so-called guerrillas persist in their futile activities. First, they blindly believe in the return of the Americans: second, they are afraid that if they surrender, they would be executed anyway. '.'It is a pity that these groups remain misguided and misinformed of present facts. Last year, the Imperial Japanese Forces, fighting alone, blockaded the Pacific, making it impossible for America to send reinforcements to the beleaguered USAFFE soldiers in Bataan and Corregidor-a failure that ended in the unconditional surrender of the USAFFE. Today, when Japan has secured the ,unassailable position as guardian of the whole of Easti Asia, with her supply of war materials assured, and with every strategic outpost surrounding the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere safe in the hands of Imperial Japanese Forces, it becomes an indisputable fact that America cannot return. Policy Reite'rated "Relative to the second point, I wish to reaffirm the policy of the Japanese Military Police which I had occasion to present last January 24, that in the treatment of offenders, enlightenment, not punishment, should be the guiding factor. "This policy is in conformity with the will of His Majesty the Emperor, with the principles laid down TWO CABLEGRAMS EXPRESSING profound gratitude for the significant statement of Japan's policy regarding Philippine independence, Chairman Jorge B. Vargas of the Executive Commission, in a radiogram on February 1, sent to Premier General Hideki Tozyo, pledged the sincere and loyal cooperation of the Filipinos in the establishment of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. In a cablegram sent to Dr. U Ba Maung, head of the Burmese administration, Chairman Vargas congratuby the Commander-in.;.Chief of the Imperial Japanese Forces, and with the ideas conceived by the Director General of the Japanese Military Administration. "Upqn surrender, members of so-called guerrillas will be forgiven of their misdeeds and will be set free after they express willingness to cooperate with the Japanese Military authorities. About five thousand men belonging to these elements have already been placed under the custody of the Imperial Japanese Forces, and have finally seen the futility of their past acts. A good number of them are now enjoying their freedom, while the rest are now being' enlightened on the true aims of Japan, and given a fresh start in the new life they are facing. "Two guerrilla leaders may be mentioned: Lt. Col. Thorp, commander of the former 26th cavalry regiment, and Capt. Baker, attached to the same branch of service. Realizing their mistakes, and convinced of the power of Japan, these two American ex-soldiers urge Filipino groups still in hiding to give themselves up, and to take advantage of the tolerance of the J apanese Military Police. "Unless these alleged guerrillas voluntarily come out of their hideouts and surrender, the Japanese Forces may be compelled to send punitive expeditions to mop them up. . Once this ·comes to pass, these men, small number and poorly equipped as they are, will come face to face in open combat with the superior and fully-equipped Japanese soldiers who will give them no quarter, until they are completely annihilated. As a consequence of such combat, law-abiding citizens may be involved, homes and communities may be drawn into the turmoil, and innocent men, women and children may not be saved from the horrors of such warfare. All this the result of the futile persistence of these outlaws. "In concluding, I take up the cause of the outlaws' parents, wives and children who are suffering innumerable hardships and anxiety over the fate of their loved ones. I look forward to the ·day when all of them now in hiding are finally returned; without the necessity of a punitive expedition, to the comfort of their homes. Thus in peace and security, they may help their countrymen attaiµ their long-cherished ideal of independence." ' lated the people of Burma for Japan's pledge to give them their independence not later than this year. To the PTemie'r The radiogram to Premier Tozyo follows: "On behalf of the people of the Philippines I have the honor ~o. express to Your Excellency our profound gratitude for Your Excellency's reiteration concerning independenc~ for the Philippines made in the 8lst Imperial Diet and to ple~ge our sincere loyalty and full [ 106] cooperation with the Great Japanese Empire in the establishment of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere." To U Ba Maung The radiogram to Dr. Ba Maung follows: "On behalf of the people of the Philippines I congratulate you and the people of Burma for the pledge of early independence to Burma for which you have THREE RESOLUTIONS OF GRATITUDE THE gratitude and appreciation of the Filipinos for Japan's pledge of independence in the shortest possible time, was expressed in resolutions unanimously passed by the Executive Commission, the Council of State, and the Manila city oficials. In its resolution, the Executive Commission decided to set aside February 8 as a day of rejoicing and gratefulness for the reiteration of Japan's benevolent policy, and also as a day of reassurance of the sincere loyalty of the Filipino people to Japan. The Council of State, and the City Board on the other hand, reaffirmed the determination of the people to work with redoubled efforts for the fulfillment of the conditions required for the early grant of independence. The resolutions: RESOLUTION OF THE PHILIPPINE EXECUTIVE COMMISSION EXPRESSING PROFOUND GRATITUDE FOR THE UNP ARALI.EI.ED ACT OF JUSTICE AND MAGNANIMITY OF THE GREAT JAPANESE EMPIRE IN REITERATING JAPAN'S BENEVOLENT POLICY REGARDING THE FUTURE OF THE PHILIPPINES. WHEREAS, on January 28, 1943, Premier General Hideki Tozyo before the Slst Imperial Diet solemnly declared that "on condition that further tangible evidence of cooperation is . actively demonstrated by the Filipino people it is contemplated to put into effect the statement .made previously on the question of Philippine Independence in the shortest possible time"; and WHEREAS, this declaration marks an important step towards the establishment of the New Philippines as a worthy member of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere; Now, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, That the Philippine Executive Commission, on behalf of the people of the Philippines and in its own behalf, express, as it hereby expresses, profound gratitude for this unparalleled act of justice and magnanimity of the Great Japanese Empire; BE IT RESOLVED, FURTHER, That February 8, 1943, be declared as a day of rejoicing and gratefulness throughout the Philippines for the reiteration of the 1628-3 cooperated positively and whole-heartedly with our common benefactor the Great Empire of Japan. The Filipino people are also desirous of attaining their long-cherished independence 9for the Philippines and are determined more than ever to render the fullest degree of cooperation with the Japanese Empire. The Philippines shares with Burma the sincere aspiration for worthy membership in the Greater East Asia CoProsperity Sphere." benevolent policy of the Empire of Japan regarding the future of the Philippines and as a day too of reassurance of the sincere loyalty of the Filipino people to Japan and renewal of their firm determination to render full cooperation in the task of establishing the New Order in Greater East Asia. Adopted in the City of Manila, Philippines, this 30th day of January, 1943. • RESOLUTION OF THE PHILIPPINE COUNCIL OF STATE EXPRESSING ITS PROFOUND GRATITUDE AND APPRECIATION FOR THE REITERATION OF JAPAN'S POLICY REGARDING THE FUTURE OF THE PHILIPPINES. WHEREAS, Premier General Hideki Tozyo in his address before the Slst Imperial Diet made the solemn declaration that "on condition that further tangible evidence of cooperation is actively demonstrated it is contemplated to put into effect the statement made previously on the question of Philippine Independence in the shortest possible time"; WHEREAS, this declaration furthers and implements his former statement of January 21, 1942 as to Japan's policy to grant independence to the Philippines; WHEREAS, the freedom and independence of the Philippines have always been the supreme aspiration of the Filipino people; Now, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, That the Philippine Council of State in formal and extraordinary meeting assembled express, as it hereby expresses, its profound gratitude and appreciation for the reiteration of Japan's policy regarding the future of the Philippines, and RESOLVED, FURTHER, That the Philippine Council of State reafirm its determination to cooperate to the fullest possible extent in the work for the fulfillment of the conditions required of the Filipino people for the early grant of Philippine Independence which will entitle the New Philippines to a place as a worthy member in the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. Adopted in the City of Manila, Philippines, this 30th day of January, 1943. [ 107] Resolution of the Offl,cials of the City of Manila W HEREAS, Premier General Hideki Tozyo, in addressing the Ifouse of Peers on the eigthyfirst session of the Imperial Diet on January 28, 1943, reiterated the pledge made last year to grant independence to the Philippines if the Filipinos cooperated with Japan in the establishment of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere; WHEREAS, in repeating this pledge he added that Japan was willing to accord the Philippines independence "in the shortest possible time"; WHEREAS, the Director General of the Japanese Military Administration in the Philippines, in a Communique on Premier Tozyo's latest statement, declares that this "further clarifie~ and emphatically reaffirms the original statement made by the Imperial Japanese Government at the outbreak of the present war"; and that "the Japanese Empire is a country of faith and honor that has always fulfilled with sincerity and good faith every obligation and pledge she has entered into or made"; WHEREAS, the Director General further declares that "it is an established and immutable fact that the Philippines should be granted independence on the condition that all the people of these Islands manifest further tangible proof of closer cooperation and sincere collaboration with the Japanese Empire"; and WHEREAS, such a declaration places squarely with the Filipino people the question of achieving freedom according as they cooperate to the fullest measure with the Japanese Empire in the building of a Greater East Asia for Asians; THEREFORE, we, the people of Manila, as represented by the City officials, hereby express our deepest gratitude and obligation for Premier Tozyo's historic ~eclaration and the consequent Communique of the Director General of the Japanese Military Administration in the Philippines. We likewise resolve to affirm our strong determination to prove to the Japanese people that we are deserving of the honor of independence and to exert every effort to comply with the requisites for the achievement of freedom as set by Japan. We further resolve to demonstrate that we are decided more than ever to cooperate fully, absolutely and unreservedly with the Japanese Empire in its mighty program of liberation and reconstruction to the end that a new order of peace, justice and prosperity may reign in East Asia. [ 108] GRATITUDE DEMONSTRATION LIEUTEHA:NT-GENERAL Sizuiti Tanaka, Commander-in-Chief of the Imperial Japanese Forces, on February 8, witnessed the enthusiastic demonstration by 300,000 marching Filipinos expressing their gratitude, homage and loyalty to Japan for her unparalleled generosity in placing independence within their grasp. For more than an hour, they passed before General Tanaka in the reviewing stand in orderly groups to express their joy to the Iml?erial Japanese Forces for eliminating western domination permanently from the Philippines in order to make possible the realization of their ambition to be a free nation. The people began· to gather at the Luneta and its environs as early as 2 o'clock in the afternoon; When the parade actually started at 4 o'clock both the old' and .. the new Luneta were a sea of faces. For Cooperation They marched united to "reaffirm our determination to cooperate to the ful~est extent with the Japanese Military Administration for the realization of Japan's fundamental objectives in waging this present war, and for the early grant of our independence" as expressed in a resolution they unanimously approved. Chairman Jorge B. Vargas received a resounding ovation in his speech when he called upon "the Filipino people gathered in solemn assemblies throughout the Philippines to make a solemn and unforgettable consecration of their lives, their fortunes, their energies, their constant efforts and their unhesitating sacrifies to the sacred ideal of freedom." Most conspicuous in the crowds were the workingmen and workingwomen. The lack of transportation facilities aid not prevent the people from coming, most of them walking long distances. The afternoon of the parade was cool. There was a gentle breeze from the sea to make the throngs comfortable. The parade started when Lieutenant-General Tanaka, accompanied by his staff, arrived at 4 o'clock, preceded a few minutes before by the representatives of the Imperial Japanese Navy. The Parade At the head of the parade were Chairman Vargas and the members of the Philippine Executive Commission. The Commissioners were followed by Chief Justice Yulo and the associate justices of the Supreme Court and the members of the Philippine Council of State. • As each of these groups arrived in front of the grandstand, they faced right, st•od at attention and bowed, and then proceeded to the grandstand to take their seats. They were followed by several companies of Constabulary trainees, who marched past the stand in precise steps.. Then came the personnel of the Office of the Chairman of the Executive Commission, marching behind their fl.oat which depicted the Filipino youth and which was later cited for honorable mention. A quotation from Rizal in Tagalog as follows: "Itingala ang aliwalas mong noo-Kabataan Filipino," meaning "Hold high thy brow serene-Fair hope of my Fatherland" was on both sides of the fl.oat. Next came the fl.oat of the Department of the Interior. Symbolic of the department's task to maintain peace and order, a flock of doves was released as the float passed the grandstand. The floats that followed were those of the Department of Finance, De- _ partment of Justice, and Department of Education, Health and Public Welfare. The last fl.oat was preceded by a large number of women dressed in balintawak. Representing Japan giving the Philippines her independence, the float of the Departm~nt of Education, Health and Public Welfare depicted Nippon holding a· large bolo and cutting off the chain of bondage which held the Philippines, represented by a woman, to a post. On both sides of the fl.oat was the caption: "Independence of the Philippines in the shortest time possible-Tozyo." The float received honorable mention. There were 21 floats in all, including tho.se offered by the Manila Sinbun-sya, the City of Manila, Department of Public Works and Communications, the KALIBAPI, which was adjudged first place, the Nacoco, the Philippine National Bank, which obtained an honorable mention, the Naric, the National Development Company, Jai-Alai, the Manila Jockey Club, Philippine Wines and Liquors Association, Cebu Portland Cement Company, Mafran, and Gonzalo Puyat & Sons. Besdes its float, the City of Manila was fully represented .Presenting one of the largest groups. A feature of Manila's representation was representing each district a tiny float built on a push cart. · The KALIBAPI float was awarded the first prize by a jury composed of Chief Justice Yulo, Co:i:nmissioner Claro M. Recto and Consul Zitaro Kihara. The float, symbolizing Filipino unity, showed a group of barrio folk carrying a house, which is a common [ 109] spectacle in the rural districts of the country when all neighbors come to the aid of a man who is moving his abode. When KALIBAPI • Director-General Benigno S. Aquino spoke in Dagupan the other day, he made reference to such a daily spectacle as symbolizing the spirit of the KALIBAPI. The Chinese and the Indian communities were also represented by large delegations while the Manila Fire Department made a spectacular show, with the fire engines running at full speed and with their sirens blaring. Neighborhood Associations One of the groups that took a conspicuous . part in the demonstration represented the various di.Strict and neighborhood associations being created in the city. Led by their chiefs, 12 units of the district and neighborhood associations participated in the parade. The participants wore barong Tagalog and balintawak. The market vendors, who came in a long and unbroken line of men and women who feed the city every day, were the tailenders of the parade which ended at 5: 30. The Manila Metropolitan Constabulary handled the parade efficiently. The flow of the procession was as fast as could be expected. The crowd was well behaved. There was always room for army and navy cars and trucks to carry out their duties without delay. The ceremonies started immediately after the last marcher had passed the grandstand. With Captain Jose B. Laurel, III serving as announcer, the crowd executed the various numbers of the program with precision. The program opened with the crowd saluting the representatives of the Imperial Japanese Forces, following which everybody stood at attention while the Constabulary Band played the Kimigayo. Receiving orders from the announcer, the crowd turned about face and bowed in the direction of the Imperial Palace in Tokyo. A minute of silent prayer was observed for the war dead ~nd for the victory of Japan. The· solemn ceremonies over, Commissioner of the Interior Jose P. Laurel, in his introductory remarks, said in part as follows: - "After the fall of Manila into the hands of the victorious Imperial Japanese Forces, Premier General Hideki Tozyo, speaking before the 80th session of the Japanese Imperial Diet, solemnly pledged to grant the Filipino people the honor of independence. Barely a year thereafter, he reiterated that solemn pledge and declared: '. . . on condition that further tangible evidence of cooperation is actively demonstrated it ~s ·contemplated to put into effect the statement made previously on the question of Philippine independence in the shortest possible time.' Being a spontaneous ·and solemn declaration of policy towards ' the Philippines, subsequently explained and definsd by the highest Nippon leaders in our country, and supported by historical and traditional Nippon friendship and brotherly feeling towards us, the Filipino people, this pledge should be taken by the entire nation as a token of the highest expression of sincerity on the part of the Japanese Government and people. From the Beginning "Since the dawn of our history, our forefathers have manifested their unselfish love for freedom. Philippine history is a stirring and impressive saga of heroic deeds of Filipino patriots and heroes in their repeated attempts to free a weak and subjugated people. It is for this love of freedom that Andres Bonifacio, Emilio Jacinto, Antonio Luna, Gregorio del Pilar and other revolutionary leaders gave their lives in the fields of battle; it is for this love of freedom that Del Pilar, Lopez Jaena, Panganiban and other propagandists died in poverty and hardship in foreign lands far from the warmth of their homes and the loving caresses of their belowed ones; and it is for this same love of freedom that Rizal, Burgos and other Filipino martyrs unhesitatingly offered their precious lives. Yes, indeed, it is because of this love of freedom that numberless anonymous Filipino patriots rose in arms, first against Spain and later against the United States of America. Yet despite. the heroism and sacrifices of these brave and glorious Filipinos, that freedom was not achieved." Chairman Vargas, who was introduced by Commissioner Laurel, then stood up to deliver the principal address of the occasion. (The complete text of Chairman Vargas' speech is printed in this issue.) [ 110] Director-General Aquino, of the KALIBAPI, then ascended a special platform nearer the crowd and read the Tagalog and the English versions of a resolution of the Filipino people, expressing their profound and undying gratitude for the reiteration of Japan's determination to grant independence to the Philippines in the shortest possible time. As Mr. Aquino read the Tagalog text, each paragrap of the resolution was greeted with applause. The Japanese text was read by Consul Kihara. Addressing Commissioner Laurel, Director-General Aquino asked that the resolution be put to a vote. Commissioner Laurel asked the crowd to signify its approval by shouting three Mabuhays. The resolution was unanimously carried. Resolution of Gratitude W 'HEREAS, Premier General Hideki Tozyo of Japan, in his recent address to the Impe~ial Diet reaffirmed Japan's determination to grant independence to the Philippines in the shortest possible time on condition fiiat the Filipinos fully and actively cooperate with Japan in the establishment of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. "WHEREAS, the freedom of independence of the Philippines have always been the supreme aspiration of the Filipino people; "Now, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by us, the Filipino people publicly assem~led at Manila, Philippines, this eighth day of February, 1943, to express, as we do , hereby express, our profound and undying gratitude for Dai Nippon Premier's solemn statement to grant the Philippines her independence in the shortest possible time; and "RESOLVED FURTHER, That we, the Filipino people, reaffirm our determination to cooperate to the fullest extent' with the Japanese Military Administration for the realization of Japan's fundamental objectives in waging this present war, and for the early grant of our national independence." The Japanese text was turned over to Chairman Vargas who formally presented it to General Tanaka. The playing of the Song for the Creation of the New Philippines by the Constabulary Band and the shouting of three cheers of Banzai, led by Chairman Vargas, closed the ceremonies, which ended shortly after 6 o'clock. [ 111] Nothing Can Stop Us BY THE CHAIRMAN• Philippine Executive Commission A S I look upon this vast gathering of my countrymen who have assembled here from all parts of this city with unequalled enthusiasm-when I consider that on this historic day throughout the length and breadth of our native land the Filipino people are marshalling themselves in solid ranks to dedicate all their thoughts and energies to the speedy consummation of our dream of independence-I am filled with a deep emotion of solemn consecration. This day is indeed a day of consecration for the Filipino people. Never before in our long and tragic history as a 'subject people has the independence of the Philippines been up to us Filipinos to win and to deserve. Countless generations of heroes and martyrs who died before the dawn, countless generations of future Filipinos who will bask in the warmth of the noonday of freedom, are calling now upon our chosen generation to demand that we do not fail. And we shall not fail. It is only right and proper that this day also should be a day of profound gratitude, of sincere homage, and of heart-felt loyalty, to the great Empire of Japan which has placed freedom within our grasp. The The magnanimous and unprecedented promise of independence to the Philippines in the shortest possible time, confirmed as the sacred and irrevocable pledge of the Japanese Empire several days ago, has no equal in the entire recorded history of men and nations. In our own ' experience in the struggle for freedom, we find it impossible to match the chivalry and supreme generosity of Japan. We find it so up.imaginable, so difficult to believe, that the most powerful nation in Asia should be so benevolent and solicitous toward those who only lately were misled into facing the Imperial Japanese Forces on the field of battle, that some misguided Filipinos may even doubt the truth and sincerity of Japan's promise of independence. But this doubt crumbles before the indisputable and undeniable facts. Japan has amply proven her high and honorable intentions with acts. At the very beginning of this war Japan proclaimed that she entertained no territorial ambitions, no schemes for exploitation, and no dreams of tyranny, but only a ,sincere desire to liberate the peoples of the Orient from Western imperialism so as to secure the prosperity and peace of Asia and the world. -·We are convinced that Japan has remained faithful to the letter and to the spirit of that noble proclamation in every corner of Greater East Asia where the Imperial Japanese Forces have entered on the wings of victory. Japan Keeps Word Japan has remained true to her ideals and her promises with respect to the Philippines in spite of [ 112] the fact that a portion of our people, deceived and misguided, resisted the Imperial Japanese Forces. She liberated the Filipino prisoners of war, rising above all the rules of war and all the canons of international law. Instead of exploiting and enslaving us, she has been helping and encouraging us in the gigantic task of national reconstruction and in the even greater task of building a new Philippines for the Filipinos. These measures of unparalleled nobility find their explanation in the sacredness of Japan's word, in the inviolability of her promises, in the chivalry of her proud traditions, and in the unblemished splendor of her national virtue. I could cite numerous other examples of Japan's fidelity to her obligations and to her pledged word. I could point to Nationalist China, to whom Japan promised the restoration of all degrading special privileges wrung from her by the Western nations. Japan has fulfilled that promise. I could point to the people of Burma, to whom Japan promised the fulfillment of their aspirations for independence within this very year. In the face of our own experience and of the experience of others, we cannot but accept wholeheartedly, without doubts or reservations, the solemn announcement made by Japan to grant independence to the Philippines. We know that behind the word of Japan stand 2,600 years of knightly traditions and the sacred honor of one hundred million people united under an unbroken line of Emperors, coeval with the ages. We, therefore, accept the promise with profound and boundless gratitude· and we here resolve that the promise will never be regretted and that its sure fulfillment will give honor and joy to both Japan and the Philippines. All over the Philippines, every Filipino feels at this moment the need of displaying the overpowering sense of gratitude that we have toward Japan. It is impossible to find words adequate to express the emotion that overwhelms us. Fortunately there is no need for words. Japan has shown us by her inspiring example that she does .not lay stock by words so much as by deeds. What shall these deeds be? We are asked only to find ourselves, to become once more true Filipinos and true Orientals, standing on our own feet, shoulper to shoulder with our brothers in Greater East Asia. We are not asked to submit to injury, harm, or discrimination. We are, on the contrary urged to seek our own good. We are not asked to starve in economic chaos. We are, on the contrary, urged to share the blessings of prosperity with our fellow-Orientals. We can be truly free as a nation only if we are also economically and culturally independent of the West, and therefore Japan asks us to lay down stable foundations for our enduring freedom, prosperity and happiness. Grave Responsibility That grave and historic responsibility is placed squarely on our shoulders. Our independence is definitely up to ourselves. Japan has done everything on her part by making the promise of independence. Now the Filipino people, all of us, must do our part. We must prove that we deserve independence. In the past our heroes did not hesitate to lay down their lives, to sacrifice their fortunes, and to consume all their energies, to win the independence of the Philippines. Those martyrs and heroes of the past look down upon us now, from the glorious heights of their immortality. They challenge us to equal or surpass their mighty exploits of will and resol'UJ;ion. They call upon us not to betray the sacred ideal for which they sacrificed all that they had and all that they were. They inspire us to unite for the last irresistible drive toward the national freedom which, throughout the ages and generations, has been our Holy Grail. I therefore call upon all the Filipino people gathered in solemn assemblies today throughout the Philippines to make a solemn and unforgettable consecration of our lives, our fortunes, our energies, our constant efforts, and our unhesitating sacrifices, to the sacred ideal of our freedom. I call upon each and every- Filipino to help in the maintenance of peace and order without which it would be impossible to finish our gigantic task of national reconstruction. I address myself more particularly and with all the energy at my command to our brother Filipinos no~ in hiding in the hills and in the mountains,· and I ask them to realize that, by their own misdirected activities, they are hindering and delaying the independence that we all so devoutly desire. I call upon our farmers and our laborers, our industrialists, our merchants, our engineers, our men of letters and our men of thought, to unite their talents and their energies in a vast and irresistible stream of productive activity that will make the Philippines a land of plenty and self-sufficiency, and a valuable asset to the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. I call upon all the elements of the population, men and women, the old and the young, the cultured and unlettered, to discover themselves as true Orientals, to cast off all harmful and shameful imitation, and to practice those virtues of honor, sincerity, courage, industry, frugality, and self-sacrifice for the common good, that have always characterized our people as Filipinos and as Orientals. I call upon all the Filipino people to rise as one man and highly resolve that nothing shall stop us, nothing shall delay us, nothing shall divide us, in the crusade to win and deserve the independence of the Philippines, an independence that shall be securely founded on the brotherhood of Oriental nations, existing and prospering together in peace and union under the inspiring leadership of the great Japanese Empire. [ 113] The Reconstruction of the Philippines By MANUEL A. ROXAS (Addressed to the Officers of the Philippine Army in the Filipino Prisoners' War Camp, Malaybalay, Bukidnon, September 5, 1942) : FOR the last two weeks, you have been taught the high ideals of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. You have also been informed of the part which the Philippines is expected to play in the realization of these ideals, if this country is ever to enjoy the blessings of independence under the aegis of the Japanese Imperial Government. This instruction was based on the memorable address to the Filipino people made by His Excellency, the Commander-in-Chief of the Japanese Expeditionary Forces to the Philippines on July 31, 1942. You should read that speech carefully and ponder the important statements made therein in order to comprehend correctly the reasons which moved Japan to engage in this war and the aims that she is determined to achieve. I have been requested to speak to you today on the reconstruction of the Philippines. This is a very broad subject, one which requires prolonged study by men better qualified than I am. To solve a sound and concrete plan of reconstruction would require a knowledge of social and economic conditions at present obtaining throughout the Philippines-a knowledge which I do not possess. It would also require a clear idea of future world conditions following this war, particularly those resulting from the peculiar political and economic relationship that will exist among the members of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. These conditions, I am, likewise not in a position to forecast. There are a few things, however, which are absolutely essential to any program of reconstruction in our particular case, and these I shall discuss briefly for your consideration. Peace and order, is, of course, an absolute essential. But peace and order does not mean merely the termination of all hostile acts against the established regime; it means also respect for the constituted authorities and obedience to the laws and regulations duly promulgated. It also means, on the part of the people, confidence and faith· in the Government in its ability to administer the laws properly and justly. It means, finally, the banishment from the heart of the people of the fear of those who exercise the powers which is so essential to the establishment of moral life and human relationship, and without which social progress is impracticable, cannot exist. Productive Activities THE continuance and intensification of productive activities comes next in importance. The people must have food to eat, clothes to wear, and homes to live in. The present trend in world economy makes it more and more imperative that each nation becomes as nearly self-sufficient as possible in the prime essentials of life. This is particularly true in the case of the Philippines, which is an agricultural country situated in the tropics. We have the power and the resources to be practically self-sufficient in the prime necessities, particularly food and clothing. There is absolutely no reason why we can not produce all the rice, corn, meat and vegetables to meet our national requirements. Through a more diversified and intelligent farming, we should be able to achieve that condition. As to clothing, we should produce more cotton and other fibers to supply our textile requirements. The crops could be adopted as a substitute for others that we have been producing, particularly sugar, the production of which might have to be curtailed after this war. Such agricultural program will also give rise to new industries for which we are particularly suited and which have every reason to flourish with the support of a large home market. Our natural resources should also require careful husbanding to avoid depletion and destructive use. I refer particularly to our fish and forest resources which must be wisely utilized and conserved in order that future generations may not be deprived of their enduring benefits. As an indispensable requisite of these activities of material reconstruction, it is necessary to open the channels of communication and transportation, as otherwise distribution and commerce cannot be properly affected. To this end the roads must, as soon as possible, be rebuilt, the bridges reconstructed, and the telegraph, telephone and radio lines operated and opened to the people at large. [ 114] Regenerated Spirit BUT all these purely material undertakings would be difficult of fruitful accomplishment and barren of results unless they are based upon and sustained by a regenerated spirit truly and essentially Filipino. For the progress and civilization of a nation can only be erected enduringly, not upon wealth and material resources, but upon the character and the fortified spirit of the people. I have not reached this conclu. sion since the war. This is the lesson of the ages. Some years ago, you will remember, when I organized the "Bagong Katipunan" my aim and purpose was to awaken the dormant or bewildered spirit of our people that it may assert itself bpldly and persistently for a return to such of our ancient customs and traditions as are sound and beautiful, to· take pride in our race, to resist that inordinate and wasteful modernism which was threatening to corrupt our land, to banish frivolity and the excessive love of luxury and pleasure, and to enthrone in their hearts the great virtues of honesty, courage, self-sacrifice and loyalty together with a patriotic concept of the duties which each individual owes the state. I deplored and labored against unwholesome foreign influences in an effort to eradicate from the heart of every Filipino any feeling of inferiority towards other races as well as unthinking prejudices against them. The Gospel which I once offered to our people, I offer to you now, firmly as strong and prosperous Philippines, the. Home of a happy people, is work, WoRK,-PRonu'cTIVE WoRK. Conscientious, continuous and intelligent work nothing can save us or bring about the attainment of our destiny by WoRK. Many years ago, our forefathers were industrious and hardworking. They were not afraid of work, much less were they ashamed to WORK. They found joy in productive toil. With every rising sun, they watched their plants grow or the things they build with their hands take shape. And tt brought them happiness and glory besides, for they felt the thrill which accomplishment brings. I am sorry to say that this love of work has been weakened among many Filipinos, particularly those of the younger generation. They have been lured far and 16.28 ' wide by the enticing pleasures and illusory comforts of an easy life. Health and pleasures have become the goal of their existence. All these vices have sapped our vitality as a nation, and weakened our moral fiber as individuals. Gambling has become popular among them. They have acquired many reprehensible habits under the guise of fashionable modernity. If we are to build up a strong nation, if we are to survive as a race, if we are to enjoy the great blessings of Freedom, we must cast away from our minds and souls the unwholesome habits and customs which we have acquired from our contact with foreign civilization. We must quicken our own spirit with the sacred memory of the sufferings and privations that our people have endured, the tears that they have shed, and the blood that they have poured forth since the beginning of this war, determined that we shall not allow our nation to perish but, on the contrary, that it shall live and live forever-strong and prosperous, the proud home of a hardworking and happy people. Our confiiiement in this camp, despite the hardships and worries it entails, which are merely the result of our condition as prisoners of war, should prove, spiritually, at' least, of lasting benefit to each and everyone of us. We have the precious opportunity to think deeply on the events that affect our destiny as a people, on our duty to our country and on the part that we should play in its reconstruction on firmer foundations. The task ahead is most difficult, the way is rugged and long; it is a constant upward climb through ceaseless and sacrificing toil. When you leave this camp, I trust that your souls will be purified, your spirits quickened and emboldened, and that you will be inspired with the single purpose of devoting your life to the service of your country. The Japanese Officers controlling this camp are bending every effort to make our life here as satisfactory as possible. For this, we are indebted to the Japanese Government and, more particularly to the officers on duty here and their able staff. I desire to avail myself of this opportunity to express to them, in your behalf and in my own, our sincere appreciation. [ 115] Education And The New Life By GABRIEL R. MANALAC Director of Public ltistruction IN Order No. 2 dated - February 17, 1942, the Commander-inChief of the Imperial Japanese Forces in the Philippines enunciated the basic principles which shall govern the reconstruction of the educational system of the New Philippines. It is most important that not only the teachers but parents as well who are naturally concerned in the education of their children should know what ~hey are and understand fully their meaning and their objectives. There are six of these principles which shall determine the pattern and the trend of our educational work. The wise teacher will use them as beacons to guide him in his activities in the school from day to day. They are: "First, to make the people understand the position of the Philippines as a member of the East Asia CoProsperity Sphere, the true meaning of the establishment of a New Order in the sphere and the share which the Philippines should take for the realization of the New Order, and thus to promote friendly relations between Japan and the Philippines to the furthest extent. "Second: To eradicate the old idea of reliance upon the Western nations, especially upon the U.S. A. and Great Britain, and to foster a new Filipino culture based on the self-consciousness of the people as Orientals. "Third: To endeavor to elevate the morals of the people, giving up. the over emphasis of materialism. "Fourth: To strive for the diffusion of the Japanese language in the Philippines, and to terminate the use of English in due course. "Fifth: To put importance to the diffusion of elementary education and to the promotion of vocational education. "Sixth: To inspire the people with the spirit to love labour." -Educational Rebirth A careful and conscientious study of these fundamental principles will readily show that they demand not only a revision but practically a rebirth of education in the Philippines. We are to salvage all that is worth saving of the old system but the new structure will be of a different architecture and the uses to which it will be put also be undoubtedly different. A rebirth of education in the New Philippines will require that we discard our preconceived ideas and our prejudices; · that we disassociate ourselves from feelings and thoughts which have in the past colored our views and controlled our actions; and that we make a "realistic examination" of the momentous events that have recently taken place ~ our part of the world,-events that have already changed the course of history in our country. The first of the six principles enunciated implies not only the building of a New Philippines but also the formation of a family of' nations of which the Philippines may become a worthy member. The building up of a nation and especially the building up of a family of nations at once calls to mind the picture of a useful, active life-a life of constant work, of unremitting vigilance and a continuous sacrifice on the part of the individual. We can not build up a New Philippines or hope to contribute our share to the formation and maintenance of the East Asia CoProsperity Sphere unless our people are trained and accustomed to hard work, unless we learn not only to accept but even to welcome personal discomfort, inconvenience, and hardship in the knowledge that all these personal sacrifices are only a means to the prosperity and perpetuity of the nation. That country will be most enduring whose people can stand on their feet against all misfortunes and calamities. Our Contribution W HAT bearing then does all this have on our educational work? What contribution must we make to the active life called for by this gigantic task of nation building and by this family of nations which is in the making in Greater East Asia? It means that the schools through systematic training from the earliest grades must produce young men and young wm~en vigorous of mind and body, capable A>f carrying on exacting and prolonged physical and mental work even under adverse conditions; young men [ 116] and young women with bodies that can endure injury, sustain suffering, and overcome disease. It likewise demands that we develop in our boys and girls a type of mind that can think straight, that will accept hardship and suffering as part of life and that will hold steadfastly to the belief that above and beyond all the vicissitudes of life there is a just Providence that watches over all mankind. We must therefore give greater and more serious attention to all our physical education activities-the radio taiso, the athletic games, the boy and girl scout projects and such other phases of school work that may contribute to the physical development of the students. Through daily instruction in the schools and follow-up work in the homes, the children must be taught thoroughly and well to eat the proper foods, to sleep the right number of hours, to dress sensibly for health and comfort, and to develop those habits that will strengthen their bodies,-all these to produce not the superman but men and women capable of holding their own under any emergency and against \ all odds. More Food A nation in the making will demand a full contribution of the time, labor, and effort of every individual. While the country is young, and while it is trying to get on its feet, much of this contribution ·' will have to be in a material sense. More food to be produced, more land to be tilled, more cloths to be made, more roads and bridges to be · constructed, more factories to be built, and a more intensive and systeina~ic development of our ·natural resourcesthese will be the immediate needs of a growing country. The schools may help to fill these needs through a bigger impetus given to the vocational schools and the vocational courses. Every student in school, irrespective of the course he may follow later on, should be well trained to use his hands as well as his head. He shoud acquire the skill while in school to do at least one thing well with his hands. Agricultural schools and trade schools should receive the general support of the government so that. in time there may be no dearth of skilled farmers, skilled mechanics and other skilled workmen. The course in Home and Community Membership Activities was introduced in the elementary schools this year precisely to teach the boys and girls at an early age to work with their hands and to make them as useful as possible in their homes and in the communities where they live. Racial Pride THE education for life in the New Philippines should make our boys and girls proud that they are Filipinos and Orientals. It should make them conscious that their country has a history of which they may well be proud, that our people, although under foreign domination for more than 400 years, have produced statesmen, heroes and martyrs whose sacrifices are written in blood on the pages of our history. They shall learn that as a member of a great family of nations in East Asia their country has a glorious future-a future that beckons them to limitless opportunities and glorious achievements. What then is the obligation of the schools in this exaltation of the Filipino as a Filipino and an Oriental? What must the schools do to erase the imprint of centuries that a brown skin is inferior; that one. race is born to rule while another race is born to serve? The answer is clear and unmistakable. The history of the Philippines and of the Orient should occupy a most important place in the curriculum of our schools. From a very early age our boys and girls should begin the study of the history of their native land. They should read over and over again the accounts of the great deeds that our really great men, both the dead and the living, have accomplished. They should know that under a brown skin there is the ability to think, the will to achieve and the willingness to sacrifice and die. They shall learn that in,the Orient there is the great and mighty Japanese Nation that has given irrefutable proof that an Oriental country is the equal of any other country on the face of the Earth. They should learn to pray and to thank God that in their veins is the blood of the ancient Malays and that providence has willed that they be born in the Orient where nature has been over generous and more than kind in showering her treasures and her gifts. . In this exaltation of the Filipino as an Oriental, our educational institutions must take a leading part in reviving those Filipino customs and virtues which. time has shown to be of priceless value to our people. The melody and the sentiment in our native songs, the wisdom hidden in many a proverb in the native languages, and the aspirations, the hopes, the longings and the high ideals expressed in our native literature must be brought within reach of every boy and girl in school. The Family Spirit T HE relationship among members of a family as well as the relationship among neighbors in the Philippines has a cohesion so strong that foreigners have at times claimed it is a real hindrance to the development of the individual. That a person has died of hunger or for want of help is practically unknown in this country. Family sentiment is so strong that the relatives or the neighbors if need be, come to the rescue even without the asking of the one in need. This family solidarity and this mutual sympathy and ready aid among the neighbors are worth preserving because family and neighborhood solidarity lends itself to national strength and national unity. In this family of nations that is in the making , under the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, [ 117] Japan, the country best prepared and the country that has sacrificed the most to free the Orient from Occidental influence even at the risk of her national existence, will naturall,- assume the position of leadership. It is important then that we promote friendly relations between Japan and the Philippines as best we can. It is almost axiomatic to say that two peoples, whether they be individuals or nations, in order to live together peacefully and harmoniously, must understand each other. A lack of understanding leads to misunderstanding. The less we know of a people the more likely we are to misunderstand them. If we are to be a member of this great family of nations that is now in the making in our part of the world, would it not be plain common sense to try to understand the other members of the group and especially the leader and protector of that group? The schools should make it possible for our students to learn as much as possible the history of Japan and the development of that country from its humble beginning to the power and the influence that it is today. Our students should be thoroughly familiar with the high and noble aims that that gr~at nation has in the building up of a Greater East Asia. The study of the history of Japan and the study of the Japanese language should therefore be a part of our school curriculum because only thus may we begin to understand the spirit, the culture, the civilization, and the way of life of the Japanese people. Spiritual Renovation L ASTLY, education in the New Philippines must give more time and greater attention to a really • effective training of the character of our youth and thus bring about a spiritual renovation in the rising generation. Teachers are essentially builders of men. Although apparently their work in school is to teach the 3 R's and other school subjects, we know without question that their most valuable service is i17- character training. Of what particular good, you may well ask, is a young man· whose training in school has merely sharpened and accentuated his anti-social traits? Such a man would be a greater menace to society than one with similar tendencies but without benefit of school education. The war that is still raging in all its fury has taught us many lessons but perhaps the most valuable of these is that a nation stands or falls as the character of its people is strong or weak. A people with a character weakened by vice must sooner or later yield to the superiority of another whose character has been carefully trained and hurtured by the virtues which have been handed down from father to son and which time has shown to be invaluable to the nation. Japan has until now furnished the biggest surprise in the present war ·because her people have exhibited certan traits of character that have probably no counterpart among the people in other countries. Handicapped before the present conflict by a lack of resources with which to wage a long war, it has conquered some of the most strategic positions and now occupies territories that are very rich in minerals and other war materials. ·Many have asked the question again and again. How has Japan been able to accomplish what she has so far achieved in the present war considering the handicaps that she had to overcome? There is probably no one single answer to this question. We can say however with reasonable certainty that part of the answer lies in the character of her people and naturally of her soldiers. A strong discipline, unquestioned obedience to their superiors, the ability to adjust themselves to almost any condition, the acceptance of hardships and even of death if necessary, a high ideal of service to the country, and an unshakable faith in the justice and righteousness of their country's cause have made the Japanese people and Japan's fighting men a formidable foe. The character of the Japanese Imperial Forces and of the Japanese people as a whole has drawn the admiration of the whole world. As educators we can profit immensely from the lessons furnished by Japan. We must train, mould, and nurture the character of our boys and girls in school so as to bring about a spiritual rebirth among our people. Courage, honesty, devotion to one's duty, service to the country, disregard of one's self and even willingness to die for a cause that is just and right-these are character traits, the presence or the lack of which determine the fate of a people. Much of our character training has been vocal and theoretical. Much of it has consisted of verbal discussions in the classroom. We must make our character education really and truly effective. Just as we harden and strengthen our pupils' bodies through regular physical exercises so must we devise a series of activities the systematic performance of which will bring about a stiffening of the moral fiber in our youths. This we must do if we want to exist as a people because a people without character are like a people without vision-"they perish". Thus must education in the New Philippines be geared up to the tempo and the demands of the New Life. [ 118] A Filipino Looks Forward By MARIANO v. DE LOS SANTOS President, University of Manila F OR well over a year the Philippines has been involved in a war not of our own making. Our . country and our people for the last twelve months or more have gone through sufferings and devastation, the magnitude of which we cannot yet accurately surmise. But from this bloody test and from these sufferings, we have emerged greatly ~ fortified, with rosier hopes and the took pride in adopting as their own, the vices and defects of the Westerners. Rude Awakening proud possessor of a new national ~ solidarity and spirit that betoken ~~~ ~ the birth of a new Philippines. ~ ~ And for:.. this if for no other reason ~ ~ ~~~~~==~ this new year acquires added ~ ~ importance and should be a fresh starting point for greater Under the impact of the fateful events that have been happening in our midst since December 8, 1941, our dream of becoming a Western Island in an Oriental sea has ended in a rude awakening. At long last we have come to realize that racial affinity and geographical propinquity are fundamental concepts that find their bases on nature and on stern reality; and that they cannot be made subservient to the less elemental ties of imported or imposed foreign cultures and transient if not exexertion and a more substantial performance in our journey towards national maturity. We should not only propose to be better; but be determined to accomplish infiditely more than what we have accomplished during the past twelve months. Nation Making These are critical days for the Philippines and the Filipinos. Literally we are making history. We cannot and we should not remain stationary or inactive, much less, indifferent to the events that are rapidly taking place in our midst and all around us. We owe it ·to ourselves to become fully aware of the tremendous significance and far-reaching effects of the changes that are sure to come in the wake of this war of world-wide proportions. An old epoch in our history has ended and a new one is opening up. By and large, for over 400 years, the Philippines have been drawn away, first by Spain and lately by the United States, from its natural sphere and from its natural associates. An Oriental nation and an Oriental people, during this long interlude, we have always looked up to the Western nations as our only mentors and models. Much to our own disadvantage, we have considered Western ideals, with the exclusion of all others, as the desirable goals of our intellectual and spiritual efforts. Our religion, our form of government, standards of life, nay, our vices and shortcomings~ have been mainly of the West; not satisfied in importing many social and basic institutions of the Occidentals, a large proportion of our people likewise pedient political and economic associations. A S a result and a natural consequence of these drastic changes in the conditions of our country a new outlook on life has been forming, life values have ~een revised, new ways and new modes of thinking are being adopted; in short, a New Order is being established in our country. A new order that is really and truly new, a new order that is not a mere figure of speech .. .Qr~ ,._a beautiful slogan coined to entice' us into thoughtless submission to a new regime. The New Order · ~~ntially means the re-entry of the Filipino nation into the family of the Great East Asian countries on a term of equality with all of them and moved by a strong desire to share with the members of that great family a common prosperity. A Gigantic Task At once it could be seen that the creation of a New Philippines is a gigantic but glorious task that will demand from evert Filipino a large measure of sacrifice and a great deal of work-hard work, fruitful work. This first new year under the new order should serve first of all as starting point in the development of a new concept of work, in a new and more valid . ..attitude towards the real meaning of work. The New Philippines has to be built on the solid foundation of earnest work, conscientious work, productive work, if possible, a work of great art, where the best minds and the greatest hearts among our people should dedicate their full measure of service [ 119] and devotion. Our haloed martyr, Rizal, through Fr. Florentino uttered these ringing words: "The glory of saving a country is not for him who has contributed to its ruin . . . . Hate never produces anything but monsters and criminals. Love alone realizes wonderful works, virtues alone can save . . . . Redemption presupposes virtue, virtue sacrifice, and sacrifice, love!-Suffer and Work." Suffer and Work T HE New Philippines may become a beautiful reality only through suffering and work. Work alone can save our country and our people. Fdrtunately this new philosophy of work is gaining more and more adepts. Work's true meaning is becoming more widly understood. The New Philippines is, in a manner of speaking, an old ideal long lost that we are trying to recapture in real earnest. To regain the essential qualities of an Oriental people; to reacquire the moral qualities of the old Filipinos that we have almost bartered away for the artificiality of a materialistic civilization; to be baptized anew in the purifying waters of simplicity and the natural and unaffected ways of life of our forbears; and to drink deep in the ageless fountqin sources of Eastern cultures and philosophies are all positive efforts and constructive accomplishments that will lead us to the early and successful realization of the New Order. The late .Don Teodoro Kalaw, after a through research, reconstructed the five cardinal rules of our old moral code. He found out that the unaffected people of our barrios have preserved the virtues of courage, chastity, courtesy, self-control, and family unity as . ' they were generally practiced by the old Filipinos. He pointed out that a people with such qualities can proudly claim a place of honor among the best peoples on Earth. In the New Philippines that we are establishing, we are not only allowed but insistently and urgently encouraged by our Japanese friends to revive as much as possible our indigenous culture and develop to the fullest our strong traits and the true qualities of an Oriental people. New Education We are likewise encouraged and afforded the opportunity to re-fashion our educational system to make it more responsive to the needs of our time and more in keeping with our natural idiosyncracies and our surroundings. This step is, indeed, vital to the ultimate fate of our country. As in all crises and in all big undertakings, the greatest need is for men and women adequately trained and schooled :'in the service of their country; men and women equipped with learning and moral and physical strength to undergo untold sacrifices and to do what is expected of them. During the last year our educational leaders have been busy laying a solid foundation for our new educational system. The coming year should see greater advances in this line, especially in the matter of training our citizenry for a keener consciousness of their spcial and collective responsibilities. More Efficient Government Space will not permit me to discuss on all of the hopeful trends observable in the present day Philippines. I do not want to close, however, without pointing to another beneficial change brought about by the establishment of the New Order. The governmental structure of the country is being re-organized along simpler lines. Waste and extravagance in our official bureaucracy are steadily reduced and it is hoped that they be totally discarded. Government employees are systematically trained to help and serve the people. The haughty, aloof or indifferent officials who make it a practice to lord over the public are being weeded out. Party politics, which made our government in the past the refuge of lame ducks and inefficiency, find no place in the New Or~er. Government service in all its various gradations are brought nearer to the people; public service is no longer an instrument of power used by few self-seeking individuals for their self-aggrandizement. Corruption and chicanery cannot thrive for a long time in a government where positions are elevated to the condition of sacred trusts whose main purpose is to promote the well-being and best interests of the governed and not to glorify the officials. 1 The past year has brought us misery and sufferings; it has occasioned losses beyond recovery; it has tested our endurance and our power of adaptation; it has brought changes that are painful to· many. On the other hand, a great many of those some changes will bring forth this year and the years to come untold blessings. Many of our false notions about work, about our rightful place in the scheme of the Universe, our worth as a people, the true meaning of service have all been made clearer to us. With this new wisdom and the added strength that it brings with it we can look forward to the future with greater faith and confidence. Resolution As a nation we have survived; our Country remains intact. We are given the privilege and the great opportunity to build a stronger nation and a more prosperous and a happy Philipp~es. There is a patriotic work for everybody to do. Let no one be like Sr. Pasta whom Isagani, in the Reig~ of Greed, condemned thus; "When I have gray hairs like those, Sir, and turn my gaze over my past, and see that I worked only for myself, without having done what I plainly could and should have ·done for the country that has given me everything, for the citizens that have helped me to live, then Sir, every gray hair will be , a thorn and instead of rejoicing, they will shame me." Let us resolve to do all that is in our power to help build a New Philippines and a New World Order that will insure peace and bring happiness to Mankind. [ 120] Japan: An lnterpretatio n By LAFCADIO HEARN s .. The Japanese Family T HE great general idea, the fundamental idea, underlying every persistent ancestor-worship, is that the welfare of the living depends upon the welfare of the dead. Under the influence of this idea, and of the cult based upon it, were developed the early organization of the family, the laws regarding property and succession, the whole structure, in short, of ancient society,-wJ:ether in the West-· E::;=~~~~~~~~~ ship; the all-important necessity for the man was to provide for the future cult of his own spirit; and to die without assurance of a cult was the supreme calamity . . . Remembering these fact~ we can understand better the organization of the patriarchal family ,-shaped to maintain and to provide for the cult · of its dead, any neglect of which cult was believed to involve misfortune. ern or the Eastern world. But before considering how the social structure in old Japan was shaped by the ancestral cult, let me again refuind the reader that there were at first no other gods than the dead. Even when Japanese ancestor-worship evolved a mythology, its gods were only transfigured ghosts,-and this is the history of all mythology. The ideas of heaven and hell did not exist among the primitive Japanese, nor any notion of metempsychosis. The Buddhist doctrine of rebirth-a late borrowing-was totally inconsistent with the archaic Japanese beliefs, and required an ela.borate metaphysical system to support it. But we may suppose the early ideas of the Japanese about the dead to have been much like those of the Greeks of the pre-Homeric era. There wa~ an underground world to which spirits d~scended; but they were supposed to haunt by preference their own graves, or their "ghost-houses.'' Only by slow degrees did the notion of their power of ubiquity become evolved. But even then they were thought to be particularly attached to their tombs, shrines, and homesteads. Hirata wrote, in the early part of the nineteenth century: "The spirits of the dead continue to exist in the unseen world which is everywhere about us; and they all become gods of varying character and degrees of influence. Some :reside in' temples built in their h9nour; others hover near their tombs; and they continue to render service to their prince, parents, wives, and children, as when in the body." Evidently "the unseen world" was thought to be in some sort a duplicate of the visible world, and dependent upon the help of the living for its prosperity. The dead and the living were mutually dependent. The allimportant necessity for the ghost was sacrificial worBond of Religion The reader is doubtless aware that in the old Aryan family the bond of union was not the bond of affection, but a bond of religion, to which natural affection was altogether subordinate. This condition characterizes the patriarchal family wherever ancestor-worship exists. Now the Japanese family, like the ancient Greek or Roman family was a religious society in the strictest sense of the term; and a religious society it yet remains. Its organization was primarily shaped in accordance with the requirements of ancestor"".'worship; its later imported doctrines of filial piety had been already developed in China to meet the needs of an older and similar religion. We might expect to find. in the structure, the laws, and the customs of the Japanese family many points of likeness to the structure and the traditional laws of the old Aryan household,-because the law of sociological evolution admits of only minor exceptions. And many such points of likeness are obvious. The materials for a serious comparative study have not yet been collected: very much remains to be learned regarding the past history of the Japanese family. But, along certain general lines, the resemblances between domestic institutions in ancient Europe and domestic institutions in the Far East can be clearly established. Alike in the early European and in the old Japanese civilization it was believed that the prosperity of the family depended upon the exact fulfillment of the duties of the ancestral cult; and, to a considerable degree, this belief rules the life of the Japanese family to-day. It is still thought that the good fortune of the household depends on the observance of its cult, [ 121] and that the greatest possible calamity is to die without leaving a mafe heir to perform the rites and to make the offerings. The p a r a m o u n t duty of filial piety among the early Greeks and Romans was to provide for the perpetuation of the family cult; and celibacy was therefore generally forbidden,-the obligation to marry being enforced by opinion where not en£ o r c e d QY legislation. Among the free classes of old Japan, marriage was also, as a general rule, obligatory in the case of a male heir: otherwise, where celibacy was not cond.emned by law, it was condemned by custom. To die without offspring was, in the case of a younger son, chiefly a personal misfortune; to die without leaving a male heir, in the case of an elder son and successor, was a crime against the ancestors,-the cult being therr.!by threcitenep with extinction. No excuse existed for remaining childless: the family law in Japan, precisely a~ in anc.Lmt Europe, having amply provided against such a conlingency. In case that a wife proved barren, she might be divorced. In case that there were reasons for not divorcing her, a concubine might be taken for the purpose of obtaining an heir. Furthermore, every family repre.sentative was privileged to adopt an heir. An unworthy son, again, might be disinherited, and another young man adopted in his place. Finally, in case that a man had daughters but no son, the suc~ession and the continuance of the cult could be assured by adopting a husband· for the eldest daughter. The Life Giver But, as in the antique European family, daughters could not inherit: descent being in the male line, it was necessary to have a male heir. In old Japanese belief, as in old Greek and Roman belief, the father, not the mother, was the life-giver; the creative principle was masculine; the duty of maintaining the cult rested with the man, not with the woman.1 The woman shared the cult; but she could not maintain it. Besides, the daughters of the family, being destined, as a general rule, to marry into other households, could bear only a temporary relation to the home-cult. It was necessary that the religion of the wife should be the religion of the husband; and the ·Japanese, like the Greek woman, on marrying into another household, necessarily became attached to the cult of her husband's family. For this reason especially the females in the patriarchal family are not equal to the males; the sister cannot rank with the brother. It · is true that the Japanese daughter, like the Greek daughter, could remain attached to her own family even after marriage, providing that a husband were adopted for h~r,-that is to say, taken info the family as a son. But even in this case, she could only share in the cult, which it then became the duty of the adopted husband to The Old Family T HE constitution of the patriarchal family everywhere derives from its ancestral cult; and before considering the subjects of marriage and adoption in Japan, it will be necessary to say something about the ancient family-organization. The ancient family was called uzi,-a word said to have originally signified the same thing as the modern term uchi, "interior," or "household,'1 but certainly used from very early times in the sense of "name" - clan-name especially. There were two kinds of uzi: the o-uzi, or great families, and the ko-uzi, or lesser families,-either term signifying a large body of persons united by kinship, and by the cult of' a common ancestor. The o-uzi corresponded in some degree to the Greek yevos or the Roman gens; the ko-uzi were its branches, and subordinate to it. The unit of society was the uzi. Each o-uzi with its dependent ko-uzi, represented something like a phratry or curia; and all the larger groups making up the primitive Japanese society were but multiplications of the uzi,-whether we call them clans, tribes, or ho~des. With the advent of a settled civilization, the greater groups necessarily divided and subdivided; but the smallest subdivision still retained its primal organization. Even the modern Japanese family partly retains that organization. It does not mean only a household: it means rather what the Greek or Roman family became after the dissolution of the gens. With ourselves the family has been disintegrated: when we talk of a man's family, we mean his wife and children. But· the Japanese family is 1 Wherever, among ancestor-worshipping races, descent is in the male line, the cult follows the male line. But the reader is doubtless aware that a still more primitive form of society than the patriarchal-the matriarchal-is supposed to have had its ancestor-worship. Mr. Spencer observes: "What has happened when descent in the female line obtains, is not clear. I have met with no statement showing that, in societies characterized by this usage, the duty of administering to the double of the dead man devolved on one of his children rather than on others."Principles of Sociology, Vol. III, § 601. [ 122] still a large group. As marriages take place early, it may consist, even as a household, of great-grandparents, grandparents, parents, and children-sons and daughters of several generations; but it commonly extends . much beyond the limits of one household. In early times it might constitute the entire population of a village or town; and there are still in Japan large communities of persons all bearing the same family name. In some districts it was formerly the custom to keep all the children, as far as possible, within the original family group-husbands being adopted for all the daughters. The group might thus consist of sixty or more persons, dwelling under the same roof; and the houses were of course constructed, by successive extension, so as to meet the requirement. (I am mentioning these· curious facts only by way of illustration.) . But the greater uzi, after the race had settled down, rapidly multiplied; and although there are said to be house-communities still in some remote districts of th~ country, the primal patriarchal groups must have been broken up almost everywhere at some very early period. Thereafter the main cult of the uzi did not cease to be the cult also of its subdivisions. all members of the original gens continued to worship the common ancestor, or uzi-no-kami, "the god of the uzi." By degrees the ghost-house of the uzi-no-kami became transformed into the modern Shinto parishtemple; and the ancestral spirit became the local tutelar god, whose modern appellation, ujigami, is but a shortened form of his ancient title, uzi-no-kami. Meanwhile, after the general establishment of the domestic cult, each separate household maintained the special cult of its own dead, in addition to the communal cult. This religious condition 'still continues. The family may include several households; but each household maintains the cult of 'its dead. And the family-group, whether large or small, preserves its ancient constitution and character; it is still a religious society, exacting obedience, on the part of all its members, to traditional custom. The Family Head So much having been explained, the customs regarding marriage and adoption, in their relation to the family hierarchy, can be clearly understood. But a word first· regarding this hierarchy, as it exists to-day. Theoretically the power of the head of the family is still supreme in the household. All must obey the head. Furthermore the females must obey the malesthe wives, the husbands; and the younger members of the family are subject to the elder members. The children must not only obey the parents and grandparents, but must observe among themselves the domestic law of seniority: thus the younger brother should obey the elder brother, and the younger sister the elder sister. The rule of precedence is enforced gently, and is cheerfully obeyed even in small matters: for example, at meal-time, the elder boy is served first, the second son next, and so on,-an exception being made in the case of a very young child, who is not obliged to wait. This custom accounts for an amusing popular term often applied in jest to a second son "Master Cold-Rice" (Hiyamesi-san); as the second son, having to wait until both infants and elders have --be.en served, is not likely to find his portion desiraoly hot when it reaches '1im . . . . Legally, the family can have but one responsible head. It may be the grandfather, the father, or the eldest son; and it is generally the eldest son, because according to a custom of Chinese origin, the old folks usually resign their active authority as soon as the eldest son is able to take charge of affairs. Flowe'l'-Daughte'I' T HE subordination of young to old, and of females to males,-in fact the whole existing constitution of the family,-suggests a great deal in regard to the probably stricter organization of the patriarchal family, whose chief was at once ruler and priest, with almost unlimited powers. The organization . was primarily, and still remains, religious: the marital bond did not constitute the family; and the relation of the parent to the household depended upon his or her relation to the family as a religious body. To-day also, the girl adopted into a household as wife ranks only as an adopted child: marriage signifies adoption. She is called "flower-daughter" (hana-yome). In like manner, and for the same reasons, the young man received into a household as a husband of one of the daughters, ranks merely as an adopted son. The adopted bride or bridegroom is necessarily subject to the elders, and may be dismissed by their decision. As for the adopted husband, his position is both delicate and difficult,-as an old Japanese proverb bears witness: Konuka san-goo areba, mukoyoosi to naruna. ("While you have even three go1 of rice-bran left, do not become a son-in-law"). Jacob does not have to wait for Rachel: he is given to Rachel on demand; and his service then begins. And after twice seven years of service, Jacob may be sent away. In that event his children do not any more belong to him, but to the family. His adoption may have had nothing to ~o with affection; and his dismissal may have nothing to do with misconduct. Such matters, however they may be settled in law, are really decided by family interests-interests relating to the maintenance of the house and of its cult. It should not be forgotten that, although a daughterin-law or a son-in-law could in former times be dismissed almost at will, the question of marriage in the old Japanese family was a matter of religious importance,-marriage being one of the chief duties of filial piety. This was also the case in the early Greek and Roman family; and the marriage ceremony was performed, as it is now performed in Japan, not at a temple, but in the home. It was a rite of the family religion,-the rite by which the bride was adopted into the cult in the supposed presence of the ancestral spirits. Among the primitive Japanese there was probably no corresponding ceremony; but after the establishment of the domestic cult, the marriage ceremony 1 The translation is Mr. Mitford's. There are no "images" of the family-god, and I suppose that the family's Shintoshrine is meant, with its ancestral tablets. [ 123] became a religious rite, 1 and this it still remains. Ordinary marriages are not, however, performed before the household shrine or in front of the ancestral tablets, except under ce!-tain circumstances. The rule, as regards such ordinary marriages, sems to be that if the parents of the bridegroom are yet alive, this is not done; but if they are dead, then the bridegroom leads his bride before their mortuary tablets, where she makes obeisance. Among the nobility, in former times at least, the marriage ceremony appears to have been more distinctly religious,-judging from the following curious relation in the book SyoreiHikki, or "Record of Ceremonies": "At the weddings of the great, the bridal-chamber is composed of three rooms thrown into one Speaking of the Greek and Roman marriage, M. de Coulanges observes: "Une telle riligion ne pouvait pas admettre la polygamie." As relating to the highly developed domestic cult of those communities considered by the author of La Cite Antique, his statement will scarcely be called in question. But as regards ancestor-worship in general, it would be incorrect; since polygamy or polygyny, and polyandry may coexist with ruder forms of ancestor-worship. The Western.Aryan societies, in the epoch studied by M. de Coulanges, were practically monogamic. The ancient Japanese society was polygynous; and polygyny persisted, after the establishment of the domestic cult. In early times, the marital relation itself would seem to have been indefinite. No distinc. (by removal of the slidingscreens ordinarily separating them), and newly decorated . . . . The shrine for the image of the family-god is placed upon a shelf adJOmmg the sleeping-place." It is noteworthy also ·that Imperial marriages are always officially announced to the ancestors; and that the marriage of the heir-apparent, or other male off-spring of the Imperial house, is performed befo;re the Kasikodokoro, or imperial temple of the ancestors, which stands within the palace-grounds. As a general rule it would appear that the evolution of the marriage-ceremony in J a p an chiefly followed Chinese precedent; and in the Chinese patriarchal family the ceremony is in its own way quite as much of a religious rite as the early Greek or Roman ---··! i---------·-----------=--===----' i------··---·- -~-1 tion was made between the wife and the concubines: "they were classed ·together as 'women.' " Probably under Chinese influence the distinction was afterwards sharply drawn; and with the progress of civilization, the general tendency was towards monogamy, although the ruling classes remained polygynous. In the 54th article of Iyeyasu's legacy, this phase of the social conditions is clearly expressed,-a condition which prevailed down to the era: marriage. And though the relation of the Japanese rite to the family cult is less marked, it becomes sufficiently clear upon investigation. The alternate drinking of rice-wine, by bridegroom and bride, from the same vessels, corresponds in a sort to the Roman confarreatio. By the wedding-rite the bride is adopted into the family religion. She is adopted not only by the living but by the dead; she must thereafter revere the ancestors of her husband as her own ancestors; and should there be no elders in the household, it will become her duty to make the offerings, as representative of her husband. With the cult of her own family she has nothing more to do; and the funeral ceremonies performed upon her departure from the parental roof,-the solemn sweeping out of the houserooms, the lighting of the death-fire before the gate,-are significant of this religious separation. ... q{ I ~ I Monogamic Trend "The position a wife holds towards a concubine is the same as that of a lord to his vassal. The Emperor has twelve imperial concubines. The princes may have eight concubines. Officers of the highest class may have five mistresses. A Samurai may have two handmaids. All below this are ordinary married men." This would suggest that concubinage had long been (with some possible exceptions) an exclusive privilege; and that it should have persisted down, to the period of he abolition of. the daimiates and of the military class, is sufficiently explained by the militant character of the ancient society. Though it is untrue that domestic ancestor-worship cannot coexist with polygamy or polygyny (Mr. Spencer's term is the most. inclusive), it is at least true that such worship is favoured by the monogamic relation, and tends therefore to establish it,- smce •nonogamy insures to the family succession a stability that no other relation can offer. We may say that, although the old Japanese society was not monogamic, the natural tendency was towards monogamy, as the condition best [ 124] according with the religion of the family, and with the moral feeling of the masses. Of Marriage Once that the domestic ancestor-cult had become universally established, the question of marriage, as a duty of filial pity, could not be judiciously left to the will of the young people themselves. It was a matter to be decided by the family, not by the,children; for mutual inclination could not be suffered to interfere with the requirements of the household religion. It was not a question of affection, but of religious duty; and to think otherwise was impious. Affection might and ought to spring up from the relation. But any affection powerful enough to endanger the cohesion of the family would be· condemned. A wife might ilierefore be divorced because her husband had become too much attached to her; an adopted husband might be divorced because of his power to exercise, through affection, too great an influence upon the daughter of the house. Other causes would probably be found for the divorce in either case-but they would not be difficult to find. For the same reason that connubial affection could be tolerated only within limits, the natural rights of parenthood (as we understand them) were necessarily restricted in the old Japanese household. Marriage being for the purpose of obtaining heirs to perpetuate the cult, the children were regarded as belonging to the family rather than to the father and mother. Hence, in ca~e of divorcing the son's wife, or the adopted son-in-law,-or of disinheriting the married son,-the children would be retained by the family. For the natural right of the young parents was considered subordinate to the religious rights of the house. In opposition to those rights, no other rights could be tolerated. Practically, of course, according to more or less fortunate circumstances, the individual might enjoy freedom under the paternal roof; but theoretically and legally ,there was no freedom in the old Japanese family for any member of it,-not excepting even its acknowledged chief, whose responsibilities were great. Every person, from the youngest child up to the grandfather, was subject to somebody else; and every act of domestic life was regulated by traditional custom. The Japanese Patriarch LIKE the Greek or Roman father, the patriarch of the Japanese family appears to have had in early times powers of life and death over all the members of the household. In the ruder ages the father might either kill or sell his children; and afterwards, among the ruling classes his powers remained almost unlimited until modern times. Allowing for certain local exceptions, explicable by tradition, or class-exceptions, explicable by conditions of servitude, it may be said that originally the Japanese pater-familias was at once ruler, priest, and magistrate within the family. He could compel his children to marry or forbid them to marry; he could disinherit or repudiate them; he could ordain the profession or calling which they were to follow; and his power extended to all members of the family, and to the household dependents. At different epochs limits were placed to the exercise of this power, in th~ case of the ordinary people; but in the military class, the patria potestas was almost unrestricted. In its extreme form, the paternal power controlled everything,-the right to life and liberty,-the right to marry, or to keep the wife or husband already espoused,-the right to one's own children,-the right to hold property,-the right to hold office,-the right to choose or follow an occupation. The family was a despotism. It should not be forgotten, however, that the absolutism prevailing in the patriarchal family has its justification in a religious belief,-in the conviction that everything should be sacrificed for the sake of the cult, and every member of the family should be ready to give up even life, if necessary, to assure the perpetuity of the succession. Remembering this, it becomes easy to understand why, even in communities otherwise advanced in civilization, it should have seemed right that a father could kill or sell his children. The crime of a son might result in the extinction of a cult through the ruin of the family,-especially in a militant society like that of Japan, where the entire family was held responsible for the acts of each of its members, so that a capital offence would involve the penalty of death on the whole of the household, including the children. Again, the sale of a daughter, in time of extreme need, might save a house from ruin; and filial piety exacted submission to such sacrifice for the sake of the cult. Of Property As in the Aryan family, property descended by right of primogeniture from father to son; the eldest born, even in cases where the other property was to be divided among the children, always inheriting the homestead. The homestead property was, however, family property; and it passed to the eldest son as representative, not as individual. Generally speaking, sons could not hold property, without the father's consent, during such time as he retained his headship. As a rule,-to which there were various exceptions,-a daughter could not inherit; and in the case of an only daughter, for whom a husband had been adopted, the homestead property would pass to the adopted husband, because (until within recent times) a woman could not become the head of a family. This was the case also in the Western Aryan household, in ancestorworshipping times. Position of Woman T O modern thinking, the position of woman in the old Japanese family appears to have been the reverse of happy. As a child she was subject, not only to the elders, but to all the male adults of the household. Adopted into another household as wife, she merely passed into a similar state of subjection, unalleviated by the affection which parental and fraternal ties assured her in the ancestral home. Her retention in the family of her husband did not depend [ 125] • upon his affection, but upon the will of the majority, and especially of the elders. Divorced, she could not claim her children: they belonged to the family of the husband. In any event her duties as wife were more trying than those of a hired servant. Only in old age could she hope to exercise some authority; but even in old age she was under tutelage-throughout her entire life she was in tutelage. "A woman can have no ~ouse of her own in the Three Universes," declared an old Japanese proverb. Neither could she have a cult of her own; there was no special cult for the women of a family-no ancestral rite distinct from that of the husband. And the higher the rank of the. family into which she entered by marriage, the more difficult would be her position. For a woman of the aristocratic class no freedom existed: she could not even pass beyond her own gate except in a palanquin (kago) or under escort; and her existence as a wife was likely to be embittered by the presence of concubines in the house. A Joyous and Kindly Race Such was the patriarchal family in old times; yet it is probable that conditions were really better than the laws and the customs would suggest. The race is a joyous and kindly one; and it discovered, long centuries ago, many ways of smoothing the difficulties of life, and of modifying the harsher exactions of law and customs. The great powers of the family head were probably but seldom exercised in cruel directions. He might have legal rights of the most formidable character; but these were required by reason of his responsibilities, and were not likely to be used against communal judgment. It must be remembered that the individual was not legally considered in former times: the family only was recognized; and the head of it legally existed only as representative. If he erred, the whole family was liable to suffer the penalty of his error. Furthermore, every extreme exercise of his authority involved proportionate responsibilities. He could divorce his wife, or compel his son to divorce the adopted daughter-in-law; but in either case he would have to account for this action to the family of the divorced; and the divorce right, especially in the samurai class, was greatly restrained by the fear of family resentment; the unjust dismissal of a wife being counted as an insult to her kindred. He might disinherit an only son; but in that event he would be obliged to adopt a kinsman. He might kill or sell either son or daughter; but unless he belonged to some abject class, he would have to justify his action to the community. He might be reckless in his management of the family property; but in that case an appeal to communal authority was possible, and the appeal might result in his deposition. So far as we are able to judge from the remains of old Japanese law which have been studied, it would seem to have been the general rule that the family head could not sell or alienate the estate. Though the family rule was despotic, it was the rule of a body rather than of a chief; the family head really exercising authority in the name of the rest . . . . In this sense; the family still remains a despotism; but the powers of its legal head are now checked, from within as well as from without, by later custom. The acts of adoption, disinheritance, marriage, or divorce, are decided usually by general consent; and the decision of the household and kindred is required in the taking of any important step to the disadvantage of the individual. Compensation Of course the old family organization had certain advantages which largely compensated the individual for his state of subjection. It was a society of mutual help; and it was not' less powerful to give aid, than to enforce obedience. Every member could do something to assist another member in case of need: eacfu had a right to the protection of all. This remains true of the family today. In a well-conducted household, where every act is performed according to the old forms of courtesy and kindness,-where no harsh word is ever spoken,-where the young look up to the aged with affectionate respect,-where those whom years have incapacitated for more active duty, take upon themselves the care of the children, and render priceless service in teaching and training,-an ideal condition has been realized. The daily life of such a home,-in which the endeavor of each is to make existence as pleasant as possible for all,-in which the bond of union is really love and gratitude,-represents religion in the best and purest sense; and the place is holly .... Of Dependents IT remains to speak of the dependants in the ancient family. Though the fact has not yet been fully established, it is probable that the first domestics were slaves or serfs; and the condition of servants in later times,-especially of those in families of the ruling classes,-was much like that of slaves in the early Greek and Roman families. Though necessarily [ 126] treated as inferiors, they were regarded as members of the household: they were trusted. familiars, permitted to share in the pleasures of the family, and to be present at most of its reunions. They could legally be dealt with harshly; but there is little doubt that, as a rule, they were treated kindly,-absolute loyalty being expected from them. The best indication of their status in past times is furnished by yet surviving customs. Though the power of the family over the servant no longer exists in law or in fact, the pleasant features of the old relation continue; and they are of no little interest. The family takes a sincere interest in the welfare of its domestics,-almost such interest as would be shown in the case of poorer kindred. Formerly the family furnishing servants to a house. hold of higher rank, stood to the latter in the relation of vassal to liege-lord; and between the two there existed a real bond of loyalty and kindliness. The occupation of servant was then hereditary; children were trained for the duty from an early age. After the man-servant or maid-servant had arrived at a certain age, permission to marry was accordded; and the relation of service then ceased, but not the bond of loyalty. The children of the married servants would be sent, when old enough, to work in the house of the master, and would leave it only when the time also came for them to marry. Relations of this kind still exist between certain aristocratic families and former vassal-families, and conserve some charming tradiitons and customs of hereditary service, unchanged for hundreds of years. In feudal times, of course, the bond between master and servant was of the most serious kind; the latter being expected, in case of need, to sacrifice life and all else for the sake of the master or of the master's household. This also was the loyalty demanded of • the Greek and Roman domestic,-before there had yet come into existence that inhuman form of servitude which reduced the toiler to the condition of a beast of burden; and the relation was partly a religious one. There does not seen to have been in ancient Japan any custom corresponding to that, described by M. de Coulanges, of adopting the Greek or Roman servant into the household cult. But as the Japanese vassalfamilies furnishing domestic were, as vassals, necessarily attached to the clan-cult of their lord, the relation of the servant to the family was to some extent a religious bond . The reader will be able to understand, from the facts of this chapter, to what extent the individual was sacrificed to the family, as a religious body. From servant to master-up through all degrees of the household hierarchy-the law of duty was the same: obedience absolute to custom and tradition. The ancestral cult permitted no individual freedom: nobody could live according to his or her pleasure; every one had to live according to rule. The individual did not even have a legal existence;-the family was the unit of society. Even its patriarch existed in law as representative only,-responsible both to the living and the dead. His public responsibility, however, was not determined merely by civil law. It was determined by another religious bond,that of the ancestral cult of the clan or tribe; and this public form of ancestor-worship was even more exacting than the religion of the home. Special off er for only one month or until March 16, 1943 1 subscription to THE CITY GAZETTE .............. P2.00 1 City Map .............................................................. .50 P2.50 Both--only for ........................................................ P2.20 .[ 127 l THE CITY OFFIC·ES IN ACTION OFFICE OF THE MAYOR RELEASED WAR PRISONERS T HE release of prisoners of war was made possible through the generosity of the Imperial J apanese Forces as manifested in the Proclamation issued by the Commander-in-Chief on June 22, 1942, concerning the provisional release of wounded or sick . Filipino war prisoners. One thousand seventy four war prisoners belonging to the Manila Group were released from the concentration camp at Capas, Tarlac on July 3 and 4, 1942, and subseq\1-ently more war prisoners were likewise set free. A total of 9,032 war prisoners belonging to the Manila Group was released from July 3, 1942 to December 31, 1942 inclusive, as may be seen from the following statement of releases made during the said period: .(a) Number of prisoners released under Manila Group: July 3 and 4, 1942 ....................................................... . August 4 and 5, 1942 ................................................. . August 31, 1942 ........................................................... . September 21, 1942 ................................................... . September 26, 1942 ................................................... . October 3, 1942 ........................................................... . December 15, 1942 ..................................................... . December 24, 1942 ................................................... . Camp del Pilar ........................................................... . Rizal Group ................................................................. . Special and miscellaneous releases ....................... . 1,074 1,738 1,904 251 1,120 664 180 122 295 1,238 446 Total .................................................................... 9,032 (b) Prisoners whe automatically fell under Manila Group after the Mayor guaranteed for them: From the Bureau of Public Welfare.......................... 128 From provinces to Manila ...................................... ~....... 266 Total ................................................................. -..... 394 A considerable number of the families of the released war prisoners who, before the outbreak of the war, resided in the City of Manila, have moved to the provinces, hence this office granted permits upon guaranty of the Commissioner of the Interior or' the corresponding provincial governor or municipal mayor to the released war prisoners concerned to transfer their residence to their respective provinces. The following statement shows the total number of released war prisoners granted permits by this office to transfer their residence to the provinces: Statement of released war prisoners granted permits to transfer their residence from Manila to the province&. Provlnee Number of permit. iasued 1. Abra ............................................................................... 2. Agusan ..................................................................... . 3. Al bay ....................................................................... . 4. Baguio ............... -.................................................... . 5. Bataan ·······-···-·····························-················--········· 6. Ba tang as ................................................................. . 7. Bohol ....................................................................................... 8. Bulacan 9. Camarines Norte ................................................. . 10. Camarines Sur .................................................... .. 11. Capiz ....................................................................... . 12. Cagayan ................................................................. . 13. Cavite • ............................................................................... 14. Ce bu ......................................................................... . 15. Cotabato ................................................................. . 16. Davao ....................................................................... . 17. !locos Norte ...... ~ .................................................... . 18. !locos Sur ............................................................... . 19. Iloilo .................................. ~ ...................................... . 20. Isa be la ..................................................................... . 21. Laguna ......... , ........................................................... . 22. Lanao ....................................................................... . 23. La Union ..................................................... -.......... . 24. Leyte ....................................................................... . 25. Marinduque ........................................................... . 26. Mas bate .................................................................. .. 27. Mindoro : ................................................................. .. 28. Mt. Province ......................................................... . 29. Nueva Ecija ........................................................... . 30. Nueva Vizcaya ..................................................... . 31. Occ. Misamis ......................................................... . 32. Or. Misamis ........................................................... . 33. Occ. N egros ........................................................... . 34. Or. Negros ........... :···· .. ····················· ...................... . 35. Pala wan ................................................................... . 36. Pampanga ............................................................... . 37. Pangasinan ................................ -........................... . 38. Rizal ................................... -.................................... . 39. Romblon ................... -.................... -...................... . 40. Samar ···········-·-················-···· .. ·····-·· .. ························ 41. Sorsogon .................................................................. . 42. Surigao ....................... -.......................................... . 43. Tar lac .................................... -.............................. -.. . 44. Tayabas ........................................... _ ...................... . 45. Zam bales ................................................................. . 46. Zamboanga ............................................................. . 12 2 89 3 16 20 4 22 38 100 33 60 18 22 1 1 31 47 10 70 35 4 62 123 43 7 94 12 96 40 8 g 36 0 14 18 17' 37 s 9 7! 2 19 123 26 0 Total ......................................... ........................... 1, 760 Similarly, provincial released war prisoners who later on found living conditions in the provinces difficult or whose families have transferred to the city have been allowed to reside in Manila upon guaranty of the Mayor of Manila. A total of 385 released war prisoners from the different provinces have transferred their residence to Manila. Likewise, this office and the Office of the City Health Officer granted permits to several released war prisoners to visit their respective provinces for not more than one week for the purpose of searching for their respective families, parents or relatives. A total of nine hundred forty-two (1942) permits have been issued up to the period ending December 31, 1942. Lately, however, this office has limited the issuance of such permits to special cases only which justify the granting of these permits. Measures to Insure Health and Well-Being One of the problems of the city authorities is the preservation of the health and well-being of the Manila released, war prisoners, the majority of whom were, upon their release, 'Suffering from malaria, dysentery and other infectious diseases. The city had to devise ways and means not only to insure the health and well-being of the released war prisoners but also to prevent the outbreak of epidemic. For this purpose, forty-two health centers established in the different parts of the the city which are centrally located in various districts have been assigned to take care of them. A staff of competent physicians, dentists, nurses· and assistant social workers have been detailed to each and every health center to attend to this service. All the released war prisoners reporting to our health centers are physically examined and those fou~d suffering from certain diseases, especially malaria, are given quinine, totaquina and quinine urea hydrochloride injections. They are also referred to the Sari Lazaro Hospital for blood examination and those suffering from dysentery and other irifectious I diseases are referred to that hospital for treatment. The released war prisoners suffering from minor ailments are treated in the health centers. Their homes are visited from time to time by our physicians, nurses, and assistant social workers to attend to their needs. A total of four thousand seven hundred sixty ( 4,760) released war prisoners are reporting weekly to our different health centers, as follows: 1. Walled City ........................................................ 154 2. Ermita .............. ~................................................... 191 3. Mala te .................................................................... 207 4. Singalong '······························································ 203 5. Paco ...................................................................... 214 6. Sases ...................................................................... 99 7. Panda can .............................................................. 53 8. Sta. Ana ................................................................ 148 9. Punta .................................................................... 10 10. Sampaloc ................... ~.......................................... 375 11. Geronimo ............................................................ 301 12. Balic-Balic ···-····················-···········-·-··················· 13. Sta. Mesa ........................................................... . 14. Sta. Cruz ···········-·················-·-········--···-···········-···· 15. Quiapo ................................................................. . 16. San Miguel.··········-··············································· 17. Dimasalang ··-·-··-·······-·-········-···························-··· 18. Balut ..................................................................... . 19. Velasquez ........................................................... . 20. Gagalafigin ......................................................... . · 21. Barrio Obrero ................................................... . 22. Manuguit ............................................................. . 23. Tayabas ········-······················································· 24. Aurora ................................................................. . 25. Dagupan ............................................................. . 26. Dona Aurora ..................................................... . 27. Bilbao ................................................................... . 28. Meisic ................................................................... . 29. San Nicolas ....................................................... . 30. Galas ................................................................... . 31. La Loma ............................................................. . 32. Diliman ·····················································;·········· 33. San Francisco ................................................... . 34. San Juan ............................................................. . 35. Caloocan ............................................................. . 36. N ovaliches ........................................... ~ ............. . 37. Marina ................................................................. . 38. Mandaluyong .. : .................................................. . 39. Pasay ................................................................... . 40. Parafiaq ue ......................................................... . 41. Cubao ...... ~ ....................................................... .' .... . 42. Tenement 90 116 388 162 11 107 12 29 198 29 34 61 39 45 72 100 113 129 54 40 1 21 152 50 3 10 84 386 67 94 8 Tptal ............................ :................................... 4, 760 Assistance in the Matter of Employment A survey made by our assistant social workers after their visits to the homes of the released war prisoners revealed that a good number of them were indeed in want. Their families had barely enough to live on, most of them depending only upon the charity of friends and relatives. To remedy this situation our assistant social workers have assisted them in securing employment compatible with their training, experience and ability. A total of one hundred eleven (111) released war prisoners were employed in the government service; twenty-four (24) in Nippon firms; and ~ight hundred thirty-two (832) in private firms. Some of them were given work under relief funds and others were referred to our Placement Office for employment. About sixty five physicians, eight engineers, four dentists are now in the service of the health centers and hundreds of them were employed as laborers in the Office of the Sanitary Engineer. The released war prisoners housed in our health ceners are given clothing. They are also provided with recreation centers. In these recreation centers they are given coffee, tea, sugar, cigarretes and other articles of prime necessities donated by civic spirited citizens of the community. [129] OFFICE OF THE CITY TREASURER Re Residence Tax T HE following is• published in response to numerous inquiries by telephone made on the City Treasurer's Office: (1) The basic residence tax for the current year is Pl. The additional residence tax is Pl for every P500 of gross income realized from salaries, or business, or occupation, or other sources generally during the calendar year 1942, and Pl for . every P2,500 of assessed value of real property as of December 31, 1942. "Gross income", in the case of merchandising business, has the same meaning as under the Income Tax Law. (2) Both the basic and the additional tax may ·be paid without penalty until April 30, 1943. The basic tax may be paid ahead of the additional tax. (3) To pay the basic tax, the taxpayer need not come to the City Treasurer's Office personally. He may secure a certificate ·through another person provided that he send his last residence certificate "A". If the taxpayer is delinquent for any year or years, residence certificates for such years should be secured, together with the 1943 certificate. ( 4) Persons exempt from payment of the residence tax may, nevertheless, secure an optional certificate (Class D), which costs P0.50. (5) Persons securing residence certificates in Manila for the first time, including those who secured their certificates for previous years in the provinces, are required to come in person, unless some other arrangement has been made with the Office of the City Treasurer. (6) In the case of offices or firms with large numbers of employees, the heads or managers of such firms may either make arrangements with the Office of t~e City Treasurer for the sending of a special collector to their place of business, or they may send the last !esidence certificates "A" of their employees to the City Treasurer's Office as provided in (3). Residence certificates "B", however, will, for the present, be issued only in the City Treasurer's Office. (7) Forms for statement of income and real property for residence certificate "B" may be secured from the Office of the City Treasurer on request. Any further information concerning the residence tax will be gladly furnished by the Office of the City Treasurer (Telephones 2-99-80, ~-42-55, 2-25-28). • VICTOR ALFONSO City Treasurer OFFICE OF THE CITY ASSESSOR F OR the last four weeks, particular attention has been given to the preparation of the tax rolls which have to be submitted on or before May 1, 1943. The tax rolls for all the municipalities incorporated, namely, Pasay, Caloocan, San Juan, Makati, Mandaluyong, and Parafiaque, have been completed and are at present being checked with the tax registers submitted by the Provincial Assessor of Rizal for the previous years. Preparatory notations and revisions necessary before actually beginning on the tax rolls for the districts that formerly comprised the City of Manila have been made. Considerable progress is to be noted with regards to the preparation of the tax rolls for the former districts of San Lazaro, Sampaloc, Sta. Ana, and Port Area, the last having been completed. The University district tax list of Diliman is finished and the duplicates are already in the making. The following figures give in detail the assessment work performed up to this time: P'1'epa'1'ation of the Tax Rolls No. of pages Unit of district r----->---, Com- Duppleted plicated Pasay ............................................................... . 298 ·····-······ 285 ····-······· Caloocan . ............................................................... . 179 ······-····· ·san Juan .................................................................. Makati ............................................................... . 133 ............. Mandaluyong .............................................. .. 113 . ............ Paraii.aque ..................................................... . 191 .............. San Lazaro .................................................. .. 37 20 Sampaloc II .................................................. .. 24 16 Sta. Ana ......... ~ ............................................... . 21 20 University, Diliman .................................. .. 46 .............. Miscellaneous No. Value New improvements assessed ................... . 5 P16,660 Old improvements cancelled ..................... . 14 58,450 Transfers authorized ................................ .. 31 510,685 MANILA, February 1, 1943. JULIO FRANCIA City Assessor • OFFICE OF THE CITY HEALm OFFICER ON January 1, 1943, the City Department of Health and Welfare launched an all-out offensive against insanitary places of the City of Manila. A clean-up year contest was started among the twelve districts of the City of Manila to make this metropolis the cleanest city in the Philippines and · one of the most sanitary in Greater East Asia. All personnel of the office from District supervisors, physicians, nurses, sanitary inspectors and down to the lowest laborers were fully mobilized for this campaign. District associations, neighborhood associations and ladies' associations were all instructed by the Mayor to help place the whole City of Manila on par with the cleanest cities in the Orient, like Tokyo. To give impetus to this movement the Mayor has set aside a certain sum of money to be awarded to the first, second, and third cleanest districts of the city at the end of February, of June and of December of this year, such prizes to be spent in projects to improve the conditions of the winI.130 l ning districts. An appeal to every city family and home has been sounded by the City Health Officer so that the Mayor could realize his dream of making Manila clean, beautiful and safe. This intensive campaign in cleanliness is only one of the many activities of the Office of the City Health Officer for this month. For the past few weeks now, the distribution of milk at nominal prices to mothers, babies and deserving cases, has been going on. Considering the scarcity of this commodity, its prohibitive price when the cost of living is high and the wages of the average family have been substantially reduced, one can fully realize the benefits which the needy public derives from this activity. This milk was offered to the City by the Japanese Military Administration at nominal price. Our thanks go to them for this benevolent act. In distributing this commodity, we always see to it that low salaried families buy them by the cans and indigents get them free. Incidentally, this distribution of milk has helped much in our search and campaign for unregistered babies, birth registration being a prerequisite to getting milk. A general campaign for the registration of births is another activity embarked upon by the Office of the City Health Officer this year. We hope to reach that maximum point wherein all births, regardless of race or nationality shall have been registered in our office. It seems quite surprising that previous to this campaign, registration of babies and newly-born children has been so lightly taken by the families concerned. The fact that birth registration is considered indispensable in the future when a child reaches the age of maturity, either in securing employment, taking civil service examination, going abroad, embarking on the ship of matrimony, and exercising civil rights in various forms, should make us realize how important our campaign for registration of unregistered babies is to the city in particular, and to the nation in general. The following data taken from the Division of Epidemiology and Vital Statistics of our department, demonstrates our success along this line. During the month of December, 1942, when the campaign was not yet started, the total number of births registered for the month was only 1, 789, but when we intensified our campaign for birth registration, the figure rose to 2,214; the increase being 425 or 19.2 per cent. The third activity of the health office worth mentioning is the establishment of lupanars in the City of Manila. In previous years there has always been a clamor for the revival of these places so as to effect better control and treatment of social diseases. It was unfortunate, however, for the health of the community that while the majority of the citizens were at heart in favor of their reestablishment the few oppositionists who argued against them on the basis of morality and religion were able to sway the opinion of the government authorities, so much so that there has never beea any real government controlled houses, although these houses have always existed in .the city. In previous years, all efforts by health authorities to control or at least diminish the prevalence of social disease, have always failed. With the establishment of these controlled places and of a venereal disease section and a public health laboratory, we expect to control the prevalence of venereal diseases in the city within a relatively shorter time. The fourth activity of the office is the tuberculin testing of all absent and newly enrolled pupils of the city schools. During October and November of last year, the school physicians and nurses under the guidance of Japanese health authorities made the first series of tuberculin injections among the school pupils of the city schools. The results showed that out of a total of 16,234 pupils who were given these injections, 4,252 pupils or 26.19 per cent have been in contact with and were infected by tuberculous persons. The percentage of affected school children by districts were as follows: Bagumbayan, 23.69 per cent; Bagungdiwa, 15.18 per cent; Bagumpanahon, 23.16 per cent; Bagumbuhay, 37.36 per cent; Balintawak, 20.76 per cent; San Juan, 43.59 per cent; Caloocan, 43.36 per cent; Mandaluyong, 18.78 per cent; Makati, 9.97 per cent; Pasay, 34.08 per cent; Parafiaque, 6.63 per cent. The average percentage of all the districts is 26.19 per cent. These results show that more than one-fourth of the total city school pupils are infected (although not necessarily sick) with this dreadful disease. The importance of this data cannot be underestimated inasmuch as these children who are apparently in good health may sooner or later exhibit active symptoms of the disease either due to undernourishment, overexercise or improper care and. training on the part of their parents. It is of utmost importance therefore, that close follow-up should be given to these children n.ot only for the purpose of saving their lives but also for the purpose of preventing them from transmitting the disease to others. The second series of tuberculin test which is being performed at present among absent and newly-enrolled pupils and also among adolescents . and adult students in the private universities will further show us how many of our student population belong to this type. We shall appraise the public of our results from time to time in order that they may realize how serious tuberculosis is in our city and to our nation and more so, in order that they may cooperate with us in all measures which. we may deem wise to take in combating and eradicating this problem. MARIANO c. lcASIANO City Health Officer [ 131] c I T y L E G KAUTUSANG BLG. 3 NA NAGTATADHANA NG PAGPAPATALA NG MGA TAONG NAGMAMAY-ARl NG MGA NAKATINGGAL NA GAM6T AT KAGAMITAN ·sA PANGGAGAM6T, AT NG MGA MAY-ARI NG BOTIKA AT MANGANGALAKAL NG MGA GAM6T, AT NG PAGHAHARAP NG TALAARIAN NG LAHAT NG MGA GAM6T AT PANINDA NG BOTIKA, PATf NG MGA GAMIT AT KASANGKAPAN SA PANGGAGAM6T, AT NAGTATADHANA NG MGA PARUSA SA PAGLABAG DITO. SAPAGKA'T ang gam6t, gaya ng pagkain, ay toto6ng kailangan sa pagpapan;;itili ng kalusugan ng bawa't tao at ng kagalingan ng madla at sa pag-iingat at paggam.6t sa mga sakit; SAPAGKA'T ang pagtatago ng mga gam.6t at ng iba pang kailangang mga kagamitan sa panggagam.6t ay sinasadya ng mga taong gumagawa, namamahagi at nagbibili ng mga gam6t at iba pang yaring ukol sa parmasya, sa hangad na makapagsamantala at ·makinabang nang malaki, kahit na ang ganit6'y nakapipinsala sa madla; SAPAGKA'T may mga taong sa hangad na biglaang magsiyam.an, sukdang makapinsala sa buhay ng kanilang mga kapuwa, ay gumagawa ng mapapanganib na paghahalo sa mga gam6t at .sa mga yaring pa, ninda sa botika at gayon din ng mga huwad na gam.6t, at ipinagbibili it6 na parang tunay; at SAPAGKA'T kinakailangang ang Pamahalaan ay magmaingat at magkadaang masubaybayang mabuti ang mga kilusang hinggil sa pagbibili, pamamahagi, paggawa at paghahanda ng mga gam6t at ng mga niyaring iba pang paninda sa botika, at magkaro6n din nam.an ng daang makilala ang dami ng mga gam6t na magagamit sa Siyudad, sang-ayon sa pangangailangan ng mga mamamayan dito, upang makapagpairal ng nangababagay na pamalakad na hinihingi ng mga pangyayari; Dahil diyan, Sa bisa ng kapangyarihang kalo6b sa aking pagkaAlkalde ng Siyudad ng Maynila, at matapos makasangguni sa Lupon ng Siyudad, ay ipinag-uutos na: TUNTUNING 1. Pangangailangang magpatala at maghartip ng talaarian ( inventario) .-Sino mang taong may itinatago o pagkalagda nit6'y magtago rig mga gam6t at ng mga gamit at kasangkapan sa pangga-: gam6t, maging ginagamit sa hanapbuhay ng panggagam6t maging ipinagbibili sa madla, at sino mang taong nagmamay-ari, namamahala o nagpapalakad ng isang botika, parmasya, laboratoryo, pagamutan, o alin mang ibang pagawaan o tindahang yumayari, naghahanda at o nagbibili sa madla ng gam6t at iba pang mga paninda sa botika, sa pamamagitan nit6 I s L A T I 0 N ay inaatasang magpatala at magharap sa Pinuno ng Kalinisan ng Siyudad ng isang bu6ng talaan ng mga nasabing gam6t, kagamitan at kasangkapan, sa paraang itinatakda sa dakong ibaba nit6: · Nguni'y dapat matalastas, Na ang pagiingat ng mga gam6t at kagamitang labis sa katamtamang pangangailangan ng taong nag-iingat at ng kanyang mag-anak, ay ipalalagay na paglalaan para sa hanapbuhay na panggagam6t o upang maipagbili sa madla. Bawa't magpatala ay magbabayad ng buwis na dalawang piso sa lngatyaman ng Siyudad. TUNT. lKA-2. Paano ang gagawin.-Ang pagpapatala ay gagawin sa isang inihandang palasulatan sa bagay na it6 ng Pinuno ng Kalinisan ng Siyudad, at kasasaaran ng mga bagay-bagay na maaaring hingin ng nasabing pinuno, na may patibay ng Alkalde. Sa talaan ay dapat mapalakip hindi lamang ang mga gam6t, kasangkapan at balanang kagamitang itinatanghal sa madla, kundi pati ng mga iniingatang nakaligpit o nangasa-pintungan o sa alin mang taguan. TUNT. lKA-3. Araw ng pagpapatala.-Ang pagpapatala at paghaharap ng talaariang hinihingi rito ay dapat gawin ng mga pagawaan at tindahang bukas sa petsang ipagkakabisa ng Kautusang it6, nang hindi lalagpas sa tatlumpung araw sapfil sa nasabing petsa. Pagkapagharap ng unang talaarian ay dapat gumawa ng ibang talaan sa tuwing ikaitlong buwan, at ihaharap it6ng gaya ng nakatakda sa unahan. TUNT. lKA-4. Parusa sa lumabag.-Sino mang taong lumabag sa alin mang tadhana ng Kautusang it6 o magbigay ng lisyang pahayag o ulat sa pagpapatala o sa talaang itinatakda rito, ay parilrusahan ng pagkabilanggong hindi hihigit sa anim sa buwan o ng isang multang hindi hihigit sa dalawang daang piso o ng magkalaping multa at pagkabilanggo, ayon sa marapatin ng HUkuman. Inilagda sa Siyudad ng Maynila ngay6ng ika-10 araw ng Setyembre, 1.942. (May-lagda) LEON G. GUINTO Alkalde • KAUTUSANG BLG. 6 NA NAGTATAKDA NG IISA LAMANG PATAKARANG-BUWfS SA PAGKAKATAY NG MGA HAYOP SA LAHAT NG SADYANG PAKATAYAN SA SIYUDAD NG MAYNILA. Sa bisa ng kapangyarihang kalo6b sa aking pagkaAlkalde ng Siyudad ng Maynila, at matapos makasangguni sa Lupon ng Siyudad, ay ipinag-uutos na: TUNTUNING 1. Halaga ng singil.-Dapat patawan at singilan ang bawa't kil6gramo ng karne pati dila, atay at iba pang mga bahagi ng katawan ng bawa't [ 182] hayop na katayin sa mga sa.dyang pakatayan sa Siyudad ng lV.faynHa, ng isa:1.g pabuwis na halagang tatlo at ka.kha;_~ng s~n.timos, buk5d sa unang pagbaJ::>ayaran at sisingiling limampung sentimos sa mga lamang-lo6b ng bawa't kinatay na kalabaw, apatnapung sentimos kung sa baka at kabayo, at dalawampu't limang sentimos kung sa baboy. TUNT. IKA-2. Pagbabayad ng buwis.-Waiang karne, lamang-lo6b o ibang bahagi ng katawan ng hayop na maaaring mailabas sa pakatayan hanggang hindi napagbabayaran ang buwis na itinatakda rito: Nguni'y dapat matalastas, ·Na walang buwis na sisingilin. sa isang hayop na ipinasiyang may-sakit ng beterinaryong katiwala ng pamahalaan. TUNT. IKA-3. Paniningil.-Ang mga buwis na itinatakda rito ay dapat singilin ng Ingat-yaman ng Siyudad nang aybn sa paraang iniaatas ng Alkalde. Lahat ng buwis na masingil sa bisa ng Kaut~sang it6 ay ilalagak araw-araw sa Ingatang-yaman ng Siyudad. TUNT. IKA-4. Pagpapawalcing-bisa sa mga salungcit na kautuscin ng Siyudad at ng munisipyo.-Ang mga bahagi ng umiiral na mga kautusang-siyudad at kautusang-munisipyo na may pagkasalungat sa mga tadhana ng Kautusang it6 ay pinawawalang-bisa. Inilagda sa Siyudad ng Maynila ngay6ng ika-29 na araw ng Setyembre, 1942. I (May-lagda) LEoN G. GumTo Alkalde • KAUTUSANG BLG. 8 NA NAG-AATAS SA MGA TAONG BUHAT SA MGA LALAWIGAN NA PATALA SA MAYNILA KUNG ANG KANILANG PAGPARITO AY UPANG MANIRAHANG PANSAMANTALA 0 PALAGIAN, AT NAGTATADHANA NG PARUSA SA LUMABAG. Sa bisa ng kapangyarihang kalo6b sa aking pagkaAlkalde ng Siyudad ng Maynila, at matapos makasangguni sa Lupon ng Siyudad, ay ipinag-uutos na: TUNTUNING 1. Lahat ng taong hindi talagang naninirahan sa Maynila. na pumarito sa Siyudad upang manirahan nang pansamantala o palagian, ay inaatasan sa pamamagitan nit6 na magpatala sa lo6b ng apatnapu't wal6ng oras pagdating, sa Tanggapan ng Kostabularya Metropolitana sa City Hall o sa alin ~ang sangang-himpilan ng Pulisya ng Siyudad, na ibibigay ang kanyang pangalan, pati ng mpa ibang pamagat sa kanya kung mayro6n; gulang; kalagayang sibil; bilang, bayan at araw ng katibayan sa paninirahan (residence tax); tahanan sa lalawigan; tahanan sa Siyudad; bayang sinilangan; hanapbuhay; lugal na pinaghahanapbuhayan, kung mayro6n; !along malapit na kamag-anak o tagakandili at ang tahanan nit6; pangalan ng pinuno ng mag-anak na kanyang kinatitirhan sa Siyudad; layon · ng paninirahan sa Siyudad; at araw humigit-kumulang ng pag-alfs upang bumalik sa lalawigan. Sakaling bata o may sakit o may kapinsalaan sa katawan, ang pagpapatala sa kanyang pangalan ay dapat gawin ng kanyang kasa.ma na may karampatang gulang, kung mayroon, at kung warn ng ganit6ng kasama, ay ng pinuno o ng isang may pananagulang kabilang sa mag-anak na tinitirhan sa Siyudad ng nasabing bata 0 may sakit 0 may kapinsalaang tao. Kung ang nasabing tao ay hindi naninirahan sa alin mang mag-anak sa Siyudad kundi siya'y nangungupahan sa isang silid o bahay, ang pinangungupahan o ang kinatawan nit6 ay siyang gagawa ng pagpapatala. ' Sa layon ng Kautusang it6, ang pinuno ng isang pagamutan, dormitoryo o parusahan ay ipalalagay na pinuno ng mag-anak. TUNT. IKA-2. Sa lo6b ng dalawang araw na makaalis ang isang tao sa Maynila upang bumalik sa pinagbuhatang lalawigan, ay tungkulin ng pinuno ng mag-anak na kanyang tinahanan sa Siyudad o ng may-ari ng bahay na kanyang tinirhan, sangayon sa pangyayari, na magbigay-alam ng gay6ng pag-alis sa Tanggapan ng Kostabular~a Metropolitana sa City Hall o sa sangang-himpilan ng Pulisya na pinagpatalaang una. TUNT. IKA-3. Sino mang tao na lumabag sa alin mang tadhana ng Kautusang it6 ay parurusahan ng isang multang hindi hihigit sa limampung piso o ng pagkabilanggong hindi hihigit sa isang buwan, o ng nasabing multa at pagkabilanggo, ayon sa marapatin ng HUkuman. TUNT. IKA-4. Ang Kautusang it6 ay magkakabisa agad. Inilagda sa Siyudad ng Maynila, Pilipinas, ngay6ng ika-29 na araw ng Setyembre, 1942. (May-lagda) LEON G. GUINTO Alkalde • KAUTUSANG BLG. 11 NA NAGPAPATAW NG BUWiS SA PAHINTULOT SA HANAPBUHAY NA PAGGILING NG BIGAS, MAIS, KAMOTENG-KAHOY 0 ALiN MANG IBANG URI NG MGA GALAPUNGING BUTIL 0 NG LAMANG-LUPA., 0 SA HANAPBUHAY NA PAGLULUTo SA HURNO 0 mANG LUTUAN NA GAMIT ANG NASABING MGA GALAP6NG 0 LAMANG-LUPA., GAYA NG PUTO, PUTUBUMBONG, KUTSINTA, BIBINGKA, BITSUBITSO, BUTSE, 0 AN6 MANG URi NG MAM6N 0 BISKUWiT UPANG IPAGBILf. Sa bisa ng kapangyarihang kalo6b sa aking pagkaAlkalde ng Siyudad ng Maynila, at matapos makasangguni sa Lupon ng Siyudad, ay ipinag-uutos sa pamamagitan nit6 na: TuNTUNING 1. Labag sa kautusan na sino mang tao ay maghanapbuhay o mamuhunan sa hanapbuhay na paggiling ng bigas, mais, kamoteng-kahoy o an6 mang uri ng mga galapunging butil o lamang-lupa, o sa pagluluto . sa hurno o ibang lutuan, na gamit ang [ 133] nasabing mga galap6ng 0 lamang-lupa, gaya ng puto,. putubumbong, kutsinta, blbingka, bitsubitso, butse o an6 mang uri ng mam6p. o biskuwft, upang ipagbiH, nang hindi muna nakakukuha sa lngatyaman ng Siyudad ng isang ukol na pahintulot. TUNT. IKA-2. Ang pahintulot na hinihingi rito ay dapat gawfn at ipagkaloob sa sino mang tao, pagkapagbayad na pauna ng isang taunang buwfs sangayon sa sumusun6d na patakaran: PANGKAT 1.-Paggiling ng bigcis, ma-ts, kamotengkahoy o ng alin mang ibang uri ng butil o lamanglupa upang gawing galapong at maipagbili. Uring A. Sa gumagamit ng gilingangbat6 o· alfn mang balangkaw (aparato) o kasangkapang pinakikilos ng makinang may 3 o mahigft na kabayong-lakas ............ P120.00 s. t. Uring B. Sa gumagamit ng gilingangbat6 o alfn mang balangkaw o kasangkapang pinakikilos ng makinang walang 3 kabayong-lakas ................................................ 60.00 s. t. Uring K. Sa gumagamit ng gilingangbat6 o aHn mang balan~aw o kasangka. pang pinakikilos ng lakas ng tao ................ 12.00 s. t. PANGKAT II.-Paggiling ng bigcis, mais, kamoteng-kahoy o ng alin mang ibcing uri ng butil o lamang-lupa, at ginagawcing puto, bitsubitso, butse o an6 mang url ng mam6n o biskuwit nang mciramihan upang ipagbili nang pakyawan at tingian o sa pakyawan lamang: Uring A. Sa gumagamit ng gilingangbat6, balangkaw o kasangkapang pinakikilos ng alfn mang urf ng makina ................ P30.00 s. t. Uring B. Sa gumagamit ng gilingangbat6, balangkaw o kasangkapang pinakikilos ng lakas ng tao ........................................ 20.00 s. t. PANGKAT III.-Paggiling ng bigcis, mais, kamotengkahoy o ng alin mang ibang uri ng butil o lamanglupa, at ginagawcing puto, putubumbong, kutsinta bibingka, kalamay 0 alin mang katulad ng mamon (cake) , upcing ipagbili nang tingian lamang: Uring A. Sa gumagamit ng mahigit sa 3 gilingang-bat6 ......................................... ,............ Pl0.00 s. t. Uring B. Sa gumagamit ng 3 gilingangbat6 .......................................................................... 5.00 s. t. Uring K. Sa gumagamit ng 2 gilingangbat6 ......................................................................... . 2.00 s. t. Uring D. Sa gumagamit ng 1 gilingangbat6 ......................................................................... . 1.00 s. t. PANGKAT IV.-Paggawa, pagluluto ng puto, bitsubitso, butse o ng alin mang uri ng mam6n o biskuwit na maramihan upcing ipagbili, na gumagamit ng bigcis, mais, kamoteng-kahoy, o ng alin mang ibang galapong, na_ binili o n<itam6 mulci sa ibang tao. Uring A. Sa nagbibiH nang pakyawan at tfngian o sa pakyawan lamang ........................ P30.00 s. t. Uring B. Sa nagbibiH nang tfngian lamang ..................................................................... :.. 20.00 s. t. TuNT. IKA-3. Ang buwfs sa pahintulot na natatakdi sa sinundang tuntunin ay mababayaran nang taunan, tuwfng anim na buwan o tuwfng tatlong buwan, sangayon sa maibigan ng nagbabayad ng buwis. TUNT. IKA-4. Sino mang taong lumabag sa alin mang tadhana ng Kautusang it6 ay parurusahan ng isang multang hindi hihigit sa dalawang daang piso o ng pagkabilanggong hindi hihigit sa anim na buwan, o ng magkalakip na multa at pagkabilanggo, sang-ayon sa marapatin ng HUkuman. TuNT. lKA-5. Ang kabuuan o ang bahagi ng alfn mang kautusan ng Siyudad ng Maynilang umiiral ngay6n sa mga po6k na napapaloob sa Siyudad ng Maynila, na sumasalungat sa mga itinatadhana nit6, ay pinawawalang-bisa. TuNT. lKA-6. Ang Kautusang it6 ay magkakabisa sa unang araw ng Enero, 1943. · Inilagda sa Siyudad ng Maynila, ngay6ng ika-16 ng Oktubre, 1942. (May-lagda) LEON G. GUINTO Alkalde • KAUTUSANG BLG. 12 NA BUMABAGO SA TUNTUNING ANIM NA RA.AN WALUMPU'T DALAWA NG SINURING MGA KAUTUSAN NG SIYUDAD NG MAYNILA. AT NAGDARAGDAG NG TAUNANG PABUWiS SA LAHAT NG PAHINTULOT NA IPINAGKAKAL06B SA IS.ANG PAGAWAAN NG BISIKLETA HANGGANG APATNAPUNG PISO IS.ANG TA6N. Sa bisa ng kapangyarihang kalo6b sa aking pagkaAlkalde ng Siyudad ng Maynila, at matapos makasangguni sa Lupon ng Siyudad, ay ipinag-uutos sa pamamagitan nit6 na: TUNTUNING 1. Ang talatang 1 ng tuntuning 682 ng mga Sinuring Kautusan ng Siyudad ng Maynila ay binabago sa pamamagitan nit6 upang basahing gaya ng sumusun6d: "TuNT. IKA-682. Buwis.-Magbabayad sa bawa't pahintulot na ipagkalo6b sa bawa't "livery stable", gaya ng itinatadhana sa pangkat na it6, ng halagang labinlimang piso sa isang ta6n; sa bawa't sangay o tanggapan ng "livery stable" o iba pang silungan ng mga paupahang sasakyan, gaya ng niHliwanag sa pangkat na it6, ng halagang labindalawang piso; at baw't pagawaan ng bisikleta, ng halagang apatnapung piso sa isang ta6n. Ang pahintulot na ipinagkaloob sa isang "livery stable" ay ukol lamang sa kina.Ialagyan; at ang bawa't sasakyan at isang kabayong isinisilong diyan, ay dapat ipagbayad ng halagang labindalawang piso sa isang ta6n; at bawa't kabayong maragdag ay ipagbabayad ng halagang dalawang piso isang ta6n; at bawa't sasakyang kabayong pinauupahan ay ipagbabayad ng halagang anim na piso sa isang ta6n. Ang pahintulot na ipinagkaloob sa isang pangmadlang "livery stable" [ 134] o sa lSallg sangay o tanggapan ng isang "livery stable" ay nauukol sa kinalalagyan at dapat na hiwalay sa pahintulot na hinihingi para sa bawa't sasakyang ginagamit na paupahan sa madla. Sa pahintulot na ipinagkalo6b sa isang pagawaan ng bisikleta ay hindi kasama ang pag-iingat ng alfn mang sasakyan o kabayong paupahan sa madla: Nguni'y dapat matalastas, Na walang an6 mang nasasaad sa pangkat na it6ng ipalalagay na nagbabawal ng pagbubukas ng isang "livery stable" at isang "garage" sa po6k ding napagkalooban na ng mga pahintulot para sa "livery stable" at "garage". TuNT. IKA-2. Ang Kautusang it6 ay magkakabisa sa unang araw ng Enero, 1943. ' Inilagda sa Siyudad ng Maynila, ngay6ng ika-6 na araw ng Oktubre, 1942. (May-lagda) LEON G. GUINTO Alkalde • KAUTUSA.NG BLG. 14 NA NAGBABAWAL NG PAGBIBILf 0 PAGTATANGHAL UPANG IPAGBILf ANG ALfN MANG URI NG NILUTo 0 HINDI NILUTONG PAGKAIN 0 ALAK 0 fNUMING PAMPALAMfG SA L06B NG ALfN MANG LfBINGAN SA SIYUDAD NG MAYNIL.A, AT PARA SA !BANG LAYUNfN. Sa bisa ng kapangyarihang kalo6b sa aking pagkaAlkalde ng Siyudad ng Maynila, at matapos makasangguni sa Lupon ng Siyudad, ay ipinag-uutos na: TuNTUNING 1. Labag sa kautusan na ang sino mang tao ay magbili o magtanghal upang ipagbili ang alfn mang uri ng luto o hindi lutong pagkain o alak o inuming pampalamig sa lo6b ng alin mang libingan sa Siyudad. TUNT. IKA-2. Sino mang taong lumabag sa Kautusang it6, pagkatapos mapatunayan ang pagkakasala, To GAZETTE Readers: ay parilrusahan ng iscing multang hifidi hihigit sa dalawang daang piso o ng pagkabilanggong hindi hihigft sa anim na buwan, o ng tinurang multa at pagkabilanggo, sang-ayon sa marapa'in ng HUkuman. TuNT. IKA-3. Ang Kautusang it6 ay magkakabisa mula sa ika-24 ng Oktubre, 1942. Inilagda sa Siyudad ng Maynila, ngay6ng ika-6 na araw ng Oktubre, 1942. (May-lagda) LEON G. GuINTo Alkalde • KAUTUSANG BLG. 15 NA NAGBABAWAL NG PAGTUGTUG NG MUSIKA SA L06B NG ALfN MANG LfBINGAN SA MAYNILA, AT PARA SA IBANG LAYUNfN. Sa bisa ng kapangyarihang kalo6b sa aking pagkaAlkalde ng Siyudad ng Maynila, at matapos makasangguni sa Lupon ng Siyudad; ay ipinag-uutos na: TUNTUNING 1. Labag sa kautusan na ang sino mang tao o pulut6ng ng mga tao ay tumugtog ng alin mang uri ng tugtugin o musika para sa an6 mang layunin samantalang nasa-loob ng nasasakupan ng alin mang libingan sa Siyudad ng Maynila, maliban ang pag·tugtog 0 pag-awit na nauukol sa isang "ceremonia" o "rito" sa paglilibfng o pagpaparangal sa isiing bangkay ng tao. TuNT. IKA-2. Sino mang taong lumabag sa tadhana ng Kautusang it6, pagkatapos mapatunayan ang pagkakasala, ay parurusahan ng isang multang hindi hihigit sa isang daang piso o ng pagkabilanggong hindi hihigit sa tatlong buwan o ng magkalakfp na multa at parusa, sang-ayon sa marapatin ng Hukuman. TUNT. IKA-3. Ang Kautusang it6 ay magkakabisa pagkatapos na mapagtibay. Inilagda sa Siyudad ng Maynila, ngay6ng ika-6 ng Oktubre, 1942. (May-lagda) LEON G. GUINTO Alkalde We are putting out limited re-issue edition of the City Gazette Vol. I-No. 1 and No. 2, on March 1, 1943. First Come, First Served. [ 135] CITY NEIGHBORHOOD ASSOCIATIONS The N eig~~orhood Asso~jations are a practical enterprise in neighborliness and peace. No activity ~f !'urs has so impressed us with its significance knitting us together into closer fellowship in the in!erest of the common weal. We .shall, greater than ever, ha'!e need of peac': and order if we are to go about our individual and1 common tasks, filling out the new improved pattern of life which we have set for ourselves as an integral part of that greater community which is East Asia. RULES AND REGULATIONS REGARDING THE DETAIL OF GUARDS FOR DUTY IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD ASSOCIATIONS 1. Supplementing Rule 6, Par. 1 of the Rules and Regulations governing District Associations, and unless otherwise changed or modified by subsequent orders of the Metropolitan Constabulary Commander, the 24 hours of service of the members of the neighborhood associations in and within the jurisdiction of the City of Manila shall be divided into three periods of 8 hours each, to be known as tour of duty. The first period shall be from 8: 00 a. m. to 4: 00 p. m.; the second period, from 4: 00 p. m. to 12: 00 midnight; and thi:rd period from 12: 00 midnight to 8: 00 a. m., the following day. 2. 'I'hat all members of the neighborhood associations called upon to render patrol service pursuant to the existing provisions of Executive Order No. 77, shall be divided into three shifts and shall render ~ervice within the period described in Par. 1 hereof. 3. That it shall be the duty of the leader to assemble the patrol guards called upon to rerider service at least ~ hour before being posted in the different points or given the corresponding assignments, giving lectures and other information necessary so as to carry out their duties as such members of the neighborhood associatioi:i. After the lecture and the corresponding assignments have been given to the members called upon to render patrol duty, they shall repair them-LEON G. GUINTO, Mayor selves to their respective posts on the time prescribed for the rendition of their service. 4. That should a member of a neighborhood association called upon to render patrol guard or service shall not be able to perform his duties due to sickness or some other unavoidable causes, it shall be his duty to notify his leader as soon as practicable in order that proper substitution shall be made. 5. That the member of the neighborhood associations called upon to render patrol duty or guard service shall render his service within the territory embracing his neighborhood association, but in the ,pursuit of a criminal and in the apprehension of the same, he may go beyond the territorial jurisdiction of his association and in doing so, shall make a report of his acts to hi~ corresponding leader. ' 6. That members required to perform guard or patrol duty shall be shifted on the 15th and end of every month so that those serving within the first period of tour of duty shall be required to perform duties during the second period of tour of duty and so on down the line. 7. That members ~equired to perform patrol or guard duties during the period from midnight to 8: 00 a. m., the following day shall wear at all times the corresponding arm band. ANTONIO C. TORRES Commander [ 136] DISTRICT OF BAGUMBUBAY List of Leaders of Neighborhood Associations O/licially Approved DISTRICT ASSOCIATION NO.. 3-3 President: PASCUAL VILLANUEVA Occupation: Customs Assessor Address: 1276 Balintawak, Bagumbuhay Neighbor- Number of Number of I hood asso- Leader Address Occupation elation families pe1sons 8-3- 1 20 81 Julio Ramos------------------ 1439 Balintawak __ ------------ Tailor. 8-3- 2 15 78 Rafael Kahanding _____________ 1221 Balintawak ______________ Government employee. 8-3- 3 13 56 Aquilino de la Cruz ____________ 1326 Bali11tawak __ ------------ Laborer, Private firm. 8-3- 4 14 63 Guille1mo Quizon ______________ 1229 Balintawak __ ------------ Government employee. 8-3- 5 15 63 Honofre Mangila ______________ 1406-H Balintawak ____________ Labo1er, :Private firm. 3-3- 6 10 80 Sixto Miclat. _______ - _ - _______ 1469 Balintawak ______________ Agent. 8-3- 7 19 87 Eduardo Piiion ________________ 1317 Balintawak __ ------------ Clerk, Private firm. 3-8- 8 12 65 Isidro Manabat_ -------------- 1430 Balintawak __ ------------ Painter. 3-3- 9 18 99 Jose Ma. Silvei:.tre _____________ 1404 Balintawak __ ------------ Government employee. 3-3-10 8 35 Blas Permites _________________ 505 Balintawak __ ------------- Dental mechanic. 3-3-11 11 58 Alejandro IntaL ______________ 1431 Balintawak __ ------------ Laborer, Private firm. 8-3-12 13 48 Marcelo Cristobal. ____________ 1452 Balintawak ___ ------- ---- Constabulary. 8-3-13 13 75 Narciso Capulla _______________ 1435 Balintawak ______________ Pressman, Assistant Rou te 3-3-14 16 83 Melquiades Manalo ____________ 1437 Balintawak __ -----------agent Manila Railroad. 3-3-15 12 36 Angelo T. Lopez _______________ 1452 Balintawak __ ------------ Clerk, Private firm. 3-3-16 10 85 Ju;tino Cruz __________________ 1321 Balintawak __ ------------ Accountant. 3-3-17 16 62 Enrique Gomez __ ------------- 1224 Balintawak. _ ------------ Government employee. 3-3-18 15 64 Domingo Mapua.------------- . 1239 Balintawak ______________ Commercial agent. 8-3-19 , 14 92 Tomas Canlas _________________ 1300 Balintawak __ ------------ Laborer, Private firm. 3-3-20 10 . 52 Raymundo Bondoc ____________ 1310 Balintawak. _ ------------ Do. 8-3-21 12 65 Francisco Binuya _____ • _____ • __ 1463 Balintawak. _ ------------ Carpenter. TotaL. 286 3,179 ' DISTRICT~ ASSOCIATION No. 3-7 President: IsmoRo ORA Occupation: Merchant Address: 217-A Cabeza 8-7- 1 18 58 Sixto Busta:rnante _____________ 170Bucaneg __________________ Laborer, Private fir:rn. 8-7- 2 12 66 Marcelino Ingalla ______________ 121 Bucaneg __________________ Laborer, Government. 3-7- 3 12 53 Liberato Parado _______________ 129 Bucaneg __________________ Agent. 3-7- 4 15 67 Esteban Mendoza _____________ Ill Bucaneg __________________ Mechanic. 3-7- 5 8 40 Ri('ardo Salvador ______________ 155 Bucaneg __________________ Laborer (Govern:rnent.) 3-7- 6 15 86 Salace Bacho._--------------146 Bu('aneg __________________ Driver. 8-7- 7 13 75 Braulio Guzman _______________ 224 Cabezas Interior ___________ Tailor. 8-7- 8 14 77 Faustino Ferrer.-------------- 206 Cabezas------------------ Real f.state owner. 8-7- 9 12 75 Santiago Mendoza _____________ 213 Cabezas------------------ Merchant. 3-7-10 15 71 Marcial Glorioso __ ------------ 215 Cabezas------------------ Optician. 3-7-11 . 14 89 Inocencio Santana _____________ 231 Cabezas------------------ Merchant . 3-7-12 15 80 Agustin Tandoc _______________ 228 Cabezas------------------ Engineer, Manila Railroad. Total._ 160 837 DISTRICT ASSOCIATION No. 3-8 President: RusTICO GALVEZ Occupation: Merchant Address: 109-A Hammabar 8-8-1 '1 46 3--8-2 10 42 3-8-3. 10 53 3-8-4 16 78 3-8-5 10 35 3-8-6 9 36 8-8-7 10 36 3-8-8 9 29 3-8-9 10 31 Total._ 91 386 President: ROSENDO CRUZ 3-9-1 8 43 3-9-2 15 75 8-9-3 17 96 8-9-4 9 31 8-9-5 7 46 3-9-6 15 86 3-9-'1 15 68 3-9-8 9 86 8-9-9 '1 89 Total •• 102 620 ; SegundinoFernando ___________ 114 Hammabar ________________ Tailor. Silverio Bernales. ------------- 108-A Hammabar _____________ Clerk, Private firm. Agustin Guevara ______________ 148 Hammabar Interior ________ Agent. Camilo Javier. ____________ • ___ 119 Hammabar ________________ Carpenter. Julian Mungas---------------- 109-B Hammabar _____________ Laborer, Private firm. A,J.fon&o Pagar _________________ 106 Hammabar ________________ Latheman. Hilarion Penetrante ____________ 139 Hammabar ________________ Laborer. Gonzalo de los Reyes __ -------- 105 Hammabar ________________ Do. Lupo Sarmiento _______________ 116 Hammabar ________________ Foreman. DISTRICT ASSOCIATION No. 3-9 Occupation: Employee (Priv. firm). Address: 107 I. Mercado Fo1tunato Basa.-------------- 110 I. Mercado ________________ Mechanic. Macario Talavera __ ----------- 14 1. Mercado _________________ Employee, Private firm. Marciano Francisco ____________ 125 I. Mercado ________________ Clerk, Private firm. Juan Galvez------~----------11 I. Mercado _________________ Government laborer and Pastor, Iglesia ni Cristo. Basilio Icaro _____ ----_ - - -----_ 1811. Mercado ________________ Driver. Epifanio Longara ______________ 139 I. Mercado ________________ Accountant. Alejandro Lopez _______________ 120 I. Mercado ________________ Shoemaker. Andres Simbulan ______________ 117-B I. Mercado _____________ Mechanic. Lino TualJa ___________________ 8 I, Mercado----------------- Driver. [ 187] DISTRICT OF BAGUMBUHAY List of Leaders of Neighborhood Associations • President: LIBERATO DEL ROSARIO DISTRICT ASSOCIATION No. 3-10 Occupation: Employee, P. N. B. Address: 7 Biac-na-bato Neighbor- Number of Number of Leader Address Occupation hood asso- families persons ciation 3-10-1 15 84 Sofronio C. Calderon __________ 78 Biac-na-bato _______________ Bookbinder. 3-10-2 15 89 Agustin CTuz ____ ------------ _ 53 Biac-na-bato _______________ Foreman (Private firm). 3-10-3 15 85 Cecilio Cruz __________________ 69 Biac-na-bato _______________ Employee, Private firm. 3-10-4 15 113 Numeriano Cruz __ ------------ 1167 Biac-na-bato _____________ Laborer (Government). 3-10-5 15 96 Francisco Hernandez ______ ----- 31 Biac-na-bato _______________ Painter. 3-10-6 14 89 Eugenio Panahon ______________ 77 Biac-na-bato _______________ Laborer (Government). 3-10-7 15 98 Albino Punzalan _______________ 1145 Biac-na-bato _____________ Chauffeur. 3-10-8 15 105 Venancio Cagne _______________ 7 Biac-na-bato ________________ Merchant. 3-10-9 15 90 Vicente Rodriguez _____________ 1 Biac-na-bato .. _______________ Employee, rrivate firm. Total._ 134 849 DISTRICT ASSOCIATION No. 3-11 President: MAXIMINO BERNAL Occupation: Real Estat e Owner Address: 22 Endaya 3-11- 1 15 78 Fidel Arcinas _________________ 34 Endaya _____ -------- __ -- ....... - Tailor. 3-11- 2 15 87 Simeon Betco _________________ 29 Endaya ________ --- _________ Cigar-maker. 3-11- 3 14 118 Manuel Chanliongco. __________ 135 Endaya _______ ------ _ ----- Employee, Private firm. 3-11- 4 6 42 Dionisio de Guzman----------- ~54 Endaya ___ --------------- Do .. 3-11- 5 9 58 Regino Mariano _______ ---- ____ 15 Endaya ____________________ Clerk, Private firm. 3-11- 6 14 119 Pedro Sanchez ________________ 7Endaya _____________________ Collector (Private firm). 3-11- 7 11 83 Diosdado Sese ___ - - - - - --- 120 Endaya ___________________ Chauffeur. 3-11- 8 10 45 Clemente Soiiiga ______________ 149 Endaya ___________________ Operator (S. T. L.). 3-11- 9 13 53 Aleja_!ldro 1:ionl<;>c _____________ 109 Endaya ___ ---- ____ ---- ____ Employee, Private firm. 3-11-10 13 74 Dommgo V1ctor10 ____ ---- _____ 141 Endaya _________________ . __ Bartender. 3-11-11 12 57 Leocadio Baisa ________________ 130 Deodato ______ --- _ ---- ---- Fireman, Manila Railroad. 3-11-12 13 61 Laureano BatungbakaL ________ 118 Deodato __________________ Testman, Manila Railroad. 3-11-13 8 36 Lorenzo Coralee ___________ ---- 137 Deodato __________________ Rig-diiver. 3-11-14 15 82 Apolonio Cruz. _______________ 123 Deodato ______________ ---- Tailor. 3-11-15 15 66 Francisco Anzures _____________ 103 Deodato __________________ Labcrer, Private firm. 3-11-16 9 54 Alfonso Ma tic _________________ 126 Deodato __________________ Miner. Total.. 192 1,113 DISTRICT ASSOCIATION No. 3-14 President: lVIELECIO ARCEO Occupation: Electrician Address: 115 Malong 3-14- 1 9 50 Ricardo Andaca _______________ 141 Malong ___________________ Government employee. 3-14- 2 9 49 Rafael Caguinguin _____________ 115 Malong ___________________ Laborer, Co. Manila Railroa 3-14- 3 9 56 Mariano Hipolito ______________ 120 Malong ___________________ Foreman (Government). 3-14- 4 7 43 Juan Payumo _________________ 105 Malong _________ ---------- Clerk of Court. 3-14- 5 7 41 Felipe Pelayo _________________ 107 Malong _________ ---------- Tailor. 3-14- 6 7 41 Pedro Salazar _________________ 112 Malo.ng _________ ------ ____ Carlfenter. 3-14- 7 11 46 lsabelo Serraon ________________ 14 7 Malooig ___________________ Foundry worker. 3-14- 8 14 51 Cayetano G. Sunga ____________ 159 Malong ___________________ Assistant Engineer. 3-14- 9 9 44 Silverio Terodillo. _____________ 147 Malong ___________________ Laborer (Government). 3-14-10 11 35 Jose Francia __________________ 111 Malong ___________________ Do. Total._ 93 456 DISTRICT ASSOCIATION No. 3-15 President:. HIGINO M. SANTOS Occupation: Watchmaker Address: 242 Arguelles 3-15- 1 13 67 3-.15- 2 15 94 Alejo Reyes _______ --- ___ ---- __ 200 Int. Arguelles. ____ -------Teofilo Geronimo ______ -- __ __ __ 206 Arguelles __ ----- __ ----- __ _ 3-15- 3 11 66 Juan Manlapaz ___ - _ ---- -- _ _ _ _ 215 Arguelles. __ ---- __ -------3-15- 4 12 72 3-15- 5 12 55 Clemente Alvarez ______________ 222-:3 Arguelles ______________ _ Ireneo .Guinto ______ -~--------- 230 Arguelles. __ -- -- _________ _ 3-15- 6 15 58 Leocadio Saez _______ ---------- 231 Arguelles ___ ----- ___ -----3-15- 7 8 56 Ubaldo Dizon _______ --- ------- 237 Arguelles. ____ -----_ -- ___ _ 3-15- 8 11 58 3-15- 9 11 65 Roman Baluyot ___ ---- ---- __ -- 243 Arguelles __ -- __ --- -- _____ _ Victor Hombrebueno _____ ------ 242 Arguelles._-----'-- --- ____ _ 3-15-10 15 95 3-15-11 14 68 3-15-12 9 49 3-15-13 8 57 3-15-14 9 59 Agapito Ollero_ --- -------- ---- 261 Arguelles __ --- __ -- -- -- ---Ambrosio Ferrer _____ ---------- 269 Arguelles __ --------------Jesus Layug Jr.--------------- 278 Arguelles----------------Estanislao Dimaano. ____ -- ---- 286 Arguelles._--------------Gregorio Venezuela____________ 292 Arguelles. __ ----- ____ ----·~---------·----------· TotaL _ 163 919 [ 138 J Carpenter. Employee, Private firm. Ticket seller. Barber. Laborer, Private firm. Employee, Private firm. Agent. Plumber. Laborer (Government). Chauffeur. Laborer (Government). Agent. Do. Professor. d DISTRICT OF BAGUMBUHAY List of Leaders of Neighborhood Associations DISTRICT ASSOCIATION No. 3-16 President:· HERMOGENES LORENZO Occupation: Barber Address: 538-30 Alvarado Neighbor- Numbe1 of Number of Leader Address Occupation hood asso- families persons ciation 3-16- 1 12 58 Pastor Alfonso ________________ 566-27 Alvarado ______________ Employee Private firm. 3-16- 2 14 72 Marcelo de la Cruz ____________ 538-14 Alvarado _______ ~------ Peddler. 3-16- 3 8 62 Clemente Faver _______________ 538-7 Alvarado _______________ Government detective. 3-16- 4 12 63 Ong Chee Jun _________________ 554-1 Alvarado _______________ Salesman. 3-16- 5 11 50 Pablo Ubungan. _ ------------538-22 Alvarado ______________ Agent. 3-16- 6 7 36 Go Pin Nin ___________________ 554-5Alvarado _______________ Businessman. 3-16- 7 14 48 Simeon Meaina Jr.-----------538-2Alvarado _______________ Employee, Plivate firm. 3-16- 8 14 57 Emilio Onate. _ --------------538-9 Alvarado _______________ Laboier, Private firm. 3-16- 9 14 54 Librado Paree _________________ 538-10 Alvarado ______________ Agent. 3-16-10 9 50 Arturo F. Reyes _______________ 566-4Alvarado _______________ Government clerk. ~-16-11 12 67 Pedro Rinion. _ --------------538 Alvarado _________________ Salesman. 3-16-12 16 47 Uy Liam Tan _________________ 513 Alvarado _________________ Businessman. 3-16-13 15 66 Alfonso Tantanco ______________ 596 Alvarado _________________ Do; 3-16-14 11 67 Luis Barrera _________ --------- 566-22 Alvaraao ______________ Employee, Private firm. 3-16-15 12 49 Raymundo Dungan ____________ 538Alvarado.~--------------- Watchman. TotaL. 181 846 ' I DISTRICT AssocIATION No. 3-23 President: BASILIO CUNANAN DE LEON Occupation: Employee, Taiwan Electric (Meralco) Address: 1109 F. de Leon 3-23-1 15 73 3-23-2 15 99 3-23-3 15 89 3-23-4 15 63 3-23-5 15 93 3-23-6 15 100 3-23-7 15 79 TotaL. 105 696 President: DIONISIO DE LEON 3-25- 1 10 63 3-25- 2 9 26 3-25- 3 15 46 3-25- 4 13 93 3-25- 5 16 131 3-25- 6 7 44 3-25- 7 12 72 3-25- 8 12 47 3-25- 9 18 99 3-25-10 11 60 3-25-11 9 62 3-25-12 16 90 3-25-13 13 76 3-25-14 8 , 65 3-25-15 10 75 TotaL. 178 1,039 - Mariano Caraan _______________ 117-1 Feli~ de Leon __________ -1 Rice mill o~erator Juarito Castor ________ --- --- - - 1115-9 Felix de Leon __________ Laborer, Puvate firm. Jose P. Paras.---------------- 113 Felix de Leon _____________ Bus.iness broker. Maximo Cruz.---------------- 1120 Felix de Leon ____________ Mason. Gregozio Festejo _______________ 390 Felix de Leon._----------- Government laborer. Adriano Montana _____________ 1111-5 Felix de Leon __________ City B 1...s driver. Roberto Manalo _______________ 380 Felix de Leon, Interior 4 ____ Manager. , DISTRICT ASSOCIATION NO .. 3-25 Occupation: Judge, Court of First Instance Address: 545 Antipolo Teofilo Abejo ___ ---- --- _______ 537 Antipolo __________________ Lawyer. Lazaro Agaaway __ -----------335 Antipolo __________________ Merchant. Ce<'ilio Aniceto ________________ 439 Antipolo __________________ Cigar-maker. Laureano Arceo _______________ 4 79 Anti polo •• ________ ---- ____ Government laborer. Antonio Javier ________________ 519 Antipolo __________________ Stenographe1·, Private firm. Victor Jose. __________________ 419 Antipolo __________________ Barber. Cecilio Guevarra_------------397 Antipolo __________________ Laborer, Private firm. Carlos Guevarra _______________ 415-1 Antipolo ______ "' _________ Barber. Celso Hermoso ____ -------- ____ 393-12 Antipolo _______________ Agent. Florentino Morata _____________ 405 Antipolo __________________ Merchant. Braulio Paras _________________ 425 Antipolo __________________ Tailor. Antonio Reyes ________________ 365 Antipolo __________________ Foreman, Private firm. Marcelo Sanchez ______________ 499-A Anti polo __ ------------_ Laborer, Private firm. Jacinto Sancho ________________ 633 Aritipolo __________________ Electrical engineer. Sotero Sayana ________________ 433 Antipolo __________________ Sanitary Hall. inspector, Ci DISTRICT ASSOCIATION ~O. 3-26 ' President: FELICisnvro SALDANA Occupation: Merchant Address: 1440 Franco 3-26- 1 15 98 Eladio lgn4cio. --------------300Pandapira ________________ Merchant. 3-26- 2 19 102 Paulino Abogado ______________ 331 Pandapira __ -------------- Do. 3-26- 3 15 72 Primitivo Felicidario ___________ 407 Pandapira ________________ Do. 3-26- 4 10 68 Mariano Magpayo _____________ 406 Pandapira. _ -------------- Agent. 3-26- 5 15 83 Fernando Basco _______________ 1513 Sande ___________________ Do. 3-26- 6 14 79 Benito Lucas ________ ------ --- _ 357 Amarlanhagui_ ____________ Real estate owner. 3-26- 7 16 98 Modesto Mariiias ______________ 377 Amarlanhagui_ ____________ Carroriiata operator. 3-26- 8 13 72 Alejandro Reyes _______________ 360 Amarlanhagui_ ____________ Do. 3-26- 9 15 93 Martin Sangalang _____________ 215 Ama1lanhagt'L------------ Ractio mechanic. 3-26-10 14 80 Francisco E. Ureta ____________ 320 Amarlanhagui_ ____________ Conductor, Taiwan Den13 207Penalosa __________________ ryoku. 3-~6-11 81 Gregorio Pascual_ _____________ Mei chant. 3- 6-12 13 66 Robalio Palo._---- __________ -303 Penalosa __________________ Government laborer. 3-26-13 15 97 Maximo Dizon ________________ 218 Penalosa __________________ Merchant. 3-26-14 14 92 Pedro Carganilla ______________ 211 Penalosa---------~-------- Employee, Private firm. 3-26-15 12 69 Cbilo Capulong _______________ 1425Franco __________________ Agent. Total •• 213 1,250 [ 189] DISTRICT OF BAGUMBUHAY List of Leaders of Neighborhood Associations DISTRICT ASSOCIATION No. 3-27 President: PEDRO CRISTOBAL Occupation: Merchant Address: 407 Coral, Bagumbuhay Neighborhood association 3-27- 1 3-27- 2 3-27- 3 3-27- 4 3-27- 6 3-27- 6 3-27- 7 3-27- 8 3-27- 9 3-27-10 3-27-11 3-27-12 3-27-13 3-27-14 3-27-15 3-27-16 3-27-17 TotaL_ Number of families 13 13 14 16 16 14 19 13 14 16 13 13 15 15 13 15 13 244 Number of persons 72 66 77 55 84 71 88 61 87 69 124 68 59 81 61 70 56 1,239 President: GAVINO DECENA 3-28- 1 14 107 S.,.28- 2 16 68 3-28- 3 14 68 3-28- 4 15 162 3-28- 6 15 99 3-28- 6 14 87 3-28- 7 15 'l1 3-28- 8 15 72 3-28- 9 13 106 3-28-10 16 143 3-28-11 15 91 3-28-12 16 8'i 3-28-13 13 60 3-28-14 16 95 8-28-15 15 110 Total •• 218 1,416 Leader Add1·ess Aurelio Tioco_________________ 381 CoraL __________________ _ Juan Prado___________________ 1411 Franco _________________ _ Valentin Nicolas_______________ 1415 Franco _________________ _ Santos T. Castro ______________ 407 CoraL ___________________ _ Leocaaio Anzuelo ______________ 342 CoraL ___________________ _ Doroteo de Guzman_---------- 382 Coral_ ___________________ _ Magtangol Mendoza ___________ 384 Pilapil__ _________________ _ Arsenio Pagtalunan____________ 372 PilapiL __________________ _ Martin Samaniego _____________ 374 PilapJiL _________________ _ Bonifacio Santos-------------- .· 396 PilapiL-----------------Gavino San Pedro_____________ 1340 Pilapil__ ________________ _ Felixberto Labung _____________ 381 PilapiL-----------------Anastacio de la Cruz___________ 396 NicodemUS---------------David Tubera _________________ 403 Nicodemus __________ _: ____ _ Eliseo B. Antonio______________ 406 Nicodemus---------------Pacifico Hilario _______________ 1417 Sande __________________ _ Juan Malla1 L __________ ---- _ _ _ 1398 ________________________ _ Occupation Tailor. Checker, Private firm. Do. Tailor. Merchant. Painter. Government laborer. Sanitary inspector, City. Government foreman. Clerk. Mechanic. Carpenter. Do. Laboter, Manila Railroad. Barber. Merchant. Businessman. DISTRICT ASSOCIATION No. 3-28 Occupation: Sup. Head Checker (Pier) Address: 1091 Antonio Rivera Moise& Pineda __ -------------- 1047 Antonio Rivera ___________ Painter. Francisco Tayag _______________ 1055 Antcnio Rivera ___________ Accountant. Alfredo Roque_--------------- 1058 Antonio Rivera ___________ Fireman, P. M. C. Francisco Pineda • .,_------------ 1059 Antonio Rivera ___________ BuEiinessman. Isabelo Gatbonton •. '-----------1071 Antonio Rivera ___________ Carpenter. Diego Mercado ________________ 1084 Antonio Rivera ________ :_ __ Carretela operator. Lucio Roldan ___ ,,, _____________ 1091 Antonio Rivera ___________ Shii;ping clerk. · Severo de Jesus_-------------- 1103 Antonio Rivera ___________ Machinist. Igmedio Ca wilan ______________ 1095 Antonio Rivera ___________ Employee, Private firm. Eugenio de Luna ______________ 1004 Antonio Rivera ___________ Ciler, Manila Railroad. Par.cu al Lacsamana. ___________ 1104 Antonio Rivera ___________ Laborer, Private firm. Vicente Mangalino _____________ 1110 Antonio Rivera Int. 68 ____ Riveter. Meliton Avelar ________________ 1110 Antonio Rivera Int. 26 ____ Tr&ckman. Placido Saclo_ ---------------- 1110 Antonio Rivera Int. 70 ____ Mason. Cenon Lacamienta _____________ 1110 Antonio Rivera Int. 12 ____ Laborer, Private firm. DISTRICT AssocIATION No. 3-30 President: GREGORIO N. SANTOS Occupation: Employee, Private firm Address: 1128 Antonio Rivera 3-30- 1 3-30- 2 3-30- 3 3-30- 4 3-30- 5 3-30- 6 3-30- 7 3-30- 8 3-30- 9 3-30-10 3-30-11 3-30-12 3-30-13 3-Sll-14 8-30-16 Total •• 17 10 19 18 13 23 18 13 12 16 19 14 18 14 18 242 95 42 90 85 80 129 99 70 74 80 90 78 85 73 99 1,269 Daniel Flores_---------------Gregorio Galvez ______________ _ Pedro Gonzalo _______________ _ Gaudencio IntaL _______ .. _____ _ Manuel G. Tan __ ------------Alfredo Enriquez _____________ _ Urbar;o Manalastas ____ ---- ___ _ Raymundo Macalino __________ _ Jacinto Mangalino ____________ _ Lino Manahan _______________ _ Berr.ardo Maravilla ___________ _ Serapio M. Bayani__---------Rufino Sant< s _____ -------- ---Hilario Simbulan _____________ _ Urbano Vergara ______________ _ [ 140] 1110 Antonio Rivera __________ _ 1122 Antonio Rivera __________ _ 1142 Antonio Rivera __________ _ 1127 Antc..nio Rivera __________ _ 1107 Antonio Rivera __________ _ llUs Antorio Rivera __________ _ 1126 Antorio Rivera Int. 3 ____ _ 1128 Antorio Rivera __________ _ 1118-18 Antonio Rivera _______ _ .LllU Antonio Rivera __________ _ 1136 Antonio Rivera __________ _ 1132 Antorio Rivera __________ _ 1110 Antonio Rivera __________ _ 1131 Antonio Rivera __________ _ 1142 An~onio Rivera __________ _ Laborer, Private firm. Employee, P1 ivate firm. Salesman. Employee, Private firm. Laborer, Private fii-m. Checker, Private firm. Laborer, Private firm. CarpeP.ter. Riveter, Atlantic Gulf. Goldsmith . Laborer, Private firin. Employee, Private firm. Government laborer. Do. Tailor. DISTRICT OF BAGUMBUHAY List of Leade~s of Neighborhood Associations DISTRICT ASSOCIATION No. 3-39 President: JosE GALINGO Occupation: Employee, Bu. of Pub. Works Address: 6-A Elena Neighborhooa association ,, 3-39- 1 3-39- 2 3-39- 3 3-39- 4 3-39- 5 3-39- 6 3-39- 7 3-39- 8 3-39- 9 3-39-10 3-39-11 3-39-12 3-39-13 3-39-14 TotaL. 3-41- 1 3-41- 2 3-41- 3 3-41- 4 3-41- 5 3-41- 6 3-41- 7 3-41- 8 3-41- 9 3-41-10 3-41-11 3-41-12 3-41-13 3-41-14 3-41-15 3-14-16 3-41-17 TotaL_ Number of families 14 13 14 15 15 13 15 15 15 10 15 14 16 12 196 Number of pe1sons 84 61 66 97 110 73 57 90 80 48 '67 58 86 82 1,059 Leader Manuel Barretto.------------Jose Cundangari ______________ _ Sebastian Faustino. __________ _ Fortunato Salcedo ____________ _ Rufino Pio Roda • .!'-----------Vicente M. Mateo~-----------Zacarias Alonzo ___ ---- _______ _ Ambrosio Espiritu ____________ _ Pablo S. Mangarin ___________ _ Jose Santiago_-------------- __ Dominador .Reyes._----------Faustino M. Bunag ___________ _ Agustin Capaxas ______________ _ Felix de los Reyes ____________ _ Address 306 Ricafort_ ________________ _ 333 Ricafort _________________ _ 323 Ricafort _________________ _ 348 Ricafort _________________ _ 343 Ricafort _________________ _ 329 Rica fort_ ______ ---- ______ _ 403-78 Ricafort ______________ _ 349-69 Ricafort ______________ _ 401 Ricafort_ ________________ _ 329 Ricafort-----------------9 Elena _____________________ _ 9 Elena _____________________ _ 118 Canal de la Reina _________ _ 323 Ricafort-----------------DISTRICT ASSOCIATION No. 3-41 Occupation Businessman. Merchant. Government Laborer. Agent. Merchant. Tailor. Peddler. Employee, P. N. B. Mechanic. Government laborer. Agent. Employee, Private firm. Do. Collector, Taiwan Denryoku. President: ALIPIO FLORES Occupation: Policeman Address: 1044 Alvarado Ext. 15 80 Amado Soan __________________ 1002 Alvarado Ext. ----------- Businessman. 13 82 Eugenio Musngi__ _____________ 1006 Alvarado Ext. ----------- Laborer, Private firm. 22 94 Alberto Layson ________________ 1012 Alva1ado Ext. ----------- Agent. 15 87 Nicolas Zablan ________________ 1016 Alvarado Ext.----------- Salesman. 16 77 Pastor Carillo __________ ----- __ 1018-2 Alvarado Ext. --------- Do. 21 144 Pablo Romulo _________________ 1031 Alvarado Ext. ----------- Laborer, P.rivate firm. 18 104 Espiridion del Rosario __________ 1023 Alvarado Ext ... __________ Peddler. · 28 146 Pacifico Balanzat ____ ------ ____ lu47 Alvarad.o Ext. ----------- Barber. 18 93 Urbano Gonzales ______________ 1044-31 Alvarado Ext. -------- Cartman. 15 'i9 Mariano Balingit ______________ 1044-1 Alvarado Ext. --------- Cart ariver. 15 56 Fidel T. Kayanan _____________ 1044-58 Alvarado Ext. _ -----"-- Printer. 21 78 Remigio Manabat _____________ 1064-13 Alvaiado Ext. _ ------- Ca1penter. 17 99 Nicanor Lonon ________________ 1044--45 Alvarado Ext. _ ------- Tailor. 13 67 Bonifacio Zapanta _____________ 1044-16 Alvarado Ext. _ ------- Cartman. 13 65 Lauro Trinidad ________________ · 1034-33 Alvarado Ext. -------- Government labo1er. 18 8fl Nicanor Macariiias_ ----------- 1044-56 Alvarado Ext. -------- Rig driver. ; 17 97 Jacinto Maridap _______________ 1174-25 Alvarado Ext.-------- Pedaler. 295 1,536 . DISTRICT ASSOCIATION No. 3-48 President: RUPERTO SANGGALANG Occupation: Carpenter Address: 1433 F. Ma. Guerrero 3-48- 1 5 34 Abelardo Angeles ______________ 1409 F. Ma. Guerrero __________ Checker, Mar;ila Railroad. 3-48- 2 7 46 Emilio G. Aguilar._---~------- 1426 F. Ma. Gue1rero __________ Government employee. 3-48- 3 6 31 Eulalio Gonzales __ ------------ •. 1441 F. Ma. G1. errero __________ Businessman. · 3-48- 4 6 44 Tranquilino Taduran __________ 1461 F. Ma. Gue1rero __________ Do. 3-48- 5 15 78 Joaql..in IntaL. _ ------------- _ 1465 F. Ma. Guerrero __________ Do. 3-48- 6 11 53 Bienvenido Garcia _____________ 1440 F. Ma. Guerrero __________ Laboratory helper, U. P. 3-48- 7 ~ 50 Inocencio Garcia_-------- _____ 1468 F. Ma. Guerrero __________ Cigar-maker. 3-48- 8 9 57 Carlos de Jesus---------------- 1438 F. Ma. Guerrero __________ Government employee. 3-48- 9 7 42 Francisco Difio ________________ 1427 F. Ma. Guerrero _________ :.. Cine operator. 3-48-10 7 40 Esperanza Bala __ ------------- 1465 F. Ma. Guerrero __________ Tailor. 3-48-11 5 33 Veronica C. Aguilar ____________ 1415 F. Ma. Guerrero __________ Teacher. TotaL_ 87 508 [ 141] DISTRICT OF DILIMAN List of Leaders of Neighborhood Associations Neighborhoed association 6-4-1 6-4-2 6-4-3 6-4-4 6-4-5 6-4-6 TotaL_ DISTRICT ASSOCIATION NO. 6-4 President: ELIGIO CRUZ Occupation: Farmer Address: Balara, Diliman Numbf:f of Number of families persons ! 11 59 I 15 83 13 77 11 64 11 48 :1 57 3881 Leader Address Ciriaco Cruz __________________ Balara, Diliman ______________ _ Alfredo Arceo ______________________ do ______________________ _ Gregorio Salvador __________________ do ______________________ _ Apolinario Maximo _____ ----________ do ___________ -----------_ Gregorio lgaya _____ ----_ --_________ ao _____ ---__ ---___ ----__ _ Domiciano lgaya __________________ .do ______________________ _ DISTRICT OF DILIMAN DISTRICT ASSOCIATION No. 6-6 Farmer. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Occupation President: SIMPLICIO SALVADOR Occupation: Farmer Address: Cruz na Ligas, Diliman 6-6-1 14 68 Francisco Baluyot _____________ Cruz na Ligas, Diliman ________ Farmer. 6-6-2 12 51 Santiago Baluyot ______________ _____ do _______________________ Do. 6-6-3 13 63 Patricio R. Francisco __________ _____ do _______________________ Do. 6-6-4 14 64 Augusto Beltran _______________ _____ dO------------------~---- Do. 6-6-5 15 ~}- Eladio Salvaaor _______________ _____ do _______________________ Do. 6-6-6 15 Restitl to Francisco ____________ -----dO------------------~---- Do. 6-6-7 15 52 Santiago San Pascual. _________ _____ do _______________________ Do. 6-6-8 10 52 Domingo Soriano ______________ _____ do.---------------------- Do. 6-6-9 14 72 Paterno Adriano _________ ---- __ _____ do----------------------- Do. TotaL_ 122 563 DISTRICT ASSOCIATION No. 6-8 President: EsTANISLAO lNoCENTES Occupation: Farmer Adcfress: 15th Ave., Manila 6-8- 1 8 46 Juan Ortega __________________ 15th Ave., Diliman ____________ Real estate owner. 6-8- 2 15 83 Apolonio Lazaro _______________ _____ do---------------~------- Carpenter. 6-8- 3 13 67 Vicente Garcia----~----------- --~--do _______________________ Laborer, Private firm. 6-8- 4 12 60 Beltran Santiago ______________ 235 N. Domingo _______________ Shoemaker. 6-8- 5 15 86 Luis Dujua ___________________ 425 N. Domingo _______________ Businessman. 6-8- 6 15 69 Bienveni<1o ae la Cruz __________ Sapang Camias ________________ Carretela driver. 6-8- 7 15 69 German Mendoza _____________ 500 N. Domingo _______________ Rice mill O,Perator. 6-8- 8 12 56 Irineo Gagauayan_ ------------ 15th Ave.-------------------- Carromata driver. 6-8- 9 15 79 Adriano Peralta _______________ 18th Ave., Camp Murphy ______ Real estate owner. 6-8-10 7 33 Pablo Santos __________________ Sapang Camias_ -------------- Farmer. 6-8-11 15 83 Emilio Valera _________________ 76th-15th Ave. --------------- Checker, Bu. of Public Wei fare. 6-8-12 10 61 Gelacio Aripio ________________ 15th Ave.-------------------- Carromata driver. 6-8-13 5 22 Vicente Nunez ________________ _____ do _______________________ Do. 6-8-14 11 54 Antonio Gatapia __ -----------Marikina Hall _________________ Farmer. 6-8-1~ 12 47 Benigno HalilL--------------_____ do _______________________ Do. ,, TotaL. 180 915 DISTRICT ASSOCIATION No. 6-11 • PTesident: MARCELO SANTIAGO Occupation: Farmer AddTess: 15th Avenue, Diliman ·i. 6-11-1 12 53 Victorio Lopez ________________ Sapang-Camias, Diliman _______ Shoemaker. 6-11-2 15 63 Angel Fernando _______________ _____ do _______________________ Farmer. 6-11-3 8 35 Juan Lopez ___________________ _____ do.------------~~-------- Do. 6-11-4 6 24 Melecio Pedrosa _______________ _____ do _______________________ Do. 6-11-5 14 59 Aquilino Fernandez ____________ 19th of June __________________ Do. 6-11-6 10 60 Se&inando Santos ______________ 15th Avenue __________________ Carretela driver. 6-11-7 12 73 Domingo Pascual_ _____________ _____ do _______________________ Farmer. 6-11-8 13 34 Ricardo de la Cruz __ , __________ _____ do----------------------. Do. TotaL_ 90 401 [ 142] DISTRICT OF CALOOCAN List of Leaders of Neighborhood Associations DISTRICT ASSOCIATION No. 7-2 P1'esident: LUCAS BUSTAMANTE Occupation: Real Estate Owner Address: 7 Plaridel, Caloocan Neighbor- Num~er of Number of Leader Address Occupation hood asso- fami iea persons elation 7-2- 1 15 55 Eladio Zapanta ____ -- - - ---- --- - 202 A. Bato~ Caloocan.-------- Real estate owner. 7-2- 2 15 64 Victoriano Callan ta •• - ---_ -- - - _ 282 A. Mabini, Caloocan _______ Dentist. 7-2- 3 15 78 Nicolas Inocencio ______________ 232 Torres Bugallon ___________ Manager, Manila Stev. Co. 7-2- 4 15 50 Victorio Navarro •• - - --- _ - _ - _ - - 236 Torres Bugallon ___________ Real e&tate owner. 7-2- 5 15 67 Pastor Temporas-------~------ Gral. Luis, Caloocan ___________ Sanitary inspector, City Manila. 7-2- 6 15 68 Gregorio 0. Garcia ____________ 3 Plaridel, Caloocan ___________ Real estate owner. 7-2- 7 15 84 Raymundo Caballero __________ 33 P. Gomez, Caloocan _________ Do. 7-2- 8 15 45 Francisco Guevarra ____________ 314 A. MabinL. -------------- Dentist. 7-2- 9 14 60 Jose Alcaraz __________________ 260 Torres Bugallon ___________ Do. 7-2-10 15 61 Jose Datu._ - - --------- ------ - 52 P. Gomez, Caloocan _________ Real estate owner. 7-2-11 15 46 Fernando David _______________ 66 P. Gomez, Caloocan _________ Carpenter, Manila railroad Co. '1-2-12 15 64 Pedro UsL _ ------------------ 59 P. Gomez, Caloocan.--.------ Real Estate owner. 7-2-13 15 81 Benito Asistio _________________ 90 P. Gomez, Caloocan _________ Government employee, Cal ocan District. 07-2-14 15 67 Cipriano LardizavaL ________ .,_ 110 Geronimo, Caloocan ________ Real estate owner. 7-2-16 12 67 Rafael Marquez _______________ 102 Geronimo, CaloO'Can ________ Blacksmith. Total •• 221 957 DISTRICT ASSOCIATION No. 7-3 President: HIPOLITO SEVILLA Occupation: Practicing Pysician Address: 457 A. Mabini, Sangandaan, Caloocan 7-3- 1 14 83 7-3- 2 15 75 7-3- 3 15 88 7-3- 4 15 101 7-3- 6 16 65 7-3- 6 15 76 7-3- '1 15 88 7-3- 8 15 '14 7-3- 9 15 52 7-3-10 16 63 7-3-11 15 59 7-3-12 15 77 7-3-13 15 68 7-3-14 15 61 7-3-15 16 61 Total.. 224 1,091 President: OSCAR BAELLO 7-4-· 1 15 99 7-4- 2 15 110 7-4- 3 15 94 7-4- 4 15 99 7-4- 5 15 96 7-4- 6 15 71 I 7-4- 7 15 83 7-4- 8 14 60 '1-4- 9 16 65 7-4-10 18 69 Total.. 147 846 . Juan Cunanan ________________ 371-3 A. MabinL. ------------ Real estate owner. Marcelo Bulatao ______________ 393 A. MabinL.:.------------- Mechanic, Co. Manila Railroad Luis Concepcion _______________ 419 A. MabinL--------------- Plumber and electrician. Cecilio Macaranas.------------ 437 A. MabinL--------------- Watchman, La lnsular Cig. Pedro Macaraig _______________ Factory. 617 Int. A. MabinL ___________ Cigar-maker, Private firm. Nazario Nadurata _____________ 455 A. MabinL--------------- Chief, Records, Budget and Aud. Office. - Lino Ramos._---------------- 79 Gral. San Miguel_ __________ Inspecto1, Taiwan D. SiSYf· Diosdado Velarde. _____________ 40 Int. Gral. S. Miguel-------- Stenographer, Na1ic. ' Jue.n Mesina __________________ 686 G1al. S. Miguel_ ___________ Mason. Juan Villanueva _______________ 40 Int. Gral. S. MigueL ________ Real estate owner. Gregorio San Juan _____________ 660 Int. Gral. S. Miguel-------- Rig ariver. Juan Bautista'----------------- 662 Int. Gral. S. Miguel_ __ . _____ Underwriter, Nat. Life Ins. Co. of P. I. .Jose Manalo------------------ 605 Int. Gral. S. Miguel_ _______ Merchant. Jose Borja ________ -----_______ 626 Gral. San Miguel_ _________ Piinter, San Miguel Brewery. Avelino Roque ________________ 618 Gral. San Miguel_ _________ Cigar-maker, La Insular. DISTRICT ASSOCIATION No. 7-4 Occupation: Physician and Dentist Adress: 357 A. Mabini, Caloocan Primitivo Garcia ___________ ;. __ 8 Lakas ng Mahihirap __________ Timekeeper, Yamashita S.S. Line. Jose Bustamante ______________ 77 Gral. Luna, Caloocan ________ Businessman. Francisco Martin ______________ 8-3 Libis Espina __ ------------ Do. Felix Nuguid __________________ 205 Libis Espina ______________ Tailor. Francisco Francisco ____________ 255 Libis Espina ______________ Market guard, Government. Pedro Cruz ___________________ 251 Li bis Espina._------------ Real estate owner. Benigno Santos---------------- 213 Libis Espina ______________ Rivetter, Manila Railroad. Moiser Francii:;co ______________ Balong Bato, L. Espina ________ Fi~herman. Eduardo Guevarra _____________ 317 LibiL Espina ______________ Maintenance Engineer, M. R.R. Bonifacio Bagaman. ________ "'.-_ Libis Espina ___ --------------- Carpenter. [.~--·] DISTRICT OF MAKATI List of Leaders of Neighborhood Associations DISTRICT ASSOCIATION No. 10-2 President: NICANOR GARCIA Occupation: Real Estate Owner Address: 7 M. Quezon St., Makati Neighbor- Number of Number of Leader Address Occupation hood asso- families persons ciation 10-2- 1 15 103 Apolo Coronado _______________ 8 A. Bonif;icio Street __ -------- Employee, Araneta and Son Manila. s, 10-2- 2 15 89 Antonio Domingo __ ----------- 19 J. Rizal, Makati ----------- Employee, Hashim and Co., Manila. 10-2- 3 15 94 Benjamin Bautista _____________ 11 A. Bonifacio, MakatL _______ Employee, Insular Sugar R 15 76 Manuel Pagulayan _____________ 36 A. Mabini, MakatL -------fining Corporation. 10-2- 4 Businei:sman. e10-2- 5 15 77 Leonardo Velasc<?-------------- 34 A. Mabini, MakatL ________ Employee, Kaisha. Korasiki Boe ki 10-2- 6 15 81 Egmiaio Sal"tos_ -- -- -- _ -- _ -- __ 12 P. Zamora, MakatL ------- Employee, Phil. Nat. Bank. 10-2- 7 15 68 Alejandro Domingo ____________ 25 A. Bonifacio, MakatL _______ El!lployee, Bureau of Print 10-2- 8 15 74 Pacifico Garcia_ -------------- 47 A. Mabini, MakatL -------rng. Food Peddler. 10-2- 9 15 91 Bonifacio Alvarez __ ----------- 43 A. Bonifacio, Makati_ _______ Bus.inessman. 10-2-10 15 88 Cenon Ayala __________________ 51 A. Bonifacio, MakatL _______ Do. 10-2-11 15 73 Francisco Andres ------------- 5 M. Quezon, MakatL _________ Laborer. 10-2-12 15 104 Vicente Martir --------------- 13 S. Osmeiia, MakatL ________ Real Estate owner, propri tor. 10-2-13 15 87 Nazario Rabano_ ------------- 2 Bagumpanahon, Makati ----- Conductor, Taiwan Den 15 73 Bernardo Cordoviz ____________ 18 Zobel, MakatL _____________ ryoko. 10-2-14 Labore1 (.Ex-teacher). 10-2-15 15 88 Ramon Crespo ________________ 14 Pertierra, Makati!' ---------- Businessman. Total._ 225 1,266 DISTRICT OF PARA~AQUE Lf,st of Leaders of Neighborhood Associations DISTRICT ASSOCIATION No. 12-2 President: LAUREANO CAPISTRANO Occupation: Real Estate Owner Address: Dongalo, Para:fiaque 12-2- 1 15 64 Pedro Pascual_ ________________ 45 Sta. Monica, Paraiiaque _____ Real estate owner. 12-2- 2 15 54 Agapito Clemente_------------ Real, Paraiiaque __ ------------ Fisherman. 12-2- 3 15. 76 Lucas Cruz __________ ---- _____ _____ do ---------------------- Civil Service employee. 12-2- 4 15 72 Hermogenes PascuaL __________ Mabini, Paraiiaque. ----------- Store owner. 12-2- 5 15 72 Sobrino Cruz ____ ------------- Pulo, Paraiiaque.:.. ------------ Fisherman. 12-2- 6 15 73 Alejo Cornelio __ -------------- _ ____ do ---------------------- Agent. 12-2- 7 13 71 Pascual Ram~- -------------- Sta. Monica, Dongalo_ -------- Do. 12-2- 8 14 67- Higino Ferrer ___ -------------_ Dongalo, Parafiaque ___________ Real estate owner. 12-2- 9 15 71 Pedro Lorenzo ________________ Sta. Monica, Dongalo_ -------- Do. 12-2-10 15 72 Jose Quiogue _________ ------- __ Mabini, Dongalo ______________ Collector, Taiwan Electric. 12-2-11 15 68 Diosdado Maylad __ ----------- Regidor, Dongalo ______________ Government foremap.. 12-2-12 15 69 Cornelio Espiritu ------------- Regalado, Dongalo __ ---------- Real estate owner. 12-2-13·~ 15 62 Teodulo BurgOE>- _ ------------- Mabini, Dongalo ______________ Do. 12-2-14 15 71 Leon Bagsic __ ---- __ ---------- _____ do ---------------------- Fisherman. 12-2-15 15 72 Florencio Lara ________________ Regidor, Dongalo ______________ Real estate owner. . TotaL_ 222 1,034 - President: SABAS DE GUZMAN DISTRICT ASSOCIATION No. 12-3 Occupation: Real Estate owner Address: Balagtas, Para:fiaque 12-3- 1 15 85 12-3- 2 15 90 12-3- 3 15 86 12-3- 4 15 84 12-3- 5 15 76 12-3- 6 15 76 12-3- 7 15 82 12-3- 8 15 111 12-3- 9 15 92 12-3-10 15 95 Total._ 150 877 Julian Rivera ___________ ----__ Dongalo, Paraiiaque ____ --- ___ _ Simeon Santos---------------- _____ do ---------------------Fortunato Leonardo ________________ do ---------------------Bernardo Custoaio __ ---------- Balagtas, Paraiiaque ---------Arturo Gatmaitan_____________ Pulo St., Paraiiaque_ -------- __ A1temio Clemente_____________ Balagtas, Paraiiaque ---------Pedro Decena_________________ Mabivi, Paraiiaque ____ ---- --- _ Isidro Hernandez______________ Balagtas, Paraiiaque. _________ _ Meliton Cabrera~---------·~---- Real, Paraiiaque ______________ _ Honesto ae Guzman ________________ do ______________________ _ [ 144~] Real estate owner. Do. Bm.inessman. Real estate owner. Do. Do. Foreman. Real estate owner. Do. Physician. DISTRICT OF PAR~AQUE List of Leaders of Neighborhood Associations DISTRICT ASSOCIATION No. 12-4 President: NICASIO SANTOS Occupation: Real Estate owner Address: Damayan, Paraiiaque ' I Neighbor- Number of Number of Leader A cl dress Occupation hood asso- families persons ciation 12-4- 1 15 75 Fernando Calderon ____________ Damayan, Paraiiaque __________ Real eEtate owner. 12-4- 2 15 86 Florentino Valenzuela __________ _____ do _______________________ Do. 12-4- 3 15 81 J:uan L. Oiigaco _______________ _____ do _______________________ Do. 12-4- 4 15 86 Eustaquio Santos ______________ _____ do _______________________ Do. 12-4- 5 15 80 Juan Valenzuela _______________ _____ do----------------------- Do. 12-4- 6 15 91 Primo Santa Agueda ___________ _____ do----------------------- Do. 12-4- 7 15 95 Dionisio Leonardo _____________ _____ do _______________________ Do. 12-4- 8 15 72 Cornelio San Pedro ____________ _____ do _______________________ Do. 12-4- 9 15 84 Perfecto Burgos _______________ _____ do _______________________ Do. 12-4-10 15 73 Apolinario SantQS- _ ----------_____ do _______________________ Do. 12-4-11 15 102 Fat:sto Valenzuela _____ -- -----_____ do _______________________ Do. 12-4-12 15 84 Agapito Cruz _________________ _____ do _______________________ Do. 12-4-13 15 78 Macario Cruz _________________ _____ do _______________________ Do. 12-4-14 15 104 Geronimo Damaso _____________ _____ do _______________________ Do. 12-4-15 15 120 Francisco Garcia.:.------------_____ do _______________________ Do. TotaL_ 225 1,311 President: PoTENCIANO PAULINO DISTRICT ASSOCIATION No. 12-5 Occupation: Real Estate Owner Address: Tambo, Paraiiaque 12,5- 1 15 12-5- 2 13 12-5- 3 15 12-5- 4 15 12-5- 5 15 12-5- 6 12 12-5- 7 15 12-5- 8 15 12-5- 9 15 12-5-10 15 12-5-11 15 12-5-12 11 12-5-13 10 12-5-14. 15 12-5-15 15 TotaL_ 211 106 62 69 68 96 49 86 74 82 64 101 77 60 82 79 1,155 I Pacifico Mayuga ______________ Tambo, Paraiiaque ___________ _ Laureano Lim ______________________ do ______________________ _ Ysmael de Leon ____________________ dO----------------------Gelacio Cruz _______ ---------- __ -- _.do _______ -- ------- ---- __ _ Catalino Santos ____ ----------- --- __ do ________ ------------ __ _ Pedro de Jesus---------------- _____ do----------------------Manuel Reyes ________ -------- ______ do ___________ -----------Amado L. Mendoza _________________ do ______________________ _ Amado lVIayuga ____________________ do ______________________ _ Fausto Enriquez-------------- _____ Qo ______________________ _ Hilario Cruz __ --------- .. ___________ do __ ------ _________ -----Rosendo de Leon ___________________ do ______________________ _ Dominador Mayuga_ ---------- _____ do ______________________ _ Clemente Alfonso __________ -- _______ do _________ -- ______ --- __ _ Leocadio Vizcarra _____ -- ___ --- _____ do _________ --- __ --- __ ---Real estate owner. Do. Patrolman. Real estate oner. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. President: FLAVIANO RODRIGUEZ DISTRICT ASSOCIATION No. 12-6 Occupation: Notary Public Address: La Huerta, Paraiiaque 12-6- 1 I 15 83 Mariano Reyes ________________ La Huerta, Paraiiaque _________ Barber. 12-6-·2 15 79 Candido Javier ________________ _____ do _______________________ Farmer. 12-6- 3 15 69 Antonio ·Garcia ________________ _____ do _______________________ Musician. 12-6- 4 15 63 Gregorio Cruz _________________ _____ do _______________________ Real estate owner. 12--6- 5 14 91 Victorino Cruz _____________ . ___ _____ do----------------------- Laborer. 12-6- 6 15 68 Fidel PaE-cuaL ________________ _____ do _______________________ Real e&tate owner. 12-6- 7 15 96 Zacarias Mendoza _____________ _____ do _______________________ Salt-maker. 12-6- 8 15 74 Teodoro Santa Ana ____________ _____ do _______________________ Musician. 12-6- 9 15 68 Irineo Bernabe ________________ _____ do _______________________ Real estate owner. 12-6-10 15 85 Mauro Leonardo ______________ _____ do _______________________ Laborer. 12-6-11 15 77 Felix Cruz _________ ------ _____ _____ do _______________________ Real estate owner. 12-6-12 14 83 Prudencio San Pedro ___________ _____ ao _______________________ Farmer. 12-6-13 15 87 Joaqvin Manteza ______________ _____ do.---------------------- Carromata driver. 12-6-14 15 72 Francisco Santos ______________ _____ do _______________________ Employee. 12-6-15 15 86 Abelardo Rodi iguez ____________ _____ do----------------------- Physician. TotaL_ 223 1,171 [ 146·] M I s c E L Surrender of all Arms, Explosives Military Administration Assures Public No Punish· ment Will Be Imposed on Persons Complying with New Proclamation IN compliance with instructions of· the Director-General of the Japanese Military Administration dated January 17, 1943, Chairman Jorge B. Vargas of the Executive Commission has issued Proclamation No. 7 calling upon Filipinos who are still concealing or possessing firearms, ammunitions or explosives to surrender them to the Japanese Military Police, to any branch of the Japanese Military Administration or to any officer of the Bureau of Constabulary. Chairman Vargas, quoting the instructions of the Director-General, assures the public that those surrendering firearms and ammunition will not be punished as their act will be considered a gesture of sincere cooperation towards the establishment of peace and order. The 1>roclamation follows: PRocLAMATION No. 7 CALLING UPON FILIPINOS TO SURRENDER ON OR AFTER JANUARY 23, 1943, THE FIRST ANNIVERSARY OF THE ORGANIZATION OF THE PHILIPPINE EXECUTIVE COMMISSION, ALL FIREARMS, AMMUNITIONS, AND EXPLOSIVES. WHEREAS, on February 19, 1942, the Headquarters of the Imperial Japanese Forces called for the surrender of all firearms, ammunitions, and explosives, in obedience to which and in the interest of peace and order, many persons surrendered firearms, ammunitions and explosives; WHEREAS, it has come to the notice of the Japanese Military Administration and the Philippine Executive Commission that there are still some persons concealing firearms, ammunitions, and explosives who would like to surrender them now but are afraid to do so for fear that the Japanese Military authorities will punish them for failure to surrender them before; WHEREAS, the Imperial Japanese Forces have demonstrated to the Filipinos by the magnanimity of their acts that they are the friends of the Filipino people and that they are exerting every effort to promote the happiness and welfare of the people of the Philippines. L A N E A P AG-ALINSUNOD sa mga tagubilm ng Tagapamahalang Pangkalahatan ng Pangasiwaang Militar Hapones · noong ika-17 ng Enero, 1943, inilagda ng Pangulong Jorge B. Vargas ng Sangguniang Tagapagpaganap ang Pahayag Blg. 7 na nananawagan sa mga Pilipinong may iniingatan pa o itinatagong mga sandatang pumuputok, pungl6 o mga dinamita na isuko ang mga ito sa Polisia Militar Hopones, sa alin mang sangay ng Pangasiwaang Militar Hapones o sa sino mang pinuno ng Kawanihan ng Konstabularia. Tiniyak sa madla ng Pangulong Vargas, sa pagsipi sa mga tagubilin ng Tagapamahalang Pangkalahatan, na ang mga magsusuko ng mga sandatang pumuputok at mga punglo ay hindi parurusahan sapagka't ang gawing ito ay ituturing na isang pagpapakilala ng matapat na pakikipagtulungan sa pagtatatag rig kapayapaan at kaayusan. Ang pahayag ay itong sumusunod: PAHAYAG BLG. 7 NANANAWAGAN SA MGA PILIPINO NA ISUKO SA 0 PAGKARAAN NG IKA-23 NG ENERO, 1943, IKA-ISANG TAON NG PAGKAKATATAG NG SANGGUNIANG TAGAPAGPAGANAP NG PILIPINAS, AND LAHAT NG SANDATANG PUMUPUTOK, MGA PUNGLO, AT MGA DINAMITA. SAPAGKA'T noong ika-19 ng Pebrero, 1942, ang Himpilan ng Hukbong Imperial Hapones ay nanawagan sa pagsusuko ng lahat ng sandatang pumuputok, punglo at mga dinamita, at sa pagtalima rito alang-alang sa kapakanan ng kapayapaan at kaayusan ay rriaraming tao ang nagsipagsuko ng mga sandata, punglo at mga dinamita; SAPAGKA'T napapansin ng Pangasiwaang Militar Hapones at Sangguniang Tagapagpaganap ng Pilipinas na may mga tao pang nagtatago ng mga sandatang pumuputok, punglo at mga dinamita na nagnanais isuko ang mga ito ngayon nguni't nangangambang isagawa ang gayon dahil sa takot na parusahan sila ng mga maykapangyarihang Militar Hapones sa di pagsusuko nito agad; SAPAGKA'T ipinakita na ng Hukbong Imperial Hapones sa mga Pilipino sa pamamagitan ng mga kagandahang-loob nila, na sila'y mga kaibigan ng bayang Pilipino at pinagsusumikapan nila ang lahat ng magagawa upang maibigay ang kaligayahan at kagalingan ng mga mamamayan ng Pilipinas; [146] Full Cooperation WHEREAS, we have pledged complete cooperation with, and loyalty to, Japan in order that the Philippines may be worthy of a place in the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. WHEREAS, the act of concealing firearms, ammunitions, and explosives is inconsistent with our pledge of cooperation and loyalty and is an obstacle to the speedy establishment ·of peace and order in the Philippines since they may fall into the hands of lawless elements who are looking for such firearms, ammunitions, and explosives; and WHEREAS, January 23, 1943, marks the first anniversary of the organization of the Philippine Executive Commission and of the beginning of complete and harmonious cooperation between the peoples of Japan and the Philippines; Now THEREFORE, pursuant to the authority conferred upon me as Head of the Central Administrative Organization by Order No. 1 of the Commander-inChief of the Imperial Japanese Forces in the Philippines, and in accordance with the instructions contained in Political Information No. 19, dated January 17, 1943, of the Director-General of the Japanese Military Administration, I hereby call upon the Filipinos still concealing or possessing firearms, ammunitions, and explosives to surrender the same on January 23, 1943, or as soon as possible thereafter, to the Imperial Japanese Forces, to the Japanese Military Police, to any Branch office of the Japanese Military Administration, or to any officer of the Bureau of Constabulary, who upon receipt of such surrendered fireal'.ms, ammunitions, and explosives shall immediately turn them over to the Imperial Japanese Forces. Fears Unfounded The fear of some people that they may be punished for not having surrendered the said firearms, ammunitions, and explosives, in accordance with the abovementioned requirement of the Japanese Military Administration of February 19, 1942, is unfounded be-:_ cause the Director General of the Japanese Military Administration has assured the Chairman of the Executive Commission in Political Information No. 19 that such people will not be punished when they surrendered their firearms, ammunitions, and explosives in accordance with this Proclamation. By voluntarily surrendering such firearms, ammunitions, and explosives, they would be demonstrating their sincere cooperation towards the establishment of peace and order in the Philippines aside from doing one of their Lubusang Pakikipagtulungan SAPAGKA'T nanumpa tayo nang lubusang pakikipagtulungan at katapatan sa Hapa9n upang ang Pilipinas ay maging karapatdapat sa isang puwang sa Lupalop ng Magkakasamang Kasaga?aaan sa Lalong Malaking Silangang Asia; SAPAGKA'T ang pagtatago ng mga sandatang pumuputok, punglo at mga dinamita ay nasisinsay sa isinunipa nating pakikipagtulungan at katapatan at isang hadlang sa matuling pagtatatag ng kapayapaan at kaayusan sa Pilipinas sapagka't maaaring mahulog ang mga ito sa mga kamay ng masasamang-loob na sadyang naghahanap ng ganyang mga sandata, punglo at dinamita; at SAPAGKA'T ang ika-23 ng Enero, 1943 ay siyang kaganapan ng ika-isang taong pagkakatatag ng Sangguniang Tagapagpaganap ng Pilipinas at simula ng lubusan at nagkakaisang pagtutulungan ng mga mamamayan ng Hapon at ng Pilipinas; DAHn. DITO, naaalinsunod sa kapangyarihang itiniwala sa akin bilang Pinuno ng "organizacion centrc;il administrativa' sa bisa ug Utos Big. 1 ng Ktt. Pinuno ng Hukbong Imperial Hapones sa Pilipinas, at pagalinsunod sa mga tagubiling nilalaman ng Patalastas na Pangkapayapaan Blg. 19, noong ika-17 ng Enero, 1943 ng Tagapamahalang Pangkalahatan ng Pangasiwaang Militar Hapones, tinatawagan ko sa pamamagitan nito ang mga Pilipinong nagsisipagtago pa o nagiingat ng mga sandatang pumup~tok, punglo at mga dinamita na isuko ang mga ito sa ika-23 ng Enero, 1943, o sa !along madaling panahon pagkaraan ng araw na ito, sa Hukbong Imperial Hapones, sa Polisia Militar Hapones, sa alin mang Sangay na Tanggapan ng Pangasiwaang Militar Hapones, o sa sino mang pinuno ng Kawanihan ng Konstabularia na sa sandaling tanggapin ang isinukong sandatang pumuputok, punglo at mga dinamita ay ililipat agad ang mga ito sa Hukbong Imperial Hapones. Walang Saligan ang mga Pagkatakot Ang pagkatakot ng ilang mamamayan na sila'y mapaparusahan dahil sa hindi pagsusuko ng mga nasabing sandatang, pumuputok, punglo at mga dinamita, alinsunod sa binanggit na kahilingan ng Pangasiwaang Militar Hapones noong ika-19 ng Pebrero, 1942, ay walang saligan sapagka't tiniyak ng Tagapamahalang-Pangkalahatan ng Pangasiwaang Militar Hapones sa Pangulo ng Sanggunian Tagapagpaganap sa pamamagitan ng Patalastas na Pangkapamayanan Blg. 19 na ang mga taong ito ay hindi parurusahan kung isinusuko nila ang kanilang mga sandatang pumuputok, punglo at mga dinamita bilang pagalinsunod sa Pahayag na ito. Sa kusang-loob na pagsusuko ng mga ganitong sandatang pumuputok, mga punglo at mga dinamita ay ipinakikilala nila ang matapat nilang pakikipagtulungan sa pagtatatag ng kapayapaan at kaayusan sa Filipinas bukod pa sa ginagawa nila ang isa sa kanilang mga tungkulin bilang mabuting mamamayan. Sa paguukol nila ng lahat ng pagsisikap alangalang sa maagang ikatatatag ng kapayapaan at [ 147] duties as good citizens. The Japanese Military authorities, in devoting all their efforts towards the early establishment olt peace. and order, desires that all obstacles to the construction of a New Philippines be removed. They have shown to the Filipino people, by their magnanimous acts, that their sincerity is above suspicion and beyond doubt, and the p~ople of the Philippines should fully reciprocate such magnanimity by responding promptly to this appeal. JEWS ARE GIVEN STERN WARNING Chinese Profiteers also Warned by Administration N ON-COLLABORATING Jews, whether they have nationality or not, and without regard to the country of which they are nationals, will be dealt with most drastically, declared a solemn warning issued by the Japanese Military Administration on January 25. There are indications that profiteering, espionage and other activities not in harmony with the policies of the Japanese Military Administration are being conducted by Jews who are parasites in the countries in which they reside, the statement emphasized, and scathing penalties will be meted out to the offenders. The warning issued against non-collaborating Jews by the Japanese Military Administration is as follows: "In keeping with the spirit of Hakko Itiu (Universal Brotherhood) , Japan does_ not discriminate against any particular race or people. Hitherto, she has adopted just and tolerant measures regarding the treatment of enemy nationals. "However, it was to the great regret of the Japanese Military Administration that among the Jewsa part of the third party nationals (irrespective of their nationality )-there were some who committed refractory and arrogant acts, abusing the benevolent measures of the Imperial forces, and were subsequently punished. Must Be Faithful "The Jews, as we all know, are people without a motherland; they are a wandering race. They are parasites of the countries in which they live. Due to this circumstance they ought to be more faithful than the other nationals in respecting the traditions and laws of the countries in which they reside. However, facts have proven this to be the opposite. "It appears that there is a considerable number of Jews who harbor antagonism against the present German Government. Moreover, they even assume a similar attitude toward the Nippon Empire which is allied with Germany merely because they had been driven out of Germany and other Axis controlled areas and forced to move to Asia. "There are indications among Jewish residents of the Philippines of the following activities: kaayusan, hinahangad ng mga maykapangyarihang Militar Hapones na mawala ang lahat ng hadlang sa pagtatayo ng isang Bagong Pilipinas. Ipinakita nila sa bayang Pilipino sa pamamagitan ng mga gawaing may kagandahang-loob na ang katapatan nila ay hubad sa pagpapanggap at hindi mapagaalinlanganan, at dapat na tuguning lubusan ng mga mamamayan ng Pilipinas ang ganyang kagandahang-loob sa pamamagitan ng pagtalima agad sa panawagang it6. Hoarding of Goods "The cornering and hoarding of commodities for the· purpose of raising the commodity prices through sinister Jewish maneuvers (this has resulted in great suffering among the masses) ; "Or, exploiting Filipino women or women of third party nationality, taking advantage of their difficulty to make a living. "Or, the participation in espionage activities taking advantage of the return of peace and order in Manila and other key cities in disregard of the fact that the Philippines is still within the zone of hostilities; "Or, otherwise behaving out of harmony with the policies of the Japanese Military Administration. "We hereby issue a solemn warning tl\at if activities such as those enumerated above are discovered, the perpetrators will be dealt with most drastically by the Japanese Military Administration irrespective of whether the Jews have nationality or not and without regard to the country of which they are nationals. "We add here that regarding the profiteering· conducted by a section of recalcitrant Chinese, the J apanese Military Administration has issued strict warning through the Chinese Association." Justified Warning I T is unfortunate that some Jews who, just before the war, came to the Philippines seeking our hospitality should have been indiscreet enough to be involved in "refractory and arrogant acts, abusing the benevolent measures of the Imperial Forces." That there are indications that some Jewish residents of the Philippines are engaged in hoarding, profiteering, espionage and other activities out of harmony with the policies of the Japanese Military Administration, was publicly announced by the authorities who at the same time issued a stern warning. Those Jews, numbering more than eight hundred, were given refuge in the Philippines, after they had been refused entry in Cuba and other Latin-American countries, upon the understanding that they were to devote their energies to the founding of an agricultural colony in Bukidnon. Almost without exception, however, they have elected to remain in the big cities, principally in Manila, to engage in commerce and trade in open [ 148] violation of the terms upon which they were allowed to enjoy Filipino hospitality. Some, as pointed out by the Military Administration, have chosen to become non-collaborators, engaging in activities not in harmony with the policies of the administration. It can be said that the Jews are not alone in these criminal attempts to jeopardize peace and order in the Philippines. A number of other non-Filipinos have fallen in the same groove, have availed of the emergency to corner the market and hoard goods for the purpose of raising the price of commodities. But all this does not mitigate the case against the Jewry. Their future action alone can be expected to do that. Perhaps no other people on earth are more prone than the Jews to feeding their avarice during unsettled times. Jewish history all over the world tells of their scheming ways, of their unshakeable faith in the efficacy of money wih which to gain influence and power. We have often heard of their skill in develTALAAN NG MGA MANGHUHUTHOT HINDI pakitang-tao laniang ang pagkilos ng iba't ibang tanggapan ng pamahalaan laban sa panghuhuthot sa hangad na makalinga ang kapakanan ng mga mamamayan. Ang-"kamay na bakal' ay siyang ginagamit laban sa mga nagpapataas na lubha sa halaga ng mga pangunang kailangan sa buhay. Kahapon ay inihayag ng Konstabularia Metropolitana, upang mabatid ng madla, ang talaan ng mga taong dinakip hinggil sa kasalukuyang kilusan laban sa panghuhuthot at sa mga iba pang kagagawang nagiging sanhi upang mamahal ang mga paninda sa siudad. Ang talaan ng mga dinakip ay itong sumusunod: Sy Huat, 1112 Sta. Elena; Ching Chin, 623 Elcano, Tundo; Sy Kiok, 707 Sto. Cristo; Mariano Yu, San Fernando; Ngo Lok, 1005 M. de Santos; Tin Kay, 1227 Balintawak; Go Sun, 713 Folgueras; Tan Tian Sing, 629 Paz~1 Pako; Ngo Hay, 549 Perdigon; Tio Koc, 1729 Herran, Pako; Co Hui, 27 Plaza Simbahan; Carlos Chua, 1356 Herran; Chan Heng, 996 Eloisa, Sampalok; Kho Tan, 605-7 Dart, Pako; Ng Woo, 653 Dart, Pako; Miguel Nicolas, 302 Visita, Int. 9; Claro Belo y Laiza, 262 Invernes, Sta. Ana; Sia Bing Tiok, 203 Mulawen Avenue; Ong Su, 609 F. B. Harrison; Lorenzo Go Lieng, 27 P. Ducos; Ngo Suy at Mary, 41 Elizondo, NEW RETAIL PRICE LIST T HE latest price schedule for controlled prime commodities and other manufactured food-stuffs recently put under the superv1s1on of the price control agents of the Bureau of Commerce and Industries for enforcement has been released for the guidance of the buying public. The price list includes those of commodities under the PPCDCA control as well as products whose prices have been fixed by the price control division. Prooping the people's passion for luxury and extravagance to the end that Jewish cupidity be served, and served with thoroughness. Their usurious instincts are notorious in all civilized countries where finance and industry are in any measure organized. So it would seem natural that some of the Jews who have come to the Philippines as political refugees should have succumbed to their traditional passion :for illegitimate ways of amassing wealth. It is well that they should be reminded of that fact now, and of the further fact that the Philippines, under the protection of the Imperial Japanese Forces, cannot countenance any behavior among the Jews that would create disorder and inflict additional suffering upon the lives of the poor. We believe the warning issued by the authorities to be both timely and fully justified. Now that the recalcitrant Jews have been warned, responsibility for what happens in the future is fully theirs. -THE TRIBUNE, Jan. 27' 1943 Kiyapo; Chua Ho, 25 Lardizabal; Chua Lip, 648 Raon, Sta. Cruz; Ngo Sin, 2421 Ave. Rizal; Jose Chua at Chua Yong, 49 Blumentritt; Ong Peng, 201 Sylvia; Anacleto Borromeo, 812 Lavezares; Exequiel Cruz, 348 Decena, Pasay; Corazon P. Cruz, 712 Zamora, Pandakan; Sy Hoc Chan, 744 Dart, Pako; Felisa Arriola, 148 San Anton; Juan F. de Leon, 541 Burgos, Pasay; Paula Celestino, 519 Madrid, San Nicolas; Severino. Eluna, 1334-A Oroquieta; Norberta Francisco, 418 Maria Clara; Catalina B. Mendoza, 525 M. de Santos;: Tan Pat Dee, Mandaluyong, Maynila; Tan Heng, Blumentritt; Ching Eng, 5 Sto. Cristo; Alejandro Pamilosa, 983 Azcarraga; Doroteo Igar, Kho Tai Teng, 440 Sto. Cristo; Chu Choe at Jose Castaneda, Lim Bi, 567 Galicia, Sampalok; Josefa de Avilado, 15 P. Villa, San Juan; Rosario Basco, 956 Don Quijote; Leoncio Tan, 155 Int. 2 D. Santiago; Emiliano Marcelo, 2226 Sulu; Tan An, 37 D. Santiago; Maria C. Santiago, 109 Int. 3 Solis; Diosdado P. Mendoza, 55 R. A. Reyes, O'Donnell; Ysin Chua, 165 Soler, 1123. M. Santos; Tan Pee, 190 Rosario; Ng Chu Chai, 1002 Comercio; Juanito Esaguerre, Kalookan, Maynila; Salome B. Esquivias, 1708 Herran, Pako; Ang Tong Ha, 42 Rosario. ducers' prices are also the retail prices if the goods are sold directly to consumers by the producers. The latest retail price schedule which in the future will include other essential needs also to be pricefixed, is as follows: As to CIGABETTES, the prices are per package and according to the brands, as follows: Abutin, P0.13; Akebono, P0.22; Arado - de Oro, .P0.13; B. B. B., P0.14; Bowling, P0.25; Cagayanes, P0.17; Capitol, P0.20; Chorritos, P0.15; Corona Regaliz, P0.16; CoJ,'t,os Extra, [ 149] P0.15; El Amor, P0.14; Farmer, P0.16; Filipinas Blanco, P0.18; Hebra, P0.18; Indian Head Largos, P0.20; Katipunan, P0.12; King, P0.20; La Aurora, P0.13; Labang, P0.15; La Bicolana Cortos, P0.14; La Dicha, PR.15; La Estrella, P0.12; La Grandeza Cortos, P0.13; La Grandeza Largos, P0.15; Liwayway, P0.15; La Nobleza, P0.14; La Simpatica, P0.14; La Simpatica Largos, P0.15; La Suavidad, P0.15; Mahaba Blanco, P0.17; Mahaba Regaliz, P0.18; Ninfa Filipina, P0.15; Pagkakaisa, P0.15; Pals, P0.07; Pectoral BBB, P0.15; Rositas, P0.17; Rosalina, P0.12; Sport, P0.20; Tabacalera Grandes, P0.18; Taliba, P0.15; and Uliran, P0.12. LARD prices are by cartoon or kilo, as follows: Bamboo Breeze, P0.60 per kilo; Bandera, P0.60 per kilo; Diamond, P0.29 per cartoon, or P0.60 a kilo; Gem, P0.60 per kilo; Gold Cup, P0.60 per kilo; Lico, P0.60 per kilo; Purico, P0.29 per cartoon or P0.60 a kilo; Rose, P0.60 per kilo; Sampaguita, P0.29 per cartoon or P0.60 a kilo; Three Eagles, P0.60 per kilo; Viva, P0.60 per kilo. MATCHES: Palm, big box, P0.02 a box; Rizal, small box, P0.01 a box. SALT: (Any kind locally made), P0.13 per ganta. The retail prices of laundry soap by the piece or per kilo, are as follows: ., Bandera bar yellow, P0.28 a piece, or P0.34 per kilo; Camel bar white, P0.27 a piece or P0.33 per kilo; Lico ball yellow, P0.34 per kilo; Luto bar yellow, P0.28 a piece, or P0.34 per kilo; Luzco Viteado bar blue, P0.34 per kilo; Luzon bar white, P0.15 a piece, or P0.36 per kilo; Luzon bar yellow, P0.14 a piece, or P0.34 per kilo; Okey bar yellow, P0.21 a piece, o:r;- P0.34 per kilo; PMC bar white, P0.34 a piece, or P0.36 per kilo; PMC bar yellow, P0.32 a piece, or P0.34 per kilo; PRC bar white, P0.29 a piece or P0.36 per kilo; PRC bar yellow, P0.28 a piece, or P0.34 per kilo; PRC bar blue, P0.34 per kilo; Viva bar white, P0.22 a piece, or P0.36 per kilo. Toilet Soap: Katipunan, P0.15 a cake; and Savoy, P0.20 a cake. SucAR retail prices are: Refined, P0.20 a kilo; Washed, P0.15 a kilo; Brown. P0.11 a kilo. MISCELLANEOUS: Bayrum (Holy Star Perfume Co.)-Pl.00 per liter (producer's price). Coconuts, P0.35 each, retail; P0.10 3-pcs., price. In the next issue of The City Gazette: Coco Turron (Manila Food Industry) : 1-190 pie<:ea-f'1J50 per/100 (producer's price); 200-400 pieces-Pl.30 per/100 (producer's price); 401-1000 pieces-Pl.20 per/100 (producer's price); 1,001-2,000 pieces-Pl.10 per/100 (producer's price); 2,001-4,000 pieces-Pl.00 per/100 (producer's price); 4,001 or more-P0.90 per"/100 (producer's price). Glossy Face Powder (Farmacia San Fernando) P2.40 per doz. (producer's price). Mass Wine (San Beda Wine Factory) P2.50 per liter (producer's price). NAcoco PRODUCTS (price are retail and wholesale): Laundry soap: Bars-P0.25 or P0.23 in lots of 500; BallsP0.10 or P0.095 in lots of 500; Facial soap-P0.20, or P0.17 in gross lots; Santan (jars)-P0.60 or P0.55 in doz. lots; Santan (tins)-P0.30 or P0.27 in doz. lots. Ladies Salacot mestiza-Pl.00 less 10% in doz. lots; Ladies Salacot dalagang bukid-Pl.00 less 10% in doz. lots; Ladies Salacot mandarin-Pl.00 less 10% in doz. lots; Children's Salacot, mestiza-P0.90 less 10% in doz. lots; Children's Salacot, dalagang bukid-P0.90 less 10% in doz. lots; Children's Salacot, mandarin-P0.90 less 10% in doz. lots. Men's Hat, assorted-Pl.50-Pl.80 less 10% in doz. lots; Cowboy's hats-Pl.80; Nepa hat, brown, unblocked, without cloth turban and sweat band-P0.50 less 10% in doz. lots. Doormat, plain-Pl.50 less 10% in doz. lots; Doormat, combination-Pl.SO less 10% in doz lots. Skating mops-P0.40 pair, less 10% in doz. lots. Kitchen Brushes-P0.12 each or P0.10 in lots of 100 or more. Floor Mop w/handle-P0.80 less 10% in doz. lots. Ladies Handbag, new type-Pl.20-Pl.80 less 10% in doz. lots; Ladies Handbag, square and round handle-P0.50 less 10% in doz. lots. Ladies Belt, buri-P0.50 less 10% in doz. lots. Traveling Bags; Big-P2.50; Medium-Pl.50; Small-Pl.00 less 10% in doz. lots. Shelter Lite No. 60-Pl.50 less 10% in doz. lot. Vinegar-P0.14 a liter; 12 centavos a liter wholesale. Coco Milk-P0.07 ~ pint net; Coco Lait-P0.07 ~ pint net; Nacoco Salad Oil-Pl.00 a kilo; Nacoco Brittle Candy-P0.90 per/100; Nacoco Brilliantine-P0.40 per bottle; P0.35 in doz. lots; Salad Oil-P0.55 per bottle, P0.35 in doz. lots; Milk, canned (Federation)-P0.26 per 16 oz. tin. "Bigatin" a short story in Tagalog, by Amado V. Hernandez. "The Choosen Enemy" by, Mauritz Hallgreen-a background essay in the Greater East Asia War. "Esteros"-a problem of Public Health and Civic Esthetics. To Filipino Writers: The City Gazette welcomes short stories and sketches in Tagalog or English competently reflecting the current metropolitan scene, the creative spirit of the times, and the new hope tl~at the present social revolution is inspiring in the hearts of the people. [ 150] CITY HALL LITERARY, ART AND DRAMA COMPETJTIONS · In Connection with the Appropriate Celebration of the Birthday Anniversary of Jose Rizal on June 19, 1943 The first is an essay contest on "Rizal as An Orientalist" with cash awards totalling P750, a first prize of P500 and P50 each for the next best five. The second is an art competition in water color to give expression to the progressive life and spirit of the new regime, prizes of P300 going to the best entry and P40 each to the next best five. The third is for a musical drama on the subject "The Spirit and Outlook of the New Philippines", with the first prize of P500 and P50 each for the next best two. Rules of the Essay Contest 1. Subject: Rizal as an Orientalist. 2. Length: Not less than 10,000 nor more than 15,000 words. 3. Prizes: P500 for the entry adjudged the best and P50 each for the next best five. 4. Who may take part: All Filipino residents of the City of Manila. 5. Publication f'ights: All manuscripts become the property of the City, as well as the publication rights of all the winning entries. 6. All manuscripts must be in triplicate, typed double space, in English or Tagalog, under a nomde-plume. 7. Entries must be addressed to the Editor of the City Gazette, Office of the Mayor, on or before May 12, 1943. 8. Contests results will be announced on June 12 and prizes will be awarded on the birthday of the hero, June 19. Rules of the Art Contest 1. Subject: A Manila Scene most expressive of the Life and Activity under the New Regime. Inquiries: THE EDITOR, Announcing an Effandem Publication: 2. Prizes: P300 for the best and P40 each for the next best 5. 3. Participants: Any Filipino resident of the City of Manila may take part. 4. All entries will become property of the City including rights of reproduction of the winning entries. 5. The drawings must be in water color in size of at least 18" x 24". 6. Date of submission: On or before May 12, 1943, addreissed to the Editor of the City Gazette, Office of the Mayor, under a pseudonym. 7. Winners: Announcement of winners will be made on June 12 and prizes will be distributed on June 19, 1943. Rules of the Drama Contest 1. Subject: The Spirit and Outlook of the New Philippines. "Bagong Pilipinas." (Title) 2. Length: It should be of sufficient length suitable for a performance of not less than an hour and not more than one hour and a half. 3. Prizes: P500 for the best entry and P50 each for the next best two. 4. Participants: Filipino residents of the City of Manila. 5. Publication and performance rights: All manuscripts entered become the property of the City of Manila as well as the publication and performance rights. 6. All manuscripts must be in triplicate, and in Tagalog, including the music and lyrics, and should be submitted under a pseudonym. 7. Entries must be addressed to the Editor of the City Gazette on or before April 12, 1943. 8. Results will be announced on May 1 and prizes will be distributed on June 19, 1943. City Gazette-Tel. 2-24-53 "WITH HARP AND SLING" (COLLECTED POEMS) By ALFREDO ELFREN LITIATCO Special Limited Edition Publication Issue: February 26, 1943. Reservation for copies at P4.00 payable in advance to: Mrs. A. E. LITIATCO, Philippine Tuherculosis Institute (San Juan de Dios Hospital), Walled City. Inquiries: FEDERICO MANGAHAS, The City Gazette, Tel. 2-24-53. MAP CITYOFTMANILA SCALE I 80.000 LEGEND _l'_A_ • -·-·-·- • C•tlj Bo"'nd.;,r Oo!>troc.l B 'j • (j) • C oundar'j - on" true tc:d Road Railroad l,.wc.k~ • - D1colric:t·~ Off.c..o • Cot~ Hell u B l.. .q C A N ..J <( N 0::: 0 DI LI MAN Q. HEIYEI PAR - j ' ANAQUE ; \ I \ i \ I PROVINCE \ I" \ OF \' I '~J RIZAL .lAGUNA DA' .llAY Manila : Bureau . of Printing : 1943