The Coconut Journal

Media

Part of The Coconut Journal

Title: The Coconut Journal
Issue Date: Volume I (Issue No. 9) September 1941
Year: 1941
Language: English; Spanish
Rights
extracted text: Compliments Compliments of of Biglang Awa Bazar Insular Sugar Refining Corp. D. STO. DOMINGO & SONS Mandaluyong, Rizal Philippines Dry Goods, Hardware, Grocery, School and Electrical Supplies, Etc. Boac, Marinduque .11'111i/11 ()jfi,·1·: Telephone: 2-42-19 Phil. Nat'I Bank Btd9. .l/1111i/n S.11/, .~ t}iii1·• : Telephone: 4-82-37 330 Del Pan USE NACOCO WOOD PRESERVATIVE and protect your HOUSES from ANA Y and other wood-destroying insects "Keep The Termites Away" NACOCO WOOD PRESERVATIVE protects costly houses at a very cheap price. Manufactured and Sold by National Coconut Corporation Banco Hipotecario Bldg. Plaza Cervantes, Manila ~;EPT. 19H Motorists Prefer ..... Auto-Lite S~art Plugs We carry in stock complete line of Acceso· ries, Supplies & Automotive replacement parts for most popular Cars & Trucks - all of the hi9hest quality and standard, reasonable prices: U SL Batteries Auto·Lite Spark Plugs Blackhawk Jacks, Tools & Wrenches Grey Rock Bl'ake Lining & Clutch Facings Sparton Horns & Service Parts USL Batteries - Dayton Fan Belts MANILA AUTO SUPPLY :\lanila 500-6 Azcarraga Kills the Pests wherever they are. Distributors 633-637 Azcarraga, Corner Juan I.una Tel. 4-87-78 - -1-9-1-76 (Hr:mche!c> al) Acknowledged throughout the world to be a most effective pest destroyer Because a little CYANOGAS 9oes a long way, it is a most economical insecticide or rodenticide. Unique and distinct - different from· other pest-control materials. Insects or rodents do not necessarily have to eat or even touch it. 'fh~y merely breathe the gas and are killed instantly. Hacolod Araneta St. ~ ~ CYANOGAS has been used for years the world over without causing an accident. Easy to Use - Acts Quickly and Thoroughly FOR INFORMATION WRITE TO liifiillit.1 95 ESCOI.TA ·p .. \GE 1 'fHE COCOXUT JOl'RNAI .. The Coconut Journal 1 ,(QPRA .AND COCONUT l l ____ PRODUCTS REVIEW Published monthly by the NATIONAL COCONUT CORPORATION By E. L. GONZALES Burea11 of Co11rnie1·ce VOL. I Benjamin· Salvosa, Editor Pedro M. Gimenez, Business Manager Godofredo Zandueta, Associate Editor Manila, Philippines CONTENTS ENGLISH SECTION Copra and Coconut Products Monthly Review By E. L. Gonzales New Turns in Philippine Copra and Oil T radc By Cornelio Balmaceda Nation-wide Copra Improvement: A Vital Necessity By Moises .ilf. Kalaw Fountainhead of Various Industries By Conrado Benitez Coconut As Food By Maria Orosa Pictorial Glimpses The Housewife ....... . By Vfrtudes M. Guinto SPANISH SECTION Evaluando Nuestro Valer Por Pedro M, Gimenez El Coco en Progesi6n Ascendente Por Jaime C. de Veyra Quezon Y La lndustria Cocalera Por Benjamin Salvosa Graduaci6n en las escuelas de Coco - - - - - - JULY COPRk The apprehensive attitude of the trade on th~ cottonseed oil price ceiling and holiday interruptions accounted for the small transactions for this commo-No .. '1 dity in the opening week with bids fluctuating narrowly between PS.SO and P9.00. But notwithstandinlf the price ceiling uncertainty, values spurted to P9.00 to Pl0.00 in the second week, following receipt of overseas advices to the effect that Danish bottoms -which were taken into CU!ltody by the United States l\:laritime Commission would be used for the United States-Philippine run to alleviate the current shipping difficulty. After the month's peak of P9.75 to Pl0.00-was reached on the 10th, however, values receded gradually until the clo!le of the month when the quotation stood at P8.00. The downtrend was in:3 fluenced by the destruction of one of l\ileralco's l(enerators by lightning which hampered operations of local crushers, the tenser development of the Far Eastern situation, and the protracted uncertainty of the much talked-of price ceiling. The month's average was P8.76 which was Pl.01 higher than the .. preceding month. Arrivals . ..also re-7 corded an increase of about 12 per cent compared with those of June. The American market opened at 3.75-4.00 cent~. 9 nominal, .with buyers on the sidelines awaiting clarification on the recall of Japanese bottoms and the decision of the OPACS on the cottonseed oil price 12 ceiling. The market closed at 3.85 cents. Buyers, per 100 kilos, delivered: 14 Opening Lowest Highest Clot1inr1 Rescada PS.50 P8.00 P9.75-P10.00 P8.00 AVERAGE PRICES FOR JULY, RESECADA PER JOO KILOS 18 1941 1940 1939 1938 1937 1936 1935 Plt76 P3.51 PS.54 P6.09 Pl0.77 P9.04 P6.60 ARRIVALS AT MANILA This Month . . . . . . . . . . 509,101 bags Previous Month ............ 456,428 " 19 July, 1940 ................. 470,282 " 21 COCONUT on, Local offerings opened at -to..20-~.21 -per .kilo, delivered in drums, but sagged. bff to P0.18-1/2 on 23 !~et~:~~:::~~ch price was maintained until the close A~T_••_v_es_d_e_I•_• _H_o_i•_• _________ 2_4 mont~ ~;:e ~~~t:~t s:;:: 5~~k~! :~~~~ ·::;:.gf.!~~ Address articles and communications to the Editor. Coconut Journal. P. 0. Box 290, Mtinila. Subscription rates, f>2.00 a year. $2.00 in U. S.:$3.00 Foreign. ft.20 the copy. September, 1941 Mtlnila PAGE 2 tank cars, Pacific Coast. Sales, ·New -'YOl'k, were done at 7 and 7-1/4 cents in: lhe··•econd -and closing weeks, respectively, .and futuns at· 6-318 in the eecond >Week. The market was aer.vous iand demoralized throughout the month on rumors· that· price ceiling would be due any moment. Manila, sellers, per kilo delivered in drums: (Please tu1"1i to page 11 ) · ~EPT. 1941 New Turns In Philippine Copra And Oil Trade By CORNELIO BALMACEDA Director, Bureau of ComJnerce NEW turns in the copra and coconut oil trade have developed this year. Despite the generally unsatisfactory shipping condition since the commencement of the war which shut off the European market and the inclusion of copra and coconut oil in the export control system, copra values for the first eight months of 1941 have recovered from last ye81''s record lows. In fact, average prices in May to August of the current year ha\'e exceeded the quotations which prevailed immediately after the outbreak of the war in 1939. Exports figures from January to July also point out new outlets for copra and coconut oil, thus compensating the loss of demand from Europe. Small buyers of copra and coconut oil prior to the present war are now fast developing good-sized volumes of business, which, if maintained, will mean larger outlets for copra and coconut oil. Nearby countries have now looked to the Philippines for supplies of coprn and coconut oil in increasing quantities. About 80 JJer centum of the Philippine copra crop are exported :mnually either in the form of copra or coconut oil. Resecada prices ,·eviewed Resecada this year had the handicap of a poot start. It opened in January as ·low as P3.75 per 1011 kilos, a level which approached the unprecedented 1940 low prices. Laboring under this disadvantage. the monthly average price in January was P4.2:1, only to drop slightly in the subsequent month to P4.06. But before the first quarter of 1941 was over, new hopes and encouragement were infused to the market. Prices began to move upward and started to recover from last year's lethargy. Despite extraordinary lai·ge arrivals of cop1·a in March which totalled an all-time high of 660,870 bags, Resecada average P5.08. This was P0.67 less than the 1939 average fo1· the same month, but had a slight edge over l\Iarch, 1940 which was PS.00, and over by about 30 per centum as against the bearish days of March, 1934. Ten years ago for the same month, Resecada was traded at P6.25 per picul and in March, 1936 highest price paid for copra was P9.26 per 100 kilos, the average being P8.7G. Substantial inquiries from the American mark~t pushed local values to higher marks in the next two months. Resecada made new levels and in l\Iay. the peak was reached at Pll.50, the highest price so far attained for the current year. Monthly average in May at P9.46 was well-above the 1939-1940 prices and in fact the best since August, 1937. Despite anticipation of liberalizing the export <'ontrol system to Russia, following the extension of (;t>rmnn hostilities to the Soviets and the seasonal low prod~ction of co1n·a, arrivals in June being 456,P7.75 or about 18 per centum less than l\Iay of the current year. The prediction of Mr. Leon Henderson, Chief of the Office of Price Administration and Civilian Supply, that price ceilings for cottonseed oil at "considerably below the market" may be established in view of the rapid increase in the price of cottonseed oil had prdouced an unsettling effect to Resecada. As the Henderson statement injected a note of caution, local traders avoided large committments. Prospects of increased tonnage in July following the announcement by the United States Maritime Commission that Dannish vessels would be placed on the Philippine-United States run lifted values from the recession in June. Resecada was traded as bigh ;.~s Pl0.00 by mid-July, but the activity of the market drid up in the second-half as a result of the tense political outlook in the Far East. The destruction of the l\leralco's generator which hampered milling operations of local crushers intenupted the flow of output, thus·accentuating. buyers' apathy to the acquisition of copra supplies at the prevailing quotations. As a consequence, July quotations averaged only PS.76. But this was Pl.01 better than the averare of the previous month and more than twice that .,r July, 1940 and about 58 per centum higher than 1939 for the same month. Compared with Resecada prices five years ago, July avcr11ge prices were about 30 per centum higher. Although the :l\'erage price in August was P0.38 lower than July, yet it may be pointed out that the trend indicated higher values for copra. Prices at the· closing week of August were moving to better marks; attributed largely to a set of factors, viz., the relief from imminent danger in the Far East; tho easing up of the freight situation; and the announcement by the OPACS that no price ceiling would be established for fab and oils unless deemed necessary, in which case a formal schedule would be is428 bags, avernge price for the month dropped to sued for the entire fats and oifs. At this moment of writing (September 13), Rcsecada is quoted as high as Pl0.25. with a possibility of doing business at silghtly higher prices for good parcels. Copra and eoconut oil uports analyzed Export figures. for the first seven months of the year indicate new and fast developing markets for copi·a and coconut oil Statistics compiled by the Bureau of· Census and Statistics show that Philippine exports from January to July of the current year have totalled \79,064,617 kilos of copra, 127,491,617 kilos of inedible cocc.nut oil, and 3,808,399 kilos of edible coconut oil. Of our copra shipments, about 76 per centum have been absorbed by the American market. This makes the United St:.ttes om· leading buyer still, but PAGF. 3 equally outstanding has been the demand from other countries. Japan now ranks second, with 29,157,531 kilos to her credit, constituting about 16.28 per centum of the total Philippine copra shipments. These exports are tremendously more than the combined shipments made in 1939 and 1940 to that country. Japanese imports from the Philippines totalled in 1939 only 2,151,183 kilos, which were reduced in 1940 to 210,289 kilos. In 1D3!l and 1!)40 exports to Japan are both under one per centum of the totals for each year. Despite the fats and oils resources of Soviet Ru;sia, she comes third in the absorption of Philippine copra exports. Shipments to Russia so far have reached 5,8!12,800 kilos, but this figure is very far off compared with that of last year which aggregated 22,488,144 kilos. There were no copra exports to Russia in 1939. Exports of copra to China bear close watching-. With a population of over 454) millions, no argument needs bi? shown to stress the importance of the Chinese market, considering its proximity to the Philippines. While only 49!!,060 kilos went to China in 1939, shrinking in 1940 to 101,600 kilos, shipment~ this year have now reached 8,271,166 kilos, thus accounting for about 4.61 per centum of the entire Philippine copra trade thus far. Possibilities are not remote that China would need enormous quantities this year. Of the smaller countries, purclmses by the Republic of Panama and by Chile are fast developing into good-sized business. New outlets are thus formed for our copra. The Republic of Panama for the first seven months of the year has imported from the Philippines 516,304 kilos, valued at P36,500. No exports to that area were made in 1939, but last year shipments totalled 724,648 kilos. Exports to Chile this year have already amounted to 406,400 kilos. In 1939 our copra business with Chile reached as high as 2,292,121 kilos, netting for . the Philippines P163,740. Chile is an intermittent buyer. No purchases were recorded for her account in 1940. But with the proper encouragement, bigger quantities may be attained this year. Philippine trade on inedible coconut oil this year suggests possibilities of expansion and development of the nearby markets. The United States is still our principal buyer. Exports for the first seven months of the year to the United States have reached 106,995,476 kilos which are about 83.92 per centum of the total shipments thus far. Our neighbors.Japan 2.nd China-are now second and third, respectively, while British Africa and Kwantung come next in importance. Japan did not import in 1939, but the negligible quantity sent in 1940 which totalled 6,00G kilos has increased this year to 13,874,417 kilos, valued at over a million and a half pesos. Exports to Japan are about 10.88 per centum of the total shipments of ined~ble coconut oil to all countries. In previous years shipments to Japan were always below one per cent of the total coconut oil trade. Philippine exports to China have now accumulated to 4,821,016 kilos, or about :l.78 per cent of the l'AGE 4 THE COCOXUT JOURNAL inedible coconut oil business for the first seven months of the year. This quantity which we are sure would be much more ut the end of the year, is already the highest on record as regards China, as exports in previous years fluctuated from a fraction to slightlr more than one per cent. Quantities shipped to British Africa are now approaching the exports made in 1939 und 1940. Total.,; for the first seven months of the year have aggregated 776,830 kilos as against 1,863,290 in 1939 and 1,321,756 last year, Philippine inedible coconut oil exports to British Africa, in fact, have exceeded th~ combined purchases in 1940 of Russia, Thailand, British East Indies, Hongkong, Malaya, Argentina, Dutch East Indies, and Japan, or about thrice as much th~ imports of Germany in 1939. Kwantung has to her credit this year 752,271 kilos, a close runner-up of British Africa. While no shipments were made in 1939 and 1940 to that a1·ea, this year's exports are almost at par with the quantities sent in 1940 ot Cuba and Russia put together, and slightly more than twice the combined exports in 1939 to Italy and Germany. Hongkong. Thailand, Chile, Costa Rica, and Malaya are also fast amassing bigger volumes. Thailand, for instance, has already exceeded its imports of 48,900 kilos last year by 2,000 kilos, and may still top its purchases of 77,436 kilos in 1939 before the current year is over. The imports of Costa Rica and Chile consisting of 34,648 and 59,497 kilos, respecitvely, may yet be extended to larger quantities. In the edible field, Hongkong leads the other countries as shipments from January to July thii; year have reached 1,427,493 kilos or about 37.47 per centum of the entire edible coconut oil exporti;. United States is second with l,1,j2,149 kilos to her credit, constitutin gabout 29.72 per cent. .Jarmn ranks third, with China clo~t;Jy following. While no shipments were made in 1939 and the exports in Hl40 C(lnsisted of an imdg-nificant quantity of 599 kilos, Jap~m now has already absorbed 570,02,'{ kilos, 01- roughly 15 per centum of this year's total shipments. China is credited with 533,976 kilos this ye:ii·. which is equivalent to about 14 per centum of all the exports This quantity is more than twic(' thlo' combined exports to the same country for the lai1t two years, and slightly more than the exports in 1!>40 to Dutch East Inrlies, France, British East Jndie.;;, B.irypt, Thailand, India, Burma, and Japan put together. Imports of Thailand and India this year have already exceeded the respective levels for the past two yea~·~. !hailand has ac:counterl for 59,852 kilos and Inclla with 40,G::!O kilos. . Ma~aya and British East Indies are lagging Le· hmd this year. Exports so far made to these couritries are very much below the 1940 figures. l\Jalaya has o?ly acquired so far 15,:J~4 kilos as again.st 442,_103 kilos of last ye~ll". Shipments to British East In.dies have a?10m~ted only to 8,9'.~0 kiloi1 comp:Lrt!d with 47,771 kilos m 19:19 and 90,791 kilos iu 1940. But before the year is over, the level.'! in fffPViou-1 .rears may yet be attuined. (Plera1e turn to pa[Je Hl) c 0 p rd dried by the Ceylon system, now being introduced by the Nation· al Coconut Corporat i o n, is much heavier and weighs more than sundried co· dried pra. Nation-Wide Copra Improvement: A V l'T AL J\.[ECESSI'TY By Moises M. Kalaw 1'1ch11il'fd _.t, .... -;;,,fiwf, .\"11lio1ml ("r1(·0111•t Corpon1tio1t ( 1-:tlilur·~ '\'1111': - l'hi,.. j .. !ht' lhird nr a st•rit•i:; ur ;ir. !idn; 1111 t•n11r;1 dl'ic•rs and rn11rn i11111r11n•nwnt h,- )Ir. h;1la"'. Tiu- rir"I artid1· 1•nlillt>d "l'1111ra llri1•ri- in till' :-\ari:1~·a l"onmul :-\chnul"" a111wan•d in lite l-'l'h1"11;in· ii:;sm• or lltis Journal. Tlw H'concl 1•11titlt•d "X.\l'O('() l'lan for lm11rm·ing l'hili1111i1w l'1111ra'" ran in llu- .\11ril i:<1111.-. .\ fo11rll1 iirlid1· 1•11lill1•d "l'rngr1'"!1 or till' X.\l"O('O l'n11ra lm11ron•m1•111 l'la11" will i111p1•ar "01111.) "1'111111/t,,11"' 1·01H·11 11,.. 11•or .... t i11 tlu• wodrl I ~:a~1::11~1 ·!0:~11~;~·~~~-n~l1~:~~1 it1~1~a~~(;u;,1~1,:~:~:~:~ ·~~~ lfat:111irm• i11 tlw polll'l'lll 1·oprn in the world. Thl'rl~ h:n··~ l.Jl'Cll l'llmplni11ti:; ;1g-:1i1111t this kind of 1·opra from oil manufadurcri:; and <·opra exporters. It h:ti: low<•re.I I he p1·1~Mt ig-c of Philip11ine <'opm al.Jroad. [)iffkull il'" haw hC'eu encounter1·cl in UMing- this kind of copra for nmnufad.uring food prorlul'ls. For many xc:u·:: now llwre have been :1tlempb to improve th<• qm11i~y nf Philippilw copr~1. This 1wohll'm wa11 rliscuss<>rl in till' I•'irMt Com·cntion of Cm·mml Planters in Fl'11 ruary, 1n:10. Dr. Raf;11•I R. l!;i;pi110 of the Colk•gl' of 1\gricullUl't' reading a p;qwr on copra drying methods in th;tt l'onvention c:1lk•d the attention of the mcmbl'rs to the fact that millions of fll':-1011 ar<· bei11g lost to l"Ol'OllUf J!l"O\\"<•rs because of the Jll'orludio11 of pool' J!l"arlt! <'opra. The l'ommon "tapahan" mdhOll of making copr:i. he further ~mid, is the "hc:-1t methml of making poor grndc co(lra." He adrncatcd the us(' of improved clryi111~ methodi:;. i\lr. I•'ilemon Pcrl'z. lill'll Sc("rd11ry of Public \Vorks. made ;1 vi1roro11s pl1·a for im111'0\•cd copra drying. Other members of th•' l'Oll\"CUtion were ali:;o strong for the eliminatfon of poor qualit~· copra, but since there was no organized group then to campaign for this mo\·cment, nothing definite was accomplished. Durin1r the convention. it was evident that the planters were already conscious that a serious problem was threatening theii· indui:;try. In l\farch, 1930, the writer in a circular for the College of Agriculture wrote: "The prodm·t of 1 he tapahan ii:; considt:'red the poorest in the world market, Whenever there is 11 slump in 11rices l.Je1·ause or ('l\"Cr-production. the Philippine "Tapaluui" 1·01ir:i jg thl" fir,;t to suffer, 11ince it c:mnot i:;t;mrl competit:on with th~~ high1.:r Ceylon j?radc. E1ll'mi1·i:: of Philippine prod1!ct~ hnl"l' nmde com11laint.s :tA"·iiusl tl1e quality of Philiprim: ('opra. Thi11 forms a good irrouml for rt>strictinJr thr entry of our products into the l 111ited Stales. B("/~idr~. er timr mafl .·ni111• 11•l1n1 11:e .!l'ifl he fm·ced to .'fCl'l'r 011r frrt' tradr rc,fot.ion:-1 u•it11 l/11• Pnifrcl Stat1'·"· In tltis 1•1•1•11t wt• will lie f.11·f'Pd to prorl.urc• l'llPIYI 1•q11al in quality to flu• rflp/"f: 11/ tithrr eo1mtries of t11t• /l'orld if we 11m11t tu :mr11i1•1• iii world rom1wfilim1. To lie read11 fo farr t11rs1• impl'lulhig danuns 1m- 11111st ymdmrlly hwpro1•e llw q1m/it11 (l.f 111ir t'CJPHI l'!I m1htg improve metliods." 'l"hi11 1irediction made in 1930 is actually coming PAGE 5 soon. We have to do something to our copra before that time comes if we want to save our coconut industry. Government 1noves ta help indusfry In spite of the desperate situation of the Philippinl! copra industry, not a single government entity moved to improve the situation. Only when the price of copra had reached the lowest level and when the copra industry was facing ruin that the government seriously thought of giving a solution to the problem. Even at that, it took a legislative mission around the world to convince our government that something was wrong with our copra. At last the long awaited National Coconut Corporation was formed. It was only after this government entity was formed that a nation-wide plan for copra improvement was made. In the April issue of the Coconut Journal, I described in detail the N acoco plan of improving our copra and the facilities offered by the National Coconut Corporation to planters in order to facilitate copra improvement. With thes~ facilities, there is absolutely no reason why a planter should not make good copra. Facilities fo1· acquiring Modern Dryers In previous years, when you approached a planter and tried to convinced him to make good copra, his answer would be somethinS? like this, "Why should I try to make good copra when they do not pay me any special price for it? If I construct an improved drier in order to produce good copra, it means an additional investment. Just now I don't ha\'e extra cash. The price of copra is low. Why should I make an additional investment when I don't expect any additional income?" With the facilities now offered by this Corporation, however, a farmer can have a copra drier on credit, payable in easy installments. The statement that there is no special price for copra is still true. The Cooke dryer is a two-story structure, the lower story is the oven or kiln where the fire is built, and the upper structure is the drying chamber where the copra is dried. PAGE 6 THE COCONUT JOURNAL At present 81!% of tlie copra in tlie market is bad copra. Only about 18% is considered fairly good copra. The small amount of good copra produced by the individual farmer is mixed with the greater bulk of poor quality of copra and becomes classified with the latter. But with the present nation-wide campaign of the National Coconut Corporation to improve Philippine copra, the greater bulk of Philippine copra will be of good quality and when the time comes there will be no place for bad copra. We hope to eliminate the notorious "tapahan" method by putting a Ceylon drier or an improved kiln of the Tan or College type in every plantation in the Visayas and Mindanao to eliminate the usually deteriorated sundried copra of these regions. Ther•! is no sensible coconut planter who would not want to produce good copra, if he will be paid a good price for it. Besides well dried copra has many advantages. It has been proved that the copra dried in the Ceylon system (now being introduced by the National Coconut Corporation) is much heavier and weighs more than the sundried copra. From trials made by a planter in Cotabato, it was shown t11at by drying in tlie sun, the 1000 nuts produced 275 kilos of copra., but tlie same type of nuts when dried in tile Ceylon drier, produced 292 kilos per 1000 m1t~. In Negros Oriental, it lias been observed, tltat in .•um dryin.g, tliey produced 225 to 230 kilos per 1000 nuts, whereas, the same type of mtts dried in U1e Cr.11lnn d1·ie1", produces at least 250 kilos per 1000 nuts. This increase in weight coupled by the fact that copra when dried by the Ceylon system does not deteriorate are among the advantages to be gained by the use of improved dryers. Furthermore, the moisture content is low and this prevellts further loss in weight during storage. With these advantages, all copra dealers will be willing to pay a better price especially if it can be produced in big quantities. (Please turn to page 14) Fountainhead Of Various Industries By CONRADO BENITEZ Assistant General Manager National Cocontd Corporation T HERE is this outstanding difference between a government corporation and a private business firm; that whereas the latter is prima1·ily concerned with the accumulaiion of profits for the benefit of its stockholders, the former's primary objective is a long-range develnpment of a specific industry or enterprise which would redound to the benefit of the most distant generations. A Philippine government corporation ordinarily seeks to readjust the economic set-up as our coming political independence requires by achieving the result of a planned economy through leadership instead of regimentation and to pioneer in economic development by undertaking scientific researches and preparations in those fields of activity in which capital has so far hesitated to venture. The National Coconut Corporation, as I pointed out in a recent radio speech, is not like an ordinary business concern whose main objective is to make profit, but rather it is more or less of a scientific institute for the acceleration and improvement of an industry affecting the lives of millions of Filipinos, and which because of the unsettled conditions in the world today, should be readjusted to a position independent of trade preferences in the United States. And this readjustment can easily be accomplished if the coconut producers will simply get together and cooperate in the attainment of a common objective. Just to give an instance. A small coconut kiln would cost around P2,000.00. Tl.is amount may be too much for an ordinary coconut planter, but 15 or 20 farmers constructing a common kiln will find the investment easily within their means. The National Coconut Corporation will construct the kiln for them, show them how to use it properly, and buy their charcoal at the market price. All parts of the nut can thus be utilized through this cooperative way, and from 1,000 nuts, a gross income can be secured as follows: Copra (230 kg. (11 P.03) .................• Coir fiber (150 kg. (ttl P.09) ............. . Actually, some 300,000 tons of fiber are thrown away every year, simply because the use of defibe1·ing machines has not yet been popularized. At the present price of 9 centavos a kilo, this waste fiber could be worth P27,000,000 to the Philippines. The old-fashioned method of extracting coir is by setting or soaking the husk in water for several months. Naturally, this process is tedious and the turn-over being slow, the tendency is to throw the husk away. But if we consider the fact that in jute sacks alone, the Philippines imports P4,000,000 annually from India, we might start looking at so much waste produ('t as so much potential gold. Coconut planters can purchase defibering machines from the National Coconut Corporation at very reasonable payment plans. Nacoco defibering machint! costs P700.00. These machines can defiber 1,000 nuts a day, or a capacity of 150 kilos of clean coir fiber a day of 10 hours work. The Philippines is the largest copra producer in the world. Not less than 600,000 hectares, or about % of the cultivated area of the country are planted with coconuts. Copra ranks second in importance among our principal export products. In 1939, copra shiplJlents totalled 295,460 tons valued at over 26,000,000 pesos. Beiri"g dependent on the world markets, the welfare and prosperity of the coconut producer~ depend to a large extent, on factors existing in thr. overseas markets, and on the immutable law of supply and demand. During the first World War, copra was sold in the local market at as high as P41.00 per hundred kilos, and coconut oil on the basis of P.80 per kilo. The 1914-1919 period was indeed the best in the history of the local coconut industry. But history did not repeat itself in the present war. A comparison of current prices of coconut products with those of previous years will reveal a world of difference. Today, values have come down before the impact of the European conflict, and placed many producers at the point of bankruptcy. Wood preservative (3 cans, (1f P3.60) ••.... High grade charcoal (36 kg. (r1' P.02) ..... . It is therefore, but proper that we turn to the by-products of coconut which properly industrialized can displace such costly importations as gasoline, Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P31.62 crude oil, kerosene, mineral carbon, paints, sacks, and p 6.90 13.50 10.50 .72 Charcoal from kilns, according to an authority on other articles. the subject, has been found to be of as high quality as To form a nucleus of an enormous body of skilled mineral carbon in the making of carbon electrode, gas wo1·kers in the industrialization of the coconut rnw masks, and for found1·y work in place of cake. materials, the National Coconut Corporation has set Coir fiber, today considered the most important up a number of schools, notably the one in Sariaya. by-product of the coconut, according to the same au-. for the teaching of home industries all over the counthority, can be made into a variety of things such as try to train men and women in the skill necessary to sacks, ropes, mats, rugs, fishing nets, plaster-board turn out the standardized products which the corpoand insulating materials. ration plans to manufacture out of the coconut raw PAGE i 1nalcria]:;. Thl'sc sl'hools will teach till' followini; : Ucttl'r method of nmking copra-improved dryiug (WO(·ess ; i\lcthods of makillit soap in the home- Nacoco :<osa mixed with an cc1u:1I amount of coconut oil, prnduccs :i good soap by means of a process whkh a five\"car old can master in one demonstration; • Production of ~ood lard ;md butter from the eo<·onut meal juice; Wea\"ing of hats from strips of processed coconut k:l\'l•:< ; )laking from coconut le;1ws braids to be exporh.'<I to the t :nited States for manufacture iuto variou:< a1ticles; Preparntion of coconut dishes- home-cookini: department of the schools dedicated to the eh(·ourngtlll('nt and introduction of coconut dishes in our daily diet; Prer:;aration of coconut charcoal for gas masks, a nntional defense item, with possibilities of profi~ ;ible exportation; Preparation of a wood prescrv<1tive from coconut shell- the NCC technicians got a hint.from the fact that coconut shells <tl'e Hc\·er attacked by termites and forthwith <levl.!loped it process for extractini: a prt•servative for wood from the coconut shell; l\lanufacture of coir frorr. the coconut husk, th;: long fibers for the m;1king of door mats. brushes, brooms, and similar articll.!s; - l\lanufacture of a panellini: material from the "shorts" of coir fiber, mixed with cem911t and asbe~nm COCO'.'ll'T JOl'lt:'liAL tos, the product having been proven as fire-proof, Sturdy, dur11ble, aud capable of competing with the rommercial wall board used in house construction; Preparation of coconut shell charcoal for motor fuel-the NCC technicians hcwe developed a device U\· which charco;1l is conwrted into gas and runs mo~ t~rs. The chal'coal costs only r.02 a kilo and 45 kilos, costing- P.90, arc all that is necessary to run a motot' truck from l\Ianila to Sariaya, a trip which normally costs from P4.80 to r5.00 in gasoline; ;\lanufacture of sugar and rice bags from coil' to replace the jute bags which are difficult to get these da)·s because of the war preoccupation of India an<l the disruption of maritime tr:insportation; and Production of margarine and other edible products from copra. All the products to be tul'!led out by the home industries and the plant:: of the NCC :ire to be standardized so they can be marketed in quantitie$, -.\·hether locally or :1bro:id. without any difficult_,. arising from \'ariation in specifications. De,·elopinJ.! these homt- industries based on th~' coconut, the NCC 1·xpccts to increase the total t•mploymcnt of the population in J,!ainful work, and at the same time au)!mcnt the total wealth-producinK actidty of the country. The self-sufficiency motif in the NCC's rch:1bili· tation of the coconut industry is dramatized by th-..• N'CC's own use of coconut oil. coconut shl.'11 :1:-: charcoal :md l"<t\\" shell for motor fuel in all its pl:mts. instead of imported crude oil, gasoline, kerosene or coal. SHELTER-LITE CANDLE l'AGt; H '.'\ACOCO CA'.'\DL.F.S THE LIGHT OF A HUNDRED USES HANIJY. SAl't:, A DEl'liNDJIIJL/i SOURCE 01' LIGHT RECOMMENDED FOR BLACKOUTS BY THE NATIONAL AIR RAID WARDEN Mnnufaeturcd by National Electric Corporation A unit or '.'\ational Coconut Cor11oraliun Plaut Dilaw, l'aco-MANll.A Coconut As Food By MARIA OROSA Cltief, Plant Utilization Division B11re<111 of Plant /mlustry W ITH the advent of Philippine independence in 1946, the Ph!lip11ine coconut industry, Jivcli-· . hood and mamstay of four million Filipino:::. will face the worst crisis it shall ever haw foce1t in its entire history. The coco1iut industry ha:-; for many years contributed to the wealth of onr people. The annual exportation of coprax, coconut oil. desiccated coconut and other coconut not be over-emphasized. It is ~enernl knowled.ite that th_c diet of our masses is deffident in fat, protein, minerals, nnd vitamins and addition of CO<'O· nut will undoubtedly mean its impl'Ovement, for co· conut is rich in fat and protein. Johns. Finks, and Gersdorff of the U. S. Depai-tmeut of Agriculture and Commerce, who pel'haps made the first studies on products \'alued at about sixty million pesos. will not only he diminished, but perhaps completely 1'toppt'd and both the coconut planl· t'I':\ anti cur ~overnment will suf . fi:r from the very heavy loss. _ _ ,_,,_ ___ the nutritive value _ of coconut meat, found that the principal protein of the endosperm of th1• coconut contains all the basic: amino-acids essential to growth and maintenance. l\litchell and Villesrns who worked on the digestibility of proteins from different feeds found that on a 5% protein the average utilization of coconut mca: protein is 77%, o{ corn 72%, :111d of soybean 78% . Cajori. who made some met:1bolism experiments on men anc1 dog on tht utilization of the nitroJ,?cn in protein-rich nuts, foumt that the "coefficient of 11il!"estiLility' of lhl:' different nuts Pully realizing the gravity of this impc11din)! catastrophe, His Ext·elency, the President of the, Philippine C:ommonwealth, by virtue of the passaJ,?e of Co~mon \Vl"lllth Act No. 518 on i\lay 7. 1!'140, t:reated the National Coconut Corpor:ition to sa\"c the .:oconutl industry from perdition. This 1·on1orntio11 dese1·\·es much Cl'edit for tlw t:ingihlt' :1ccomplishmt'11U it. ha:-i achieved within tht.> short :opau of its existence. Miss Maria Oros~ as folows: Onl' of tht.> activitit's of tlw National Co<'onut Corporation is the population of coconut as food :m1! I am Vt'l"Y ha11py to s:1y that the Plaut Utili7.ation Oivision of the Bul'e:1u of Plaut Industry has bceu :tble to do ils shal'c in cooperatinJ! with thl' National Cot·onut Corporation. In fact, even before tlw creation of thl' National Co('onut Corpol'alion, and !'inn• 19:1;1, the Plant Utilization Division, fo1·merl_,. 1 -lonw El'onomies Division of I he Department of AgricullUl'l' a11d Commerce, has hl'ell l'Xlll'l'imt'nlinl!' on tlw utili2ation of coconut a~ food anti has made <lemonsI r;1tio11s all over the Philippinl'S on the di\'l•l'sifil•tl ways of preparinJ.(' it ;1s a com1ione11t of our diet. On February 15 of this )'l'ar, the 01wni11J!' day of llw Exhihition of the n:icoco p1·01lucts at the l\lanila Tr:.idinJ!' Center of lhl' Bul'eau of Commt•i·ct'. a mimt"oJ.('rnphed pamphlet by !\lrs. PaciL•1wia E. LoPt'7. and l\li:-is l\laria Y. Oorosa containing ri1; re· dJll'S 011 COCONUT were 1listrih11kd. These were r<'l'cntly pl'inkd at lhl' ciq1l'nse of the Nationnl Col·ouut Corpo1·:1tion :rnd :ire hl'inJ!' distrihutl'd to :111 inkreslt•d partit•s, frl'l' of chal'J.('c. Thi::i- is 11ow hl·inJ.(' l'l'viSl'•I mul enlar)!ed to include 50 H'cipes of coconut tlisht$; 70 l'l'l·ipe:-i usi nJt J.('J"ecn coconut; 70 rcci]ll'S 011 mature coconut: !ill rt'd t•l'S on <·0<.·011ut c:rndi1·:-i; aml 70 l't•1 ·i111•s on 1·oconwal f111111· (l.a\'a flour I. 1'1w \':tlUt• of l'll('01lU1 ill lllll' 1Jail,\' 1lil'I. \':Ill Litchi nuts . Peanuts EnJrlish walnut:< Pecan Al morn I COCONUT . Brazil nuts . Almond 81 - 82 81 - 85 83 8:l - K.1 84 - K~ K7 • ~!) KK K4 - 89 Pt>ant1I 1mste . !'10 - 92 Pecan past.> 81 - 8:\ LanJrwo1·1 hy awl Holmes of the ll. S. Drparlm1•11t of :\~rkulturt', fou111l that the "coeffki;.•nt of c\i)!cstihility" of c0t·onut oil is 97.:\: sesame oil. 9X: eaeao butter, 9-1.9: and the t•nel'J!'Y actualh· av:1il able to the L0tly is n:u for ccl('onut oil; 9:t9 foiolive oil: n:l.-1 fol' cotton Sl't'll oil; !l:t9 for pc:umt oil: !12.ti for Sl•samc oil: 91.!l for eal·ao butter. Godbole am\ S:H\J!;IOpal found that whil1· t·ow's milk t·ont;dns only G:l.5 % (')f assimilabll' ~d.\"ci· i-idt>s, buffalo milk 5G% '; bet•f fat 4~ '7. ; and mul· l1m tal!ow .1r,r::: cot·onut oil coutains 91'/~ . In olhl'r words, thl' coconut oil contains the h;J.('hes: 1wn·1•nta1r1~ of :1ssin1ilable j.!"\yl'oridcs and is ewn morv 1lii.:-1·stihlt• th:rn lrntter fat. With rpfl'l"l'IU'l' to the \·it.amin conlt•nt of 1·01·<'· 11111 , tlw work of Sherma~1 sho\Vl'd lhat i: is a poo.11· soun·1• nf \"ilami11 A: ltut a i~nrn l solll'<"':; of dt:1(/'/.'mw /11r11 /,. pr1y1· ltil rAGE ~I Nacoco Gen. Manager Maximo Rodrigue:. and Col. H. Gilhouser of the C. E. A. Fuel and Transportation administration during a conference on emergency matters. and the "SHELTER-LITE" By HERNANDO G. COSIO Coconut Journal Staff Membe1· E N~:1Zu:~~~~b~:;:a{~;~ ~~~~!~!hftl~~h0~~et~~~;:~~ signal to l\fani\a. Immediately, the order is given: Black out! Lit up in her cosmopolitan grandeur. Manila after dark presents a glittering target that no self-respecting bomb could possibly miss. But if she can merge with the darkness of night before those planes can come within striking distance, she stands a healthy chance of escaping air-borne destruction. So, frantically, her sirens roar their banshee wail -urging everyone to hurry, hurry, hurry! Automobiles, buses, street-cars stop in their tracks. Neon-signs, lights on display-windows and street-lamps are switched off. Houses plunge into d<irkness or dim off behind closed shutters. In a few hectic moments, 1\fanila has obliterated her teDtale lights. Quietly, night draws its protective mantle over the city and its teeming thousands. Much later, the sirens come to life again, signifying "all clear." The foregoing description of a characteristic blackout rehearsal in :Manila and its suburbs is far from complete. For example, mention was not made of the many bruises and cracked shins sustained by people who groped blindly inside their homes during the b. o. rehearsals, stumbled upon stools and chairs or bumped against unexpected corners and posts. S~ much liniment and salve could have been saved, so many oaths and curses left unuttered had these "gentle" people availed themselves of Nacoco's "ShelterLite." l\Iention was not made either of the violations against b. o. rules by certain rugged individualists who c?uld have spared themselves the risk and bother of ~e1~g pro~e<:uted for such violations by simply equipping their households with "Shelter-Lite." These people must be taught how to spend their next blackout night with greater safety and convenPAGE 10 ience. The rule is simple: for your home or airraid shelter, use a "Shelter-Lite." It is a handy, safe and dependable source of illumination in dr:rcell form. It is useful not only during blackouts but also when electric power fails, such as during typhoons or lightning storms. It is also ideal as an emergency light in out-of·the-way places. It is elegant for altars and religious processions, without the smoke and danger from fire that candles usually offer. "Shelter-Lite" batteries are manufactured locally by the National Electric Corporation. Thousands of batteries of various shapes and sizes to suit different needs are made with coconut shell charcoal as principal ingredient for the electrodes. Efficiency of these "Shelter-Lites" are attested to by such high dignitaries as Lt.-Gral. Douglas MacArthur, commander of the U. S. Army Forces in the Far East; Floor Leader Quintin Paredes and Hon. Eugenio Perez of the National Assembly; President Pedro J. Campos of the Bank of P. I.; and Secretary Sotero Baluyot and Under-Secretary Sergio Bayan of the Department of Public Works and Communications. These gentlemen, writing to Assistant Gener;:.) Ma~ager. Conr~do Benitez of the Nacoco, expressed their satisfaction over the utility of "Shelter-Lite" thus"Dear Don Conrado: "Thank you so much for sending me the samples of 'Shelter-Lite.' We used them la11 t night with most satisfactory results. Mo~t sincerly, (Sgd.) DOUGLAS MACARTHUR From Mr. Campos came this testimonial: "I have found the 'Shelter-Lite' very convenient during blackout nights and consider it a product worthy of our growing national industry.'' SEPT. 19'1 "Thank you for the samples of 'Shelter-Lite' you kindly sent me. They proved useful in last night's black-out."-Sec. Sotero Baluyut. Again, speaking of the "Shelter-Lite" Under-Se.:retary Bayan said- "Jts usefulness will make it on~ of the most important by-products of the coconut industry." And from Hon. Quintin Paredes of the N atiomtl Assembly: "The 'Shelter-Lite' was very useful during the black-out the other night. I congratulate you and the National Coconut Corporation for the diligent research used in its manufacture. I hope your Corporation will produce more materials good not only for emergency purposes but also for everyday use." Which recalls to our mind the letter, written to the Nelco manager last year by His Grace, Archbishop Michael O'Doherty of Manila regarding the Electric Candle, another Nelco product. Wrote His Grace: "Dear Mr. Orland: "In response to your letter x x x asking permission to distribute the new electric candle, please be informed that we welcome tl1is sample as an addition to the splendor of Catholic worship. "The elegance of the electric candle and its advantage for us i11 tlie home and especially for religious processions a1·e very evident, so I approve of its use for processions by tlwse who may desire to employ it x x x." Yours devotedly in Cto. (Sgd.) M. J. 0.'DOHERTY COPRA AND COCONUT ... (Continued from page !) Opening Lowest Highest Closing P0.20-P0.21 PO.i8-1/2 P0.21 P0.18-1/2 COPRA MEAL: Local offerings opened at P20.00 per ton, ex-factory and closed at Pl8.00 on slack demand. In the United States a revision of the opening price of $35.00 per ton, Pacific Coast, was made on the 25t~ to $35.00-$36.00. The market closed firm at $36.00. DES/GATED COCONUT: After a protracted stagnancy, the American market showed some improvement on the 23rd, which was attributed to the concern of buyers over shipping situation, necessitating replenishment of stocks. On that day dealers quoted 8-1/2 cents for macaroon and medium cuts while other cuts were up 1/2 cents. AUGUST COPRA.-Resecada fluctuated narrowly between P8.00-8.25 during the first three weeks of August, local crushers being influenced largely by the ten~e political outlook in the Orient and by price ceiling discussions in Washington which imparted stagnancy to the American market. Toward the close, however, prospects of increased tonnage space and temporary relief from imminent danger in the Far East enabled Resecada to climb to P9.60, the local market being wellsustained by second-hand operators at generally 26-50 centavos over the current levels. A moderate volume of business changed hands at P9.50, suitable parcel11 being done at slightly higher prices at the end of the month. Despite the improved tone at the close, average prices for August fell off to P8.38, or 38 centavos less than those corresponding to July this year. Day to day price variations, however, appeared satisfactory to producers, the quotations during the month being about twice the bids immediately prior to the present war and about three times as much as the prices a year ago. Arrivals in Manila totalled 588,901 bags which were about 16 per centum more than those for July, 1941 and about 15 per centum over those corresponding to August last year. The Pacific Coast was a purely nominal affair. Prices were unchanged at 3.85 cents, with sellers generally reluctant to operate. Manila, buyers, per 100 kilos, delivered: Opening & Low Closing & High Resecada . . . . . P8.00 P9.50 AVERAGE PRICES FOR AUGUST, RESECADA PER 100 KILOS 1941 1940 1939 1938 1937 1936 1935 1934 P8.38 2.83 5.01 5.72 9.38 10.21 6.32 3.97 ARRIVALS AT MANl/,A This month ................ 588,901 bags Previous month ............. 509,101 " August, 1940 ............... 564,564 " COCONUT OI.-Outstanding development during August was the temporary suspension of trading on cottonseed oil and Jard futures pending clarification of the OPACS ruling on fats and oils. No price ceiling was created, but it was stated that if deemed necessary a formal schedule for all fats and oils would be established. Regulations issued by the OPACS governing trading on fats and oils included the prevention of speculative purchases for resale at a profit; the setting up of a 45-day time limit for deliveries against forward purchases excepting domestic oil crushing mills and importers ; the prevention of sellers from guarantying against price decline; and also the prohibition against fictitious price quotations. Despite the strength of related markets, business on coconut oil was dull as most sellers were generally withdrawn. Sales were made at about the end of the month at 6-1/8 cents, f.o.b. tank cars, Pacific Coast, holders thereafter asking 6-1/4 cents. There were buyers of bulk in New York at 6-3/4 cents for nearby against sellers at 6-1/4 cents, January-March shipment. At about the middle of the month, soyabean oil was done at 9-3/8 cents for spot and 9 cents for futures. Sellers at the close asked 9-7/8 cents for the new crop and 10-3/8 cents for the old. Manila, sellers, per kilo, delivered in drums: Opening Low Higli Closing Coconut oil . . . . . . . P0.18-1/2 P0.18 P0.20 P0.20 COPRA MEAL.-Local offerings were maintained at PlS.00 per ton, ex-warehouse, while the Pa~ cific Coast was quoted at the end of the month at $36.00, delivered. DESICCATED COCONUT.-Market featurless. PAGE 11 IV II CT1()ll2 llA\IL cl)ictorial Glimpses: Tu1• 11ant'I; \'it>w of banquet tendt'red by Laguna residl'nlio in lwnur uf Assis tant Gt"neral J\lanai:er Cunradu Henilez. N::u·ncu uHict'rs ai'ld dt>parlmt>nl chiefs were also present: tht' Nat•ocu booth al the Manila Trading Cenlu display room during lhe Ne pa Week. Second row, from left to right : pie· turt> uf the Nacoco prize-winning rloal during tht' :\epa 1>aradE'; Assistant .Managn Conrado Benitez delive ring :a radio speech in conneclion with the Nepa Week; anolht>r vie"' of the !'lucoco float. Third panel, from left to right: Alumni of lht' l ' nivl'rsily of Illinois pictured at the conlrul laboratory of lht' S:ariaya Coconut School during an excursion tl•t'rt'. Tht> ddE"gation was headed by Chief Engineer Hila· riun G. Henares or 1he N.acoco who explained to l ht•m lh" variou:< activities or Che schuol. Middle piclure s hows the "shellt•r-lite" in actual use al the banquet p;iven by Vice· Pr,•sidt>n1 in honor or lhe Governors League at his Sta. Mesa humt• which cuincided with the second blackout last Augus t 23rrl. The •'s ht'lter-lite" is a dry-ct'll baltt'ry which ha:- bt'en dt"1:1ued valuable for t'mergency uses. The next pholo sho~·s rcrmer National Derense St'Cretary Teorilo Sison with Mrs. Si:-un and other ufficials inspecting the bomb-s helter at tht' l'. I'. C.'am11us. :\01e piles or coir-bags. 11-i 11113 lt-i 11_ 11 f3 lt-i ir J \II THE HOUSEWIFE II Edited by VIRTUDES M. GUINTO BUKO SOUP1 c buko, cut in small squares 3/ 4 tsp. salt 2 c chicken broth 2 segments garlic 1 tbsp. Pu1·ico Saute garlic and remove when brown. Add chicken broth, then add buko and season with saldt. Serve with chopped hard boiled eggs if desired. BUKO AND STRING BEANS SOUP1 c buko, cut in small 1 small segment garlic, pieces pounded 1 c coconut milk 1/2 string beans, cut finely ! c beef stock 1 tsp. salt 1 tbs. fat pepper to taste Fry garlic and remove when brown. Add stock and when boiling, add string beans and cook until tender. Drop buko and boil 2 minutes. Add coconut milk, bring to a boil, and immediately remove from fire. Season with salt and pepper. Serve hot. BUKO MOONLIGHT 1 c buko, cut in small 2 eggs, stiffly beaten pieces 3 tbsp. lard 3 tbsp. boiled shrimps, 2 tbsp. constarch sliced in· pieces salt and pepper to taste Mix buko, shrimps, salt, pepper and cornstarch. Add well beaten eggs. Pour mixture in a hot frying pan containing hot lard, spreading the mixture in the pan evenly. Cook until light brown. Turn over to brown the other side. Cut in squares and serve with tomato catsup. FISH SPREAD1 medium sized bangos, 1/2 tsp. salt NATIONAL COPRA. (Continued from page 6) Loss to Philippine planters from bad copra The have been various estimates regarding the amount of money Jost by Philippine copra producers due to its poor quality. Some people figure that 5 to 10 million pesos are being lost annually to P. I. producers because of copra deterioration. According to Dr. F. C. Cooke, an English authority on coconuts, "The Philippines are losing about 200,000 pounds or P2,000,000.00 every year in its copra business due to its poor quality." He claims that because of the higher percentage of moisture of the Philippine copra abroad, there is a loss of about 5% on storage. The same author further says: "* * * The discrimination in Europe against Philippine copra has increased from 8 percent in 1929 PAGE 14 dalagang bukid or na- 1 / 4 c pure coconut milk valiita pinch of nutmeg 2 c diluted coconut milk juice of 6 calamansi 2 egg yolks Boil the fish in the coconut milk to which has been added the calamansi juice, salt and a pinch of pepper. Flake the fish and mash fine. Add the rest of the ingredients and cook for a few minutes, stirring well to avoid the mixture from sticking to the pan. Spread between two slices of bread. VISAYAN LUMPIA1 coconut heart 1/Z c shrimp juice 1/4 kilo shrimp 1/4 c talwri 1/2 kilo pork salt to taste 1 tsp. sugar lard Boil the shrimps and pork until done. Cut into · small pieces and extract the shrimp juice from the shrimp shells. Cut the coconut heart ( ubod) into strips. Saute the shrimp and pork, then add the coconut heart and the shrimp juice. Simmer in a slow fire until the coconut heart is tender. Add the sugar and salt and cook a minute longer. Cool. With a little sugar, mash the tahori and saute in hot lard. Wrap the lumpia wrappers spreading first the tahori, then the fresh lettuce leaf, and lastly the coconut heart. LECHE PLAN DE COC01 c pure coconut milk 1 tbsp. caramelized sugar 2 yolks 2 tbsp. sugar Beat yolks slightly. Add the coconut milk and the sugar. Caramelize the sugar in the baking pan. Then add the previous mixture and bake in a slow to 20 percent in 1934 (basis Ceylon prices); this with the present low prices, is indeed a serious penalty." (y). It can be seen from the foregoing, that Philippine copra because of its poor preparation, is losing around 25% of its real value. The following table will show how our copra is rated in the London Market. COMPARATIVE PRICES PER TON OF THE PRINCIPAL GRADES OF COPRA IN LONDON Order I Grade I. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. I f.m.g.w.s. f .. m.s. lf . .rn.s. I f.m.s. I f.•m.s. I f.m.s. f.m.s. Country Malabar Ceylon Java Straits N. Indies South Seas Philippines I 1929 l 193' P246.79 I P N.Q. 235.93 98.47 225.56 92.59 227.05 91.88 -I 215.69 J 78.69 218.65 l 78.60 SEPT. 1941 This is a photograph of Engineer Juan Macaraeg of lligan., Lanao, pictured in fronf of his Ceylon drier which was constructed for him by the National Coconut Corporation. Copra i1nprovement must be nation-wide It becomes imperative that in order to have a special price for good quality copra, every individual planter must produce it; in other words, copra improvement must be nati.on~I instead of, as at present, being done only in isolated spots. The Tayaba3 and Laguna coconut planters .nrnst do. away with their "tapahan" system of making copra. Those of the Visayas and Mindanao should stop their sun drying GMUt.ID rLOO"- rLl'IM IMPllOVtD C 0 0 Kt and build the newly introduced improved driers in their plantations. In this way, our copra will have a better name abroad and will command a higher price. At present Philippine copra is always way dowu in price compared with the Ceylon copra. If the quality of our copra reaches the grade of Ceylon copra, the Philippine coconut industry and our planters may once again enjoy the thriving days of prosperity. D Ry ll PAGE I:> COCONUT AS FOOD. (Continued from 'f)(Lge 9) min B nnd G. ThP. work of Miller showed that the soft spoon or young coconut h>.11'1 a hig-her vitt1.min A content than the mature one. There seems to be a conflicting report on the vitamin C content of coconut for while some invt:!iligators believfthat vitamin C is lacking in all forms of Coconut others believe that it is present in water and in the soft pulp juice of the }'oung coconut. BANERJEE found that the coconut palm juice is very rich in vitamin C and that it did not change in quantity after spontaneous fermentation for 24 hours. II<' also found that the green coconut kernel contains less vitamin C than the coconut palm juice. Biswar and Ghosh found that the largest amount of vitamin C is found in the follicle of the germinated fruit, that the vitamin C content in the water is richest in the gl'een nut with soft pulp and that it diminishes in the water and pulp as the coe'>nut matures. Hehmano and Sepulveda who worked on the vitamin B content of different Philippine foods found that the immature meat contains no appreciable amount of vitamin B. Salmon and Goodman, however, found that mature coconut h&s sufficient vitamin B content. THE COCONUT JOURNAi, A certain amount of roughage in our diet is conducive to a normal assimilation and the intake of concentrated foods alone is often the cause of digesti\"e disturbance. It. follows, therefore, that coconut may be most advantageously used in a diet consisting of bread, crachers,, biscuits, cakes, boiled ric~. and boiled roots. Dr. Vicente La\·a of the Bureau of ~cience, produces coconut milk which is very palatable and highly nutritions as a by-pl"oduct of the Lav& process in the manufacture of deodorized highly refined coconut oil. He claims that the lacking \0 itami11 A and inorganic constituents, may easily be supplied. The coconut milk he makes when flavore.i with chocolate has a better taste than other cocolait pl'oducts here. In the Lava proces, cocor:ut flou1· is also produced as one of the by-products. This flour makes good cake-", breads, bisl·uits, muffins, =ind mam· other palatable preparations. Recipes of this flou-r will be included in the revised, enlarged booklet on coconut by Mrs. Pacienci:i E. Lopez and l\I iss Maria Y. Orosa. I hope that I have succeeded in couviudng you that coconut is an excellE:nt food. For heth.•1· health and for the good of the coconut indu-ltry and more coconut in your daily diet. NEW TURNS. turns for copl'a., more p:i.rticularly so if one of I 11,. (Cm1tinmid from page 4) objective!\ of the National Coconut Corporation lo tlw Conclusion :!~~~t b~h:!a~~!~ ~::~:r ~~:n c~:ap:c~~ra be )lrodul·~·1I By and large, therefore, it may be bro:i.dly st:ited (21 The Joss of the European mnrkct. at ll•"i'\I that- whil<.! the war exists, may in time be off:.iet by lh~ (1) Prices of Resecada are the best :since the increasing demand from nearlJy countrie!\ and tlw start of the war and judging from recent trends it development of markets which are deficient in fol)\ may be said that producers may yet obtain higher re- and oils. TABLE I-PHILIPPINE COPRA EXPORTS 1 9 3 9 Quantity Value Quanlity Value Quantity I Value (Kilos) (Peaoe) (Kilos) (Pe11mi.) Country of Destination I (Kiloa) (Pesos) 1 9 4 0 1 9 4 I (•) United State!\ I 225,076,847 15,1160,132 213,601,4'18 12,382,764 134,8211,416 !l,176,545 France I 46,290,571 3,104,337 84,182,506 2,615,805 Russia I 22,488,144 1,129,881 5,892,81111 2fil,UUO Sweden I 16,678,194 1,108,828 12,126,695 85'1,9'18 Great Britain I 8,079,437 425,305 Spani!!h Afriea I 4,927,600 388,000 Denmark I 17,144,865 1,lll0,636 5,384,000 369,620 Spain I 1,624,000 lfJfl,000 5,1180,0110 260,971 Italy I 2,635,449 173,012 Mexico I 27,292,795 Panama, Republic of I 2,336,800 160,0011 724,648 :W,2116 516,3114 31;,r.1111 Japan I 2,151,183 146,362 Egypt I 2,328,996 153,367 China I 499,060 32,2811 Germany I 5,853,213 367,163 Malaya I 469,817 26,926 210,289 6,11811 29,157,531 2,fi27,47fi 51,6911 6,fHJU 1111,61111 4,200 8,211,Hir. 6611,418 Netherland!! i 50,269,688 3,284,163 Turkey 610,759 54,490 Chile 2,292,121 163,140 Gibraltar 2,295,038 167,5110 4116,400 fifl,t4:J TOTAL i 4110,66'1,131 26,802,495 3 ll,9:UJ,371 18,8112,'122 1'19,1164,fil7 12,r.22,1182 - - - - - - - - - (")January-July, 1941 only --------~ PAGE 16 SEPT. 1941 TABLE II PHILIPPINE COCONUT OIL EXPORTS, (INEDIBLE) l 9 3 9 1 9 4 0 1 9 4 1 (•) Quantity I Value Quantity Value Quantity I Value Country of Destination I (KHos) -1 (Pesos) (Kilos) (Pesos) (Kilos) (Pesos) United States I 155,587 ,480 16,734,0'4 158,283,670 16,192,280 106,995,476 13,426,578 British Africa I 1,863,290 179,752 1,321,756 143,653 776,830 121,170 Canada I 3,846,833 405,929 8,089,875 799,429 Sweden I 1,483,253 I 221,104 3,776,342 475,001 Italy I 46,138 I 6,231 1,627,807 272,872 France I 9,875 1,376 1,573,764 227,608 Switzerland I I 903,117 136,958 Belgium ! I 609,020 101,680 China 482,047 75,489 449,441 59,665 4,821,016 692,238 Cuba ,304,800 34,247 508,000 47,290 Russia 304,800 27,000 Thailand 77,436 11,268 48,900 9,600 51,000 12,760 British East Indies 309,648 61,167 44,792 9,157 Hongkong 93,211 16,296 49,814 7,426 118,222 14,341 Malaya 316,412 67,826 27,868 5,587 7,913 1,626 Argentina 20,108 4,958 Dutch East Indies 26,'180 5,710 14,793 4,176 Japan 1 5,006 1,089 13,48'1,41'1 1,535,726 Germany 273,614 29.000 French East Indie! 5,994 1,213 Kwantung 752,274 129,800 Coiita Rica 34,648 9,464 Chile 59,49'1 19,800 ToT.i\L 164,724,711 17,839,651 177,4.58,863 18,525,329 127 ,491,293 15,963,482 (•) Januar)·-Jul)', 1941 only. TABLE III rHJLIPPINE COCONUT OIL EXPORT (EDIBLE) 1939 1940 1941 (x) Country Quantity I Value Quantity I Value Quantity I Value --------- --------CKiloa) (Puoa) (Kilos) (Pesos) (Kilos) (Pesos) llnngkong 2,064,666 361,490 6,362,228 857,572 l,42'1,493 202,061 Malaya 30,'1'11 6,0311 442,lO:J '11,189 35,334 6,447 United States 648,612 90,'168 634,327 55,615 1,132,149 207,150 Chi ml 3,266 ... 280,688 50,874 533,9'16 100,578 Dutch East Indies 122,292 29,051 174,683 44,282 7 7 France 175,499 27,750 Chinn, Pnrtuguefle 167,47(; 21,536 Rritiiih East Indies 47,771 10,33'1 90,791 16,105 8,930 1,150 Jo~grpt 63,676 11,898 Thailand 6,440 1,1116 46,550 7,40'1 59,862 10.217 India 18,674 2,647 411,630 6,909 Burma 7,000 1,320 Ja.1lan 599 158 5711,028 120,0110 -·----·-TOTAL 2,913,696 499,226 8,443,294 1,198,352 3,808,399 i 758,6116 (x) January lo July, 1941 only I The best substance for filtering air, particulal'ly in gas mask!;;, jg charcoal made from coconut shell. One gram of its particles, or less than a teaspoon contains about 3,000 square yards of ab1 Aorbing surface.-ColUcrs, August 9, 1941. "Keeping up with the World." PAGE 17 -11 Secc;on Castellana itEvaluando Nuestro Valer Por PEDRO M. GIMENEZ Contralor Co1·poracion Nacional del Coco. (Traducido al español) PARA evaluar el valor neto ó para evaluar los logros de una institucion reciente organizada, como lo es la Corporación Nacional del Coco, ó cualquiera otra corporaeion, privada ó gubernamental no se debe usar las ganancias y perdidas monetarias como la unica vara para medir su futuro. Porque de hecho, la Corporación Nacional del Coco es nueva y es una empresa precursora concebida para explotar un vasto campo que hasta el presente nunca ha sido explorado, y no obstante este hecho, halla su camino sembrado de obstaculos colocados por la ley. Si su misión debiera ser unicamente el acumular ganancias, la Junta Directiva pudiera haber asignado todo el capital entero de la Corporación a la concesión de prestamos la cual está autorizada a efectuar bajo la carta organica, y de esta forma hubiera sido capacitada a proclamar por los cuatro vientos que habiu realizar dentro de los diez meses de operación ganancias en vez de perdidas como sucede comunmente en cualquiera empresa nueva. Pero el lucro no es su mision principal. La Corporación Nacional del Co!!O está 1-equerida por mandato de la ley a resucitar un "moribundo," a llevar a cabo una delicada operación quirúrgica, pero está privada de ciertos instrumentos vitales. La Corporación no está autorizada a comprar y vender copra ni tampoco esta autorizada a dar subsidios ó prestamos a aquellos que están dedicados n fabricar copra ó aceite. Lo que implica estas prohibiciones que estan contenidas en la carta organica de la Corporación significa simplemente que la Corporación es impotente para estabilizar los precios df' la compra en Filipinas; por tanto, el precio de este artículo vital no siempre es dictado por el factor de LA OFERTA Y LA DEMANDA (supply and demand), sino que tambien lo está por los deseos de ciertos elementos. Bajo estas circunstancias, la Corporación Nacional del Coco se encuentra obligado a buscar campos enteramente nuevos y, gracias al genio de la Junta Directiva, esta ha hallado nuevos usos de los diferentes productos accesorios del coco. Como se recordará, la Corporación Nacional del Coco fué creada bajo la Ley del Commonwealth No. 518 teniendo por principal objetivo la rehabilitación de la industria cocalera colocandola en una situación independiente de las preferencias comerciales en los Estados Unidos de America. La Corporación cuenta con una capitalización autorizada de P20,000,000.00 de la cual solamente P2,000,000.00 han sido pagadas y P2,500,000.00 ya apropiadas pero aun no liberadas. Del capital pagado, la Corporación Nacional del Coco' tiene gastado desde el dia de su organización el 20 PAGE 18 de Agosto, 1940, por sus maquinarias y equipos P547.245.55, por los trabajso de investigación Pl0,351.60. por cantidades dadas a préstamos P7 ,905.00, por reseca dores de copra construidos a base de pagos paulatinos Pl,320.51, por maquinas de hilar y maquinas de telar para la fabricación de sacos de arena como parte del programa de Defensa Nacional P75,957.65; 298,016.89 por gastos de organización, y P26,369.75 por campañas educacionale!'l para propagar la industria del hogar, ó sea un total de gastos de P899,247.65 incluyendo todos los otros gastos miscelaneos, hasta el 30 de Junio de 1941. Durante el mismo periodo, la Corporación hizo un total de ventas por varios productos accesorios del coco en la suma de P30,698.13, consistentes en su mayoria de los siguientes: Carbon de chireta, sombreros, chiretas, copra, fibras, calzados, novedades, mobiliario, articulos comestibles, sacos, esteras, filtros, sacos de mano, preseTVativo~ de madera, jabon, lejía, y varias clases de productos de fibras. Hasta el presente, han comenzado a ope.rar las escuelas en las siguientes provincias: Tayabas (Sariaya y Atimonan) y Laguna. Otras se están construyendo en Capiz, Mindanao, Samar, Leyte (bajo construcción), Cebu y la Bicolandia. En todos estos centros se utilizan los productos accesorios dl?I coco para la confección de articulos utiles en el hogar tales como esteras, cepillos de cocina, estropajos, sombreros, sacos de mano para señoras, y abanicos etc., fibras de bonote para jarcias, sacos de arena, filtros de aceite, y carbon de chireta. La perspectiva de la Industria El Buró de Ciencias, la Compañia de Fomento Nacional y la Nacoco, tienen bajo experimentos nuevas fases de la industria tales como la fabricación de tejas, tablones aisladores, tablones de yeso (plaster board) todos confeccionados con fibras de bonote; carbon activado para mascaras contra el gas y fines de descolírimiento, electrodos para pilas secas y focos electricos (flashlights), todos confeccionados de la chireta del coco. Concediendo mas tiempo para completar estos diferentes experimentos y con la norma de nuestra Directiva de producirlos comercialmente al costo mínimo, me atrevo a decir con toda sinceridad que la industria cocalera pronto cobrará nuevo arriendo en la vida, vigoroso é independiente de nuestras relaciones comerciales con los Estados Unidos de América. Desde luego que, como hemos dicho previamente, los esfuerzos de la Corporación hacia esta fin resultarian inutil a menos que el público coopere favoreciendo los productos de nuestras industrias. El Coco En Progresion Ascendente por J. C. DE VEYRA -Tri ng, trring, trrring. -Servidor: ¿qué desea? -Soy tu esposa. ¿Sabes que hay un nuevo objeto, en que puedes poner otra vez tu admiración .Y tu pluma? -¿De qué se trata? - Que Mrs. Quezon acaba de desempacar. para los di;.is de su esposo, un regalo de la Naco<'o, consistente en un juego de escritorio. -De coco, otr:1 vez? -De coco también. Este diálogo vino a interrumpir mi asistencia a una sesión del Instituto de Lengua N;icional. No puede acudir, por eso, inmedintamento, a invitación tan cortés como elevadas; pero fui n casa de los Quezon en Pasay, tan pronto como pude. "Y lo que vi, ¡vive Dios! Que me hizo estremecer .. Sí; ille ego qui quo11da111 ... dcscribi. según Dio,; me dió a entender, "un juego de te", hecho con matel'ial de coco. La historia se rept'tía, algo más agranclada, algo más embellecida y con más empeño. sobre la misma materia. Imaginnos. El Presidente estaba aUSt'lltt'; má~ su sitial t'staba alli. ¿No saben ustedes que el es de Tayabas? Tayabas es el asiento del cocotero, el país de promisión ... del N<u·uco. Bien. bien. La casa está entrap:ula poi' v;1rias partes; Jos muebles. arrumbados: todas las cosas. en desorden, porque atraviesa un periodo de reconst1·u(·ción. El ingenit'l'O·ilrquitecto Siochi va de un lado a otro. l\le conducen al porche adual (que fue antesala en otro tiempo) y allí veo una mesa-ministro. con sillns alrededor y equipo de escritorio. PAGE l!I -¿Son de narra? -Son de coco-me contest~n . . Me tengo que restregar los ojos, para convencerme. Nunca pensé que, con nuestra popular palmera. se pudiese producir un mobiliario. Me ·siento en una de las sillas (cómoda, confortable y sólida), para examinar de cerca Jos objetos. Estoy en una silla estilo Luis XIV, sin exageración. Me muevo violentamente, para probar la estabilidad :.· solidez, y el mueble responde afirmativamente. Para <1segurar el "comfort", dire que el asiento tiene 50 cm. X 58 cm. y el alto del espaldar es casi un metr:"J (98 cm.), ambos con· embejucado afiliagranado. Es todo un señor sillon. El Presidente (que posee un alma inquieta) puede accionar holgada y seguramente. Frente a este sillón está la mesa-escritorio. Es un mueble en toda regla. No basta verlo: hay ~ue vasar las yemas de los dedos sobre su superficie pulimentada. ¡Brillante y fina! Puede hacer competencia con la mejor narra o tindalo. Las pequeñas piezas, en tiras diagonales y tan perfectamente ajustadas, que apenas permiten notar las junturas, constituyen el tablero, de un metro por uno y 60 cm. Es labor esmerada de ebanistería. Como dije, es mesa-ministro, con cajón central, otro pequeño a Ja izquierda que remata en anaquP.I, THE COCO!\l'T JOl~U~ ,\I. y n la de•·echa. tres cajoncitos en series. Todo el material, también de coco, menos las partes interiore1' . Sobre Ja mesa, una armazón con columnillas qui~ sostienen la pantalla horizontal para luz eléctric<i. : cu el centro, dos tinteros con ún faisán de adoroo . .\". a ambos lados, dos plumas en sus re~pectivos porta· plumas a la moderna. Todo, todo, de palma cocoter:1. excepto el faigán (que es de metal) y Jos tinteros, de vidrio. A un lado d~ esta superficie, un retrnto del Prl'· sidente, en busto, fotografía ilumilrnda. de •·b:ll'on¡.:-tagalog", sonriente. Dedicatol'ia : Su Excelencia M. L. Quezon. 19 Agosto 1941. NACOCO El marco del retrato mide medio mct.ro de alto. Simula un doselete, mostrando en relieve las pleg;1duras del cortinaje. Un detalle, para terminar, la "mal'ca de fábl'ica" : /lld11stl'ial .4.l't Slwp by E. A. Col'tes-N<u·"co, Suritt· y11, Tayaba s. Y una exclamación, de mi parte: Q"ad mn1wm1-nt1•111 llP/'l! pere1tni11s! SEPT. 19.t.' Ouezon Y La Industria Cocalera Por BENJAMIN SALVOSA Sec1·eta1·fo-Teso1·ero, Corporación Nacional de Coco (Traducido al Cll8tellano) Tal vez no existe ningún otro individuo que haya podido hacer tanto por la industria cocalera en este país como el Presidente de Filipinas, cuyos días celebra hoy el gobierno del "Commonwealth." Es una feliz coincidencia el que sus días cayese en la vispera del primer aniversario de la organización de la Corporación Nacional del Coco. Poco después de su sexagésimo cumpleaño en 1938, el Presidente recordó a los plantadores de Mindanao sobre las "numerosas necesidades y usos de nuestro coco," y urgió que "nosotros los redescubramos para que de esta forma se aumenten no solamente nuestras exportaciones del coco sino también nuestros consumos locales." Allá por Febrero de 1988, el Presidente dió seguridades a una numerosa delegación ele plantadores de coco que él haría todo lo posible a fin de que se destine una parte de los fondos de sisa del aceite de coco "parn la promoción de la industria del coco en Filipinas, tales como trabajos de explo· ración que conduzcan al descubrimiento de nuevos ui;os del coco y pueda revivificar nuestra industria coprera." La promulgación de la Ley del Commonwealth No. 518, que crea la Coi·por:ición Nacional del Coco y que provee un fondo especial conocido por "Fondos Para la Promoción de la Industria Cocalera" los cuales fondos no excederán P20,000,000.00, fué el cumplimiento y ejecución de la palabra dada por el Presidente a los plantadores de coco en 1938. Dos millones de pesos fueron apropiados y hechos dispo· uibles como capital inicial de esta Corporación-la primera cantidad tomada de los millones de los fondos de sisa del aceite de coco para el beneficio de l:i industria cocalera. J.;s un hecho que los esfuerzos del Presidente hizo posible la disposición de una parte de los fondos de siim para el salvamento de más de cuatrocientos cual"t'lltaidos millones de pesos P442,000,000.00) invertidos en la industria cocalera. El primer p1·oyecto que emprendió la Corporación Nacional del Coco fué el llevar a cabo el programa d1~ induslrialización sugerido por el Presidente en 19:~8. La Corporación es ordenada por ley a emprender, como actividad principal suya la propia utilización de los productos accessorios del coco. Durante el breve periodo de un año, la Corporación ha demostrndo que el coco tiene una extensa v:1ril•dad de uso.::; industriales y comerciales. Ahor:~ ya t•s posible fabrci:u· guangoches, tejas, sacos, tahlones 1iara la 11:11·t·ll, tablones plasticos y aisladores; 1:1 chireta se p11ed1• utilizar para la fabricación de botune1-1, lwhillall, Júm11:u·:is 11:11·11 luces electricas y ult·nsilios lh~I ho1.mr; la "copr:i cake" se puede utilizar 1•11 Ja fahricadón de :ibonos mixto11 y alimentos de ganados y el carbon de la chireta es util como absorbente en la mascara contra el gas, y como sustituto del carboin mineral capaz de proporcionar fue1·za mo· triz para motores, coches y maquinas. El coco se consume constantemente en forma de jabón, manteca y mantequilla. Unas 300 confecciones culinarias que utiliza el coco como ingrediente principal va ganando popularidad en los hogares Filipinos. Este descubrimiento de los numerosos usos del coco por los cuales abogaba el Presidente hace tres años podria ser la solución para los problemas y dificultades con que tropieza la industria socalera estos días. Las demandas locales y de ultramar en cuanto n productos del coco son tan grandes que se puede considerar como el factor mas halagadoi· sobre el cual puede depender la salvación de la industria. Un mercado lucrativo tanto en el pais como en el extrungero pod1·ía desarrollarse para sacos, guangoches, tablones, colchones y tejas. Una exportación anual de Pl00,000,000.00 puede realizarse en sacos solamente. Los Estados Unidos de America gasta $50,000,000.00 en sacos de yute anualmente, para fines de defensa nacional y obras de presa. Las impQrtaciones locales de sacos de la India ascienden :al promedio de cuatro millones de pesos al año. Filipinas tiene todas las facilidades para eliminar estas importaciones de sacos en el pais, asi como para ganar domi:iio de su rico mercado en los Estados Unidos de América. El yute necesita ser sembrado, cosechado, enriado, desfibrado y tejido en sacos. Las fibras de bonote, siendo un mero producto accesso1·io, no necesitan ser sembradas para producirlas. Unas cuantas semanas de enriamento, desfibración é hilación las pondran listas para la máquina de telar. Tomando en cuanta la existencia de las industrias del arroz, azucar y del coco que necesitan grandes abastecimientos de sacos, mientr:is por otro lado aún se halla en espera de tiu clesarollo el mercado de los Estados Unidos de América, no hay razón porque los 300,000 tooneladas de fibras de bonote abandonadas a pudrirse anualmente en nuestras plantaciones cocalei·as no han de ser utilizades tomando en cuenta que equivalen aproximadamente a unos P75,000,000.00 anualmente. El mrecado Filipino para aisladores, tablones y productos de asbestos, que valian Pl,969,168 en 1940, es bastante grande para justificar la fabricación de estos productos en escala comercial. Los compradores Filipinos de hilazas, guangoches, alfombras, cepillos, petates, sacos, y redes para pescar compraron el año ¡msado P971,781 valor de estos artículos. Las fibras de coco conservarán este dinero en circulación dentro del país. Ln corporación ha demostrado que las tejas de (Continúa a la pág. 14) PAGE 21 asbestos y fibras de bonote así como los tablones plasticos pueden ser sustituidos a los materiales para el tejado y pat"a el suelo que son de origen extranjero. La "copra mea!," el residuo en el procedimiento de la extracción del aceite de la copra, debe halla1· buenos parroquianos en la industria del ganado. Aúnque solamente el 10% del total de animales, fuesen alimeutados con "copra meal," el consumo anual de este producto accesorio ascenderi a 491,971,211 kilos -que equivalen a centenares de miles de pesos. Las importaciones de abonos en Filipinas, ascendió a P4,731,618.00 en 1940. La industria cocalei·a del pais puede ser habilitada plenamente para abastecer las necesidades locales del abono. - La "copra cake," un producto accesorio del coc1~. es una fuente bastante buena de nitrogeno, ácido fosforico y potasa, los cuales elementos son importantes para la manufactura de abonos mi~tos. El establecimiento de una industria de abonos, utilizando la "copra cake" como materia prima resultaria lucratica lo menos por dos razones, primera, Ja "copra cake" abunda en Filipinas; y segunda, mejores abonos mixtos se obtienen por medio del uso de la "copra cake" que por medio de los ingredientes importados. La importación del carbón mineral en 1940 ascendió a P3,145,647.00 y la eliminación del esti partida en la lista de importaciones sin duda beneficiará a la industria cocalera. El carbón de chireta compresa en ladrillos, los cuales dan mayor calor que el carbon mineral, bien puede ser sustituido en lugar del carbón mineral como combutible en las calderas. Las posibiliades industriales del carbón de chireta son inmensas. Como absorbente de las mascaras contra el gas, es vital para la guerra. Muchas industrias lo necesitan en su forma activado. Es origen dt!I carbón, de los electrodos y grafifos, los cuales son muy esenciales en el sistema del alumbrado y comunicaciones, así como para la fabricación de lubricantes, carbón para soldar, papel carbón, polos eléctricoi;, pinturas, baterías y talleres de fundición. La demanda. de estos productos, traducidos en compra.;; actuales en los mercados domésticos y extranjeros, sube a millones de pesos. El coco alcanza la cumbre de su utilidad como artículo domestible. Debemos aprender "reforzar, nuestro arn;>z con productos del coco," como dijo nuestro Presidente a un grupo de plantadores Tayabenses. "El coco, después de todo," dijo el Presidente, "es más nutritivo que el arroz." El coco contiene toda la cantidad necesaria del ámino ácido (amino acids) que es esencial para el desarrollo normal, y siendo constituido así, se pued~~ confeccionarse en alimentos deliciosos. Su aceite es una material prima para la margarina, mantequilla. y mnnteea. Su carne puede ser manufacturado en harina mezclindola con harina de trigo, produce pane¡¡ deliciosos. Lu leche desnatada puede convertirse en h.>che en polvo y sus productos derivados. Las imPK.GE-22 THE COCONUT JOURNAi.. portaciones Filipmas de productos de lecheria (dairy products) y los productos de panadería, los cuales tiene un agregado que asciende P26,130,219 en 1940. representa un mercado enorme--precisamente el mercado que la Corporación aspira desarrollar. La popularización de tmos 300 recetas cuHnariu que utiliza la leche del coco y el coco verde (buco) se esta emprendiendo por la Corporación con vistas a aumentar el consumo por cabeza en Filipinas que f'S de no,•enta cocos solamente a la cifra de la de Ceylon que es 150 por cabeza. Esto representa incremento en el consumo del aceite en la comida Filipina y una reducción en la importación local de aceites comestibles extranjeros. Si la Corporación pudiese aumentar el consumo local con 50 cocos más por cabeza, esto significaría un consumo de 800,000,000 de cocos al año-o sea 160,000 toneladas de copra. La fé y confianza revividas en la capacidad de la industría cocalera para recuperar su anterior puesto l:n la estructura económica de la nación es el homenaje que rendimos a su Excelencia, el Presidente, con rnoti\"O de su sdias y con motivo del aniversario de la Corporación Nacoinal del Coco. l\Iirando hacia el futuro no es nada improbable que en los años venideros la contribución anual de la industrfa al hoja del balance de nuestros negocios alliende los mares excederá el actual promedio ele P70,000,000.00 anualmente. Con la Corporación Nacional del Coco señalindo el c:tmi"no, los plantadores de coco deberán estar en situación de poder convertir en efectivo los varios productos accesorios del coco y sus derivados, y de este modo aumentar los 7 % millones de pesos derivados por el gobierno en forma de impuestos de la industria. Sin embargo, la copra sigue siendo el producto principal de exportación. Como quiera que esta no puede ser suplantada por caulquiera de· sus productos accc~ol"ios como una partida comercial, habrá ncc1~ sidad de ejercer todo empeño para mejorar su eal-idnd Las /sfrts Filipinas lia mantenido conaecuentementl! su reputación de ser el peor productor tU copra en d mundo. Los plantadores de coco pueden oto1·garle al Pre!!ident~ el año que viene un regalo de cumpleaños muy valioso y eso es saludarle como el indiscutible jefe d.! una nación que produce copra de una calidad que puede compararse con la mejor del mundo. La Ley Tydings-McDuffie estipula la concesión <le la independencia en 1946. En caso de separación política de América, el mercado de Jos Estados Unidos para la cop1·a filipina pÚede que se cierre por medio de la erección de elevadas barreras tarifarias. Por tanto, ha menester doaarrollar un nuevo mercado parn este importante producto de exportación. El desarrollo de este nuevo mercado exige que Ja copra producida sea de calidad bastante elevada que pueda soportar los embates de la competencia. Europa es capaz de absorbe1· 200,000 toneladaM de la copra filipina. El Japon que consume 30,000 toneladas de aceite de coco en su industria del jabon. (Continúa a la pág. 24) Un grupo de estudiantes de nuestra escuela cocalera en Ayuquitan, Orien. tal Negros. 642 Jovenes Se Han Graduado UN . total de G42 jovenes de diferentes sc~·os ~t; han ,graduado -este mes en nuestras escudas industriales, de los cuales 322 fueron Oe l.'\ Sariaya l\lodel School; 74, de la Negros Oriental Coconut School: y 246, de la P:mgasinan l;nconut. SChool. La velada de fin de curso de la Sariaya 1\Co· del School se llevó a cabo el 3. del actual. siendo hues· ped de hooor el Gerente General Auxiliar, Dr. Con· rado Benitez, mientras que la clausura de c:urso d\: la escuela en Ayuquüan se ha transferido IJ:lra d 22 de los corrient!?a y la de Pan~asinan p~w;. fines del presentes ITI{:S A continuación publicumos algunos parr;1íos del d·iscurso pronunci:i.do por el Dr. Benitez, pul:ilic·;do eu el "The Philipini;s Herald", en su edición del 8 ~fo Septiembre de 1!><'.!1 : "EL GERENTE GENERAL DE LA NACOCO LA· MENTA LA FALTA DEL ESPIRITU E~?PREN · DEDOR Y PROGRESIVO "La f:tlta d~ un espi:·itu emprendedor y prn · gresivo entre cierta .porción de l:t gente de Luzon el) sus empresas industriales fué lamentada por ConrudC\ Benitez, Gerente General Auxiliar de la :::01pora· oión N:tcional del Coco, en la velada de fin discu1·so de tuvo lugar en l:t escuela del coco en Sariaya, Ta~1aba:;. La claúsura fué la primera función de su clase en Filipinas. "El Sr. Benitcz recalco que las condiciones nuc· vas exigen-método~ nuevo~. que el orden "K'onomioCf mundial cambi:uto requiere un cambio en ios me· todos anticuados para estar al nivel del f'll"OtJreso. Esto es particularmente derto, dijo el, en la vid~ economica del pais donde aun existen val'ios C'asos de apego a los implementos y procedimientos ohsdetos para la produccion. "El funcionario de Ja Nacoco nombró en parti· cuh1.r el "TAPAHAN" ó sea la resecadora de copra antigua, que todavia es usada en las provincias de Luzon. La gente debe condenar este aparato para d:-ir lugar a los equipos modernos. Dijo que la Co1·pornción Nacional ·del Coco ha establecido centralel'l coprcr:1s y resecadores de coprn para mejorar la calidad de In copra producid:i. .. La escuela del coco en S:triaya, segun el Sr. Renitez, enseñando a In itcntc como utilizar los implementos modernos. Trazó Ja historia de la hum:1· uidad é indicó como su progreso ha .sido ·medido. por medio del adelanto -logrado en el ingenio ·inec"a.nico, El uso del arado por ejemplo, dijo el Sr. Benitez, ha trnzado una linea divisoria t:ntre el hombre $alvaje y el .hombre civilizado. El estado del p1·ogr~so de una comunidad ó de una nacion siempre ha sido dctermiMdo por medio del uso que hace de los implementos y maquinarias, dijo además. "La Nt1coco ~mprenderá una campaña p;1ra pro· p:1g1u· el uso de la nueva rcsecadora de coprn." P • .\GE 23 11 ./l cr raves de las Hojas 11 El Presidente Quezon ha aprobado el informe sometido por el Secretario de Hacienda, Hon. l\fanuel Roxas a Henry F. Grady, representante de la U. S. Reconstruetion Finance Corporation, actUalmente ocupado en la investigación de los efectos adversos de la guerra en las principales industrias del pais. Aunque es verdad que r10 se ha revelado el contenido del informe, con todo se cree que entre los problemas que se tendrán que resolver figuran, la escasez de barcos, la necesidad de almacenar alimentos, la urgencia de un emprestito financiero de los Estados Unidos que se empleará en estabilizar los precios. Caso de que se empeoraran las dificultades navieras entre Filipinas y los Estados Unidos, nuestro país podrá obtener parte de unas 1,800,000 toneladas de petroleo y gasolina de las Indias Orientales Holandesas que en adelante no se remitir.in al Ja pon porque se ha hecho ineficaz el contrato sobre el abastecimiento de estos productos. El consumo anual de gasolina de Filipinas es alrededor de 500,000. Se está investigando en America por el Departamento de Comercio, la probabilidad de usar los productos forestales de Filipinas para ciertos aceites QUEZON Y LA INDUSTRIA. (Continuación de la pág. !2) es un mercado potencial para 100,000 toneladas mb. No hay razon porque Filipinas no deberá aprovechar del comercio Europeo y del comercioo Japones después de la guerra. AHORA es el tiempo de preparar para aprovechar del rico mercado Europeo - por medio del mejoramiento de la calidad de la copra del país. La copra de Ceylon, siendo de calidad superior, impone precios preferenciales en el mercado Europeo. En 1937 la copra Ceylonesa se vendía a 20 Libras Esterlinas por tonelada, contra 17 Libras E11terlínas por tonelada de la copra filipina. Una idea de la ganancia en conjunto de los productores locales se puede formar cuando uno toma en cuenta que las exportaciones de Filipinas asciende a unos 400,000 toneladas al año. Si esta exportación se hubiese vendido en Eur.opa en 1937, la ganancia corres~ pondiente a los copreros filipinos hubiera sido dP. Pl2,000,000.00. Redimamos pués la mala reputación de la copra. filipina en el extrangero, para el bién mismo de los de los productores de copra y por Su Excelencia, ~1 Presidente, quien laboro con ahinco para salvar una industria que afecta la vida de lo menos 4,000,000 de almas. (Discurso pronuncia.do por radio en la noclte det 19 de Agosto, 1941) PAGE 24 esenciales de perfume que se han importado hasta ahora de Francia e Italia. Nuestro pais produce en abundancia sustitutos del Bergamo y Jazmin que son muy importantes en la manufactura de jabon y agua de colonia. Los ingredientes para los aceites de perfume pueden producirse en laboratorios y no tienen el olor delicado de los aceites naturales. El plan de estalilecer una agencia de compras en America para todas las corporaciones de la propiedad del gobierno, ya no se lle\'erá a cabo debido a la presente situación. El plan babia sido sugerido para realiiar una economia y para acelerar la entrega de los articulos necesarios. Las corporaciones de la propiedad del gobierno compran artículos que llegan a ,·eces hasta Pl,000,000.00 al año. Hasta el 5 del presente mes se ha registrado un aumento de PO.SO de la copra resecada en Manila. El precio era de P9.00 por cada 100 kilos y a dicha di:1 se ha cotizado a P9.50. En cambio el aceite solo ha registrado un aumento de un centimo, de ro.rn PI kilo está ahora a P0.20. CocalerosJ Lean y Suscriban al "COCONUT JOURNAL" Se 'Publica una vez al Vl'Ces por la NATIONAL COCONUT CORPORA TION rz.co al año E. U. $2.00