Rare Periodicals

Philippines

Media

Part of Philippines

Title

Philippines

Description

Independent fortnightly journal

Issue Date

Volume III (Issue No. 6) August 31, 1943

Publisher

Washington D. C. : Commonwealth of the Philippines

Year

1943

Language

English

Subject

Philippines--Social aspects--Periodicals.

Philippines--History--Periodicals.

Philippine literature --Periodicals.

Rights

Place of publication

Manila

extracted text

Volume Ill, Number 6 PUBLISHED BY THE COMMONWEALTH OF THE PHILIPPINES 1617 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, N. W., WASHINGTON 6, D. C. August 31, 1943 ROOSEVELT, QUEZON BROADCAST TO THE PHILIPPINES PRO~HSE OF EARLY LIBERATION FROM THE ENEMY A DDRESSES by President Roosevelt and President Quezon were broadcast to the Philippines by shortwave. President Roosevelt said in his address. "I give the Filipino people my word that the Republic of the Philippines will be established the moment the power of our Japanese enemies is destroyed. The Congress of the United Stares has acted ro set up the independence of the Philippines. The time will come quickly when that goes into full effect. You will soon be redeemed from the Japanese yoke and you will be assisted in rhe full repair of the ravages caused by the war." The address was given on rhe forty-fifth anniversary of American occupation of rhe Philippines. In his broadcast, President Roosevelt emphasized the face char our country won irs undispurable right to freedom and its place among rhe free nations of the world during the heroic stand at Bataan and Corregidor. He said: 'When the Filipino people resisted the Japanese invaders with their very lives, rhey gave final proof char here was a narion fit co be respected as the equal to any on earth, nor in size or wealth, bur in rhe stout heart and national dignity which are rhe rrue measures of a people." In his address, the President also took occasion ro assail the "Made-in-Japan" brand of independence promised by Tojo. President Roosevelt warned rhe Filipinos "to stand firm against the false promises of rhe Japanese." The rext of the President's speech follows: ''TO THE PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES: "On December 28 1941 three weeks after the armies of die Japanese lau;ched their arcack on Philippine soil, I sent a proclamation co you, the gallant people of the Philippines. I said then: .. 'I give ro the people of the Philippines my solemn pledge that their freedom will be redeemed and their independence established and protected. The entire resources in men imd materials of the United Stares srand behind chat pledge.' ':We shall keep this promise just as we have kept every promise which America has made co the Filipino people. ''The story of the fighting on Bataan and Corregidorand indeed everywhere in the Philippines-wi)l be remembered so long as men continue to respect br.1very and devotion, and determination. \'V'hen the Filipino people re· sisred the Japanese invaders with their very lives. they gave final proof that here was a nation fir ro be respected as the equal ro any on earrh. nor in size or "-calrh, but in the stout heart and national dignity which arc the true measures of a people. "Thar is why the United Stares, in practice. rcg'fds your lawful government as having the same status as the governments of other independent nations. Thar is why I have looked upon President Quezon and Vice-President Osmeiia, not only as old friends, bur also as trusted collaborators in our united task of destroying our common enemies in the east as well as in the wesc. '"THE PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT is a signatory of the declaration by the United Nations, along with thirty-one other nations. President Quezon and Vice-President Osmena attend the meetings of the Pacific War Council, where the war in the Pacific is charted and planned. Your government has participated fully and equally in the United Nations Conference on Food and Agriculture, and a Philippine representative is a member of the Interim Commission created by that Conference. And, of course, the Philippine government will have its rightful place in the conference which will follow the defeat of Japan. 'These are the attributes of complete and respected nationhood for the Philippines, not a promise but a fact. "As President Quezon himself has told you, 'The only thing lacking is the formal establishment of the Philippine Republic.' These words of your President were uttered to you with my prior knowledge and approval. I now repeat them to you myself. I give the Filipino people my word that the Republic of the Philippines will be established the moment the power of our Japanese enemies is destroyed. The Congress of the United States has acted tn sec up the independence of the Philippines. The time will come quickly when that goes into full effect. You will soon be redeemed from the Japanese yoke and you will be assisted in the full repair of the ravages caused by the war. "We shall fight with ever-increasing strength and vigor until that end is achieved. Already Japan is tasting defeat in the islands of the southwest Pacific. Bur that is only the beginning. President Quezon Approves Cooperative Plan IN BEHALF of che Philippine Government, President Manuel L Quezon has given his approval in principle co a plan laid before him for a more active and effective participation of Filipinos in che United Scares and Hawaii in che pose-war recooscruccion of rhe Philippines. The plan, sponsored by Mr. Manuel Adeva, Nationals Division Assiscanc co che Philippine Resident Commissioner, was warmly received and unanimously approved by che delegaces attending rhe Fifth Annual Convention of che Filipino lnter-Communicy Organization of che Western Scates, which was held in Stockton, California, from July '"I call upon you, che heroic people of che Philippines, ro scaod furn in your faich-to stand firm against the false promises of che Japanese, jusc as your fighting men and our fighting men scood firm together against their barbaric attacks. "The great day of your liberation will come, as surely as there is a God in heaven. "The Uniced Scates and che Philippines have learned che principles of honest cooperation, of mutual respect, in peace and in war. "For chose principles we have foughc---and by those principles we shall live." President Quezon assured our countrymen in che lslanJs chac they "will soon learn of heavy action in che Pacific theacer---accion which will mark che beginning of che defeat of Japan." He urged chem co "take courage" and to bear in mind that "Japan is not invincible." His address, delivered on Augusc 19, his 65th birthday, follows in full: "MY BELOVED COUNTRYMEN: "For che second time since the Japanese invasion of our Islands, I observe my birthday anniversary far away from you. Today, even more than any other day, I wish chac I could be with you co share your hardships and your tribulations. But even while on Corregidor I had co make the hard decision tliat I knew would keep me away from the Motherland until I could return with the forces of liberation and independence. The months have been long since the day of my departure but, as they have passed, it has become more and more dear chat che time of redemption is noc far off. ''Today every effort is being made by Japan to convince you chat she will grant you independence. Perhaps she will. Perhaps, as she has declared Burma independent, she will declare the Philippines independent coo. ''Ta those of you who, in good faith, may take such independence seriously if it is granted, I offer a reminder of the fate of the. people of Korea and of Manchuria and the ocher occupied provinces of China. They know full well how unreal chat independence is and how Jacking in liberty. ''To those of you who may believe that Japan is invincible, I say, rake courage. Japan is nor invincible. The rruth is that she is on rhe decline. Monrh after mooch, her 2 lsc co July 4ch. The plan was also presented after the convention co che Filipinos in Vallejo, Fresno, Reedley, and Oxnard where it was likewise enthusiastically approved. According co this plan, the Philippine Government in Washington will receive for safekeeping United States \Var Bonds owned by Filipinos who voluntarily agree to deposit these with the Philippine government for the duration. Cash deposits will be converted into U. S. War Bonds in the name of the depositor. These bonds may not ( Co11ti1111ed 011 the next pr1ge) troops are meeting defeats on the battlefields of the South Pacific. Her fleet is being decimated. "The military picture today is most encouraging. On the Russian front the German allies of Japan have suffered a series of defeats from which they cannot recover. In Southern Europe the indomitable troops of the United States, Canada and Great Britain have occupied mosc <Jf Sicily, and Italy lies faltering at their feet. The Italian leader who not so long ago was boasting of the invincibility of his Fascist regime has resigned, and his party is crumbling under the wrath of his own people. Italy is no longer of any consequence in this war. "Closer to our own land, the brave men under GenerJI MacArthur are continuing their offensive against the Japa· nese. The strategically important air base of Munda has fallen into our hands. More victories are planned, and I can assure you that you will soon learn of heavy action in the Pacific theatre-action which will mark che beginning of rhe defeat of Japan. "The President of rhe United States himself, in his broadcast co you on Occupation Day, che 13ch of this month, said: 'The great day of your liberation will come as surely as rhere is a God in Heaven.' President Roosevelr makes no promises lightly. He spoke with che power and might of rhe strongest nation on earth standing behind every word he said. "The President also renewed his pledge made on December 28, 1941, that the freedom of the Philippines will be redeemed and their independence established and protected. And he confirmed whac I reported to you on the occasion of the fuse anniversary of my departure from Corregidor, namely, chat rhe United Scaces, in practice, regards the Government of the Philippines as having the same sratus as rhe governments of other independent nations, and chr,c the only thing lacking is the formal establishment of che Philippine Republic. He assured us tlm chis will be done rhe moment rhe power of Japan is destroyed, and char we will be assisted in the full repair of rhe ravages caused by the war. "The speech of President Roosevelt is che best gift char you and I can receive on chis anniversary of my birthday, and my last word co you today is co keep your faith in President Roosevelr and in the American people. "God bless you all." PHILIPPINBS "A FIGHTING NA~'IE FOR A FIGHTING SHIP" THIS IS rhe U. S. S. Baraan, one of the newest aircraft carriers ro be bunched by the Navy, and the first ro be named in honor of an American campaign of the present war. "A fighting name for a fighting ship," the Bataan is, in rhe words of President Quezon. "a symbol of the in· evirable defeat of Japrn". Aside from justly immortalizing the galbnt stand of Filipinos and Americans in Bataan, rhe naming of the ship Bataan points ro rhe great pride the United Stares bears for the heroism dispbyed by Americans and Filipinos in rhe Battle of tl1e Philippines. "No ship bears a more illustrious name," said rhe Sec· rerary of the Navy Frank Knox in his message ro President Quezon informing him of the new warship's launching at the yards of the New York Shipbuilding Corpora· tion in Camden, New Jersey. "The U. S. S. Bmaan com· mernorares a campaign that has become a symbol of the fortitude and endurance of free men in rhe face of over· whelming odds. Ir has a rendezvous with destiny that shall nor be denied. I know that you and your brave people will join with all Americans in wishing the Bataan and the men who will sail in her Godspeed and good hunting." Ar the time of rhe launching, on the afternoon of August lsr, President Quezon was resting in a vacation resort in the Adirondacks. Although unable to attend the ceremonies, his reply to Secretary Knox was released simul· taneously with the launching. He wrote: "I am delighted to learn of the launching of the United States aircrafr carrier Bataan. The valor of the American and Filipino fighting men who battled through the long months on Bataan will serve as an inspiration ro the men of this fine new ship. To the people of the Philippines, who live only for rhe day of vicrory and liberation, the Bataan will be a symbol of the inevitable defeat of Japan. Our fighting comradeship was sealed in the foxholes of Bataan, and hallowed forever in the shallow graves of that blood-stained bit of land. Today our beam go with the men who built this ship, with the sailors who will man her, and wirb the aviarors who will rake off from her flight be cashed by the depositor for the duration, except in ex· rreme cases of emergency. Ir is dear thar the Philippine government aims, through this plan, to enable Filipinos to invest their savings in the new Philippine Republic. After the war, great opportunities for agricultural and industrial development will be open to all, especially to those who had taken advantage of these days of high wages and profitable labor, and had invested their savings in war bonds, deposited with the Philippine Government. The Filipinos here and in Hawaii can well use to advantage their experience and training in profitable investments in the Philippines and with rhe encouragement and cooperation of the Philippine government, the needed capital for such future investments is assured. AUGUST 31, 1943 deck. Jn the name of rhe Filipino people, I extend ro all of them my most fervent wishes for good fortune and speedy victory." Owing ro wartime resrrictions, rhe ceremony of the launching of rhe aircraft carrier was witnessed by a small group of Navy officers and shipyard officials in addirion ro the honor guests, Vice-President Sergio Osmeiia and Colonel Manuel Nieto, military aide ro President Quezon, and Miss Maria Osmeiia, rhe Vice-President's daughter. The sponsor was Mrs. George D. Murray, wife of rhe rear admiral commanding the Naval Air Training Center at Pensacola, Florida. The plan is very timely and fills a viral need in Filipino communities. Filipinos are now receiving high wages. Through this plan the Philippine Government rakes upon itself the responsibiliry of guiding them in conserving their earnings. The plan nor only affords the Filipinos the opportunity of helping the United Stares in rbe successful prosecution of the war by buying U. S. W ar Bonds, bur also encourages them ro lay rhe foundation of their economic se· curiry in the Philippines after the war. Derails of the plan are being arranged with Philip· pine Government authorities in Washington, and it is ex· peered that the plan will be in full operation sometime in September this year. (Continued on page 6) 3 [ • -HERE AND THERE ] The President's Birthday THE HOLY SACRIFICE of the Mass was offered for President Quezon on the occasion of his 65th birthday under che auspices of the Filipino Catholic Association in Washington, D. C. It was celebrated on August 15 at the St. Aloysius Srudents' Chapel. Father Rafael de Ocampo, S.J-, chaplain of the Filipino Catholic Association, officiated. According to Mr. Bienvenido M. Gacusana, President of the Filipino-American Catholic Oub of Kansas City, Missouri, the Oub gave a similar mass in honor of the President's birthday on August 22. The Most Reverend Edwin V. O'Hara, Bishop of Kansas City, was the celebrant in the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass. The Sermon was delivered by the Reverend Daniel H. Conway, S.J., President of Sr. Mary's College, Saint Marys, Kansas. The Filipino Executive Council in Washington, D. C., held a program on_ August 19 in honor of the President's birthday, at the Congressional Hall of the Willard Hocel. Birthday messages from President Quezon, Vice-President Osmeiia, and Resident Commissioner Elizalde were read during the program. A movie, "Pledge to Bataan", was shown. The guest speaker of the evening was Col. Carlos P. Romulo. *** "See Yon in Manila" A FILIPINO vessel, one of only three remaining ships of the Philippine Merchant fleer, has just completed more than 160,000 miles of service to the United Nations, in enemy-infested waters. She has been in action since Japan attacked the Philippines and yet has not had a single encounter with hostile forces. In its voyages, and while loading war cargoes in vital ports, it sailed unarmed. The only weapon aboard was a .38 caliber revolver belonging to its skipper, Captain William H. Mullins. Captain Mullins had an all-Filipino crew of whom he is very proud. Filipino officers and crew total forty-four. Among them were Second Officer Gorgonio Garingalao and Third Officer Jose Villarin Sayo. Alfredo Barreiro is Chief Engineer, and Sindulfo Zurita, Second Assistant Engineer. Another member of the crew is Eleno Escote, who has been with the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey for ten years, from 1920 to 1930. He was aboard the Fathomer and the Pathfinder. He has served thirteen years in the Merchant Marine. These men of the ship-Filipinos all-are determined to keep on delivering the goods. They sail under the Filipino and American flags. They have adopted the same slogan of the Filipino regiments in California: "See You in Manila". In addition to their daily work, they also buy war bonds on pay days. One such pay day, they bought bonds totalling $8,000. 4 PRESIDENT QUEZON'S BIRTHDAY MESSAGE To my beloz·ed co1111try111e11 in the United States and Hawaii-" In the past few days, I have received from you many heart-warming birthday messages. I am deeply grateful to all of you for your remembrance of my birthday. As you know, I came to the United States at the invitation of President Roosevelt in order to function as the head of the Commonwealth Government in exile as a symbol of the redemption of the Philippines. This will be my second birthday anniversary since the Philippines fell under the sway of the Japanese military occupation. Through the long months of this occupation, our families, our relatives, our friends. our native towns, have suffered the aftermath of conflict and the hardships of alien oppression. Today. as always, I think of our people in their heavy ordeal, and my heart is sad. Although my health is not of the best, I dedicate my life to speeding the liberatioo of our beloved islands. To the men of the First and Second Filipino Infantry Regiments, to the Filipinos who are serving in the United States Navy and Coast Guard, to the men of our Philippine merchant marine, I send my warm greetings. Upon you rests the responsibility to fulfill the dream of freedom for which our soldiers died on the battlefields in the Philippines. As you train and as you fight, my hand and my heart go with you. To the thousands of Filipinos who are working in the war industries and on the farms of America and Hawaii, I express my deep appreciation of the constant and unflagging effort which you are putting into your labors. However prosaic your job might have seemed in the days of peace, you know, as I know, that your labor is helping to hasten the day of victory. To all Filipinos who still breathe the air of freedom, I repeat our full-throated cry of hope--"The Philippines Free Forever!" MANUEL L. QUEZON All hardened men of the sea, there is noching sentimental about the way they say, "See You in Manila"_ They know that one day, this little merchant vessel shall sail through Manila Bay, and anchor along the pier as it used to in the days before the War. They live for this day. * * * Filipinos in the U.S. Coast Guard Reserve ON October 26, 1942, President Roosevelt approved a bill, which became Public Law No. 762, permitting Filipinos to qualify as members of the United States Coast Guard Reserve. PIDLIPPJNBS Jose P. Gozar and Narciso Ortilano OUR subjects this month proved themselves heroes by turning two serious accidents of combat into victory, through sheer courage and fearlessness. Jose P. Gozar's exploit cook place a few days after Pearl Harbor; Narciso Ortilano's happened during the latter pare of February, 1942. In between these two acts of heroism are other deeds by many other valiant men long since dead and unknown. For them the peace of anonymity. But as we read from month co month the stories of the daring of such men as Gozar and Ortilano, we realize that other stories of deeds as great muse lie untold beneath hurriedly dug graves among the bucces and mountains, and under the trees in Bataan and elsewhere in the Philippines where our men held their lines co the lasr and are holding even now. Jose P. Gozar was a third lieutenant of the Philippine Army Air Corp ac che outbreak of the war. Zablan Field in Quezon City, to which he was assigned, was constantly under heavy enemy fire. The Japanese were bent on knocking che field our of commission. And they always came in superior numbers. In one of these raids over Zablan Field-on December 10, 1941-Lc. Gozar led a small number of defending planes. In che chick of the dogfight, while he was busily engaged with one of the attackers, Gozar's guns jammed. Bue instead of fleeing from the scene of combat, he continued che arrack and attempted to ram his opponent. After a series of such maneuvers, he forced the Japanese plane to flee without further attacks against the airdrome. For this "display of courage and leadership", Gozar was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross. This young man hails from Calapan, Mindoro. He is the son of Mr. Juan Gozar. Corregidor: Narciso Ortilano was a first class private in the Philippine Scouts. A veteran of this contingent, he had lived through severe and dangerous combat duties. He had been assigned rear guard positions to allow vital supply lines to pass through, or to give ample rime for our harassed armies to consolidate new lines of defense. He had patrolled for snipers in the jungles of Bataan. He went through these heroic assignments like his comrades in arms, the Philippine Scouts, who emerged hardened veterans, ready for more action. During the latter part of February, 1942, in one of those critical days when our lines were fast receding into the sea, Ortilano found himself manning an isolated machine gun alone. Suddenly out of nowhere, eleven Japanese started moving toward him. The Philippine Scour veteran held his position, mowing down four of the Japanese before his machine gun jammed. Then he whipped out his automatic and disposed of five more of the Japanese. Then his automatic jammed, too. The two remaining Japs, with bayonets fixed, were still advancing toward him. He was now without a weapon, but the undaunted trooper held his ground. In the hand to hand fighting thar followed, one of the Japs lunged at him, slashing off Ortilano's thumb. But he wrested the weapon from the Jap and killed him with his own weapon. Then turning around he shot the eleventh Japanese with the captured rifle. When Ortilano's comrades reached the machine gun nest, they found him repairing his machine gun, unmindful of his bleeding wound. His was a new record-single-handed, he had killed eleven Japanese in one engagement. A Distinguished Service Cross was immediately recommended for him by his commanding officer. "Intrinsically it is but a barren war-torn rock, hallowed as so many other places by death and disaster. "Yet it symbolizes within itself that priceless, deathless thing, the honor of a Nation. "Until we lift our flag from its dust, we stand unredeemed before mankind. "Until we claim again the ghastly remnants of its last gaunt garrison, we can but stand, humble supplicants, before Almighty God. ''There lies our Holy Grail." -General Douglas MacArthur AUGUST ~l, 194~ Filipino Convention Passes Resolutions TEOFll.O S. SUAREZ !'resident of the Filipino Comn11111i:y of Stockton & Vicinity, Jue., who played hoJt to the officials and delegrues a/lending the Fifth A111111:1L lnter-Co11/.11umity Co11l'en1io11 at Stockton, Cali/or11/fl. SuBSEQUENT reporcs on the Fifth Annual Inter-Community Convention which ended on July 4th after a fourday conference indicates that a number of important resolmions were approved, which, if carried into effect, would prove to be forward steps toward the accomplishment of the principal aim nf the convention----{l more active and effective participation of free Filipinos in the aUied war effort and in the building of a new Philippines. One resolution made it of record that the delegates to the Convention wished it to be known "to our people in the Philippines that they are in our thoughts day and night and that we are all doing our level best in helping all the efforts of the United Nations for their evenrual liberation, the expulsion of the Japanese from our soil." This message was broadcast four times to the people of the Philippines-in English on July 23rd, and on July 24th in English, in Tagalog and Samar-Leyte Visayan, according ro the chief of the Philippine Section, Office of War Information, Overseas Branch in San Francisco. In another resolution, the Filipino Inter-Community Organization of the Western States petiriohs the Philippine Government in exile that a government survey of Filipino business enterprises be made ro determine rhe scope of their financial and technological need. Government guidance is sought particularly for such Filipinos who on ac( Contin11ed from page 3 ) Highlights of the speech embodying the plan, as delivered by Mr. Adeva before rhe convention at Srockron, California, follow: I am sure char no·one would dispute my statement that every Filipino outside of our unhappy land, is chinking of the homeland and of his part in its reconstruction after the Japanese invaders have been driven our. I am sure every one of us feels deep down in his heart that he has-or must have-a definite part in the rebuilding of our country after the war. The Filipinos in the armed forces of the United Stares have already been assigned a definite and hazardous part. It is their job to free our country by force of arms from the savage conquerors. They lead the way and clear the path. It is our job-we soldiers of the home front6 Preside111 of the Filipino Jn. ter-Co11wut11ity Orga11izr11io11 of the llV estem States, who 111t1s re-elected for a second ter11l, at the close of the Co11ve111ion on ]11/y 4th. ANTONIO A. G ONZA LEZ count of age, are no longer "able to do hard, manual labor bur who are desirous of investing their savings in some worthwhile business enterprises." The resolution assumes that "with government support and guidance Filipino investors will readily put up their money in business." Scoring unwarranted attacks on high ranking Philippine government officials in \X'ashington by certain sections of the Philippine press in the West Coast, one resolution describes such "subversive" publications, "designed to undermine the faith and loyalty of our people in our government-in-exile, thus making it harder for us ro continue our fight for' freedom." These particular rimes, the resolution emphasizes, calls for unity nor disunity, understanding, nor dissension. Citing the establishment of a Philippine Center in New York City, the Convention has resolved to petition the Philippine government to establish a similar office in Seatrle ro rake care of Filipino affairs in rhe Pacific Northwest and Alaska in coordination with the Office of rhe Philippine Resident Commissioner, Western Division, in San Francisco. Other resolutions sought further assistance in securing favorable court decisions on California" s Anti-Alien Land Law and the repeal of laws discriminatory ro Filipinos in California, Washingron, and ocher scares. to follow them and rebuild over the ruins a richer Philippines-a Philippines where we and our children could enjoy the four freedoms enunciated by President Roosevelt, namely freedom of speech and expression, freedom of religion, freedom from want, and freedom from fear. What can we who are left behind to follow the soldiers contribute ro this tremendous job of reconstruction? The answer, my beloved countrymen, is OUR SA VIN GS. Our country will need money with which to rebuild her basic industries. Our country will need capital not only to rebuild bur to develop and put into full use our vast narural resources. Our soldier heroes can give no more; they already stand ready to sacrifice their lives for our country's redemption. ( C ontintted on page 8) PHILIPPINBS PHILIPPINE BOOKSHELF RETREAT WITH STILWELL. By Jack Belden. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 1943. 368 pp. S3.00. JACK BELDEN, thanks to his American courage, has Jived ro rell us this story of a defeat that is not so easr to tell. One who reads his book can not help but recall the story of Bataan as recounted by Clark Lee and Frederick S. Marquardt and make obvious comparisons. Sai-s Belden: "Final!)' a Burma Freedom Arm)' was formed. Four thousand young men flocked into this army, ready to die· fighting the same enemy the Japanese "·ere fighting. At last, at the end of March, these barely irained soldiers, equipped with few Japanese machine guns and riftes, went into action on the lrra..,·addy Rh·er, fighting unskillfully but fanatically against the British Imperial Army." Oark Lee: "To the people who read about Bataan in the future, the v.·ords "Filipino and American troops' will have an anonymous quality. 'Troops' is an impersonal word. It suggests a 101 of anonymous men in uniform. The troops in Bataan were neither anonymous, nor impersonal, for Bataan was a very intimate and personal war. It was fought in such a small, confined area that thousands of people got to know each other very well. They shared each other's successes, the minor victories like shooting do..,·n a plane or knocking a sniper out of a tree. Together they shared the horrors of final defeat as they are now sharing the hell of life as helpless prisoners of brutal, vicious little men with big bayonets." Belden: "We no longer could forget the Burma War. All the jungle kisses of a Burmese maiden will not wipe it out. Nor will all the statements of the officials change the nature of the defeat, change the reasons for it, or obliterate the disgrace of it.': Frederick S. Marquardt said: 'Was Bataan worth while? ... From the military standpoint their achievements more than justified their losses. They held an army estimated at rwo hundred thousand men for more than three months, when the Japs needed their troops for the campaigns to the south and to the west. They tied up a large number of Japanese supply ships, when those ships could have been carrying tanks and troops and munitions to other vital Selected Current Literature Books 1. Daniel, Hawthorne. Islands of the Pacific. New York, G. P. Pumam's Sons, 1943. 228 pp. $2.50. 2. Greenbie, Sydney. Asia Unbound. New York, Appleton-Century, 1943. $3.00. 3. Laubach, Frank C. The Silent Billion Speak. New York, Friendship Press, Inc., cl943. 201 pp. $1.00. (For discussion on the Philippines, see Chap. II: "A Literacy Campaign from the Inside" and Chap. III: 'The 'Each One Teach One' Idea Spreads''.) 4. Political Handbook of the World, 1943. New York, Council on Foreign Relations, Inc., 1943. 202 pp. $2:50. (See pp. 150-151, "~mmonwealth of the Philippines.'') Periodical Literature I. Babcock, C. Stanton. Philippine Campaign. Th11 Co11olr1 Jour,,,J, March-April, 1943, v. 52, pp. 7-10; May-June, pp. 28-35. AUGUST 31; 1943 war fronts. Most important of all, 1he1• forced the Japs to use up a veq• substantial amount of their hoard of war materials, somerhing which the Japanese industrial machine was not able to rcpface as rapidly as the United Srates could turn ir out. Belden, however, is careful to point ouc rhat the Imperial soldiers foughr bravely to the last. There were soldiers from the length and breadth of the British Empire, dark skinned Indians, bagpipe-playing Scotch soldiers, Irish. Canadian and Australian. In this tough crowd General Stilwell shines as one of the roughest; one who can outshoot and oucwalk any one of his soldiers. General Stilwell's characterization plus a few ocher portraits make Belden's scory of Burma one of rhe most dramatic reporcings of the war.-A. B. M. I WAS ON CORREGlDOR. By Amea 1Vil/011ghby. New Yo,.k: Harper a11d Bro1hen, 1943. 249 pp. S2.50. MRS. WILLOUGHBY, wife of che Executive Assistant to the High Commissioner, was in Manila when the war broke out and chis book is an account of her experiences in che Philippines wirh native cooks and servants, other members of the small American official circle, and fin.illy with the Filipino and American soldiers in Corregidor as ic lay under Japanese siege. Although it has neicher the panoramic breadth of Clark Lee's "They Call ic Pacific". nor che mamre insight and undcrscanding of Frederick Marquardr's "Before Bataan and After", chis book supplies more useful details about what happened there. Because of the official position of her husband, Mrs. Willoughby is able to give us some more valuable and hitherto unknown data and stories about life in Corregidor in those terrible days. Her account, for example, of the salvaging of the gold, silver and paper mone)' stored in the vaults of the Fortress, is one of the few eye-witness accounts chat we have of the dramatic incident. Her character sketches of Americans, based on close association with the people she describes, are intimate, informal, genteel. Ir is unforrunate however, that she felr she had to portray the Filipinos, too. For, like so many other casual visitors and tourists, Mrs. Willoughby saw only rhe unfamiliar and the different, and, reporting withom understanding, she achieved nor characterization but caricarure.-A. B. M. 2. Crow, Carl. Japanning the Philippines. The Nation, July 31, 1943, v. 157, pp. 120-123. 3. Hazam, John G. Islam and the Muslims in the Far East. Far Eastern Survey, July 28, 1943, v. 12, no. 15, pp. 149-155. (See p. 152, "Moro Minority in Philippines".) 4. One year in Washington. The U11ited Nations RevieU', June 15, 1943, v. 3, pp. 257-258. 5. Osmefia, Sergio. The United Nations and the Philippines. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, July 1943, v. 228, pp. 25-29. 6. Robb, Walter. New England's Parr in the Philippines. Chrislian Science Monitor, Weekly Magazine Sect., July 24, 1943, pp. 13, 15. 7. Valdes, Basilio J. Philippine-American Relations; text of address at commencement exercises, Parsons College, Fairfield, Iowa, May 30, 1943. The United Nalions Re11ie1u, July 15, 1943, v. 3, pp. 302-304. 8. Wheeler, John, Rearguard in Luzon. The C1111olry ]ournol, March-April 1943, v. 52, pp. 5·6. 7 Cooperative Plan ... (Continued from page 6) Our people back home can contribute only a small amount towards this noble task. They are poor now and will be poorer after the Japanese shall have accomplished their purpose of looting our country. Ocarly then it remains for us-you and me--who enjoy the freedom to work and are paid good wages in this country to contribute our savings tewards this worthy and vitally necessary task. You and I must do our share in the rehabilitation of the Philippines. We can nm and should not escape that responsibility. We are fighting. my beloved countrymen, for our freedom. From the valiant Lapulapu to our heroes on Bataan, Corregidor, and orher battlefields, we have distinguished ourselves as fighters for liberty, and will continue to do so until the end of time. But have we stopped to consider that he who controls a nation's economy also controls irs political destinies? We who are working here and making good money will have the great opporrunity of controlling our counrry' s economy by saving our money and investing it in the Philippines after the war is over. That is our glorious task. How are we to accomplish this? Your Goverw:Dent will cooperate wirh you in a gigantic business enterprise-the rebuilding of rhe Philippines. Your Government will agree ro acr as a depository or trustee for your savings-the savings which you have agreed to use as your investment in rhe rebuilding of certain basic industries or in the development of our agricultural industry. Briefly, here is the plan which I propose you consider seriously. You, as an investor in chis cooperative enterprise, will send your savings in rhe form of War Bonds to the Philippine Commonwealrh Government in Washington. Cash deposits will be convened into War Bonds in rhe name of the depositor. Your Government will send you receipt for every dollar you send. You may not draw these voluntary savings for the duration, and even after, for it is agreed that your savings which you have deposited with the Philippine Government in Washington is intended for PHILIPPINES is published by the Government of the Commonwealth of the Philippines. Filipinos who desire to receive it regularly are requested to notify: The Editor, PHILIPPINES 1617 Massachusetts Avenue, N. W., Washington 6, D. C. POSTMASTER-If undeliverable FOR ANY REASON, notify sender, siatios: reason, on FORM 3547, posias:e for which is guaranteed. 8 one purpose only-as investment in rhe rebuilding of our country. After the war, your Government will help you organize a corporation in the Philippines whose object is to take over and rebuild or develop certain indusrries, say, rhe abaca industry, lumbering, deep sea fishing, or engage in land resettlement projects. By chat time you will be entitled to shares of stock in chis corporation corresponding to the total amount which has been accumulated in your account including interest. Thar is your Capital investment in the reconsrrucrion of our country. Ir is important, I chink, that I must point out in this connection that not one penny of the money you send ro Washington will be used to pay anybody who may be employed to pur this project into being. All expenses will be borne by your Government. I must point out also that by participating in this grear undertaking, you will be doing three things, all of which are of equal importance. First, you will be acrually helping in rhe war effort of the United Nations of which your country is a fully recognized member; second, you will have been encouraged ro appreciate the value of saving; third, your money will be used in the most important task of rebuilding our country. You will thus have laid down the foundation of your economic securiry. The above is only an outline of this plan. I am returning to Washington and when I come back, I will bring wirh me the complete machinery for putting chis plan into effect. As you no doubt will understand, chis whole program will have ro be studied and approved by our Cabinet. Bur approval is very likely because your Government is virally interested in your welfare. In his report to the Filipino people on February 20, 1943, President Quezon said: "We shall secure for every Filipino the satisfaction of the basic human needs which are the rights of all men-food, clothing and shelrer, and economic opportuniry. Wirh rhe help of the United Stares, we shall rebuild our ravaged land, and make of ir a prosperous member t,f rhe family of free nations." Sec. 562, P.l.&R. U. S. POSTAGE PAID WASHINGTON, D. C. PERMIT No. 5045 Prof. Joseph R. Hayden 5~n.ondaga Ann Arbor, Michigan PHILIPPINES